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314 promoter). Laccase production by positive transformants can easily be detected by converting the colourless substance ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6sulphonic acid)] into a stained compound when it is added to the growth medium of the fungi (Kilaru et al. 2006b,c; Fig. 12). First expression attempts of laccase genes in C. cinerea were done with laccase sequences originating from the fungus – C. cinerea has in total 17 different laccase genes (Hoegger et al. 2004, Kilaru 2006, Kilaru et al. 2006a). Current work in the laboratory deals with expression of laccase genes coming from other species and with identification of new enzymes by modern genomics and proteomics techniques (Hoegger et al. 2007). Other lines of research target at optimizing fermentation processes of C. cinerea in submerged culture and increasing the yields of enzymes in recombinant production. Control Transformant Figure 12: Clones of a Coprinopsis cinerea monokaryon after transformation with a control DNA without extra laccase gene (left panel) and with a laccase gene under control of the Agaricus bisporus gpdII promoter (right panel). Already the young colony of the transformant with the introduced laccase gene (photographed from top, upper right) secretes high amounts of enzyme which stains by conversion of ABTS the agar brown unlike the control transformant having no extra laccase gene (photographed from top, upper left). The cultures at older age (photographed from the reverse) are shown below. The agar is fully stained dark-brown only in case of the clone transformed with the laccase gene (further details in Kilaru et al. 2006b,c).
Literature 315 Alexander SJ, Pilz D, Weber NS, Brown E and Rockwell VA (2002) Mushrooms, trees, and money: Value estimates of commercial mushrooms and timber in the Pacific northwest. Env Manag 30:129-141 Asiegbu FO, Adomas A and Stenlid J (2005) Conifer root and butt rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum (fr.) Bref. s.l.. Mol Plant Pathol 6:395-409 Berne S, Pohleven F, Turk T and Sepcik K (2008) Induction of fruiting in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) by polymeric 2-alkylpyridinium salts. Mycol Res 112:1085-1087 Boulianne RP, Liu Y, Aebi M, Lu BC and Kües U (2000) Fruiting body development in Coprinus cinereus: regulated expression of two galectins secreted by a non-classical pathway. Microbiol 145:1841-1853 Casselton LA and Kües U (2007) The origin of multiple mating types in the model mushrooms Coprinopsis cinerea and Schizophyllum commune. In: Heitman J, Kronstad JW, Taylor TW, Casselton LA (eds) Sex in fungi: molecular determination and evolutionary implications. American Society of Microbiology Press, Washington, DC, pp. 283-300 Chye FY, Wong JY and Lee JS (2008) Nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of selected edible wild mushrooms. Food Sci Technol Int 14:375-384 Deveau A, Kohler A, Frey-Klett P and Martin F (2008) The major pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in the ectomycorhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor S238N. New Phytol 180:379-390 Giovannetti G, Terzolo P and Zingari PC (1998) Exploitation of forest productivity through increased mushroom production. Acta Horticult 457:127-131 Guidot A, Debaud JC and Marmeisse R (2001) Correspondence between genet diversity and spatial distribution of above- and below-ground populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Mol Ecol 10:1121-1131 Guzman G (2008) Diversity and use of traditional Mexican medicinal fungi. A review. Int J Med Mushrooms 10:209-217 Hibbett DS and Thorn RG (2001) Basidiomycota: Homobasidiomycetes. In: McLaughlin DJ, McLaughlin EG, Lemke PA (eds) The mycota VII, part B. Systematics and evolution. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 121-168 Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, Blackwell M, Cannon PF, Eriksson OE, Huhndorf S, James T, Kirk PM, Lücking R, Lumbsch HT, Lutzoni F, Matheny PB, McLaughlin DJ, Powell MJ, Redhead S, Schoch CL, Spatafora JW, Stalpers JA, Vilgalys R, Aime MC, Aptroot A, Bauer R, Begerow D, Benny GL, Castlebury LA, Crous PW, Dai YC, Gams W, Geiser DM, Griffith PW, Gueidan C, Hawskworth DL, Hestmark G, Hosaka K, Humber RA, Hyde KD, Ironside JE, Koljalg U, Kurtzman CP, Larsson KH, Lichtwardt R, Longcore J, Miadlikowska J, Miller A, Moncalvo JM, Mozley-
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Ali Reza Kharazipour, Christian Sch
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erschienen in der Reihe der Univers
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Bibliographische Information der De
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Contents Nina Ritter, Alireza Khara
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IV S. E. Sadeghi et al. Insects ass
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2 1. Initial situation and problem
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4 climate- friendly and resource-ef
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6 Figure 2: Different fractions of
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8 7. Results The following chapter
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10 9. Literature Deppe, H.J., Ernst
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12 Introduction The use of natural
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14 Pilot plant particle board produ
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16 Results and Discussion Mechanica
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18 Figure 4 shows the test results
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20 Conclusion The executed research
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Development and production of innov
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24 Construction Engineering (DIBt)
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26 Production of pilot scaled mediu
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28 N/mm² 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
