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PRESENTED EY
PUBLISHER.

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fa| Trade Bulletinj
W ,V/ SEMI-MONTHLY "^j
Vol. XXX PITTSBURC.H, DECEMBER l, 1913. No.
MECHANICAL ADVICE
To Be of Real Worth Must Be Practicable
It must come from .1 house whose experience is broad and Seasoned and whose judg
ment has been proved by long yeai nee From the principal officers down, this
Company's working force attain to the highest degree ol individual fitnes
Whatever youi Engineering wants we can serve you
SOMERS, FITLER & TODD CO.
327 WATER ST. Wc Sain ,t Your Patronage PITTSBURGH, PA.
Features of This Issue:
United States Mining Record Broken by 1912 Output
Pittsburgh Coal Company Buys Illinois Collieries Company.
Pennsylvania Coal Corporations File Complaint against Pittsburgh-
Wabash Terminal Road.
Mine Safety President Writes Open Letter to Operators.
Operators Want Old Chesapeake & Ohio Car Distribution K.-stored.
Anthracite Conciliation Board Deprecates Button Strikes.
Lumber Industry in 1909.
Coal Mine Accidents in United States and Foreign Countr
Miners Lecture on Safety Methods.
Trainmen are Granted an Advance in Wages.
Safety in Tunnelling.
Indispensability and Purpose of the Commissary Store.
Tennessee Mine Owners are Notified of New Law.
Governor Tener Names Mine Commissioners.
Vital Issues of Mining are Discussed in Plain Talk.

Till-: COAI I R \i*i- I'M LETIN
1
DOUBLEDAY-HILL ELECTRIC CO.
HO-TSI MORRT. ,vvi:„ PITTSI1UROH, PA.
ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES AND MACHINERY
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Costs No More Than Inferior Grades.
FOR MI X ES
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Make Twice Over
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Wires and Cables.
We Manufacture High Grade Armature and Field Coils, |
Commutators, Trolley Wheels
One of the Largest Stocks in the World
LOWEST PRICES QUALITY CONSIDERED
COAL AND COKE BONDS
ELLSWORTH COAL CO. 5«, Serial.
YOUGH-MON COAL CO. 5a, Serial.
COMMERCIAL COAL CO. 5a, Serial.
FAIRMONT COAL CO. 1st 5a, 1931.
RAIL & RIVER COAL CO. lat 5a, 1938.
PITTSBURGH COAL CO. 5a, i All IMUM).
H. C. FRICK (K1 CO. lat 5», Serial.
PITTSBURGH-BUFFALO CO. Ut 5a, 1929.
JAMISON COAL & COKE CO. 5., lAll laauea).
THOMPSON-* ONNELLSVILLE COKE CO. 8a, 1931.
PITTSBl RGH-WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 5i, 1947.
CONSOLIDATION COAL ( O. ut & Ref. 5., 1950.
PI 1 rSBURCH Sc WESTMORELAND COAL CO. 5a, 1925.
The '.qUove -'tftRresenta MONONGAHELA ii partial RIVER list of CONS. Ihe coal COAL and & COKE col e securities CO. 6a, 1949. in which we are
tradiftj.: from.time to time. We will be pleased to furnish quotations or statistical
information,-?.! other aecurities, and invite inquiries and correspondence.
HFTdljlDrftCD.
SINGER BUILDING
NEW YORK
COLUMBIA BANK BLDG.,
PIIISBURGH

COAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, DECEMBER 1, 1913 No. 1
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MO.NTHLI.
Copyrighted, 1912, by THE COAL TBADB COMPANY.
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
926 930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered nt the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE WEATHEK MAX HAS HANDED SOME AWFUL
JOLTS to the coal trade during the month just
closed and as a result that absolutely rigid state
so noticeable at mid-November is lacking at this
time. The storm that played havoc with the lake
shipping early in the month was the first jolt and
this was followed during the fortnight just ended
by weather that savored much of late summer.
The net result was that the trade suffered some­
what of a stagnation that still is felt and that
practically cut off the big premiums that con­
sumers had been willing to pay to get fuel needs
supplied. That this condition is due in a mea­
sure to an attack of "cold feet" may be questioned
by some, but the very fact that distributing cen­
ters in the northwest and at upper lake ports do
not have nearly as much coal in storage as they
should have at this time seems to bear out the and labor are in fair supply and but little is
statement.
Reports are that lake shippers still have car­
goes to go up the lakes and the announcement of
'underwriters that they will continue to insure
vessels and cargoes clearing up to Dec. 8 indicate
that the shippers mean to get this product to mar­
ket. Coal men who have visited upper lake
ports are authority for the statement that some
docks have only about half the supply they
should have and this may be one of the factors
that is causing producers to send cargoes on their
v. ay with December storms in prospect.
The car shortage which appeared in October and
carried over into November has disappeared once
more and now surplus cais are reported. This
would indicate a let down in industrial lines in
seme measure and a consequent lessened consump­
tion of fuel. Tlie labor situation is less trouble­
some than a fortnight ago, when all phases of it-
are taken into consideration.
The Pittsburgh district shows the effects of the
weather man's activities and in consequence in­
quiries for coal are not so insistent as they were
at mid-month. Some way the idea has gotten
out among consumers that they can get coal at
any old bargain price due to the warm weather
and instead of offering premiums they are ap­
proaching producers with less than caid rate
offers, in other words have turned out as bargain
hunters Their success has been entirely nega­
tive as the producers, while agreeing to pass up
the premium idea are absolutely opposed to adopt­
ing the opposite extieme and cutting prices. In­
stead they feel that present conditions are only
temporary and abnormal in large degree, hence
cling firmly to a living price for tonnage. They
know that the least tendency toward cold weather
will start things going at a lively clip and want to
be in position to take advantage of it. Car sup­
ply for rail mines, empty craft for river mines
feared on these scores. Every effort to get con­
cessions in prices has failed and the quotations
are strictly card: $1.30 to $1.40 for run-of-mine
coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for three-quarter coal; $1.50
to $1.60 for in:-h and one-quarter coal and slack
at 90 cents.
350738
Coke manufacturers, for the first time in 1913,
have over 10,000 idle ovens in the Connellsvil'e
region, but even at that tonnage for the week

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
for which last reports are available show a con­
siderable jump over Ibat of the preceding week
despite the reported slackening up of the iron
and steel trade. Spot coke isn't in such con­
stant demand and the tonnage produced is ample
to care for all inquii ies. There seems to be
little disposition on the pait of buyers to con­
tract for 1014 tonnage just now. The constant
price warfare of the past year is still on, the
buyers endeavoring to beat down the price when­
ever possible. With furnace fires going out for
various reasons, prices are kept at card rates:
$2.50 to $2.75 for furnace coke and $3.50 to $3.75
for foundry coke
The anthracite trade has little to distinguish
it at this writing save the lessened domestic
demand, but this will change at the first appear­
ance of steady cold weather. Button strikes
continue to annoy the producing companies and
retard production. Prices are at winter rates.
* * *
REFUSING TO ACCEPT A COMPROMISE UI* THE STRIKE,
unless the union is recognized, puts the miners
of Colorado who arc out on strike on the defen­
sive in every way. The report of the auditors
showing that the average wage was just what the
companies stated it was is another set back for
the strikers. Meanwhile Gov. Ammons, who was
putting forth every effort to bring about a com­
promise, has changed his attitude and has ordered
a strict enforcement of the law. Under the cir­
cumstances, il appears to us. his position is per­
fectly justified and the union bids fair to lose this
strike.
MINER MEMBERS OF THE ANTHRACITE CONCILIATION
HOARD, to a man. voted against the petty button
stiikes in the anthracite fields and thus put the
stamp of official disapproval on the actions of the
men in calling ihese strikes without any cause
and in violation of the agreement. It is high
time something of this kind was done and the
members of the board deserve commendation for
their stand.
>i # *
THE CALL ion THE CONVENTION OF THE MINE
WORKERS has been issued from international head­
quarters and appears elsewhere in this issue ot
THE COAI, TRADE BULLETIN. This convention will
be the first one to come under the biennial clause
of the constitution and one of its important ques­
tions will be the new wage agreement to be ne­
gotiated with the operators. While nothing in
the call indicates just how far the convention is
to go in the matter of demands, the trade as a
whole understands that the delegates will demand
a substantial increase in wages and, at the same
time, a comprehensive size-up of the situation in­
dicates they will not get it.
• * *
THE UNITED STATES BROKE ALL RECORDS for min­
eral productions in 1912, according to the govern­
ment statistics just published. Of the immense
production coal had a goodly share, and a study
of the figures will show the importance of this
branch of the mining industry in this country.
Coal shares with iron the distinction of being
the most important branch of the industry. The.
figures, whieli we present on another page are in­
teresting, to say the least.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ _ _ _ _ _ - ^ _ „__-___„ „ _ _ . _ ^
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS •
~^—~~~~~_~-^------_w,^--~„„-~-_i>.i„
The anthracite conciliation board is doing its
best to put the "button" strikes into the "gob"
and the miner members of the board are cer­
tainly firing some effective shots in the process.
* * *
Coal men don't like the car distribution of the
C. & 0. They much prefer the "good old times"
and haven't hesitated to express their desires.
* * *
The Colorado strike doesn't show many signs
of an end. But both siiles are spilling plenty of
printer's ink to explain just what they want.
* * *
Xow that the call for the miners' convention is
out, the eyes of the coal trade are beginning to
turn toward Indianapolis.
• n »
That pesky weatherman has no business hand­
ing out such unseasonable weather. He isn't any
friend of the coal man.
* * *
Gov. Tener's appointments to the mine com­
mission board certainly look good to tbe trade.
The Susquehanna Trust & Safe Deposit Co. of
Williamsport, Pa., has called for redemption on
this date 14 bonds of the Cochran Coal Co.

)
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 26
CONFERENCE OF COLORADO OPERATORS AND STRIKERS FAIL-
GOVERNOR TAKES DETERMINED STAND AND BACKBONE
OF STRIKE IS BROKEN
At a conference held over Thanksgiving day the
Colorado operators accepted Gov. Ammons pro­
posals for settlement, but the miners held out for
"recognition." The governor then ordered the
National Guard to afford every protection to all
men desiring to work. With an influx of new
men into the mines the union faces defeat. The
backbone of the strike is now broken. In the con­
ference the miners were represented by strikers,
not by their officials.
"The coal strike must come to an end—I care
not by what means. Drastic action is demanded.
If a congressional investigation is the only solu­
tion, then 1 am going to do all in my power to
bring it about immediately. The strike is going
to be settled."
Governor Amnions thus summarized the coal
strike situation Nov. IS following* the receipt of
dispatches from Washington detailing the nego­
tiations opened by United States Senators Thomas
and Shafroth and Congressman Keating with
President Wilson and the secretary of labor, in
which a congressional investigation was urged.
While these steps foi- governmental intervention
were in progress, leaders of the United Mine Work­
ers assembled in Denver to arrange for a series
of meetings to be held simultaneously all over
the state in the interests of a state-wide strike
by allied union craftsmen.
The result of the lengthy conferences between
Colorado's national representatives and the presi­
dent was the issuance Nov. IS of an oi der to
Labor Secretary Wilson, who is in California, to
stop in Colorado on his return to Washington to
investigate conditions in the strike regions.
"1 have worked from every angle I could think
of and from every point suggested by advisers in
efforts to bring both sides in the fight to arbitra­
tion," says Governor Amnions. "Yet they are
apparently as far away from arbitration now as
when the strike was first called.
"I have two committees at work making investi­
gations into the merits of claims advanced by both
sides. They will make reports and if then the
contestants
REFUSE TO ARBITRATE
I'll hesitate at nothing to force a settling of the
strike."
The calling of an extra session to pass a com­
pulsory arbitration act. which would become
effective immediately through the insertion of a
public safety clause, has been given serious con-
sideration by the governor and letters have been
sent to members of the Nineteenth general assem­
bly asking their opinions as to tbe wisdom of tin 1
plan. Replies are expected within a short time.
"I have been in constant touch with Colorado's
senators and national representatives, of course,"
says Governor Ammons, "and we concur in the
opinion that while attempts are being made to
bring the strike to a peaceable settlemeni, it is
wise to work from the angle in Washington look­
ing toward a congressional investigation at the
same time, and be prepared, if it becomes obvious
that amicable arliitration is impossible."
Nov. 19 witnessed tbe laying at rest all rumors
of a sympathetic strike by Wyoming miners, when
President A. G. Morgan of the Wyoming district
of the United Mine Workers issued the following
statement:
"For some time newspaper stories to the effect
that the Wyoming miners might possibly come
out on strike in sympathy with the striking Colo­
rado miners or restrict tbe sale of Wyoming eoai
have gone the rounds.
"To all inquiriers I might give this reassuring
information. The United Mine Workers of
America (of which the 8,000 Wyoming coal min­
ers are a part) make agreements that cover wages,
hours of labor, working conditions, methods of
adjusting disputes, etc.. with the coal mine own­
ers wherever possible.
"Wyoming is one of the many states in which
Ibe mine owners and the coal miners adjust their
differences in this way. So successful has this
method proved in Wyoming that many people of
our state hardly know that we have coal mines,
many more do not know that there is such a thing
as a coal miners' union in the state.
"The Wyoming coal miners are doing like every
other part of our organization is doing, helping
financially to maintain the Colorado miners; in
fact, we are doing more than our share in this re­
spect, but doing it very, very cheerfully.
"There will be no strike of the Wyoming min­
ers. We are asking that the Colorado coal opera­
tors make an agreement covering wages, hours of
labor, etc., with the Colorado coal miners. If
the Wyoming coal miners'
ORGANIZATION WOULD VIOLATE
their agreement to strike sympathetically with
the Colorado miners it would be the very best
argument in the world why it wouldn't be worth
while to make an agreement with any part of our
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 55)

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CALL ISSUED FOR TWENTY-FOURTH SUC­
CESSIVE CONSTITUTIONAL AND FIRST
BIENNIAL CONVENTION OF THE UNITED
MINE WORKERS OF AMERICA.
Office United Mine Workeis of America.
Indianapolis, lnd., Nov, 25, 1913.
To the Local Unions of the United Mine Workers
of America. Greeting:
You are hereby notified that the Twenty-fourth
successive constitutional and first biennial convention
of the United Mine Workers of America will
be held in Indianapolis, lnd., commencing at 10
a. in., Tuesday, Jan. 20, 1914, in Tomlinson hall.
Article XII of the International constitution
provides the basis of representation and the manner
of election of delegates as follows:
Section 2. Representatives to the International
convention shall be elected directly fiom
local unions they represent, and shall have one
vote for 100 members or less, and one additional
vote for each 100 members or majority fraction
thereof, but no delegate shall be allowed more than
five votes.
Sec. 3. Representation shall be based upon the
average membership of the local for the last three
months upon which payment has been made, previous
to the month in which the convention is
held.
Sec. 4. Local unions organized one year prior
to the date for holding the convention and having
100 members or more in good standing, must 1 e
represented in the convention or pay to the International
secretary-treasurer a fine of $25.00 for
each 100 members in good standing in the local
union, unless exonerated by the International
executive board. This section shall not apply to
local unions whose members have been idle for
one month or more prior to the convention on account
of strikes, suspensions or closing of mines.
Sec. 5. Local unions of less than 100 members
may combine with similar local unions within a
reasonable radius of each other in the same district,
and elect delegates to represent them, but
no delegates so elected shall be entitled to more
than fiv votes in the convention.
Sec. 6. No local union shall lie entitled to representation
that is in arrears for per capita tax
or assessment for two* months preceding the month
in which the convention is held and which has
not in every particular complied with the constitutions
of the International union and of the district
and sub-district to which it is attached.
Sec. 7. Any local union becoming delinquent
must comply with Section 18 of Article 14 and be
in good standing for four months previous to the
month in which the convention is held, before it
will be entitled to representation.
Sec. 8. All newly organized locals must be or­
ganized at least three months and have two
months' per capita tax and all assessments paid
prior to the month in which the convention is
held, before they will be entitled to representation,
unless said new locals are composed of members
from old locals in good standing at the time
the new local was organized. The fact that a
new local is composed of old members must be
attested by the district secretary.
Sec. 9. No person who is not a bona fide member
of a local union employed in or around a coal
mine, < oal washer or coke oven or by the organization,
or who is not a regular attendant of the
meetings of his local union, shall be eligible to
act as delegate. This section shall not apply to
International, district or sub-district officers.
(Note.—The term "regular attendant" shall
mean a member who attends at least one-half of
the meetings of his local union for six months
just previous to the election of delegates. If
transferred members can show they attended the
required number of meetings of the local union
from which they transfer, Section 9 will not prevent
their representing the local union to which
they transfer).
Sec. 10. No appointed employe of the organization
shall be a delegate from any local union
other than his own.
Sec. 11. Any member accepting a position other
than that of a mine worker shall not be eligible
to act as a delegate to any sub-district, district
or International convention, or to represent the
United Mine Workeis in a central body or State
Federation of Labor convention while holding
such position, but accepting a position with the
United Mine Workers or any other affiliated organization
shall not be construed as making a
member ineligible to act as such.
Sec. 12. The International secretary-treasurer
shall furnish the local unions with credential
blanks in duplicate, which must be attested as
required on Ihe blanks. The duplicate shall be
retained by the delegate and the original forwarded
to the International secretary-treasurer,
and no credentials shall be accepted later than 15
days prior to the date for convening" the convention.
Sec. 13. The credential committee shall not.
transfer votes to any delegate unless authorized
by the local union to do so.
Sec. 14. Delegates to International conventions
must be elected at official meetings of local unions
after the call for the convention is received and
lias been read to the local union. The local
recording secretary shall post notices, signed by
himself and the local president, at the mine at
least three days prior to such meetings, stating
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 39)

ANTHRACITE CONCILIATION BOARD ACTS
ON THE BUTTON QUESTION AND VOTE
AGAINST SUCH STRIKES IS UNANIMOUS.
The Anthracite Conciliation Board met in Wilkes-Barre,
Pa., Nov. 15, and took up disputes that
were before it.
The principal grievance before the board was
that of G. B. Markle of Hazleton against certain
employes. The disturbance arose at the Highland
No. 5 colliery of the Markle company. It
appears that on a "button day" three or four miners
were forbidden by union officers to enter the
mines without the emblem of the union. The
Markle Co. claimed the men were in the wrong
and the question was brought before the Conciliation
Board. The following resolution was adopted
by the board by an unanimous vote after the
Markle Co. had given damaging testimony:
Whereas, the testimony' shows that continued
strikes have occurred in violation of the award
of the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission and the
agreements subsequent hereto, and
Whereas, new trouble has been caused by highhanded
and arbitrary action on the part of certain
committeemen in the forcible collection of union
dues in violation of any rights given by the award
or any subsequent agreement, and
Whereas, this action has caused serious loss to
G. B. Markle Co. and loss of discipline in the
operation of its mines;
Therefore, be it resolved, that such company be
directed to take such steps as are necessary to
enforce proper discipline by the discharge from
its service of the parties guilty of causing this
trouble in open violation of the agreement to
which they have subscribed, and
Be it further resolved, that Hugh Gallagher, Patrick
Sweeney and Michael Laputka be directed
to appear before this board at the next meeting
to be held Nov. 17, 1913, to explain their alleged
action in violation of the agreement and the instructions
given to them at the meeting held Sept.
17, 1913.
NAMES OF MINE COMMISSIONERS.
Governor John K. Tener of Pennsylvania has
named three members of the mining commission
that will co-operate with the U. S. Bureau of Mines
in establishing a mining experiment station in
Pennsylvania.
The men named are Mr, Walter R. Calverly,
Windber, Pa.,; Dean W. R. Crane, of the School
of Mines, Pennsylvania State College, State College,
Pa., and Chief of the Department of Mines
James E. Roderick, Harrisburg, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
GOVERNOR HATFIELD WOULD
CLASSIFY MINES OF STATE.
With a view to having stricter supervision of
mines in West Virginia, Governor H. D. Hatfield
is advising with Earl A. Henry, chief of the state
department of mines, in establishing a system of
classification of the mines into three divisions—
non-hazardous, hazardous and extra-hazardous.
The governor's plan is to have inspections of the
extra-hazardous mines often. When the classification
has been established a movement will be
made to have this system used as a basis of liability
to be charged under the workmen's compensation
law, the rates to be fixed in proportion to
the hazard. Coal mine operators who exercise
every precaution to protect their employes will
not be required to pay as great a liability rate as
those who are not awake to the responsibilities the
governor thinks they owe their workmen. Under
the present flat rate no inducement is offered for
the minimizing of accidents.
OPERATORS WANT OLD CHESAPEAKE AND
OHIO CAR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RE­
STORED.
Following a conference between representatives
of the Kanawha and New River coal operators and
President George W. Stevens of the Chesapeake &
Ohio railroad, held at White Sulphur Springs, M.
T. Davis, John Laing and G. H. Caperton, a committee
of the operators, left for New York Nov.
18 to appear before the board if directors of the
railroad to urge immediate action in the improvement
of the car facilities.
The coal operators requested the restoration of
the car distribution system in vogue earlier in
the year, and President Stevens promised relief,
but the operators decided to take the matter before
the board of directors with a view of having the
system restored immediately and other improvements
in the service made.
News dispatches say a 25-foot seam of coal was
discovered at the Locust Spring mine of the Philadelphia
& Reading Coal & Iron Co. at Locust Gap,
Pa., and that output of colliery would be greatly
increased. A seven-foot seam was reported near
Taylorville, near Mt. Carmel, and reports said a
breaker would be built to supply farmers in that
vicinity.
Indictments against six Baldwin-Felts detectives
charging the murder of Pietro Bonelli at the "First
Battle of Mucklow," on Paint creek in June, 1912,
were dismissed in the circuit court of Green Brier
county, W. Va., Nov. 19, nobody appearing to prosecute
them.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LABOR CONDITIONS IN UNITED KINGDOM. was thus an increase of $730,977 per week, as com-
In a recent report issued by the Board of Trade P aled with « 383 - 582 in the corresponding period of
interesting statistics are given, revealing the ex- 1912 - 0f tMs increase, more than half ($474,293)
tent to which the workingmen of the United King- was in the 00al mining industry, while the net
dom have participated in the increased prosperity increase in the building trades was $66,710; engiof
recent years, writes Consul General John I. neering and shipbuilding, $o2,212; textile trades,
Griffiths, London, Eng. There was a general rise W.MG; and iron and steel manufacture (includin
wages during the two-year period 1911-1912, in S P-^ ivon) - $28,255.
an analysis of which is given in the following In the nine months ended Sept. 30, 1913, 6,545
table of weekly changes which makes comparison workpeople had their working time increased by
by groups of trades for 1912 as against 1911: 3,088 hours per week, while 74,543 workpeople had
1911. 1912.
Trades. Workers Net Workers Net
affected. changes. affected. changes.
Building 16,891 +$7,830 95,653 +$40,683
Coalmining 390,793 —46,489 927,293 +374,258
Other mining (iron, etc.) 10,309 — 1.907 20,737 +12,219
Quarrying 6,914 + 968 3,316 + 1,571
Pig iron manufacture 15,962 — 2,547 1S.022 + 12,438
Hon and steel manufacture 43,593 + 8,735 54,791 +36,756
Engineering and shipbuilding 209,484 + 76,997 190,704 + 54,937
Other metal 9,914 + 7,445 18,030 + 12,117
Textile 19,351 + 5,323 341,505 +74,237
Clothing 3,162 + 1,153 3.802 + 1.678
Transport 99,745 +75,493 24,850 +13,704
Printing etc 4,904 + 2,219 5,546 + 1,961
Glass, brick, etc 14,475 + 7,124 13,324 + 5,343
All other trades 24,981 +10,516 23,596 +10,375
Employes of public authorities
Total 916,366 +168,179 1,818,240 +678,400
45,888 +15,319 76,771 +26,123
Reviewing the period 1911-12 as represented in of $540 per week. The net effect of all the changes
the above table, the net weekly amount of the an aggregate reduction of 162,232 hours per week,
advance was $678,400, distributed among 1,818,240 making a net reduction in working time of 159,144
workers; but as many of the changes took place hours per week. The changes in hours of labor
late in the year, the actual rise in wages was, for reported as taking place in 1912 affected 105,317
the 52 weeks, about $14,600,000, instead of the workpeople, of whom 1,013 had their aggregate
$35,276,800 that would have represented the total working time increased and 104,304 had it reduced,
advance had the higher rate been effective for the the net effect of all the changes being a reduction
entire year. of 210,556 hours in the weekly working time of
A study of the fluctuating course of wages for those affected.
the past 20 years reveals three distinct periods of Compared with a year ago, employment at the
falling wages and three of rising wages, the aggre- end of September, 1913, was not quite as good in
gate result of the wage movement for the period the engineering, shipbuilding, and boot and shoe
1893-1912 being a net gain of $2,272,656 per week, trades, and there was a marked falling off in the
or, assuming full employment, $118,178,112 per pig iron, iron and steel, tin plate, worsted, and
year. These figures, although exclusive of the glass trades. On the other hand, printing, woodnet
advance to agricultural laborers, railway sei- working, and pottery showed some improvement.
vants, and seamen, are doubtless somewhat affected Trade unions with a net membership of 942,559
by the recent growth in the numbers employed in reported 21.801, or 2.3 per cent., of their members
the trades covered by the returns. They also fail as unemployed at the end of last September, as
to take into account any changes in rates of wages compared with 2.1 per cent, at the end of Sepwhich
may have occurred in unorganized trades, tember, 1912.
The total number of workpeople whose rates of There was an unusual number of disputes arising
wages were changed, so far as reported, during the during the first nine months of the current year
nine months ended September 30, 1913, was 1,- as compared with the number recorded for the
580,722, as compared with 1,173,786 in the corre- corresponding period of 1912. The total number
sponding period of 1912. The changes arranged of disputes beginning during September, 1913, was
gave 1,517,125 workpeople a net increase of $731,- 124, as compared with 47 in September, 1912. In
517 per week, and 3,597 workpeople a net decrease these new disputes 90,199 workpeople were directly

and indirectly involved, and these figures, when
added to the number of workpeople affected by
disputes which began before September and were
still in progress at the beginning" of that month,
give a total of 131,496 workpeople involved in disputes
in September, 1913, as compared with 27,918
in September, 1912.
During September settlements were effected in
the case of 69 new disputes, directly involving
41,511 workpeople, and 29 old disputes, directly
involving 10,015 workpeople. Of these new and
old disputes 28, directly involving 13,896 persons,
were decided in favor of the workpeople; 29 disputes,
directly involving 20,621 persons, were settled
in favor of the employers, and 41 disputes,
directly involving 17,009 persons, were compromised
without material advantage to either side.
The aggregate duration in September, 1913, of all
disputes, new and old, was 1,449,800 working days,
as compared with 284,400 working days in September,
1912.
TENNESSEE MINE OWNERS NOTIFIED OF
REQUIREMENTS OF NEW LEGISLATION.
Chief Mine Inspector George E. Sylvester of Tennessee
has sent to the mine owners of the state
the following letter calling their attention to the
new legislation enacted by the special session of
the state legislature:
Dear Sir:—I enclose herewith amendment to the
mining laws, passed at the extra session of the
legislature, September, 1913. Only two of the
bills, namely, those pertaining to first aid and
mine rescue are, strictly speaking, mining bills.
The bill relative to a two-week pay-day, although
general in its character, would apply in some cases
to mines and consequently has been included for
your information.
The bill requiring the keeping of first aid supplies,
at mines goes into effect at once. Many of
the mines have already complied with these requirements,
and I would suggest that those who
have not done so give it immediate attention.
The American Red Cross and Johnson & Johnson
both have on the market "Industrial Cabinets" in
a neat and convenient tin box, which sells for
about $6 and meets the requirements of the law.
Any suitable stretcher, whether obtained from
these supply people or made at the mine, will serve
the purpose.
This department is very much interested in the
matter of seeing these regulations carried out in
all cases, and this will be a subject on which the
district inspectors will report at each inspection.
Mine-Rescue Bill: As will be seen there is
nothing mandatory in this bill. It is recognized
by the best mining men that few, if any, mines are
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
entirely immune from the possibilities of a disastrous
mine fire or an explosion.
The value of the oxygen apparatus is also recognized
in such an emergency. The maintenance
of such apparatus must be considered along the
line of insurance; and the object of this bill is
that the state shall assist and co-operate with the
mines in this matter, in order that an effective
organization may be available in emergencies, and
it is hoped that some of the larger mines or groups
of mines will interest themselves in this matter.
The bill has the strong approval of this department,
and I should be glad to take the subject up
in detail with all interested parties.
Very truly yours,
GEO. E. SYLVESTER,
Chief Mine Inspector.
The first of these new laws is an act to require
the operators of coal mines in this state to provide
and keep suitable appliances, bandages, dressings
and medicines for the first aid to the injured in
said mines.
The second is an act to provide for the organization
and maintenance of a trained body of men
for the preservation of lives and tor rescue work
in case of explosion, or other serious mine disasters,
and to provide the conditions, requirements
and regulations under which this organization may
be formed and maintained.
WORK PROGRESSES ON LOOMIS COLLIERY.
Work is progressing rapidly on the new Loomis
colliery of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
Coal Co. Over 40 of the 81 concrete footings for
the new breaker are in position and all of the rest
of the buildings practically are completed. The
hoisting engines at the two main shafts and at
No. 1 slope are working, and the eoal is being
taken to the Bliss breaker two miles away for
preparation.
The buildings of this colliery, all designed by
F. J. Nies, the company's architect, will be the
most modern, the most up-to-date ancl the most artistic
of any breaker buildings in the anthracite
regions. They are all built of concrete and brick,
except the breaker itself, and are all of reproof
material.
An American consul in a European country reports
that an electric light plant in his district,
with a capacity of 4,600,000 kilowatts per year, is
now using lignite but desires to import American
coal and invites quotations from shippers in the
United States. Correspondence should be in German.
Details may be had by addressing the
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Washington,
D. C, and referring to File No. 12,006.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
This miners circular discusses the means of preventing
accidents in driving tunnels, levels and
drifts for mining purposes, such as drainage, transportation
and development, in which the entire
cross section is excavated in one operation. The
precautions apply also to the driving of nearly all
tunnels that are used to carry water for power.
irrigation, or domestic use, because in such work
practically the same kinds of risks are incurred
as in the driving of mine tunnels.
Complete statistics in regard to the number
of tunnel accidents cannot be obtained, but a study
of the data collected indicates that the number of
fatal accidents in proportion to the number of
men employed is somewhat greater than in either
coal or metal mining taken as a whole. The
result obtained by averaging reports, which extend
over periods of 1 to 10 years, for 16 representative
mining and water tunnels was 4.7 deaths
annually per 1,000 men employed, as compared
with 3.73 per 1,000 for coal mining and 4.19 per
1,000 for metal mining during 1911. In addition
to the men killed outright more than three times
as many more (or 16 per 1,000) have annually
been seriously injured or maimed for life, and 13
times as many more (or 62 per 1,000) have annually
been slightly injured by accidents in tunnel
work.
A large number of these deaths and injuries have
resulted from ignorance or carelessness and
COULD HAVE BEEX AVOIDED
by a knowledge on the part of every underground
employe of the proper precautions to be taken and
by strict attention to the observance of these precautions.
This applies not only to the driller or
the mucker but to the foreman and superintendent
as well, for each has his duty to perform, and
it is only by co-operation between all parties concerned
that the number of deaths and injuries now
resulting from tunnel work can be reduced. The
following paragraphs are therefore written directly
to the men interested, in the hope of bringing
home to them once more some of the more important
preventive measures.
The greater responsibility always lies with the
man who has the broader vision and you. the
superintendent, are in duty bound to see that the
working places of your men are made as safe as
possible, regardless of the time required to do so,
and you are equally bound to see that the men
themselves exercise the greatest care and caution
in conducting their work. Do you realize that
accidents are costly, not only in life and limb but
also in actual money? For in most cases an acci-
*Miners Circular No. 13. United States Bureau ol Mines.
SAFETY IN TUNNELING*
By David W. Brunton and John A. Davis
dent seriously hinders the work, even a single
death causing a suspension of operations for two
or three shifts, whereas a larger catastrophe may
cause the tunnel to be shut down entirely for
months at a time, as, for instance, after fire, or
flood, or cave-in. Many such accidents could have
been prevented altogether if even ordinary precautions
had been exercised beforehand. So for
both humanitarian and economic reasons you
should make safety the first and all-important
consideration.
By far the greatest source of danger in tunnel
work at present is from falls of rock. These can
be prevented in a large measure by promptly and
adequately supporting the roof. Insist that necessary
timbering be done at once and always keep
a supply of lumber at hand for this purpose, so
that no delay may ensue for lack of it. True,
timbering is laborious and it either takes the
men of the tunnel crew from their regular work
or requires extra men. If extra men are used
they add to the confusion in the heading, and as
their work is done at the same time as the other
work of the tunnel it seriously hinders either the
drillers or the shovelers, or both. So. although
you may suspect that the roof is dangerous, you
may be tempted to delay timbering—possibly until
an accident brings the necessity forcibly and unavoidably
to the front. Remember that all necessary
timbering cannot be done too soon, and that
any delay seriously
JEOPARDIZES THE LIVES
and limbs of the men who have to work under a
roof improperly supported.
Do not permit any disregard of the proper percautions
in handling, storing, or using explosives,
as referred to herein, and provide each man with
a copy of these or similar precautions.
Provide suitable magazines and thaw houses for
explosives. Specifications for such buildings
recommended by the Bureau of Mines are to be
found in Technical Paper 18, which is published by
the bureau for free distribution.
Have careful tests of the burning rate of the
fuse made periodically, especially whenever a newbrand
is purchased. Different makes and brands
of fuse burn at greatly varying rates, and a miner
accustomed to a slow-burning fuse will perhaps
not realize the necessity of cutting the fasterburning
fuse longer so that he may have time to
reach a place of safety before the detonation takes
place. Experiments conducted by the Bureau of
Mines, and described in Technical Paper 6, show
also that there are several causes that may increase
greatly the rate of burning of the same

and of fuse, and there have been cases where an
injured fuse burned almost instanteously Chiet
among the causes are abrasion, blows, or too great
pressure. Therefore, in addition to informing the
miner as to the normal burning rate of the fuse,
see that fuse is in good condition when taken into
the heading and that it is handled properly after
it gets there.
See that the fuse is properly stored, for a large
percentage of the accidents from misfires aie
traceable to fust that has been damaged in storage.
Never store fuse near boilers, steam pipes.
or other sources of heat where the temperature
is apt to be high. Exposure to heat causes a
marked retardation in the burning rate. Never
store fuse in a cold place. Cold fuse is dangerous.
because cold often causes fuse to crack when being
handled, so that misfires result. Keep fuse dry.
It is very difficult to dry out a powder train that
has become damp, and when the fuse burns the
dampness will be driven ahead of the fire in the
form of steam, so that, even if it does not accumulate
in sufficient quantity to
(.TJEXCH THE FIRE
in the fuse, enough of it may be driven into the
detonator to prevent that from igniting and thus
cause a misfire. Always provide a. dry place with
an even temperature for the storage of fuse.
Do not delay installing adequate ventilating
equipment when harmful accumulations of natural
gases are encountered in the tunnel. This is particularly
important when such gas forms explosive
mixtures with air. In the latter instance, see
that none but safety lamps or their equivalent are
taken underground and that sufficient air is provided
to dilute the gas enough to make it harmless.
Prohibit the men from riding on loaded trips,
ancl whenever possible provide special cars, either
propelled by hand or drawn by a mule or motor.
for their use. Do not peimit the men to jump
on or off moving cars.
If there is a trolley wire or other electrical
apparatus in the tunnel, see that the men are instructed
against the danger of shocks and do not
allow them to carry tools on their shoulders when
passing in or out. Instruct the men, and especially
the foremen, in the proper methods of resuscitation
in case of electrical shock. Methods for
the treatment of such cases are given in detail
in Miners' Circular 5, published by the Bureau of
Mines for free distribution.
See that combustible rubbish is not allowed to
accumulate in the vicinity of buildings or timbering
and that the supply of hay is properly protected
from fire. Do not construct any wooden
buildings nearer than 200 feet to the mouth of
the tunnel unless they are absolutely necessary.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
In such a case provide a separate exit from the
tunnel at least 200 feet away and arrange a fire
door so that the regular exit may be closed from
a distance, in order that the men in the tunnel
may not be suffocated by smoke and gases in case
the buildings take fire. In either case provide
for a water supply adequate for fire protection,
with hydrants and hoses suitably disposed about
the several buildings.
Exercise great precaution in driving toward a
place where you are likely to strike a flow of
water that may carry with it a rush of mud, sand,
gravel, or other debris. In such cases it is advisable
to drive a drill hole at least 20 feet in
advance of the heading to give warning of the
danger before the body of water is broken into by
the full head of the tunnel.
Upon you, the foreman, falls the work of seeing
that the superintendent's orders are obeyed, and
your duty to care for the safety of the men and
to see that they use the proper precautions in
their work is even greater, if possible, than his.
For you are daily in close personal touch with the
men and are the man to whom they naturally look
for instructions and guidance. If you will observe
the following precautions, you will be better
able to fulfill your responsibility for the life ancl
safety of the men under you.
The common practice of overcharging shot holes
is one of the chief causes that combine to make
falls of rock from the roof by far the greatest
source of danger in tunnel work. Extremely
heavy charges shatter ancl crack rock that ordinarily
would stand without risk of falling and
thus render it highly dangerous to the men working
underneath. Of course, it is essential to efficient
work in tunnel driving that the blast should
completely "break bottom" without any need for
a second charge; still you should see that the
smallest quantity of dynamite that will do the
required work is used, at least in the holes near
the roof. niconomy of explosive demands this,
everything else aside; but you should also realize
the dangers of the heavier charges and, when they
are necessary, you should take extra care along
other lines for the safety of the men.
Do you go yourself or permit the men to return
to the face after shooting a round, without thoroughly
testing the roof just exposed by the blast?
Neglecting to test the roof is another great source
of accident. Upon reaching the heading after a
blast, detail at once as many men as may be
necessary to clean down thoroughly all the loose
pieces of overhead rock. Encourage the men to
report to you all parts of the roof that seems to
them unsafe. See that any loose piece of rockis
either pulled down at once or properly supported,
and never take any chances by postponing
the work of timbering, regardless of how pressing

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
other matters may be, because a few minutes'
delay in timbering may mean a loss of life.
It must be admitted that at times even experienced
men believe the roof to be sound, when suddenly
and without warning a large block crashes
into the tunnel. This, if anything, will hie
claimed as a purely accidental occurrence; yet
even the danger from such a block ( which may
have been perfectly sound when first exposed, but
became
LOOSENED BY THE CONCUSSION
of subsequent blasting) in many cases might have
been discovered in time if there had been a systematic
and regular examination' of the entire
roof of the tunnel. For this reason you should
form the habit of examining the roof as you pass
in or out, testing all places that appear to be unsound,
and you should instruct every worker in
the tunnel to do likewise.
It should be said in this connection that "sounding"
a roof is not a proper way of determining
its safety; there are numerous cases on record
where the roof gave a satisfactory sound and appeared
solid even to very experienced men, but
in which a big block or bowlder was actually loose.
A better method of testing the roof, which is
used by many large mining companies and is recommended
by the Bureau of Mines in Miners' Circular
9, "Accidents from Falls of Roof and Coal,"
is to strike it with a pick or heavy stick, at the
same time touching the doubtful piece with the
free hand. If any vibration is felt, the rock is
unsafe and should be taken down or supported at
once. If the rock is too high to reach with the
hand, a stick should be held against the doubtful
piece while it is being struck, ancl if it is loose
the vibration can be felt through the stick.
Provide each man with a copy of the precautions
to be taken in handling explosives, which
are stated below, and see that he reads them.
Never permit even a single disregard of these
rules to go unchallenged and never fail to discharge
habitual offenders.
Don't rely in any degree whatsoever upon the
supposed "inertness" of dynamite, but at all times
use care in handling it.
Don't smoke while handling explosives, and
don't handle explosives near an open light.
Don't shoot into explosives with a rifle or pistol,
either in or out of a magazine.
Don't carry loose detonators (blasting caps) or
electric detonators in the clothing. Carry them
in special boxes.
Don't transport detonators or cartridges containing
detonators (primers) to the heading in the
same box or package with the
SUPPLY OF DYNAMITE
for the round, and do not place them side by side
after they reach there.
Don't tap or otherwise investigate a detonator
or electric detonator.
Don't attempt to take detonators from the box
by inserting a wire, a nail, or any other sharp instrument.
Don't try to withdraw the wires from an electric
detonator.
Don't leave explosives in a wet or damp place.
Keep them in a suitable dry place, under lock
and key, where children or irresponsible persons
cannot get at them.
Don't store dynamite boxes on end, as nitroglycerin
is more liable to leak from the cartridges.
Don't store or handle explosives near a residence.
Don't open packages of explosives in a magazine.
Don't open dynamite boxes with a nail puller or
powder cans with a pickax.
Don't store or transport detonators and explosives
together.
Don't store fuse in a hot place. This will
change its normal rate of burning.
Don't keep detonators, electric detonators, or
firing machines in a damp place.
Don't allow priming (the placing of a detonator
or electric detonator in dynamite) to be done
in a thawing house or magazine.
Don't use frozen or chilled explosives. Most
dynamite freezes at a temperature between 45°
and 50° F.
Don't thaw dynamite on heated stoves, rocks,
sand, bricks, or metal, or in an oven, and don't
thaw dynamite in front of. near, or over a steam
boiler or fire of any kind. Use thawers such as
are furnished by the manufacturers of explosives.
Don't take dynamite into or near a blacksmith
shop or a forge.
Don't put dynamite on shelves or other supports
which are directly over steam or hot-water pipes
or other heated metal surface.
Don't cut or break a dynamite cartridge while
it is frozen, and don't rub a cartridge of dynamite
in the hands to complete thawing.
Don't place a "hot-water thawer" over a fire, and
NEVER PUT DYNAMITE
directly into hot water or allow it to come into
contact with steam.
Don't allow thawed dynamite to remain exposed
to low temperature before using it. If it
freezes before it is used, thaw it.
Don't fasten a detonator to the fuse with the
teeth or by flattening it with a knife; use a
crimper. The ordinary detonator contains enough

fulminate of mercury to blow a man's hand or
head to pieces.
Don't "lace" fuse through dynamite cartridges
This practice is frequently responsible for the
burning of the charge.
Don't explode a charge to chamber a hole and
then immediately reload the hole; the hole will
be hot and the second charge may explode prematurely.
Don't force a primer into a bore hole, and in
tamping the charge use pressure rather than impact.
Don't use a tamping bar as if it were a
javelin.
Don't do tamping with iron or steel bars or tools.
Use only a wooden tamping stick with no metal
parts.
Don't handle fuse carelessly in cold weather, for
when it is sold it is stiff and breaks easily.
Don't use fuse that has been stored or kept
near a boiler, steam pipe, or any other source ot
heat, or that has been exposed to moisture.
Don't use fuse that has been hammered or injured
by falling rocks or from any other source.
Such injury increases the burning rate, and there
have been cases where a fuse damaged in this
manner burned almost instaneously.
Don't cut the fuse short to save time. It is
dangerous economy.
Don't worry along with old broken leading wire
or connecting wire for electric firing. A new
supply will not cost much and will pay for itself
many times over.
Don't explode a charge before everyone is well
beyond the danger line and protected from flying
debris. Protect the supply of explosive also from
this source of accident.
Don't be in a hurry to find out why a charge
failed to explode. In case of a misfire, allow
AT LEAST 30 MINUTES
to elapse before approaching the hole.
Don't drill, bore or pick out a charge that has
failed to explode. Drill and charge another bore
hole at least 2 feet from the missed hole.
Instruct the men in the proper way of preparing
a primer, for many misfires result from the use of
improper primers. Teach them to cut off and
throw away an inch or two of the fuse before inserting
it in the detonator, for gunpowder (which
forms the core of the fuse) easily gathers moisture,
and the end of the fuse may have become
damp enough to quench the burning powder or prevent
the ignition of the detonator. Tnsist that
this cut be made squarely across the fuse with a
sharp cutting tool; if the cut is diagonal the
point may curl over the end of the fuse when it
is inserted in the detonator and thus prevent the
spit of the powder train from reaching the mercury
fulminate in the detonator, and if the tool
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
is dull the powder grains in the end of the fuse
may be spilled during the cutting, thus weakening
the force of the split into the detonator and.
possibly preventing its ignition. Have the men
crimp the free end of the detonator around the
fuse tight enough to hold the detonator and the
fuse together, but not tight enough to cut off the
powder train in the fuse. Insist that they use
lor this purpose nothing but the proper crimping
tool. After crimping, the detonator should be
buried in the end of the stick of dynamite with
its axis parallel to that of the stick and its top
flush with the top of the dynamite. If the detonator
is buried deeper, or if the fuse is laced
through the cartridge, the explosive is liable to
become ignited from the side-spitting of the fuse
before 't is properly exploded by the detonator,
which not only reduces the efficiency of the explosive,
but creates a larger volume of gases, especially
of those gases most dangerous to the men
who must breathe them.
You should also see that detonators of sufficient
strength are used. Although No. 5 detonators
were considered strong enough for "straight" nitroglycerin
dynamite, the less sensitive gelatin
dynamite requires a much stronger detonator to
explode it properly. For this reason you should
never use anything weaker than No. 6 detonators
with gelatin dynamite; the universal experience is
that better results have been obtained with all
dynamites when strong detonators are used.
Warn the men as to any change in the normal
rate of burning of the fuse, so that they may cut a
FASTER-BURNING FUSE
long enough to give them time to seek a place of
safety. You should also see that the fuse is not
handled roughly, especially in cold weather, that
it is carefully protected from falling rock, and
that it is not abraded by the stick tamping the
hole.
Watch carefully for misfires. It is very difficult
to count the number of explosions during
blasting and to be sure that the charges have all
been detonated. For this reason the face, or as
much of it as is not covered by debris resulting
from the blast, should be carefully inspected as
soon as the roof has been made safe and should
be carefully watched during the removal of the
muck for evidence of missed holes. If such a
hole is discovered, under no circumstances should
you permit an attempt to pick out the material.
If no stemming!- has been used, as is often the
case in tunneling, you should insert a stick of
dynamite containing a detonator in the hole and
explode it at once; if stemming has been em-
fln tin- publications of tin* Bureau of Mines the material
packed en a charge in a bore hole is termed "ste-mming,"
and the act of packing the materia] is termed
"tamping." The bureau advocates the use of stemming
in bore holes with all explosives.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ployed, have another hole drilled and blasted at
least two feet from the missed one.
Poisoning from the gases produced by explosives
is common in tunnel work. You are no doubt
familiar with the symptoms. When the effect
of the gases is mild, it is usually called "powder
headache" and causes little more than temporary
discomfort, but in severe cases it has caused death
within a short time. The harmful gases resulting
from the complete detonation of gelatin dynamite
under normal conditions are usually carbon
dioxide ancl carbon monoxide. The former, although
it will not support respiration and when
present in large enough quantities may cause unconsciousness,
and even death, has no very serious
effects when much diluted, but the latter is
exceedingly dangerous and even very small quantities
of it will prove fatal if breathed for a long
enough time. Fortunately, however, only a small
volume of the more dangerous monoxide gas is
generated when gelatin dynamite, which is the
explosive almost always chosen for tunnel work,
is properly used. But if the dynamite is
NOT COMPLETELY DETONATED
(either through the use of too weak a detonator
or from any other cause), and especially when it
burns rather than explodes, a much greater volume
of the monoxide is formed and, in addition,
a number of other harmful gases are developed,
among which should be mentioned the deadly peroxide
of nitrogen. It is therefore of the greatest
importance that you use only detonators of sufficient
strength to explode the dynamite completely
and that you take evei y precaution to prevent the
dynamite from taking fire from the side spitting
of the fuse or in any other manner.
The deadliness of the gases resulting from explosives
improperly detonated may be illustrated
by describing an accident that is known to have
cost nine lives in a government tunnel. A study
of the circumstances, as described to the writers,
indicates that the explosive, or a large part of it
at least, must have burned rather than detonated.
Gelatin dynamite was employed and the charge
was even smaller than in previous blasts of which
the men had inhaled the fumes without serious
effects, but in this case the fumes are described
by the men as being brownish yellow rather than
the usual grayish or bluish white. After igniting
the blast the men retired about 500 feet to wait
for the smoke to clear, and while they were waiting
the smoke drifted slowly over them and then,
owing to some change in the air current, drifted
slowly back again. The men felt the usual symptoms
of carbon-monoxide poisoning—slight choking,
nausea, profuse perspiration and headache—
but they all revived upon reaching the open air
about an hour and a half after the blast was fired.
Within a short time, however, (and in one case
liefore the man could walk to the bunk house),
the men began to cough up bloody mucus and exhibit
other symptoms of nitrogen-peroxide poisoning.
In less than three days 9 out of the 13
men who had been in the tunnel and exposed to
the fumes had died; the other 4, as well as those
who went in with the motor to bring the men out,
were ill for days and even months after the catastrophe.
The dangers resulting from the presence of natural
accumulations of gas, such as are frequently
met in tunnel work, can readily be prevented by
proper ventilation, although in case the gas is
explosive you should see that none but safety
lamps or their equivalent are used and that no
matches or other means of striking an open light
are taken into the tunnel.
When the presence of gases in dangerous quantities,
either from explosives or
FROM NATURAL SOURCES,
is suspected, you should see that the men are supplied
with fresh air at once, either by opening the
compressed air line or by breaking into the ventilating
pipe, if the current is in the right direction.
Do not knowingly remain or permit the
men to remain in air that will not support a
candle flame, although a man can live for some
time in such air, because there is no way to tell
how much worse the condition of the air may get
after the light goes out.
Keep the track and roadbed in as good condition
as possible in order to lessen the risk of de-
Iailments. Do not permit the men to ride upon
loaded trains unless it is absolutely necessary,
and in such cases warn them carefully as to the
risks being taken. Insist that the men when
riding in empty cars keep their feet and hands
inside of the car and that they watch carefully
for low places in the roof. Never fail to discharge
any driver caught "riding the chain."
Warn the men of the danger of contact with the
tiolley wire. Familiarize yourself with and instruct
the men in the proper methods of resuscitation
after an electrical shock, such methods being
given in Miners' Circular 5. See that the men do
not carry tools or other instruments that are conductors
of electricity on their shoulders or in any
other manner by which they are likely to come in
contact with the trolley wire. Inspect regularly
any cables or wires for electric lights or machines
in the heading, or any other electric wires that
have to be moved frequently, and see that all worn
parts are covered with insulating material or replaced
if necessary. Do not ride yourself or permit
the men to ride upon electric locomotives.
Never permit combustible rubbish to accumulate
underground nor allow candles, torches or

open lamps to be used near hay or other inflammable
substances. Warn your men that you will
discharge at once anyone guilty of leaving candles
or torches burning near timbers; for instance, a
candle that has been wedged between two nails
driven into a post.
Do not permit drunkenness among men on duty,
for this is very often a contributory cause of accidents.
Note the condition of the men when coming
on shift and do not permit even slightly intoxicated
men underground; if such a man is discovered
in the tunnel, send him to the surface at
once. You should discharge those who are habitual
offenders in this respect.
TO THE MINER.
You, the miner, are engaged in a business that
is hazardous under the best conditions. You are
constantly surrounded by dangers, many 0/ which
you are perhaps disregarding daily because you
have become familiar with them and haidened to
them. But you must remember that any accident
caused by carelessness on your part may not
only hurt you but may also injure or possibly kill
one of your fellow workers, in spite of all the precautions
he may have taken for his own safety.
You have therefore not only your own life and
limbs to take care of but you are responsible for
the safety of all the men working near you. Do
not, just because you have been working as a
miner for many years, take chances that you would
be the first to condemn in anybody else. You
may not, know that carelessness is more dangerous
underground than ignorance (for although
the latter is bad enough, it can be cured), and
that you, the miner of 5 or 10 or 20 years' experience,
are more to be feared than a new man, for
you have become hardened to dangers and are
willing to take chances that a new man would be
afraid to take. Do you realize that by far the
greater majority of "accidents" are caused by carelessness
on the part of experienced men like yourself
and that it may be your turn to-morrow or
next week? The only way that you can reduce
the dangers around you is to use extreme care in
doing your own work and to urge every man working
near you to do the same. The following precautions
are those that apply most directly to your
work, but you should also read carefully those intended
for the superintendent and the foreman,
so that you can help them wherever possible in
carrying out their part of the work, for it is only
by co-operation on the part of everyone that the
best results can be obtained.
Do not go back to the face of a tunnel after a
blast without testing the newly exposed roof for
loose rock, for the danger from falls of roof is the
one to which you are most frequently exposed. If
you find any rock that is loose, either clean it
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .35
down yourself at once or report it to the foreman.
Form the habit of carefully examining the roof of
the tunnel as you pass in and out, testing doubtful
places for vibration by the method described
herein. Call the
FOREMAN'S ATTENTION
to any ground that you think should be timbered
or to any timbers that need relieving to prevent
their breaking.
If you have to use dynamite, do so with great
care, using all the precautions given herein.
Never try to scare anyone by reckless handling of
explosives, and do not overlook carelessness or
recklessness in anyone else, for he owes it to you
to be careful, no matter how little he thinks of his
own safety. If it is your duty to assist in the
loading of holes, do this with great care, using
pressure rather than a blow to tamp the explosive
in the hole, and always be careful not to use too
much force in pushing the charge in, for if a cartridge
should stick in the hole and then suddenly
give way you might force it against the bottom of
the hole with enough force to make it explode.
Such care is especially important when you are
pushing a detonator into the hole.
Find out the rate at which the fuse burns, especially
if a new brand is being tried, and see that
the fuse is cut long enough to give you and your
companions time to reach a place of safety. Protect
the fuse from injury from scraping, blows, or
too great pressure caused either by falling rocks
or by the bar when tamping the hole; never use
a fuse that has been thus damaaged. Do not use
fuse that you know has been stored near a boiler,
steam pipes, or other source of heat, or one that
has been exposed to moisture. If you prepare
the primer, use all the precautions given herein.
If you find a misfire in the face, call the foreman's
attention to it at once so that he can have
the charge detonated. Never attempt to remove
the material in such a hole; either explode it with
a primer, or if this cannot be done, drill and fire
another hole at least two feet away. Use great
care in removing any unexploded dynamite from
the muck pile and be especially cautious if a piece
of fuse is seen near it, for this may show that
there is still a
DETONATOR IN THE CARTRIDGE.
Never handle your pick like a sledge hammer;
pull or scrape the material down rather than
strike it with the pick, for in this way you are
less liable to explode a stray piece of dynamite in
the muck.
Whenever you feel that you are breathing any
harmful gases, especially fumes from dynamite
that has burned, try to get to fresh air as soon as
possible; often the quickest way to do this is to
open the compressed air line or to break down the

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ventilating pipe if you know that the current is
in the right direction. Never use anything but
a safety lamp or electric lamp in a tunnel where
explosive gases are known to exist; and do not
carry a match or an open light into such a tunnel.
Never try to ride upon a full car or a loaded trip
unless it is absolutely necessary, for a great many
of the injuries in tunnel work are caused by this
practice. When you are riding on the top of a
load, you are always in danger of serious injury
at every low place in the roof, and if you are riding
between the cars (or any place but the rear
end) you are liable to be jarred from your foothold
and dragged under the cars, also you have
little chance of escape if the car leaves the track.
Even when riding in empty cars keep your feet
and hands well inside and your head low enough
to clear the roof at all places.
If you are the mule driver you will, of course,
often have to ride upon a loaded trip and sometimes
at the front end in order to be near the animal
you are driving; but you should realize the
extra risk of this position and be extremely careful.
You should never ride with one foot on the
bumper and the other on the chain by which the
mule pulls the cars, for the danger of this position
is obvious, and you will be discharged by the foreman,
if he knows his business, if you are caught
doing it. Do not attempt to jump on or off a
moving trip. The chances in such a care of
missing your footing and being caught or dragged
under the cars, or of breaking your ankle or leg
in the uncertain light, are so great that you should
never consider the risk worth taking. The number
of injuries from jumping on or off moving
cars shows only to well that this precaution has
been habitually disregarded.
Take care not to strain or injure yourself in
putting a derailed car back on the track. You
can hurt yourself very easily in attempting to replace
the car without assistance and without using
a jack. Keep your feet and hands in a safe position
so that the car cannot drop on them in case
the block or the
CROWBAR SLIPS
suddenly, and see that the car does not topple
over and crush you against the sides of the tunnel.
Always remember that a shock from the trolley
wire may result in death and that you must pass
within a few inches of it when going in and out
of the tunnel, often when your attention must be
given to your footing. This is especially true
when you are climbing into cars. Never carry on
your shoulders, when you are in a tunnel where
there is a trolley wire, tools or drill steel or anything
that is metal or wet; there is too much
risk of their touching the wire and giving you a
serious if not fatal shock. Do not handle any
electrical equipment unnecessarily, nor ride on
an electric locomotive without permission. Never
cause anyone to receive an electrical shock; it is
never possible to foretell its results. A shock
that would not injure you may be fatal to another
man. In removing and replacing the temporary
cluster of electric lights in the heading, be careful
not to touch any bare or injured place in the wires
and call the foreman's attention to any damaged
place you may find. Learn the proper methods of
reviving a person injured by an electric shock,
as described in Miners' Circular 5, and put them
into practice as soon as possible whenever the
necessity for so doing occurs. If it is your duty
to repair electrical apparatus, see that you are
properly insulated by standing on somethiug dry,
or that the current is cut off and cannot be turned
on without your knowledge; keep your hands and
body in such a position that a recoil from an accidental
shock will throw you clear from any charged
part of the apparatus.
Do not smoke nor throw a lighted match near
any pile or inflammable rubbish, either in a building
on the surface or near timbering in the tunnel.
and do not carry a candle or an open flame near
any piles of hay. Never wedge a candle between
two nails on a post or other piece of timber;
many disastrous mine fires have started in just
this way, and you will be discharged by any competent
foreman if he finds that you have done so.
A man should not attempt to work when he has
been drinking, however little, because he is then
in no condition to go underground. Even a slight
degree of intoxication, that might be unnoticed
by the foreman if the man was working on the
surface, is dangerous underground because the
heat or the lack of fresh air increases the effect
of the liquor. You should never hesitate to report
any intoxicated man you see in the tunnel,
not only for his sake but also because your own
safety, and perhaps your life, may be sacrificed
by his carelessness when under the influence of
liquor.
The many friends of the late John C. Martin will
learn with regret that he has been declared insane
at the time of his death, this verdict being rendered
by one of the surrogates of New York. As
a result, his large estate will be distributed under
the terms of his 1908 will, instead of that of 1912.
The Equitable Trust Co., of New York, trustee,
has called for tenders by bondholders of the West
Kentucky Coal Co., for redemption of sufficient
bonds to amount to $23,777.71, by Jan. 1, 1914.
Francis Tompkins and Harry McAlarney, of
Portage. Pa„ have leased and will operate the
Hughes mine near that place, formerly operated
by the Conemaugh Coal Co.

