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xviii ABBREVIATIONS 2G second-generation mobile telecommunications system 3G third-generation mobile telecommunications systems 3GPP 3G Partnership Project 4G fourth-generation mobile telecommunications systems ACE Africa Coast to Europe ADSL asymmetric digital subscriber line APEC Asia-Pacifi c Economic Cooperation API application programming interface App application ARCEP Autorité de Régulation des Communications Électronique et des Postes (France) (French Electronic Telecommunications and Postal Sectors Regulator) ASO analog switch-off or switch-over of analog broadcast television BAK bill and keep BEREC Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications BPL broadband over powerline BRAND <strong>Broadband</strong> for Rural and Northern Development (Canada) BRIC Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, and China BSC base station controller BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. BT British Telecom BTS base transceiver station CATV cable television CBI capacity-based interconnection CCI centro de capacitación en informática (Dominican Republic) (local community computer training center)
CCK Communications Commission of Kenya CDMA Code Division Multiple Access (family of mobile communication standards) CERT computer emergency response team CII critical information infrastructure CLC computer learning center CMTS cable modem termination system CPE customer premises equipment CPEA Cross-Border Privacy Enforcement Arrangement CPNP calling party network pays CRT cognitive radio technology CSC common service center (India) DBKL Kuala Lumpur City Hall DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act (United States) DNS domain name system DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifi cation (cable modem standard) DPI Deep Packet Inspection DSL digital subscriber line DSLAM digital subscriber line access multiplexer DTH direct to home (satellite) DTT digital terrestrial television DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing EASSy Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System EC European Commission ECTEL Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EFM ethernet in the fi rst mile EMS element management system EP2P ethernet over point-to-point EPON ethernet passive optical network ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacifi c ETTx Ethernet to the home and business EU European Union EV-DO CDMA2000 Evolution Data Optimized (mobile communication standard) FBO facilities-based operator FCC Federal Communications Commission (United States) FDD Frequency Division Duplexing Abbreviations xix
Page 3: Broadband Strategies Handbook
Page 6 and 7: © 2012 International Bank for Reco
Page 8 and 9: Access to Infrastructure 111 Openin
Page 10 and 11: 4.5 Regional Communications Infrast
Page 12 and 13: 7.1 Global Broadband Subscriptions
Page 15 and 16: FOREWORD The world is shifting from
Page 17 and 18: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was pro
Page 19: ABOUT THE AUTHORS This report was p
Page 23 and 24: IMT-2000 International Mobile Telec
Page 25 and 26: SIDA Swedish International Developm
Page 27 and 28: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Broadband Str
Page 29: esources to support private supply
Page 32 and 33: health, transportation, energy, and
Page 34 and 35: users, so the speeds advertised by
Page 36 and 37: Figure 1.1 Effect of Various Inform
Page 38 and 39: Box 1.1 continued they did not have
Page 40 and 41: on the employment creation rate. Fo
Page 42 and 43: As broadband’s potential as a GPT
Page 44 and 45: isks associated with cloud computin
Page 46 and 47: individuals generally have a better
Page 48 and 49: Table 1.2 Upstream and Downstream S
Page 50 and 51: Figure 1.3 Global Fixed and Mobile
Page 52 and 53: Figure 1.4 Average Broadband Speed
Page 54 and 55: substantial benefi ts. The use of b
Page 56 and 57: such, the many demand-side componen
Page 58 and 59: Figure 1.6 Examples of the Elements
Page 60 and 61: The Role of Governments in Broadban
Page 62 and 63: state_of_internet_q32010.pdf?curl=/
Page 64 and 65: Katz, Raúl. 2009. “Estimating Br
Page 66 and 67: 1 (May): 7-18. http://www.springerl
Page 68 and 69: of term contract), a pay-as-you-go
Page 70 and 71:
Supply: Reaching Unserved and Under
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cost to be a larger issue. Therefor
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(which will also increase private s
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Table 2.1 Publicly Stated Policy Go
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over other countries. For example,
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secretary housed within the Ministr
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once networks are available. For th
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ollout through regulatory measures
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potential. The same can happen if a
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(and the associated civil works cos
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Table 2.3 Checklist of Policies to
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and medium enterprises (SMEs). Eff
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policies that support and encourage
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and e-education projects relying on
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The principles for estimating econo
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Box 2.4: Expe rience in the Europea
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essential to the fi nancial sustain
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Box 2.5: Munic ipal Broadband Initi
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Measurem ent, Monitoring, and Evalu
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uptake or adoption of wireline and
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Figure 2.6 Wireline Broadband (ADSL
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Competitive broadband markets typic
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Table 2.7 Sources of Offi cial Broa
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International Mauritania Telecom, O
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EUROSTAT (Statistical Offi ce of th
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CHAPTER 3 Law and Regulation for a
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the principles of technology and se
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Figure 3.1 General Elements of a Un
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Spectrum Licensing Regimes The proc
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and (b) spectrum blocks are confi g
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investment and the technological up
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signifi cant strain on available re
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Box 3.1: Summa ry of the Digital Te
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exclusive rights for the provision
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single entity has the ability to co
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data services become increasingly d
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landing in Nigeria, the NCC recentl
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implemented or proposed in countrie
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works). However, in developing coun
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fl exible use of spectrum, such com
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of ICT infrastructure, reducing dup
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working for both divisions) and the
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during congested periods. Another i
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and according to a set of standards
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Similarly, in France net neutrality
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developing those standards. General
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authorities, while others like the
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personal data. Also, due to the cro
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individuals to know when their data
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Freedom of Opinion and Expression O
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commercial vendors have developed p
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An alternative solution involves co
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19. Independent Communications Auth
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Covenant on Civil and Political Rig
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———. 2009b. “Main Elements
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GSA (Global Mobile Suppliers Associ
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Protecting Privacy.” OECD, Paris.