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30 mg HCHO/100 g 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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32 References Boehme, C. (2000): Ü
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34 Introduction At the end of the l
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36 the genome is not able to rovide
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38 tolerance mechanisms should take
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40 Ma, S. S., Gong, Q. Q., & Bohner
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How does fertilization influence tr
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44 Nitrous oxide Natural sources fo
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46 Therefore methane oxidation does
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48 the use of an autosampler system
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50 variant (140 kg N ha -1y -1) the
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52 CH4-C uptake [g ha -1 y -1 ] 0 -
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54 Loftfield, N., Flessa H., August
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56 Introduction Wood Polymer Compos
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58 Polypropylene is a high-volume,
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60 Sisal 8.43 67 / 12 300 -800 2.9
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62 compounder and the die (currentl
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64 Subsequently in the project desc
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66 References Al-Qureshi H.A. (1999
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68 Mai C, Militz H (2004a), „Modi
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Integration concept of Non Timber F
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72 Introduction This paper gives a
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74 the trees where numbered from th
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76 Due to the strong economical dev
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78 The logging ban of the NFPP had
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80 global level. This means e.g. re
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82 • Plantation conversion • St
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84 • Storm damages (Hainan situat
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86 C Slow transforming Situation: T
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88 References Bennet, M. T.; Xu, J.
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90 Sprenger, T. 2007: A strategic f
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92 Introduction Energy- and matter-
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94 The Boundary Layer and turbulenc
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96 F C = w′ C′ Results should l
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98 Fig. 4: Eddy-covariance measurem
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100 Fig. 6: Bowen ratio for the Bar
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102 Fig. 8: Daily course of CO2-con
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104 Fig. 10: Normalized storage flu
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Criteria for the assessment of fore
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108 conference, the Helsinki proces
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110 Assessment of forest naturalnes
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112 or even impossible to describe
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114 naturalness of the vegetation c
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116 Discussion Knowledge about natu
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118 Hanstein, U. & Sturm, K. (1986)
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The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea
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122 1. Geographical distribution Th
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124 3. Life cycle In the native are
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126 investigating pheromone gland e
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128 9. Conclusions To effectively m
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130 Ito, Y., Miyashita, K. (1968) B
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132 Table 1 Chemical compositions a
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134 Figure 2 Different development
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136 Abstract Secale montanum is one
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138 content so that both freezing i
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140 In all of the experiments, the
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142 Table 3: Analysis of variance e
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144 (a) (b) Figure 4: a) The cold-d
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146 References Barabanova EA, Banni
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148 Touchell DH, Chiang VL, and Tsa
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150 Abstract Bromus L. is one of th
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152 therefore, be very important re
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154 gains in short- and long-term b
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156 B. sterilis species (44.84). Th
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158 ploidy levels showed lower DRL,
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160 Mirzaie-Nodoushan H., A.R. Zeba
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The effects of Poplar clones age va
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164 homogenous material. In this ca
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166 content and press time of 6 min
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168 3- Results Anatomical character
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170 4 5 11 15.9 1474 0.27 29.18 32.