The Princeton coal mine at Princeton, lnd., Nov.
20 ceased operations as the result of the walkout
of the 14 operators of the coal-cutting machines.
The machines being idle, there is no loose coal to
keep the other miners busy, and they are out,
about 250 being affected. The grievance is being
thrashed out in Terre Haute in a conference between
President Houston, of the Indiana Mine
Workers, and Secretary Phil Penna, of the Indiana
Mine Operators' association.
An increase of 6 per cent, to all workmen now
earning under $2 a day as employes of the Dominion
Coal Co. will be granted Jan. 1 in accordance
with an agreement, announced at Halifax,
N. S., Nov. 19, that has been reached between the
company and the Provincial Workmen's association.
About 10,000 men are involved, including
those now earning $2 or more a day, whose wages
in certain cases the company has undertaken to
increase.
Because the blacksmith did not wear a union
button, although he claims to be a member of the
United Mine Workers of America, about 75 employes
of the Trout Run Coal Mining Co. went on
strike Nov. 15. The strike of 400 men employed
at the Miller shaft over the refusal of the company
to pay the men on the loth and 30th of each
month, is still in progress.
The 200 miners employed in Gaylord mine No.
2, of the Pittsburgh & Cleveland Coal Co., above
Martins Ferry, O., walked out Nov. 2, following
the suspension of several of the cutting machines
at the mine. According to the management of
the mine the men have a rule of their own that if
all the machines cannot work none of them will,
thus the walkout.
Between 800 and 900 miners employed by the
Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corporation at its Rossiter,
Pa., operations, resumed work Nov. 23, after
a strike which began Oct. 22, when the workmen
left the mines in a body over a dispute of IS
months' standing. The miners resumed work
voluntarily, having decided to accept the decision
of arbitrators.
The Union Pacific Coal Co. has announced it
is ready to employ 1,000 additional miners and
laborers at its mines at Reliance, Superior and
Rock Springs, Wyo. The additional men are
needed in order that increased demand for Wyoming
coal, resulting from the strike in the Colorado
eoal fields, may be met.
About 500 miners at the Pittsburgh & Shawmut
operation at Seminole, Pa., quit work Nov. 18 be­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, 37
cause a few of their fellow workmen were nonunion
men. Some of these have joined the union
since, but there are a few hold-outs and the men
declare they will not return to work until every
employe is a union man.
Illinois United Mine Workers have nominated
James Lord, of Farmington, and Joseph Pope, of
Bellevue, for president, and Frank Farrington and
Duncan McDonald for international board member
and secretary-treasurer, respectively. There
are six candidates for state board member and 15
for auditor.
One hundred boys struck at the Stanton colliery
of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co., recently,
because they were ordered to report 15 minutes
earlier. They tied up the mine for a day, throwing
1,500 men idle until they were notified they
would be granted extra pay for the extra time.
The commissioner appointed by the Minister of
Labor. Canada, to decide the yardage dispute between
the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co. and its employes
has rendered a decision in favor of the company
and refusing the men extra payment as
claimed.
An agreement has been reached between the
Big Four railroad and the Indiana Utilities commission
by which the former will take steps immediately
to relieve the congestion of coal shipments
through the Terre Haute yards for Indianaapolis.
The Spruce Valley Coal Co., the Opperman Coal
Co., the D. C. Thomas Coal Co., the Sovereign Coal
Co. and the Spruce-Bond Coal Co., W. Va„ producers,
have signed a wage agreement with the
United Mine Workers. It is the "Paint Creek"
scale.
The referendum vote of the United Mine Workers
of America on the question of continuing the
50 cents a month assessment or the support of
Colorado and British Columbia strikers resulted
in a big majority in the affirmative.
Forty-five thousand coal miners went on strike
in Pas de Calis, France, Nov. 20. The basin miners
demand a workday of eight hours, and Nov.
22 the trouble was settled by the mine owners acceding
to the demand.
The Mound Coal Co., Wheeling, W. Va., increased
the wages of its inside men from $2,262
and $2.64 per day to $2.84 and $2.85 for day men
and from 57% cents per ton to 58 cents per ton
for loaders.
The cases of the leaders of the United Mine
Workers which were to have been tried in the

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Federal court at Charleston, W. Va., Nov. 18, were COAL COMPANIES FILE COMPLAINT AGAINST
continued on order of the Department of Justice. WABASH-PITTSBURGH TERMINAL RAIL­
WAY.
The Heidelburg colliery at duPont, Pa., operated
by the Lehigh Valley Coal Co., is idle. One thou­
The Interstate Commerce commission Nov. 22
sand men and boys went on strike Nov. 20 because received a complaint made by Attorney William
one miner refused to join the union.
S. Moorehead, representing the Pittsburgh & Southwestern
Coal Co., the Pryor Coal Co., the Waverly
Disorders are repcrted again from the Cabin Coal & Coke Co., and the Avella Coal Co., all of
creek field of West Virginia and it is intimated Washington county, against the Wabash-Pittsburgh
the state authorities are considering the question Terminal Railway Co., and some of its connections.
of returning troops to that district.
In the suit the petitioners claim that to get
Daniel L. McCue, of Pittston, Pa., has announced
his candidacy for the international executive
board of the United Mine Workers as the successor
to the late John Fallon.
their coal shipped it must be sent from the mines
in Washington county to a point on the West
Side Belt railroad, a distance of 25 miles, and
then re-shipped to destination. For this short
haul a tariff of 30 cents per ton is charged by the
The 700 miners employed at the Tyler operation railroad.
of the Cascade Coal & Coke Co. went on strike The complainants further aver that the defend­
early in the fortnight because some of tne men reant railroad has refused to grant them joint tariffs
fused to join the union.
to points to which coal operators along the West
Side Belt railroad have joint rates. It is also
Miners at the Big Soldier mine of the Rochester
alleged that operators along the West Side Bell
& Pittsburgh Coal & iron Co. to the number of
line have joint rates to markets of least competi­
300 went on strike Nov. 19, over a dispute on scale
tion which, in order to reach at present, the Wash­
interpretation.
ington county operators along the line of the
The strike of coal niiners at the Berger-Aiken Wabash have to pay 30 cents more per ton on an
mines at Bethel, Pa., was settled Nov. 20, after average to reach.
the men had been idle for more than three months. The petitioners allege that of the 21,600 shares
of the West Side Belt Railroad Co., the Pittsburgh
Two hundred niiners of the Henrietta Coal Co.,
Teiminal Railroad & Coal Co. owns 21,300 shares,
at Dunlo, went on strike Nov. 19 because of dis­
and that the said railroad and coal company is in
satisfaction over pay days.
business along the line of the West Side Belt concern.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN SHIPMENTS. The item referred to as an example is that for.
a ton of coal mined on the West Side Belt line
The following is a statement of coal and coke
and shipped to Depew, N. Y., the rate is $1.25.
shipped from the mines on the Norfolk & Western
while if a ton of coal is mined along the lines of
railway in West Virginia, during the month of
October, 1913:
the W'abash-Pittsburgh Terminal railway and
shipped to Depew, N. Y„ the rate is $1.40.
N. & XV. Field. Coal. Coke.
The complainants also allege that they have
Pocahontas 1,244,484 90,158 been discriminated against in the matter of ob­
Tug River 225,343
taining cars for the shipment of their product.
Thacker 256,801
It is charged that the Wabash-Pittsburgh Termi­
Kenova 86,246
nal Railway Co., especially during March, 1913,
refused to furnish cars to the plaintiffs and that
Total 1,S12,S74 90.15S they were forced to shut down their mines on that
account. It is also alleged that during* this period
cars were delivered to the West Belt operators in
plenty.
The American consul at Madrid. Spain, reports
that the Direccion General de Propiedades e Impuestos
desires bids for supplying the Almaden
mines (lead and antimony), owned by the Spanish
government and operated by an English company,
with mining tools, etc., needed for the year
1914, the value of which is not to exceed $4,560.
All specifications are on file in the Administracion
General de la Minas de Almaden, Almaden,
Province of Ciudad Real. Spain. Proposals must
be submitted by Deeebmer 9.
The Interstate Commerce commission has suspended
from Nov. 19 until March 19 the effective
date of a proposed increase of 32 cents per net
ton on shipments of soft coal from Fleming Mine
and West Mineral. Kan., to South Coffeyville,
Noxie, Wann, Dewey, Bartlesville and Ayetla,
Okla. The present rate is 45 cents and the proposed
rate 77 cents per ton of 2,000 pounds.

Call Issued For Twenty-Fourth Successive Constitutional
and First Biennial Convention of the
United Mine Workers of America.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 26)
that delegates are to be elected on a certain date.
Delegates must receive a majority vote of the
members present at such meeting, and no meeting
other than the one first advertised and called
in accordance herewith shall be recognized as an
official meeting for the election of delegates.
Sec. 15. Local officers failing to read the call
for a convention to their local union, and to post
notices in accordance with Section 14 of this
article, shall upon conviction be removed from
office and shall not thereafter be allowed to hold
office in the organization for a period of two years.
Sec. 16. When any delegate's credential is to
be contested notice of such contest shall be sent to
the International secretary-treasurer not later
then 10 days prior to the date for convening the
convention; but any delegate whose credential is
contested may be unseated at any time during the
convention.
Sec. 17. All resolutions, grievances and constitutional
amendments to be considered by the convention
shall be sent to the International secretary-treasurer
not less than 10 days prior to the
date set for the convention, who will sort and distribute
them among the chairmen of the various
and proper committees.
Sec. 18. Resolutions bearing on different subjects
should be written on separate papers.
Sec. 19. International conventions shall not consider
internal appeals or grievances unless they
have been previously considered by the lower tribunals
of the organization.
Sec. 20. The International organization shall
pay the transportation of delegates to and from
International conventions on the following basis;
Local unions of from 10 to 500 members shall be
entitled to transportation for one delegate and
one additional delegate for each additional 500
members or fraction thereof, provided such fraction
is not less than 25 members. Where local
unions combine, as provided in Section 5, they
shall be entitled to transportation for one delegate
for each 500 members or fraction thereof,
provided such fraction is not less than 25 members.
Where railroad certificates cannot be secured
by delegates, they shall furnish receipts for
far-) paid.
JOHN P. WHITE, Fresident.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
WM. GREEN, Secretary-Treasurer.
FRANK J. HAYES, Vice-President.
River coal shippers sent 640,000 bushels of coal
to southern ports from the Pittsburgh harbor
Nov. 19.
COAL MINE ACCIDENTS IN UNITED
STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
The lack of comparable and accurate statistics
of coal mine accidents in the United States has
led the Bureau of .Mines to collect such data, and
the results of these investigations have been compiled
by Mr. F. W. Horton, in Bulletin No. 69,
entitled "Coal Mine Accidents in the United States
and Foreign Coutries," which has just been issued.
This report shows that during 1912, 2,360 men
were killed in the c-oal mines in the United States
as compared with 2,719 for 1911, and that the
fatality rate was lowered from 3.73 in 1911, to
3.15 per 1,000 men employed in 1912. The report
contains statistical information concerning the
production, the number of men employed and the
number of men killed in each state since 1896.
From 1896 to 1907 the number of men killed per
1,000 employed gradually increased with only slight
fluctuation; the number killed per 1,000,000 short
tons also increased, but the rate fluctuated over a
wider range.
During this 12-year period through 1907, the
increase in the death rate was accompanied by
an enormous increase in the production of coal.
In 1896 the output was 191,986,000 tons, and in
1907 it was 480,363,000 tons, an increase of over
15ii per cent. In 1896 each man employed produced
2.64 tons coal per day, whereas in 1907 the
daily production of each man was 3.06 tons, an
increase of 16 per cent. Since 1907 there fas
been a marked decrease in the number of fatalities
at the coal mines.
This general improvement has been brought
about by a combination of causes, the principal
one of which has been more efficient and effective
mine inspection on the part of the state mining
departments and the state mine inspectors throughout
the country, supplemented by greater care on
the part of both operators and the miners. The
investigative ancl educational work of the Bureau
of Mines has kept both the operator and Uie
miner alive to the various dangers connected with
coal mining, and has shown what precautions
should be taken to avoid these dangers. As a result
of these educational features, mining companies
are organizing safety committees, providing
emergency hospitals, training men in first aid
and rescue work, so that in case of a disaster they
are equipped to cope with any ordinary accident.
The fatality rates in a number of foreign countries
covering a period of 10 years, 1901 to 1910
inclusive, are as follows:
Great Britain, 1.36 per 1,000 men employed; Germany,
2.11; France. 1.69; Belgium, 1.02; Japan,
2.92; Austria, 1.04; India, 0.96; New South Wales,
1.74; Nova Scotia, 2.65, while the rate for the
United States was 3.74. The low fatality rates

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
in the foreign countries may be accounted for
largely by reason of the fact that coal mine inspection
has been in operation much longer than
in the United States. In Great Britain the coal
mine accident statistics have been collected, published
and studied since 1851. France, 1853;
Austria, 1875; Germany, 1S52; and Belgium, 1831.
A chronological list of the more disastrous coal
mine accidents in the United States shows that
275 accidents have occurred since 1S39, in which
five or more men were killed at one time, representing
a total of 6,777 fatalities. Of these accidents
there were 135 that killed from five to nine
men each, a total of 859; eighty-two that killed
from 10 to 24 men each, a total of 1,237; twentyfive
that killed from 25 to 40 men each, a total of
870; eighteen that killed from 50 to 99 men each,
a total of 1,221; eleven that Idled from 100 to 199
men each, a total of 1,534; three that killed from
200 to 299 men each, a total of 695, ancl one that
killed 361 men.
Of these larger disasters gas and coal dust explosions
caused 183 accidents and 5.111 deaths, or
over three-fourths of the total number of men
killed. The next greatest number of deaths were
from mine fires, which caused the loss of 1,082
lives, or over 15 per cent, of the total number
killed, by 33 separate accidents. It may thus
be seen that accidents from gas and coal dust explosions
and mine fires account for more than
90 per cent, of tbe total number of men killed in
these large accidents, although falls of roof, pillars
and wall claim nearly 50 per cent, of the total
fatalities.
TRAINMEN GRANTED ADVANCE IN WAGES.
The arbitrators considering the dispute of the
eastern railroads and the trainmen over the wage
question decided the dispute in favor of the trainmen
recently, the award being* effective Oct. 1,
1913, and the increase amounted to 7 per cent.
The arbitrators' award was arrived at on the
proved claims of the employe that the cost of living
had increased 7 per cent, since the last increase
in wages had been granted.
The articles of award provide that the monthly
pay of employes in the passenger service shall be:
Conductors, $135; baggagemen, $82.50; flagmen
and rear brakemen, $78; brakemen, $76.50; overtime,
per hour, conductors, 45 cents; assistant conductors
and ticket collectors, 35.7 cents; baggagemen,
27.5 cents; flagmen and rear brakemen, 26
cents; brakemen, 25.5 cents.
For the freight service the awards are: Through
runs, conductors, 4 cents a mile; flagmen, 2.67
cents a mile; brakemen, 2.67 cents a mile, any
run less than 100 miles to be paid for as if it
were 100 miles. In way freight pick-up or drop,
mine and roustabout service, same minimum, conductors
are awarded $4.50 a day of 100 miles or
less, lo hours or less; flagmen, $3.10, and brakemen,
$3; overtime to be paid for as time and onehalf.
UNITED STATES MINING RECORDS
ARE BROKEN BY 1912 OUTPUT.
All records have been broken in the great mineral
production of the United States for the year
1912. The boom year of 1907 has heretofore been
considered the banner year of American mineral
output, with a total value of $2,072,666,639, but
even this great figure was exceeded in 1912 by
over $170,000,000. As compared with 1911. the
increase in 1912 is $316,098,198, or 16.40 per cent.
These figures are shown in a summary of the
mineral production of the United States for 1912,
compiled by W. T. Thorn of the United States Geological
survey, now in press.
As heretofore, iron and coal are the most imporatnt
of our mineral products. The value of
iron I pig iron being the basis of valuation) in
1912 was $420,563,388; the value of coal was $695,-
606,071. Ihe value of the fuels—coal, natural
gas and petroleum—increased from $835,231,497
in 1911 to $943,972,302 in 1912, a gain of $108,740,-
S65. Coal showed an increase in value of $69,-
040,SOO, from $620,565,211 in 1911 to $695,606,071
in 1912.
The production of metals increased in value
$186,571,303, from $680,531,782 in 1911 to $867,103,-
085 in 1912. The non-metals increased $129,276,-
895 from $1,246,750,340 ine 1911 to $1,376,027,241
in 1912. The unspecified products including cadmium,
selenium, rutile, uranium, vanadium, and
other minerals, valued at $500,000, increased $250,-
000, bringing the total value of the mineral production
for 1912 up to $2,243,630,326.
The production of pig iron in 1912 gained more
than $93,000,000, or 28 per cent.; ferro-alloys
gained nearly $4,000,000, or about 46 per cent.;
silver gained more than $6,000,000, or 20 per cent.;
copper gained about $68,000,000, or nearly 50 per
cent.: zinc gained nearly $14,000,000, or 44 per
cent.; and aluminum gained nearly $4,000,000, or
47 per cent. Gold, which lost about $3,500,000,
was the only important metal to show a decrease.
Among the non-metals bituminous coal gained approximately
$67,000,000, or about 15 per cent.;
anthracite coal gained more than $2,000,000; natural
gas gained almost $10,000,000, or 13 per cent.;
petroleum gained nearly $30,000,000, or 22 per
cent.; clay products gained more than $10,000,000,
or 6.5 per cent.; and sulphuric acid from copper
and zinc smelters (a product mined as it were
out of the air and changed from a destructive
waste to an absolute gain) increased $1,500,000,
or 55 per cent.

CIVIC FEDERATION WILL DISCUSS REPORTS
FROM ITS DEPARTMENTS AT MEETING
IN NEW YORK.
The fourteenth annual meeting of the National
Civic Federation will be held at New York City
Dec. 11 and 12. The program will include reports
from the various departments of the Federation.
These departments treat of such subjects as
"Workmen's Compensation," "Pure Food and
Drugs," "Conciliation and Mediation Laws,"
"Welfare Work," "Regulation of Municipal Utilities,"
and "Regulation of Industrial Corporations."
The importance and timeliness of discussion on
these subjects are indicated by the following extracts
from a statement sent to the members of
the Federation by Ralph M. Easley, Chairman of
its Executive Council:
The Department on Workmen's Compensation
has a commission of six men making a study of
the operation of various workmen's compensation
laws. Massachusetts, New Jersey, Michigan, Ohio,
Illinois, Wisconsin. California, Oregon and Washington
are states included in the investigations
and visited by members of the commission. Its
report will contain the results of a questionnaire
sent to twenty-five thousand employers and workmen
in twelve states.
It is estimated that there are now four million
working men and women in the United States
having the legal right to be compensated if injured
in industry.
The "ambulance-chasing" doctor who has displaced
the "shyster lawyer," and what must be
done to obviate the necessity of employers paying
to hospitals and physicians 50 per cent, of
the amount received by injured workmen and
their families, will be given due attention.
The main point of interest to the working man
is, how can he be guaranteed his compensation if
incapacitated for life? Should the employer, no
matter how well established, be denied the right to
carry his own risk and compelled to insure? Is
there any proper safeguard against insolvency in
the event of grave disaster to a large plant?
Inadequacy in the laws of states where unscrupulous
employers have evaded their responsibilities
by paying only 60 per cent, of what the
law requires; the importance of having the award
made directly by the employer instead of the insurance
company; the method of insurance—
whether state, individual, mutual, by liability
company, or all four forms; minium and maximum
amount of compensation to be allowed the
injured; necessity for uniformity of cost to employers
between competing states; and the effect
of workmen's compensation laws upon accident
prevention and upon the relation between the em­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
ployer and the employed, together with the views
of both classes, will be covered in this report.
The securing of pure food and drugs for the
American people is one of the most important
questions for consideration today.
At a joint conference between the Department
of Agriculture and the Commissioners of Food and
Drugs of forty-eight states, held in Washington.
D. C, November 14 and 15, 1913, an important
step was taken by the passing of a resolution of
the joint body asking Congress to amend the National
Pure Food Act in the following respects:
By adding a clause which will define food as
adulterated that has been exposed to filth, flies or
other contamination, in manufacturing, transportation
or serving; by striking out of the law
the present guarantee clause on the label of food
and drug products, this having been declared to
be abused to the extent of its being practically a
fraud on the public; and by amending Section 8,
which now provides for the sale of imitations,
blends and mixtures under distinctive names in a
manenr that leads, in many cases, to imposition
on the consuming public. This joint conference
further passed two resolutions, one to memorialize
Congress to empower the Secretary of Agriculture
to promulgate standards of foods which shall have
the force and effect of law, and the other to the
effect that, pending such authority being granted
by Congress, a Committee of Nine be appointed,
three from the National Association of Food and
Drug State Commissioners, three from the Bureau
of Chemistry, and three from the Association of
Agricultural Chemists, the duty of which committee
shall be to prepare standards of rules of guidance,
which all will follow.
The great success of the operation of the Newlands
Federal arbitration act in preventing or
settling strikes on interstate railroads raises the
natural inquiry in the public mind, why can it
not be extended to cover a street-car strike like
this recent one in Indianapolis, where theh situation
became so acute that the government called
out the state militia before a settlement was
effected?
The Federal government can deal only with interstate
questions, but the legislature of Indiana
could enact a law that would operate within the
confines of that state in the settlement of labor
disputes in street-car, gas and electric light companies
in a manner similar to that provided in
the Newlands Act for the settlement of disputes
on interstate railroads. The same legislation could
be adopted by every state in the Union if the people
so determined.
The Department on Industrial Mediation Laws
will report the draft of a proposed bill at the
annual meeting to accomplish that end.
While the Department on Regulation of Indus-

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
trial Corporations is considering the question as
to whether monopoly should be regulated or exterminated,
the Department on Regulation of Interstate
and Municipal Utilities is working in a
field where there is practically no disagreement
with the contention that monopoly is a good
thing; that is, such natural monopolies as street
railway anel gas and electric light companies.
While competition in some form is desirable in
all other fields, publicists and special students of
the question today decry the establishment of
competing street railway lines, gas companies or
electric light companies, but with this declaration
they are also as insistent that there should be
adequate regulation by a public authority to protect
the people from inferior service and extortionate
prices.
The department will report its proposed bill for
regulation by the state of street railroads, gas
and electric light companies and other municipal
utilities, upon which it has been at work for over
eighteen months.
The committee in charge of this work, as will
be seen, represents all interests involved. The
members are: Emerson McMillin, President the
American Light and Traction Company; John H.
Gray, Professor of Political Economy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Milo R. Maltbie, Public
Service Commission, New York City; Arthur Williams,
New York Edison Co.,New York City; Halford
Erickson, Railroad Commissioner of Wisconsin,
Madison; Blewett Lee, General Counsel, Illinois
Central Railroad, Chicago; Franklin K. Lane,
former Interstate Commerce Commissioner, Washington,
D. C; Edward M. Bassett, former Member
Public Service Commission, New York City;
Franklin Q. Brown. Railroad Director, New York
City; William D. Kerr, Attorney, Chicago.
The Department on Regulation of Industrial
Corporations, of which President Low is chairman,
will present a report which will contain
recommendations of some general principles that
it feels should be embodied in any bill passed to
supplement what is popularly known as "the Sherman
Anti-Trust Act." A day will be devoted to
the discussion of vital questions involved in the
problem, such as:
Shall the size of industrial corporations be
limited? If so, what shall be the limit? Is there
a point at which corporations become so large
that they are un wieldly and therefore inefficient?
What answer, if any, is there to the showing of
the Census of 1910 that the output of individual
ownership and small corporations has been produced
at a less cost than in the case of their
competitors, the large corporations? What is the
difference between restraint of competition and
restraint of trade? Granted that destructive
competition is undesirable and uneconomic from
the standpoint of the public, how can competition
be so regulated as to prevent its reaching that
point? Can a regulatory system be devised that
will be effective not only in protecting the public
from the alleged evils that flow from a monopoly
or near-monopoly, but also in preserving the alleged
benefits of such monopoly? Should a manufacturer
be permitted to fix the price at which a
retailer amy sell to the consumer? Is the pricecutting
of department stores and other mercantile
establishments a benefit or an injury to the
public? Is the fixing" of prices or the, limiting of
output by farmers, permissible under the Sherman
Act? Are agreements between organizations of
working men and organizations of employers,
fixing rates of wages, hours of labor and conditions
of work, a violation of the Sherman Act?
If they are illegal, should they be made legal?
Should there be an Interstate Trade Commission,
fashioned after the Interstate Commerce Commission,
which would have power to pass upon
trade agreements, whether of labor, agriculture or
commerce? Should large corporations be compelled
or permitted to take out a Federal license,
their acts to be supervised by an Interstate Trade
Commission?
The Woman's Department, which is a rapidly
growing part of the Federation's organization,
will report on its various activities in its different
branches. An enumeration of the work of the
New York and New Jersey, the Washington, and
the Massachusetts and Rhode Island sections
alone would make an inspiring showing. The
department, however, has eight sections and they
cover a very large range of country and all are
doing useful service.
The developments of the year in Welfare Work,
which have been enormous, especially among large
corporations, will be a part of the report of the
Welfare Department. It will also propose a
permanent exhibit to give to employers standards
that may be followed, as it has been found that
many who are desirous of establishing proper
working conditions have small knowledge of highclass
features now existing in various enterprises.
The tipple and engine house of the Midway
mine of the Cambridge Collieries Co., Cambridge,
0., were destroyed by fire recently, involving a
loss of several thousand dollars.
The Truesdale breaker of the Delaware, Lackawanna
& Western Coal Co., during the month of
October broke all records for production by preparing
108,220 tons of coal.
The marine ways of the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., at Elizabeth, Pa.,
were burned to the water's edge Nov. 17. The
loss will be $1,000.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
INDISPENSABIL1TY AND PURPOSE OF THE COMMISSARY STORE
By B. F. Roden, President of the Roden Coal Company
I am to discuss one of the legitimate departments
of the mining business. A by-product of
mining is the company store. A mining company
spends thousands of dollars in purchasing and
equipping a property; it thus gives employment
to large numbers of men. Is there any reason
why the business of selling necessities and luxuries
to the population thus created, with consequent
profits, should be turned over to outside parties?
1 see no reason if the store is properly
conducted.
I feel that certain things are due the employes,
A high-standard of quality should be maintained.
It is well known that almost every article may be
purchased in several grades. Canned goods may
be purchased, water packed, at a lower price than
standard quality, thus reducing the amount of
solids in a ean. A three-pound can ol tomatoes
does not always represent the same amount ot
tomatoes. This is one method of misrepresentation.
Other methods are: Syrup, supposedly
molasses and cane. We all unconsciously think
of molasses as made from sugar cane whereas it
probably is glucose molasses. Pickles and all
canned goods may be packed with preservatives
injurious to the health. Vinegar may be manufactured
from a barrel, a hose and some acid.
Alabama law provides for full weight sacking of
foodstuffs. These goods, however, may be purchased
out of the state, packed 70 or 80 pounds to
the sack; and are sold by the sack. Where you
have been accustomed to 100-pound sacks—the
weight not being mentioned—you suppose you bu>
100 pounds. Off-grade, damaged or re-manufactured
goods, such as le-dyed ribbons; second
grade cloth as first; poor thread; shoes with part
card-board soles in place of leather; treated
meats; "all woo!" clothes three-quarters shoddy,
and numerous other methods to
FOOL THE PUBLIC
into believing they are securing first quality goods
at cut prices. Commissaries are usually above
such tricks.
Give your customers full weight and good value
at a reasonable profit above handling on the investment.
Reasonable profit is a flexible term.
according to our dispositions. Do not exact the
limit of profit your customer will stand; let him
make something on the trade, then both buyer and
seller are satisfied. We all know the feeling we
have when we make a purchase and later discover
it might have been bought elsewhere at a lower
•Paper read at the Annual Meeting of the Alabama Coal
Operators Association. Marvel, July 26. 1913.
price. Our employes feel the same way if tiie
pi ice is unreasonable.
Department stores rarely handle groceries, as
very little profit can be made on these staples.
Commissary trade is largely on staples, so some
profit must be made on these, if any is to be made.
Goods should be kept in a sanitary condition.
The company, because of its better knowledge of
sanitary principles, is best fitted to give clean,
wholesome food.
Courtesy from clerks is due our customers. Do
not allow condescension on their part because their
work is cleaner. Salesmanship, not comment, is
desired. Some miners have been farmers, small
merchants, or in other lines of work, but have returned
to mining as being more profitable. Some
have accumulated savings, which, with their education
and breeding, make them desirable citizens.
Commissary trade is rush trade, which often
wears on the natural courtesy of the clerk. The
early morning and the late forenoon are the busiest.
Practically all the trading of the day takes
place in three or four hours.
To my mind the practice of paying off daily in
store checks which are redeemable on pay day is
bad. While this saves some little clerical work,
there is quite a loss to the men by having checks
sa handy that
THEY SPEND MORE
than is necessary. There is also a considerable
number of these checks which are lost or never
redeemed. Should these checks be interchangeable
it promotes gambling and drunkenness.
I feel that the operator owes some things to the
public—one of which is not to allow his store
checks to be interchangeable. Aside from decreasing
their value in the minds of the men it
gives an opportunity for the speculator, who can
buy these checks from 60 to SO cents on the dollar
and purchase goods in the store at below cost and
sell to the employe for less than any competing
merchant can buy. Suppose sugar or any of the
staples sold in the store could be bought at from
00 to 80 cents on the dollar; these could be resold
at a good profit at much below cost. This creates
the idea in the minds of your men that commissary
prices are too high; since this speculator can
afford to sell the same articles at 20 per cent, less
than price. This practice puts a legitimate competitor
out of business and places a premium on
the speculator. It is also a boon to the boot­
legger.
At some mines the superintendent, store force
and office force buy checks at a discount to pay

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
their store Dills; this justly creates dissatisfaction
among those not allowed to do the same thing.
I realize that the boarding houses must have some
means of securing their board money. At Marvel
we handle this by having each boarding-house
keeper turn in to the office her charges against
boarders; this
AMOUNT IS CHARGED
the men and credited to the boarding-house keeper.
They then draw checks, bearing their name instead
of using the boarder's checks.
Many managers and store clerks claim they cannot
keep track of their customers's names. This
is largely because they do not wish to take the
trouble. Under these conditions I would strongly
recommend new managers and clerks.
Let us see how the commissaries benefit our men.
In many families, where the man is improvident
or a heavy drinker, though he may be a good
worker when sober, the commissary prevents hunger
and want. His wife can always draw a check
if he has any time in the office. Even should
there be a bi-monthly payday his earnings would
be spent in a day or two, leaving nothing for food
for the remainder of the week. Many of you
have heard wives and mothers say that the commissary
has been a blessing to them. This ability
to secure food and clothing, if the ausband works
even a few days a week, lessens the "loan-shark'
evil.
Much time is saved to the busy housewife by
having the store on the department plan.
As a rule the quality of goods in the commis
sary is better than in the small competing store.
This is made possible by the mining companies
buying larger quantities per month, thus maintaining
fresh supplies. There are certain lines
of perishable merchandise which the small store
doesn't keep because of small or no profit—bread,
meats, vegetables, fruits, ice, pure candy, fish,
fresh eggs, etc. Of course, some of the companies
are near farming districts or towns which enable
their men to secure these things outside of the
commissary. Others, the majority of mines, in
fact, are distant from farming sections or to ,vns.
Unless the commissary provides these articles, the
men must do without. It would be a surprise to
some of our city friends to know that the commissaries
often have peaches, watermelons, canteloupes
and other fruits and vegetables before they
do.
Commissaries pay no rent, do no advertising,
should have no losses on bad credits, and have
SMALL DELIVERY CHARGES,
all of which cost usually from eight to 10 per cent.
of the gross profit; they are thus enabled to give
goods of the same quality at lower prices than
competing stores having the same freight rates.
Unsuccessful competitors have been great agitators
against the commissaries.
The employer gets many benefits from his commissary.
It is a means of getting acquainted
with the men, and by giving a square deal breaks
down that old idea that the mine owner has no
interest in them other than what he can make out
of them. He can make his store prices one of
the attractions of the town.
Garnishments would swamp the companies if
they did not have their own commissaries to provide
the necessities. A garnished man is always
on the move. He seems to get the habit. This
point is so noticeable that many railroads discharge
the chronic garnishee.
Now for a few points for both employer and store
managers on store methods.
Sell your coal at a profit, lose your old idea of
the commissary as your profit-maker.
The federal census report for 1909 shows that
the Alabama mines not making coke only made
1.5 per cent, on the capital invested.
This is ridiculous, especially in a short-lived and
hazardous business.
The same report showed other lines of business
making from 8 to 15 per cent. net.
The eoal mining business is a legitimate business,
selling a necessity; why not secure a reasonable
return on your invested capital?
This report is all the more serious when it is
noted that even the small profit spoken of above
did not include any allowance for depreciation on
mines or equipment. On the other hand, the incomes
from stores and house rents were not included.
This clearly shows where the profit has been
made, if any. Is this necessary or desirable? I
think not.
Display your goods. Counter show-cases are
silent salesmen and big earners. Several trips a
clay are often saved by having goods displayed
In rush hours
CUSTOMERS MAY SEE
and select their goods while the clerk is waiting
on others. This tends to take less of the clerk's
time.
Do not let your goods get shop-worn. Sun,
fles. dust and much handling consume quite a little
profit, as no one wants shop-worn goods. Fresh
goods are the best sellers, with the result that you
are less liable to have odd sizes and old patterns in
your stock. Have a clearance sale at least every
season, as it does not pay to carry over the majority
of season goods. This is particularly important
in the shoe department, as styles change
and our men are quick to learn the latest.
Do not allow the traveling salesmen to do vour
buying. Remember he is the selling end, while

his knowledge of the wants of one mining town
may not fit another. There are some who are not
adverse to overstocking.
Commissary managers are only human; if the
management requires a certain per cent, of profit
on each year's business it is only natural that he
prefer to inventory old stock at full value than to
sell below cost—thus making a poorer show.
Often a new manager finds himself saddled with a
quantity of old stock. If he cleans up this his
first year's earnings may possibly show no profit;
yet, the owner is the gainer, as the old stock decreases
in value rapidly after the first year.
I have known some articles to be kept in stock
and on the inventory as many as ten years at the
original cost when, as a matter of fact, much
could hardly be given away.
The only remedy- 1 know* of for these conditions
is to have the date of purchase put opposite doubtful
articles on the inventory, or, better still to
have personal inspection by a competent higher
official.
Do not look so much at the per cent, of earnings
as compared to sales; lay more stress on the total
net profit. Very often a reduction in price will
increase the volume of sales so that there is a
greater profit on the year's business. This is
the department store method.
Too manj of our sales are staples. These can
only stand small profits. Look into the possibilities
in your store for other lines.
Do not ask your superintendents, mine foremen
or office force to
SOLICIT BUSINESS.
Have it distinctly understood that there is no compulsion
to trade in your store. A man's place in
the mine must not be dependent, directly or indirectly,
on his trade.
Encourage salesmanship by keeping separate
records of each clerk's sales, and pay him accordingly.
By this method the good men do not have
to average with the lazy clerk, and you can weed
out the latter. Cash registers protect honest
clerks and the owners from dishonest clerks. Educate
your customers, by your prices, to buy in
bulk, not for each meal.
Do not substitute, and do not let the houses
from whom you buy substitute. One of the hardest
things we had to contend with was to break
our wholesale men from substitution and overshipment
on orders.
Let us all keep open to new ideas, search for
new devices which will lessen labor and legitimately
increase profits.
I had hoped to incorporate in this paper a table
showing comparative prices on 35 staple commodities
in commissaries and outside stores. Sufficient
time, however, was not allowed me to secure this
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
data. I believe it would show interesting comparisons.
In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the
commissary store is a necessity at a large number
of our mines; but it must be conducted in a
broad-minded manner, and according to presentday
ideas.
*» PERSONAL !•
J-^l--_~-~„„„„--_~-_-_-_^_ „-__~_~ „^__/_iL
A recent addition to the staff of the centrifugal
pump department of the A. S. Cameron Steam
Pump Works, New York, is Mr. C. V. Kerr, the organizer
of the Kerr Turbine Co., and later with
McEwen Bros., of Wellsville, New York. Mr.
Kerr delivered an interesting address with stereoptican
views on "A New Centrifugal Pump with
Helical Impeller" at the monthly meeting of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, at its
rooms, New York City, Nov. 11.
Mr. J. J, Stoker, assistant superintendent of the
Cambria Steel Co.'s mining department at Johnstown,
Pa., has been appointed a state mine inspector
and on the 15th of the present month assumed
the duties of his new position. Mr. Stoker
for the present will take the place of Mr. Chauncey
B. Ross, of Latrobe, who has been unable to
attend to his duties for some time on account of
illness.
Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., has been appointed
Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain,
in succession to Dr. J. J. H. Teall, who retires
Jan. 5 next. Dr. Strahan is president of the Geological
society, and was a member of the Royal
Commission on Coal supplies.
Mr. William H. Godwin has resigned as general
sales manager of the Carnegie Coal Co. and has
associated himself with the sales department of
the Berwind Fuel Co., Plymouth building, Minneapolis,
under Mr. E. S. Kendrick, northwestern
sales manager.
Mr. James H. Sourtielcl, superintendent of the
Quemahoning Creek Coal Co. mines at Harrison,
Pa., has tendered his resignation. He left for
Johnstown to take personal charge of a grocery
store which he recently purchased.
Mr. D. S. Williams, superintendent of the Sunday
Creek Co., at Jacksonville, 0., recently celebrated
the 73rd anniversary of his birth. He is
one of the oldest mine superintendents in the
state.
Mr. George Watkin Evans, consulting coal mining
engineer of Seattle, Wash., has completed the
examination of the Matanuska coal field of Alaska
for the United States Navy.

46
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Stauffer-Quemahoning Coal Co., Listie, Pa.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, J. L. Kendall, of Pittsburgh;
John M, Stauffer, Walter F. Stauffer, ancl
J. R. Stauffer estate,, of Scottdale; E. T. Norton,
of Connellsville, and James S. Braddock, of Mount
Pleasant.
Ennis Coal Co., of Hiawatha, W. Va.; capital,
$150,000; incorporators, Edwin J. McQuail, James
A. McQuail, J. P. Johnson and Florence H. .Mc­
Quail, of Ennis, W. Va.; John J. Lincoln, of Elkhorn,
XV. Va.
West Pratt Coal Mining Corporation, Birmingham.
Ala.: capital, $100,000; incorporators, John
Armistead, president: G. S. Simmons, vice president,
and A. B. Mitchell, secretary and treasurer.
Horse Creek Block Coal Co., Charleston, XV. Va.;
capital, $100,000; incorporators, G. B. Combs. P.
R, Hendrick, A. A. Honaker, O. A. Surratt, T. R.
Farley, John Jarrett ancl G. W. Johnson.
Funk Coal Co., Sutton, Ky.; capital, $25,000;
incorporators, H. H. Funk, Belle Musick, of Toler,
Ky.; A. J. Younce, of Sutton; Thomas West and
J. R. Barbour, of Williamson, W. Va.
Perry Coal & Lumber Co.. Lexington, Ky.; capital,
$1,500,000; incorporators, Thos. J. Hartley, E.
Jenkins, ancl M. J. Barry, of Columbus, O., and
J. P. Madigan, of Cleveland.
Albright Smokeless Coal Co.. Kingwood, W. Vo.;
copital, $850,000; incorporators, Alvin Rice, M. D.
France, E. Hackethorn, J. E. Swain, and L. J.
Peter, all of Akron, Ohio.
City Fuel & Supply Co., Hammond, lnd.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators. Walter Sohl, Paul J.
Parhuhn, Herman Nock, Fred Brueckiier, Lincoln
V. Cravens.
Northern Mining & Fuel Co., Columbus, O.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators. H. B. Halliday, A. T.
Seymour, Lowry F. Sater, C. E. Richards and E. T.
Bunker.
Blackstone Coal Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, J. Wilfred Ely, Jeannette, and Louis
Caplan and S. E. Sheeren, Pittsburgh.
Craig-Gould Coal Co., Brisbin, Pa.; capital, $5,-
000; incorporators, Michael Craig, Frank Craig,
W. A. Gould, T. V. Gould, Brisbin.
Crucible Fuel Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, R. M. Fulton, L. R. Martin and J. A.
Lager, Pittsburgh.
Oak Ridge Coal Co., Indianapolis; capital, $10,-
0C0; incorporators, Robert Hall, M. E. Magg, and
W. E. Linton.
THE PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY BUYS
ILLINOIS COLLIERIES COMPANY PRO­
PERTIES.
F. M. Wallace, of Erie, Pa„ vice president of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co., Nov. 15 purchased at auction
the properties of the Illinois Collieries Co. for
$126,000. The properties embrace nine mines in
Sangamon, Macoupin, Montgomery and Bond counties,
Illinois, ancl 24,000 acres of c-oal land and
are valued at $300,000,000. They have been in
the hands of E. R. Bliss as receiver for some time
and six of the mines are not at present in operation.
The sale was conducted by the master in chancary,
John M. Pfieffer of Sangamon county. The
purchase was made for the Pittsburgh Coal Co.,
which will reorganize the Illinois Collieries Co.
The price paid represented the amount of the re
ceiver's certificates held by the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. and interest.
The Illinois Collieries Co. was formed during
the incumbency of the late Frank L. Robbins,
as president of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., for the
purpose of competing with other Illinois producing
companies in the central competitive field, but
never was a profitable venture, and was forced
into receivership in 1909.
A sum approximating $150,000 will be paid by
Royal Coal Co.. Royal. XV. Va.; capital, $10,000; the Stag Canon Fuel Co. to dependents if Italian
incorporators, Wm. Prince, James F. Prince, L. M. workmen who met death in the Dawson, N. M.,
Prince, E. E. Huddleston, and L, A. Prince, all of mine disaster, according to an agreement between
Prince.
the mine officials and Chevalier de Vella, Italian
Farmersburg Coal & Mining Co., Farmersburg. consul general in Denver. To each widow $1,000
O.; capital, $10,000; incoriiorators, Bert Wood, will be given, while an allowance of $100 is made
Minnie McNeely and Ira Drake, all of Farmers­ for each child. The company has agreed also
burg.
to provide transportation to Italy for all those
The Carson Mining Co.. Oklahoma City, Okla.; who desire to return.
capital, $25,00'); incorporators, John Hart, L. M.
Chief Mine Inspector J. C. Davies of Ohio has
Owen, and D. F. Peyton, of Oklahoma City.
awarded a contract to a Chicago firm for the mine
The Howard Bros. Coal & Mining Co., Wilbur- rescue car authorized by the last legislature. It
ton, Okla.; capital, $1,000; incorporators, John, is to cost $10,000 and is to conform to designs pre­
William ancl Richard Howard, of Wilburton. pared by Mr. Davies.

