The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900)

[7]And whatever be the pursuit to which one clings with devotion, whatever the things on which we have been occupied much in the past, the
mind being thus more intent upon that pursuit, it is generally the same things that we seem to encounter in dreams; pleaders to plead their cause
and collate laws, generals to contend and engage battle.
[8]And especially the "remnant" of our waking thoughts and deeds move and stir within the soul.
[9]Vaschide even maintains that it has often been observed that in one's dreams one speaks foreign languages more fluently and with greater
purity than in the waking state.
[10]See Vaschide, p. 232.
[11]Vaschide, p. 233
[12]That every impression, even the most insignificant, leaves an ineradicable mark, indefinitely capable of reappearing by day.
[13]From subsequent experience I am able to state that it is not at all rare to find in dreams reproductions of simple and unimportant occupations
of everyday life, such as packing trunks, preparing food in the kitchen, etc., but in such dreams the dreamer himself emphasizes not the character
of the recollection but its "reality" - "I really did this during the day."
[14}Chauffeurs were bands of robbers in the Vendee who resorted to this form of torture.
[15]A sort of relation which is, however, neither unique nor exclusive.
[16]Gigantic persons in a dream justify the assumption that the dream is dealing with a scene from the dreamer's childhood. This interpretation of
the dream as a reminiscence of Gulliver's Travels is, by the way, a good example of how an interpretation should not be made. The dreaminterpreter
should not permit his own intelligence to operate in disregard of the dreamer's impressions.
[17]In addition to the diagnostic valuation of dreams (e.g., by Hippocrates) mention must also be made of their therapeutic significance in
antiquity.
[18]See below for a further discussion of the two volumes of records of dreams since published by this writer.
[19]Dreams do not exist whose origin is totally psychic.
[20]The thoughts of our dreams come from outside.
[21]Periodically recurrent dreams have been observed repeatedly. Compare the collection made by Chabaneix.
[22] ...The observation of dreams has its special difficulties, and the only way to avoid all error in such matter is to put on paper without the least
delay what has just been experienced and noticed; otherwise, totally or partially the dream is quickly forgotten; total forgetting is without
seriousness; but partial forgetting is treacherous: for, if one then starts to recount what has not been forgotten, one is likely to supplement from the
imagination the incoherent and disjointed fragments provided by the memory.... unconsciously one becomes an artist, and the story, repeated
from time to time, imposes itself on the belief of its author, who, in good faith, tells it as authentic fact, regularly established according to proper
methods....
[23]Silberer has shown by excellent examples how in the state of falling asleep even abstract thoughts may be changed into visible plastic images,
which, of course, express them. (Jahrbuch, Bleuler-Freud, vol. i, 1900.) I shall return to the discussion of his findings later on.
[24]Haffner, like Delboeuf, has attempted to explain the act of dreaming by the alteration which an abnormally introduced condition must have
upon the otherwise correct functioning of the intact psychic apparatus; but he describes this condition in somewhat different terms. He states that
the first distinguishing mark of dreams is the abolition of time and space, i.e., the emancipation of the representation from the individual's position
in the spatial and temporal order. Associated with this is the second fundamental character of dreams, the mistaking of the hallucinations,
imaginations, and phantasy-combinations for objective perceptions. "The sum-total of the higher psychic functions, particularly the formation of
concepts, judgments, and conclusions on the one hand, and free self-determination on the other hand, combine with the sensory phantasy-images,
and at all times have these as a substratum. These activities too, therefore, participate in the erratic nature of the dream-representations. We say
they participate, for our faculties of judgment and will are in themselves unaltered during sleep. As far as their activity is concerned, we are just