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4 th Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaic Conference -Uppsala 2012 155 References [1] Nozawa, T. "Organic Solar Cells Now Produced in Volume" Nikkei Electronics Asia 2008, July, http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/HONSHI/20080625/153868/ [2] Fabregat-Santiago, F.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Mora-Sero, I.; Bisquert, "Characterization of nanostructured hybrid and organic solar cells by impedance spectroscopy" Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 9083 [3] Green, M. A.; Emery, K.; Hishikawa, Y.; Warta, W. "Solar cell efficiency tables (version 37)," Prog. Photov.: Res. Appl. 2011, 19, 84. [4] Toyoda, T.; Sano, T.; Nakajima, J.; Doi, S.; Fukumotoa, S.; Ito, A.; Tohyamaa, T.; Yoshida, M.; Kanagawa, T.; Motohiro, T.; Shiga, T.; Higuchi, K.; Tanaka, H.; Takeda, Y.; Fukano, T.; Katoh, N.; Takeichi, A.; Takechi, K.; Shiozawa, M. “Outdoor performance of large scale DSC modules” J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 2004, 164, 203. © SEFIN 2012
4 th Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaic Conference -Uppsala 2012 156 C43 - Electrostatic layer-by-layer films based on conjugated polyelectrolytes: an alternative approach towards solar energy conversion Luiz Carlos P. Almeida a , Valtencir Zucolotto b , Neil J. Coville c , Ana F. Nogueira a a, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas SP, P.O. Box 6154, Zip Code 13083970, Brazil b, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos SP, Brazil c, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials and Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Different techniques have been employed to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices, including spin-coating, thermal evaporation and chemical vapor deposition. These techniques, however, exhibit drawbacks such as high temperature requirement and the high amount of toxic materials often employed such as organic solvents. As an alternative for thin film fabrication, electrostatic self-assembly layer-by-layer (LBL) technique has attracted much attention because it is a simple and versatile method to prepare multilayer thin films 1 . Moreover, because water is part of the LbL fabrication process, films made from conjugated polyelectrolytes are less sensitive to moisture and may show improved stability under atmospheric conditions. In this presentation, we will discuss the application of LBL technique to fabricate multilayer thin films based on poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and polythyophene (PTEBS) derivatives, carboxylic-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT-COOH) and water-soluble fulleropirrolidine (C60 + ). Figure 1 AFM images of (a) [(PPV/DBS)100:(PEI/SWCNTs-COOH)8] and (b) (PTEBS/C60+) LbL films deposited onto ITO/glass substrates (scanned area of 5.0 × 5.0 µm2). (c) Current-voltage characteristics of ITO/(PTEBS/C60+)40 electrode in aqueous solution (0.5 mol L-1, Na2SO4) under AM 1.5 illumination. First, we investigated a bilayer architecture consisting of a block of (PPV/DBS)100 (electrondonating layer) assembled onto ITO electrodes, followed by an electron-accepting block comprising (PEI/SWCNTs-COOH)n bilayers (where n=3, 5 and 8), resulting in a final [(PPV/DBS)100:(PEI/SWCNTs-COOH)n] architecture 2 . In the sequence, we studied multilayer films consisting of alternating layers of PTEBS and C60 + fullerene. These films, represented as (PTEBS/C60 + )m, were prepared with up to 40 bilayers. Multilayer adsorption and film growth of both types of films were investigated upon collecting the electronic spectrum after deposition of each bilayer and morphological aspects of the films were obtained by epifluorescence and AFM microscopies (Figure 1). Steady-state PL spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical experiments confirm charge transfer from PPV to SWCNT and from PTEBS to C60 + through photocurrent generation obtained from chronoamperometric measurements and I×V curves under illumination. © SEFIN 2012
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