L
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
THE JEFFREY-DRENNEN ADJUSTABLE TURRET COAL CUTTER
By C. E, Waxbom. Engineer. Columbus. Ohio
One of the most economical and novel cutting
machines which has recently been placed on the
market by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Co. of Columbus,
Ohio, is known as "The Jeffrey-Drennen
Adjustable Turret Coal Cutter." This machine
was designed by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Co.'s
engineers at the request and co-oeration of Mr.
Everett Drennen, manager of the Consolidation
Coal Co.'s mines, Elkhorn division, to meet certain
conditions existing at their mines located at
Jenkins, Ky., and to enable the coal company to
economically mine their coal, also to increase the
quality of coal mined.
The coal seam at Jenkins varies from 6 to 8
feet in thickness, and is clean, bright and free
from sulphur or any other impurities, with the
exception of a strata of shale. The shale is located
at a height of from 2 to 5 feet from the
bottom, and varies in thickness from nothing to
19 inches.
With the customary methods of undercutting,
it would be impossible when shooting the coal, to
prevent this shale band from mixing with the
coal, but by the use- of a machine adapted to cutting
out or removing this shale band before the
coal is shot down, this difficulty is overcome.
The machine is mounted on a turn-table truck
which carries four heavy stands on which the machine
proper is moved up and down, or adjusted
to the desired height at which to cut the dirt seam.
The machine is designed for a minimum height
of cut from the bottom to 2 feet and can be adjusted
to cut in any position between 2 to 5 feet
from the bottom. The raising and lowering of
the machine is accomplished by power through a
disc friction clutch, which enables the operator to
absolutely control the raising and lowering of the
machine to a nicety. The machine can be raised
or lowered three feet in about 25 seconds. The
machine is equipped with an automatic cable reel
which automatically winds or unwinds the cable
Jeffrey Turret Coal Cutter Cutting in the Ribs of a Coal Seam
as the machine is going into or coming out of the
room.
The machine is arranged for self-propelling, and
lias a track speed up to 350 feet per minute, the
speed of the truck being controlled by the operator
through a disc friction clutch, thus enabling
the operator to run at any desired speed from
nothing up to maximum. This is a great advantage
to the operator in going over frogs and
switches, minimizes the danger of derailment, and
consequent delays.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The width over all the machine is 5 feet, length
17 feet, with an 8-foot cutter bar, and height of 5
feet 6 inches.
It has been found that by cutting the coal seam
in the center, it requires only two small shots for
the top, and two for the bottom bench which lessens
the danger of damaging the roof, and practically
eliminates blown-out shots. The machine has
been the means at this mine of giving a cleaner
product of coai, more rapid cutting of coal at less
expense per ton, and a good deal safer method of
mining coal.
The entries of these mines are driven 10 feet and
the rooms 15 feet in width. The operation of
the machine is as follows: when the machine,
which is self-propelled, is moved into the room.
The machine is then started, and the machine
pulled towards the face, forcing the cutter bar into
the coal to a depth of about 8 feet. When the
cutter bar has been reached the full depth of the
coal, the feed rope is attached to an extension arm
which is securely bolted to the lower part of the
truck, the rope being taken around a sheave, and
the end of the rope fastened to the machine proper.
With this hitching the cutter bar is swung across
the face, the speed of the cutter bar being about
32% inches per minute, at the extreme end of
the cutter bar. The cue across the face is completed
when the cutter bar stands at an angle of
about 20 degrees to the left of the track, where
the cutter bar is again automatically locked. The
feed rope is then carried to the machine over the
proper sheave wheels, and attached to a jack pipe
set about 20 to 30 feet from the face between the
track and the left-hand rib.
The feed is then started, and the machine with
truck is pulled back, cutting the left-hand rib,
as the machine is pulled from the face. When
the cutter bar is clear of the rib, it is swung into
Jeffrey Turret Coal Cutter C utting at the Face of a Coal Seam
an anchor 2% inches in diameter is first drilled a central position to the track, the machine low­
in the coal under the band to be cut and about ered, and the self-propelling gear thrown in. The
in line with the left hand rail. An anchor is machine is then ready to be propelled to the next
fitted into this hole, and the feed rope attached. working place.
The machine is then turned on the turret by hand
toward the right hand rib, making an angle of
about 15 degrees with the track, where it automatically
locks the cutter bar in position.
The cutting is done in the shale at the bottom
of the band, with the bottom nose of the bits cutting
into the coal about % inch, which causes the
shale to fall down in the kerf, after which it is
cleaned out and loaded in cars and hauled out of
the mine. This insures an absolutely clean product
of coal.
Some idea of the performance of this machine
can be obtained when it is considered that a 15foot
place can be cut in 11 minutes from the time
the machine enters the room until it is ready to

leave. The machine has cut as high as from 25
rooms in a shift of 10 hours. Since the installation
of the first machine some eight months ago,
the above company have now in operation 26 of
these machines, which in itself is a very good
recommendation for the machine.
During the recent times there have been numerous
suggestions for a safer method of mining coal,
especially in localities where the top is rather
faulty. Several coal companies have adopted the
method of cutting the coal veins in the center, the
object of this being to minimize the danger of
blown-out shots, and to lessen the danger of damaging
the roof, and lo secure increased production
at lower cost.
A mining machine so arranged as to mine the
coal without any time being spent in unloading the
machine from its truck, has a great advantage over
any othar type of machine, and there are several
coal operators in this country who have taken advantage
of this fact, and are installing mining machines
self-contained on the truck. The Jeffrey-
Drennen machine on account of its high speed,
both in cutting adjustment and self-propelling,
lends itself very readily to the most economical
and safe method of mining the coal.
MINERS LECTURING ON SAFETY METHODS.
Mine inspectors, mine engineers, mine bosses
and fire bosses in West Virginia have taken to the
lecture platform.
This is the result of a visit of a number of West
Virginia miners to the United States Bureau of
Mines at Pittsburgh three years ago. These men
were sent to Pittsburgh by the coal operators.
and they were from fields in every section of the
state. They were sent there to learn how to
use the oxygen helmet and then teach others to
use it. They learned all about the helmet, and
they acquired other items of valuable information
that have in a measure worked wonders in the
West Virginia coal fields.
When the miners got back from Pittsburgh the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 4,
their minds that information along this line
should be furnished them. So, now, on a given
night a class will meet and an engineer, a mine
boss or a fire boss will lecture, on some phase of
mine work. After the lecture is over the men
"fire" questions at the speaker and these questions
with the answers finally bring about a discussion
in which nearly every man present will have taken
part before the class is over.
In addition to mine work the men discuss rescue
work and safety devices. Physicians often attend
and instruct miners in practical methods of
resuscitation and other things within the ken of
the doctor in mining regions.
After these classes had been going on for about
18 months mine inspectors became interested, and
now they, too, are numbered among the lecturers.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade are reported expressly for
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, by Joseph M. Nesbit,
Patent Attorney, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for 15
cents each:
Cutting bit for chains of mining machines, C. N.
Barton, Harrisburg, III.; 1,078,082.
Mine pump, Lewis Chadwick, Nelsonville. 0.; 1,-
078,126.
Mine shovel, J. C. Cartmill, Lead, S. D.; 1,078,255.
Mine shot firing system, G. I. Rawson, St. Louis,
Mo.; 1,078,463.
Pick, D. D. Keltner, Des Moines, Iowa; 1,078,585.
Draft appliance for mine cars, Andro Krivonyak,
Saltsburg, Pa.; 1,078,735.
Acetylene miner's lamp, P. W. Lohmann, Worthington,
W. Va., assignor to the Lohmann-Hold
Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh; 1,078,865.
Coke oven, W. M. Person, Sparrows Point, Md.;
1,079,062.
Coke drawing apparatus, John Yahes, Uniontown,
Pa.; 1,079,126.
Self-acting conveyor for coal and goaf-packing
first thing they did was to teach rescue teams, of in colliery inclines of low gradient, Louis Hyve,
12 men each, how to use the oxygen helmet. Now Dorignies, near Douai, France; 1,079.176.
every company in the state has efficient rescue Ash sifter, Newton Benjamin, Elmira, N. Y.;
teams. But that visit to Pittsburgh resulted in 1,079,207.
something more. It caused an awakening among Boxing for coal drilling machines, A. F. Deury,
the miners to the fact that, if they wanted to ad­ Pittsburg, Kansas; 1,079,289.
vance, they would have to be prepared for advance­ Coal breaker, William Lloyd, Drifton. Pa.; 1,ment.
So they concluded that to be helped best, 079,301.
they ought to help themselves. The operators
met them half way. Now, all over West Vir­ The first barge to carry a cargo from New Orginia
mining classes meet every two weeks, and leans to Tuscaloosa, Ala., reached the latter city
it is very seldom a miner misses a session of the at the opening of the fortnight. It was the open­
class in his particular neighborhood.
ing of the Warrior river improvements, whereby
The operators, seeing how earnest the men were the Alabama coal operators hope to get a slice of
in their desire for mining knowledge, made up the fueling trade at New Orleans.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
BIG BUSINESS IN ITS RELATION TO INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY WITH
PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MINING*
By Prof. Charles Richard Van Hise
(CONCLUDED FROM
This brings us to the next point of the discussion—the
forces which have led to combination in
this country. One of these is directly related to
what has just been said. Each step from the loose
association to complete merger was taken to escape
the last decision of the court because ol the
irresistible tendency for co-operation. Germany
ancl England are vastly more fortunate than we are
in this respect, in that, permitting reasonable cooperation,
they have allowed firms to co-operate
without driving them to consolidation. The units
of the various cartels and combinations in these
countries have therefore surrendered their autonomy
to a less extent than the elements of the combinations
in this country.
Other forces which have led to combinations are
tbe desire to eliminate or at least restrict competition,
the desire to limit output ancl divide territory—and
in connection with these the maintenance
of prices. These forces may be legitimate
or illegitimate, depending upon the extent to which
they are carried. Another force strongly influential
in producing concentration has been the profit
of promoters. Regarding the legitimacy of this
force there may be great doubt in many cases.
Limited time, while permitting the enumeration
of these forces, prohibits their adequate discussion;
therefore I shall pass on to the advantages
which result from co-operation, and especially with
relation to the natural resources.
There can be no question that the competitive
system, when unrestrained, is positively opposed
to the policy of conservation. This is true alike
for minerals and timber, but tonight I can only
consider the first aspect of the subject.
The minerals of the earth, and here are included
not only the metallic minerals but the carbon compounds,
required the building of the earth for
their making. Mineral deposits are doubtless in
the process of manufacture at the present time;
but even if so, this is at so slow a rate as to be
negligible. From the point of view of mankind,
the stores of minerals in the earth are deposits of
definite magnitude upon which we
MAY DRAW BUT ONCE
and which by no possibility can be increased. To
illustrate, with regard to the banks of coal, the
situation in regard to this subsurface produce of
first importance for the human race is similar to
that of a man who has a deposit in a bank upon
which he may draw, but cannot by any possibility
increase by a single dollar. He is obliged to make
his existing bank account last throughout his life.
ISSUE OF NOV. 15)
Similarly the mineral resources of the earth must
last throughout the life of humanity.
In this connection it should be recognized that
modern civilization would not be possible without
the mineral resources of the earth—no iron ships,
no metal agricultural implements, no tools except
those of stone, no fuel but wood. Without the
subsurface products of the earth we would at once
return to the material conditions of the stone age.
It is therefore incontrovertible that, from the
point of view of the human race, economic systems
or laws which result in unnecessarily rapid use
of the mineral stores of the earth are indefensible;
but such are the economic theories and laws nowdominant
in the United States. The wastefulness
of the competitive system may be proved with regard
to every product which is taken from the
earth. In a single address this cannot be done,
but I shall mention two or three substances which
illustrate the truth of the above positions.
Lead and zinc in Wisconsin and Missouri are
mined on a small scale under an extreme competitive
system. The losses of these metals in their
mining and metallurgy are nothing short of appalling.
In southeastern Missouri, according to
the late Dr. Bulkley, former geologist of the state,
not less than 15 per cent, of the metal is left underground;
the losses in concentration approach
15 per cent.; the loss in smelting and concentration
frequently amounts to 15 or 20 per cent.,
thus making a total loss of from 45 to 50 per cent.;
in other words, only a little more than one-half of
the lead of the deposits reaches the market. In
southeastern Wisconsin, State Geologist Hotchkiss
reports that the total loss of the original zinc in
the mines amounts to 48 per cent. Again we have
a recovery of a little more than 50 per cent.
These great losses are due to the system of very
numerous small holdings combined with the
COMPETITIVE SYSTEM.
High royalties on the part of the small feeholder
are demanded of the operator. The operators
desire to get large returns at the earliest practicable
moment upon this small investment. In
consequence ore is left in the ground that should
be mined; unnecessary losses take place in concentration,
also unnecessary losses occur in smelting.
The lead and zinc of Missouri and Wisconsin
illustrate the situation for metals, where there is
great subdivision in ownership and operation, and
thus the extreme of the competitive system. In
contrast with this situation, may be mentioned the
Lake Superior iron mines. In the early days of

iron ore mining in this region the holdings were
relatively small. Under these circumstances, according
to Professor C. K. Leith, the losses of
mining were commonly from 35 to 40 per cent, of
the ore. These losses were due to mining the
higher grades in order to get the largest immediate
profit, and also in part to faulty mining. in recent
years there has been a steady tendency to concentration
of ownership of the iron ores, and at the
present time the greater part of the ores are owned
by large corporations able to hold them until such
time as they can be economically used. A number
of these larger corporations own smelting
plants and are holding their ore reserves for the
use of in their own plants. They, therefore, have
every motive for efficiency in mining and economy
in handling. Under present conditions, Dr. Leith
says the
LOSSES IN MINING BiON ORE
in the Lake Superior region are usually under 20
per cent., and 10 per cent, is perhaps a fair average.
With relative concentration of ownership of iron
ore in the Lake Superior region, as contrasted
with subdivision of ownership in the years gone
by, there have been great gains in conservation.
But the most disastrous losses in the mining
industry, so far as the future of the human race
is concerned, are in connection with coal. Holmes,
in a paper upon mineral wastes, presents the facts
in regard to the ruinous wastes of the unrestrained
competitive system in connection with coal. He
says that in the early days of mining, when there
was much subdivision of ownership, that not more
than 30 to 40 per cent, of the anthracite coal in the
veins mined was brought to the surface, leaving
from 60 to 70 per cent, in the ground. He states
that even at the present time not more than 50 per
cent, of the anthracite reaches the surface. The
situation is similar for bituminous coal, but until
recently the losses for such coal were substantially
half. This loss has been somewhat reduced, but
it continues to be appalling. Holmes estimates
that since the beginning of mining in the United
States, "two billion tons of anthracite and three
billion tons of bituminous coal have been left under
ground in such condition as to make its future
recovery doubtful or impossible." The principles
which from the point of view of conservation
should apply to mining of coal are well known.
So far as practicable the mines should be so
worked as to make one superimposed vein after
the other available. Coal slack should be reduced
in amount and should be utilized. No considerable
percentage of coal should be left in the ground
as pillars. If these reforms were introduced, the
losses could be reduced to half the present amounts
and possibly to one-fourth.
But to ask that any such proposals should be
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
put into operation under the restrained competitive
system is purely chimerical. Under the Sherman
law there is no opportunity to limit output,
divide territory, or regulate prices. Five thousand
BITUMINOUS COAL OPERATORS
could produce two hundred million tons of coal per
annum beyond present demands. If the operators
could agree upon limitation of output, and division
of market so as to reduce freights, and could arrange
for reasonable prices which would give them
no more than their present profits, they would then
be able to follow these principles in mining their
coal; for tney themselves would be gainers in prolonging
the life of their mines, and, far more important,
many future generations would be the immeasurable
gainers in that they would have adequate
coal supply.
It is doubtless true that me plan proposed would
result in somewhat higher prices for bituminous
coal; but, even so, coal would be cheaper in this
country than in others. This slight additional
increment, however, would be but a small social
burden for this generation to bear in order to leave
an adequate heritage to future generations. Under
the competitive system, we are recklessly skimming
the cream of the natural resources of a virgin
continent with no regard for the rights of
our children or our children's children. They
will have a heavy score against us if we continue
to ignore the future and to apply the unrestrained
competitive system in total disregard of their
rights.
In the time that remains to me I shall proceed
to the constructive side of the question before us
and make positive proposals in regard to the things
which should be done in order tnat we may obtain
the advantages of concentration of business and
at the same time protect the public. My proposal,
gentlemen, is neither regulated competition,
nor regulated monopoly, but retention of competition,
prohibition of monopoly, permission for cooperation,
and regulation of the latter.
It has been proposed that combinations should
be so divided that no one corporation shall have
more than 50 per cent, of any business. That is
Mr. Bryan's suggestion. In the case of the Stanley
bill the presumption of the violation of the
Sherman law is against a corporation having more
than 30 per cent.
Now, it makes no difference, gentlemen, whether
you break the great combinations up so that no
one combination has more than 50 per cent, or 30
per cent, of a line of business, or so that there are
10 with 10 per cent., or 20 with 5 per cent. The
demonstration of this lies in the fact already mentioned
that thousands of farmers may and do cooperate
in marketing their products just as perfectly
as do the five great manufacturers of steel.
This they do in various parts of the United States

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
for numerous products. At the present time there
are state and national movements to still farther
EXTEND THE ADVANTAGES
of co-operation to the farmers. Since it is unquestionable
that the sense of justice of the citizens
of the United States will support the courts
in prohibiting class legislation, we shall, therefore,
1 believe, ultimately permit co-operation in
all lines of business alike. If we, however, retain
freedom of competition, permit concentration sufficient
to give efficiency, allow reasonable co-operation,
and prevent monopoly, this will require regulation
just as it has been necessary to regulate the
railroads. This done, the Sherman law will be
forgotten. Has there been any prosecution of
the railroads for violations of the Sherman law because
of collusion in fixing rates? And yet, everyone
of us here knows that they are just as flagrant
violators of the Sherman act as any other class
of corporations in the United States. Are the
Ireight rates the same for different roads between
any two points? Are the passenger rates between
Philadelphia and Chicago identical on all
roads? Can you do better in price by traveling
over the Pennsylvania than over any other road?
The rate is the same, providing the speed is the
same. How does it happen that the roads all got
together? Just by Providence, 1 suppose. It
was doubtless by a Providential act that these rates
were fixed identically upon all the roads, under
the same conditions, all over the country.
Why is is that nobody proposes to indict the
railroads for collusion? Simply for the reason
that the rates which they can charge are controlled
by commissions, national and state. Nobody any
longer wishes to make them further trouble, because
the public is protected by its commissions.
That is the sum of the whole matter. The railroads
are just as much amenable to attack under
the Sherman act as any other combination in the
LTnited States; but when the railroads are giving
reasonable rates, and are competing in giving
reasonable service, even if the law is on the statute
book and is the hallowed thing that has been
described—the sense of official justice is such that
they are not attacked in the courts. Will the
attorney general of the United States or the attorney
general of this or any other state bring suit
against the railroads for conspiracy in fixing rates
when the public is properly protected? I have not
heard the proposal made anywhere.
However, it is a
WRONG CONDITION
when we have on the statute books a law of a kind
which requires the officials of justice to close one
eye whenever they pass by the men in control of
one great group of industries, and at the same
moment see other men not one whit more guilty.
We ought to remedy this condition so that honor­
able business men shall not be in the position, the
unfortunate position, of being technically violators
of statutes which it is not advantageous from the
public point of view to enforce.
I have not time to more than touch upon necessary
modifications of the law; but the substance
of my remedied proposal is that there be an interstate
trade commission and state trade commissions,
which shall have substantially the same
powers to regulate co-operation in industry that
the Interstate Commerce commission and the State
Commerce commissions have in regard to the pub^
lie utilities. It seems to me that the Interstate
and State Commerce commissions and the administrative
bodies for the pure food laws point the
way for the next constructive step in the development
of the laws. It would perhaps be chimerical,
with public opinion at at present, to propose
the repeal of the Sherman act; but the situation
may be met by amendments to this law. The
Sherman act can be left to apply, as defined by
the supreme court, to monopoly. Unreasonable
restraint of trade may be defined as monopolistic
restraint of trade, and it is rather generally agreed
that monopoly should be prohibited. To make
the matter perfectly clear another amendment
should allow
REASONABLE CO-OPERATION,
but such co-operation should be under the watchful
eyes of administrative commissions in order to
protect the public.
The coal operators at a conference held in Chicago
in May, 1912, agreed upon a bill for the establishment
of an interstate trade commission. The
important power proposed for such commission
was the authority to decide whether any proposed
arrangement is in opposition to the Sherman act
as it now exists under the interpretation of the
courts. If any arrangement is approved by the
commission as in accordance with law, then the
organization which enters into such an arrangement
is to be free from prosecution under the
Sherman act. Also the commission is empoweered
to require the discontinuance of any existing
trade arrangement, practice or combination, which
is found to be in violation of the national trust
law.
From the foregoing discussion it is apparent
that while the above proposal is a move in the
right direction and is an improvement upon the
present situation, it is not adequate. The frightful
wastes of unrestrained competition as applied
to mineral products, and especially as applied to
coal, can only cease when operators are permitted
to co-operate in limiting and dividing the market.
However, if they are permitted thus to co-operate,
there is danger that the public may be required to
pay unreasonable prices; and therefore any such
co-operation should be under the watchful eyes of

commissions that should have power to require the
discontinuance of any trade arrangement found
inimical to the public welfare.
Ultimately also it will probably be found necessary
to give the commissions the same authority
in regulating prices that the State and Interstate
Commerce commissions have in regulating rates
for the public utilities. The burden of fixing
prices should rest with the operators; but whenever
any man feels that a price is unreasonable, he
should have the right to have his case brought
before a commission for adjudication. If, after
investigation, any price is found to be unreasonable,
the commission should have authority to issue
an order that it be made reasonable.
I am aware that the above suggestion regarding
price regulation has been vigorously attacked;
but it should be understood that the proposal does
not involve the initiative in fixing prices.
Wherever a business is not so large as to be
affected by a public interest, the principles of
trade which are now in force would hold in regard
to prices; and this statement means that the great
MAJORITY OF PRICES
would be controlled by the present system, as imperfect
as it is. However, wherever co-operation
and combination are permitted in such a manner
as to lead to a situation where the market is controlled,
it is clear that the public cannot be protected
under these conditions unless represented
by some authority having power to protect it, even
to the extent of regulating prices.
The proposed trade commissions should have a
number of other powers which I have not time
fully to discuss. It is clear that all unfair practices
should be prohibited; and by unfair practices
is meant to include everything covered by the
term immoral practices under the common law.
If I were to define unfair practices, it would be
that they should include all those practices of
every kind which are inimical to the welfare of the
people.
Another, and perhaps the most vital, point of
the law creating the state and interstate trade commissions
should be that when an individual is
wronged through unreasonable rates, or rebates or
other discrimination, it should be the duty of a
public commission to handle his case. The aggrieved
individual should not be obliged to carry
his case through the machinery of the courts; he
should make complaint to an administrative commission,
representing the public, and him as a part
of the public, to secure redress. This, while the
greatest, is but one of the many advantages which
may be gained through the establishment of trade
commissions, national and state. The powers of
the commissions should be granted as broad, simple
rules of law; and detailed regulations for the ad­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
ministration of these rules should be formulated by
the commissions.
If the views which are here presented are sound,
it is clear that it is not sufficient simply to create
trade commissions who shall act as interpreters
of the Sherman act, but that important amendments
to the Sherman act are necessary in order
to permit the magnitude necessary for efficiency,
in order to allow the co-operation imparative for
conservation, in order to protect the public.
I do not suppose that at the outset the commissions
created will receive all the powers which
they will finally possess. Indeed, while I hold
to the above principles, at first I should be conservative
in giving powers to these commissions.
The powers would be based upon the same principles
that have been applied in the pure food
laws, and in the control of the public utilities.
The American people always move slowly in these
matters, and step by step; and I should not expect
that these trade commissions, if created, would at
once be granted all the powers which they would
finally exercise. In this matter I should expect
the same slow development to take place that has
occurred regarding the commissions which
CONTROL TIIE PUBLIC UTILITIES.
More than 40 years have elapsed since the creation
of the Interstate Commerce commission.
These early commissions had the powers of recommendation,
of requiring publicity, etc. Finally
the commissions of Illinois and Iowa were given
the power to control rates, but comparatively little
came of this authority. It was not until 1905
that in Wisconsin a comprehensive law was enacted
to control the railroads. The passage of
the law was strongly resisted by the companies,
because of the fear that the proposed commission
would treat them unfairly, but the act was passed
despite their opposition. Under the law. there
were appointed in that state by Senator R. M.
I^a Follette, then governor, a scientific commission
composed of three men, one a well known lawyer,
the other a keen statistician, and the third an
eminent professor of transportation. I have heard
from many of the railroad men, including a railroad
president and some of the ablest railroad lawyers,
that the Wisconsin commission has been fair
ancl reasonable both to the railroads and to the
public. Neither side would go back to the previous
situation—upon one side hold-up bills to be
defeated by questionable methods at each session
of the legislative; upon the other side numerous
rebates and discriminations. Before we had a
railroad commission in Wisconsin there was continuous
war between the people and the railroads.
Since that commission has been created, and especially
since its authority has been extended over
all the public utilities of the state, including power
to adjust rates, we have had peace.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Similarly, the Interstate Commerce commission
had small powers at first, merely powers of recommendation;
and it was only six years ago that this
commission finally gained the power to fix maximum
rates; and at the present time the commission
has not the power to initiate rates. The
initiative rests with the railroads. it is only two
years ago that the Interstate Commerce commission
gained the power to suspend advances of rates
ending investigations regarding their reasonableness.
Thus, stage by stage, conservatively, the
development of the control of public utilities by
administrative commission was worked out.
Substantially the same history applies to the
pure food laws. Doubtless the extension of laws
of this class will go on until fabrics are included;
until fraud will be practically eliminated through
the use of false names for any commodity.
I would have the proposed trade commissions
pass through a similar history. Thus, precisely
as with the Commerce commissions, by slow development,
industry where co-operation has so extended
as to become affected with a public interest
would be controlled by trade commissions under
the same lawful methods that have been applied to
the public utilities. Concentration, co-operation,
and control are presented as the keyboard to the
solution of our great industrial problems.
LUMBER INDUSTRY IN 1909.
Final statistics of the lumber industry in the
United States for 1909 are presented in detail in
a bulletin soon to lie issued by Director Harris,
of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.
It was prepared under the supervision of
XX'. M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufactures.
For the lumber industry as a whole for 1909 four
classes of establishments are distinguished: (1)
Logging camps and merchant sawmills, including
planing mills, where operated in connection with
sawmills; (2) independent planing mills; (3)
wooden packing-box factories; and (4) custom sawmills.
The establishments in the lumber industry as a
whole numbered 44,804 in 1909, had a total capital
of $1,182,330,552, gave employment to an average
of 797,825 persons, of whom 702,109 were wage
earners, and paid out $367,863,055 in salaries and
wages. The cost of the materials used in the
industry as a whole was $508,215,153, which is
equal to 43.S per cent, of the total value of products
($1,160,644,628), and the value added by manufacture;
that is, the value of product less cost
of materials, was $652,429,475. In addition to
the above products, lumber and its more elementary
products to the value of $5,667,950 were reported
for 1909 by establishments engaged pri­
marily in the manufacture of other products,
chiefly furniture and refrigerators, fancy and paper
boxes, and pianos and organs and materials.
The lumber industry, measured by value of
products, ranked third in the United States in
1909, being exceeded only by slaughtering and
meat products and foundry and machine-shop products.
Of the 44,804 establishments canvassed for
1909, 9.2 per cent, were custom mills, these mills
employing only 1 per cent, of the wage earners in
the industry and contributing only four-tenths of
1 per cent, of the total value of products. Merchant
sawmills and logging camps formed more
than four-fifths of the total number of merchant
establishments in the lumber industry in 1909,
the value of their products amounting to $753,-
38S.368, or 65.2 per cent, of the total for merchant
establishments and 64.9 per cent, of the
total for merchant establishments and 64.9 per
cent, of that for all establishments combined,
while they gave employment to 547,178 wage earners,
or 77.9 per cent, of the total number in the
industry and 78.7 per cent, of those in merchant
establishments. The principal products of logging
camps are saw logs; shingle, stave, and heading
bolts; telegraph and telephone poles; fence posts;
and hewed railway ties. Those of saw-mills include
rough lumber, shingles, cooperage materials,
veneers, lath, and sawed railway ties.
The 6,402 independent planing mills reported
for 1909 formed 15.7 per cent, of the total number
of merchant establishments in the lumber industry
and gave employment to 16.2 per cent, of the
wage earners in merchant establishments and 16
per cent, of those in the industry as a whole, w-hile
the value of their products formed 28.3 per cent.
of the total for merchant establishments and 28.2
per cent, of the total for all establishments combined.
The establishments included in this subclassification
manufacture principally dressed lumber;
sash, doors, and blinds; interior woodwork;
and moldings. Among the miner products arccattle
stanchions, water tubs and ciscerns, wooden
tanks, wooden pipe, and wooden covering for water
and steam pipes.
The 1,179 wooden packing-box factories reported
formed 2.9 per cent, of the total number of merchant
establishments in the lumber industry, employed
5.1 per cent, of the w-age earners in such
establishments, and contributed 0.5 per cent, of
the total value of products. Box shooks; wooden
boxes used for packing; crates for butter, fruits,
and vegetables; and wine cases are the principal
products reported for establishments included under
this sub-classification.
A Kokoal breaker has been instituted in Trenton,
N. J„ by officers of Philadelphia breaker.

Conference of Colorado Operators and Strikers Fail,
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 25)
organization, and the very best argument a Colorado
coal operator would want.
"The Wyoming miners are not going to violate
their agreement, and our organization does'nt expect,
or want, them to do so."
Nov. 21 Gov. E. M. Ammons received a telegram
from Secretary of Labor Wilson at Evanston,
Wyo., saying he woul arrive on that day and his
services would be at the disposal of the governor
in the settlement of the strike of coal miners in
southern Colorado.
The governor was disappointed on the same day
by the failure of a proposed conference between
fhe mine operators and the union officials to discuss
a strike settlement.
"Until today I have been very sanguine that a
settlement of some so; t could be reached, but I
see no hope now," said the governor. I may
even have to ask the federal government for aid.
There is nothing left for me to do but enforce the
law rigidly and impartially."
Nov. 21 lignite prices in Denver were cut 50
cents per ton and bituminous prices 25 cents per
ton and it was reported that a congestion of
loaded coal cars was noticeable in the railroad
yards.
Nov. 22 the operators sent a letter to the special
committee of the chamber of commerce, setting
forth their reasons for refusing to recognize the
United Mine Workers. The letter is signed by
J. F. Welborn, president of the Colorado Fuel &
Iron Co.; D. XV. Brown, vice president of the
Rocky Mountain Fuel Co., and J. C. Osgood, chairman
of the board of directors of the Victor-American
Fuel Co. They set forth their reasons for
refusing to recognize the union as follows:
"Among the specific reasons which actuate us in
our refusal to confer with these men may be mentioned
the following:
"Because the only essential to the normal operation
of our coal mines and the return of normal
prices for coal is the strict
MAINTENANCE OF LAW
and order and the protection of our employes and
property from acts of violence. A conference with
them is neither necessary nor can it be effective
to bring about these conditions, but it can be
brought about by the energetic action of the civil
authorities and enlightened public sentiment.
"Because the only public demands of these men
are 'a living wage and enforcement of the state
laws.' They already have a living wage, as
proven by our published pay rolls and the fact
that our wage scale is 20 per cent, higher than in
unionized states, such as Kansas and Oklahoma,
with which our coal competes. We are fully
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
complying with the laws of the state, but if not,
it is the duty of the civil authorities to enforce.
"Because a conference with them would only be
used by them to prolong the strike by telling their
followers that favorable negotiations were pending,
thus influencing them from returning to work,
which many of them are ready to do, and causing
our employes who have been loyal and are now
working, including many of our superintendents
and their assistants, to quit work, as they have
all been notified by the union organizers that
when the strike is settled they would be driven
from the mines and from the state.
"Because their sole purpose and only demand before
the strike was called, as well as now, was
that we should enter into a contract with them,
practically giving them control of our business and
forcing our employes who are not members of
their organization, to join it or leave our employ,
and that our mines, which have been operated
more than 30 years upon the open shop principle,
should be closed to all except members of their
organization. Nothing can be gained by discussing
this proposition. We intend to operate our
mines upon the open shop plan or not at all.
"Because the United Mine Workers of America
is an unincorporated, irresponsible and purely voluntary
association without any standing in the
financial world. Neither we nor any other body
of business men can be expected even to consider
making with it any
CONTRACT OF ANY CHARACTER,
much less one of the importance of that now presented
for our signatures. The officers of this
organization toncede that their contract does not
bind their individual members and it is a notorious
fact that contracts heretofore made in this
and other states aie broken at will by the union
leaving the operators without any legal or other
relief. Mr. Kountz signed such a contract and
after five years preferred to sacrifice his coal business
rather than continue to operate under a union
contract.
"Because more than 50 per cent, of the mine
workers in our employ at the time the strike was
called, September 23, are still at work and these
men in no way represent our employes who are
now working.
"Because, of the men they claim to represent, a
large number have been guilty of violence ancl
other unlawful acts ancl therefore will not be
employed by us. and of the remainder, a large
number would return to work at once if they
were not intimidated by therats and acts of violence
instigated by the officers and agents of the
United Mine Workers of America.
"Because the officers of the United Mine Workers
have instigated a reign of terror in the coal

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
fields of the state for the purpose of intimidating
our men who are working and preventing others
from returning to work. They have purchased
and distributed arms to the men on strike and
by anarchistic and incendiary speeches and advice
have caused the killing and wounding of
many of our employes. They have irreparably
damaged us in our business and have caused the
people of the state loss and suffering through the
scarcity and increased cost of coal."
The report handed in after the meeting of the
state editors published herewith brought forth
demands that the published pay rolls of the several
companies be verified by an audit of the
books of different operating companies. The companies
referred to immediately offered to open
their books to any auditing committee that might
be appointed. Governor Amnions named three
chartered public accountants, and they have been
working on the books all week. Another auditor
was named by one of the state editors, who refused
to sign the editors' statement, and this party
also made an independent check. The reports of
the auditors were published Nov. 24, and it is
found that the pay rolls in question
WERE ACCURATE
and correct in every detail. This report establishes
the fact that Colorado coal miners average
approximately $4 per day.
An opinion was handed down the same day by
the Supreme court, in the mandamus case brought
by the governor to compel State Auditor Kenehan
to audit the expense bills of the militia and issue
the necessary certificate of indebtedness. The
opinion was against the auditor, and he was ordered
to act at once. The stand taken by the
auditor was for purely political reasons, and his
apparent desire to hinder the militia in the performance
of their duties, and caused a most embarrassing
situation, making it imperative for
quick action on the part of other state officials
and the Supreme court.
Nov. 26 a conference of opposing sides was held
in Guv. Amnions' office, three men representing
each side, with Gov. Ammons and Secretary of
Labor Wilson in attendance, in an effort to settle
the strike. It continued in session until 1.30
a. m. Nov. 27. without any result, the recognition
of the union question being the stumbling block.
The acceptance by the operators and the rejection
by the miners' representatives late Thanksgiving
day of a statement of facts submitted by
Gov. E. M. Amnions, upon which the governor
hoped to obtain the resumption of the conference
upon the southern coal field strike, led to the practical
withdrawal of the governor from conciliatory
measures and an order by the executive to
Adjutant General Chase to enforce the law in the
strike zone.
Immediately after the operators had accepted
and the miners had rejected the governor's statements
of facts, Secretary of Labor William B.
Wilson issued a statement, which, countersigned
by Gov. Ammons, w-as presented to the operators
ancl the miners' representatives. Both promised
to give it consideration.
The reason given by the strikers' representatives
for the rejection of the governor's statement
was that it put aside the question of recognition
of the union.
Secretary Wilson' statement suggested, in lieu of
the recognition of the union, a board of seven arbitrators,
three to be appointed by each side, ancl
these six to select a seventh. If the six cannot
agree the seventh is to be appointed by President
Wilson.
Nov. 13 editors representing 25 of the leading
papers of Colorado met in Denver for the purpose
of learning all the facts possible in connection
with tbe strike. Gov. E. M. Ammons told why
be called out the troops and what he proposes to
do thiough their operations. Ford Cornwall,
Thomas Dennison and A. Lamont, three men on
strike, were selected by the strike leaders and
told why they struck and what they are demanding.
John C. Osgood, president of one of the
large companies, gave the operators' side of the
controversy and John McLennan, president of District
No. 15, United Mine Workers of America,
told why that organization called the strike. The
six addresses occupied six hours. Every speaker
was given unlimited time and no interruptions
allowed. Following the addresses the editors
went into executive session and adopted the following
resolutions with three dissenting votes:
To the People and the Press of Colorado, to the
Coal Mine Owners, and to the Coal Miners
of this State:
For the past two months a strike has existed
in the coal mining industry of Colorado. As a
direct result of this strike human lives have been
secrificed, many thousands of laboring men
thrown out of employment, property destroyed,
business conditions have become depressed, the
price of coal has been advanced, the reputation
ancl credit of the state at home and abroad is
being impaired, and the public at large is beingmade
to suffer beyond accurate calculation. The
unfortunate conditions are not in harmony with
the peace, prosperity and general welfare that is
supposed to be guaranteed to all men and to ali
institutions alike under the conslitution of this
state and of the United States.
For the purpose, therefore, of trying to arrive
at a method of assisting in terminating this industrial
conflict between the miners and the mine
owners in a manner which will be in accordance

with the laws of Colorado, enacted to regulate the
coal mining industry, the newspapers of Colorado
represented, acting on behalf of the general public,
have met in Denver, and after hearing the arguments
and statements of representatives of the
coal mine owners, of the eoal niiners, and of the
United Mine Workers of America, and a statement
from the governor of this state, and having given
extensive consideration to each and every one of
these statements, and having weighed their effect
fully and carefully, the
NEWSPAPERS REPRESENTED
have agreed upon a general ancl a united policy
of action, to be recommended to the press of Colorado,
with reference to the termination of this
strike, based upon the authority of the existing
state laws.
Before stating our conclusions, we desire first
to state the cause ot the strike, viz: the demands
made by the miners upon the coal mine owners
of Colorado, which are as follows:
The demands of the miners:
First: We demand recognition of the union.
Second: We demand a 10 per cent, advance in
wages on the tonnage rat^s and the following day
wage scale, which is practically in accord with the
Wyoming day wage scale.
Third: We demand an eight-hour work clay for
all classes of labor in or around the coal mines
and at coke ovens.
Fourth: We demand pay for all narrow work
and dead work, which includes brushing, timbering,
removing falls, handling impurities, etc.
Fifth: We demand check-weighmen at all
mines, to be elected by the niiners without any
interference by company officials in said election.
Sixth: We demand the right to trade in any
store we please and the right to choose our own
boarding place and our own doctor.
Seventh: We demand the enforcement of the
Colorado niining laws and the abolition of the
notorious and criminal guard system which has
prevailed in the mining camps of Colorado for
many years.
First demand—Recognition of the union:
With reference to the first demand, we submit
the following facts and conclusions:
The The question of the official recognition
of any labor organization or labor union by any
employer or employers of labor is a question not
reached or controlled by law, but must be mutually
desired by both employer and employe to
become a recognized reality. In other words, if
employers do not desire to recognize a labor union
as an organization in the employment of members
of that union, there is no law upon the statute
books which ran or will compel them to do so.
We have come to the conclusions, therefore.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
that the first demand made by the miners is not
one which can lie arbitrated by any body of mediators,
for tbe reason that, as stated above it must
lie a matter mutually desired and agreed to by
employer and employe. However, so long as individual
workmen in the employ of coal mine
owners desire to belong to a union, they have a
perfect right to do so. This
RIGHT IS GUARANTEED
them by the laws of the state, and therefore this
first demand for official recognition of the United
Mine Workers of America, as such, should not be
further pressed by the members of that organization
in accepting a declaration on which this strike
should now be terminated. However, the right
of the miners to belong to* a union under the authority
of the state of Colorado should be recognized
and upheld, and should not be objected to
by any employer of labor.
Second demand—A wage increase of 10 per cent.
Fourth demand—Additional pay for additional
and varied work.
In our judgment these two demands should be
merged into a single demand, especially as both
the econd and fourth demands contemplate a higher
net income in wages for the miners, and our conclusion
is, therefore, that these demands should be
consolidated ancl considered under one general
proposition.
With reference to this general wage demand,
therefore, our conclusions are as follows:
The amount of money a miner can earn depends
on the amount of work he can or is willing to
perform. In a published advertisement over the
name of the United Mine Workers of America
which recently appeared in the Denver newspapers,
a statement was made to the effect that all
the miners wanted was "a living wage and the
enforcement of the laws affecting the coal mining
industry."
The question very properly arises, therefore, as
to what should be considered a living wage.
The average wage earned by the individual coal
miners working in all parts of Colorado, as published
in the advertisements of the c-oal mine
owners, we find to be approximately $4.00 per day,
practically $105.00 per month, and working eight
hours a day or less if they choose. This is said
to include the wages earned by good, bad and indifferent
miners. The wages of some miners is
said to run as low as $2.25 per day, while other
miners individually earn over $7.00 per day.
A comparison of the average coal miner's wage
for the entire state, of $4.00 per day, with the
wages earned by other classes of laboring men in
wages earned by other classes of
LABORING MEN
in Colorado who are equally skilled with a coal

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
miner, shows that if the average wages of all
coal miners in Colorado is $105.00 per month, they
are now being paid in our belief what has been referred
to as a living wage; in fact, that they are
already being paid a wage entirely in keeping with
the wages paid for other classes of labor in Colorado.
Therefore, taking the miners at their published
word, we believe that their original demand for a
10 per cent, increase over the present Colorado
scale, and which as later modified In their advertisements
to a demand for living wages, has already
been met by the payment of the existing
scale of wages for mining coal in this state and
which is higher in the net wages earned than in
any other state. Therefore, this, the second ancl
fourth demand upon the part of the United Mine
Workers of America for living wages is now being
given the miners by the coal mine owners.
Third demand—An eight-hour day for all classes
of labor in ancl around the coal mines and at coke
ovens.
This third demand is one which is guaranteed
to miners employed in underground mines by the
laws of Colorado. If the laws of this state have
been disregarded in the employment of labor in
the coal mining industry, it is the duty of the governor
to enforce this law, and in this he should
be heartily supported.
Therefore, our conclusion with reference to the
third demand on the part of the miners employed
in underground mines is that it should be guaranteed
to them in accordance with the laws of
this state.
Fifth demand—Check weighmen at all mines:
This, the fifth demand, is another to which the
miners are clearly entitled, and which is guaranteed
to them under the law. If this law has
not been enforced, or if the miners have not taken
advantage of their rights under it, it is the duty
of the governor of Colorado to guarantee the enforcement
of this law.
Sixth demand—The right to trade at any store:
This sixth demand, also may or may not have
been accorded the miners by the mine owners. It
is a demand, however, which should be guaranteed
to them, for the reason that the
LAWS OF COLORADO
provide that no coercion shall be practiced by
any coal mine owner against any miner in the
buying of his household supplies. Therefore, this
sixth demand should also be guaranteed to the
miners under the provisions of the laws relating
thereto.
Seventh demand—General enforcement of Colorado
mining laws, abolition of guard system:
This seventh and last demand upon the part of
the miners is not open to discussion, so far as that
portion of it which relates to a general enforcement
of the Colorado mining laws is concerned;
for, without question, the miners are entitled to
receive the full benefit guaranteed to them under
the mining laws of this state.
So far as the employment of police or mine
guards is concerned, this practice during periods
of peace is maintained solely as a matter of police
protection against ordinary disturbances and
against possible damages to property in times of
petty brawls which are of ordinary occurrence in
many mining camps; and so long as these guards
or police are maintained upon a company property
for the purpose of preserving the peace and to
protect that property, there is no good or legal
reason for their removal. With the exception of
this portion of the last demand of the miners,
our conclusion is that the seventh demand, for
general enforcement of the mining laws of Colorado,
is clearly right, and should also be guaranteed
to the miners by the full power of the laws
of this state.
Therefore, after mature and careful consideration
of all the factors in conection with this
strike, we hereby make the following declarations:
That the strike which has prevailed in the coal
mining industry in Colorado should be called off
under the following terms ancl conditions, viz:
First: That the miners should waive their first
demand, which is for a recognition of the union,
on the ground that the recognition of any union
must necessarily be a matter of mutual agreement
and not of coercion, and not being covered by any
law; and for the additional reason that the laws
of Colorado guarantes to every miner the right to
belong individually to any labor organization without
prejudice or discrimination on the part of any
employer of labor.
Second: That the miners should waive their
second and fourth demands for an increase in
wages, not only for the reason that the wages now
paid to coal miners in this state are larger than
in most other states, and are as large as paid in
most other lines of industry in Colorado, but also
for the reason that the modified
DEMANDS OF THE MINERS,
as published in the newspapers, asking for living
wages, are in our opinion, already met, being paid
by them in cash, twice a month, by the coal mine
owners.
Third: That the miners are entitled to have
granted their demands, in accordance with the
laws relating thereto, designated as follows:
Third demand—For an eight-hour work day in
all coal mines.
Fifth demand—For a check weighman in all
mines where they ask, to be selected from among
the miners by the miners, to be paid by them, ami

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
PEALE, PEACOCK 1 KERR
OF NEW YORK
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708-2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.
i

CM
without interference upon the part of the opera-
tors. ,
Sixth demand-The right to trade at any store.
Seventh demand-The demand for the enforcement
of all laws relating to the coal mining in­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
dustry.
Also that all competent striking miners who
have not been guilty of violations of the law while
in strike should be taken back by the coal mine
owners without prejudice.
Also, that any coal mine owner has a legal right
to employ any person or persons without interference
or threats upon the part of any other person
or organization, as provided by law.
Also, that we declare it to be the duty of the
governor cf this state to compel the enforcement
of the state mining laws, to which we pledge our
earnest support ancl co-operation; and that, to
obtain for the miners every right to which they
are entitled under the law, the rigid enforcement
of the state laws is alone necessary.
We commend Governor Ammons for sending
troops into one disturbed district of the state, and
express our full confidence in the integrity of his In the carrying out of this policy by the gov­
purposes respecting the Unfortunate industrial ernor of this state, we pledge the support of the
strife that exists there. However, we believe that editors and papers here represented and ask for
troops should be adequa'e in number to become the co-operation of all our fellow-editors in Colo­
sole protectors of life and property in sections of rado, who could not conveniently come to this
the satte where such strife exists or is threat­ conference, in support of such policy.
ened, and that, the National Guard should be re­ Also, that a copy of the declaration be furnished
cruited to meet conditions as they may arise. to the officials of the United Mine Workers of
That it is our opinion that until such time as the America, a copy to the coal mine owners, a copy
National Guard may safely be withdrawn from the to the governor of Colorado, and that copies be
affected districts and law and order restored that sent to the press of this state for the purpose of
all offenses and violations of law pertaining to the advising the people concerning what we believe to
strike should be immediately tried before military be a just and fair declaration under the terms of
courts.
which this strike should now be immediately
We further request the governor to take such called off and industrial peace restored, and that
action as will prevent the importation of firearms we pledge ourselves to support this declaration,
into this state by any individual or any organiza­ based on law enforcement, in the editorial columns
tion, because we believe that no one has a right of our newspapers.
to bear arms here except
( Signed) JOHN C. SHAFFER.
THOSE LEGALLY AUTHORIZED
to do so under the laws of the state of Colorado.
;Vf_TT f A N'T L00K INT0 E 1
|IUL l/AJJ 1 CAN EARTH> get you but WE a large ]
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
| The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
\ Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH PA
J Contr.ctofi for DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
Thus it will be seen that we have found in favor
of the miners in four of the six general demands
they have made and have recognized their right
to work as union.
That in declining to side with the miners in the
other two demands as stated, we have concluded
lhat the miners are already receiving living
wages; and have, at the same time, found for the
miners in their first demand, by insisting that
one of the conditions under w-hich this strike is
to be called off is that all competent miners shall
have guaranteed to them under the provisions of
the laws of the state the right to belong to any organization
without prejudice or discrimination on
the part of any employer, which means their right
to work as union miners on the open shop plan.
Therefore, in the interest of the miners, of the
coal owners, and of the general public, we hereby
declare that this strike should be called off under
the conditions stated above, in order to insure the
future development of the coal mining industry of
Colorado and the peace and prosperity of its
people.
FRANK S. HOAG,
H. E. BOWDEX,
L. C. PADDOCK.
FRED MARVIN.
A copy of this resolution was placed in the hands
of the operators, who promptly considered it and
Nov. 11 sent the following reply:
Denver, Colo.. Nov. 11, 1913.
Messrs. John C. Shaffer, Frank S. Hoag, H. E.
Bow-den, 1.. ('. Paddock, Fred Marvin,
Denver, Colorado.
Gentlemen:—The undersigned, coal mine operators,
are in receipt of a copy of the proceedings
of the conference of editors held in Denver, Thursday,
Nov. 13. In this statement you specify the
conditions suggested by the editors under which

THE COAL TR.A
Within a month contractors will begin drivingpiles
for another coal dock on the Island Creek
Coal Co, property, Duluth, Minn., to cost approximately
$750,000. A. W. Fluegel, manager of the
Island Creek Co., declared that plans were ready
and that the new structure would be complete by
the middle of the 1914 navigation season. Contracts
will be let shortly.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
For -Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-15
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUR, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see It, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
BULLETIN. 61
FOR SALE
Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
& D. also the Kittannings C. & B.
The E. & C. are being operated and open for
inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quarters
of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
7-15
Address W„ care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909- IO.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological. Railway ancl Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S-„ Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the coal miners' strike in Colorado should be terminated.
We agree to comply fully and in good
faith with the conditions suggested by you in said
statement
When the operators receive the protection from
the civil authorities for the men who desire to
work and for their properties to which they are
entitled; are not interfered with in employing
men to take the places of those who are now on
strike and who left before the strike was called,
and are enabled to operate their mines under normal
conditions to normal capacity, on the open
shop principle, which has prevailed in Colorado
for more than 30 years, we will put into effect the
scale of prices for coal heretofore prevailing.
J. F. WELBORN, President,
Colorado Fuel & Iron Co.
D. W. BROW.N, Vice-President,
Rocky Mountain Fuel Co.
J. C. OSGOOD, Chairman,
Board of Directors, The
Victor American Fuel Co.
F. B. LEWIS, President,
Oakdale Coal Co.,
South Canon Coal Co.
F. A. PERRY,
Leyden Coal Co.,
Moffat Coal Co.
Representing operators mining 95%
of the coal produced in Colorado.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS
The Berwind-White Coal Milling Co. has closed
a deal for the purchase from the Consolidation
Coal Co. of 1,000 acres of coal in the new Cairn
brook Central City, Pa„ field, which added to 2,000
acres already in its possession, gives that company
an unbroken tract of 3,000 acres contiguous
to its operations in the coal field of which the
town of Windber, Pa., is the central point.
The H. C. Frick Coke Co. has purchased from
the Pittsburg-Buffalo Co., 395 acres of coal in
Jefferson township, Greene county, Pa., for $274,-
000.
The Indiana County Coal Co., Indiana, Pa., has
sold to the Tide Coal Co., 327 acres of coal in
Center township, Indiana county. Pa., for $18,320.
J. XV. Woodend, of Indiana, Pa., has sold to the
Conemaugh Coal Co., 25 acres of coal in Conemaugh
township, Indiana county, Pa., for $2,000.
S THE J. B. SANBORN CO.
Special Mercantile Agency
COAL TRADE.
A new sealer of weights and measures at Waterbury,
Conn., who has been very energetic in carrying
on a campaign against short weight among
local merchants in all lines, found the regular coal
dealers all right in the matter of full weight, al­
PUBLISHERS OP
\ The Coal Dealers' Blue Book
\ Contains a Complete List for the United
C States and Canada of all Coal Operators,
^ Shippers and Dealers, Gas Companies, Elej
vators, Foundries, Mills, Iron Works, and
_ all Manufacturers who buy Coal and Coke In
though the bags used by some of the peddlers were ; car load lots, with capital and pay ratings.
not up to the standard size.
} 550 Monon Bulldln}" .40 D.,tbotn St.. ^ V . " * ^
CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
TT
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C O ^ A ± V
PENNSYLVANIA.

NEW PUBLICATIONS BUREAU OF MINES.
(List 24—November, 1913).
BULLETIN'S.
Bulletin 69. Coal mine accidents in the United
States and in foreign countries, by F. W. Horton.
1913. 101 pp., 3 pis., 40 figs.
Bulletin 71. Fuller's earth, by C. L. Parsons.
1913. 38 pp.
TECHNICAL PAPERS.
Technical Paper 30. Accident prevention at
Lake Superior iron mines, by D. E. Woodbridge.
1913. 34 pp., 7 figs.
Technical Paper 51. Possible causes of the decline
of oil wells, and suggested methods of prolonging
yield, by L. G. Huntley. 1913. 33 pp., 9
figs.
Technical Paper 60. The approximate melting
points of some commercial copper alloys, by H. W.
Gillett and A. B. Norton. 1913. 9 pp.
MIXERS' CIRCULAR.
Miners' Circular 13. Safety in tunneling, bv
D. W. Brunton and J. A. Davis. 1913. 19 pp.
The Bureau of Mines has copies of these publications
for free distribution, but cannot give more
than one copy of the same bulletin to one person.
Requests for all papers cannot be granted without
satisfactory reason. In asking for publications,
please order them by number and title. Applications
should be addressed to the Director of the
Rureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.
TRADE AT AUSTRALIAN COAL PORT.
Export statistics of Newcastle for the first nine
months of 1913 show gratifying trade increases
over the similar period last year, writes Consul
G. B. Killmaster, Newcastle, New South Wales.
Coal shipments totaled 3,786,432 tons, valued at
$9,645,727, increases of 166,756 tons and $190,625,
respectively. It is announced that a contract for
supplying 100,000 tons for Java has been obtained
for Newcastle. This, following the recent order
from Java for 90,000 tons, indicates that New­
PROMPT
SHIPMENTS
GUARANTEED.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
castle may regain a considerable portion of lost
trade in the East. Other principal exports totaled
in value $1,230,036; the increase of $433,601
is accounted for in the fact that 1,421,661 pounds
of frozen mutton were shipped in the nine months
last year, and 4,700,351 pounds this year, and that
undressed lumber advanced from 1,091,226 superficial
feet to 2,663,203 superficial feet.
Over-sea imports at Newcastle had a value of
$3,357,823 in the nine months ended Sept. 30, 1913,
or practically the same as in 1912.
The Litts Coal Co., Coburn, Va., will develop
7,000 acres of coal in Knott county, Ky.
HOW TO KEEP IN
TOUCH WITH
AFFAIRS.
Mines of information on every subject are at
your disposal—Just say the word and we'll
drive an entry for you - - - - - - - -
USE OUR
PRESS CLIPPINGS.
Ours is the only Clipping Bureau in the greatest
Industrial Center of the World.
We have two branches—
A LOCAL SERVICE—AND—A GENERAL SERVICE.
J Both are splendid aids to busy men.
Ask us for definite information
) and rates.
| The Ceotral Press Bureau,
< 90S.. 908 W»««6H BUILDING,
! Ttl.phon. 2164 Curt. PITTSBURGH, PA.
DERRY GLASS SAND COMPANY
MANUFACTURERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGH GRADE CRUSHED ROCK SAND
For Motor, Engine and Building Purposes.
GENERAL OFFICES: LATROBE, PA.
PHONE 200.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTMORELAND COAL CO.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE.
224 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLLIERY OWNERS, MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
THE STANDARD
WESTMORELAND COAL
MINES LOCATED IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.
This Coal is unexcelled for gas-making, both In illuminating and for producer work.
For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high-pressure
steaming, and In all places where a strong and pure fuel is required, it has no equal.
JAMES G. GEEGAN. GENERAL MANAOER F. J. MULLHOLAND. SALES MANAGER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL 'PHONE, 2517 COURT P & A "PHONE, M 151
J. H. SANFORD COAL COIVIPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS :
Moisture i.53 BEST FOR STEAM AND
SKST -•-•-•-• 56... DOMESTIC USES
Ash 6.17
Sulphur - - - - - 1.79
{ B. T. U. per pound of Dry Col, 13544.3 ° fficCS : ' 3 ' 5 Patk Bu_dinft PITTSBURGH.
Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory BeU p 1822-1823-1824
Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1913, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAI, TRADE BITLI.ETIX,
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBUBQH.
Long Distance Telephone L'OO Grant.
I Entered at the l'ost Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
WEATHER SEEMED TO BE THE PRINCIPAL PHASE
of the coal trade during the first half of the month
and it was unseasonable weather at that. Prom
all the trade centers came almost identical re­
ports—unseasonable weather coupled with light
demand and hesitation on the part of consumers
tc stock up with any considerable amount of fuel.
The net result was somewhat of a stagnation of
trade and an easing up in the way of prices that
brought them down to circular figures as a rule.
Lake trade figures, not yet available, are likely
to show broken records as predicted in these col­
umns, if Buffalo shipments and ore tonnages are
any criterion. The season practically is ended
although a few cargoes are yet enroute and until
they arrive final figures are not available. The
fact that upper lake docks are yet overstocked
shows that when the cold weather rally comes the
big season will have proved none too large.
Car supply is not troubling the producers just
now as they seem more plentiful than for some
time and indications point to a still further ple­
thora of supply.
The labor situation is practically the same as
at the opening of the month, with the Colorado
trouble unsettled and petty strikes bothering opera­
tors here and there in other fields.
PITTSBURGH, DECEMBER 15, 1913 No. 2
The Pittsburgh district is feeling the effects of
the almost summer-like weather as much as an>
other field in the country, and, with the lake sea­
son over, mines are operating now at about 80 per
cent, of capacity as a maximum figure. Because
of the high temperatures and slowing down in
industrial lines the demand is not so intense and
the result is a return to card prices as the ruling
basis, where, at the opening of the month, there
was a tendency to cling to premium figures. While
the larger sizes hold their own, slack seems to
have more firmness than other grades, and is main­
taining its ground without much trouble. With
demand moderate prices are held at $1.30 to $1.40
for run-of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for three-
qua.rter coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-
quarter coal and slack at SO to 90 cents.
The battle of prices continues to be the main
point in the coke trade, and with over 12,000 ovens
idle in the Connellsville region, the production
for the last week reported shows the lowest ton­
nage of the year. This has had a tendency to
aid the manufacturers in their contention for a
profitable price and they are insisting on con­
tracts for 1914 being at a figure that, at least, does
not mean a loss. Quotations are held at card
prices of $2.50 to $2.75 for furnace coke and $3.50
to $3.75 for foundry coke.
There is little to comment on in the anthracite
trade save the annoyances of the petty strikes
and the fact that indications are the shipments for
the year will hardly equal those of 1911. Prices
rule at winter card figures and the likelihood of
any change in this respect is remote.
• • •
IRON ORE SHIPMENTS FROM CJPPER LAKE REGIONS
to the furnaces of the valleys and the Pittsburgh
district are over for the year. The figures show
that all previous records for one season have been
surpassed and the prediction that the 50,000,000
ton mark would be reached practically is fulfilled