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172 Fig 3: The effect of resin cont
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174 Fig 5: The effect of resin cont
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176 Fig 7: The effect of clones' ag
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178 Fig 11: The effect of resin con
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180 Table 10 - Duncan's grouping te
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182 Increasing resin content increa
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184 particleboard / composite mater
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186 �� In thi
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188 dbh>65cm). The spatial coordina
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190 a b Persentage 90 80 70 60 50 4
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192 Distance between trees were mea
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194 - Shugart, H. H., 1984. A theor
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196 Abstract Termites damage and de
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198 Fig 2- Cut lumber stored in lab
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200 Table 1-Average charge retentio
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202 Demolition average grades No. o
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204 Fig 9-In control samples of E.
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206 Fig 12- Control samples of E. s
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208 Fig 16- Treated with Celcure sa
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210 camaldulensis samples, impregna
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212 Abstract For identification of
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214 Pedology There are 11 types of
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216 5- Seashores up to 1250 meters
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218 The climate of the site of thes
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220 10- Erodium sp. 11- Meidcago sp
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222 Semeng associations(Tecomella u
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224 Figure 10: Calotropis procera,
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226 Acacia tortilis associations: T
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228 7- Calotropis procera Acacia al
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230 Figure 15: Populus euphratica,
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232 8- Lycium shawii 9- Medicago sp
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234 1- Amygdalus iranshahrii 2- Con
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236 Olive associations (Olea ferrug
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238 animals in forest constantly an
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No. 1 2 3 4 240 Forest association
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10 11 242 Acacia nubica A. ehrenber
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Effects of drought stress on Eucaly
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246 livelihood of farmers. The succ
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248 sample were representative of t
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��
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252 Our data, while providing furth
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254 Roozitalab, M.H., National soil
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256 Abstract Iran is a unique count
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258 performed using shoot number, s
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260 Season Time of Treatment (M) pe
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262 Rooting% Fig 3: Rooting of E.gr
Page 274 and 275: 264 References: 1-Assareh, M.H. 199
Page 276 and 277: 266 Abstract Based on outcome of se
Page 278 and 279: 268 categorized as woodlands. Most
Page 280 and 281: 270 country were determined and res
Page 282 and 283: 272 Fig 1: Insect abundance in any
Page 284 and 285: 274 1-Oak 1- 1- Oak gall wasps Faun
Page 286 and 287: 276 and Adeli in 1983 collected and
Page 288 and 289: 278 Table 4- Important poplar pests
Page 290 and 291: 280 Farashiani M. E., Sama G., Yarm
Page 292 and 293: 282 Salehi M. and Babmorad M. 1998.
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Page 296 and 297: 286 dominated the utilisation and a
Page 298 and 299: 288 wind direction is south-west wi
Page 300 and 301: 290 The acquisitions of animals and
Page 302 and 303: 292 The “Treetop-Pathway” (leng
Page 304 and 305: 294 Introduction Plant development
Page 306 and 307: 296 were set to the value of 10, ex
Page 308 and 309: 298 Figure 1. A) Phylogenetic tree
Page 310 and 311: 300 Figure 2. Scales log(2). A) Exp
Page 312 and 313: 302 Schrader J, Nilsson J, Mellerow
Page 314 and 315: 304 1 Abstract Mushroom-forming Aga
Page 316 and 317: 306 One species cultured and eaten
Page 318 and 319: 308 manifold different compatible m
Page 320 and 321: 310 conditions. In ectomycorrhizal
Page 322 and 323: 312 conditions and to introduce in
Page 326 and 327: 316 Standrige S, Oberwinkler F, Par
Page 328 and 329: 318 Rühl M and Kües U (2007) Mush
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