The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900)

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in both the dreams reported by Maury (p. 50, pelerinage - pelletier - pelle, kilometer - kilograms - gilolo, Lobelia - Lopez - Lotto). I know from my work with neurotics what kind of reminiscence is prone to represent itself in this manner. It is the consultation of encyclopedias by which most people have satisfied their need of an explanation of the sexual mystery when obsessed by the curiosity of puberty. [14] The above statements, which when written sounded very improbable, have since been corroborated and applied experimentally by Jung and his pupils in the Diagnostiche Assoziationsstudien. [15] Psychophysik, Part. II, p. 520. [16] Since writing this, I have thought that consciousness occurs actually in the locality of the memory-trace. [17] The further elaboration of this linear diagram will have to reckon with the assumption that the system following the Pcs represents the one to which we must attribute consciousness (Cs), so that P = Cs. [18] The first indication of the element of regression is already encountered in the writings of Albertus Magnus. According to him the imaginatio constructs the dream out of the tangible objects which it has retained. The process is the converse of that operating in the waking state. Hobbes states (Leviathan, ch. 2): "In sum our dreams are the reverse of our imagination, the motion, when we are awake, beginning at one end, and when we dream at another" (quoted by Havelock Ellis, loc. cit., p. 112). - [19] From the Greek Kathexo, to occupy, used here in place of the author's term Besetzung, to signify a charge or investment of energy. - TR. [20] Selected Papers on Hysteria, "7further Observations on the Defence-Neuro-Psychoses," p. 97 above. [21] In a statement of the theory of repression it should be explained that a thought passes into repression owing to the co-operation of two of the factors which influence it. On the one side (the censorship of Cs) it is pushed, and from the other side (the Ucs) it is pulled, much as one is helped to the top of the Great Pyramid. (Compare the paper Repression, p. 422 below.) [22] They share this character of indestructibility with all other psychic acts that are really unconscious - that is, with psychic acts belonging solely to the system Ucs. These paths are opened once and for all; they never fall into disease; they conduct the excitation process to discharge as often as they are charged again with unconscious excitation. To speak metaphorically, they suffer no other form of annihilation than did the shades of the lower regions in the Odyssey, who awoke to new life the moment they drank blood. The processes depending on the preconscious system are destructible in quite another sense. The psychotherapy of the neuroses is based on this difference. [23] I have endeavoured to penetrate farther into the relations of the sleeping state and the conditions of hallucination in my essay, "Metapsychological Supplement to the Theory of Dreams," Collected Papers, IV, p. 137. [24] Here one may consider the idea of the super-ego which was later recognized by psycho-analysis. [25] In other words: the introduction of a test of reality is recognized as necessary. [26] Le Lorrain justly extols the wish-fulfilments of dreams: "Sans fatigue serieuse, sans etre oblige de recourir a cette lutte opiniatre et longue qui use et corrode les jouissances poursuivies." [Without serious fatigue, without being obliged to have recourse to that long and stubborn struggle which exhausts and wears away pleasures sought.] [27] I have further elaborated this train of thought elsewhere, where I have distinguished the two principles involved as the pleasure-principle and the reality-principle. Formulations regarding the Two Principles in Mental Functioning, in Collected Papers, Vol. iv. p. 13. [28] Expressed more exactly: One portion of the symptom corresponds to the unconscious wish-fulfilment, while the other corresponds to the reaction-formation opposed to it. [29] Hughlings Jackson has expressed himself as follows: "7find out all about dreams, and you will have found out all about insanity." [30] Cf. my latest formulation (in Zeitschrift fur Sexual-wissenschaft, Bd. I) of the origin of hysterical symptoms in the treatise on "Hysterical Phantasies and their Relation to Bisexuality," Collected Papers, II, p. 51. This forms chapter X of Selected Papers on Hysteria, p. 115 above. [31] This idea has been borrowed from the theory of sleep of Liebault, who revived hypnotic research in modern times (Du Sommeil provoque,
etc., Paris [1889]). [32] A dream is the beginning of wakening. [33] Is this the only function which we can attribute to dreams? I know of no other. A. Maeder, to be sure, has endeavoured to claim for the dream yet other secondary functions. He started from the just observation that many dreams contain attempts to provide solutions of conflicts, which are afterwards actually carried through. They thus behave like preparatory practice for waking activities. He therefore drew a parallel between dreaming and the play of animals and children, which is to be conceived as a training of the inherited instincts, and a preparation for their later serious activity, thus setting up a fonction ludique for the dream. A little while before Maeder, Alfred Adler likewise emphasized the function of thinking ahead in the dream. (An analysis which I published in 1905 contained a dream which may be conceived as a resolution-dream, which was repeated night after night until it was realized.) [34] General Introduction to Psycho-Analysis, p. 534 below. [35] This material has since been provided in abundance by the literature of psycho-analysis. [36] The emphasis [on 'parties'] is my own, though the meaning is plain enough without it. [37] I did not dare admit it, but I continually felt tinglings and overexcitements of the parts; at the end, it wearied me so much that several times I thought to throw myself from the dormitory window. [38] I will not do it again. [39] Albert never did that. [40] The italics ['very marked cerebral anaemia.'] are mine. [41] We put this case in the file of apyretic delirias of inanition, for it is to cerebral anaemia that we attach this particular state. [42] Here, as elsewhere, there are gaps in the treatment of the subject, which I have deliberately left, because to fill them up would, on the one hand, require excessive labour, and, on the other hand, I should have to depend on material which is foreign to the dream. Thus, for example, I have avoided stating whether I give the word suppressed a different meaning from that of the word repressed. No doubt, however, it will have become clear that the latter emphasizes more than the former the relation to the unconscious. I have not gone into the problem, which obviously arises, of why the dream-thoughts undergo distortion by the censorship even when they abandon the progressive path to consciousness, and choose the path of regression. And so with other similar omissions. I have, above all, sought to give some idea of the problems to which the further dissection of the dream-work leads, and to indicate the other themes with which these are connected. It was, however, not always easy to decide just where the pursuit should be discontinued. That I have not treated exhaustively the part which the psycho-sexual life plays in the dream, and have avoided the interpretation of dreams of an obviously sexual content, is due to a special reason - which may not perhaps be that which the reader would expect. It is absolutely alien to my views and my neuropathological doctrines to regard the sexual life as a pudendum with which neither the physician nor the scientific investigator should concern himself. To me, the moral indignation which prompted the translator of Artemidorus of Daldis to keep from the reader's knowledge the chapter on sexual dreams contained in the Symbolism of Dreams is merely ludicrous. For my own part, what decided my procedure was solely the knowledge that in the explanation of sexual dreams I should be bound to get deeply involved in the still unexplained problems of perversion and bisexuality; it was for this reason that I reserved this material for treatment elsewhere. [43] If I cannot influence the gods, I will stir up Acheron. [44] The dream is not the only phenomenon that permits us to base our psycho-pathology on psychology. In a short unfinished series of articles in the Monatsschrift fur Psychiatrie und Neurologie ("uber den psychischen Mechanismus der Vergesslichkeit," 1898, and "uber Deckerinnerungen," 1899) I attempted to interpret a number of psychic manifestations from everyday life in support of the same conception. (These and other articles on "7forgetting," "Lapses of Speech," etc., have now been published in the Psycho-pathology of Everyday Life.) [45] This conception underwent elaboration and modification when it was recognized that the essential character of a preconscious idea was its connection with the residues of verbal ideas. See The Unconscious, p. 428 below. [46] Der Begriff des Unbewussten in der Psychologie. Lecture delivered at the Third International Psychological Congress at Munich, 1897.