20 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
for the figures show that considerably over 49,-
000,000 tons have come down by boat. This huge
total is another indication that when the final coal
figures are at hand another record will be broken.
ANOTHER OLD ADAGE HAS BEEN PROVED. According
to Secretary of Commerce Redfield, American ex­
ports and imports show that trade conditions are
not what they may seem, thereby proving the say­
ing that things always are not what they seem.
There has been considerable pessimistic sentiment
bruited about. His statement shows that the pes­
simists continue to look only at the hole in the
doughnut and do not see the delicious doughnut
surrounding it.
* * *
TWO OE THE IMPORTANT MIXING INSTITUTES Of the
country have held their sessions during the fort­
night. _.t these meetings some of the brightest
coal men in the country have been present and
have expressed their opinions on various subjects
connected with the trade, with mining and with
the perplexities that confront those engaged in the
industry. Several of the papers presented at these
meetings appear in this issue of THE COAL TRADE
BULLETIN and they are well worth perusal. These
meetings are among the bright spots in the indus­
try as they bring practical men together and per­
mit of the exchange of views that will work for
the betterment of the trade in every way.
* * *
MINE WORKERS' ELECTIONS ARE BEING HELD in
different section of the country just now. These
elections are being watched by the trade as a
whole more closely than they were at this time last
year, as the officers chosen now will be the ones
to negotiate the wage scale at the expiration of
the present one in March, 1914. Some changes
are being made, but in the main the miners are
entrusting their affairs to the men who have
guided them for a year past, and in some instances
for a decade or more. Meanwhile every effort is
Iieing put forth to solidify tse ranks of the men
against the time when they will meet the opera­
tors in conference over the scale.
MINE INSPECTORS OF PENNSYLVANIA HAVE BEEN
TOLD to enforce more rigidly the laws governing the
operation of the mines of the state because figures
received at the department of mines show the
principal cause of accidents is the fall of roof.
As roof falls will decrease in number in proportion
to the care exercised by the miners is increased,
the action of the department in ordering more cars
in this respect is worthy of commendation, and
the state officers should have the support of all
connected with the mining industry in carrying
out a strict compliance with the law.
* * *
PETTY STRIKES CONTINUE TO BE THE BANE OF THE
COAL INDUSTRY. In most cases these could be
obviated if the men would live up to their con­
tract, or would take the matter up along the lines
laid down in the scale under which they are work­
ing. Instead they walk out of the mines, and
there follow two or three days of idleness with
consequent loss of wages to the men, loss to the
operator and disarrangement of the affairs of both.
ft would be far better if a less precipitate course
were taken.
Prom the number of receiverships announced
lately it looks as if the government officials' state­
ment that the coal trade was bankrupt is a mighty
good guess.
* * *
And still the petty strike
Bobs up to vex mine owners
No matter how they'd like
To have them gone forever.
• • •
Weatheritis was the principal ailment of the
coal trade during the fortnight. The doctor for
the disease is named Jack Frost.
* * *
New ideas seemed to float through the air at
mine meetings during the fortnight.
* * *
May you have a merry Christmas with lots of
orders in your stocking.
* * »
Iron ore shipments just missed the fifty million
mark by a few cargoes.
* * *
Miners' elections sure attract attention these
days.
A new coal field has been discovered near Brownwood,
Tex.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, 21
COAL MINING INSTITUTE HOLDS SUCCESSFUL WINTER SESSION
AND ELECTS OFFICERS
The twenty-ninth winter session of the Coal
Mining Institute of America, the oldest organization
of its kind in the United States, convened
Dec. 4 in the assembly room of the Port Pitt
hotel, Pittsburgh, with a large number of the members
in attendance. President W. E. Fohl, a
mining engineer of this city, presided. After a
short address of welcome by the president a business
session was held.
A resolution for a committee to co-operate with
the state bureau of mines in regard to an investigation
of portable electric mine lamps was adopted.
Among those at the opening session were: Dr.
Edward W. Parker, statistician of the United
States Geological survey, of »\'ashington, D. C;
C. L. Clark, of Wilkes-Barre; R. N. Hosier, of Indiana;
John I. Pratt, state mine inspector; Dr.
W. R, Crane, dean of the mining department of
Pennsylvania State college; F. H. Shallenberger;
Thomas K. Adams, mine inspector, of Mercer;
Jesse K. Johnston, of Charleroi, and Elias Phillips,
of Dubois.
Following the business session Mr. Harrington
Emerson, of New York, read a paper in "Efficiency
of Bituminous Coal Mining" that elicited some
considerable discussion.
Perhaps the most important part of this discussion
came from T. L. Lewis, ex-president of
the United Mine Workers, who said that he agreed
with many of the declarations of the speaker, and
who broadened out to a somewhat general discussion
of the relations existent between the mine
operators and their working forces.
One thing he said was that until such time as
the coal mine operators get together in an united
body they will be afflicted with the arbitrary demands
of miners, for the reason that the miner
thinks, and rightly, he asserted, that if the mine
owner does not get a remunerative price for his
coal it is no concern of the miner, who places a
value on his labor; and he maintains that the
mine owner should place a remunerative price on
his coal. He declared that coal is being furnished
to the consumers of this country at a price that
does not compensate the owners of mines, and
that, as a result, there is always contention between
the miners and their employers when there
should be peace, harmony and co-operation.
Coal is a necessity of life, he declared, and because
it is the men who produce it should receive
a fair rate of profit on its production. He asserted
that its heaviest cost to the ultimate consumer
is in transportation and distribution, and
he resented with scorn the prevalent opinion,
voiced througr press and from platform, that the
coal mine owner and operator is a man of sin,
without conscience and devoid of feeling for humanity.
He asserted that in his long experience
w ith mine operators he had never found men of
more generous impulses or feeling, nor any who
were less open-minded to reason and the relation
of facts to conditions which confronted them and
their working forces.
This was followed by a paper on "Safeguarding
the Use of Electricity in Mines" by Clyde G.
Brehm, electrician of the Oliver & Snyder Steel
Co., of Uniontown, Pa.
The final paper of the afternoon session was
one by Jesse K. Johnston, of Charieroi, Pa., on "A
Study of Wages and Selling Price of Coal in the
Pittsburgh District," which contained some important
and hitherto unpublished statistics.
The annual banquet was held at 6.30 and along
with the dinner some additional discussions were
had.
Mr. Lewis amplified his ideas advanced during
the afternoon and urged, with citation of facts,
statistics and an eloquent appeal, the organization
of the mine owners into district, state and
national organization. He said that the miners
are organized, that that is a fact; that there will
always be a miners' organization, and that the
coal mine owners must realize and recognize this
fact. He said it is useless lor mine owners to
delude themselves with the dream of being able
to operate their mines on a non-union basis, because
this is an age of organization in all departments
of business life; an age when men of intelligence
recognize the benefits that accrue from
working en masse for the achievement of desired
results, and that the man who attempts to oppose
this idea will find himself not only in a minority,
but who will meet the fate of those who fight
against natural laws.
There were several non-union mine managers in
the meeting, and in their comments they generally
agreed with Mr. Lewis' generalities, but dissented
from his conclusions. However, the sentiment
was that there should be an organization,
and there was commendation of Lewis' declaration
that strikes are not only a stupid and ridiculous
thing, but entirely unnecessary. He said they
are economically wrong, outrageous, and unnecessary;
because they can be avoided by the exercise
of intelligence.
Among those who spoke during the banquet, in
addition to Mr. Lewis was Mr. H. M. Wilson of
the United States Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh sta-

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tion, who talked on "Industrial Safety." Among
other things he said that the mining industry was
the pioneer in the safety movement which has developed
into such wide signilcance as the "safety
first" campaign.
The committee on electrical affairs, including
Charles A. Means, an electrical engineer or Pittsburgh;
R. N. Hosier, chief engineer of the Indiana
division of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal
& Iron Co. of Indiana, and J. Harris Booker, of
Monongahela, was announced by President Fohl.
C. L. Clark, superintendent of the New Alexandria
Coal & Coke Co., and H. J. Meagher, a mine superintendent
of Elk Lick, were appointed auditors.
The second day's sessions showed more than 100
members present, and the meeting was turned over
to the continuation of the question box, discontinued
at the banquet the previous evening on account
of insufficient time. John I. Pratt, state
mine inspector, of Pittsburgh, assumed charge
of the meeting.
The question, "Are accidents in the mines more
frequent among the foreigners from Italy, Hungary,
Poland, etc., than among the English-speaking
peoples?" was discussed by H. I. Smith, of the
United States Bureau of Mines, of Pittsburgh,
and Prof. H. H. Stoek, professor of mine engeering
in the University of Illinois.
Mr. Smith showed charts which demonstrated
that in the state of West Virginia accidents to
foreigners and English-speaking people were almost
equal. Prof. Stoek said that if a census of
all the coal mining sections were taken, it would
be ascertained that accidents to the English-speaking
people were more frequent than those to the
foreigners, because, he said, the foreigners are
more timid and not nearly so reckless in the mines
as the English-speaking people.
Speaking on "The Relative Effect on Men and
Small Animals of Small Amounts of Carbon Monoxide,"
G. A. Burrell, gas investigation chemist of
the United States Bureau of Mines, of Pittsburgh,
declared that canaries do not get acclimated to
after damp if exposed to it in doses such as would
eventually kill the birds and they are then withdrawn
from the gas unconscious and revived in
the fresh air. He said that they never become
in any awy immune and can be relied on as indicators
no matter how often used.
A paper on "Basic Coke" was prepared and read
by Mr. J. R. Campbell, chief chemist of the H. C.
Frick Coke Co., of Everson. In his paper Mr.
Campbell stated that 11\2 per cent, of lime was
gradually added to the coal in the coke oven to
produce basic coke.
In his paper on "What Is a Proper Method of
Sampling the Beehive Coke Ovens for Analysis?"
P. C. Keighley, general manager of the coal de­
partment of the Oliver & Snyder Steel Co., at
Uniontown, said that it is harder to sample coal
and coke right than it is to analyze it.
Mr. H. H. Clark, of the Bureau of Mines, explained
what was meant by a safety mine lamp,
in his paper on "Portable Electric Mine Lamps."
.Mr. Clark gave suggestions for specifications for
portable electric lamps. Thus far the bureau has
concerned itself only with safety, he stated, but
the intention is to guide the buyer to a right
choice of lamps by declaring what a good lamp
should be.
Pictures taken recently by Dr. W. R. Crane,
dean of the mining department of Pennsylvania
State College, during a trip through the Alaska
coal fields were shown.
The following officers were chosen for the year:
President. Jesse K. Johnston, general mine superintendent
of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., at
Creighton; first vice president, William Seddon,
mine superintendent, of Brownsville; second vice
president, A. P. Cameron, general superintendent
of the Westmoreland Coal Co., of Irwin; third vice
president, I. G. Roberts, state mine inspector, of
Uniontown; secretary-treasurer, Charles L. Fay,
of Wilkes-Barre; executive borrd, W. E. Fohl, mining
engineer, of Pittsburgh; George Gay, mining
engineer, of Uniontown; Joseph Knapper, state
mine inspector, of Phillipsburg. The various
officers of the institute are also members of the
executive board by virtue of their office.
"Modern Haulage" is the title of publication
No. 104, just issued by the Milwaukee Locomotive
Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee, Wis. It illustrates
and describes the different types of gasoline locomotives
and shows the many uses to which they
can be applied from plantation work to mine and
quarry work, as well as at manufacturing plants
and large supply houses.
The Koppel "Composite" mine car is fully illustrated
and described in a leaflet just issued by the
Arthur Koppel Co., Pittsburgh. The car is constructed
with a steel body and wood floor, and is
designed to meet the needs of mines everywhere.
Leschen's Hercules for December, published by
the A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co., is just out and
among other interesting features it contains views
and description of the Great Elephant Butte dam,
where Leschen ropes are in use.
O-B mine trolley wheels is the subject of a folding
postal card now being sent to the coal trade
by the Ohio Brass Co., Mansfield, 0. It has a
return card and puts its arguments succinctly.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
WEST VIRGINIA COAL MINING INSTITUTE HOLDS INTERESTING
SESSION
The twelfth semi-annual session of the West
Virginia Coal Mining Institute was held in Charleston,
W. Va., Dec. 8 and 9, Hon. Neil Robinson,
president, in the chair. Several hundred operators
of West Virginia and other states were present,
and the sessions were most interesting ones.
President Robinson delivered his address Dee.
S, which was of much interest and was listened to
with much interest, his subject being "The Mineral
Man." The other speakers for the forenoon
program were most fittingly adapted to the subjects;
Governor Hatfield on "Sanitation, and the
Health of Mining Communities," having for 15
years been a physician in one of the mining regeions
of the state, was fully prepared to handle
that subject in a most able manner. The governor
made statements of how sanitation had
not been observed in mining regions as it should
have been. The time has come, in the language
of the governor, when these most important things
in our citizenship, and in our greatest industry,
must not be neglected.
Dr. T. C. Johnson's subject, "The Prohibition
Law and Its Effects Upon Mining," was handled
by him in an able manner.
At the afternoon session of Dec. 8, "Public Sentiment."
was the subject discussed by Mr. George
F. Parker, of New York City.
Mr. Fred C. Keighley, of Uniontown, Pa., read
a paper on "A Contemplated Method of Meeting
the Difficulties Encountered in Mining Under a
Friable Roof in Connection with a very Soft Floor
or Bottom"; Hon. Lee Ott, of the Public Service
commission, spoke on the "Workmen's Compensation
Law," and told what the effects of the lawhad
been after two months' active working.
At the evening session a large audience was
present to hear former Gov. W. A. MacCorkle on
"The Panama Canal." The governor made an
interesting talk on what the completion of the
canal means. The governor pointed to a large
map of the world showing the steamship lines,
how the coal fields of the Ohio valley would be
to great advantage both from its location, and especially
from the quality of its coal.
After Governor MacCorkle'* iddress, "The Coal
Resources of Alaska" was discussed and illustrated
by Dr. W. R. Crane of State College, Pa.
At the opening session of Dec. 9 the officers were
re-elected, as follows: President, Neil Robinson,
Charleston; vice presidents, George T. Watson,
Fairmont, John Laing, Charleston, R. S. Ord, Maybeury,
J. F. Healey, Elkins, J. S. McKinley, Wheeling;
secretary-treasurer, E. N. Zern, Morgantown;
executive board, Lee Ott, Charleston; Clement Ross
Jones, Morgantown; Daniel Howard, Clarksburg;
J. J. Lincoln, Elkhorn; J. B. Hanford, Morgantown;
Frank Haas, Fairmont. The executive
board was empowered to select the place for the
June meeting.
The business was followed by a splendid paper
on "Reporting on Properties" by Mr. Frank Haas,
of Fairmont, W. Va.
The afternoon session was devoted to papers on
"Coal Markets and Selling Prices," by Mr. R. A.
Coller, of Cincinnati; "Pocahontas Mining Methods,"
by Mr. W. H. Grady, Bluefield, W. Va., and
"The Department of Mines," by former Chief John
Laing.
An enjoyable banquet closed the convention.
SECRETARY McADOO WANTS $9,000,000
FOR OHIO RIVER IMPROVEMENTS.
That the government, through the War Department,
intends pushing to early completion the canalization
of the Ohio river from Pittsburgh to
Cairo, 111., is revealed for the fiscal year 1915,
transmitted to Congress Dec. 1 by Secretary of the
Treasury W. G. McAdoo.
A total of $9,420,000 is carried for the Ohio
river and for completion of work in the Monongahela,
Four different projects under various
acts of Congress, and making a total of $9,237,000
is asked for the Ohio. Chief of these is $5,000,-
000 to continue the construction of locks and dams
below Pittsburgh with a view- to securing a ninefoot
stage all the way to Cairo. This amount
comes under the act of March 4, 1913. Under the
acts of February, 1911, and June, 1913, $1,911,000
is asked for locks and dams now under construction.
A similar project authorized by acts of February,
1911, and June, 1913, demands the sum of
$1,976,000, according to the Treasury estimates.
Aside from the work under way and other projects
to be launched when appropriations are available,
the Secretary estimates that $350,000 will be necessary
for maintenance of present locks and dams
and open channel work. There is also carried the
sum of $5,000 for the improvement of the harbor
at Pittsburgh.
For completing the new lock and dam No. 6 in
the Monongahela river near Charleroi $178,000 is
asked. No estimates are carried for Allegheny
river improvements and it is predicted that until
there is some general understanding relative to
the bridge question Congress will authorize no new
work.

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SUPREME COURT HANDS
DOWN SEVERAL DECISIONS.
Mining corporations must pay the corporation
tax imposed by the Payne-Aldrich tariff act, according
to the decision Dec. 1, by the U. S. Supreme
court.
Eight or ten million dollars have been paid to
the government by such corporations, under protest,
and 500 suits and claims were started to recover
the money.
The case came to the court through Stratton's
Independence, limited, of Colorado, which unsuccessfully
contended that proceeds from ores mined
by a corporation from its own premises was not
"income" within the meaning of the corporation
tax law, but a conversion of capital into money.
The court also held that the corporations were
not entitled to deduct the value of ore before it
was mined as "depreciation." Chief Justice White
and Justices McKenna and Holmes dissented on
the latter point.
The Illinois child labor law was sustained as
constitutional in the case of Arthur Beauchamp,
a 15-year-old boy, who recovered a verdict of $4,500
from the Sturges & Burn Manufacturing Co. for
laceration of his hand in a press. Justice Hughes
announced the decision. The company also defended
on the ground that the boy represented he
was more than 16 and, being more than 14, should
be held responsible for his statement. The court
held the company employed him at its peril.
The Lackawanna railroad must pay a $2,000
fine for transporting its own hay to feed mules in
its mines. That, in the opinion of the court, was
a violation of the commodities clause of the Hepburn
law and a conviction in a lower court was
sustained.
Rates on grain and other commodities over the
Louisville & Nashville railroad were approved by
the court in the so-called Kentucky state rate case.
The decision of the federal court, of that state,
affirming the McChord law, enabling the Kentucky
state railroad commission to fix reasonable rates
on intrastate business, was held valid.
Five coal freight discriminati-)n cases against
the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. were decided in
favor of the company by the ITnited States Circuit
Court of Appeals at Philadelphia, Dec. 4. Five
coal operators obtained judgments in the Eastern
District court against the railroad. These were
reversed on the appeal of the company in all the
cases, which were argued early in November. The
operators were the Carbon Coal & Coke Co., John
Langdon. Mt. Equity Coal Co.. J. Herbert Sweet,
et al., executors and Eichelberger & Co. The damage
that had been assessed by the verdict in rase
of Carbon Coal & Coke Co. alone was over $5S,U00.
WEST VIRGINIA COULD SUPPLY
WORLD'S COAL - IFTY YEARS.
According to figures just given out, the state
of West Virginia could supply enough bituminous
coal to keep the world going for the next 50 years
if all other coal mines were to shut down.
The United States government estimate shows
that only one state in the union has more coal
than West Virginia, and a table recently com'
piled by a large insurance company sets forth that
niining in that state is as safe as any place else
in the world, safer than in most states.
By a late calculation of the world's reserve there
are 4,000,000 million tons of bituminous coal still
unmined, and of this amount 271,080 millions are
in America. Dr. I. C. White, the West Virginia
state geologist, declares there are 55,000 million
tons of unmined coal in West Virginia. The entire
world uses a little over a billion tons a year.
Recently a man interested in conditions under
which miners work in West Virginia, made a trip
through the Fairmont region and found in that
field alone 25 per cent, more men could find lucrative
employment. Mine owners in that field are
putting up new houses and are spending thousands
of dollars to improve living conditions.
They expect that the coming year will be the
most prosperous in the history of the state, and
that men employed in the mines will have an
opportunity to make more money than ever.
OPEN LETTER TO MINERS AND OPERATORS
Mr. John P. Reese, president of the American
Mine Safety association, has sent out the following
letter:
To the Coal Operators and Miners' Unions of the
United States.
Gentlemen:—As president of the American Mine
Safety association, I consider it my duty, as well
as a pleasure, to call your attention to and invite
you to join and support this "Joint Movement"
for safer mining in the United States. This organization
is one that should receive the moral
and financial support of every miner and operator
in the country regardless of any and all other
considerations. Associate membership can be
securey by any coal company or any organization,
local union, or group of mine workers at a cost of
ten dollars ($10) per year. Can you afford to
fail or refuse to tr.'-_ out such membership? "Do
it now" by making application to Mr, H. M. Wilson,
Fortieth and Butler streets, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
who is secretary-treasurer.
Hoping this appeal will not be in vain, I beg
to remain. Yours for safer niining,
(Signed) JOHN P. REESE,
President American Mine Safety
Association.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
COLORADO STRIKE SEEMS LOST TO UNION
The Colorado strike situation seems to have
settled down to a question of the union's endurance.
Dependable reports are that the companies
lack less than 1,500 men of the full complement
necessary to operate their mines to capacity. The
production has been increasing rapidly in the past
fortnight. The state mine inspector's report for
October shows a production of 545,155 tons as
against 979,644 tons in October, 1912. From this,
it is apparent that even at that time over half
the mines' capacity was being secured, which is
well in line with the public statements of the
operators at that time.
The union has lost its fight. It is calling a convention
of the State Federation of Labor to take
place December 16th, in which an effort will be
made to bring about a sympathetic state-wide
strike of all crafts. This scheme is bound to fail
as most of the trades have contracts which they
cannot afford to violate.
United Mine Workers leaders are under indictment
by the federal grand jury for alleged violations
of the Sherman anti-trust law.
The operators on Dec. 1 presented to Secretary
of Labor Wilson their formal answer supplementing
their acceptance of the governor's suggestions
and stating that they feel the joint suggestions
of the governor and secretary should not be considered
until the miners as individuals have had
the chance to vote on the original proposition of
the governor, which includes all points involved
except the reconstruction of the union and an increased
wage scale.
Secretary Wilson then postponed his return to
Washington because of this position taken by J.
F. Welborn, D. W. Brown and J. C. Osgood, representing
the operators.
The stenographic report of the conference shows
that Archie Allison, David Hamon and T. X.
Evans, who represented the miners, agreed to submit
any basis of settlement to the miners direct
and not to officials of the union.
The operators' letter to Secretary Wilson reads:
"We acknowledge receipt of your letter of Nov.
27. We have delayed answering pending the completion
of the transcript of the stenographic notes
of the proceedings of the conference with our former
employes held Nov. 26, which transcript we
received late last night.
"Before the receipt of your communication Nov.
27 we had accepted the terms suggested by Governor
Ammons for a termination of the present
strike.
"The conditions proposed by him were submit­
ted as a result of the conference of Nov. 26, at
which he presided, between three of our former
employes now on strike and ourselves, and during
a portion of which conference you were present.
"It was thoroughly understood by all present
at that conference that Governor Amnions should
prepare a synopsis or statement of the result of
the conference, which, if it met with your approval,
was to be submitted to the men on strike
by our former employes who attended the conference.
"The understanding is clearly evidenced by the
following extract from the record of the conference:
" 'Secretary Wilson—As I understand this situation,
you have agreed to meet these men to discuss
the situation with them so they might have
an understanding of what your position is; they
baving secured an
UNDERSTANDING OE YOUR POSITION,
are not to take any proposition that you may have
back to the officers of the United Mine Workers of
America, whoever they may be, or any other organization,
as an organization, but are to take
your proposition back to the workmen.'
"'Mr. Welborn—Yes, sir; their understanding
of our position.'
" 'Mr. Secretary Wilson—Yes, they take it not
to the officers of the organization, but to the workmen.
Now, having taken your position back to
the workmen, it would then be for the workmen to
determine whether or not they would accept.'
"We promptly and in good faith accepted the
conditions proposed by Governor Ammons. but
they have not been presented to, or passed upon
by the miners now on strike in accordance with
the conference understanding, which was clearly
expressed by you.
"We think that you must agree w-ith us that it
cannot be said that the conference was a failure
until the miners have had an opportunity to accept
the governor's suggestions, or that any other plan
should be presented or considered, until this is
done.
"Sincerely.
"J. F. WELBORN,
"D. W. BROWN.
"J. C. OSGOOD."
The following is the letter sent to the governor:
"We acknowledge receipt of a letter signed
jointly by W. B. Wilson, secretary of labor, and
yourself.
"We wish to call your attention to the record
of the proceedings of the conference held Nov. 26.
between thr?e of our former employes, now on

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
strike, and ourselves, at which you presided; as
a result of which, you addressed us a letter containing
your suggestions for a termination of the
strike, which we promptly accepted; and we particularly
call your attention to tbe statements of
Secretary Wilson on page 251 of tbe records.
"Until your proposal for a settlement of tbe
strike has been submitted to tbe miners now on
strike in accordance with the conference understanding,
we think that you will agree with us
that no other plan should be presented or considered.
"Sincerely,
"J. F. WELBORN,
"D. W. BROWN.
"J. C. OSGOOD."
After receiving the above letters Gov. Ammons
and Secretary Wilson held a conference and the
latter sent a letter to the miners and operators
withdrawing the joint
PROPOSITION FOR ARBITRATION
of the strike situation, pending a referendum vote
by the miners on the proposition of the governor.
On the same date, at Pueblo. Col., an attempt to
secure a monopoly of labor was charged in indictments
returned by the federal grand jury against
national officers of the United Mine Workers of
America. The men named are:
J. P. White, president: Frank* J. Hayes, vice
president, and William Green, secretary and treasurer.
Conspiracy in restraint of interstate commerce
in violation of the federal anti-trust law, was
charged in indictments against officials of tbe
United Mine Workers of America, as follows:
Frank J. Hayes. John R. Lawson, Adolph Gernier.
Robert Uhlrieh, A. B. McGary, James Morgan,
Charles Batey and Edgar Wallace, editor of
the United Mine Workers Journal.
Several other indictments were returned against
miners for alleged depredations against property.
The jury prepared a long report in which mining
conditions are reviewed. It ends with recommendations
that the mining laws be more diligently
enforced, that the governor should be empowered
by tbe legislature to regulate or suspend
the sale of ammunition and explosives during
strike trouhles, that in cases of dispute both parties
should be required by law to operate the mines
pending settlement.
Methods of the United Mine Workers are severely
condemned, the report saying:
"The methods pursued by tbe United Mine Workers
of America in their endeavors to force recognition
of their union by the coal mine operators
in this state are an insult to conservative and lawabiding
labor. They have brought experienced
strike agitators and have armed hundreds of irre­
sponsible aliens, who have become a menace to the
peace and prosperity and even the lives of citizens.
They created open insurrection in Southern
Colorado and have resorted to measures which
all fair-minded labor organizations repudiate. The
officers in charge of many of the tent colonies confess
their inability to control the men whom they
have armed and aroused.
"Evidently no qualification is necessary for membership
in the United Mine Workers of America.
other than a promise to pay dues, which are apparently
used to support insurrection and lawlessness
when necessary to
FORCE THEIR DEMANDS
by intimidation and fear whenever strikes are
called."
The referendum vote of the miners on Gov.
Amnions' proposition to end the strike was begun
Dec. 2.
The same date the military commission announced
that Robert Uhlrieh, president of the
Trinidad local of the United Mine Workers, had
confessed to supplying strikers at the Ludlow
tent colony with arms and ammunition on Oct. 27,
the day preceding the fatal battle at that place.
Uhlrieh told the commission he was of German
birth and an unnaturalized resident of the United
States and that be would not become naturalized
because he did not approve of many things for
which the American government stands. The
military commission continued its investigation of
the strike situation.
The formal call for a convention of representatives
of every labor union in Colorado, to meet in
Denver Dec. 16, was issued Dec. 3 by John Mc­
Lennan, president, and W, T. Hickey, secretary of
the State Federation oi Labor. The convention
will consider the question of calling a state-wide
sympathetic strike in support of the ITnited Minp
Workers on strike in the Colorado coal fields. In
this connection the operators have issued an ultimatum
in which the striking miners are given until
Jan. 1 to return to work.
The ultimatum of the operators is addressed to
the "Coal Employes of the Rocky Mountain Fuel
Co.. tlie Victor-American Fuel Co. and the Colorado
Fuel & Iron Co." It follows:
"The coal companies have arranged to secure
men outside of the strike district with which to
operate their mines to capacity, and confidently
expect within 30 days to have all the men required.
Tt is the desire of the operators that the
old employes return to work before the mines are
filled with other workers, and preference will be
given to tbe men now- on strike who have not
been guilty of violence, up to Jan. 1, 1914, after
which date no more men will be required. Some
of the mines are now working with a full force,
fCONTINUED ON PACE 58)

DIRECTOR HOLMES OF BUREAU OF MINES
TALK-, OF T-IE ALA&KA COAL FIELDS.
Diiector Joseph A. Holmes, of the U. S. Bureau
of Mines, in a recent interview on the Matanuska
coal neid of Alaska said:
"Our special work in Alaska was with reference
to Uncling a quantity ot coal suitaule for naval
use and under conditions suitable tor mining operations.
We had 20 miners to aid the mining engineers
and finally selected one opening on the
Matanuska river that covered about 800 tons of
coal, which is to be biougnt down the Matanuska
river on the ice to tidewater during the coming
winter. There it will be turned over to the Navy
department for actual ship test by one of the
cruisers. The situation of the Matanuska field is
about 45 miles northeast of the head of Cook inlet.
George Watkins Evans, mining engineer, of Seattle,
was in immediate charge of the prospecting
and extiaction of the coal. He has just finished
his part of the work and returned to Seattle.
"The work remaining to be done is to get the
coal to tidewater; but this cannot be done until
the river freezes solid. The bringing of the 800
tons of coal a distance of 45 miles over the ice
is a more serious problem than prospecting for coal
during the summer. The coal will be carried
on No. 5 Common-sense bobsleds hauled by two
or four horses to each sled as may be required.
Double-ender sleds, each pulled by one horse, will
be employed as supplementary to the larger sleds.
The condition of the ice on Matanuska river is
what makes the problem of haulage a serious one.
The climatic changes are irregular. The ice
breaks and the water overflows, freezes into ice
and breaks again, forming a rough surface, and
the wear of the projecting ice quickly mixes with
the snow and becomes slush. There is added to
this difficulty the fact that the banks of the river
are sandy and gravelly in so many places and the
wind frequently drives the sand and gravel over
the ice, forming a sanded floor instead of a smooth
ice surface. These are the problems to be met
and the hauling of this coal down the river will
be an experinment, as it wiil be the first attempt
made at hauling large quantities and heavy loads.
The coal-carrying capacity of the single-horse
double-ender sleds is about two tons. The capacity
of the No. 5 bobsled is four or five tons.
Bins or sled boxes will be built on the sleds and
the coal loaded in as compact form as possible.
"There has been one experiment made, in hauling
a small sawmill up the river by one of tbe
mining companies using horses and sleds, but I
understand it required more than one month of
time to make the trip of 45 miles. During the
past winter mining companies on Copper river,
where the conditions are somewhat similar, were
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
able to make an average of five miles a day with
horses and sleds. They hauled over two or three
tons on single-horse sleds. They solved the problem
of smoothing the roadway by using a snowplow
which was pulled by eight horses. The
snow-plow went ahead of the double-ender sleds.
The purpose was to push all the rough ice and
snow out of the way and leave a smooth track.
They hauled their machinery, including steel pipe
for hydraulic work, a distance of 260 miles into
the interior of Alaska, following this method of
haulage.
"The Matanuska river region never gets as cold
as in the interior and the new ice that forms on
top of the overflows on the river is not always
very strong. The region is so isolated during the
winter that we cannot take in either horses or
supplies after early November and we cannot get
them out before about the first of May. It is
estimated that during that time the winter conditions
will probably be favorable to hauling the
coal for not more than two months of actual time;
but whether it will be the first two or last two
months or scattered through the season one week
at a time, nobody knows. So it required preparation
in excess of what would ordinarily be required
if good conditions were assured.
"The Matanuska region gives greater promise of
agricultural development than any other part of
Alaska that I have visited. It will be an easy
region for the building* of railroads and publichighways,
so that an agricultural population can
easily develop there which would supplement the
mining operations."
COAL BEDS IN PAYETTE VALLEY, IDAHO.
During the summer of 1911, while engaged in
examining supposed coal lands in the Snake river
valley, C. P. Bowen, of the United States Geological
survey, and C. T. Kirk made an investigation
of the coal beds of Horseshoe Bend and Jerusalem
valley, on Payette river, Idaho. The main
results of that work have been published as Bulletin
531-H of the Geological survey, a copy of which
may be obtained free on application to the director
of the Geological survey, Washington, D. C.
No definite statements regarding the extent or
continuity of the coal beds can be made. So far
as surface indications go, the coal is of sufficient
thickness to justify development at only two localities.
The area underlain by coal at each of these
localities is probably small. . The coal at the
Henry mine has a pitch-black color, vitreous luster,
black streak, and dense structure. Blocks of
coal that had lain in the mine office for a year
were still firm, a fact which shows that the coal
might have storing properties.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Charging that the Royal Goshen Coal Co. has
mined 13 acres of coal from the Goshen Coal Co.
and has spoiled 20 acres of coal altogether, the
Goshen Co. has filed suit in common pleas sourt
at New Philadelphia, 0„ for $26,567.06 damages
from the Royal Goshen Co. The coal lands of the
two companies adjoin and the mines of both are
situated in Goshen township. C. L. Cassingham
of Cleveland is president of the Goshen Coal Co.
and C. D. Grimes and C. W. Burry, both of New
Philadelphia, are owners of the Royal Goshen
mine.
The suit entered by the Hocking Valley railroad
against the Lackawanna Lumber & Coal Co. for
$30,000, in the United States district court at
Charleston, W. Va., recently, brings up a new
question with relation to floods and their effects.
Last March the railroad company was forced to
change the route of cars billed by the Faint Creek
Collieries Co., for which the Lackawanna Co. is
the holding corporation, on account of floods in
Ohio. The rerouting charges amounted to $30,-
000, and the railroad asks judgment in that sum.
The Chesapeake & Ohio railroad won a victory
in the United States circuit court of appeals at
Cincinnati, O., Dec. 2, when it ordered back to the
district court for re-trial the McKell case. The
case was appealed from the decision of the district
court in which the heirs of Thomas McKell of
Chillicothe, 0„ were given judgment for $300,000
against the railrord for alleged breach of contract.
The case was sent back because the court believed
that the amount of damage was speculative, as the
evidence showed no definite way of arriving at a
valuation of $300,000.
Suit for the appointment of a receiver for the
Standard Washed Coal Co. was filed in the Circuit
court at Chicago, recently, by James A. Bingham,
a stockholder. He says the company has
not done business for two years. Charges are
made that the affairs of the company were mismanaged.
Herbert E. Bell and Walter G. Zoller,
heads of the Bell & Zoller Co., are the principal defendants.
The Alabama State Railroad commission has
issued an order establishing a rate of SO cents a
ton on coal on all railroads running between Birmingham
and Selma. The old rate was $1 per
ton. The action of the commission in reducing
the rate on coal from the Birmingham mines to
Selma came as the result of a long and determined
fight waged by the Selma Chamber of Commerce.
The Lehigh Valley Coal Sales Co. declared a
cash dividend of 25 per cent, out of accumulated
surplus to stockholders of record Nov. 17. Stockholders
of record this date also have right to subscribe
to new stock, at par, to extent of 25 per
cent, of holdings. In substance, therefore, this
is a stock dividend of 25 per cent. Right to subscribe
terminates Jan. 14.
At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Burrell Coal Co., of Tarentum, Pa., held recently,
the following board of directors was elected for
the ensuing year: H. M. Brackenridge, Joel W.
Burdick, Oliver C. Camp, Robert J. Dodds, J. E.
McKelvey, John McGinley and John R. Taylor.
The rescue station of the United States Bureau
of Mines in Birmingham, Ala., is now equipped
with a 60-horsepower electric truck, which is capable
of carrying 10 passengers and the life-saving
apparatus. Trial trips to mines in the Birmingham
district are now being made.
At a meeting of the mine inspectors of the anthracite
field held recently at Wilkes-Barre it was
announced that 75 per cent, of the accidents in
the anthracite mines were due to three causes:
Fall of coal and rock, the use of powder and explosives
and to mine cars.
The Beaver Pond Coal Co., in its mines at Prestonburg,
Ky., has opened seam No. 2, known over
in West Virginia as the Borderland seam. The
Colonial Coal Co., of that region, has discovered
that the seam is continued over its territory and
will open it up soon.
Col. R. A. Phillips, general manager of the Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western Coal Co., was fined
$1,000 Dec. 3 for alleged violation of the Davis
mine-cave act. An appeal to court was taken immediately
and the legality of the act will be questioned.
State Mine Inspector J. C. Davis of Ohio, with
several deputies, has opened mine No. 7 at Murray
City, 0„ which was sealed up last March to check
a disastrous fire. It was found that the fire was
out and the mine will be placed in operation soon.
Dr. Joseph A. Holmes, director of the U. S. Bureau
of Mines, has informed Scranton business
men interested in the surface cave problem that
without special legislation by Congress the bureau
is unable to help solve the problem.
The Graham Coal & Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa„
at a meeting of stockholders elected officers as follows:
XV. J. Johnson, president; J. J. Graham,
vice president, and E. M. Everly, of Morgantown,
W. Va., secretary and treasurer.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
SANITATION AND HEALTH OF THE MINING COMMUNITY*
By Governor H. A. Hatfield, of West Virginia
History reveals the fact that man's antiquity
has been the cause of many arguments among students
of anthropology. When we read the history
of these recorded facts we cannot help becoming
amazed at the long, drawn out struggle before
the biblical chronological assumption was adopted
relative to the human race. But today we can
point to practically every civilized nation as having
accepted this theory as they have gone forward
in a sociological way toward more ideal accomplishments.
It must not be forgotten that
the first stages of man's development and his first
discoveries must have been by far the most difficult,
during the feebleness of his hour of abstract
reasoning. He fought with his fellows and on
occasions he learned to combine with them for
mutual protection. Hunger and animal passion
were the two great motor powers of man's early
life, and in his undeveloped state.
These historical facts are so closely allied with
the broad subject that has been given to me to
discuss before your organization that I cannot
pass them without making at least a reference to
them.
We have reviewed man through history from his
primitive life to a full grown, intellectual giant,
and we are convinced by actual experience of the
necessary elements which must surround him to
make him an indispensable asset to the well being
of society.
The one element that plays a greater role possibly
than any other single one is
CLEANLINESS.
This physical requirement, as you know, has been
well put by one of our writers as being next in
importance to godliness.
Some of the industrial camps in our state which
are used by the employes of our different corporations
and from which in some instances an
exorbitant rental is exacted are really disgraceful,
and such unsanitary conditions as surround
these camps cannot but have one tendency, and
that is toward degeneracy and undesirable citizenship,
which condition will prove to be an extravagance
to the operator of such industry far beyond
the expenditure necessary to guarantee a sanitary
camp free from germ bearing disease.
The subject which has been allotted to me and
which could not be dealt with other than in a
general way in the short space of time allotted to
me, is to my mind the paramount question with
which we have to deal today and the one that will
Paper read before the West Virginia Coal Mining Institute.
Charleston. W. Va.. December 8. 1913
piove a greater problem as time goes by. When
we come to think that this great republic has
grown in the short period of a century from three
million to a hundred million of people we can
see very well how this important question shall
of necessity be more seriously considered in the
future than it has been in the past. So important
and vital is this subject that it strikes at our
very existence, it determines and numbers our
days, it regulates our strength and ability to work,
both mentally and physically, and has a great deal
to do with the health and general physical makeup
of the generations which are to come. Our
vital existence is determined largely by our power
of resistance and our resistance is altogether determined
by our sanitary surroundings.
I am indeed glad to have this opportunity of
discussing the sanitation and health of mining
villages and point out in a general way its vital
importance, and to impress upon you the great
value both from an economic and humanitarian
POINT OF VIEW
of having the mine villages in as sanitary condition
as circumstances will permit, and to emphasize
to you the importance of seeing that the
physician who looks after the health of the different
mining camps does his duty in preventing as
well as curing diseases. The best method I believe
is to get your employes interested in frequent
lectures by the physician or some one connected
with the local or State board of health and
to impart to these employes the information as to
how to ward off diseases. You probably will be
surprised when I tell you that more than two
thousand people are dying annually in West Virginia
from tuberculosis alone.
You again may be surprised when I tell you that
a few years ago in the great city of New York
tuberculosis had a greater mortality than all other
( cntagious and infectious diseases combined. I
am sure it will be gratifying to you to learn that
alter the distinguished Herman Biggs was given
t barge of the health department of that city he
brought about a campaign against this dreadful
plague which has resulted in its mortality being
I educed below that of pneumonia combined. You
a-?ain may be surprised when I tell you that out
of several hundred post mortem examinations held
in the Bellevue morgue in New York City that 9S
per cent, of these examinations revealed the fact
that the lungs had been affected by tuberculosis
at some period during the life.
The working class of people is the class that
you find most frequently infected with this dread-

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ful disease. This is due to a great many causes.
In some instances to occupation indirectly, inhaling
of irritants, unsanitary surroundings in the
way of ill ventilation and numerous other causes.
I am sure many ol you know of houses in mining
camps occupied by
THREE AND FOUR TIMES
as many persons as there is space allotted for
them. I have observed this many times during
my professional career and have often times wondered
how these men could exist after sleeping in
a room with only a capacity of a thousand cubic
feet of air and go into the mines after regular
nightly experiences of this kind and do the hard
manual labor that was necessary. Of course,
there is but one answer—that their ability to cope
with this situation is on account of their enormous
natural resistance, which will sooner or
later be overcome, and when this happens their
body is attacked by some disease which makes
their recovery practically hopeless.
Ventilation of houses should be the subject of
instruction to the school children and this should
be a rigid requirement. It is not necessary for
a house to be stately, but it is essential to health
that it be comfoi table and that the occupants be
afforded proper ventilation and that the material
that goes into the house be of such composition
that warmth and dryness will be assured and that
its surroundings will be free from contamination.
One thousand cubic feet of air is essential for
each person and less than this will have a tendency
to lower the power of resistance and place the
vitality of those so deprived in a receptive mood
to diseases that would otherwise be thrown off it
such conditions did not exist.
I am often amused at seeing the cards displayed
by the different corporations of towns and municipalities
indicating that an ordinance makes it a
fine for expectorating on the sidewalk. It is more
dangerous to expectorate in the streets where the
moisture in the dirt will keep alive any bacteiia
which may exist in the sputum for an indefinite
period of time. It
IS THEREFORE SAFER
if we are forced to expectorate that we do it upon
the sidewalk for the reason that in 24 hours or a
longer period of time this sputum has been dessicated
by the sun and the bacteria has been destroyed
through this process because there is not
the moisture that is found in the dirt of the
streets to keep these bacteria alive.
It is only a matter of resistance that we all do
not develop tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, or
any of these forms of germ bearing diseases. We
inhale them daily. When our resistance is lowered
from various causes, among the most essential
of which I have heretofore discussed, we are
seized by some of these maladies and it is only a
question as to whether our resistance is sufficient
to overcome the virulence of the infection that
may attack us.
Doubtless you will agree with me when I say
that it is only in the last few years that in locating
and establishing camps was the sanitation and
consequently the health of the people given thought
and consideration. I am indeed glad to knowthat
this organization is interested in this subject,
and I shall feel amply rewarded if anything
that I say here today will give the members an
insight as to what their duties should be along
this line in the future.
I will take up the different problems with which
we have to deal when we attempt to obtain sanitary
conditions and discuss with you briefly the
best methods of solving them.
In camp sanitation we have the following main
factors with which to deal:
First, the water supply.
Second, the disposition of the sewerage.
Third, drainage.
Fourth, location and care of stables, pig sties,
and so forth.
Possibly the most important of these is to have
a pure
UNCONTAUINATED SUPPLY OF WATER.
The water should be free from vegetable matter,
ammonia or salts of ammonia, and should contain
no excess of saprophitic bacteria. In epidemics
of typhoid fever the water should always
be examined to see if this is the medium through
which the disease is contracted.
The presence of ammonia or salts of ammonia
in water may not be of itself harmful, but it is a
danger signal in that it proves the presence of
vegetable contamination, for the ammonia is derived
from decayed vegetable matter and upon investigation
you will find your water supply is
being contaminated by drainage from some stable
or similar source. Tne ideal water supply in this
state is from deep wells. You may say that the
deep wells are objectionable from the fact that
the water is always contaminated with iron, sulphur
and possibly other mineral substances, which
make it very unpalatable. I might agree that
this is true if it were not possible to eliminate all
of these objectionable elements if a little expenditure
is gone to for filtration and treatment of the
water with lime and soda and its flltration through
excelsior or some other filtering material. This
water should be pumped to a properly constructed
supply tar* and distributed through galvanized or
iron pipes from there to the places where it is
to be utilized. It is essential that all joints in
the pipe line should be made tight to prevent contamination
from surface drainage. The well as
a rule should not be less than 100 feet deep or of
sufficient depth to exclude the surface and subsoil

water. The depth, of course, should be governed
by the different strata found in various localities.
After assuring yourself of a pure supply of water
it is essential that it should be secure from contamination
by having it tightly cased from top
to bottom to keep out surface or
SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
After this has been accomplished the ground surrounding
the well should be so filled in and sloped
that the rain and snow falling upon the ground
would drain away from the well.
I have often times seen the pump which was
used in a surface .yell located in a more dependent
position than the territory which surrounded the
well, which you can see would permit the standing
of water either pumped from the well or deposited
there from the rain or snow fall to flowback
into the well and contaminate the source of
water supply with various kinds of water borne
bacteria.
The storage tank from a sanitary view point
should be of concrete and preferably should be
raised above the ground rather than built in it.
The tank should have a roof to keep out dirt and
debris and a trap at the bottom to facilitate the
cleaning of the sediment that may deposit from the
water.
I consider the properly cased deep well located
at a convenient point in the camp the second best
method of obtaining a water supply, and as previously
stated, great care should be taken to prevent
drainage into the well from around the
pump; to use water from the old fashioned shallow
well and from surface springs and ravines
where they are located around mining villages or
camps should be considered by the health officer
as a menace and a source of great danger to the
health and welfare of the occupants of these
camps and should in all cases be condemned by
the proper health officers. Such practices I do
not think should be permitted under any circumstances,
nor do I believe that if the operator or
owner knew of the great danger which he took in
using such water would be permit it to be utilized.
There are a great many good methods in use for
the distribution of sewerage. The best method
to use in any given case will depend largely upon
the
AMOUNT 0- MONEV
available for the purpose, whethe'* there is a
stream large enough to be used for a main sewer.
topography and so forth usually determine. The
most available method and the one most used by
our cities but not the one that I think should be
advocated from the fact that we contaminate the
streams that once were pure and free from all
water-borne diseases is that of using the same
stream for drinking and sewerage purposes, which
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
is being done throughout our country today. As
the population grows the contamination increases
and it looks to me as if it is almost an impossible
problem for sanitarians to solve the method which
will result in this being made a satisfactory and
healthful plan. It is a question that I have never
been able to reconcile myself to and one that I
do not believe it possible to accomplish. We may
be able to treat the water contaminated by sewerage
in such a way as to reduce the waterborne
diseases to a minimum and by so doing reduce the
number of bacteria, which in turn will minimize
the number of infections from waterborne diseases
to an occasional sporadic case; but as time goes
by and as the contamination of our streams becomes
greater is it not a fact that this is going
to be a problem that will have to be given a solution
in some other method than the way it is being
treated at the present time?
It is true that if you have a stream of such a
magnitude as will carry off the sewerage it is
considered today the most available way and the
one most used. The theory is that the saprophitic
germs contained in it will by the aid of the sunlight
soon change and render harmless the sewerage
dumped into it. But if there is not sufficient
water to carry the sewerage away or if it is
deposited on the banks instead of out in the water,
this method has failed in its purpose and the
sewerage becomes a menace and a
BREEDER OF DISEASE
which will sooner or later affect the health of the
entire community.
Of course, the above method is better used where
there is water under pressure and plumbing in
the houses.
Another good method for the final disposition
of sewerage is the well. In this you have a good
sized well lined and the bottom penetrating into a
layer of sand. The absorbing power of the sand
will take care of a great deal of the sewerage.
Of course, you can treat a w-ell of this kind with
lime, which practically destroys all that is not
taken up by the soil.
The sewerage can be either tiled or hauled to
the well, depending upon the facilities at hand.
Another method of disposing of sewerage is by
the use of the incinerator. I think this an ideal
method and the one that accomplishes more effectual
results in a way than any other. The coke
oven makes a first class incinerator. In this
method you provide boxes or cans to hold the garbage
and excreta from each house, collecting them
as often as necessary.
If you are going to use privies do not have
them open or on the bank of some little stream
where the flies and other insects have free access
to the excreta one minute and then the next to
your kitchen or the food on your table. Build

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
your privy boxes as near fly and light proof as
you can and put hinged covers over the holes of
seat boards. Furnish boxes to catch the excreta
and dispose of it as often as is necessary by one
of the methods I have previously discussed.
The drainage of a camp site is most important,
and is usually of little expense, yet in my experience
it seems to have been ignored more than anything
else. I can recall niining camp houses
built over creeks, on the edge of streams, against
hill sides, upon
HIGH TRESTLES
with no underpinning, leaving the space between
the ground and the floor open for a first class wallowing
place for pigs and dogs, thus forming an
ideal condition for the propagation and distribution
of all disease-causing germs.
Camps should always be established in high,
dry locations, having in mind at all times the
question of drainage. If this is impossible they
should be made dry by the use of tiles and fillingin
where necessary. Do not allow stagnant pools
of water to exist and cause disease among your
employes.
I have often seen a cow kept on the back porch
or under tbe floor; the hogs treated in a similar
way, or possibly in one room of a house; the
pig pen built up against the kitchen is not at all
a curiosity to the mining camp. This, of course,
is done to assure easy access to give slop to the
pigs. I have seen this a great many times and
I dare say that many of you have had the same
experience. All cow stables and pig pens should
be at least 500 feet from the house. If you do
not have level land the hillside should be utilized
for this purposes. Clean off the hill for 200 or
300 feet and require all stables and pens to be
placed above this line. This not only places these
houses at a safe distance from the camp, but adds
to the appearance of the community. The hogs
should be penned up and the owners should be
required to keep tmem in pens provided for this
purpose. Under no condition should they be
permitted to roam around the camp. The stables
should be kept open and clean. The country
health officer has authority and can be of great
assistance to you in these matters and it is to be
hoped that the new statute which gives the State
Board of Health more latitude will bring greater
results and guarantee more safety and protection
to the citizenship of our state from
DANGERS TO OUR HEALTH.
I do not think there is any question but that we
will see great changes brought about through the
co-operation of the Public Service Commission
and the State Board of Health. We have already
established a laboratory at the University which
is operated in the name of the State Board of
Health, and at which all water supplies will be
analyzed. A rigid investigation will be taken up
by this department and the public will be fully
informed as to the quality of water that is being
supplied them for domestic and other purposes.
We have already accomplished a few things
along this line for the people of the state. Our
work has just begun and I predict, gentlemen,
confidently that before the end of my administration
our state will be able to point with pride to
the great reduction of the mortality and number
of waterborne and other diseases in the future
over those of past years. Nothing will be left
undone to bring about this result, and there is no
reason why we should not have free and full cooperation
by those who own water companies as
well as those who own industries in this state
and who furnish employes with their water supply.
In building your camp you should always allow
;-, small yard for each house and if possible a gar­
den. By so doing your employe has an incentive
to beautify his premises and keep them neat and
clean in appearance and the children have a place
fcr recreation. You surround the family with a
hope of better and greater ideals and then you
have a more desiralne class of employes. Eni
ouragement should be given in the way of prizes
lo the employe who keeps his yard in the best
tondition and who has the greatest display of
garden products. The employes not only have
the pi ize to work for, but it gives them a stimulant
to work*, to investigate, to read and to betome
bettei* informed. Again it inspires them
with the idea that their employer is thinking of
their welfare and is
READY AND WILLING
to assist them in any way he can in the betterment
cf their conditions.
The company's physician holds one of the most
lesponsible positions in a mining community. He
should be made responsible for the sanitary condition
of the camp. His word should be heeded
and his advice adopted. In fact, he should be
made an official with full power to discharge his
duties along this line and his word should be law
in the regulation of the sanitary conditions of the
camp, the water supply, the food supply and evei y
element which goes toward building up a natural
resistance and preparing the employes at such
camp to better protect themselves against the lurking
diseases which are always found waiting an
opportunity to devour the man who earns his
living by his muscle at a period of time when his
resistance is lowered by the continual subjection
of his energies to the task before him which is
necessary in order to provide for those who are
dependent upon him.
There are some model mining camps in our
state, and it would be well worth the time of

every employer to visit them and to see the great
beneficial results that can be obtained by putting
into effect the up-to-date sanitary methods of
which I have spoken. Some of these camps have
concrete sidewalks, macadam roads, shade trees
set out along the street and yards, and in one
case of which I know there is a storage lake from
which the main sewer of the village is flushed
whenever needed. Opera house, billiard and pool
room, swimming pools, and a-1 of the amusements
that can be had in a town or city are afforded.
This same company expects to establish an electrical
power lino through tho village to the store
and the mine openings. This will be used to deliver
goods from the store and to carry the miners
to their work, and also will eliminate the necessity
of having a stable at the works, but will substitute
instead of the horse and mule, electrically
propelled machinery for all niining and other purposes.
Give the employes some amusement. Good reading
matter will have a far reaching influence.
Surround them with the comforts that are practicable
and assure them of a pure, wholesome supply
of water and all of the necessaries of life.
They will be better satisfied and will be perfectly
willing to pay a reasonable profit for this service.
They will be better satisfied and you will get
better results. You will also be helping to make
the lives of the wives and children of your employes
more pleasant. By giving them the advantage
of these opportunities you help to develop
their minds, broaden their views and give them
inspiration which will go far toward making their
prosperity reflect the improvements which you
may feel you w*>re instrumental in helping to
bring about.
C. C. Rose, superintendent of the coal department
of the Delaware & Hudson railroad, was
fined $1,000 by Magistrate W. S. Millar at Scranton,
Pa., Dec. 4, for violation of the Davis mine
cave law, in refusing to file with the bureau of
Mine inspection and surface support, maps of the
Marvine, Leggett's Creek, Von Storch and Manville
mines. An alternative of 90 days in the
county jail was given. After the imposition of
the fine Attorney James H. Torrey, appearing for
the defendant, gave notice of an appeal.
The Interstate Commerce commission Dec. 4
ruled that a railroad's obligation to furnish cars
to companies having connections with its lines,
is mandatory, and contracts with such concerns
cannot be relieved of such liability. The
decision was in the case of the Huerfano Coal Co.
of Colorado against the Colorado & Southeastern
railroad relative to distribution of coal cars in
times of car shortages.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
MANOR GAS COAL COMPANY POSTS
SAFETY RULES AT ITS MINES.
The Manor Gas Coal Co. has posted these safety
rules at its mines:
Safety First! Let us cut out accidents. Life
is the great gift of God. We are responsible for
our fellow-workmen.
Officials—
See that the men do not become careless.
See that all safety appliances are in good condition.
See that your men become acquainted with the
mining law, it is a great factor for their safety.
See that they obey it, and practice what you
preach.
Do not depend entirely on the superintendent's
word for the ability of the men he hires, all he
has is their word. Find out for yourself.
Do not take a chance; better be sure than sorry.
Miners, drivers and others:
Stop, look and listen before crossing a road
where motor or cars are likely to be in motion.
Do not step on track after trip has passed until
ycu are sure there are no other cars following.
Do not get in a rush on the way home.
Do not steal a ride to save time.
Do not imagine you know more than the men
v,ho compiled the present mining law.
Do not put off setting posts to save time.
Do not depend entirely on the officials for your
safety. Help yourself.
Do not meddle with electric w*ire.
Do not carry a drill or bar on your shoulder.
Any danger comingj under your observation.
kindly report to mine foreman or assistants.
Mules are animate beings, therefore lave feeling.
Avoid reckless running, you may kill yourself
cr another.
See that cars are properly coupled, and brakes in
good shape before starting.
You are responsible for anyone riding on your
trip.
Do not allow any unauthorized pertons to do
vour work, you will be held responsible for him.
See that posts and other material go to their
proper place, they are ordered because they are
needed.
See that safety appliances are in good shape,
any suggestions you make along the line of safety
will be appreciated.
Put forth every effort to avoid accidents and
your services will be appreciated.
In case you are called upon to render first-aid
do not over-do it, as a surgeon's services are at
your disposal at entrance of mine.
Let safety be your first consideration.
MANOR GAS COAL Co.,
Manor, Pa.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
COAL MINE FATALITIES IN THE
UNITED STATES FOR SEPTEMBER, 1913.
The reports received by the Bureau of Mines
from state mine inspectors show- that there were
166 men killed in and about the coal mines in the
United States during September, 1913, as compared
with 175 during the same month of 1912.
In making comparisons with 1912, however, it
should be borne in mind that reports for 1913 have
not been received from California, Georgia and
Oregon, states in which there is no inspection service.
Kentucky is not included in September, as
the operators are allowed 60 days by law to report
accidents to the state inspector. There was no
large disaster during the month.
Fatalities at coal mines during the first nine
months of 1912 and 1913:
1912. 1913.
January 252 214
February 213 200
March 360 194
April 81 27S
May 150 199
June 170 1S1
auly 193 17S
August 211 233
September 175 166
1,805 1,843
The total fatalities during the first nine months
of 1913 were 1,843 as compared with 1.S05 for the
same period in 1912, as shown in the accompanying
table. Deducting the 47 fatalities that are
charged to the above named states during the first
nine months of 1912, for which there are no comparable
figures for 1913, the figures become 1,843
fatalities for the first nine months of 1913 and
1,758 fatalities for the corresponding months of
1912. The actual gain in fatalities during the
first nine months of the year is 58. The principal
increases in fatalities over the corresponding
period of 1912 were as follows, by causes: Falls
of roof, 107; mine cars and locomotives. 59; suffocation
from mine gases, 7; total, 173. These
increases are partly offset by the following reductions:
Gas and dust explosions, 95; falls of face
or pillar coal, 31; shaft accidents, 4; mine fires,
7; total, 137.
Every one of the 20 double houses in Concrete
City, the model village of the Delaware, Lackawanna
& Western Coal Co., near Nanticoke. Pa.,
is now occupied. The houses are two-story structures,
50 x 25 feet, built of solid concrete, with
flat roofs and dark green trimmings. Each house
contains seven rooms, and has stationary wash
tubs, a buttery and a good dry cellar.
ESTIMATED COST OF UNITED
STATES BUREAU OF MINES.
The estimates of appropriations for the United
States Bureau of Mines, for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1915, as approved by Secretary Lane of
the Interior department, have just been forwarde 1
to Congress.
The estimates are as follows:
For general expenses of the Bureau of Mines,
$70,000.
For investigating mine accidents, $347,000.
For the equipment of mine rescue cars and stations,
$30,000.
Equipment of testing plant at Pittsburgh, Pa.,
$10,000.
For testing fuels, $135,000.
For mineral mining investigations, $120,000.
For inquiries and investigations of petroleum
and natural gas, $30,000.
For inspection of mines in Alaska, $7,000.
For books and publications, $2,000.
For lands, leases, etc., for mine rescue cars,
$1,000.
The total for the Bureau of Mines is $752,000,
an increase over the fiscal year ending June 30,
1914, of $90,000.
The item of $30,000 for the equipment of rescue
cars and stations is for the first time placed separately
in the estimates and represents an increase.
The $10,000 asked for the equipment of the testing
plant is a new item. The money is needed
for the purchase of steam and electric equipment.
The estimates set forth that the present power
and electric service plant at the experiment station
is on the eve of breakdown.
For the mineral mining investigations, an increase
of $20,000 is asked, from $100,000 to $120,-
000.
For the inspection of mines in Alaska, an increase
of $500 over the previous year is asked.
The same increase is asked for books and publications.
The item for lands, leases, etc., for mine
rescue cars is decreased $1,000.
The item of $30,000 for inquiries and investigations
of petroleum and natural gas is for the first
time placed separately in the estimates and represents
an increase. It calls for inquiries and investigations
concerning the mining, preparation,
treatment and utilization of petroleum and natural
gas, with a view to economic development,
and conserving resources through the prevention
of waste.
The Rockhill Iron & Coal Co. is electrifying
its mines at Robertsdale and Woodvale, Pa. An
alternating current plant will be installed at Woodvale
and current transmitted at high voltage to
the different operations. The Randolph-Means
Co. of Pittsburgh are the engineers.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
A STUDY OF THE WAGES AND SELLING PRICE OF COAL IN THE
PITTSBURGH DISTRICT*
) By Jesse K. Johnston, Chai leroi. Pa. )
In view of the fact that the present wage scale coal business is the most indispensable, the most
for mining bituminous coal in the competitive unprofitable, the most maligned, and misunderstates
expires April 1, 1914, I thought it might stood of all the mediums through which the welbe
interesting to give a study of the wages and fare of the people is secured. It is the most imselling
price of coal in the Pittsburgh district for portant, and most helpless, having in it the
the last 16 years, and set forth some facts and POWER TO COMMAND,
truths that are misunderstood by the public. and yet having a non-resistant mass, accepting
If the coal business could have some assurance only with a feeble process the criticisms of a misduring
the next two years that actual conditions informed public."
would be as favorable as today, then there would The public thought looks to a cheapening of
be no necessity for writing this paper. If we this essential product by destroying the produccould
just know where we are in regard to uncer- five machinery which now furnishes the cheapest
tainty and whither we are drifting in this period fuel in the world. Why is it then that the
of readjustment, reconstruction, and legislation, great coal industry in the thickly populated induswe
could better determine what to do, and how to trial district of Pittsburgh, producing 66,000,000
do it. tons of coal in the year 1912 in Allegheny, Wash-
It is not the purpose of this paper to set up any ington and Westmoreland counties, is not on a
wail of calamity on account of the new tariff or more solid business foundation.
currency reform, but simply to take facts and When you come to analyze it, the answer is,
truths and draw some conclusions about this great that the cost of production of which labor is 75
industry on which so much depends in the Pitts- per cent, the cost of overhead, the cost of s:ll:'ng
Burgh industrial district. in competitive markets, leaves a very small mar-
Nor is it my purpose to solve any solution or gin of profit for such a large investment.
offer any remedy, for the reason that individual One of the statements you hear frequently is
opinion is not infallible to prejudices and honest that the wages have not advanced in proportion
judgments, and that a panarea for the complaint to the selling price of coal, so it is well to nail
could only be found by a comprehensive review of that statement at once with actual facts.
every phase of the situation by a higher court of If you will refer to the chart and go back to
authority. the year 1897, you will find the mining rate in the
As one has said very truthfully, "As a whole the Pittsburgh district was 55 cents for lump coal
Year.
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
Per cent.
advance
Lump.
.55
.66
.66
.80
.80
.80
.90
.85
.85
.90
.90
.90
.90
.95
.95
1.00
81.89
1897 Cutting:
Enti •y
1897 Loading:
Run-of-
Mine.
.3558
.4272
.4272
.5171
.5171
.5171
,5817
.5494
.5494
.5817
.5817
.5817
.5817
.6140
.6140
.6464
81.69
Max. Day
Wage.
1.78 i
1.90
1,90
2.28
2.28
2.28
2.56
2.42
2 42
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.80
2.80
2.95
.075
.105
?S
.34
65.25
Min. Day
Wage.
1.52*
1.75
1.75
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.36
2.23
2.23
2.36
2.36
2.36
2.36
2.49
2.49
2.62
71.80
,
Supplies.
.05
.10
100
MACHINE MINING.
1912 Cutting:
1912
Loading:
Entry .. .
—Average
Alle.
.67
.71
.74
1.01
1,00
1.04
1.22
1.02
.96
1.03
1.10
1.05
1.00
1.08
1.06
1.09
•Paper read before the Coal Mining Institute of America, Pittsburgh, Dec. 4,1913,
Sellin Price.—
Wash.
.55
.58
.74
.97
.87
1.03
1.J.O
.94
.91
1.02
1.07
1.03
1.00
1.06
1.05
1.08
53.62
.1244
. .1644
. .5356
. .6537
Westmoreland Co.
.85
.71
.88
1.04
1.01
1.04
1.18 An. strike.
.95
.96
.97
.99
.97
.87
.98
.97
1.01
Per cent, advance.
65.86
56.57
Per cent, advance.
91.29
92.27

