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30 THE BALOCH RACE that they were already settled there when the Arab con- quest took place three hundred years before. The Baloch occupied a territory adjacent to that of the Koch, but were quite distinct from them. Mas'udi 1 only says that he is not able to give any account of the Qufs, the Baloch, and the Jatt (Zutt), who dwell in the regions of Karman. He is the only writer who mentions Jatts in Karman, all other accounts showing them as occupying Mekran at that period. Istakhri gives fuller details. 2 He describes the Koch as living in the mountains, while the Baloch inhabited the desert. Both races spoke languages of their own distinct from Persian, which was the ordinary language of Karman. The version translated by Ouseley puts the desert inhabited by the Baloch to the south of the mountains, and towards Mekran and the sea ; and one passage in the Arabic version bears this out—viz. : ' Karman is bordered on the east by Mukaran, and the desert between Mukaran and the sea towards the Bulus (Baloch) '; but further on it says : ' The Bulus live on the tableland of the Qufs Mountains, and no one else enters these mountains ; they have cattle and tents like the Beduin, and the routes through their country are not unsafe.' ' The Qufs,' it says, ' are believed to be of Arab descent, and live under their own chiefs.' Further south, again, lives another race, apparently distinct from both Koch and Baloch. According to the Persian version they inhabit the mountains near Hurmuz, and are robbers, said to be Arabs by origin ; while in the Arabic version we read : * The inhabitants of the Qaran or Barfen 3 Mountains were Zoroastrians during the rule of the Amawl Khalifas they would not submit, and were more cunning than the inhabitants of the Qufs Mountains. They were converted under the rule of the 'Abbasi Khalifas.' This race is evidently the Ahwas or Hawas of Idrlsi. The Persian 1 Mas'udi, French translation, iii. 254. 2 Mordtmann's 'Istakhri' (Hamburg, 1845, pp. 77, 78), and Ouseley's 'Ibn Haukal,' pp. 143, 146. (This is a Persian version of * Istakliri.') 3 The S-^jLUJU*, or Cold Mountains, according to IdrTsT.
A HISTORICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL SKETCH 31 version adds that Qufs in Arabic is the same as Koch in Persian, and that these two peoples—one in the mountains and the other in the desert—are commonly spoken of jointly as Koch and Baloch. Both versions agree in describing the Baloch as better behaved than their neigh- bours, and as not infesting the roads ; but it is impossible to accept this statement as fact. It is perhaps due to the accidental use of a negative by a copyist, and one authority has probably reproduced it from another without question. Istakhri also, in his account of Sijistan, gives a list of the provinces of that country, among which two (Nos. 19 and 22) are described as ' country of the Baloch ' (u*^). 1 The desert infested by the Baloch seems in reality to have been not that to the south of the Karman Mountains, but the great desert now known as the Lut, which lies north and east of Karman, and separates it from Khorasan and Sistan. Idrisi, who was a careful writer, says that the Koch Mountains were inhabited by a savage race— a sort of Kurds—while the Baloch live to the north, and some to the west of them. 2 He adds that they are pros- perous, have much cattle, and are feared by their neigh- bours, and also confirms the statement that they do not infest the roads. Yakut is in substantial agreement with Idrisi. 3 He also compares the Koch to the Kurds, and quotes an Arabic poem as follows : ' What wild regions have we traversed, inhabited by Jatts (Zutt), Kurds, and savage Qufs !' He gives a long account of the Qufs, quoted from er-Bohini, in which he traces them to pre-Islamic Arabs of Yemen, and says they have never had any religion, either pagan or Muhammadan. He speaks of them as irreclaimable savages, and says it would be well to exterminate them. He adds that they do show some respect to 'All, but only out of imitation of their neigh- bours. This gives rise to a suspicion that they may have 1 Mordtmann's ' Istakhri,' p. 115. 2 Jaubert's ' Edrlsi,' i. 428, 429. 3 I owe the reference to Yakut to the kindness of Mr. Ellis.
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Page 7 and 8: ASIATIC MONOGRAPHS. Arrangements ha
Page 9: astatic Society flDonograpbs. VOL.
Page 12 and 13: $ - ^ ? c V tt.A / \the baloc a rac
Page 14 and 15: 4 THE BALOCH RACE Each tuman is mad
Page 16 and 17: THE BALOCH RACE and Lasharis among
Page 18 and 19: o THE B A LOCH RACE Opinions as to
Page 20 and 21: 10 THE BALOCH RACE Dr. Bellew's att
Page 22 and 23: 12 THE BALOCH RACE Ujfalvy is given
Page 24 and 25: 14 THE BALOCH RACE Sporadic cases o
Page 26 and 27: 1G THE B A LOCH RACE the first two,
Page 28 and 29: 18 THE BALOCH RACE that language fo
Page 30 and 31: 20 THE BALOCtl RACE in a tract of c
Page 32 and 33: 22 THE BALOCH RACE however, thinks
Page 34 and 35: 24 THE BALOCH RACE Gul-phad/i (Flow
Page 36 and 37: 26 THE BALOCH RACE valleys, spurs,
Page 38 and 39: 28 THE BALOCH RACE to receive the a
Page 42 and 43: 32 THE BALOCH RACK been Shias, and
Page 44 and 45: 34 THE BALOCH RACE the Seljuq invas
Page 46 and 47: 36 THE BALOCH RACE families, but pu
Page 48 and 49: 38 THE BALOCH RACE There is a long
Page 50 and 51: 40 THE BALOCH RACE (3) The Dodais ;
Page 52 and 53: 42 THE BALOCH RACE Kot Karor to Dha
Page 54 and 55: 44 THE B4L0CH RACE a force of 3,000
Page 56 and 57: 46 THE BALOCH RACE the Chenab, the
Page 58 and 59: 48 THE BALOCH BACE Chandko along th
Page 60 and 61: 50 THE BALOCH RACE the thorny brush
Page 62 and 63: 52 THE BALOCH RACE It is, however,
Page 64 and 65: APPENDIX I. I. Clans, or bolaks, na
Page 66 and 67: 56 THE BALOCH RAGE a ballad as one
Page 68 and 69: 58 THE BALOCH RACE Gurchant.—A tr
Page 70 and 71: 60 THE BALOCH RACE from one of Chak
Page 72 and 73: 62 THE BALOCH RACE Tribe. Clan. Sep
Page 76 and 77: 66 THE BALOCH RACE Tribe. Gurchani
Page 80 and 81: 70 THE BALOCH RACE Tribe. Marri (co
Page 84 and 85: 74 THE BALOCH RACE Tribe. Kind (of
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX III. GENEALOGICAL TABLES S
Page 88 and 89: 78 THE BALOCH RACE Shaihak. i III.
Page 90 and 91:
80 THE BALOCH RACE VI. Pedigree of
Page 92 and 93:
82 THE BALOCH RACE IX. The Pedigree
Page 94 and 95:
84 THE BALOCH RACE XI. Pedigree of
Page 96 and 97:
86 THE BALOCH RACE III. HISTORY. El
Page 98 and 99:
88 F. Fath Khan, Dodal, 41, 46 Ferr
Page 100:
i$Q: : T^HE BALOCH RACE Shikarpur 1
Page 107:
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