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CHAPTER 4 Extending Universal Broad
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and services throughout the populat
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In Denmark, Canada, and Ireland, go
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Box 4.1: Rural Broadband Connectivi
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Society Universal Access Policy. Th
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• Finland. The government’s app
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Box 4.3 continued lower-than-expect
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defi nitions. 14 The following are
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population, specifi cally because o
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ural pay phones. Since then, it has
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Table 4.3 Competition among Firms f
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simple, transparent, expeditious, a
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governments, and other federal and
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Finance Corporation, have also foun
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support widespread deployment of pu
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for improving, streamlining, or rea
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a manual or handbook for recipients
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Notes 1. An alternative interpretat
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23. Some categories of providers mi
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León, Laura. 2009. “Informe de a
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CHAPTER 5 Technologies to Support D
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The Broadband Supply Chain The broa
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Figure 5.2 Design of IP Next-Genera
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Basic Technologies for Broadband Co
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From a geosynchronous vantage point
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media, but it can often suffi ce fo
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(that is, where the cable makes lan
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F igure 5.4 Internet Protocol Packe
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Box 5.1: Connecting the Maldives to
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agreements. In many developed count
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Figure 5.6 Internet Exchange Point
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The average cost of a backbone netw
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portion of the broadband supply cha
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oadband widely with the reality tha
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and data streams and to route data
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Figure 5.10 Cable Modem Connection
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Figure 5.11 Diagram of Various FTTx
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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multi
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Figure 5.12 Frequenc y Bands Used b
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family of standards. Despite the go
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Box 5.3: Three 3G Technolog ies in
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Wi-Fi Wi-Fi refers to the IEEE 802.
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• Line sharing. The copper local
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spectrum that can be made available
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30. According to the GSMA, “GPRS
Page 275 and 276:
———. 2010. “Annual Report 2
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CHAPTER 6 Driving Demand for Broadb
Page 279 and 280:
Figure 6.1 The Three Pillars of Fac
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Figure 6.3 How People Obtain ICT Tr
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Box 6.1: Sri Lanka’s Approach to
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Table 6.1 Exa mples of Funding for
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Internet access centers in various
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To help SMEs to use broadband netwo
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• Establishing locations for shar
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Figure 6.4 Cost of Us er Devices Re
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A business model that has contribut
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e used between midnight and 5 a.m.
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the basis of household surveys cond
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overall broadband experience (see t
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Table 6.2 Subscriptions to Bu ndled
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that since 2005 many countries have
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In addition, a greater range of ser
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services as a result. As applicatio
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ising to 40 Mbit/s (Indosat 2010).
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such as Flat World Knowledge’s op
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Figure 6.6 Number of Internet Users
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8. ITU, “Connect a School, Connec
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Press_Releases/2010/8/Indonesia_Bra
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Hernandez, Janet, Daniel Leza, and
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Stats).” Institute for Statistics
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Figure 7.1 Global Broadband Subscri
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Box 7.2: The 10 WSIS Targets Connec
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deploy any wireline infrastructure.
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Figure 7.4 Broadband and Human Deve
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Box 7.3 continued “It is not an e
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Malaysia’s 2006 Information, Comm
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2009). Results of the study were is
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For the countries of Latin America
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wireline telephone network (measure
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able to deploy local access broadba
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development due to a wide range of
Page 348 and 349:
In Afghanistan, for example, years
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320 Table 7.2 Examples of Policies
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networking services. At the other e
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Morocco Mor occo is a lower-middle-
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The deployment of a second submarin
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E-government initiatives have been
Page 360 and 361:
variety of technologies, aff ecting
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Cagatay, Telli. 2011. “Broadband
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Telkom Indonesia. 2010. “Info Mem
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Country Title of the plan Weblink S
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Table B.1 Infrastructure Policies a
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Table B.1 (continued) 340 Supply an
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Table B.2 Services Policies and Pro
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Table B.3 Applications and Content
Page 376 and 377:
346 Table B.4 Policies and Procedur
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References Aphiphunya, Prasert. 201
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Anatel, Brazil, 167-68 ANSI-95, 230
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Chile, 19, 141 bidding for subsidie
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data caps, 267, 270-71 data control
Page 386 and 387:
economies of scale, 121 ecosystem m
Page 388 and 389:
freedom of opinion and expression,
Page 390 and 391:
individual users, and access to bro
Page 392 and 393:
Kenya Power and Lighting Company Li
Page 394 and 395:
mobile operators and backbone servi
Page 396 and 397:
policies and policy making (continu
Page 398 and 399:
service contracts, 265-66, 287n20 s
Page 400 and 401:
supply-side components (continued)
Page 402 and 403:
universal mobile service, 317 Unive
Page 404:
ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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