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
pick mining thin vein, $1.7SV_ was the maximum
rate for day labor and 5 cents a ton was a fair
cost for materials and supplies.
These were deplorable times in the mining industry,
and just three years previous to this time,
Coxey's army made its memorable march through
Southwestern Pennsylvania on its way to Washington.
It was in this year that the 55-cent rate was
made by the action of the late Pat Dolan, president
District No. 5, United Mine Workers, who
reduced the wage rate in order that the union
mines could compete with the New York & Cleveland
Gas Coal Co. mines, and this led to a strike
on July 4, 1897, culminating in the Interstate
convention later, Sept. 13, 1S97. The eight-houi
day was adopted Chicago, January, 1S9S.
Now let us look at the year 1912, the last year
we have any data and make a comparison.
The niining rate in the Pittsburgh thin vein district
is $1.00 per ton for pick mining lump coal,
$2.95 maximum rate for day labor and 10 cents
per ton cost for material and supplies.
These figures mean an advance of 81.89 per cent.
for pick mining and machine mining, cutting 65.86
per cent., loading 92.29 per cent, maximum day
labor 65.25 per cent, and minimum day labor
71.80 per cent., supplies 100 per cent.
Now let us look at the selling price: In 1897
the average selling price in Allegheny, Washington
and Westmoreland counties averaged 69 cents
for run-of-mine, while in the year 1912 the
AVERAGE SELLING PRICE
amounted to $1.06, or an average increase of 53.62
per cent.
Now let us analyze further: We will take the
$1.06 received in 1912 and call it the coal man's
dollar, and see how far it goes.
A misdirected public opinion is demanding lowpriced
coal, high wages, high taxes, good preparation,
safety, compensation, conservation, and yet
there are not enough of cents in the coal man's
dollar to meet all these demands, and allow a fair
profit for the investment.
Let us make some comparisons. The Pennsylvania
railroad for every dollar received in 1912,
it cost 78.69 cents to operate its property and in
1912 they paid 37.1 per cent, higher wages than
in 1900.
The operators in the Pittsburgh district are paying
51.51 per cent, higher wages in 1912 than in
1900 and during parts of 1910 and 1911 a group
of mines in the Pittsburgh district, part thin vein,
and part thick vein, some with good conditions,
some with unfavorable conditions, the cost of
niining, labor, fuel, general office expenses, taxes,
depreciation, royalty not including interest on
bonds amounted to 99.09 cents per ton.
The average selling price received was 1.09 per
ton, leaving a difference of 10 cents per ton to
take care of dividends, honied interest, so you
see there is not enough left for safety, conservation,
compensation, and a fair return on the investment.
Is this true of the coal industry? Let us quote
you Edward W. Parker, United States Geological
survey, from his excellent paper read before the
American May congress, Philadelphia:
"Pennsylvania by long odds the most important
producer of bituminous coal with an output of
137,300,000 tons in 1909 showed a total expense
of $117,440,000 and of value $129,550,000 a balance
on the
PROFIT SIDE
of little over $12,000,000 or about 3y3 per cent.
on the capital invested of $358,600,000."
If you told the customers of domestic coal that
the operators of the Pittsburgh district only revived
an average of $1.06 per ton for his coal at
the minds of the average consumer there is a firm
place you in the Ananias club immediately, for in
the mines of the average consumer there is a firm
conviction that the coal operators are a lot of
Robber Barons who fix the price of coal to the
consumer.
Now let us analyze the situation, and for example
during the year 1912 the consumer purchased
a car of run-of-mine coal in the Pittsburgh
district at $1.10 per ton at the mine. The freight
bill would cost him 35 cents per ton and the cost
of hauling and unloading would cost him $1.00
or a total of $2.45 per ton. The retail dealer
quoted him 10 cents per bushel delivered in his
cellar or $2.60 per ton. He finds he saves 15
cents per ton retailer's profit and he also discovers
the truth that the cost of transportation and retailer's
profit is a large item of cost in the coal
bill, just like other items which enter into the cost
of living.
Now let us analyze further: The representatives
of labor say to the operators of the Pittsburgh
district, "If you have not business sagacity
to get a better price for your coal, it is no fault of
ours." The steel manufacturer gets a good price
for his steel; the butcher gets a price for his meat;
the shoe merchant gets a good price for his shoes;
and tbe clothier gets a good price for bis clothes
Why does not the coal operator get a good price
for his eoal? What is the remedy?
Suppose the operators make a secret agreement
to raise the price of coal. Can they do this
WITHOUT FEAR OF THE LAW?
They cannot. The railroads have been trying for
five years to raise freight rates and they have
failed because public opinion and Interstate Commerce
commission have been against them.
Who then does raise the price of coal? It is
largely the cost of labor that has created a situa-

and this labor to a very large extent is controlled
by the United Mine Workeis of America, who by
their compact organization have been able to secure
a large advance in wages during the last 16
years.
The question is whether the operators cannot
profit by taking some lessons in organization from
the United Mine Workers of America and more
publicity of the actual conditions of the coal industry.
The question is whether the cost of labor in the
cost of production of coal has not reached its apex,
and whether we should not have a breathing spell
until the consumer understands that in the end
he must pay for the value of the coal in the
ground, the wages of the miner, the cost of safetyappliance,
compensation, conservation, new laws
of taxation and a reasonable profit to the operator.
There is a tremendous waste of investment in
coal mining property, caused by an antagonistic
element, and unorganized, forces which constitute
forces today, and it seems a betterment of the industry
can only be secured by a better organization,
a publicity of the actual conditions of the
coal industry, which inig'.it help to secure some
changes in the federal lavs, and some efficient engineering
on the selling organization.
PRECAUTION AGAINST ACCIDENTS IN MINES
Notice has been given by the state department
of mines of Pennsylvania to all mine inspectors
that they must inform mine foremen that precautions
to reduce fatalities in mines must be redoubled
and the greatest care be taken to prevent
accidents from fall of coal, slate and rock.
Investigations made into mine accidents lately
by Chief James E. Roderick have disclosed that
falls have been the greatest cause of fatal accidents.
The department has prepared a letter to
be sent to the foremen and superintendents of
every mine in which instructions are given to
every foreman to see that each working place is
properly timbered by props or otherwise to within
one foot of the coal before it is blasted after being
undermined; where coal is mined by pick, foremen
must insist that niiners "square up" face of
coal before commencing to undermine and that the
provisions of the act of 1911 are followed.
The imports of coal into the United States for
September were 806 tons of anthracite worth $4,-
932; 116,469 tons of bituminous, worth $310,194,
and 12,036 tons of coke, worth $53,708. For the
nine months ending with September the imports
were 836 tons of anthracite worth $5,144; 1,035,8S7
tons of bituminous worth $2,792,809. and 58,838
tons of coke worth $271,448.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
IRON ORE SHIPMENTS FOR
CLOSE TO $50,000,000 TONS.
Ore shipments for the season have been compiled
and the lake movement works out at 49,070,-
478 gross tons, being an increase of 1,634,701 tons
over the movement of 1912, says the Iron Trade
Review. During November, 3,264,565 tons were
moved and during December, 18,545 tons. Tne
ore movement during 1913 from September on
was less than the movement during the corresponding
period in 1912, due doubtless to the
spirit of unrest which has marked the trade in
general during the past few months. The summer
movement, however, was very heavy and more
than offset the fall decline.
Lake shipments of iron ore for several years past
have been as follows:
Season. Gross tons.
1908 25,427,094
1909 41,683,873
1910 42,620,201
1911 32,130,411
1912 47,435,777
1913 49,070,478
Following is the summary of the November
movement and the season's movement, with corresponding
data for 1912:
Nov., 1912. Nov., 1913.
Port. Gross Tons. Gross Tons.
Escanaba 560,328 *485,102
Marquette 214,431 194,720
Ashland 414,224 2S1.476
Superior 1,140,767 941,520
Duluth 1,080,066 SI 0,973
Two Harbors 662,858 569,319
4,072,674 3,283,110
1913 decrease 7S9.564
*Includes two December cargoes, totaling IS,545
tons.
Season 1912. Season 1913.
Port. Gross Tons. Gross Tons.
Escanaba 5,234,655 5,399,4,4
Marquette 3,296,761 3,137,617.
Ashland 4, ,97,101 4,338,23.
Superior 14,240,714 13,788,343
Duluth 10,495,577 12,331,126
Two Harbors 9,370,969 10,075,718
47,435,777 49,070,478
1913 increase 1,634,701
The Lehigh & New England railroad has leased
the Panther Creek railroad, a 32-mile line between
Tamaqua and Nesquehoning, Pa., and has been
operating it since Dec. 1.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
VIRGINIAN SHIPMENTS.
The shipments of coal over the Virginian railway
for the month of October, 1913, were:
Net tons.
Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern R. R 57,710
New River Collieries Co 42,882
E. E. White Coal Co 36,012
Slab Fork Coal Co 33,901
Gulf Smokeless Coal Co 31,915
Loup Creek Colliery Co 29,496
E. E. White Coal Co 24,374
MacAlpin Coal Co 23,384
Raleigh Coal & Coke Co 22,476
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 22,073
Winding Gulf Colliery Co 15,185
New River Collieries Co 14,871
Gulf Coal Co 13,738
Bailey Wood Coal Co 12,120
Lynwin Coal Co 10,935
Sullivan Coal & Coke Co 10,754
Long Branch Coal Co 10,249
The New- River Co 9,399
The New River Co 8,155
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 6,992
The New River Co 5,897
The New River Co 4,258
The New River Co 4,231
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co 4,224
Mount Hope Coal & Coke Co 3.756
Woodpeck Coal Co 3,419
The New River Co 3,263
The New River Co 2,566
Meade Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co 2,291
The New River Co 2,287
Pemberton Fuel Co 1,878
The New River Co 1,645
City Coal Co 146
476,482
BANNING COAL COMPANY STARTS
DEVELOPMENT OF COAL ACREAGE.
The Banning Coke Co. has begun the development
of the 100 acres of coal recently purchased
in the vicinity of Smithton, Pa., along the Baltimore
& Ohio. Ground has been broken for the
erection of 60 beehive ovens, which will be added
to as the mine develops.
The plant will be modern, equipped with electricity
and will use coke-drawing machines. The
mines are a mile and a half from the location of
the ovens, and the coal is to be conveyed to the
ovens by railroad most of which is now graded
and some of the track laid. William Watt, formerly
with the H. C. Frick Coke Co. is superintendent.
NOVEMBER ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS.
The anthracite shipments for November, 1913,
as compared with 1912, were:
Companies. 1913. 1912.
Philadelphia & Reading 1,119,247 1,243,111
Lehigh Valley 1,114,014 1,177,732
Jersey Central 727,107 812,870
Dela., Lackawanna & West. 810,921 889,560
Delaware & Hudson 575,976 635,575
Pennsylvania 600,648 509,752
Erie 654,219 708,611
New York, Ontario & West. 1S4.799 188,325
Total 5,7S6,931 6,165,536
The shipments of anthracite for the year by
months were:
Month. 1913. 1912.
January 6,336,419 5,763,696
February 5,674,169 5.875,968
March 4,909,288 6.569,687
April 5,966,189 266,625
May 5,995,742 1,429,357
June 5.970,047 6,191,646
July 5,4S7,852 6,285,153
August 5,369,900 6,576,591
September 5,572,279 5,876,496
October 6,338,194 6,665,321
November 5,786,931 6,165,536
December 5,944,506
Totals 63,407,010 63,610,578
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS
John B. McBride and wife have deeded to W.
McK. Reed, Pittsburgh, 157 acres of coal in North
Strabane township, Washington county, Pa., for a
consideration of $64,646.77.
The Indiana County Coal Co., Indiana. Pa., has
sold to the Tide Coal Co. 327 acres of coal in'center
township, Indiana county, for $18,320.
Howard C. Cook of Johnstown, Pa., has purchased
600 acres of coal in Shade township, Somerset
county, Pa„ from the Weyant heirs.
The Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co. has deeded 6,"
tracts of coal to the Norfolk & Western railroad.
The Cincinnati Coal Exchange will hold its annual
election Dec. 18 to select seven members of
the board of directors for the terms to be provided
in an amendment to the constitution to be
voted on this date. The new amendment provides
that three shall be elected for two years,
and four for one year each, and that after this
election the terms shall be two years each.

Mr. Thomas Prosser, superintendent of the Card
& Prosser coal mines, near Youngstown, 0., lias
resigned his position and Mr. Thomas Morrison of
Dell Roy, 0., has been appointed to succeed him.
Mr. Prosser's resignation is due to ill health and
he will leave soon for California where he will
spend the winter months.
Mr. T. J. Robson, who for several years past
has been chief clerk in the office of the Department
of Mines at Charleston, W. Va., has resigned
to become associated with the Wyatt Coal Co. He
will be succeeded as chief clerk by Mr. W. 1..
Thomas, formerly with the Plymouth Coal Co.,
Plymouth, W. Va.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
Coal Boll Coal Co., organized by Senator William
Flinn, M. I.,. Benedum, .1. C. Trees, Ralph
Mi-. T. A. Smith, Fort Smith, Ark., commissioner
Flinn and M. H. Laughlin of Pittsburgh and S.
for the Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators'
M. Dunbar of West Virginia, will develop six
association, has resigned that position to become
mines on Open Pork of Bell creek in Clay and
general manager of the Oklahoma Coal Co., which
Nicholas counties, W. Va. Tbe operation com­
operates six mines at Henryetta, Okla.
prises about 6,0110 acres.
Mr. David T. Kvans, secretary of the Kanawha
Coal Operators' association, has removed from
Powelton, W. Va., to Cincinnati with his family,
and will open an office on the 15th floor of the
First National Bank building.
Mr. W. !.. Cromlish, coal and coke agent of the
Baltimore & Ohio railroad at Pittsburgh, has been
elected first vice president of the Traffic Club of
Pittsburgli.
Governor Dunne of Illinois has aiipointed Mr.
J. W. Starks. of Georgetown, inspector for the
Fifth district, to succeed Mr. W. S. Burris. resigned.
Mr. J. P. McCabe, sales agent of the Evans Coal
& Coke Co., has been elected cashier of tlie Philson
National Bank at Philson, Somerset county,
Pa.
Mr. Stephen J. Hammonds has been appointed
superintendent of the Dorrance and Prospect collieries
by the Lehigh Valley Coal Co.
Mr. James Mackinson has been appointed head
of the health department of Edwardsville. Pa., by
the Kingston Coal Co.
A seven-foot vein of excellent coal has been
discovered on the Bolich estate, near Taylorsville,
Pa.
ri CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
Purchase and development of 17,000 acres of coai
and mineral lands in tlie vicinity of Spring City,
Tenn., on the Cincinnati Southern railroad, the
construction of steel mills, coke ovens, by-product
plants, the establishment of gas and electrical
companies are said to be among the plans of a
foreign syndicate being promoted by Col. George
Wilkinson of Philadelphia, representing the interests
of the International Bankers' Alliance of London
and Paris. It is understood the developments
will cover $3,000,000. Up to the present
options have been secured on 17,000 acres in the
Spring City vicinity.
The Buckeye Coal Co., a subsidiary of the Youngstown
Sheet & Tube Co., Youngstown, O.. will develop
the 5,000 acres of coal recently purchased
in Greene county. Pa., from J. V. Thompson.
J. G. Emmerling of Johnstown, Pa., will develop
Mr. R. S. Jones has retired from his connection
3o0 acres of coal at Kring's station, near Johns­
with the Berwind Fuel Co.. in the .Minneapolis
town, on tbe line of the Baltimore & Ohio.
office, and is succeeded by Mr, William Godwin,
who recently came with the Berwind company from It is reported that A. R. Byrd & Co., of St. Loui
the Carnegie Fuel Co.
Mo., have secured 20,000 acres of coal in Jefferson
county. 111., and will develop tbe property.
Howard C. Cook and associates, of Johnstown,
Pa., wiil develop 600 a-res of coal in Somerset
county. Pa.
A voluntary petition in bankruptcy was filed
Dec. 5 in the U. S. District court at Birmingham,
Ala., by the Gold Creek Coal Co. The liabilities
were scheduled at $22,000, the assets claimed to
be worth $35,000. The company is one of a chain
of coal mines owned and operated by the same
stockholders and the second company to go to the
bankrupt court in the past few days, the first one
being the Gaslight Coal & Coke Co. The Gold
Creek Co. was adjudicated a bankrupt by Judge
E. H. Dryer, referee in bankruptcy, and the same
receivers appointed. W. C. Bonham and J. V. Tarwater,
as in the Gaslight Co.
Director Brock, of the Canadian Geological survey,
has notified the coal operators and residents
at Frank, Alberta, that if coal operations are continued
at the base of Turtle mountain it is likely
to topple over on the town.

4() THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
RECEIVERS ARE NAMED FOR PITTSBURGH-
BUFFALO COAL COMPANY, FOUR STATES
COAL AND COKE COMPANY AND ALLIED
INTERESTS.
Judge Joseph Buffington, in the United States
District court at Pittsburgh, Dec. 6, upon the petition
of certain creditors, named receivers for the
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co., the Four States Coal & Coke
Co., the Johnetta Coal Co. and associated companies.
These houdings are known as the Jones
interests. No schedule was filed in the proceedings.
The receivers named for the Pittsburg-Buffalo
Co. were Fred R. Babcock, John W. Ailes and John
H. Jones, and for the Johnetta Coal Co., D. G. Jones
and E. O. Golden. For the Pour States Coal &
Coke Co.. operating in West Virginia, Judge Dayton
at Philippi, W. Va., named the same receivers
as in the ease of the Pittsburg-Buffalo Co.
The Pittsburg-Buffalo Co. has a capitalization of
$6,000,000, of which $1,000,000 is preferred stock
ancl $5,000,000 common stock, and operates coal
mining properties at Marianna, Canonsburg, Burgettstown
ancl Bruceton, Pa. The Four States
Coal & Coke Co. has a capitalization of $6,500,000,
of which $1,500,000 is preferred stock and $5,000,-
000 is common stock and operates coal mining properties
in the Mannington and Cabin Creek districts
of West Virginia.
Following this action receivers were named for
the Dexter Coal Co., Cleveland & Pittsburgh Coal
Co., Washington Investment Co., and other smaller
concerns affiliated with the parent company ancl
for John H. Jones, personally.
These actions were still further followed by the
closing of the national bank at Marianna, Pa.
Strikes, explosions, river floods and other incidents
to coal niining are given as the causes of the
embarrassment of the coal properties.
CHIEF MINE INSPECTOR NESBITT OF ALA­
BAMA URGES PRECAUTION I N USING
POWDER.
Chief State Mine Inspector C. H. Nesbitt of
Alabama has sent the following letter to the operators
of the state relative to the use of powder in
the mines:
"In view of the fact that there is great danger
attending the shooting of coal from the solid with
black powder, and, in order to throw a safeguard
around tbe lives of those directly exposed to this
danger, this department (strongly recommends,
and urges with all possible force, the following
precautionary measures to secure greater safety
for all concerned, namely:
"First—All mines generating gas ancl making
dust, which now use black powder for shooting,
to be required to put into effect the powder jack
system, and only one day's supply shall be carried
into the mines by the miner; also that competent
shot firers be employed, their duty to be to fire
all shots charged with black powder at a given
time after working hours when no other employes
are in the mine.
'•Second—All mines not generating gas nor making
dust, now using black powder, to be required
to install the powder jack system and to see that
only one day's supply is carried in the mine by
the miner—such mines, however, not to be required
to employ shot firers.
"All operators who can use permissible instead
of black powder aie earnestly requested to discontinue
the use of the latter. The inauguration
of the above measures will necessitate a comparatively
small expense to begin with, but in the long
run there will be a large saving to all operators,
and the most important part of all will be the conservation
of human life: so important that President
Wilson in his first message to Congress, although
a short message, did not overlook the humane
appeal for better facilities in the mines to
insure more protection of life.
"Yours very truly.
"C. H. NESBITT,
"Chief Mine Inspector."
EXTENSIVE ENLARGEMENT OF WORKS OF
A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY.
The A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co. of St. Louis
have recently completed a large addition to their
factory, which will enable them to greatly increase
their output. This is the second addition
they have been compelled to make within the last
few years in order to supply the constantly growing
demand for Leschen wire rope.
Since the organization of this company 56 years
ago, it has ever been their policy to produce quality
rather than quantity in their ropes, but their
experience has been that by strictly maintaining
high quality, quantity will gradually follow as a
natural consequence. In addition to their factory
and warehouses in St. Louis, the Leschen Co.
have branch stores in New York, Chicago, Denver,
Salt Lake City and San Francisco and are represented
by over 100 agents in this country alone.
One of the well known brands of wire rope produced
by A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co. is their red
strand Hercules. This grade of rope was developed
by them about 30 years ago to meet a demand
for a safer and more serviceable rope on
extremely hard work. Hercules rope proved so
successful that the Leschen Co. originated the idea
of coloring one of its strands red for identification
purposes. Today there are but few hard wire
rope jobs on which this red strand rope is not
taking a prominent part.

SECRETARY OF COMMERCE REDFIELD SEES
BETTER BUSINESS UNDER NEW TARIFF
LAW.
The latest export and import reports for the
United States, covering the four months of July,
August, September and October, the last month
when the new tariff was in full operation, reached
Secretary of Commerce Redfield Dec. 11. They
show in the first place that the predicted flooding
of the American market by imported goods did not
happen, but, on the contrary, imports actually
decreased. Secondly, these figures show a tremendous
gain in exports.
Other trade figures are presented in substantiation
of the confident assertion of Secretary Redfield
that the United States is just entering a
period of great industrial expansion, in which it
prove itself to be supreme in competition for the
markets of the world. In this particular connection
Secretary Redfield permitted the use of a
report conclusively showing a fear in England of
increasing American business supremacy.
Reports for the month of July, August, September
ancl October show that the imports amount to
$580,677,062, a decrease of $45,553,925 from the
same period of last year, and the exports were
$838,994,853, an increase of $67,953,061 over these
months of 1912.
Commenting on this Secretary Redfield said:
"The first fact that will strike tbe thoughtful
reader will be the falling off of imports in the
first four months of this fiscal year of nearly $40,-
000,000 as compared with the same period of 1912.
The flooding of our markets with the alleged cheap
wares of Europe has not happened. It should be
noted that the month of September in the above
table includes the first, three days of October, up
to the time tbe new tariff took effect ($13,665,000),
but even when this is reckoned, it will still appear
that the month of September by itself was the
largest month of the four for importations and
that October, during which the flood gates were
supposed to be opened, shows no such rush of importations
as some have both threatened and
feared
"On the other hand, the growth of exports in
the same four months of nearly sixty-eight millions
is both surprising and encouraging. This
is not only so when the bulk of almost $839,000,-
000 of exports in four months is considered, but
becomes more so when the regular progressive
grow-th of those experts is examined. Just as
October shows relalively small imports as compared
with those that were by some expected, so
it shows exports large to an unexpected degree.
exceeding September in this respect by over $53,-
000.000. If we examine the details of the exports,
it will be found that the same growth in the ex­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
ports of manufactures which marked the last fiscal
year is continuing now. The total exports of
manufacture have grown by $9,000,000 as compared
with last year and of the aggregate of manufactures,
fully finished goods form 52 per cent.,
thus being more than equal to the two other classes
of manufactured exports taken together. There
can be no inference drawn from the above hard
facts that is not both encouraging, ancl complimentary
to American industry."
FEDERATION OF LABOR OFFICIAL
FAMILY CONTAINS TWO NEW NAMES.
The American Federation of Labor which had
been in session at Seattle, Wash., adjourned November
22, after electing officers and choosing
Philadelphia as the place of its next convention
in 1914. The officers chosen are:
President—Samuel Gompers.
First Vice President—James Duncan.
Second Vice President—Jas. O'Connell.
Third Vice President—Dennis A. Hayes.
Fourth Vice President—Joseph H. Valentine.
Fifth Vice President—John A. Alpine.
Sixth Vice President—H. B. Perham.
Seventh Vice President—John P. White, president
of the United Mine Workers of America.
Eighth Vice President—Frank Duffy, general
secretary of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners.
Treasurer—John B. Lennon.
Secretary—Frank Morrison.
In this list are only two new- men. White and
Duffy. Second Vice President John Mitchell and
First Vice President W. D. Huber retired voluntarily.
For delegates to the British Trade Congress
W. D. Mahon, international president of the
Brotherhood of Street and Elecrtic Railway Employes,
and Matthew Woll of the Photo Engravers'
Union, were elected. Mortimer Doiioghue of
Butte, Mont., was chosen delegate to the Canadian
Trades and Labor Congress.
A conference of delegates was held at which it
was agreed to place John P. White on the executive
board, as John Mitchell had desired.
The vote on convention city was: Philadelphia,
10,684; Fort Worth, Texas, 8,432.
The Ohio State Industrial commission has appointed
the following new deputy state mine inspectors:
Morris Albaugh, Murray City; Andrew
Ginan, Jacksonville; Dennis Sullivan, Coshocton.
and Evan Lewis, Harmon, They wiil succeed
respectively, Edward Kennedy, Carbon Hill; John
McDonald, Glouster; Alexander Smith, New Philadelphia,
and XV. H. Miller, Massillon.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The sentence of an indeterminate prison term
ancl $2,000 fine imposed in the case of D. C. Norcross,
secretary of the Western Fuel Co. of San
Francisco, for contempt of court in failing to produce
the books of the rompaiiy before the federal
grand jury, has been upheld by the United States
Circuit Court of Appeals. The prison sentence
will not be enforced, however, if the books are
produced before Dec. 20, although the fine stands
in any event. Eight officers and employes of the
company are under indictment for al'eged fraud in
connection with duty payments on coal imports.
They will be placed on trial Jan. 9.
The exports of coal from the United States during
September were 325,559 tons of anthracite
valued at $1,727,957; 1,959,452 tons of bituminous
valued at $4,719,124 and 55,096 tons of coke valued
at $212,660. Bunker coal amounted to 684,395
tons worth $2,221,045. For the nine months ending
with September the exports were 3,173,002
tons of anthracite worth $16,756,631; 13,793,963
tons of bituminous worth $34,777,105, and 662,863
tons of coke worth $2,479,281. In addition to this
5,763,584 tons of bunker coal were laden on foreign
vessels at a total value of $18,709,694.
The Northern Coal & Dock Co., a subsidiary of
the Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co., has purchased
seven acres of dock property at Milwaukee, Wis.,
and a modern coal dock to handle 500,000 tons of
coal a year will be erected ancl in operation by
April next year. The property with new equipment
represents an expenditure of about $500,000.
Philadelphia chapter, Order Kokoal, will hold
its annual meeting and dinner Dec. IS. The business
to come before the breaker will be principally
the election of officers. As usual, the session
will be held at the Roosevelt. The committee
of arrangements is composed of W. L. Scott,
Charles K. Scull and William J. Steen.
The School of Mines of the West Virginia University
has issued a bulletin in which the summer
school, June 22 to Aug. 1, 1914, is outlined, and
the course ot study mentioned and briefly described.
These include everything necessary to
obtain complete knowledge of mining in the short
time indicated.
Petitions for lower coal rates from the Birmingham,
Ala., district have been filed with the Alabama
State Railroad commission by the Business
Men's leagues of Montgomery and Dotban and the
Alexander City Cotton mills of Alexander City.
The petitioners all allege that discrimination is
shown by the railroads handling coal.
The Coal & Coke railroad, indicted on six counts
for failure to make settlement with the government
for violations of the safety appliance laws,
admitted in the United States District court at
Charleston, W. Va., recently that a case had been
made against it ancl it would not introduce testimony
in denial.
The maximum output of Kansas coal, estimated
at 8,000,000 tons a year, will be reached within five
years, and thereafter within 25 years will dwindle
to almost a negligible quantity, was the testimony
of several operators at a hearing before the Public
Utilities commission at Topeka, Dec. 2.
The Illinois Railroad and Warehouse commission
has issued an order suspending" until March
12, 1914, the proposed increase of five per cent, in
freight rates in Illinois, which were announced
to be made effective Nov. 15. The proposed advance
included the rates on coal.
The Pennsylvania railroad is pushing the construction
of a stem of its Tyrone & Clearfield
branch up Victor Hollow, near Phillipsburg, Pa.,
where 1,500 acres of Moshannon-seam coal is to be
developed on property owned by R. H. Mull. Harry
Phillips and the Ayers estate.
At a meeting of the creditors of the O'Gara Coal
Co. in Chicago, Messrs. Thomas J. O'Gara, Fred
A. Busse and Edward Weltman were chosen trustees
of the company. They will succeed the receivers
who have for a short time been in charge
of the property.
Owing to the largely increased coal traffic on the
Buffalo. Rochester & Pittsburgh, an additional
track will be laid in a short time between Punxsutawney
and Creekside, a distance of about 30 miles.
Yards will be located at Creekside, Cummings and
Lucerne.
The Evans City Coal Co. is lifting the options
it holds on about 6,000 acres of coal lands in
Butler county. Pa. The coal company will shortly
open its first mine which will be near Buhl station.
The Norfolk & Western railroad has ordered the
construction of 750 all-steel gondolas of 100 tons
capacity each. The cars wil! be built at the
Roanoke shops of the company.
The Water Supply commission of Pennsylvania
has received application from the Crucible Coal
Co.. for permission to repair ice breakers at Singer
landing, Pittsburgh.
Buffalo reports are to the effect that the anthracite
shipments from that port during the lake
season just closed broke all former records.

L
Sulphur in coke is almost wholly present as sulphide
of iron (FeS) or, perhaps more properly
speaking, magnetic sulphide of iron (Fe,S,,) and
as such, readily dissolves in the iron during the
smelting process, unless it is carried into the slag
by the use of suitable fluxes. In blast furnace
practice this is commonly done by the use of limestone
with the charge of ore and coke in addition
to the other functions that the flux stone performs.
It is generally believed that the sulphur, in whatsoever
form it is introduced into the furnace, is
transformed to calcium sulphide (CaS) at high
temperatures and by virtue of its lighter specific
gravity, floats off with the slag instead of dissolving
in the metal, from which is deduced the
well known axiom of the furnaceman: "A hot
furnace makes low sulphur and high silicon iron,
and a cold furnace, high sulphur and low silicon,"
which is true, unless it is run hot and limy when
both the sulphur and silicon will be low.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
BASIC COKE*
By 1 R. Campbell. Chief Chemist H. C. -rick Coke Company
In passing it may be remarked that the chief
source of sulphur in blast furnace operation, is
the coke, hence it is easy to understand why the
furnaceman always has his "weather eye" open
for the sulphur content of the coke, especially if
it runs over 1 per cent. The average coke operator
knows what it means to try to pacify an irate
furnaceman if he has been so unfortunate as to
ship out a few cars of coke above the prescribed
limit in sulphur. Of course, up in the Connellsville
region we would not like to be accused, nay
even suspected, of such a breach of metallurgical
etiquette, where by repute we have the finest
coking coal in the world.
This brings us to the question, "Why does the
furnaceman object to more than 1 per cent, sulphur
in the coke?" Too often the coke operator
is apt to think that the ills of the furnaceman are
largely imaginary, and that he is seeking to excuse
himself by venting his spleen on the coke,
but there is a reason, and a valid one, why the
sulphur in coke ought not to exceed 1 per cent.
greatly, to
MAKE GOOD IROX.
In round numbers, a ton of coke makes a ton of
pig iron and usually about one-half ton of slag
is produced, from which it is easily deduced that
with a properly working furnace, the one-half ton
of slag must carry all the sulphur in the ton of
coke, i. e., the slag must carry double the sulphur
found in the coke. Thus, if a 1 per cent, sulphur
coke is used, the slag will have to carry about 2
*Paper read before the Coal Mining Institute of America.
Pittsburgh, Pa., December 4 and 5. 1913.
per cent, to remove it completely from the iron.
Now the practical limit of solubility of the sulphur
in the slag is usually considered to be from
2 per cent, to 2V4 Per cent.; in other words, unless
the furnace is run very limy, which is detrimental
to the lining, mere or less, we do not expect the
slag to hold more than 2 per cent, or 2>4 per cent.
sulphur. There are rare instances where the slag
has carried 2\'-2 per cent, or even higher, sulphur
for a considerable length of time.
This, then is the main reason why the furnaceman
does not like his coke to exceed 1 per cent.
sulphur greatly. Coke much above IVi per cent.
sulphur has but little metallurgical value for the
economical manufacture of low sulphur iron.
BASIC COKE.
In view of the foregoing, many attempts have
been made to improve the chemical quality of coke
from the sulphur standpoint during its manufacture.
This paper concerns itself only with the
addition of crushed limestone to the charge of
coal, or the formation of basic coke. The idea
is old. Fulton tried it a number of years ago.
1 believe he mentions it in his book on "Coke."
Lately the scheme has been revived, both here and
abroad, the claim being made that the cause for
past failure lay in the fact that the mixtures were
not scientifically made.
According to the claims of these latest investigators,
the limestone must be added in proportion
to the ash of the coal to form a slag consisting
of a mono-silicate of lime. In other words, the
limestone addition is calculated much after the
manner of burdening a furnace. To illustrate,
the following analyses are shown:
Coal Analysis.
Volatile matter 39.05%
Fixed carbon 52.34
Ash 8.61
Sulphur 2.09
Composition of Ash.
Silica 47.85%
Iron oxide 15.84
Alumina 23.98
Lime 4.41
Magnesia 1.66
Sulphur 1.11
From the above, we calculate that 12 i_ per cent.
of limestone, of good quality, is needed to flux the
ash. It is the hope also that the sulphur in the
coal will pass into the slag during the coking
process. Both the coal and limestone must be
crushed very fine. The coal should all practically
pass a %-inch screen, and the limestone, a
20-mesh screen. The mixture must be intimate
and thorough.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Basic Coke Test—Bee-hive Ovens.
(Ash in Coal about 8%).
Analysis of Basic Coke.
Lime-
Lime Sulphur stone
Ash. Sulphur. Phos. in Ash. in Ash. Added.
% % % % % %
13.93 .882 .008 1.65 .264 3
15.85 .918 .010 4.IS .537 5
19.17 .878 .008 5.72 .594 7%
19.90 1.000 .013 6.34 .911 10
27.19 .942 .012 12.24 .998 12y.
25.90 1.015 .010 12.13 1.002 15
Run-of-Mine Coke Analysis.
Volatile matter 0.75%
Fixed carbon 87.07
Ash 12.18
Sulphur 891
Phosphorus 014
In the above test the limestone additions were
made gradually, as it was early discovered that
the physical quality of the coke was impaired, it
being soft and crumbling easily.
About 12^ per cent, of limestone was theoretically
required to form the so-called basic coke, but
this high percentage rendered it practically worthless.
Failure to secure .,igh enough temperatures
in the bee-hive process may be ascribed as
the reason. It is an internal combustion process
and the large quantities of "black damp" (CO.)
given off by the decomposition of the limestone,
seemed to smother the fire. In fact, the conclusion
was reached that "basic coke" by the bee-hive
process, was a total failure from the physical standpoint.
More promise was held forth by the by-product
ovens, as it is a retort method, external heat being
applied, but here, too, the claims for "basic coke"
were not completely realized. Our investigation
resulted as follows:
The temperature of the coking mass is not high
enough, even in by-product practice, to cause the
sulphur to pass into calcium sulphide (CaS) during
the coking process, as evidenced by the following
data:
Temperatures in Coking Mass.
Oven No. 47—Test No. 1.
Time. Hole No. 1. HcL No. 2. Hole No. 3
5:30 P.M. 350°F. 325°F. 275°F.
6: flO P.M. 200 225 200
6:30 P.M. 200 225 200
7:00 P.M. 200 270 250
8:00 P.M. 220 250 240
9:00 P.M. 230 260 250
10:00 P.M. 230 260 240
11:00 P.M. 240 280 240
12:00 M. 240 280 240
1:00 A.M. 280 290 250
2:00 A.M. 380 320 250
3:00 A.M. 690 360 290
4:00 A.M. 1220 420 380
5:00 A.M. 1300 720 620
6:00 A.M. 1360 1060 822
7:00 A.M. 1400 1120 880
8:00 A.M. 15S0 1550 1510
9:00 A.M. 1700 1700 1680
10:00 A.M. 1770 1770 1770
11:00 A.M. 1920 1920 1950
Temperature as pushed
Hole No. 1 (Hoskins pyrometer) 1814°F.
Nole No. 2 (Hoskins pyrometer) 1814
Hole No. 3 (Hoskins pyrometer) 1830
On the coke mass (Wanner pyrometer)... 1938
On the oven walls (Wanner pyrometer)... 1992
Flue on No. 46 (pusher side) (Wanner py.) 2370
Flue on No. 4S (pusher side) (Wanner py.) 2300
The study of the temperature chart is interesting.
Hole No. 1, for the pyrometer, was located
in the charge near the side wall, No. 3 in the center
of the charge, and No. 2 at an intermediate
point all on a line at 45 degrees inclination to
the axis of the door of the oven. The maximum
temperature in the coking mass in good practice,
was about 1900 degrees Fahrenheit and rather
strange to say even at the beginning of the process
it was about as hot in the middle as at the
sides, yet raw coal would have appeared in the
center had the coke been pushed ahead of time.
The flues on either side showed a temperature of
about 2400 degrees Fahrenheit.
The analyses of the coal used showed ash 8.62
per cent, and sulphur 2.09 per cent., and the composition
of the ash showed that 12V per cent, of
limestone was necessary to form a flux. These detailed
analyses have been given elsewhere.
Run-of-Mine Coke. Basic Coke.
Volatile matter 0.90% 2.34%
Fixed carbon 85.51 72.70
Ash 13.59 24.96
Sulphur 1.62 1.76
Composition of the Ash.
Run-of-Mine Coke. Basic Coke.
Silica 46.87% 24.06%
Iron oxide 15.61 11.54
Alumina 24.12 9.93
Uime 4.21 48.00
Magnesia 1.41 1.15
Sulphur 86 .61
Sulphur as calcium carbide trace .53
Only one-third of the original sulphur in the
regular coke is changed to calcium sulphide (CaS)
in basic coke, in which form it is supposed to pass
through the blast furnace unchanged and float off
into the slag instead of passing into the pig as
iron sulphide (FeS) does. This percentage is too
small to have much metallurgical significance.
Furthermore, the sulphur is higher in basic
coke than in run-of-mine coke, due to the lime of
the limestone taking on some of the otherwise
volatile sulphur in the coal. It was supposed
that the limestone would not be decomposed by
the heat of the coking process until all of the
volatile sulphur had been driven off, but practically
this was not true.
Another of the claims for basic coke is that the
physical quality is improved by the addition of
limestone to the coking charge. Within certain
limits this is true in by-product coke—never in
bee-hive coke. The improvement is due to the
slag binder if the proper temperature is attained,
otherwise the free lime, upon exposure to the air,

slakes and causes the coke to crumble and fall
apart.
Physical Tests,
Run-of-Mine Basic Coke—
Coke. 12*% Limestone.
Shatter test 70.5% 31.9%
Porosity 38.8 43.9
Apparent Sp. Gr 900 934
Real Sp. Gr 1.470 1.666
The shatter test is the crucial test. It is made
according to the U. S. government's specifications,
i. e., 4 drops of a given quantity of coke as a
height of 6 feet are made and then the broken
coke is passed over a 2-inch screen. The percentage
passing through constitutes the test. In
the above examples, 70 V- per cent, of run-of-mine
coke and 31.9 per cent, basic coke passed through
the 2-inch screen. The latter figure is about
standard for by-product coke.
The porosity and the specific gravity of the basic
coke is better than the run-of-mine coke. In
fact, we believe it is possible to take an inferior
grade of coking coal, and, by the scientific use of
crushed limestone in the by-product process, make
A-l blast furnace coke, where otherwise a total
failure would result. As before stated, this is
due to the formation of a slag binder in the coke.
By this feature of basic coke, vast quantities of
low grade, or semi-coking coals, would be opened
up for by-product use. Whether or not "the
game is worth the candle," at present is without
the scope of this article. There might be some
advantage to the furnaceman in having limestone
added to the coke instead of with it. There are
also some natural advantages to the by-product
operator. The total ammonia yield would be
increased by the addition of limestone to the coal,
and the percentage of fixed ammonia decreased,
which would lessen the work of the stills in the
indirect or semi-direct processes.
Finally, referring again to the underlying principle
of basic coke, i. e., the formation of a slag
carrying the sulphur in it, even if this were possible
during the coking process, it could not be
safely assumed that the sulphur would not get into
the iron in passing through the blast furnace
just as it does now without the proper safeguards.
In fact, we believe the old assumption in this respect,
that calcium sulphide passes through the
blast furnace unchanged, is erroneous, and that it
would avail nothing, from the sulphur standpoint.
to have basic coke. Calcium sulphide is stable
only at high temperatures and in a reducing atmosphere.
As the matter stands now, we think
that the sulphur in basic coke would be acted
upon by the iron ore in the top of the blast furnace
and changed back into its original harmful
form ready to be assimilated by the pig iron, unless
slagged off as usual, due to the action of the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
metallic oxides on calcium sulphide (CaS) at com
paratively low temperature.
In view of the foregoing, we conclude: First,
that basic coke, in the chemical sense, is not practically
feasible, nor wholly desirable. Secondly,
in the physical sense, it has possibilities in utilizing
low grade semi-coking coals for by-product
use.
ADDENDA.
TABLE FOR TIIE CALCUI.AT10X OF MONOSILICATES.
The following table shows in the second column
the weight of the bases required to bind 1 part by
weight of silica (SiO_.) as monosilicates.
The fourth column shows the weight of silica
(SiO,) required to bind 1 part by weight of the
various bases as monosilicates.
Monosilicates.
1 part of SiO_. combines 1 part of base combines
with: with:
1.0 SiO.. 1.86 CaO 1.0 CaO 0.535 S'02
1.0 SiO, 1.33 MgO 1.0 MgO 0.750 PiO,
1.0 SiO. 1.14 A1..0, 1.0 Al.,0, 0 873 SiO.
1.0 SiO. 2.40 FeO 1.0 FeO 0.416 SiO.,
1.0 SiO., 1.77 Fe..O, 1.0 Fe.O, 0.562 SiO.
1.0 SiO, 2.36 MnO 1.0 MnO 0.422 SiO„
1.0 SiO, 1.91Mn,Oi 1-0 Mn.,0, 0.524 SiO,
1.0 SiO. 7.43 PbO 1.0 PbO 0.134 SiO.
1.0 SiO_, 3.32CaCO,
To calculate CaO as CaCO, multiply by 1.7S57.
Example.
Composition of Ash.
Silica 47.85%
Iron oxide 15.84
Alumina 23.98
Lime 4.41
Magnesia 1.66
4.41 x .535 = 2.36% Silica (SiO.)
1.66 x .750 = 1.24 Silica (SiO..)
Total 3.60 Si'ica (SIO,)
47.85 — 3.60 =^ 44.25% Silica (SiO.) to take care of
44.25 x 3.32=140.88
146.88x8.61
= 12.65% CaCO, or limestone needed
100 to flux ash.
The towboat Sprague, of tie Pittsburgh Coal Co..
lost 45 of her tow* of 56 coal boats and barges at
Island Nc. 30, in the Mississippi river Dec. 2. when
a strong side current through a chute drove her
on a stone dyke iieing erected by the government
engineers. The Joss will be about $100,000. The
coal is being salvaged and reshipped on other
boats.
The Brothers Valley Coal Co. has opened a
branch office in tbe Merchants National Bank building,
Indianapolis, lnd., and Mr. J. R. Morris has
been placed in charge as resident manager.
The secind issue of the Employes' Magazine,
published by the Lehigh Valley Coal Co., is out
and is filled with interesting matter relative to the
welfare and efficiency of the employes.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LABOR NOTES
John McLenan, president of District No. 15, United
Mine Workers, was re-elected president of the
Colorado State Federation of Labor by the recent
The candidates for the principal offices in the referendum vote. W. F. Hickey was re-elected
United Mine Workers of America in the Pitts­
secretary-treasurer.
burgh, or No. 5 district, are: President, Van Bittner,
Cherry Valley; E. D. Reed, Brownsville; vice Employes of the Bull's Head Coal Co., Scran­
president, P. P. Hanaway, Noblestown; Thomas ton, Pa,, were tendered a complimentary banquet
Robertson, Yohoghany; Leroy R. Bruce, Allenport; by the officials of the company Dec. 4, in celebra­
secretary-treasurer, Robert Wood, Blythedale; Antion of breaking the hoisting record of the mine.
drew Puskar, Imperial; Edward Nichols, Pricedale;
member International Executive Board,
Philip Murray, Monongahela; Abraham Kephart,
Carnegie; Edward McKeown, Houston.
Efforts of union organizers to unionize the coalstripping
field at Booneville, lnd., have resulted in
the Sunlight Coal Co. discharging 30 emjloyes
who had signed an agreement to join the union.
An agreement has been reached between the
Dominion Coal Co. and the Provincial Workmen's
Association whereby the men employed at the
company's mines in Nova Scotia who are now
earning less than $2 a day will have their wages
increased 6 per cent, on the first of January. Certain
other classes of employees will also receive
more pay under the new contract, which covers a
three-year period.
An injunction has been granted in the Allegheny
county, Pa., courts against an organizer of
the United Mine Workers and 28 striking miners
of the Allegheny Coal Co., at Harwick, Pa., prohibiting
them from interfering with men who are
working or desire to work at the mine of the company.
U. S. Judge Dayton, at Philippi, W. Va., sus­
pended sentence on Van Bitner and eight other
members of the United Mine Workers who were
accused of violating an injunction against the organiation
by Judge Dayton.
The 800 men employed in the mines of the Northwestern
Mining & Exchange Co. at Eriton, Jefferson
county, struck during the fortnight because
they objected to working with non-unionists.
Tbe local strikes at Tyler, Sykesville, Big Soldier
and Sykesville shaft mines, in the Central
Pennsylvania field have been settled and the men
are back at work.
At a conference in Pittsburg, Kan., Dec. 1, beAn
effort is being made to reorganize the mintween
representatives of the operators and miners, ing school at Brownsville, Pa., that suspended
prices were agreed on for mining the top vein three years ago because of lack of room to hold
of coal in Cherokee and Crawford counties, Kan. its sessions.
The vein is 30 inches thick. The price agreed
on for solid shooting was $1.45 per ton; for loading
after coal is machined, 60 cents per ton, under
practically the same rules as apply to loading
Because of the discharge of Superintendent of
Motors Hixon, about 400 miners at Rex mines, at
Lafollette, Tenn., went on strike, Dec. 4.
of the lower veins.
In order to combat the high cost of living. Miners'
Local No. 1358, wi'l open a butcher shop and
grocery store at Shenandoah, Pa.
At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Connellsville Manufacturing & Mine Supply Co.,
held recently at Connellsville, Pa., the following
officers were elected: President, Rockwell Marietta;
vice president, A. D. Soisson; secretary and
Because of a dislike to the orders that the boats
treasurer, W. H. Soisson; chairman of the board,
must tow "double headers" up and down the river,
W. H. Hugus: general manager, D. F. Lepley. The
the captains and pilots on the tow boats of tbe
following directors were re-elected: Rockwell
Vesta Coal Co., Pittsburgh, went on strike during
Marietta, A. D. Soisson, W. H. Hugus, W. H. Sois­
the fortnight. They want extra compensation
son, D. F. Lepley, Charles Weihe and J. M. Grey.
for the work*.
Earl Henry, chief of the mine department of
About 500 men employed at the Riverside col­ West Virginia, has compiled a statement showing
liery of the Scranton Coal Co. at Archbald, Pa., that there are 70,321 men employed in the state's
went on strike Dec. 3. The miners want a raise
mining industry. Of this number 32,612 are
of 30 cents on a car and when their demands were
Americans; 14,000 are negroes and 23,709 foreign­
refused they went on strike.
ers of wdiom the majority are Italians.
John G. Hayes and associates of Scranton, Pa.,
have purchased the Minooka Coal Co., Minooka,
Pa. The new owners will operate the properties
and use electrical equipment throughout. The
purchase price was $100,000.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
SAFEGUARDING THE USE OF ELECTRICITY IN MINES*
By Clyde G Brehm, Chief Electrician Oliver & Snyder Steel Co., Oliver, Pa.
For the government of outside electrical installations
the National Board of Fire Underwriters
have compiled a most complete book of rules consisting
of about 175 pages.
When a piece of electrical work is completed
or repairs or changes made the board is notified
and their inspector calls and goes over the work.
If in accordance with the code a certificate is
granted, if not no certificate is granted until it is
put in strict accordance with the code.
The great risk that the National Board of Fire
Underwriters have to guard against is fire, but in
the mine many things tend to make the use of
electricity dangerous because, as a general thing,
there is little space, little light and much dampness,
so we not only have the fire risk to contend
with, but the more common risk of shock.
At this point I wish to compliment the author
of the Electrical section of the Bituminous Mining*
law of Pennsylvania. It is well gotten up and
most complete, and, if strictly complied with,
practically solves the problem of safeguarding the
use of electricity in mines.
The mine management should use great care in
their selection of a mine electrician, for to quote
Mr. Clark of the Bureau of Mines, "The supervision
of the electrical equipment of a mine is a
task that requires ability, sound judgment, and
experience of a peculiar sort. To select suitable
apparatus, to install it properly and economically,
and to maintain it free from interruption of service
at a minimum cost demands much ability.
When the requirements of safety are added to the
list of duties the
RESPONSIBILITY IS NOT LESSENED.
The establishment and maintenance of a high factor
of safety rests as much with the man who
has direct charge of the electrical equipment as
with anyone. It seems reasonable also to assume
that a man who is competent to maintain a high
factor of safety is no less able to maintain as
low a cost of maintenance as is consistent with
satisfactory operation."
The writer understands that in England and
some other countries the mine electrician is required
to pass an examination before he is permitted
to take charge of the electrical equipment
of a mine. If this were also true in this country
we would have greater assurance of the efficiency
and ability of tbe man in charge.
Another point to consider along this line is the
state's inspection of niining electrical equipment.
If it is important to have competent men in
•Paper read before the Coal Mining Institute of America,
Pittsburgh. Pa, December 4 and 5. 1913.
charge, it is just as important to have competent
inspection. We cannot expect our mine inspectors
to be electrical engineers as well, but if one or
two competent men were appointed to work with
our mine inspectors and make rigid electrical inspections
periodically it would do much toward
safeguarding the use of electricity in mines.
While alternating current is used at mines for
running pumps, fans, etc., direct current is more
commonly used. The voltages usually employed
are 110, 220 and 500, the 110 volts being used
mostly for lighting, and on account of its low
pressure it is not hard to guard against as far as
shock is concerned, accidents resulting from such
voltage being very rare. The 220 volts, however,
has in several instances been known to kill, and
naturally, the higher voltages are all the more
dangerous and every precaution should be taken
to escape shock.
Usually the track or the earth is used for the
return circuit, so a person
STANDING ON THE TRACK
or even the earth is in reality in contact with one
side of the generator, and by touching the trolley
wire, the bare parts of a switch or any other current
carrying conductor, he establishes a circuit
and thus receives a shock.
Reports of the mine inspectors show that the
majority of electrical shocks received in mines
results from contact with the trolley line. The
recommendations of the Mining law of Pennsylvania,
pages 66 and 67, should be strictly observed
in reference to safeguarding the men from the
trolley wire, and exceptional care should be taken
when traveling in the same entry with a trolley
wire. A person cannot usually receive a shock
by standing upon the earth or rails and touching
the electric locomotive, on account of the motor
being of the same potential as the rail and a
shock can only be received when there is a difference
of potential. But the motor may be almost
insulated from the rail by too much sanding or
even coal on the track and in such a case the full
line potential or voltage would exist between the
motor and the rail, and by touching the motor at
such a time a person would receive a severe shock,
and since all the cars of this trip are connected
to the locomotive by their draw bars and hitchings
a person would receive a shock by touching
them as well. This particular danger could be
eliminated by bonding the draw-bars of all cars
to iron axle, and since it is hardly probable that
the entire trip would be insulated from the rail
at the same time, any one car in good contact
with the rail would prevent the entire trip from