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PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION The In
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But the very context to which our s
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such obscure matters may be attaine
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principal town of a district in the
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of things or persons, or isolated p
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4. His neck was lightly pinched. He
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they were related to or rather iden
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dream-interpretation is to trace ba
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commonly very soon forget a great m
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perfectly good faith. The criticism
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It is hardly necessary to cite the
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today; they are repeated at present
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Thus Hildebrandt finds the source o
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groups now appears before our cloud
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The most original and most comprehe
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we ourselves may in dreams experien
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[7]And whatever be the pursuit to w
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[42]For the further literature of t
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achieved. I shall have occasion els
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e eliminated." ... We know, too, pr
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invented such a serious illness for
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unmistakable. I do not wish to asse
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dreams has not long since been unde
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strawberries; so in her dream she a
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they need elucidation - the phenome
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allusions instead of by direct asse
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assimilation based upon the same ae
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discomforts predicted for this marr
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ecause they are torn out of their c
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Analysis In the morning I saw in a
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then established, that of cocaine f
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emained indifferent can never be re
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actual location of this scene was r
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And now, for the first time, I happ
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was discharged because she stole; s
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this compartment, to serve the poss
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Further, since experience in dream-
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organ from which the stimulus proce
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has also taken up elements from my
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even in the dream, for the ease wit
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In a later chapter we shall deal on
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I have never failed to come across
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On another occasion I had an opport
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the concern which has been aroused
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(c) The Examination-Dream Everyone
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as part of the picture or as part o
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[53] Even the large, over-abundant,
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partly responsible for the introduc
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The (elder) brother of the patient
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occasional drink; she herself somet
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patient, ascending and descending,
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expressing in the picture. Here, pe
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to exist for a dream. Dreams are pa
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here combined with the beads of cav
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indistinct part of the dream. The g
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for another. This second kind of di
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"Symbol. Part of a form of type, th
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uncertainties which still adhere to
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(Another dream of the same agorapho
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poires - are the breasts of the mot
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"Nor it is." He himself must be thi
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which raised her feet above the gro
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Another dream of parturition, with
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The transposition into childhood is
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3. Another example displays the ari
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Strangely enough, I once did actual
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holiday. I am driving in a cab, and
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most obvious and most annoying absu
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Thus, my solution of the problem of
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an unreasonable demand, in accordan
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of this patient was awakened by nat
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Page 167 and 168: For it is demonstrably incorrect to
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Page 175 and 176: Painful dreams may also be punishme
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Page 191 and 192: fact that in order to attain consci
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Page 197 and 198: BOUCHE-LECLERCQ, Historie de la div
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Page 201 and 202: LIPPS, TH., Grundtatsachen des Seel
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Page 205 and 206: VYKOUKAL, F. V., Uber Traume und Tr
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Page 209 and 210: AND TOBOWOLSKA, J., "Mecanisme inte
Page 211 and 212: ROHEIM, G., "Die Urszene im Traume,
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The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900)

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