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4 th Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaic Conference -Uppsala 2012 195 C73 - Finger prints of dye solar cell’s components using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy Muhammad Imran Asghar a , Niko Humalamäki b , Liisa Antila b , Sampo Kaukonen a , Janne Halme a , Peter Lund a , Jouko Korppi-Tommola b a, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland, FI b, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Nanoscience center (NSC), P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland, FI Long term stability of dye solar cells (DSCs) is a prerequisite for their commercialization. The flexible DSCs based on plastics or metals have additional challenges with regards to the degradation. Several degradation mechanisms have been reported [1,2]. To improve the stability of DSCs it is essential to understand the degradation reactions using techniques giving information about chemical structural changes [1,2]. In this work, using Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy a database library of dye solar cell components is presented. It covers five different dyes N3, N719, Z907, Osmium dye and thiocyanate free Ruthenium dye and different electrolyte additives i.e. Iodine (I2), Lithium iodide (LiI), 4-tert-butylpyridine 4-TBP, Guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN), 1-propyl-3methylimidazolium iodide (PMII), 1-Methyl-benzimidazole (NMBI) in 3-methoxypropionitrile and acetonitrile as solvents. The measurements were done in a specially designed cell arrangement through Calcium Fluoride window. The focus of the work is to understand the chemical behavior of the molecules in the electrolyte and the photoelectrode. This DSC library will act as reference point to examine the chemical changes occurred during the degradation of DSCs. The results are a step forward towards the understanding the chemical interactions of different DSCs components and their effect on the lifetime of the DSCs. Key words:Degradation, Dye, Electrolyte, Infrared, Solar References [1] Asghar, M.I., Miettunen, K., Halme, J., Vahermaa, P., Toivola, M., Aitola, K., and Lund, P., Review of stability for advanced dye solar cells, Energy & Environmental Science 3, pp. 418-426 (2010). [2] Miettunen, K., Asghar, M.I., Mastroianni, S., Halme, J., Barnes,P.R. F., Rikkinen, E., Regan, B. C., and Peter Lund, P., Effect of molecular filtering and electrolyte composition on the spatial variation in performance of dye solar cells, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 664, pp. 63-72 (2012). © SEFIN 2012
4 th Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaic Conference -Uppsala 2012 196 C74 - “Pseudo bi-layer” Organic Solar Cells Chian Haw Yong, L. N. S. A. Thummalakunta, Ananthanarayanan Krishnamoorthy, Joachim Luther Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Block E3A, #06-01, SINGAPORE, 117574, SG The state of the art solution processed organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are based on the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architecture, consisting of an active layer, in which the donor and the acceptor material are dissolved in a common solvent. In this poster presentation we showed an efficient solution-processed pseudo bi-layer organic solar cell with standard donor material poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) as acceptor. These pseudo bi-layer organic solar cells were fabricated by sequential processing of donor and acceptor components using orthogonal solvent followed by subsequent thermal annealing [1, 2]. The optimized pseudo bi-layer organic solar cells showed efficiency values of 4.1% and 5.9% under AM 1.5G irradiation (1000W/m 2 ) respectively for P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:ICBA.The obtained high efficiency is attributed to an enhanced nanomorphology that arises from the inter-diffusion between fullerene nanoparticles and pre-organised polymer (P3HT) and also due to the subsequent crystallisation of the fullerene nanoparticles induced by thermal annealing. These processes facilitate efficient charge generation and extraction. Time of flight – secondary ion mass spectroscopy(TOF-SIMS) depth profiling and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) were carried out for different thermal annealing treatments of these pseudo bi-layer devices, which reveals full inter-diffusion between fullerene and polymer P3HT. Photo-CELIV (Charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage) studies elucidates that the thermal annealing imparts crystallinity to the fullerene phase which results in the improvement of charge carrier mobility. © SEFIN 2012 Figure 1 Schematic of device structure before and after thermal annealing. The thermal annealing induced crystallinity effect is more pronounced in ICBA as compared to PCBM. These results demonstrated that the above mentioned sequential deposition process can yield higher efficiency values than a comparable conventional bulk heterojunction organic solar cell. These pseudo bi-layer organic solar cells have certain advantages over their BHJ counterparts like control over processing conditions, thermal stability and minimal usage of active components. The reasons for the relatively high performance of these solar cells will be presented in detail.
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