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
attaining a potential above that of the rail, and
no shock could be received.
Another source of danger is equipment that is
not intended to carry current becoming charged
by defective insulation, or otherwise. This
DANGER COULD ALSO BE ELIMINATED,
at least to a great extent by connecting the conducting
material of all such apparatus with the
earth.
One other danger to be taken into consideration
is the practical joker who connects up some innocent
looking piece of equipment with the live wires
and waits to see the fun when some fellow employe
receives a shock. The writer at one time
saw a workman receive a severe shock when he
attempted to take a drink of water from a tin cup
that been connected with a live wire. Such practice
should be frowned upon and the guilty party
severely punished.
It might be as well in a paper of this character
to consider ways to rescue victims of shock. It
is essential that the victim be removed from the
current-carrying conductors as soon as possible.
If the switch is near at hand it is no doubt best
to cut off the current, as the patient in contact
with the live wire will transfer current to the
rescuer if he puts himself in the line of passage
of the current. If the current cannot be cut off
quickly use any of the following ways: By prying
off with a dry stick. Possibly the handle of
a pick, axe or shovel would be best as dry wood
in a mine is not easily to be had when wanted
suickly. The trolley wire may be short-circuited
with the rail by throwing a crow-bar or a drill
across them. Great care should be observed in
this manner of rescue, for if the iron does not
leave the hands before touching the trolley wire
the rescuer himself will receive a shock, or the
hands of the rescuer may be insulated with dry
clothes or otherwise, and the victim removed by
jerking. If possible he should be removed by
one motion, as rocking back and forth w-ould only
increase the shock and burns. Some authorities
teach that it is best to use the feet and not the
hands to
PUSH THE VICTIM
from the wire. No doubt this is a good method
if it can be used, for in case of shock to the rescuer
the current would pass from one foot through
the legs and the other foot to the ground and
would do little injury since the heart and the important
nerve centers are not in its path.
As soon as the victim is rescued, if he is unconscious,
artificial respiration should be performed.
This should be kept up at least an hour or until
the patient is breathing freely.
Authorities differ greatly as to the best method
of artificial respiration. Until late years the
Sylvester method was used in the majority of instances,
but recent tests seem to indicate that the
Shafer or prone method is the most efficient.
Often in electric shock severe burns or even broken
limbs are sustained, and in cases of this kind
the character of the injury determines the method
of artificial respiration to be used.
The Sylvester method of artificial respiration is
performed as follows: First pull the tongue far
out to clear the windpipe, and hold by tying over
the tongue and under the chin. Kneel above the
patient's head and hold his arms just below the
elbow. Draw the arms outward and upward
gently and steadily and hold them as far as they
• ill go above the head for about two seconds.
This motion opens and expands the chest to the
greatest possible extent. This is due to the fact
that certain muscles are attached to both arms
end ribs ancl when the arms are raised these
muscles raise the ribs and so enlarge the chest.
Then bring the arms down till the elbows press
; gainst the chest; a little pressure will
DIMINISH THK SIZE
1,1' the elastic chest as much as possible. Do
this for about two seconds. Continue these mot'ons
about 16 times per minute.
In the Shafer or prone method the patient lies
iace down. The operator kneels astride the body
end places his hands across the lowest ribs and
swings his body forward and backward so as to
allow his weight alternately to fall on the wrists
and to be removed. In this way hardly any muscular
exertion is required. The size of the chest
' eing diminished forces the air from the lungs.
The elastic chest then springs back and the air
enters the lungs. The rate for this method is
c.lso 16 times per minute.
We will probably never know- just how many
of our mine fires and explosions have been caused
by electricity, but we do know that fires and explosions
are possible (to what degree they are
possible depending, of course, on other conditions)
when the workmanship or the installation is defective
or equipment is injured by falls of roof
i v otherwise. Incandescent lamps may ignite
i ombustible material if placed in close proximity
*. ith them. The blowing of an open fuse may
produce heat and flash enough to cause a flre or
explosion, or even switches may produce sparks
enough to be dangerous.
It is poor practice to use feeder wires that are
insufficient in size as the over load might cause
heat enough to soon destroy the insulation. A
leak to the coal or across timbers may follow and
a fire result.
Possibly the greatest danger, however, is the
fall of roof destroying the trolley line. With this
in mind we

SHOULD BE VERY CAREFUL
not to overset or over fuse such circuits, for in
case of an over set breaker the trolley line may
arc and spark against the rail for some little time
before it develops load enough to open the breaker.
ft is very possible that this was the cause of the
Naomi explosion.
In one of the publications of the Bureau of
Mines appear several suggestions for reducing the
number of accidents due to the use of electricity
in mines that will be a fitting conclusion for this
paper.
1. Remove contributory causes.
2. Treat all wires, however well insulated, as
bare wires.
3. Remove from the vicinity of electrical apparatus
all elements susceptible to its influence,
(gas, dust, explosives and combustible material).
4. Keep the electric current where it belongs.
5. If under certain circumstances the current
cannot be entirely confined, at least limit the area
of its activity by using protective devices.
6. Insure a high factor of safety by, (a) selecting
materials and apparatus with care; (b) installing
equipment in a strictly first class manner;
(c) inspecting equipment frequently and
thoroughly; (d) maintaining it in good condition
at all times.
In conclusion the writer urgently recommends
that a rigid inspection system such as maintained
by the Electrical Bureau of the National Board of
Fire Underwriters be adopted at all mines, not only
for mining equipment, but for power house and
outside electrical installations as well.
COAL MINE LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES.
An invention that is attracting attention among
those interested in the coal mines of the Dunfermline
district is a patent for life and property
saving in the event of a cage rope breaking in the
pit of coal mines, writes Consul H. D. Van Sant,
Dunfermline, Scotland. The working model has
been favorably commented upon by the British
Inspector of Mines, who says that because of its
simplicity and easy establishment in coal pits
its future adoption is highly probable.
The working of the patent is quite simple. Two
extra chains come from the base of the rope, and
these running down the sides of the cage are fastened
to four pieces of strong wood that project
from the four bottom corners of the cage. When
the weight of the cage is on these chains the wood
pieces are drawn inside the framework of the cage,
but when the weight is taken off, as happens in
the event of the rope breaking, the wood pieces
are at once projected by means of springs that
catch the bunting at present used, with the result
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
that the cage is brought to a standstill within a
maximum space of 4 feet. The old plan of lacing
the sides of a pit shaft with pieces of wood, known
as bunting, is thus much improved upon, and it
is claimed this improvement will save much loss
of life and property. Several mining men interviewed
say that if this appliance fulfills what it
seems likely to accomplish, it will be one of the
best recent mine-working inventions.
Mrs. Alexander E. Hamilton, mother of F. WcN.
Hamilton, state mineralogist of California, died
suddenly of heart failure at San Francisco, recently.
Mr. Hamilton was returning from a professional
visit to the oil fields and other mining
districts in southern California at the time, ancl
could not be informed of the death of his mother
until he reached San Francisco. Mrs. Hamilton
was 67 years old, born in New Brunswick, and ,
with her husband, now deceased, went to California
in 1868.
Mr. John H. Marble, member of the Interstate
Commerce commission, who has been conducting
the commission's probe of the so-called "anthracite
trust" at Philadelphia, died at Washington,
D. C, recently, after a shost illness. He was aged
46 and was from California.
Mr. William H. Watson, aged 70, of Fairmont,
W. Va., and a son of the late James Otis Watson,
a pioneer coal operator, and a brother of former
U. S. Senator Clarence W. Watson, of West Virginia,
died at St. Elizabeth's hospital, Richmond,
Va„ recently.
Mr. F. H. Ketch am, president of the Mendota
Coal & Coke Co., Centralia, Wash., died suddenly
a few days ago.
The House committee on public buildings and
grounds Dec. 5 authorized a favorable report upon
the bill permitting the Secretary of the Treasury
to accept the appropriation of $25,000 by the Pennsylvania
legislature to be used towards the construction
of buildings for the Bureau of Mines, at
Pittsburgh. The bill authorizes the acceptance of
any other appropriations or contributions for this
purpose. Congress has authorized the erection of
a $500,000 building, but the money for it has not
been appropriated.
According to reports from Salt Lake City, Utah,
representatives of the Chesapeake & Ohio and Norfolk
& Western railroads are planning to put their
coal into consumers' hands in San Francisco at
$4.75 to $5 per ton as soon as the Panama canal is
opened.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
)
REPORTING ON PROPERTIES*
By Frank Haas, Consulting Engineer, Consolidation Coal Company
Every mining engineer probably has occasion
some time in his oareer to make a report on a
coal property. The proposition sounds simple
and by the ordinary expression, a report is a report,
so everybody ought to be satisfied. But
the fact is there are reports and reports and this
is clearly shown in the observation that a man
will not make the same kind of a report twice on
the same property and no two people will make the
same kind of a report, even though the general
conditions are unchanged.
To make not only a good, but a successful report,
on a coal property is not a light task for the
niining engineer and I would advise particularly
the younger men to study this feature of their
profession for its success will bring quicker and
. larger reward than any other. It is true that
experience is by far the best help in this kind
of work but there is a way of profiting by other
people's efforts which will go a long way in replacing
such deficiency.
Perhaps the first mistake made by most people
in making a report on coal property, is not to have
a clear understanding what the object of the report
is, ancl waste their time and other people's
time with useless detail. It is a matter of much
importance to know: whether the property in question
is to be purchased, whether it is to be sold,
whether it is a matter of exchange for other lands
or if it is to be considered as an intimate operating
proposition, whether it goes to bankers as a
basis for a bond issue or various other purposes.
A report made to a banker would be very different
from one made to your president or general
manager, who perhaps may contemplate immediate
operation. The
BANKERS WANT TO KNOW
whether they will get the interest on the bonds
and a sinking fund to retire them and a considerable
margin. If your information and judgment
warrants it, the quickest and shortest way of convincing
the bankers will be most acceptable to
them. Don't give a banker details which he does
not understand; ordinarily he knows nothing of
anticlinals and synclinals or butts and faces and
so on. The chances are that if he doesn't understand
he won't admit it. and anything in a report
that is not understood or is not plain is a weakness,
it doesn't matter whether it is your fault
or not the damage is done, and tbe world and
modern business does not stop to rectify personal
grievances. By an means do not underestimate
*oaper read before the West Virginia Coal Mining Institute
Charleston, W. Va.. December 9. 1913.
the banker in his knowledge of the coal business
or you will regret the day, for some time you will
meet a wise one who will ask questions which are
interesting and would be decidedly embarrassing
if you did not fortify yourself with a supplementary
report of detail facts.
If, on the other hand, you make a report to
your president or general manager, the proposition
is one of an entirely different nature. Perhaps
as you should have previously determined,
you are only to accumulate the facts, and if so,
devote yourself to this alone, your opinion will
probably be asked for some time, so it isn't necessary
to intrude it until the proper time. This
kind of a report is the most difficult of all. To
place all the facts of a proposition in such a manner
and so concisely and plainly to a second party
that he can form a definite opinion without further
question or investigation, is a success indeed.
Probably you may have to know your man as
well as
YOUR PROPERTY
and in such a case it is well to put yourself in
the other man's place and see if you can in a
theoretical way formulate an opinion from the
facts in hand, if you are sincere and conscientious
in the criticism of your own work, and find it satisfactory,
the probabilities are that your effort is
a success.
A very common error is lack of discrimination
between facts and opinion. There is nothing that
will so completely destroy an otherwise good report
as an inadvertent statement which is offered
as a fact that cannot be fully substantiated. I have
seen reports in which there was apparently no
thought or idea of discrimination. A report
recently passed through my hands covering in a
general way several hundred thousand acres in
Eastern Kentucky from information apparently
gathered in two weeks' time. In this report nine
seams of coal were identified and the correlation
carried without a hitch or a question for over 100
miles. It was a decidedly remarkable achievement
if it were true yet the report gave no indication
other than its statements were facts. Yet
the man I feel sure was sincere in his own mind
but did not realize the mischief he was making for
others following in his path.
I have in mind now a property on which twelve
separate reports have been made and the opinions
formed after a careful study of them would vanwidely;
in fact, the property would hardly be
recognized except for the geographical names.
The character of coal was described in the various

eports varying from semi-anthracite to coking
coal, all this occurring without any desire on anyone's
part to wilfully deceive, but from a
LACK OF DISCRIMINATION
between facts and opinion, or gross ignorance, for
the facts in this case were so very apparent and
so readily available. Considerable time and labor
is consumed in weeding out such inaccuracies. A
statement once made must be either substantiated
or proven wrong and nothing must be left for
interpretation for this is the real object of the
report. It is far easier to go into a virgin field
and cover the proposition more concisely and
briefly than when it has previously been indifferently
written up.
Another very important matter to be considered
is that of prejudice. The coal fields of the
Appalachian system are fairly well known and
those who have followed the profession are more
or less familiar with the entire system and, by
hear-say, publications or otherwise have ideas in
regard to the various fields and in some cases even
positive opinions. It is a very difficult thing to
pull away from such ideas or opinions and it is
a matter of constant vigilance to keep these preconceived
ideas from entering into consideration,
but it is essential that they should. It would be
a very clever writer indeed who could incorporate
a prejudice and not have it discovered. But this
failing is common and most reports are contaminated
in this way.
A prejudice may be in the right direction but
if it is discovered it will naturally throw the
reader in an opposite direction and the injury will
be threefold, first to the reader of the report,
second to the property and finally to the writer
himself. And it is usually a hopeless case for
once it is known that a person is prejudiced argument
IS CONSIDERED HOPELESS
and usually not offered. Of course, there are
many reasons why these prejudices occur and excuses
why they exist; for instance, one may be
called upon to report on a property belonging to
one corporation and subsequently required to do
the same on an adjoining property which may
be a competitive company and it is almost against
human nature to think that the statements of his
first report would not affect those of the sceond.
It has been expressed heretofore "know your
man" and this is meant in the manner that you
may know just what he wants to know. He is
paying his money for a record of facts and perhaps
an opinion on a piece of property and it is
your duty to furnish him with the information
that he wants and the way he wants it. It is at
times surprising to hear some of the questions
that are asked, simple but entirely to the point,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
which would not have been thought of had the
suggestion not been put. It becomes almost a
habit among those in the same profession not to
discuss or even mention things which are to such
profession self-evident facts, but which may be
to others unheard of and unknown. It is only a
short time ago that I had occasion to travel over
a considerable territory with an owner of a large
property. The man was serious and thoroughly
interested—he had his money invested and wanted
to know in a manner that he could understand
just how much coal he had, what kind of coal it
was and what kind of market the coal would suit
and where that market was and so on. Those
who have been through the mill can appreciate how
tedious it becomes to answer the fire of questions
that can be put in a week's trip. But after all it
might almost be said that he who answers or
tries to answer these questions
LEARNS AS MUCH
as the man who asks them, in that it gives ideas
as to what people who are not acquainted with the
coal business want to know and which should be
covered in a report.
I have in mind now another man for whom I
have made numerous reports. At first these reports
were patiently read through, after a while
I found that the last page was read first and the
fore part afterward, so adjusting the reports to
the conditions the last page was submitted first.
This proving satisfactory for a time I found that
the rest of the report was only indifferently read
and more probably not read at all—so finally to
perfect the matter still more the rest of the report
was omitted, which apparently was most satisfactory
of all. It is a fact that the largest
acreage, or deal, that w-ent through under my observation
was based on a report that had less than
tw-o typewritten pages. But don't assume that
the work wasn't clone, the supplementary report
though not submitted was quite complete and
handy should a critical moment have arrived.
Having pointed out that a report should be brief,
concise ancl without prejudice it might also be
added that it should be attractive and pleasing in
its arrangement. Anything that can be illustrated
by a map or a diagram should be so presented
not only for brevity but for quick understanding.
A map is far more comprehensive
than any description could be, diagrams of sections
are more easily read and a few photographs of
characteristic features add greatly to the value and
attractiveness of a report.
For the purposes of a report a map is merely
an illustration ancl such a scale should be selected
that the
ENTIRE PROPOSITION
can be grasped at a glance, by all means avoid a

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
map which requires a special table to display it,
it should be rather one that a person can hold
in two hands and comfortably see it all. Avoid
unnecessary detail but bring out the essential features
prominently; should some detail require a
larger scale, provide another map which is a section
of the whole on a larger scale sufficient to
demonstrate it properly, out maintain a uniform
size of map if possible. The facilities for enlarging
or reducing maps are or should be available
in any engineer's office and there should be
no excuse for maps not to be reproduced in the
most attractive and convenient form.
By all means whatever illustrations you may see
fit to offer make them neat in appearance. Any
man who makes any pretense of being an engineer
must be a draftsman and there is nothing that
w ill provoke adverse criticism so readily as a
careless or untidy map.
It was my intention at the start to cover the
subject thoroughly but I find that I have not yet
reached the most important part—that of valuation
of _oal lands, developed properties and plant and
equipment, but have lingered too long on the details
so that the latter, which in itself is worthy
of a special effort must wait until some other time.
In fact, it would be most appropos at the present
time since tbe United States Geological survey,
the American Institute of Mining Engineers, together
with individuals, are in vigorous discussion
on this subject.
• RETAIL TRADE NOTES WK
An ordinance has been passed at Kansas City,
Mo., designating 10 scales in various parts of the
city as official weighing places and authorizing
policemen to make a driver weigh his load on
one of these scales and arrest him if the weight
does not correspond with that on the delivery
ticket.
E. G. and F. E. King of McKinney, Tex., have
so'd their coal mine at Como. Tex., to D. M. Lovelace,
of Oklahoma City, Okla., for $75,000 and some
real estate in Mississippi.
Pittsburgh-Syracuse Coal Mining Co., Pittsburgh;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, R. C. Masten, Ben
Avon Heights; H. L. Linnenbrink, Freedom; Arthur
A. Costello, Syracuse, N. Y.
Massillon-Belmont Coal Co., Massillon, O.; capital,
$150,000; incorporators, J. C. Haring, J. F.
Pocock, David Reed, Robert Schneidecker and
William Penman.
Four Mile Coal Co., Nashville, Tenn.; capital,
$30,000; incorporators, J. H. McCullum, W. H.
Scbilderink, H. L. Corey, Charles C. Moore and
O. D. Darwin.
John M. Taylor Coal Co., Columbus, O.; capital,
$45,000; incorporators, John M. Taylor, John W.
Moore, J. B. Ridenour, M. C. Thornton and E. E.
Learned.
Crystal Ice & Coal Co., Newark, O.; capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, Harry Possel, Geo. Sprague.
Wayne Collier, Frank Imhoff and Samuel Imhoff,
Jr.
Laughlin Coal Co., Mineral City, O.; capital, $25,-
000; incorporators, J. W. Laughlin, D. C. Vankirk,
J. C. Laughlin, W. T. Laughlin and P. B. Vankirk.
North Fork Coal Co., Cleveland, O.; capital, $150,-
000; incorporators, J. J. Roby, Charles F. Branson,
E. B. Thomas, E. Kantrovich and M. C. Hoag.
Clearfield Supply Co., Clymer, Pa.; capital, $150,-
000; incorporators, P. T. Davis, Clearfield; J. C.
Gilbert. Rossiter; J. E. Morrow, Clymer.
Martins Branch Coal Mining Co., Portage, Pa.;
capital, $20,000; incorporators, A. W. Evans, L. S.
Jones, Mary Bell, Ebensburg.
Phoenix Coal Co., Washington, D. C; capital.
$200,000; incorporators, R. E. Plunkett, E. E. Persing
and W. H. Arnold.
Pineville Coal Co., Chattanooga, Tenn.; capital,
$300,000; incorporators, W. S. Bates, E. R. Thomp­
The Illinois and Wisconsin Retail Coal Dealers' son and O. P. Darwin.
association is considering the advisability of dis­
Manchester Coal & Ice Co., Lowell, Mass.; capipensing
with the semi-annual mid-winter meettal,
$150,000; incorporators, J. H. Clement, F. H.
ings. The plea is that one large annual conven­
Massi and A. J. Coutu.
tion is better than two that are only partially attended.
Tremont Coal Co., New York; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, E. B. Hittelman, Joseph Cohen and
At the annual meeting of the G. R. Newton Coal Rudolph Raskin.
Co. of Philadelphia, the stockholders voted to au­ Gratiot Coal Co., Detroit, Mich.; capital, $20,000;
thorize the issue of $242,000 bonds to provide for incorporators, Sylvester Girard, Rosa Girard, Ar­
underlying mortgages in existence at the organizathur Ranspach.
tion of the company.
Greasy Creek Coal Co., Thealka, Ky.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, J. N. Meek, J. H. Matney,
W. G. Wells.
Forsyth Coal Co., Marissa, 111.; capital, $6,000;
incorporators, Robert Forsyth, G. P. Dryden and
Theo. Finger.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
THE SELECTION OF COKE SAMPLES FOR ANALYSIS"
By .'red C, Keiehley. General Superintendent Oliver & Snyder Steel Company
The sampling and analysis of coke has always
been a source of much annoyance and uncertainty
to the coke manufacturers and I imagine to the
iron smelter as well: in fact, it has often been the
cause of much bad feeling between the manufacturer
of coke and the consumer of the same, not
to mention the proneness to profanity of the parties
involved in the controversies arising from the
amazing seeming impossibility of getting two sets
of analyses to be on terms of equality with each
other. To the average coke maker it seems to
be the height of absurdity and unreasonableness
on the part of the iron smelter to turn down said
coke maker's coke on account of one or two thousandths
of one per cent, of phosphorus when said
coke was first class in every other respect and acknowledged
to be so by the iron smelter. The
coke maker would say, "But our chemist gets different
results and the one hundredth part of a
gnat's heel that you are kicking about does not
exist," and so the arguments pro and con proceed
ad infinitum much to the disgust of the participants.
I have been connected with coking coal and
coke manufacturing operations in one capacity and
another for over 30 years and nothing ever caused
a sinking of my heart and the changing of my
complexion as much as that term phosphorus when
it appeared in my morning's mail. It is a fact
that I once lost a good position by reason of a
difference of opinion as to the cause of the phosphorus
barometer or constituent taking a trip of
a couple of one thousandths of one per cent, in
altitude.
My superior officer said one day: "The phosphorus
in your coke is positively abominable,"
and I heartily
AGREED WITH HIM,
ing with .022 with a further occasional loopingthe-loop
with the naughty shades of .03. .02 is
the upper limit of decorum in Bessemer coke etiquette
and flrting with fractions of thousandths
of one per cent, above that is simply scandalous
in a high degree. At the time I refer to the superintendent
of a coke works did not know what
the constituents of the coal he daily produced
were. All he knew was that the resulting coke
had a good behavior record, an indifferent one or
a vile one, as the case might be. Such a thing
as sampling coke and coal regularly was considered
a piece of extravagance not to be tolerated
for one moment. The iron smelter was the fellow
to cut such capers as that and even he only
did it when his furnace got the stomach trouble
and the gastric juices were unfavorable for the
delivery of the correct thing at the hearth of the
furnace.
To make a long story short it was discovered
some months after my leaving the works in question,
that
A VERY LARGE FAULT
crossed the coal field operated on and the phosphorus
concents of the coal were in some way due
to the near presence of that fault. Many of us
have more or less phosphorus troubles even now
in spite of the better facilities now afforded to the
coke manufacturers to ascertain the chemical constituents
of not only the coke, but the coal. With
large coke producers it is now customary to have
a chemist to look after troubles of this kind and
thus assist the management in keeping tab on
that very mysterious element, phosphorus. No
but when he further remarked that I was the
chemist, no matter how skilful he may be, or howgreat
his experience might have been, can lay his
finger on phosphorus and tell you where it came
from and what to do with it; however, he does
know where it invariably goes when it gets asso­
cause of such misbehavior on the part of the coke ciated with the contents of a blast furnace. Theie
that I was producing my temperature went up is as yet no known way of reducing or driving
in an alarming degree and the atmosphere in that off phosphorus in either the coal or the coke and
neighborhood immediately assumed a bluish aspect about the only thing that can be done is to sam­
that smacked more of sulphur fumes than phosple both coal and coke regularly and carefully and
phorus. We stormed at one another by mail and have the same analyzed as regularly and care­
the upshot of that correspondence was that I fully by a competent chemist. This, as before
suggested that he take his coke works to a cer­ stated, is the practice of up-to-date coke makei s
tain very warm climate, but he decided that it and the same will equally apply to the iron smelt­
was a much simpler proposition to induce me to ing management. There will be a difference be­
seek a cooler place, which I did with great prompttween the findings of the different chemists of
ness. The facts in the case were that the plant given samples but with care the phosphorus deter­
I had charge of at the particular time referred mination should not be more than one to three
to had in its youth discreetly managed to keep thonsandths per cent, apart. After much think­
a little shy of .02. Then it suddenly got to flirting, some trying experiences and just a little

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"cussing" I have about come to the conclusion
that where the chemists are so far apart in their
determinations of the phosphorus constituent of
the coke or coal as the case may be, that in all
probability the method of
SAMPLING AND TUB PREPARATION
of the same have a great deal to do with the difficulty
referred to.
A short time ago my attention was called to the
fact that a certain heretofore low phosphorus coke
was changing its complexion. I could not believe
this at first, but, as you no doubt know, these
chemists have such a persuasive way about them
that I was compelled to sit up and take notice.
Remembering my experience in the past as cited
to you in other paragraphs of this paper, I advised
the parties interested to go after the coal
and the result v/as that in a certain section of the
mine where the pillars were being taken out the
coal upon analysis ran up to .077 in phosphorus,
which would be equivalent to .115 in the coke.
A short distance away from the point just named
going westward the phosphorus showing was .040
or .060 in the coke equivalent. It would be as
well to remember that the phosphorus showing in
a given sample of coke is generally about one-half
higher than that shown by the coal analysis.
The culprit having been caught, as it were, at
the fountain head, a series of samples were taken
on a westward course and this resulted in getting
results as given by the following figures: These
figures stand in the order of the sampling as it
proceeded westward: .032, .029, .021, .012, .011, .011,
.010, .009, .009, .008, .006, .006, .006, .005.
I have not been able to figure out just what law
this diminution of the phosphorus contents in coal
works under, but it certainly was a godsend to
the parties to discover that the high phosphorus
coal existed only in a very small portion of
THE MINE TERRITORY.
yet the results of the coke analyses were not entirely
satisfactory, at least not as good as a small
quantity of high phosphorus coal output would indicate.
In view of this fact the next thing to be
done was to follow up the coke problem.
When this difficulty first appeared samples were
taken from the coke cars as follows: A typical
piece was taken at one end of the coke car, one
was taken from the middle and a third from the
remaining end of the car while the same was in
process of being unloaded. This, of course, meant
three samples from each car and made quite a
bulky pile when any considerable number of cars
were sampled. The samples gotten in this way
were gathered up and reduced by hand to a general
sample. This did not bring the expected
results. Full length samples were then taken
from every oven at three different points and again
reduced to general samples. Still there was
trouble. Finally, at the suggestion of a chemist
of well known ability and experience, samples
were taken at several points in each oven, such
points being designated on a blue print showing a
horizontal section of the whole oven, such section
being divided into three concentric circles of equal
area and samples taken in such number and such
points as to give a fairly accurate sampling of the
whole of the output of tlie ovens under observation
and consideration. This was the best method
of all but still things did not seem to "gee" just
as they should. At this stage it was apparent
that the method of gathering up and the division
of the samples for procuring a general sample of
the coke was largely responsible for the difficulty,
and I so intimated this to said chemist. He
came to my aid again and suggested that a "Chipmunk
crusher" might
BE A GOOD THING
to get and use in connection with the sampling of
coke. A "Chipmunk crusher" was installed and
the results were of a most encouraging character;
in fact, the crusher nearly eliminated the trouble.
In conclusion will say that there are still some
features bobbing up occasionally that furnish food
for reflection, but I believe there is not the slightest
doubt that the bulk of the phosphorus trouble
in question came through the poor methods of
sampling and the lack of knowledge as to the best
method to be adopted in that connection.
This paper is not intended to be final, but
rather written with a view to open up an intelligent
discussion as to what can be laid down in
the way of a method of procedure that will attain
or reach the best possible practice along the lines
of coke sampling and the preparation of same for
the chemist's work which is certainly of the greatest
importance to both coke producers and iron
smelters.
Perhaps it would be as well to state that this
paper was written principally from a Bessemer
coke standpoint, i. e„ on coke that w*as intended
to be used in connection with the Bessemer process
of refining iron. In the case of iron smelting that
later on is to be refined by Basic process, phosphorus
is not nearly so serious a question, as that
element is taken care of in the open hearth furnace:
however, there is a limit to the percentage
of phosphor*;s that can be tolerated even there.
On petition of Stephen H. Tallman, of New Jersey,
Judge Scott of the Henrico, Va„ circuit court
named H. T. Lemist receiver for the Old Dominion
Development Co., which operates several coal mines
in Henrico, Va. Mr. Lemist is manager of the
company. The court proceedings were by mutual
consent of parties concerned.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
THE PROHIBITION LAW AND ITS EFFECT UPON MINING
1 appreciate the responsibility as well as the
honor of being called upon to address you today
upon the very important subject assigned me.
What I shall say must, of necessity, be largely
in the realm of prophecy, for the prohibition law
will not go into effect until the first of next July,
and I am to speak only on what will be its probable
effects upon the mining industry in this
state. However, constitutional or statutory prohibition
is not a wholly untried remedy for the
evils of the liquor traffic in this country, and we
are by no means wanting in both principles and
facts upon which to base a fairly reliable prophecy
as to the probable working of the new law in
West Virginia.
A year ago last month an amendment to our
state constitution forever prohibiting the traffic
in intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes was
adopted by the people by the overwhelming majority
of nearly 93,000, only three counties in the
state giving majorities against it, ancl but one
of them a mining county. It was decreed by the
same vote that this amendment should go into
effect on the first day of July, 1914. Last winter
our legislature by a large majority, passed what
is regarded as a very complete ancl stringent prohibition
law for the enforcement of this constitutions,
measure when it goes into effect. Tf
there are any flaws in it they can only be detected
by the actual testing to which it must be submitted,
and if any are found they can be remedied
by future sessions of the legislature.
Now as to what will be the probable effect of
this law- upon the coal mining industry let me say:
First. That I am sure that few, if any, of you,
will dispute the proposition that conditions in the
mining fields would be greatly improved by sobriety
as opposed to intemperance, and by abstinence
from intoxicating liquors as opposed to even
MODERATE DRINKING.
The time was when the opinion prevailed that men
could do more and better work when "braced up"
and "stimulated" by a glass of liquor. But that
view is no longer held by very many, if any, thinking
man. Close observation and scientific investigation
have thoroughly demonstrated tne fact
that the use of intoxicants shortens life, impairs
health, weakens the mental and physical powers,
and thus causes tremendous loss both in time and
productive ability, besides being a constant menace
to the peace and good order of the community,
and often causing the violent lo-ss of life and de-
*Paper read before the West Virginia Coat Mining Insti
lute. Charleston. W. Va.. December 8. 1913.
By Rev. Thomas C. Johnson, Charleston, W. Va
struction of property. Sober men, with clear
heads and sound bodies, make a peaceable ancl
contented community, put in the maximum time
in faithful work, ancl achieve the largest results
in productive power. I have no means of securing
accurate statistics in the matter, but I venture
the assertion that if general sobriety could
have prevailed in the Kanawha and New River
coal fields for the past two years, all the conditions
and productive results would have been at
feast 50 per cent, better than they have been, to
say nothing of the violence and blood-shed that
would have been avoided. At all events, no one
will deny that it would be a great gain in every
way, if miners and all others connected with this
great industry could be kept sober and free from
the use of intoxicants.
And so my second proposition is this: that the
absence of the licensed saloon will tend to promote
sobriety and good order among the miners
and other employes, and will thus greatly increase
efficiency, ana make conditions immensely
better for all concerned. For I think I may
safely predict that tbe wide open saloon will no
longer be tolerated in West Virgina. Theie may
be a few places where, for a t,ime, the law may
be defied, and unfaithful officials may allow* saloons
to be
RUN WIDE OPEN,
but this cannot endure for long unless our state
authorities, or the people behind them change
their attitude toward the traffic and the law, which
is not likely under the present circumstances.
Even if the law should not be so strictly enforced
as to prevent a large amount of illicit selling under
cover, yet we can quite safely depend upon at
least three things that will be favoiable to a
larger degree of sobriety among the miners, as
well as among other employes, and operators themselves.
For you will pardon me for assuming
that even some operators may occasionally yield
to the temptation of the flowing bowl. The first
thing is that there will be no legalized saloons
and no lawful selling of liquor. This in itself
will save many a law-abiding citizen from yielding
to the temptation to drink. I am sure we have
hundreds and thousands of good people connected
with the coal mining industry, who are not willing
to be implicated in the violation of law, many
of whom would be tempted to patronize a saloon
with a state license. Another thing is that unlawful
selling will be largely, if not wholly, under
cover. There will be few if any wide open saloons
in public places. The so-tcalled "blind

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tigers," "speak easies," etc., must of necessity be
in secluded places, suspected it may be, but unknown
to the public. They must keep comparatively
quiet. They must not openly advertise their
wares. They must, so far as possible, be on their
good behavior to avoid detection and the clutches
of the law. This means a great decrease in public
brawls and murders. It means that a great
many young men will not be tempted to form the
liquor habit. It means that hundreds of moderate
drinkers will be saved from excessive intemperance.
It means that many whose appetites are
so strong that they cannot pass by the open saloon
on their pathway, will then be able to go to the
mines and return to their homes without falling
under the terrible temptation. The other thing
is that there
MUST BE A GREAT REDUCTION
in the amount of liquor consumed where the sale
cannot be open and above board. This statement
will doubtless be called in question by many. For
it is often contended that more liquor is usually
sold in dry territory than in wet. But no statistics
have ever been produced to prove this contention.
On the other hand, I am reliably informed
that the Brewers' year book of 1912, shows
that the average amount of beer consumed in wet
territory is nearly 25 gallons per capita per annum,
while that consumed in dry terrtory is somewhat
less than two gallons per capita. A late investigation
in the state of Kansas shows practically
the same results as between the amount consumed
in that state and the adjoining wet state of Missouri.
In the nature of the case it is impossible
that anything like as much liquor can be sold
under cover, as in the wide open legalized or licensed
saloon. Naturally and logically the less
liquor consumed the less the intemperance, and
the less intemperance in the mining regions means
better conditions, betetr relations between operators
and niiners and much larger profits for all.
All this is on the assumption, that the law may
do nothing more than close up the open saloon in
the coal fields. It may be further stated right
here, that the fact that there will be no open licensed
saloon in any near by cities or counties,
will be a tremendous help in preventing intemperance
among the miners. It is not likely that
whole train loads of drinking miners will pour into
the "speak easies" that may be in Charleston or
Montgomery or Hinton, as they have poured into
the open saloons in these and other places in
times past when their own communities were
rather arid.
We are nov* ready for my third proposition or
prophecy, which is, that
THE PROHIBITION LAW
in West Virginia will be enforced with unusual
success all over the state, and that sobriety and
the highly beneficial conditions following in the
mining regions will be promoted to the highest
practicable degree. This rather optimistic view
as it may seem to some, is based on the following
considerations. First, on the public sentiment
over the state as expressed in much the largest
majority ever given for prohibition in any state
in the union. Second, on the increasing number
of officials who favor the law and are in hearty
sympathy with its enforcement. Third, on at
least two special features of the bill passed for
the enforcement of the law, viz: that which gives
our tax-commissioner the authority to look after
the law's enforcement in places where the local
authorities may be lax; and that which authorizes
any prosecuting attorney to employ detectives to
be paid out of the public funds. I am aware, of
course, that the low grade politician both in and
out of office, is to be reckoned with. And I am
also quite sure that prohibition will never achieve
its highest results until backed by a prohibition
administration. But I think the day is almost
here in West Virginia when the people will demand
of their respective parties, that they squarely
endorse the prohibtion law and pledge themselves
to its enforcement. And if they fail to do so,
there is a straight prohibition party in this state
that may have a rapid growth and come to power.
The liquor politician does not wield half the influence
now that he did 10 years ago and he is
rapidly passing. We cannot hope f. * an ideal
state of affairs all at once. Tremendous efforts
may be made to overthrow the law itself. Unscrupulous
men will do everything in their power
to turn the popular tide against it. Many will
evade and violate it merely for the hope of gain.
But the way of the transgressor will no doubt be
made very hard from the beginning, and eventually
he can and will be almost
COMPLETELY SUPPRESSED.
And with such enforcement of law its influence on
mining conditions will be unspeakably beneficial,
physically, morally, socially and in every material
way.
It has been suggested by some that it will be
difficult to secure men to work in the mines if
they cannot have access to liquor. But my prediction
is that very few will be missing on that
account; that the most valuable workers will remain,
and that the places of any who leave for wet
territory will speedily be filled with a better class
of laborers.
I am speaking today to practical men who have
the larger interests in the management of the
mines, and in the production and marketing of
coal. It cannot fail to be evident to you that
the strict enforcement of the law means, in the

language of one who is interested and has had
large experience in this industry, "greater efficiency,
a larger production per man employed, an
increase in safety to life, a reduction in the cost
of coal on board of cars, and an improvement in
the social welfare of every miners' family." Such
conditions will greatly enhance your own material
prosperity and promote your happiness and
contentment. It will give you a deeper interest
in the prosperity of the miners themselves, and
dispose you to the largest justice and kindness in
your intercourse and dealings with them. It is
therefore to your highest interest to aid in every
way you can in the strict enforcement of the law.
Your attitude, influence and efforts will be of tremendous
importance along this line.
A new era is being ushered in in our beloved
state. Our material resources are great and are
still in the very infancy of their development. In
but few places is labor in greater demand and the
need of efficiency more imperative. The liquor
traffic has greatly impeded our progress, and has
been largely responsible for our somewhat impaired
reputation in the eyes of our country. But
we are emerging from beneath this murky cloud.
We are coming out into the sunshine of a better
day, and, free from the incubus of the drinking
saloon which has clung like a loaathsome parasite
around our mines and other industries, we shall go
forth by leaps and bounds in the development of
our resources, in the acquisition of wealth, in mental,
moral and spiritual progress until we shall
plant our standaid at the very head of tbe states
of this glorious union.
John S. Jones of Chicago has won his case
against George J. Gould and others for the commissions
due him for acting as their agent in the
purchase of coal lands for the Little Kanawha
syndicate. The final decision was handed down
in the highest court in New York during the fortnight.
The original amount was $400,000, but
interest and otlier charges have brought the
amount to $610,000, this sum being awarded by
the court.
Immediate construction at San Francisco of an
underwater coal storage plant of from 200,000 to
300,000 tons capacity to meet fuel demands of the
navy when the Panama canal is opened, is recommended
by Paymaster General T. J. Cowie, of the
navy in his annual report recently made public.
But one mine produced coal in North Carolina
in 1912, that of A. J. Jones of Glendon, N. C.
E. D. Steele of High Point, and John L. Tull of
Hemp own mines but there was no production
from them during the year.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
OHIO COMMISSION REPORT IS DISCUSSED.
Conflicting stories are heard as to the forthcoming
report of the Ohio Mining commission.
Seemingly authentic sources tend to show that
there are three factions in the commission ancl
there will be some difficulty in arriving at a report
which will obtain a majority vote.
It is known that the question of conservation
will play an important part in the report. Just
how far it will go in the conservation recommendations
is not nown. Professor Hammond of the
Ohio State University is studying that phase of
the question and a lengthy report is expected. It
is claimed that one of the recommendations along
the conservation of Ohio's coal will be that before
a new* seam is opened it shall have the approval
of the Ohio Industrial commission of which the
state mine department is a part.
The rumor that the contention of the mineis to
be paid on the mine-run basis has been approved
by a majority of the commission is denied by
some who profess to know. If the plan of Senator
Green to pay on that basis is approved it will
undoubtedly be surrounded with conditions which
will not make the hardship upon operators so
marked. In the meantime contracts for steam
coal will either be held up or will contain a provision
covering the passage of any law changing
the mining scale in Ohio.
COMPANY IN RECE1VFFSHIP.
A petition has been filed in the Circuit court at
Alton, 111., asking that a receiver be appointed
for the DeCamp Coal Mining Co. Lack of business
and mild weather are given as the cause ot
the failure.
SELLS COAL INTFRFSTS.
M. T. Davis, president of the Cabin Creek Consolidated
Coal Co., has disposed of his interests in
that company and has retired from tbe nre=iden.y.
William Pnckett, one of the largest stockholders,
has been elected president.
The Davis interests have been purchased by
Pucket and other large stockholders in tbe company.
The companv has an authorized canital of
$1,500,000, of which $1,200,000 has been paid. The
mines of the company are located along Cabin
Creek, West Virginia.
The coal production of California for 1912, was
14,848 tons, valued at $39,092, comnared with 11,-
047 tons valued at $17,297 in 1911. according to
the official report of the State Mining Rttrpau,
prepared by State Minerologist F. McN. Hamilton.
Fifteen companies produced the tonnage.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Colorado Strike Situation is Quite «nd But Little
Progress is Made Toward Settlement.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 26)
and others, the output of which is not required
for this season's business, will not be opened until
the beginning of another season.
"The trade in steel and iron is lighter than it
has been in a number of years. Be cause of this
and the additional reason that there are still large
stocks of coal in the hands of dealers, placed there
immediately prior to the strike, the demand for
Colorado coal for the
REMAINDER OE THE WINTER
will be at deast 20 per cent. lighter than usual.
The number of men necessary to produce the required
output can easily be secured dining the
month of December.
"J. C. OSGOOD,
"D. W. BROWN,
"J. F. WELBORX."
Dec. 4 the result of the referendum vote of the
miners on the settlement proposition of Gov. Ammons
was tabulated and it was found to be overwhelmingly
adverse to accenting the proposition.
This fact was communicated to Secretary of Labor
Wilson, who, in turn, notified Gov. Amnions of
the result.
That there is no obstacle to the Department of
Justice prosecuting the indictments against the
officials of the Tnited Mine Workers of Pueblo.
Colo., was made plain at the executive offices,
Washington, D. C, Dec. S. President Wilson
told callers that there was nothing in the law that
"interfered with the usual processes of justice."
The President made it plain that prosecution can
be undertaken by the United States district attorney
for the Colorado district.
Eugene McGraw, international organizer of the
United Mine Workers of America, who succeeded
Adolph Germer as director of the strike after the
arrest of the latter, was arrested by the military
authorities on Dec. 9 in connection with the investigation
into the killing of three mine guards
and a chauffeur near La Veta Nov. 8.
Warrants for the arrest of the United Mine
Workers of America officers and members indicted
by the federal grand jury at Pueblo last
week were placed in the hands of United States
Marshal Dew-ey C. Bailey at Denver on the same
day. District Attorney Harry E. Kelley said that
the warrants would be served at once. He said
that the cases would be prosecuted in the United
States District court notwithstanding reports that
Department of Justice officials were to determine
whether the cases should go to trial.
Secretary Wilson of the Department of Labor
had an hour's conference with President Wilson
on the night of Dec. 9. concerning the Colorado
coal strike situation. He laid before the Presi­
dent all the
DETAILS OF THE SITUATION
he had obtained, but said after he left the White
House that he was not prepared to make an announcement
of the future course of the government.
The chronological story of tlie happenings in
the Colorado strike field in the Dec. 1 issue of THE
COAL TRADE BULLETIN closed with a brief statement
that the miners had rejected the proposed
bases of settlement made by Gov. Amnions and by
Gov. Ammons and Secretary of Labor Wilson, and
that the operators had accepted these proposals.
The text of these proposals is:
"Denver, Colo., Nov. 27.
"Messrs. J. F. Welborn, John C. Osgood, D. W.
Brown, operators; and Messrs. T. X. Evans,
Archie Allison, David Hammon, miners, Denver,
Colo.
"Gentlemen:—Having listened to your conference
throughout yesterday and believing from representations
made that there is no material difference
between you sufficient to warrant a continuance
of the present difficulties, I desire to make a
suggestion for the termination of the piesent industrial
dispute.
"The one apparently insurmountable obstacle to
a settlement was the recognition of the union, and
almost every other material difference between you
hinged about that question, or is covered by existing
law.
"There is no law compelling the operators to
recognize the union nor to permit tbe employes
to exact that recognition. The statute does provide,
however, for the right to join a union if the
miners so wish without coercion or interference.
This law has been read to all the conferees and its
provisions agreed to by each conferee. It reads
as follows, and I suggest to you that its provisions
be made the basis of a conclusion on this point:
" Tt shall be unlawful for any individual, company
or corporation or any member of any firm,
or agent, officer or employe of any company or
corporation, to prevent employes from forming.
joining or belonging to any lawful organization.
union, society or political party, or to coerce or
attempt to coerce employes by discharging or
threatening to discharge them from their employ
or the employ of any firm, company or corporation,
because of their connection with such lawful
labor organization, union, society or political
party.'—Section 3925, Reviser! Statutes of Colorado
1903.
"Bearing in mind the discussion on the other
points involved, I suggest the following as a satisfactory
solution:
"The employment of a cheekweighman as pro-

vided by law, giving the niiners themselves the
right to choose their own cheekweighman.
"The carrying out in good faith the statute making
it unlawful to use or employ,
DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY,
the so-called 'truck' or 'scrip' system in the payment
of men.
"The enforcement of the law for an eight-hour
day in all underground mines and coke ovens, as
provided in chapter 95 of the session laws of 1913.
"That all employes shall have the right to buy
where they will without interference or coercion
of any kind whatsoever.
"That all employes shall have a semi-monthly
pay day according to the custom now prevailing in
coal mines over most ot the state.
"That all employes shall have the right to board
where they please.
"The enforcement of all the provisions of the
coal mine inspection law of 1913 providing for the
safety of the mines and the protection of the life
and health of the employes.
"That all employes now on strike shall be given
employment except where their places have been
filled or where they have been guilty of violence
or other unlaw-ful acts; and that where places have
been filled, other work will be furnished as soon
as practicable.
"Respectfully submitted,
"E. M. AMMONS, Governor."
The operators' letter of acceptance is:
"Denver, Colo., Nov. 27, 1913.
"Hon. E. M. Ammons,
"Governor of Colorado.
"Sir:—We are just in receipt of your letter of
this date and hereby accept your suggestions for
a termination of the strike of our former employes.
"We invite them to return to work on the terms
mentioned by you, and assure you and our former
employes that we will conform in good faith to
all the suggestions contained in your letter.
"Sincerely,
"J. F. WELBORN.
"D. W. BROWN.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. di­
"J. C. OSGOOD."
The joint letter of Secretary Wilson and Gov.
Ammons is:
"Denver, Colo., Nov. 27, 1913.
"Messrs. J. F. Welborn, John C. Osgood, D. W.
Brown, Operators, ancl Messrs T. X. Evans,
Archie Allison. David Hammon, Miners, Denver,
Colorado.
"Gentlemen:—In view of the failure of your
conference to reach an agreement by which the
pending strike of coal miners
CAN BE ADJUSTED.
I submit the following recommendations with the
hope that they may be acceptable to you, and this
disastrous strike brought to an end:
"First. That the propositions of the coal opera
tors as contained in the memorandum of Gov.
Ammons, dated Nov. 27, be agreed to by the miners.
"Second. That the tollowing disputed questions
be referred to a board of arbitration:
"(a) The question of an increase in wages.
"(h) In lieu of the proposition of recognition
of the union, the question of devising a method
by which future grievances and disputes may he
adjusted without resorting to strikes.
"The Board of Arbitration to be composed of
seven members, three to be selected by the coal
operators, three to be selected by the coal miners;
these six to select the seventh member of the
board. If, through any cause, the six members
of the board fail to select the seventh member
within 15 days, then the seventh member shall be
selected by the president of the United States.
The Board of Arbitration to render the decision
within 60 days and its finding on the question of
wages to be effective from the date of resuming
work.
"Third. That pending the decision of the Board
of Arbitration, work be resumed at the mines."
President John P. White and Vice President
Frank J. Hayes of the United Mine Workers held
a conference with Secretary Wilson Nov. 27. Wilson
recommended, as he later did in the joint letter
printed above, that the strikers go back to work
and leave the questions mentioned to a board of
arbitration.
Among the happenings during the closing days
of November was the arrest of Secretary-Treasurer
E. L. Doyle of the United Mine Workers of Colorado
by the military authorities on a charge of
conspiracy in connection with the slaying of Detective
G. W. Belcher, and his subsequent release
on older of Gov. Ammons.
Another was the acquiescence of State Auditor
R. Kenehan in the order of the court and his signature
of vouchers for pay of the National Guard.
Nov. 2S Gov. Ammons issued written instructions
to Gen. Chase, commanding the National
Guard, permitting men to seek employment in the
strike zone, providing they previously had been
informed that a strike existed and were told of the
conditions in the field.
The Consolidation Coal Co. has put up new
houses at Viropa, Glen Falls and Lost Creek, W.
Va., and F. R. Lyon, general manager of operations
for the company, stated recently that the
erection of new houses at other points was
planned. None of these houses will cost less than
$1,000 and the cost of many will run as high as
$1,500.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Make Accident Reports in Duplicate.
In order to keep in closer touch with the accidents
that occur in and around the mines of the
state, the West Virginia Department of Mines has
sent out circular letters asking the coal operators
in making their reports of accidents to the mine
inspectors to make duplicate copies, sending one
directly to the office of the Department of Mines
at Charleston, and another to the inspector as
heretofore. The Department of Mines is called
upon almost daily for information concerning accidents,
and in the future it is desired to be able
to give this information promptly.
The Wilhoit Coal Co., which has been operating
mines in the Harlan district of eastern Kentucky,
has been adjudged bankrupt in the District court
of Louisville on the petition of three creditors,
the Standard Oil Co., the Swann-Abram Hat Co.
and the Keuffel & Esser Co.
Advance estimates are to the effect that Ala­ It is alleged in the statement of claim filed by
bama's coal production for 1913 will break all pre­ the plaintiffs that Snyder and Charles Donnelly,
vious records and will approach close to 18,000,000 now deceased, owned the McClure Coke Co., which
tons.
was later purchased by tlie H. C. Frick Coke Co.
A special meeting of the Portsmouth Coal Min­
It is averred by the plaintiff that it has been coming
Co. was held Dec. 3 at Portland, Me., to authorpelled
to pay obligations which belonged to the
ize dissolution of the company.
McClure Coke Co.
THE SEASON'S GREETINGS
AND
VERY BEST WISHES
FOR
MY FRIENDS AND PATRONS
F. C. ALBRECHT
MANAGER INDUSTRIAL AND POWER DIVISION
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MFG. CO.
UNION BANK BUILDING.
PITTSBURGH, PA.
LABOR BEFORE FEDERATION.
Labor organizations are allowed to exist in the
United States, yet the right of coalition, union
and free speech, is denied them under the Sherman
anti-trust law, Samuel Gompers, president of the
American Federation of Labor, asserted in an address
at the fourteenth annual meeting of the National
Civic Federtaion Dec. 12.
John Hays Hammond urged that the regulation
of corporations should be left to an interstate
industrial commission, whose dignity would be
on a parity with that of the United States Supreme
court. A. B. Garretson said that agreements between
organizations of workingmen and their
employers fixing hours of labor, conditions and
wages, should not be considered as being in violation
of tbe Sherman law.
The H. C. Frick Coke Co. has filed a suit in the
Fayette county, Pa., court against William P. Sny­
der in which it seeks to recover $80,000 damages.
L. S. Mellinger, of Dawson, Pa., was this week
named receiver for the Minerd & Herd Coal Co.,
which operates a custom mine at Wheeler, Pa.
The company is composed of Charles Minerd and
Washington Herd.
The Wallworth Coal Co. took out papers Dec. 11,
at Kittanning, Pa., to establish a town to be known
as Wallworth on the other side of the Allegheny
river from Kittanning. The company will open
mines there.
The Ohio Brass Co., Mansfield. 0„ has just
mailed to the trade a folder, with return post card
attached, in which the merits of the company's
compressed all-wire bonds are tersely set forth.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
j Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Contrictor» for DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
PEALE, PEACOCK fl KERR
OF NEW YORK
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The acquisition and operation of municipal coal
mines, suggested by the Denver city council to
combat high fuel prices, is "entirely practicable,
but not demanded immediately," according to the
Colorado public utilities commission, in a report
submitted Dec. 3, following an investigation requested
by the council into the advisability of
such a proposition.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-15
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUR, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes- up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, In
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
Bee it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
FOR SALE
Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
& D. also the Kittannings C. & B.
The E. & C. are being operated and open for
inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quarters
of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
For Sale. TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909- IO.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES FOR STATE
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
MINE INSPECTORS CERTIFICATES.
The State Mining Board of Illinois has announced
the list of successful applicants at the
recent examination for state mine inspectors.
Those eligible to appointment are: David E.
Wall, Springfield; John Garrity, Riverton; David
Z. Thrus, Farmington; William Hartman, Belleville;
John Kaney, Centralia; Thomas E. Myers,
Marion; John E. Jones, Danville; John Mc-
Clintock, Murphysboro; James S. Reid, Carter­
ville; R. E. M. Coulson, Glen Carbon; J. XV.
Starks, Georgetown; James Haskins, Catlin; J.
W. Siddell, Tower Hill; George L. Morgan, Benton;
J. C. Duncan, Benton; Patrick Hogan, Canton;
Thomas H. Devlin, Assumption; Ben D. Roberts,
Streator; Archibald Frew, Gillespie.
W. H. Johnson, Crafton, Pa., has been awarded
Ihe contract to bore a single track tunnel at Greer,
Pa., for the Jlontour railroad, a subsidiary of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. Work is to commence at
once.
THE J. B. SANBORN CO.
Special Mercantile Agency >
* won THI »
COAL TRADE.
\ PUBLISHERS OF J
\ The Coal Dealers' Blue Book I
\ Contains a Complete List for the United >
C States and Canada of all Coal Operators, b
z Shippers and Dealers, Gas Companies, Ele- >
; vators, Foundries, Mills, Iron Works, and i
£ all Manufacturers who buy Coal and Coke In '-.
r car load lots, with capital and pay ratings. ^
. ___ .. _ „-.*""_..,. - ». 1438 SO. PENN SQUARE, :•
.- 550 Monon Building, 440 Dearborn St.. _,.,. .„_, _,_,,« >.
'. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA ;
NEW UNLOADING RECORD.
Reports from Superior, Wis., where the Heyl-
Patterson Co. of Pittsburgh installed a huge coal
dock rig some months ago for the Northwestern
Fuel Co., show that the world's record for speedy
unloading* has been surpassed. Two of the largest
lake freighters, laden with 10,000 tons of coal
each, were unloaded in 36 hours, four hours less
than the contract stipulated. During a test the
"bridge" handled as high as 812 tons in one hour.
It is a "10-coal bridge" oi the Heyl-Patterson
type, equipped with a standard 10-ton digging
bucket and a six-ton clean-up bucket. The changing
from one bucket to another requires only 10
or 15 minutes. The bridge has a clear span of
550 feet, with a total length of 710 feet. It is
the largest self-propelled structure ever mounted
on wheels. It has 15 motors. The boats are unloaded
with from 15 to 20 fewer trips than were
formerly required.
At the request of all the stockholders of the
Brady Coal Co.. the mines of which are located
at Mabie, Randolph county, W. Va., Judge Warren
B. Kittle, of Elkins, W. Va„ appointed A. N.
Humphries of Philippi, receiver for the coal company.
The request for a receiver is not the result
of any insolvency or threatened insolvency, but
solely the result of internal differences as to the
management of the coal operations. The Brady
mine is and has been paying handsomely for several
years and is regarded among mining experts
as an excellent mine.
The Emerald Coal & Coke Co., of Pittsburgh,
has filed notices with the state department at Harrisburg,
Pa., of an increase in capital stock from
$1,500,000 to $2,000,000.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOl/j
TT
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
O A
PENNSYLVANIA.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTMORELAND COAL CO.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE,
224 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLLIERY OWNERS, MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
THEE STANDARD
WESTMORELAND COAL
MINES LOCATED IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.
This Coal fs unexcelled for gas-making, both in illuminating and for producer work.
For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high-pressure
steaming, and in all places where a strong and pure fuel is required, it has no equal.
JAMES S. GEEGAN. GENERAL. MANABER F. J. MULLHOLAND, SAL_» MANAOER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGII-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL •PHONE, 2517 COURT P & A 'PHONE, M 151
J. II. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS : (
Moisture 153 BEST FOR STEAM AND
Volatile Matter - - - - 35.96 _7_7T_ _^ . „
Fixed Carbon . . . - 56.34 DOMESTIC USES I
Ash 6.17 <
Sulphur - - - - - 1.79 5
B. T. U. per pound of Dry Co_l, 13544.3 ° ffices : * 3 1 5 Park Building, PITTSBURGH.
Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory BeU D 1822-1823-1824
{ Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist. ;

s 15he
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, JANUARY 2, 1914 No. 3
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUELISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1913, by THE COAL TKADE COMPANY.
A. E. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STUAUBJ Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to eoal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN-,
9-'fi-'_30 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone _50 Grant.
rEntered at (he l'ost Oflice at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
THE COAL TRADE ENTERS ANOTHER YEAR WITH PRO­
DUCTION SHOWING A DECREASE and with prices show­
ing a tendency to softness in spots. Such is the
surface appearence, but underneath this apparent
retrogression is a feeling of better things to come
and a tonnage for the first quarter of the year
that will put figures of 1913 to shame, while in
the price question one operating official voiced a
sentiment that seems general when he said the
consumer who is holding back now is sure to be
"stung" for higher priced coal because of his dila­
tory tactics.
No one denies that, just now, a stagnation exists
in the trade. 'Twould be foolish to do so. The
holidays, unseasonable weather, end of year stock
taking, and the closing of the lake season all have
had their part in this. But now that real winter
seems to be here, orders by transportation com­
panies are being placed and a general resumption
of business is reported, the opinion is general the
trade pendulum has swung past the low point and
on the move toward the high point, even if it only
is the start. Reports of a few cargoes of coal
still in transit up the lakes keep a shred of in­
terest alive in the lake situation, but it has reached
the stage, practically, of cleaning up docks and
taking stock of the good and the bad points of the
season.
Car and labor supply are questions that don't
appear to worry anyone very much just now, the
principal point being just how many holidays the
miners will celebrate. The Colorado strike situa­
tion now is a negligible quantity in the labor con­
dition of the country, the petty stoppages being of
greater concern as a whole.
In the Pittsburgh district, more than any other,
perhaps, the holiday season is having its effect
on mining. For in this district there is a greater
smattering of nationalities than in any other in
the country, and each one has its peculiar holidays,
resulting in lessened working forces. With mills
and furnaces closing up their year's business dur­
ing the past fortnight, this condition didn't count
for so much, but now, when they are beginning to
open up once more, if it continues it will be seri­
ous. Production during the fortnight was iess
than 60 per cent, of capacity, and while it wasn't
to the liking of operators they made little com­
plaint, due to the fact that they were thus able
to maintain prices at cai J figures without any
trouble. Right here is the bright spot in the
trade just now. With decreased demand, unsea­
sonable weather and other drawbacks that gener­
ally spell slashing of quotations to unload ton­
nage on wheels, Pittsburgh operators have had
no difficulty in getting their price for coal pro­
duced. This is one of the things that led the
official quoted above to make the remark about
higher prices as soon as the demand picks up—a
condition that is bound to come as soon as the
mine workers take up the wage proposition in
their annual convention. Prices are quoted at:
$1.30 to $1.10 for run-of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50
for three-quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for inch and
one-quarter coal and slack at 85 to 95 cents.
The Connellsville coke trade enters the new
year with a record-breaking tonnage to its credit
for 1913, and a record of the best year for a long
time insofar as prices go. Tonnage over the holi­
days was cut down almost to a minimum figure,
and this helped in the way of maintaining prices.

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Manufacturers have stood firm for their demands
for a living price and first half contracts that have
been made indicate that their stand has not been
in vain. The year opened with the smallest num­
ber of ovens in operation since the closing week
of 1911, but it is probable they will show an in­
crease as soon as the holiday celebrations are over.
Prices are held at $2.50 to $2.75 for furnace coke
and $3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite trade is experiencing a stagna­
tion as well as the bituminous. Tlie weather con­
ditions had much to do with this, and because of
light demand due to absence of low temperatures.
some coal is being stored by the producing com­
panies. Mines not affected by petty strikes are
not working full time and there is a likelihood it
will De several weeks before a decided change for
the better is noticeable. Prices are held at win­
ter figures.
* * *
THE CUSTOMARY REVIEW OF THE YEAK APPEARS
on another page of this issue of Tin-: COAL TRADE
BtLLETiN. Forming a part of it is an estimate
of the tonnage of the United States for 1913. It
shows another record breaker. Elsewhere appears
the estimate of the Geological survey. It shows
still a further increase. But we are of opinion
its minimum figures are too high. Comparisons
of railroad tonnage statistics and state mining de­
partment figures indicate THE COAL TRADE BULLE­
TIN estimate will be found close to actual production
when the total tonnage is reported. This
wonderful increase in tonnage was accompanied by
a twelve-month of good prices, almost a new phase
of the industry, and this is the hopeful note in tlie
trade, as it presages, apparently, the passing of
the day when the operator strove for tonnage, no
matter what the price. The review, we believe,
will be found to cover all the important phases of
the industry during the year and to portray faithfully
the outline of the more important events.
* # *
FREIGHT RATES ON COAL continue to absorb the
attention of the Interstate Commerce commission
to a large degree, and while the carriers have furnished
the commission with an outline of the manner
of arriving at the proposed inn eases, the commission
desires still more information on the subject.
In connection with this phase of the trade
a new note is interjected by a letter of the president
of one of the largest producing concerns, in
which he advocates the granting of the plea of the
carriers and bases his plea on the ground that the
additional revenue would enable them to furnish
more adequate service, thus permitting the coal
man to reap larger benefits through increased tonnage.
The outcome will be awaited with interest.
* * *
ABSOLUTE VIOLATION OF CONTRACTS IS CHARGED
against the miners by Central Pennsylvania operators
in their letter forwarded to the officials of
the mine warkers in that district. Coupled with
the charge is a threat that unless the cause for
complaint is removed there will be a break in
contractual relations. The communication is the
result of the annoying petty strikes that have
afflicted that district along with all others in the
country during 1912. And, as was the case in
nearly every other district, a majority of these
strikes were called against the direct orders of the
miners' officials, who in many cases, not only refused
to recognize the strike, but ordered the men
back to work. The miners should take a second
thought before indulging in precipitate action, for
unless they do so operators from other districts
will likely follow in the footsteps of those in Central
Pennsylvania and demoralization of the trade
will result should all relations finally be severed.
„^^___-_-„„_-^„„____-_-_-. „,_-_- ,.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS •
"You've told us this," says the I. C. C. to the railroads,
"But we still want to know some more about your
coal loads,
"So just answer this latest bunch of questions on
freights,
"And then, perhaps, we'll make a new decision on
rates."
# . *
Anthracite men are thankful for one small favor.
They don't have to pay a tax on coal to get out
more coal on which they are compelled to pay a
tax. May be, yes, they will get some more exemptions,
already yet.
* * *
A Happy and prosperous New Year, to you, Mr.
Coal Man, be you operator or dealer. May your
order book be full at fat prices, and may you
know no worry but how to fill the demands of
customers.
* * *
Those Central Pennsylvania operators don't hesitate
to "talk out plain in meetin'," relative to
petty strikes.
* * *
A green Christmas may make a fat graveyard,
Imt it pufs a crimp in the coal man's pocketbook.
Old Man 1913 sure chucked Grandfather 1911's
record in the gob, both tonnage and prices.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 26
COAL PRODUCTION IN 1913 BROKE ALL PREVIOUS RECORDS, AND
YEAR WAS NOTABLE FOR BETTER PRICES
All production figures in the coal industry were
shattered in the year 1913, just closed, and
the United States surpassed all previous
records. This was the big thing in the
industry during the year. Next, to this in the
matter of noteworthy features of the trade was the
ability of the producing companies to maintain
prices at a figure that did not spell loss. Labor
troubles had their effect on the industry during
the year, two fields experiencing considerable difficulty—West
Virginia and Colorado. What really
was worse in this line was tbe innumerable petty
strikes all over the country, particularly in the
unionized fields, that cost the operators more in
tonnage and money than the troubles in West Virginia
and Colorado.
The estimated tonnage for the year, by states, is:
*1912, JT913.
Alabama 16,100,000 17,500,000
Alaska ® 3,000
Arkansas 2.100,819 2,500,000
California ©11,333 15,000
Colorado 10,977,824 9,500,000
Georgia ©227,703 ©250,000
Idaho © 2,964 3,000
Illinois 59,885,226 62,000,000
Indiana 15,285,718 17,250,000
Iowa 7,289.529 7,500,000
Kansas 6,986,1S2 7,500.000
Kentucky 16,490,521 17,000,000
Maryland 4,964,038 4,750,000
Michigan 1,206,230 1,200,000
Missouri 4,339,856 4,500,000
Montana 3.04S.495 3,300,000
Nevada © 1,000
New Mexico 3,536,824 3,750,000
North Dakota 499,480 500,000
Ohio 34,528,727 37,500,000
Oklahoma 3,675,418 4,250,01)0
Oregon 41,637 45,000
Penna.—Bituminous . . . 161.865,488 175,000,000
South Dakota © 10,000
Tennessee 6,473,228 6,500.000
Texas 2,188,612 2,300,000
Utah 3,016,149 3,600,000
Virginia 7.S46.63S S,500,0(i0
Washington 3,360,932 3,750,000
West Virginia 66,786,687 64,000,000
Wyoming 7,368,124 7,500,000
Total
Penna.—Anthracite
450,104,982
S4.361.5S9
Total 534,466,5S0
471,977,000
90,500,000
562,477,000
While the above figures show a record breaking
tonnage, it also is noticeable the bituminous end
of the industry, and included in this is the coke
trade, alone has passed the high mark previously
set. The anthracite industry showed a big increase
over 1912, but it failed to pass the mark set
in 1911. It may be judged from this that this
branch of the industry has reached its zenith unless
some unforeseen and prolonged suspension of
liituminous mining shall push anthracite tonnage
to a new record.
A glance over the accompanying table is instructive
in throwing some light on the different
fields where production showed an increase and
those where there was a falling off in tonnage.
They show that Pennsylvania once more leads
both in tonnage and in the increase over the previous
year. They also show that Illinois, Ohio,
Indiana, Alabama, Kentucky, Kansas and Virginia
are among the states that have largely increased
tonnage to their credit. West Virginia
and Colorado show the greatest decrease in
tonnage, and in each instance the loss was due
to labor troubles. Iowa, Maryland and Michigan
either show decreases or practically equaled their
1912 record, while in Missouri, Montana, New
Mexico. North Dakota, Oregon, Tennessee. Texas,
©Included in California.
©Includes Alaska.
©Includes North Carolina.
©Includes Nevada.
©Included in Idaho.
©First reported production in 1913.
*U. S. Geological Survey figures.
tEstimated from railroad, government, operators
and state mine inspectors' figures. The thanks of
the editor is extended to the following state mine
inspectors for aid in compiling this estimate;
Messrs. C. H. Nesbitt, Alabama; Sumner S. Smith,
Alaska; T. H. Shaw, Arkansas; James Dalrymple.
Colorado; Robert N. Bell, Idaho; Martin Bolt, chief
clerk State Mining Board, Illinois; F. I. Pearce,
Indiana: L. E. Stamm, secretary to mine inspectors,
Iowa: Francis Keegan, Kansas; C. J. Norwood,
Kentucky; William Walters, Maryland; J. V. Cunningham,
commissioner of labor, Michigan; J. P.
Hawkins, secretary bureau of mines, Missouri;
J. B. McDermott, Montana: Ed. Ryan, Nevada:
.Joseph H. Pratt, state geologist, North Carolina;
Rees H. Beddow, New Mexico; Jay W. Bliss, North
Dakota: J. C. Davies, Ohio; Ed. Boyle, Oklahoma;
H. M. Parks, director bureau of mines and geology,
Oregon: ,1. E. Roderick, Pennsylvania; Otto
Ellman, South Dakota; George E. Sylvester, Tennessee;
I. J. Broman. Texas; J. E. Pettit, Utah; James
B. Doherty, Virginia: James Bagley. Washington;
Earl A. Henry, West Virginia, and George Blacker
and W. E. Jones, Wyoming.
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 55)
!

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE COAL TRADE IN 1913
By Mr. H. A. Kuhn. President of the Pittsbureh-Westmoreland Coal Company
The coal mines in the United States in 1913
produced about 580.000,000 tons of coal. From
the Pittsburgh seam in Western Pennsylvania
there was mined approximately 100,000,000 tons—
60,000,000 in Westmoreland and Fayette counties
and 40,000,000 tons in Washington and Allegheny
counties.
This is the concise record of the wonderful coal
trade of the t'nited States and of the Pittsburgh
district. The figures are stupendous and impressive.
In the Pittsburgh district the coal mining industry
at tbe present time is at "parade rest,"
after the largest lake season the district ever has
had. The lake coal shipped from this district to
the lakes this year aggregates 12,000,000 tons.
Each recent year shows an increased tonnage from
this district to the lakes of 1,000,000 to 1,500,000
tons. The lake shipments now are measured by
available quantities—the lake demand has outgrown
the possible production of the Pittsburgh
district. It is too soon for big buying for next
year and for the heavier demands of the winter
market, hence the temporary cessation of full
operations. Coal is consumed all the year around,
but the Pittsburgh coal district h.s its seasons,
as in other business. The great storms on the
lakes left a large tonnage at the lake front, which
should have gene to the head of the lakes. For
that reason the coal was held there too late to be
shipped this season and had to be sold to prevent
railroad demurrage, and that has had a temporary
effect on coal production in the district.
Miners in all coal districts were scarce until
September the last year, but no difficulty is found
in that direction now. However, the full complement
of miners in the various coal districts of
the country from this year on is likely to be the
exception rather than the rule. It is not improbable
that the lessened supply of labor in coal mining
from now on may develop in the near future
fuel difficulties in the industries. The natural
increased demand for coal in the country will require
between 40,000 and 60,000 new miners to
mine the increased production of coal each year.
The consumption of coal in the country requires
that increased production. The stream of foreigners
which formerly flowed to the mining districts
runs more now to other and various work.
The wage settlement between the niiners and
operators in four states—Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana
and Illinois—terminates March 31. This
will have the effect as it always does, of greatly
increasing the demand for coal and increasing
prices for the preceding months before the termination
of that agreement. The miners in the last
eight or 10 years have forced an advance of some
kind on the operators each year. While in previous
years the larger companies have offered no
resistance to the various demands, it is believed
the stage has been reached where such companies
will take a firmer stand than heretofore. Notwithstanding
the present high wage scale, increased
demands will be made on the operators
this year. The miners, however, will put forth
their greatest efforts to obtain what is termed
"run-of-mine" basis. Today the miner is paid for
screened coal for the reason that if he was not so
paid it is argued he would, to facilitate his work,
reduce a greater percentage of the coal mined to
fine coal or slack by shooting it to pieces. If
the miners succeeded in forcing their demands foi
run-of-mine basis it will have the effect of reducing
the selling value of the coal 10 to 15 per cent.
or more. It is thought that even the largest companies,
which heretofore have shown the least resistance
in matters of wage settlement, will oppose
vigorously such demands. It is bound to take
some time to work out a solution of the difficulti .
and the operators feel they must resist demand-.
for changes of this kind which they insist aw
wholly a matter for the operators to decide for
themselves.
The outcome of each wage settlement is more or
less problematical, buyers of coal, no more than
the operators, know whether or not suspension of
mining or strike will result in such a contest;
and this year will be of unusual interest because
the run-of-mine basis will be urged for the first
time as a leading demand by the miners. The
commission appointed by the governor of Ohio to
determine the best method of paying miners has
reported in favor of a law compelling operators
to pay on a run-of-mine basis. This action of
the commission undoubtedly will bring on a suspension
of mining in Ohio and Western Pennsylvania
before a settlement can be reached. The
question is a vital one to the operators and will
be fought to the limit.
The increased consumption of coal is proceeding
at a rapid rate. In 1900 this country p*—i-*-*?d
267,000,000 tons of coal, in 1910 it producea 501,-
000,000 tons of coal, an increase of S7 per cent.
over the former period. We are producing today
at the rate of 580,000,000 to 600,000,000 tons a year,
and in six years, or in 1920. this countiy will be
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 57)
t

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
CONNELLSVILLE COKE PRODUCTION FOR THE YEAR 1913
The production of coke in the Connellsville region
for the year 1913, according to statistics gathered
by Mr. H. P. Snyder, editor of the Connellsville
Courier, together with the number of ovens
in the region, the number in blast and the number
idle, each week, was:
Week. Ovens. In blast. Idle. Tons.
.. 38,844
Jan. 11 .. 38,858
Jan. 18 . . 38,822
Jan. 25 .. 38,822
Feb. 1 . . 38,822
Feb. 8 .. 38,822
Feb. 15 .. 38,822
Feb. 22 . . 38,772
March 1 . . .. 38,772
March 8 . . ,.. 38,772
March 15 . , .. 38,772
March 22 . .. . 38,718
March 29 . ... 38,815
April 5 ... . .. 38,835
April 12 . . .. . 38,835
April 19 . . .. . 38,835
April 26 . . .. 38,843
May 3 . .. 38,992
May 10 . .. . . . 39,003
May 17 ... . . . 39,006
May 24 . .. . . . 39,003
May 31 . . . . . 39,003
. . . 39,103
June 14 . . ... 39,103
June 21 . . ... 39,103
June 28 . . .. . 39,103
July 5 ... . . . 39,127
July 12 . . .. 39,127
July 19 . . .. 39,066
July 26 . . .. . 39,066
Aug. 2 ... .. . 39,066
Aug. 9 . .. .. . 39,066
Aug. 16 . . .. . 39,068
Aug. 23 . . ... 39,068
Aug. 30 . . .. . 39,068
Sept. 6 . .. . . . 39,068
Sept. 13 . . .. 39,068
Sept. 20 . . . . 39,067
Sept. 27 . . ... 39,067
Oct. 4 ... 39,067
Oct. 11 . . .. . . 39,067
Oct. 18 . .. .. . 39,067
Oct, 25 . .. . . . 39,067
Nov. 1 ... 39,067
Nov. 8 ... 39,067
Nov. 15 . .. ... 39,067
Nov. 22 . . ... . 39,067
Nov. 29 .. . ... 39,067
32,840
32,881
33,013
32,971
33,003
33,039
33,062
33,008
33,078
33,116
33,147
33,018
32,925
32,781
32,682
32,228
32,241
32,270
32,134
32,155
32,052
32,074
31,948
31,923
32,000
31,900
32,413
31,801
31,501
31,319
31,258
31,429
31,540
30,864
30,814
30,322
30,124
30,073
30,207
29,995
29,763
30,039
30,036
29,933
29,669
29,506
28,481
28,433
6,004
5,977
5,809
5,851
5,819
5,783
5,756
5,764
5,694
5,656
5,625
5,700
5,890
6,054
6,153
6,607
6,602
6,657
6,869
6,851
6,954
6,929
7,155
7,180
7,103
7,203
6,714
7,326
7,565
7,747
7,808
7,637
7,528
8,204
8,254
8,746
8,944
8,994
8,860
9,072
9,304
9,028
9,031
9,134
9,398
9,561
10,586
10,634
384,204
404,397
429,828
416,282
422,753
410,443
435,441
441,645
432,645
413,285
445,494
430,885
353,933
373,634
370,676
408,407
415,745
403,069
414,486
409,428
396,904
401,321
409,015
410,608
402,305
409,999
333,358
390,470
399,704
9Q9 9 99
0.11,0.0
385,065
392,825
396,617
369,476
403,030
369,459
374,810
378,437
385,494
358,298
386,890
379,605
385,670
375,230
354,045
336,162
355,240
344,108
Dec. 6 39,067
Dec. 13 39,067
Dec. 20 39,067
Dec. 27 39,067
26,791
26,695
26,428
12,276
12,372
12,639
321,927
307,790
284,964
*250,000
Total 20,568,945
This is aagin of 536,670 tons over the production
of 1912. The year started in with production
growing and it continued to climb each week
until the high point was reached the week of
March 15, when 445,494 tons were produced.
From that date production dropped but clung
close to the 400,000 tons mark until the week of
Aug. 23, when the retrograde movement really
started and the low weekly figure was reached during
the week of Dec. 20, when production dropped
below 300,000 tons for the first time during the
year. The largest number of ovens were in blast
March 15, the total being 33,147 and the smallest
number was active Dec. 20, when only 26,428 were
burning.
A. W. CALLOWAY PREDICTS
EARLY TRADE REVIVAL.
Following an inspection of the Davis Coal &
Coke Co. properties in the Western Maryland's
territory, General Manager A. W. Calloway, of Baltimore,
but recently of Indiana, Pa., where he was
associated with the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh
coal interests, predicted a trade revival. He
said in part:
"It is natural that manufacturers and others
should not feel disposed to close the present year
with heavy stocks, etc., on hand and this desire
to clean house, so to speak has, no doubt, brought
with it an easing up in some particular lines. At
this time, there is a slackening demand for coal.
Y'et I cannot help but feel that normal trade conditions
will continue next year. It might be well
for the business community to take advantage of
this breathing spell in the trade situation to adjust
matters so that they will be better able to
meet the normal demand during the year.
"One important factor in the business world—
the tariff bill—is now behind us and manufacturers
have been gradually adjusting their affairs to
meet the new conditions with which they are now
face to face. This adjustment has been progressing
gradually and without any serious interruption
to business."
The Kansas Public Utilities commission is wrestling
with the problem of re-classifying intra-state
coal freight rates according to sizes.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
HEAD OF BIG COAL COMPANY
FAVORS FREIGHT RATE INCREASES.
President J. H. Wheelwright of the Consolidation
Coal Co.. Baltimore, favors the proposed increases
in freight rates, taking the stand that it
will enable the railroads to furnish better service.
His views, embodied in a letter, just made
public, are:
"This company being among the largest miners
and shippers of coal in the United States, I am
taking the liberty of writing to you in connection
with the petition of the eastern railroads requesting
your body to grant them an increase of
five per cent on all rates.
"The Consolidation Coal Co. produces and ships
about 12,000,000 tons of coal per annum. In 1907
for the first eight months we mined in our Fairmont
field 4,237.333 tons. At that time we had
41 mines in operation since which time we have
spent in equipment and opening additional mines
$1,019,542.75. For the first eight months of 1913
we have produced in our Fairmont field 3,439,255
tons, showing a decrease, in face of all these expenditures
and additional mines, of 1,000.000 tons.
In 1907 there was no question of marketing coal
if it could be produced. The same condition has
absolutely prevailed in 1913, and as the physical
capacity of our mines has largely increased in the
last six years, the reason for this decrease must
be sought elsewhere.
"In 1907 in the Fairmont region we had 41
mines, and the total number of mines in the region
was 68. Since that time there has been a
large increase in numbers and physical capacity
of mines, so there are now 135 mines in operation
in this region, and, therefore, while the total
amount of coal produced in the Fairmont field
has increased, yet owing to the inability of the
carrier, the Baltimore & Ohio, to furnish us with
equipment to load the product of our mines our
tonnage has steadily decreased.
"As the industrial development of that region
increased and expanded the equipment of the Baltimore
& Ohio was required by law to be distributed
pro rata, and, notwithstanding the fact that
in the last three years President Daniel Willard,
of the Baltimore & Ohio, has expended in rebuilding
the line and furnishing equipment nearly
$100,000,000; with the exception of Mondays, we
hardly ever received sufficient cars at all of our
mines in the Fairmont region to have a full day's
run and on many days at least half our mines are
shut down for want of cars.
"It is claimed by the railroads, and it seems to
me with reason, that unless their rates are advanced
they will be unable to make even an attempt
to furnish the necessary equipment and
transportation facilities along their lines, and the
fact stares us in the face that if this is not done
the industries which ship large volumes of freight
must look with fear into the future.
"A large amount of the increase of freight rates
on coal from and other commodities into the regions
in which this company's operations are located
will fall on this company, as an illustration
the five per cent, advance will at least, cost this
company $75,000 per annum on its lake coal alone.
"The coal operators to get the production of
their mines to the market must have something
more than a freight rate—they must have transportation
facilities, and if the railroad companies
are unable on the present rate to obtain sufficient
funds—and it will require large sums—to provide
themselves with ample cars to perform their public
duty, which is to provide each and every
shipper along their lines with ample transportation
facilities, then we think that the general
freight rate increase should be granted, even if it
does increase the cost of transportation to ourselves
and others."
PLANS FOR KENTUCKY IMPROVEMENTS
ANNOUNCED BY BIG INTERESTS.
Messrs. J. J. Johnson, of Baltimore; Johnson N.
Camden, of Versailles, Ky.; John C. Mayo, ol
Paintsville, Ky.; J. XX. M. Stewart, of Ashland,
Ky.: Hon. Clarence W. and George T. Watson, of
Fairmont, W. Va.; -Mr. J. H. Wheelwright, of Baltimore,
and Col. C. Bascom Slemp have just completed
an extensive tour over Eastern Kentucky
territory, and say these extensive improvements
and developments have been arranged for and
agreed upon:
A proposed extension of the Lexington & Eastern
will be built.
Another line will be built paralleling the entire
length of the Chesapeake & Ohio's Big Sandy road
by the Baltimore & Ohio.
Plans have been drawn for the B. & O. to secure
federal permission to bridge the Ohio at Ashland,
Ky.
Another development will be the construction by
tbe B. & O. of its Shelby-Jenkins branch of 100
miles.
The B. & o. has arranged to build a 25-mile
branch line from Harold to Floyd county to parallel
the line of the C. & O.. now practically complete.
The C. & O. has just completed laying 10 miles
of steel on its New Beaver branch, and the remainder
of the work is being* rushed with all possible
haste.
The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co. will build a repair plant at Cairo. 111.,
for the purpose of making repairs to its boats on
the lower Ohio and upper Mississippi rivers.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PLACES ESTIMATE
OF 565,000,000 TONS ON PRODUCTION OF
COAL IN 1913.
A production between 565,000,000 and 575,000,000
short tons of coal in the United States during
1913 is the official estimate of the United States
Geological Survey, an increase over the recordbreaking
production of 1912 of 30,000,000 to 40,-
000,000 tons. These figures are given out by Edward
W. Parker, coal statistician of the Survey,
with the statement that the coal mining industry
in 1913 lacked any spectacular features, the increase,
in other words, being normal and an index
of the general industrial activity of the country.
Of this increase about 4,500,000 tons was in
the production of anthracite and the rest in the
output of the bituminous coal mines.
The most pronounced labor disaffection was in
Colorado, where a general strike was called about
the middle of September, and coal production in
that State during the last quarter of the year was
but little more than 50 per cent, of normal. There
was general complaint, particularly in the eastern
states, of shortage of labor and inability on the
part of the operators to keep their mines working
at full capacity. Coal mining, like all other industries
in the Ohio Valley states, was seriously
interfered with by the floods in that region during
the spring of 1913, and probably from 5,000,-
000 to 10,000,000 tons of coal would have been
added to the year's output but for the great disaster.
The coal production in 1912 was 534,466,580
short tons, and the output in 1913 would probably
have been somewhat in excess of 575,000,000 tons
except for the general shortage of labor in the
larger coal-producing states. This deficient labor
supply was an important factor in enabling operators
to maintain prices, and it prevented an
output in excess of market requirements, which
would have added one more to numerous preceding
years when prices were demoralized by an
excessive supply.
Pennsylvania broke all previous records in the
production of coal in 1913, having a combined production
of hard and soft coal amounting probably
to 267,000,000 short tons.
The Bureau of Anthracite Coal Statistics, of
Philadelphia, reports that shipments of anthracite
in the 11 months ended Nov. 30, amounted to
63,407,010 long tons and shipments during Dec.
approximated 6,000,000 tons, making the total for
the year about 69,407,010 long tons. The total
output during the year is estimated at 79,830,000
long tons, about 940,000 tons short of the record
output—80,771,488 long tons, mined in 1911.
The production of bituminous coal in Pennsylvania
in 1913 showed increases of 10 to 20 per
cent, in various parts of the state, due partly to
THE COAL TRA DE BULLETIN. 29
the fact that the production in 1912 was restricted
to some extent by the partial suspension of
operations on April 1, during the wage-scale negotiations.
Labor conditions in the Kanawha district
of West Virginia had also some influence on
the bituminous trade in Pennsylvania, especially
in the western part of the state. The operators
complain of a shortage of mine labor, chiefly of
niiners, which extends over central Pennsylvania
into the Westmoreland gas-coal field and the Connellsville
coking-coal district. It is also stated
the effect of the shortage in labor supply has
been accentuated by the tendency on the part of
the miners to work fewer days.
The output of coal in Illinois in 1913 is estimated
to have exceeded the production in 1912 of
59,885,226 tons by approximately 7 per cent. The
increased output was due in part to the strike in
Colorado. The diminished gas supply in Kansas
also caused an increased demand for Illinois coal.
Labor conditions were generally less troublesome
than in 1912, although a number of small strikes
occurred during the year, not sufficient, however,
to affect production.
No special features developed in the coal trade
in Indiana. Production was rather in excess of
1912 but about 2,000,000 tons short of the record
output in 1910. In western Kentucky and Michigan
the output was not notably different from
that of the preceding year.
In the Southwestern states the principal features
of interest was the diminishing gas supply
in the Mid-Continent field. During the first seven
months of the year the total output of coal in
Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma
showed an increase of about 11 per cent., according
to reports of the Southwestern Interstate Coal
Operators' Association, but all of that increase
was in Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma, the Missouri
mines showing a slight falling off. An exception
to the generally satisfactory labor conditions
is noted in the reports from Arkansas and
Oklahoma. In Iowa, where there is relatively little
demand for coal by manufacturing interests,
the production of coal in 1913 was little less than
in 1912, and in that state, as in Arkansas and
Oklahoma, complaint is made of very unsatisfactory
labor conditions. Operators complain that
the high cost of labor has increased the cost of
production so much that they are unable to compete
with operators in other states.
Except in Colorado, the production of coal in
the Rocky Mountain states in 1913 showed a
healthy increase.
In New Mexico the production was slightly in
excess of the 3,536,824 tons produced in 1912.
The production in Montana is estimated to have
been about 8 per cent, in excess of the 3,048,495
tons mined in 1912, owing to a greater demand

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
for domestic coal following an influx of settlers
into the state.
The reports from Wyoming indicate satisfactory
and harmonious labor conditions and slightly in­
creased demands for coal for railroad, manufactur­
ing, and domestic use. The trade was also stimulated
by the labor troubles in Colorado.
In Utah the production increased about 5 per
cent, over the 3,016,149 tons moved in 1912, partly
because of normal growth and partly owing to in­
creased demand from California for domestic fuel.
On the Pacific coast coal is now used practical­
ly for household purposes only, and the consumption
of coal in 1913 was about the same as in 1912.
In the San Francisco market the use of fuel oil
for generating steam has displaced that of coal.
The coal trade of San Francisco has been largely
supplied by British Columbia, but on May 1, 1913,
a strike was begun at the British Columbia mines
and all shipments to the San Francisco market
ceased. On account of this strike rail shipments
of coal from Utah, Wyoming and New Mexico were
considerably increased, and some shipments were
made by water from Puget Sound, Australia, and
Japan.
The production in Maryland was not materially
different from that of the preceding year, approximating
5,000,000 short tons, and as the "big vein"
of Maryland is approaching exhaustion in many
of the larger operations, any material increase in
the output of the state is not to be expected.
In Virginia and in West Virginia the output of
coal in 1913 was from 5 to 10 per cent, in excess
of that in 1912. Labor troubles in the Cabin
Creek and Paint Creek districts of the Kanawha
field were settled during the early part of the
year. The supply of labor in West Virginia, as in
Pennsylvania, was not equal to the demand, a
condition which tended to restrict the production
so that at times the railroads were in a position
to handle considerably larger tonnages than the
mines were able to furnish.
In Alabama and Tennessee the production of
coal was from 3 to 5 per cent, greater in 1913 than
in 1912 and was somewhat evenly distributed
throughout the entire year. Market conditions
showed some improvement in 1913 over 1912.
The production of coal in eastern Kentucky
showed a material increase over that of 1912.
The United States Coal Co. recently filed with
the Public Service commission of Ohio, a report
showing that from Sept. 13, 1912, to Sept. 13, 1913,
there had not been a single fatal accident at its
Bradley and Plum Run mines and but 13 employes
had lost one month's employment on account of
injuries sustained in the mines during the same
period of time.
COAL MINE FATALITIES IN OCTOBER.
The reports received by the U. S. Bureau of
Mines from state mine inspectors show that there
were 449 men killed in and about the coal mines
in the United States during October, 1913, as com­
pared with 203 during the same month of 1912.
In making comparisons with 1912, however, it
should be borne in mind that reports for 1913 have
not been received from California, Georgia and
Oregon, states in which there is no inspection ser­
vice. Kentucky is not included in October, as the
operators are allowed 60 days by law to report
accidents to the state inspector.
An explosion on Oct. 22 at Stag Cation mine No.
2, Dawson, N. M., resulted in the death of 263 men.
men.
Fatalities at coal mines during the first 10
months of 1912 and 1913:
2,008 2,292
1912. 1913.
January 252 214
February 213 200
March 360 194
April 81 278
May 150 199
June 170 181
July 193 178
August 211 233
September 175 166
October 203 449
The total fatalities during the first in months
of 1913 were 2,292 as compared with 2,008 for the
same period in 1912, as shown in the accompany­
ing table. Deducting the 54 fatalities that are
charged to the above named states during the first
10 months of 1912, for which there are no com­
parable figures for 1913, the figures become 2,292
fatalities for the first 10 months of 1913 and 1,954
fatalities for the corresponding months of 1912.
The actual gain in fatalities during the first 10
months of the year is 33S. The principal in­
creases in fatalities over the corresponding period
of 1912 were as follows, by causes: Falls of roof,
111; gas and dust explosions, 161; mine cars and
locomotives, 49; suffocation from mine gases, 11;
total, 332. These increases are partly offset by
the following reductions: Falls of face or pillar
coal, 36; shaft accidents, 7; mine fires, 7; surface
machinery, 4; total 54,
What is believed to be an immense lignite coal
field has been discovered in the eastern portion of
Brown county, Tex., and more than 1,000 acres
have been leased by Rice Stewart and G. S. Wil­
son. The field is located midway between Blan­
ket and Zephyr and about equally distant from
the Frisco and Santa Fe railroads.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
P~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~—— ._~_„„„„.„.._-_ ,
| EFFICIENCY THOUGHTS AS TO COAL MINING* i
\ By Harrington Emerson, Efficiency Engineer J
Mathematics is a science. Different businesses
use it in different ways. Chemistry is a science.
Different businesses use it in different ways. Hygiene
is a science. Different people use it in
different ways. Efficiency is a science. It is the
science of realizing standards. Different businesses
have different standards and different men
have different standards for the same business.
We cannot talk of efficiency in coal niining without
first setting up standards. As the special
cases are usually more interesting than abstract
reasonings, I shall give the standards that we
established for a particular coal mine in a particular
locality. I do not claim that these standards
would have applied to any other mine.
As to capital there are four general rules, one
or the other or all of which are frequently violated:
(1) Know what all the facts are. Do not
delude yourself with fancies or guesses.
(2) Do not pay more for any property or improvement
than you can get back out of it, including
six per cent, interest, in eight to 10 years.
Do not pay more than $1,000 for a property that
will not yield a net profit of $150 to $200 a year.
(3) Do not spend $1,000 for an income of $200
until you are sure you have no opportunity to
spend $200 or less to save $1,000.
(4) Do not allow your capital to shrink. Carry
as an operating expense any shrink.
Coal properties as to capital investment come
in the same category as real estate; unless the
property is made productive the
INTEREST AND TAXES
accumulate faster than any possible increase in
value. A lot in New York at the corner of Broadway
and Wall street sold about 10 years ago for
$1,000,000. Even at this price it would not have
been a profitable investment in 1800 at $1,000
unelss it had brought in current revenue. The
great land grants to the railroads would have
swamped them if for the first 20 years taxes had
been levied at $0.10 an acres a year. The taxes
would have amounted to $5,000,000 yearly for the
Northern Pacific alone.
Coal properties and lumber properties have to
be worked. The revenues must come from the
coal mined and the trees felled. It is a very ticklish
business in real estate, in coal lands, in timber
tracts to put the dead certainty of taxes and
interest against the guessed at rise in value.
Therefore, in considering timber tracts and coal
fields I always insist on a separation of land in-
*Paper read at the Winter Meeting of the Coal Mining Institute
of America, at Pittsburgh, Dec. 4.
vestments from operating investments. My
second rule applied to both tract investments and
to operating investments.
The third rule is very often violated because
the first rule about knowing the facts is violated.
Don't invest $5,000 to earn $1,000, if you
can earn $1,000 by investing $200.
It is not what you pay labor, it is the profit it
yields you that counts.
It is a general law applying not only to labor
but also to equipment, and to materials that tlie
best grades are relatively cheaper than poor grades.
You know that this applies to coal.
Mr. Mellen, former president of the New York,
New Haven & Hartford, is quoted recently as saying
that no railroad official
IS WORTH MORE
than $25,000 a year. He said that he would have
worked just as hard for $25,000 as he worked for
$75,000. This may be true. Caruso may sing
just as well at a charity concern as in grand opera
for $5,000 a night. It does not follow that you
could get Caruso for $50 a night. The right president
for the New Haven would have been cheap at
a million dollars a year, if he could not have been
secured for less.
The one efficiency rule as to labor is to determine
what you can afford to pay ancl then put in
your time and your skill and your energy finding
the best man that your permitted pay can buy.
In coal mining you have the scale. You are
prevented from going below a certain amount. I
have never seen a coal mine yet in which money
was spent to best advantage for labor.
This is so tremendously important a subject that
I wish I could dwell on it. Take it from me that
your descendants 100 years from now will have
learned to handle labor in the way you ought to
be able to handle it today. A strike seems to me
not only a preventable thing but a ridiculous, a
stupid thing like the sinking of the Titanic or
the wrecks on the New York. New Haven & Hartford
railroad.
In these two rules: Handle your capital economically;
handle labor economically; I have laid
down the basis for efficient coal mining.
How to handle capital and labor efficiently is
the chief business of the great executive. There
are many principles, not rules or devices, that
will guide him, and without these principles he
cannot succeed. Some great geniuses know the
rules instinctively. The rest of us poor mortals
HAVE TO LEARN THEM.
Some boys learn to swim by themselves, most of

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
us are tatight to swim, but unless we know how to
swim we shall surely drown if we fall overboard
even if we are not 20 feet from shore.
Some of the principles for efficient direction are:
Definite ideals, definite authority and responsibility,
constantly available and used competent
counsel, strict discipline, fair dealing, high and
immediate efficiency reward.
The main principles for efficient supervision is
that every part of material, of equipment, ot
personal work shall be designed, specified, selected,
tested, conserved and inspected with continuous
intelligent care.
The main principles of successful management
are that there shall be balance between the three
great human incentives: Action, appetite, Inspiration.
The main principles of successful operation are:
(1) standardized conditions; (2) standardized
operations: (3) advance planning; (4) standards
and schedules; (5) despatching of all work; (6)
standard practice instructions; (71 records, reliable,
immediate, available, classified and adequate.
A few years ago I was one of a committee which
made the following report on a coal mine in a
receiver's hands:
"If the coal properties are shut down, the annual
loss will be $420,000.
"If they are operated at the standardized cost
per ton of $0,857 and for an output of 3,000,000
tons and the coal is sold at
THE PliJCE REALIZED
last year for coal, $0.S097, the loss will be $141,000.
"The standard cost includes a charge for interest
of $0,067 and for depreciation of $0,058, a total
of $0,123 per ton.
"The standard costs are 14.8 per cent, lower
than 1909-10 corresponding costs, 17.4 per cent.
lower than July and August, 1910, corresponding
costs."
This short report was amplified into the following
findings:
1. The coal lands have been injudiciously acquired.
2. Money has been injudiciously spent in equipping
the plants.
3. Overhead charges for interest, maintenance
and depreciation are therefore high.
4. The present market selling price for coal is
so low as to make profitable coal mining very difficult,
if not impossible, even if the coal lands had
been secured without price, and had been equipped
with rigid reference to economical operation.
5. The present situation would be most effectively
bettered if the market price of coal increased.
6. To shut down the mines and wait for better
prices would entail an annual expense for power,
maintenance, supervision, depreciation and inter­
est of $420,000. This does not include an annual
charge of $104,494 on book value of coal lands not
immediately identified with the plants to be operated.
7. The cost of niining coal if operations are
standardized, will be $0,857 per ton for a daily
output of 12,000 tons, a monthly output of 250,000
tons and a yearly output of 3,000.000 tons.
8. Tbe loss from continued operation will depend
on
PRICE OBTAINED FOR COAL
sold: At $0.66 loss will amount to $561,000; at
$0.70 loss will amount to $420,000; at $0.70 loss
from operations and loss from suspension of operations
will lie equal; at $0.75 loss will amount to
$200,000; at $0.8097, price netted by coal sales in
1909-10, loss from operation will be $141,900; at
$0,857 there is neither loss nor profit from operation;
at $0,921, profit above operation, $192,000;
this is sufficient to pay interest on obligation.
Coal should therefore continue to be mined: At
$0,948, profit from operation $272,000; this pays
lor operation for moneys owed and for present administration
charges.
9. While waiting, hoping and working for better
coal prices, costs of operations are to be standardized:
(a) by revaluing all the lands and equipment,
thus reducing future operating overhead
charges; (b) by putting the management of inside
and outside operations in the hands of a competent
and experienced man of reliable character;
(c) by giving him all the assistance possible from
modern business organization and methods adapted
from other bituminous coal mine operations and
industrial enterprises; (d) by concentrating operation
at that plant, or these plants, where coal can
lie mined most cheaply; (e) by investigating the
advantages, if any. to be derived from coking the
product of these mines: (f) by investigating the
advantages, if any, of establishing a washery at
the mines.
In making its investigations your committee
attempted to determine a standard cost per ton of
mined coal for a standard output, which we assumed
at 3,000,000 tons each year.
The standards adopted for immediate use are:
(1) The present
STANDARD MINING SCALE
for mining labor $0,485; (2) current rates of
wages for a minimum amount of other efficient
working labor $0,175; (3) moneys for supervision.
supplies and other bills, taxes, insurance, etc., an
efficient minimum $0.07; (4) depreciation charges
based on revaluations, on experience, and on the
present ascertained coal reserve tributary to
operating plants $0.06; (51 interest at six per cent.
per annum on reappraised values of coal reserves,
niining buildings, equipment, etc., actually used
for mining operations $0,067.

The company has other expenses not standard
and not directly appertaining to mining operations.
The expenses are: (6) Interest and other
charges on investments at present inoperative
$0,029: (7) excessive interest load, due partly to
investment in elaborate and unn -cessary plants,
partly to deficits accumulated frcm former years,
and partly to otlier causes $0,035; (8) high costs
of administration of the company's business Costs
for 1909:
Operation $77,294
Maintenance 14,156
General expense excluding insurance 37,912
$129,362
Less: Allowance for mining operation. .. . 48,000
$81,362
Cost per ton $0.0271
The output of coal can fluctuate from no tonnage,
if the mines are closed, to a maximum daily
tonnage of 17,000 tons.
If this maximum of 17,000 tons daily could be
attained it would reduce mining costs about as
follows:
Out put per year 4,250,000 tons.
Mining labor $0,455
Other labor 0.15
Operation 0.06
Depreciation 0.06
Interest 0.045
Total $0.77
Table on basis of 3,000,000 tons annually; daily
output 12,000 tons.
Cost per ton.
1. Mining labor $0,485
2. Other labor 0.175
3. Pay roll (1 and 2) $0.66
4. Operations $0.07
5. Depreciation 0.06
6. Interest 0.067
7. Total overhead charge (4, 5, 6) $0,197
8. Total standard cost per ton of coal
(3 and 7) $0,857
The whole practical problem is to attain the
STANDARD COSTS.
and it is this aspect of the situation which underlies
our report.
Because the future is more important than the
past, we have established standard costs for operation
for the next year.
Having set up standards of cost for carrying
output and having established current efficiencies
we are able each month to show the exact losses
due to inefficiencies and their cause.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
We do not say vaguely. You ought to mine for
$0.10 a ton less.
We subdivide the $0.10 above standard into perhaps
50 different items and we point out not only
the amount of, but also the cause of the excess or
unstandardized cost in each.
If you know where and when and why losses
occur it is usually possible to prevent them.
The science of efficiency is applied to any business
in a similar manner.
It is possible to have a very great deal of system
without any efficiency. It is possible to have
very great strenuousness without any efficiency.
ft is possible to have a minimum of system, a
minimum of strenuousness, yet very great efficiency.
ILLINOIS EXAMINING BOARD
ANNOUNCES LIST OF ELIGIBLES.
The Illinois State Mining Board Dec. 19 announced
the following list of successful candidates
in the recent examination:
Mine Examiners—R. W. McCulIough, Mapleton;
John Walters, West Frankfort; John A. White,
Virden; G. W. Fortune, Caseyville; Dallas Eauswell,
Hillsboro; Robert Livingston, Springfield;
David Nelson, Westville; William S. Kreivenas,
Westville.
Hoisting Engineers—Harry B. Williams, Elkville;
Floyd Waters, West Frankfort; Lewis Satterfield,
Pana; John Ambuhl, Cantrall; Allan F.
France, Sparta; George Zellers, New Baden.
Mine Managers, Second Class—H. B. Brush,
Marietta; James Harbaugh, Chesterfield; William
A. Scott, Petersburg; John A. Atkinson, Kewanee;
Peter P. Mutchler, Mapleton; Joe Fussnet, Brimfield;
Roy May, Lewiston; R. W. McCulIough,
Mapleton.
Mine Managers, First Class—Clarence Monteith,
Willisville; Oliver M. Urbain, Du Quoin; John
Stewart, Cherry; James R. Wilson, West Frankfort;
Benjamin Parkinson, Livingston; William
Grant, Pekin; Millard F. Baker, Murphysboro;
Ross Cummins, New Baden.
Mine rescue and first-aid work will be introduced
into the LaSalle, 111., high school as a regular
course. All students of the school will take
a two-weeks' practical course in first-aid work.
and be drilled on rescue methods by members of
the Illinois mine rescue station in that city.
The De Soto Coal Mining & Developing Co., Indio,
Ala., has been placed in bankruptcy, the petitioners
claiming that the company owns over $30,-
000 in debts. R. A. Porter, a Birmingham wholesale
grocer, and A. J. Reilly, of Inland, Ala., a coal
operator, have been named as referees.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
RAILROADS ASKED FOR MORE INFORMA­
TION BY INTERSTATE COMMERCE COM­
MISSION RELATIVE TO PROPOSED IN­
CREASE IN FREIGHT RATES—METHOD
OF MAKING INCREASE IS OUTLINED.
The Interstate Commerce commission which has
been holding hearings relative to the proposal of
the railroads to increase freight rates five per cent.,
and which suspended the proposed advanced rates
until a decision could be arrived at, on Dec. 27
sent to the railroads a new series of questions
relative to the proposed increase. Until these
are answered it is not likely that the commission
will announce its findings.
In the meantime the railroads in response to
former inquiries prepared statements for the information
of the commission showing how the advance
was arrived at. General Coal Freight Agent
R. H. Large of the Pennsylvania railroad prepared
the statement for the roads in Eastern classification
territory and it shows in part:
The instructions received from the executive
committee of the Trunk Line and Central Freight
associations required that a general advance be
made of five per cent., with a minimum of five
cents per ton, the existing differentials to be preserved.
It was determined by the coal traffic officers:
(1) That wherever port or regional differentials
existed, in making the five per cent, advance
such differentials should be preserved.
(2) That fractions of 49/100 of one cent should
be dropped, and where the straight five per cent.
figured 50/100 of one cent, a cent should be added.
(1) Tidewater:
The existing rates on bituminous coal to the
Atlantic seaboard for trans-shipment by water to
coastwise or export destinations from the various
fields of origin hereinafter designated to the several
ports of trans-shipment, which rates have existed
since May 1, 1907, are as follows:
From the Georges Creek and Cumberland, Upper
Potomac, Austen-Newburgh, Meyersdale, Somerset
and Clearfield regions:
To Baltimore, f. o. b. vessels, $1.18 per gross ton.
To Philadelphia, f. o. b. vessels, $1.25 per gross
ton.
To the lower New York harbor ports of South
Amboy, Elizabethport, etc., $1.55 per gross ton.
To the upper New York harbor ports, $1.60 per
gross ton.
From the New River and Pocahontas districts.
to Hamilton Roads, via the Chesapeake & Ohio
railway, Norfolk & Western railway and Virginian
railway, $1.40 per gross ton.
While the basic rate to tidewater is the rate
from the Georges Creek and Cumberland region to
Baltimore, via the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, of
$1.18 per gross ton, it may be said that
THE BASING RATE
is the $1.25 rate to Philadelphia, on which rate the
differentials to the several other ports are based.
As a straight five per cent, advance in the aforesaid
rates would have resulted in an advance of
eight cents in the $1.55 rate to New York harbor,
of seven cents in the $1.40 rate to Hamilton Roads
and of six cents in the $1.25 and $1.18 rates to
Philadelphia and Baltimore, and as it was essential
that the prevailing differentials to the several
ports should be preservyed, it was determined to
advance the tidewater rates based on the average
rate to all ports.
Adding the five before-mentioned rates together
and dividing by five gives an average rate of $1,396
per gross ton, five per cent, of which would be
seven cents per ton, the equivalent of a five per
cent, advance in the $1.40 rate to Hampton Roads.
It was therefore determined to advance the tidewater
rates seven cents per ton. Thus, while the
rate to Hampton Roads would be advanced exactly
five per cent., the rate to New Y'ork harbor less
than five per cent., and the rates to Philadelphia
and Baltimore slightly more than five per cent.,
the port differentials are preserved.
It was further understood that the existing regional
differentials over and above the aforesaid
rates from the Georges Creek and Cumberland,
Austen-Newburgh, Meyersdale, Somerset and Clearfield
regions, and from the New River and Pocahontas
regions, should be preserved. For example,
the rates to Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York
harbor from the Greensburg district are ten cents
per ton above the rates from the Clearfield region;
from the Westmoreland and Fairmont regions, 25
cents above the rates from the Clearfield region.
etc.
Those, as well as all other regional differentials
to tide, were preserved, so that all rates on bituminous
coal to the Atlantic seaboard for transshipment
into vessels for coastwise or export trade
were advanced a straight seven cents per ton—
i. e., an average advance of five per cent, on the
minimum rate to tide, which of course yields materially
less than a five per cent, advance on the
average rate to tide.
(2) All-Rail—New England:
It was further determined, using as the basing
rate the minimum rate (which is the Clearfield-
Somerset rate), to advance the all-rail rates to New
England a straight five per cent., observing the
rule with respect to fractions decided upon, and
that the inland rates from the ports of entry in
New England to the
INTERIOR OF NEW ENGLAND
should be advanced five per cent., with a minimum
of five cents per ton, by the New Y'ork, New Haven
& Hartford Railroad Co., the Boston & Maine Railroad
Co. and others.

(3) All-Rail—Eastern Rates other than New
England:
The all-rail rates to eastern destinations in New
York State, Pennsylvania. New Jersey, Delaware,
Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia,
and into Canada via the so-called St. Lawrence
river gateways, were advanced a straight five per
cent., using as the basing rate the so-called Clearfield-Somerset-Meyersdale
rate, and the regional
differentials over ancl above that rate were preserved
both in the all-rail rates to New England
and in the all-rail rates to the other territory referred
to.
The rates to the Buffalo district were advanced
six cents per ton, that being five per cent, on the
minimum rate, i. e., the rate from the Reynoldsville
district of $1.10, ancl likewise five per cent.
on the maximum rate, i. e., the rate from the Pittsburgh
district of $1.25. This advance of six cents
per ton was likewise made in the proportions of
the through rates to the north side of Lake Erie
in such joint rates as were published into Canada
via Ashtabula and other Lake Erie ports and
across Lake Erie car ferry routes, thus preserving
the existing relations between the all-rail rates via
those routes and the combination of the rates to
and beyond Black Rock.
(1) Cargo Coal Rates:
The existing rates on bituminous coal from the
several fields of origin to Lake Erie ports for transshipment
as cargo up the Great Lakes are as follows:
From the Pittsburgh district $ .78 per net ton.
From the Ohio district 75 per net ton.
From the Fairmont district 90 per net ton.
From the Kanawha and Thacker
districts 97 per net ton.
From the Pocahontas and New
River districts 1.12 per net ton.
As the rates from the Pittsburgh, Ohio, Fairmont,
Kanawha and Thacker districts were less
than $1 per ton, and as the executive officers had
determined that the minimum advance should be
five cents per ton, it was decided to advance all
the rates from the several fields of origin to the
several Lake Erie ports for trans-shipment as cargo
up the Great Lakes a straight five cents per ton,
thus preserving the existing regional differentials.
(2) Lake Rates:
In the all-rail rates to the West, the Pittsburgh
district rate was used as the basing rate. That
rate was advanced five per cent., the regional differentials
from the other districts being preserved.
fn this instance, in the case of the rate to Chicago
and some other western places where the rates
all-rail from the Ohio district are
ON A DIFFERENTIAL
of 25 cents per ton less than the Pittsburgh dis­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
trict rate, the advance may be said to be slightly
more than five per cent.
By reason of the fact (1) that the existing rates
on anthracite coal to the East are already the subject
of bitter attack and that the Interstate Commerce
commission is about to proceed with an exhaustive
examination into the rates, rules, regulations
and practices of the several carriers of anthracite
eoal, and (2) that the small sizes of anthracite
coal must practically all be sold in the
East and are now sold at a loss (that is, at less
than the cost of production) in competition with
bituminous coal, no advance therein was made.
The rates.on anthracite coal to and beyond the
western termini of the Trunk Lines were advanced
a straight five per cent. That is to say, the rate
to Buffalo was advanced five per cent, and the rates
published by the several lines operating westward
therefrom were also advanced five per cent., as
were likewise the all-rail rates to and beyond Pittsburgh,
published by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.
and its connections; the rates to and beyond Salamanca,
published by the Erie Railroad Co. and its
connections, and the rates to and beyond Pittsburgh,
published by the Philadelphia & Reading
Railway Co. in connection with the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad Co., and their connections, and all
other all-rail rates, with the exception that to the
several Mississippi river crossings, to which there
are joint rates established, which rates are based
on certain differentials over and above the Chicago
rate, those differentials were preserved.
It will be observed from the foregoing that in
every instance, with the exception of the rail rates
to Chicago and a few other western places, In so
far as the advances in the bituminous and anthracite
coal rates are concerned, the basing rate on
which the five per cent, advance was made was the
minimum rate. The reason for that was that the
preponderant proportion of the bituminous coal
tonnage moved under those rates, and it was realized
that unless the minimum rate was used as
the basis the carriers would receive a greater return
than five per cent.
In advancing the coke rates we deviated from
this practice In principle, but only to a very slight
degree in result. By reason of the fact that the
preponderant proportion of coke—probably 90 per
cent, or more—consumed throughout the eastern
and middle states is produced in the Connellsville
region, which rate, generally speaking, is the maximum
rate, it was determined but fair to use that
rate as the basing rate, and therefore the rates on
coke from the
CONNELLSVILLE REGION EASTBOUND,
northbound and westbound were advanced five per
cent. This results in a greater advance than five
per cent, in the rates from the Fairmont, Latrobe
and mountain regions eastbound, but as the pro-

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
duction in those fields is exceedingly limited as
compared with the production in the Connellsville
field, the net result is that the advance will be but
slightly more than five per cent.
The sum and substance of the entire matter is
that by reason of using the minimum rate as the
basing rate in every instance in advancing the
coal rates, except in the case before referred to,
the general advance published in the tariffs already
filed will be in the aggregate materially less than
five per cent.
Freight Traffic Manager George H Ingalls of
the Big Four prepared the statement foi- the middle
western roads and in it he says:
In advancing the coal rates westbound, the Pittsburgh-Chicago
rate was taken as the base rate..
and the rates from that district were advanced
five per cent, to all points north of the Ohio-Michigan
line and to all points west of a line drawn
from Toledo to Cincinnati on the C, H. & D. Ry.;
to all points on and east of that line they were
advanced five cents per ton. The rates to Chicago,
Peoria, St. Louis and Cairo were advanced ten
cents per ton, as well as the proportional rates to
the upper Mississippi river crossings and aerosslake—this
to equalize, via those junctions, the
rates made to western points on the Chicago combinations
As the Ohio rates are carried on a differential
under the Pittsburgh rates, the same advance was
made in the rates from the Ohio fields to the territory
outlined above, thus maintaining the regional
differentials.
Rates on coal to the lake for trans-shipment from
tbe Pittsburgh district w-ere advanced five cents
per ton, and, in order to maintain likewise the regional
differentials, the rates from Ohio fields to
lake for trans-shipment were advanced five cents
per ton.
The coal fields in Indiana and Illinois have been
treated as one coal field—any change in rates from
one state necessarily affecting the rates from the
other state. Therefore, it has been the practice
to consider the rates on coal from both states.
There are in existence today practically ten
working districts, with as many rates, and in order
to maintain the present regional differentials, the
RATES HAVE BEEN ADVANCED
uniformly from each district five cents per ton to
Chicago and Chicago rate points.
The rates to northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin,
south of a line on or south of the O, M. &
St. P. Ry., Milwaukee to Madison, via Watertown,
thence via C. & N. W. R. R. to Dodgeville, were
advanced five cents per ton from each district.
NO ADVANCE TO NORTHWEST.
Rates to northern Illinois, southern Wisconsin
and some points in Iowa have been advanced five
cents per ton from each district. The rates to
the north of the above outlined territory have not
been advanced, due to the fact that these markets
are competitive with eastern coal handled via lake,
and no advance having been made in rates from
the head of the lakes to this territory, it was felt
equitable to maintain the present basis of rates.
The rates from Indiana and Illinois to southern
Indiana and Illinois points have been advanced
five cents per ton uniformly from each district.
No advance has been made to points south of the
Ohio river, due to there being no corresponding
advances from competitive fields in Alabama.
An advance of five cents per ton has been made
from Indiana and Illinois points to all central and
northern Indiana points, thus maintaining the regional
differentials.
To Michigan points, the rates from Indiana and
Illinois are based on proportional rates to Chicago
junctions in connection with specifics into Michigan.
The rates from the Danville group to Michigan
territory are the base rates and were increased
five per cent., and an advance of the same amount
per ton made from other Illinois-Indiana districts,
thus maintaining the regional differentials. This
corresponds to the five per cent, advance to this
territory that has been made from eastern coal
fields.
As tariffs from Illinois districts serving St. Louis
markets were filed on April 1, 1913, advancing the
rates on coal 5% cents per ton to East St. Louis,
East St. Louis rate points and St. Louis proper,
and the same having been suspended by the Interstate
Commerce commission and being now in the
course of investigation, no further advance has
been made in those rates. The proposed advance
would maintain the present regional differentials.
As of November 29, the proportional rate on coal
destined to points west of St. Louis were advanced
five cents per ton, uniformly.
Where through rates are made, in combination
with the Iowa distance rates on fine coal, the rates
have been advanced five cents per ton, the same
as the tipper Mississippi river crossings, thus maintaining
the regional differentials.
These statements along with others on file and
the answers to the questions just sent out will be
considered in making up the ruling.
In a ruling made recently the Interstate Commerce
commission ordered the Louisville & Nashville
railroad to make a reduction of 20 cents a
ton in the rate on coal from the Western Kentucky
field to Nashville; the Nashville. Chattanooga
& St. Louis to make a 10-cent reduction from
Tennessee and Alabama mines to Nashville, while
the Illinois Central's $1 rate from the Western
Kentucky district to Nashville was sustained.

KENTUCKY MINING INSTITUTE HOLDS
INTERESTING MID-WINTER SESSION.
The mid-winter meeting of the Kentucky Mining
Institute was held Dec. 8 at the College of Mines
and Metallurgy of State University at Lexington,
Ky., and closed with a smoker at the Phcenix
hotel. The Institute voted to hold the annual
meeting in June in Lexington and to determine at
that time where the next mid-winter meeting shall
be held. Felicitations were exchanged between
the West Virginia Mining Institute which met
Dec. 8 at Charleston, W. Va., and the Kentucky
Institute.
The following resolution was adopted by the Institute
in regard to the Foster mining bills, which
will come up at the present session of Congress:
"Whereas, the problems of mining involve the
safety to life, limb and health of employes, and
"Whereas, the work of mining involves problems
of conservation of mineral resources, and
"Whereas, the solution of these problems largely
depends on a more complete local knowledge supplementary
to the general investigations of the
bureau of mines, and
"Whereas, the greatest local knowledge can be
best disseminated through state mining schools,
state mining institutes and local miners' institutes
in the way of extension work.
"Resolved, that the State Mining Institute of
Kentucky, in its mid-winter meeting, respectfully
petitions the United States senators and representatives
of Kentucky to use their influence to secure
the passage of the Foster mining bill that proposes
to render federal aid to mining schools and
institutes on the same principle that agricultural
colleges and agricultural extension work are nowassisted
locally as well as naturally."
The program was opened with an address of welcome
by President H. S. Barker, who spoke briefly
on the value to the employer of investments in
mine improvements and social, civic and religious
advantages for the employe.
R. D. Quickel, fuel agent of the Cincinnati Southern
railway, read an instructive paper on "The
Clinkering of Mixed Coals Under High Temperature."
"Problems Encountered in Mining Coals in the
Western Coal Fields of Kentucky," was discussed
in a paper by Newell G. Alford, assistant engineer
of the St. Bernard Mining Co., Earlington, Ky.
The most important problems in the Western Kentucky
field discussed in this paper were dealt with
in the following order: Robbing pillars, air passing
through old works, ignition of No. 11 coal in
old workings, prevention and oxidation, coal dust,
shooting off the solid, fatalities, roof, wastes.
"The Use of Gasoline Motors in Coal Mines," a
paper written by W. C. Whitcomb, general man­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
ager of the George D. Whitcomb Co., Rochelle, Ills,,
was read by Prof. C. J. Norwood.
A paper on "The Oil Fields of Northeastern Kentucky,"
which was written by Dr. S. R. Collier, of
West Liberty, Ky., was read by Tom Robinson,
a senior in the department of mining engineering.
"Safeguards in the Use of Electricity in Mines"
was the subject of an interesting paper by Prof.
XV. E. Freeman, of State University.
Otto A. Rothbert, of Louisville, gave an interesting
paper on "The Bearing of Coal Mining on
Local History," beginning with the use of wood
as a fuel prior to the discovery that coal would
burn and continuing down thiough the development
of one of the most useful and valuable minerals
known.
The program of the afternoon was closed with
an illustrated lecture on "The Old and the New
Way" of mining by Prof. E. R. Wilson. Sixty
interesting slides were shown by Mr, Wilson, who
kindly consented to give his talk, although he was
not on the program and it was greatly enjoyed and
appreciated by the members of the Institute.
At the conclusion of the program a short business
session was held in which a committee on
amendments to the constitution was proposed and
it was decided to hold the next meeting in June
in Lexington. The matter of holding the next
mid-winter meeting at some place other than Lexington
was taken up and the desire was expressed
by several of the members that the mid-winter
meeting should be held at some mining town where
the members would have an opportunity to visit
other mines. Other members thought the change
would be beneficial in that it would reach a greater
number. The matter will be acted upon in June.
The following members were piesent: E. Dissinger,
G. C. Rogers, F. M. Powell. Ivan P. Tashof,
H. J. Jakobe, E. R. Hutchcraft. H. D. Saston, Hywell
Davies, H. L. Noel, William C. Eyl, R. D.
Quickel, Thomas Robinson, J. C. Bosworth, J. W.
Atkins, T. J. Barr, C. J. Norwood, Kenneth U.
Meguire, Louisville; H. S. Sizemore, Earlington:
R. H. Barry, Chicago; W. A. Miller, Cincinnati;
G. T. Sears, Central City; R. T. Hamilton, Mansfield;
XV. J. Von Borries, Louisville; H. C. Johnson,
Wilton; H. C. Thompson, Winchester; E. B
Wilson. Scranton, Pa.; G. M. Tillett, Jenkins; M.
M. Bardwell, Beaver Dam; I. B. Abbot. J. E. Reed,
Jenkins; A. Trost, Wilton; O. I. Neild, Wilton:
S. M. Casterbus, Fairmont, W. Va.; R. Wippler,
Earlington; N. G. Alford, Phcenix; R, D. Clere,
Ashland; W. M. Cox, West Liberty; C. M. Simpson,
Cincinnati; J. B. Allan, Hazard; E. B. Fox,
Louisville; 0. M. Smith, Covington: F. S. Wash,
Midway; W. W. Affleck, Cincinnati; XV. S. Hutchinson,
Knoxville; C. A. Beatty, Springfield; 0. W.
McC. Johnson, Bell Jellieon; W. F. Hanly, Mays-

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ville; O. A. Rothert, Louisville; A. M. Peter, Lexington;
D. C. Schonthal, Huntington; E. Drennan,
Jenkins; F. D. Rash, Earlington; H. S. Barker,
Lexington; F. D. Wood, Pineville; P. V. Cole,
Barbourville; W. C. Tucker, Benham; R. Dawson,
Hall; W. L. Moss, Pineville.
BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD IS TEST­
ING COKE BREEZE IN AUTOMATIC
STOKERS ON ENGINES OF CONNELLS­
VILLE DIVISION.
Tests of great importance to the coke industry
are now being made by the Baltimore & Ohio railroad
which, if successful, will result in the utilization
of waste material. The officials of the
Connellsville division of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad
are conducting the first of a series of experiments
with coke breeze in the automatic stokers.
The first test, it is said, was a decided success,
although it will take some weeks to determine
whether coke breeze can be used to supplant coal
for fuel purposes, says the Connellsville Courier.
The utilization of coke breeze has long been one
of the most important problems facing the coke
manufacturers, but as yet no practical commercial
use has been made of it. Coke breeze is the
ashes and fine coke which cannot be used for
smelting purposes. Thousands of tons of it go
to waste annually.
During the tests of automatic stokers on the
Connellsville division of the Baltimore & Ohio
it was suggested that coke breeze might prove
more satisfactory than coal. A test was ordered
and it is now being conducted under the direction
of Road Foreman of Engines T. E. Miller. The
first locomotive using coke breeze for fuel was
sent out with Engineer J. M. Stimmel at the throttle.
No official report of the run has yet been
made but it was learned that the breeze proved
splendid fuel, working nicely in the automatic
stoking device and kept a good head of steam at
all times. One of the trainmen is said to have
declared that the coke breeze had better steaming
qaulities than the coal that is being used.
Engineer Stimmel first suggested the use of
coke breeze for fuel and prevailed upon the officials
to experiment with it. The test was made between
Connellsville and Smithfield. Usually a
locomotive consumed 11% tons of coal in that
distance. The locomotive used for the first test
was given two tons of coal, while a car of coke
breeze was attached to the rear of the tender.
Several Baltimore & Ohio officials from Baltimore
made the trip as far as Uniontown. Finding
that the coke breeze was steaming satisfactorily,
they left the train and went back to Connellsville.
The coke breeze, it is stated, is neither too
coarse nor too fine for use in the automatic stokers.
Later a locomotive on the main line was being
run with coke breeze as fuel. Further tests will
be made and a thorough investigation will be made
to determine whether the new fuel can be used to
supplant coal.
The coke breeze can be secured cheaper than
coal. It is a by-product of the coking industry
that is now without a commercial value, and at
every coke plant in the region tons of it go to
waste every day. This could be loaded and delivered
to the railroads at small cost and provide
a neat source of revenue for the coke operators.
Various uses have been suggested for coke
breeze, but as yet none of them has proved satisfactory,
from a commercial standpoint, and the
operators have not been justified in conserving tlie
waste. The outcome of the Baltimore & Ohio's
test is watched with interest, because if it proves
successful in supplanting coal where automatic
stokers are used, steady business for the coke
plants is assured in handling a waste product.
IDLE CARS SHOW INCREASE
AT OPENING OF THE MONTH.
The report of the American Railway association
issued Dec. 8, giving the car surplussages and
shortages, shows:
Surplussages:
Dec. 1, 1913 67,466
Nov. 15, 1913 46,059
Nov. 30, 1912 26,135
Shortages:
Dec. 1, 1913 10,212
Nov. 15, 1913 23,407
Nov. 30, 1912 62,536
These figures show a net surplus of 57,254 cars
as compared with 22,642 on Nov. 15, and a shortage
of 36,401 cars Nov. 30, 1912.
State Mine Inspector Jenkin T. Reese has asked
the Lackawanna county, Pa., court to grant an
injunction against the Peoples' Coal Co. of Scranton,
Pa., restraining the company from continuing
operations in the Oxlord mine. A suit in equity
was begun on behalf of the state and is based on
affidavits setting out that the mining in the Four-
Foot vein is unsafe and endangers the lives of 65
mineis employed in the workings in West Scranton.
A petition in involuntary bankruptcy was recently
filed against the Oak Leaf Coal Co.. of
Cordova, Ala. The petitioning creditors were:
The Hendon Hardware Co., J. A. Williams, Lantrip
Bros., and J. P. Higginbottom, all of Cordova.

MINING IN ALASKA IN 1913.
The annual report on the mineral resources and
production in Alaska for 1913 is now in prepara­
tion under the direction of Alfred H. Brooks,
of the United States geological survey. Some of
the important features of this report relating to
mining development during the years are ab­
stracted in the following statement.
It is estimated that the total value of the mineral
output of Alaska in 1913 is $18,900,out), com­
pared with $22,537,831 for 1912. The value of
the gold output is estimated at $15,450,000; that
of 1912 was $17,145,951. There was also very
marked decrease in copper production, that of
1913 being estimated to have been 19.700,000
pounds, valued at about $3,014,000, while that of
1912 was 29,230,491 pounds, valued at $4,823,031.
As the Alaska silver output is largely a by­
product of gold and copper mining, this also
showed a decrease in value from $316,839 in 1912
to about $220,000 in 1913. Other minerals, includ­
ing marble, gypsum, tin, etc., are estimated to
have been produced to the value of about $220,000
in 1913, or about the same as the value of the
production in 1912.
There was no railway construction in Alaska
during 1913. Of the 466 miles of track previously
built only about 260 miles were operated in 1913.
This is largely due to the high cost of fuel and
to the tax of $100 a mile on all operating lines.
These conditions have tended to discourage the
railways, especially those which are but par­
tially completed. In 1913 the White Pass &
Yukon, the Copper River & Northwestern, and
the Tanana Valley railroads are the only lines
which have been continuously operated.
Some excitement was caused by the discovery
of a feasible railway route from Portage or
Passage Bay. on the west side of Prince William
Sound, to Turnagain Arm. Here a route was
found which, by use of a tunnel about two miles
in length, will avoid the glaciers and yield low-
grades for both in and outbound traffic. The
distance from tidewater on Prince William
Sound to tidewater on Turnagain Arm is about
twelve miles, and the proposed line will join the
Alaska Northern railroad at about mile 63. Official
information regarding the availability of
Portage Bay as a terminal is still lacking, but
private advices are favorable. By use of this
route the distance from tidewater to the Mata­
nuska coal field is reduced to about 136 miles,
with only one adverse grade and that a low one.
The information at hand indicates that this route
is certainly worthy of careful consideration.
The coal situation in Alaska remained the
same as in previous years. Alaskans are still
using British Columbia coal and California oil as
fuel and that at heavy cost. A mine was oper­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
ated at Port Graham, producing lignitic coal for
local use. A little lignite was also mined at
several other places, to the advantage of local
communities.
The 800 tons of coal mined in the Bering river
field in 1912 was recently tested by the Navy de­
partment, but the report on this test has not yet
been made public. In co-operation with the U. S.
Bureau of Mines, some 900 tons of coal were
mined by the Navy department at Chickaloon, in
the Matanuska field. This will be sledded to the
coast during the winter and given a similar test
to that from the Bering river field.
The Katalla oil field continues to be the only
scene of any development of the petroleum indus­
try in Alaska. Here another well was drilled in
1913 to a depth of about 800 feet. This and some
of the old wells furnished by pumping, petroleum
for a small refinery. The gasoline, which is of
a high grade, finds a ready market at the settle­
ments on Prince William Sound and Cook Inlet.
The Wharf coal mine at Port Graham, in the
Kenia peninsula district, was imt on a shipping
basis during 1913. This property, which yields
a good grade of lignite, holds the unique position
of being the only regularly operated mine in all
the great coal fields of Alaska. The coal is sold
on Cook Inlet, and some has been shipped to
Seward.
RULING IS MADE ON ANTHRACITE
TAX EXEMPTIONS.
Anthracite coal niining comiianies have been
declared not liable to the state tax on hard coal
that is used in the operation of their collieries and
their offices, but if the coal is used for operating
electric or heating plants for the sale of current
or steam to the public they must pay the state
tax on such coal. Coal that is taken from rivers
also is subject to the state tax.
These are the first rulings in the anthracite coal
tax collection under the act of 1913 and were an­
nounced Dec. 24, by Auditor General A. W. Powell,
whose department is charged with the collection
of the tax of 2 1 ,_ per cent, ad valorem on all an­
thracite coal prepared for market. The depart­
ment has been issuing blanks for the reports of
coal operators who are required by law to report
their output under oath. Half the tax goes to
the municipal division where the coal is mined.
Numerous questions have been raised and these
decisions are the first given out.
The department made a sharp distinction in the
classification of the coal used. A number of col­
leries operate large electric plants at their works,
the fuel being supplied by the mine and what
current is not needed to light and heat mines,
buildings and offices or to run fans and other ma-

chinery is sold to surrounding districts. A tremendous
business is being built up for this extra
current and the department will require the fuel
necessary for furnishing power, light or beat for
mine purposes strictly to be calculated and collect
tax on the rest. The blanks to be issued will
set forth how the calculation is to be made and
the operators be allowed an exemption.
The ruling on coal taken from a river bed by
dredges has arisen in several counties which border
on the Schuylkill and Susquehanna where
large quantities of coal washed down by floods
are pumped from the river bottom and sold for
steaming coal. The department holds that such
coal is taxable when prepared for market. However
there is a chance that a further question
may arise as the coal is often washed down after
being mined and duly weighed before being
dumped at the colliery.
EXPERIMENTAL MINE TO FORM PART
OF NEW BUREAU 0? MINES STATION.
A rescue training school for miners is to be
a part of the new Bureau of Mines plant the
Government will erect in Pittsburgh. Mine
workers will be sent here from all parts of the
country by the companies employing them and
educated in the latest safety and rescue methods,
after which they will go back to their homes and
teach their fellow workmen what they have
learned.
A prominent feature of the school is to be a
real mine, which will be opened on the Magee
site. Of course it may strike no coal, but in
every other way it will be just like those in
which the miners are accustomed to work and
fully equipped with cages and ventilating system.
Enough drifts and galleries will be constructed
that it will extend several hundred feet. It will
be filled with poisonous gases from the smokestack
of the power house so that when the miner
students enter it they will be working under exactly
the same conditions as in a gaseous mine.
The danger will be real, for if one of them should
remove his air helmet it would probably result
in his suffocation. That is the reason for the
mine. To get the men accustomed to working
under dangerous conditions, so that when necessity
arises their nerve will not fail them.
The idea ot the mine came from W. R. Calverly,
one of the three commissioners appointed
to supervise the expenditure of the $25,000 the
last legislature appropriated for state co-operation
with the Federal Bureau of Mines. Mr. Calverly,
formerly of Windber, Pa., where he was
manager of the Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.,
has moved to Pittsburgh and is in almost daily
communication with the local officials of the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Bureau of Mines. He inspected the experimental
mine conducted by Birmingham university, while
in England some years ago, and was much impressed
by it.
The $500,000 which Congress appropriated recently
for the erection of the new Bureau of
Mines buildings cannot become available until
approved preliminary plans are submitted. As
the supervising architect in Washington is three
years in arrears with his work it looked as if
the bureau would have to wait that long before
any start could be made on the construction.
Then it was proposed that part of the Pennsylvania
appropriation of $25,000 be used on preliminary
plans.
Mr. Calverly was so desirous of seeing a training
mine in this country that he gave his consent
to the spending of the state money for plans
conditional upon the inclusion of the mine in the
plant. This the Federal officials were glad to accede
to, realizing the benefit to be derived from
it, and Henry Hornbostel, a Pittsburgh architect,
has been commissioned to draw the plans.
"Mine rescue work is serious business," said
Mr. Calverly recently. "Hundreds of lives and
millions of dollars' worth of property often depend
upon proper preparation for it. Men need
practical training. To enter a gaseous mine after
an explosion is a terrifying thing, even with
modern air helmets and other equipment, and a
good many men lose their nerve. That is because
they have never been in the midst of dangerous
gas before. The first time they go in,
many of them are too scared to do any good. We
propose to put them through that stage in the
school mine, where they will get used to relying
on the helmets for the air. The place will be
filled so full of smoke and other gases that they
will have to, but still any breaks they may make
will not result in disaster."
Judge W. H. Ruppel of Somerset county, Pa., has
appointed Mine Inspector F. XX. Cunningham, of
Somerset, Supt. Richard Maize, of the Merchants'
Coal Co., Boswell, and Orville Kreger, of Bosw-ell,
an examining board to hold examinations for mine
foreman, assistant mine foreman, and fire bosses in
Somerset county. The date of the examinations
will be announced later.
Mr. Lucien Hill, manager of eastern sales of
tbe United Coal Co., who has been located in Baltimore,
will in the future make his headquarters
at 17 Battery place, New York City.
Mr. James H. Allport has resigned his position
as president of the Clinchfield Coal Corporation,
imt retains bis membership on the board of directors.

COLORADO STRIKE PRACTICALLY OVER
AND MINES ARE OPERATING ALMOST
FULL TIME.
The strike of the miners in the Southern Colorado
coal fields practically is over and mines are
operating almost 011 full time.
The Denver Chamber of Commerce and other
business men's organizations have endorsed the
action of Gov. Amnions in bis sending troops into
the mine district to preserve peace.
The convention of the State Federation of labor,
called to consider the question of a state-wide
strike, adopted resolutions condemnatory of Gov.
Amnions, but failed to call the proposed strike.
The delegates to the convention made demands
that Gov. Amnions dismiss officers of the guard,
release prisoners and abolish the military commission,
under threats of a recall petition being
circulated against him, but their demands were
refused.
The only decisive action taken during the fortnight
was that of the Las Animas county court,
who, on Dec. 20, ordered the grand jury to investigate
the strike. One military prisoner was turned
over to this court by the commanding officer of
the troops.
During the fortnight there was some firing between
troops and strikers who sought to trespass
on coal properties.
The operators announced Dec. 26 they had sufficient
men to man their mines fully and had ceased
bringing any more miners to the state. They
issued a statement outlining their position and
in it the men still on strike were told they would
not be given work after this date unless they returned
to the mines by this time.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN SHIPMENTS.
Coal and coke shipments over the Norfolk &
Western railway during the month of November,
1913, were:
Total Coal. Coke.
Pocahontas 1,191,654 93.03S
Tug River 207,976
Thacker 260,905
Kenova 91,447
Totals 1,751,982 93,OSS
Merger of the Rocky Ridge railroad and tbe
Shade Gap railroad into the East Broad Top Railroad
& Coal Co. has been approved by the shareholders
of the three companies without a dissenting
vote. The Rocky Ridge and Shade Gap railroads
are virtual branches of the East Broad Top
road, and the merger was made to simplify operation
and the keeping of accounts.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 11
THE CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA OPERATORS
NOTIFY MINE WORKERS CONTRACTS
MUST BE LIVED UP TO.
Operating companies affiliated witli the Central
Pennsylvania Coal Operators' association, because
of 100 strikes occurring in the Central Pennsylvania
field during the year, in violation of the
wage scale, Dec. 12 sent the following letter to
the United Mine Workers' distiict officials and
fixed a limit of 10 days for a reply:
The Association of Bituminous Coal Operators
of Central Pennsylvania,
301 Betz Building,
Philadelphia, Dec. 12, 1913.
.Mr. Patrick Gilday, President,
Dist. No. 2 United Mine Workers of America,
Morrisdale Mines, Penn.
Dear Sir:—The Executive Board of the Association
of Bituminous Coal Operators of Central Pennsylvania
held a meeting here today, approved and
directed that the following communication be forwarded
to you at once:
Whereas, the Association of Bituminous Coal
Operators of Central Pennsylvania, hereinafter
called the Operators, entered into an agreement
bearing date April 20, 1912, with the United Mine
Workers of America of District No. 2, hereinafter
called the Mine Workers, for the purpose of governing
their relations as to wages, general rules
and regulations for the period of two years expiring
March 31, 1914, and
Whereas, this agreement was consummated and
entered into by the Operators on the expressed assurance
that this contract would be faithfully kept
and performed by the Mine Workers, and that the
officials of your organization guaranteed the full
performance of this contract on the part of the
Mine Workers, and
Whereas. Rules 12 and 13 of said agreement
provide, "Should differences arise between the
Operators and Mine Workers as to the meaning
of the provisions of this agreement, or about matters
not specifically mentioned in the agreement,
there shall be no suspension of work on account of
such differences, but an earnest effort be made to
settle such differences immediately. First, through
the management of the mine and the mine committee;
second the first method failing, the matter
shall be referred to the Operators' commissioner
and the Mine Workers' commissioner" and
in the event of a failure of such commissioners to
reach an agreement, then to be referred to a permanent
Board of Arbitration whose decision shall
be final, nevertheless the year 1913 has resulted
in an absolute disregard of these covenants on the
part of the Mine Workers, and
Whereas, notwitstanding the fact that Rule No.
15 provides, "the right to hire and discharge, the

12 THE COAL TRADE Bl'LLETIX.
management of the mine, and the direction of the
working forces are vested exclusively in the opera­
tor, and the United Mine Workers of America shall
not abridge that right," the Mine Workers have
absolutely disregarded this rule in that they have
at numerous times served notices on substantially
every operator belonging to our association, that
unless all of the employes working for such opera­
tor should become members of the union on or liefore
certain dates mentioned in said notices that
they, the Mine Workers, would close or shut down
the Operators' respective mines, and in many in­
stances did close the mines for this reason, and
refused to return to* work unless such non-union
employes were discharged. This conduct is in
direct violation of your contract and specifically
interferes with and abridges the right of the Opera­
tor to hire and discharge, of the management of
the mine and of the direction of the working
forces; this conduct and violation of contract on
part of the Mine Workers, as well as that mentioned
in the preceding paragraph, has resulted
in more than 100 strikes during the life of our
scale agreement, and
Whereas, these violations of contract have be­
come so notoriously defiant and continued that the
membership of this association have frequentlj and
determinedly notified its executive board, that un­
less this conduct ceased at once, they would with­
draw from this association on the ground that it
was useless to contract with a body that absolutely
refused to carry out their contract and with no
person sufficiently in control of the Mine Workers
to enforce the performance of the same, lie it there­
for.
Resolved, that the Operators inter a vigorous pro­
test against the line of conduct hereinbefore mentioned,
and demand of Patrick Gilday, president,
and the executive board of the Mine Workers of
this district, an immediate cessation of the conduct
hereinbefore recited, and that they strictly enforce
on the part of the Mine Workers their covenants
contained in said contract, and in event of the
failure to cease such conduct within tlie next ten
days, that the president and secretary oi the
Operators' Association shall call a special meeting
of the members thereof for the purpose of consid­
ering the final dissolution of its association on the
specific ground that it is useless to enter into contract
obligations with a body that steadfastly re­
fuses to fulfill the same and which no official apparently
has power to enforce.
Yours truly,
W. R. ROBERTS, Secretary.
The mine of the Providence Coal & Coke Co.,
Kelly Station. Pa., is Iieing electrified, the West
Penn Power Co. furnishing the current.
"Room Hoists" is the title of a catalogue just
issued by the Pneumeleetric Machine Co., Syracuse,
N. Y. The room hoist is made with one or two
drums, and has been designed and constructed
that the demand upon men, live stock and gather­
ing locomotives might lie reduced to a minimum.
The service for which it is provided is such that
it finds a place in almost every mine, as well as
at various locations on the surface. It is indis­
pensable where the practice exists of having the
cars pushed in and out of the rooms by men, as
it is applied to this class of work to great advan­
tage, relieving the men of the very laborious and
objectionable work. It finds ready application
where mules or horses have been used in handling
cats in and out of rooms, as it eliminates the neces­
sity tor a rapidly depreciating and hazardous in­
vestment. It provides a substitute for gathering
locomotives where they have been used for room
work and represents a smaller investment, as well
as a very efficient means for performing work, as
it is always ready when the cars are to be handled
and is operated by the men who do the loading.
"Story of the Imperial'' is the title of a 9x12
booklet just issued by the Ingei'soll-Rand Co., 11
Broadway, New York City. Novel ancl exceed­
ingly attractive in design, it features, in brief and
simplified form, the superior points of design and
construction maintained in the Imperial line of
air compressors. Page for page it carries the
reader through the various stages of construction,
giving" a very concise and elaborate idea as to just
bow the machines are built. Every user or con­
templated user of compressors should not be without
a copy of this booklet.
The I'nion Supply Co. had its annual Christinas
treats at its 63 stores, scattered throughout West­
moreland, Fayette and Allegheny counties. Pa. On
the* list of gilts for the children of Frick company
employes were 21 tons of candies and 11 tons of
nuts. Tbe distribution was made at each store
Christmas morning.
Exports of coal from Germany during the first
lu months of 1913 amounted to 28,671,000 cons,
an increase of 2,947,000 tons over the same period
of 1912, The gain is due to the very aggressive
campaign which the German coal producers have
been making to build up their export trade.
The Nicola Building Co., of Pittsburgh, has been
awarded the contract for all the buildings of the
Consolidation Coal Co. in the Beaver creek field
of Kentucky, and work is now under way at Wayland,
Weeksburg and Allen.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
\ SAFEGUARDS IN THE USE OF ELECTRICITY IN MINES* )
E By W. E. Freeman. Professor of Electrical Engineering, E
State University of Kentucky )
Almost as soon as it was realized that electrical
machines could be employed as motors, electricity
was brought into use as a motive power in mining.
The special conditions of mining work render it
necessary that the various kinds of plant used,
such as winders, pumps, fans, washing and screening
plants, haulages, hoists, drills, etc., should be
situated in places much farther apart than is
usual in most other industries, and methods have,
therefore, had to be devised of transmitting to
considerable distances, the power required. By
means of electricity, power can be transmitted to
practically any distance without excessive loss or
excessive cost, provided a suitable voltage is used.
In this respect, electricity is free from many disadvantages
associated with the transmission of
power by means of steam, compressed air or water.
Electricity also possesses the great advantage that
electric motors are highly efficient, very simple and
thoroughly reliable and that they take up but little
space. Also, they are more adaptable than any
other form of motor in that they can be built into
or bolted to the machine that is being driven and
that the insulated conductors supplying the electricity
are quite flexible and easily arranged. It
does not seem necessary to go further into details
in order to convince anyone acquainted with the
facts that electricity, as a means of transmitting
power for mining work, is vastly superior to every
other method that has been employed up to the
present time.
The principal objection that has all along been
raised against the use of electricity, is the fact that
it introduces a
SOURCE OF DANGER
to the workmen about the mines. This is, without
doubt, true and always should be borne in
mind when an electrical installation is made.
However, it is also true that possibly only about
one to one and one-half per cent, of the fatal accidents
connected with mining work can be attributed
to electricity, yet it is my firm belief that
even this small percentage could be very materially
reduced if proper precautions were taken in all
cases.
In order that it may be realized that precautions
are necessary, it may be stated that in the
year 1912, the reports from the various mines in
Kentucky, show that there were six deaths and
four non-fatal accidents due to electricity, and in
the year 1913, there have been reported up to the
*Paper read before the Kentucky Mining Institute, Lexington.
Ky.. December 8. 191J.
present time, three deaths and 14 non-fatal accidents.
Bad or unsatisfactory material and bad work
in the installation and maintenance of the electrical
plant, has been the direct cause of the great
majority of accidents due to electricity. In the
reports of the accidents from the Kentucky mines,
we find such statements as these:
"Head struck a trolley wire."
"Fell against a live wire."
"Head touched a live wire."
"A bad place in the cable came in contact with
the track."
"Came in contact with a live wire."
Of the nine fatal accidents reported in 1912 and
up to the present time in 1913, all were due to the
victims coming in contact with a trolley or other
uninsulated live wire. Judging solely from the
manner in which the
ACCIDENTS HAVE I1EEN REPORTED,
it seems evident that there would have been no
deaths from electrical causes in the mines of Kentucky
during the last two years, if the electrical
systems in the mines in which these accidents
occurred had been properly installed and maintained.
Not only in the Kentucky mines but in
those of other communities, do we find that electrical
accidents in the majority of cases can be
traced to improper installation or maintenance.
In the use of electricity for any purpose and
especially in mines, there are three cardinal points
or general principles that always should be observed:
First: The electrical plant always should be
treated as a source of potential danger.
Second: An electrical plant should be of thoroughly
good quality and so designed as to insure
immunity from danger by shock or fire, and periodical
tests should be made to show that such a state
of efficiency is maintained.
Third: The entire electrical installation should
be under the charge of competent and skilled men.
The advisability of adhering to these principles,
I am sure, is evident to all who are in any way
acquainted with the facts, yet these three cardinal
points are without doubt, honored in the breach
rather than in the observance in a large number
of cases.
I will now pass from generalities to more specific
details regarding some of the things that
should be given special attention in order to minimize
the possibility of accidents. A quite prevalent
and equally

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ERRONEOUS IDEA
in the minds of a great many people, is that
shocks produced by low voltage systems are harmless.
In some mines, high voltage wires are
labeled with a plate showing a lightning stroke
or skull and cross-bones, thereby scaring all who
come in close proximity to the line into giving it
the proper respect, while low voltage lines are not
marked in any way, are installed in a manner
ancl handled with a familiarity that breeds contempt
and accordingly the idea is generated in the
minds of those who come near to such circuits
that they are perfectly harmless. This idea of
the harmlessness of a low voltage system, is in
direct disregard of one of the fundamental laws
of electricity; namely, that the electrical current
which flows through any conductor, while directly
proportional to the voltage, is also inversely proportional
to the resistance. In other words, a low
resistance means a heavy current to just the same
extent as a high voltage means a heavy current
and it is the current that counts. It is the passage
of the electrical current that causes the electric
lamp to give forth light; it is the passage of
the current that causes a motor to drive its load;
it is the current that causes the blinding flash
when a short circuit occurs, which flash will in
jure a person who is near enough to it, and it is
the passage of the current through the body, and
nothing else, that kills. Some bodies have less
lesistance than others; hence, a low voltage will
kill some people or injure them, while it will produce
nothing more than an unpleasant sensation to
others.
Furthermore, the resistance which is offered to
the passage of an electric current
THROUGH THE HUMAN RODY
depends very greatly upon the manner in which
the contact is made between the body and the
terminals of the circuit. The larger the area
of the contact, the less the resistance and consequently
the greater the current and the more severe
will be the resulting shock. For example,
a contact made thiough the lamp on a miner's
cap which may come in contact with a trolley
wire, offers very little resistance to the passage
of the current. The soles of a man's shoes if
they contain nails, especially if they are damp,
will make very good contact with the ground.
Moisture on the skin at the point of contact has a
very great influence on the resistance of the contact.
A person might touch the terminals of an
electric circuit with his dry hand, particularly if
the skin is fairly thick, and feel no sensation whatever,
while if the skin should he moist he would
reecive a severe shock.
I do not mean to say that a low voltage system
is as dangerous as a high voltage one but wish
to impress the fact that low voltage systems should
be insulated and protected from accidental contact
with any part of a person's body who may
be passing or working in the neighborhood of the
circuit. The voltage on the systems where several
of the fatal accidents occurred in the mines
of Kentucky during the last two years, was 250
volts. It is, without doubt, true that many contacts
are made with systems of this and higher
voltages without injury, but when the conditions
are right, 250 and even 110 volts will produce
death. It is, therefore, important to insulate and
guard low voltage as well as
HIGH \OLTAGE LINES.
In fact, a bare electrical wire that is not effectually
guarded so that it is impossible for a person
to come in accidental contact with it, should not
be allowed inside of a mine. Trolley wires must
of necessity, be bare but they can be protected
from accidental contact by placing a board on each
side that extends well below the wire, the two
boards being not over three or four inches apart.
Even in the case of insulated wires, if they are
subject to mechanical injury or accidental contact
with a person's body, they should be boxed in or
protected in some way so that the insulation will
not be damaged and so that a person will not come
in contact with them. The principle that a wire,
no matter how well insulated should be treated as
bare, is one of the cardinal points in the rules of
the National Board of Fire Underwriters, covering
all installations over which their inspectors
have supervision and there is every reason for its
observance in mining installations as the danger
in this case is to human life rather than damage
to property by fire.
Armored cable is about the best conductor for
use inside of a mine. It is true that armored
cable is somewhat expensive but some extra expense
in first cost will result in a more satisfactory
system so far as operation and freedom from
accidents concerned. The armor of the cable
should be effectually grounded at frequent intervals
so that if due to any cause, however remote,
the conductor should come in contact with the
armor, a person standing on the ground and
touching the cable will not receive a shock.
Iron pipe is not a satisfactory protection for
wires in a mine as it
IS PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE
to prevent the collection of moisture on the inside
of the pipe which wil] cause the pipe to rust and
will damage the insulation on the wire. The
eventual result will be contact between the conductor
and the pipe. Furthermore, as pipe is not
flexible any movement of the ground will likely
cause serious damage to the system.
Weatherproof insulated wire is very good for

underground transmission as well as overhead
transmission above ground. This insulation resists
the action of water and moisture very well
and will last a long time. It is much better than
rubber insulation for this purposes, inasmuch as
rubber loses its insulating qualities very rapidly
in the presence of moisture, especially if the moisture
contains acid.
When there is considerable acid in the water and
moisture of a mine, some acid proof insulation
should be used on the wires. Nearly all manufacturers
of electrical conductors ean furnish a
wire of this character.
The conductors, however they may be insulated,
should be run on porcelain supports and whenever
there is any liability of their being subject
to mechanical injury or of their coming in contact
with some person's body, they should be
boxed in or protec ted in some other effective way.
The frames of all electrical machines that are
ordinarily used inside of a mine, should be
grounded. The electrical circuits of the machine
may, under some circumstances due to wear
and tear or to some accident, come in contact with
the frame, in which case a person touching the
frame and the ground at the same time, would receive
as
SEVERE A SHOCK
as if he should touch one of the machine terminals
and the ground. Grounds should be made
thoroughly effective. A good ground can be made
by means of a copper plate, three or four feet in
area, buried in a damp place with two feet of
crushed coke above and below it. If the ground
becomes dry in the neighborhood of the plate, it
should be frequently and thoroughly watered.
There is another point that should be given attention;
it is the danger of starting a fire due to
sparks or flashes from the electrical apparatus.
When electric motors are ,ised in any locality
where there is any possibility of gas being piesent
at any time in sufficient quantities to become
ignited by a spark, the motors should be of what
is called the "explosion proof" type." So far as
I know there is no motor on the market that is
absolutely explosion proof but there are several
which have a very high degree of efficiency in this
respect. Their principle is usually that of the
Davy safety lamp. The motor is entirely encai: 1
and provided with some device for relieving the
pressure due to any explosion of gas which may
occur on the inside of the case without allowing
the hot flashes to pass outside and ignite the gas
in the neighborhood of the motor. The protective
devices usually consist of some method of cooling
the flames before they reach the outside atmosphere.
The only real safe type of motor to use
in order to avoid the possibility of its operation
causing an explosion of gas or coal dust, is the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
alternating current squirrel cage induction motor.
In this type there is no tendency whatever toward
the production of a spark. The machine is very
robust and simple in construction and while not
quite so satisfactory under conditions requiring a
VARIABLE SPEED
of the machine to be driven or a heavy starting
torque, still they give very good results and inasmuch
as they are absolutely safe so far as causing
explosions is concerned, their use should be
strongly encouraged.
Oil break switches should be used instead of the
ordinary open type wherever there is a possibility
of gas being present in sufficient quantity to become
ignited by a spark which always results when
the passage of an electric current is interrupted
by the opening of a switch. These oil switches
can be obtained of suitable construction for most
any class of service.
To summarize, the following are the points that
should lie given particular consideration in an
electric installation in a mine in order to avoid
accidents:
First: All wires, wherever possible, should be
well insulated.
Second: All wires, no matter how good an insulating
covering they may have, should be supported
and protected from any accidental contact
with workmen in the same way as if they were
bare.
Third: All wires, such as trolleys that must
necessarily be bare, should be so guarded that no
one can accidentally come in contact with them.
Fourth: The armor of cables and the frame
work of electrical machines should be positively
grounded.
Fifth: Motors, switches and other electrical appliances
used where gas or coal dust may under
any circumstances, be present in sufficient quantity
to become ignited, should be of a type free
from sparking or else so arranged that the ignition
of any gas within the apparatus case wil] not
cause an explosion outside of the case.
Representatives of 50 mines met at Springfield,
111., recently and organized the Central Illinois
Coal Operators' association. No mines affiliated
with railroads are included. The new organization
will co-operate with the State association in
labor matters.
The Cheat Haven Coal & Coke Co. has reorganized
under the name of the Fancy Hill Coal Co.
.1. T. Fawcett of Cheat Haven and Mr. Fawcett of
Pittsburgh, of the old company, still retain stock
with the additional new members in the firm of
Mr. Moore of Connecticut, George D. Howell and
Alfred Howell of Uniontown.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The district executive board of the United Mine
Workers of the Central Pennsylvania or No. 2 dis­
trict held a meeting at Clearfield. Pa., Dec. 16,
and one of the important actions was to change the
date of the convention from March 16, 1914, to
February 24. 1914. The call for the convention
at DuBois will be issued shortly. The reason for
changing the date is the clause in the scale agree­
ment providing that the miners shall continue at
work for a period of 30 days after the date of the
first session of the joint conference of miners and
operators. This change will permit the first ses­
sion to assemble about March 1, 1914.
James F. Moran, international board member of
the United Mine Workers of America, who has
been in Scranton, Pa., investigating the complaint
of Thomas Davis, of Nanticoke, and Frank Kurow­
ski, of North Scranton, has announced that he pro­
poses to bring charges against Davis and Kurow­
ski for slandering the members of the executive
committee of the international union in a letter to
President John P. White, which was published in
the Scranton papers.
"It is the duty of every miner to protect his own
life and the lives of his fellow workmen by tb _
placing of props." said Coroner C. A. Fitzgeiald of
Cambria county. Pa., Dec. 20, when it was shown
that Steve Veres and John Shumac has been killed
because they had failed to heecl the warning of
Assistant Mine Foreman Meese Gonsollus of the
Sunnyside Coal Co., Johnstown, Pa., who ordered
them to place additional mine props.
The Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co.
Dec. 17, shut down its Adrian mine at Punxsu­
tawney, Pa., following a walkout of the men be­
cause several non-union men were at work. The
company avers the men violated the wage agree­
ment and the mine will be closed indefinitely.
President Gilday of the Mine Workers has ex­
pressed his disapproval of the men walking out.
Three hundred miners comprising the local at
the Kortkamp Coal Co. mine at Hillsboro, 111., bad
their charter revoked by the state officials of the
United Mine Workers because they broke their eontract
with the company. The men not only had
their charter revoked but tlie officials would not
allow them to enter the mine because they wore
not union men.
Conrad Wein of Murray City, litis been appointed
secretary-treasurer of the miner's organization of
the Athens, O.. sub-district to fill out the unex­
pired term of Morris Albaugh of Murray, who
tendered his resignation to accept the position of
deputy state mine inspector. The appointment
was made by President Lenning of the miners'
organization.
Following the recent labor troubles in Indian­
apolis international officers of the barbers, car­
penters, bricklayers, plasterers, bookbinders and
teamsters' union announced they would withdraw-
all funds of the organizations, from the Indianapo­
lis banks.
About 400 miners employed in the Bradley mine
on the XV. & L. E. road, near Wheeling, W. Va.,
went out on strike Dee. 18 over a disagreement
with the management, and the entire mine was
forced to suspend operations as a result.
It is reported the delegates from the anthracite
region who will attend the United Mine Workers'
convention in Indianapolis thi*; month will endea­
vor to have the national organization take effective
measures to prevent the petty strikes.
The men employed at the Lance No. 11 colliery
of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co. at Ply­
mouth, Pa., returned to work after having been
on strike about 10 days. The trouble will lie
referred to the Conciliation Board.
Ohio's new employes' compensation law goes into
effect this date, ancl mine owners are speculating
what effect it will have on the cost of producing
coal. It is generally believed the increase will be
two to three cents per ton.
The strike at the Miller shaft. Portage, Pa., over
the pay day question has been settled, and the men
have gone back to work. Pay days will be on the
15th and 30th of each month.
President William Houston of the United Mine
Workers of Indiana has been quoted in an interview
as saying that niiners and operators are satis­
fied with present conditions.
The strike in the Holsopple mine of the Penn­
sylvania Smokeless Coal Co. over the pay day ques­
tion has been settled, the company agreeing to pay
every 15 days.
The New York Court of Appeals has handed
down a decision that a labor union is a legal body
and is responsible for its acts or the acts of its
members.
Contract for the construction of the Rockhouse
branch of the Lexington & Eastern railroad from
Blackey into the headwaters of Rockhouse creek
18 miles to reach the rich coal lands of the Rock­
house Coal Co., the Slemp Coal Co. and the Lifts
Coal Co. has been awarded Adams & Sullivan, of
Louisville.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
SULLIVAN ANGLE-COMPOUND, POWER DRIVEN AIR COMPRESSOR
Belt Driven, Class "WJ-3." Direct Connected, Class "WN-3"
The Sullivan Angle-Compound Air Compressors,
Class "WJ-3," belted, and Class "WN-3," direct
connected, are offered to the public as a marked
advance in over all efficiency in power driven air
compressing machinery. It has been proved for
this type that it delivers more actual compressed
air than any other design of power operated compressor,
per unit of power, attention, maintenance,
supplies, floor space and cost of installation. Tlie
detailed explanation and description that follows
will, it is believed, cinvince the reader of the
soundness of these claims, and the genuineness of
the advantages set forth.
The long experience of this company in the design
and manufacture of air compressors of the
highest grade, for every class of service; its efficient
factory organization and facilities for quantity
production; its high standards of quality and
excellence, and its careful study and its tests of
Sullivan Angle-Compound Air Compressor, Class" WJ-3,"
Valve Gear Side.
every detail of this particular pattern are guarantees
that Anglo-Compound compressors will deliver
the performance claimed for them. Tests under
ful load conditions have verified the expectations
of the designers in the high delivery and mechanical
efficiencies which they have shown.
As shown in the illustrations, the Angle-Compound
air compressor has its low pressure or intake
cylinder in a horizontal plane, with the high
pressure cylinder set vertically, on the end of the
horizontal frame. Both pistons are actuated by a
single crank, and both sets of valve gear by a
single eccentric pin. The driving pulley or motor
is mounted at one side, on an extension of the
crank shaft.
Angle-Compound engines have been used for
many years under conditions demanding high
speed, freedom from vibration and close economy;
and some special air compressors of very large capacity
have been built on the same principle. The
Sullivan Angle-Compound may fairly claim, however,
to be the only power driven compressor of
this design now being manufactured in ordinary
commercial sizes. In combination with other
especial features, the following marked advantages
are obtained over compressors whose cylinders
are in the same plane, as in the familiar
duplex or cross-compound machines, whether horizontal
or vertical.
The Angle-Compound design permits a very close
balancing of reciprocating masses. The momentum
of moving parts increases as the square of the
rotative speed, and the matter of balancing is of
larger economic importance, for engines and compressors
which are intended to run at comparatively
high speed, than has generally been recognized.
The perfect balance of the Angle-Compound
compressor saves for useful work, power
otherwise wasted in friction and vibration. A
coin will stand on edge on this machine when it
is running at full load with the foundation bolt
nuts removed.
A saving of floor space is accompanied by a reduction
of strains on the foundation, and this is
of correspondingly small dimensions. No lining
up, except leveling, need be done; no expensive
or intricate problems in driving attachment need
be solved, and hence installation cost, often a serious
item in other compressor types, is always a
small matter in this machine.
The Angle-Compound compressor may be connected
by any usual method to the motor unit,
which may be located at either end of the compressor.
It may be direct connected, by mounting
a motor or water wheel on its crank shaft,
A wide range in the riee of the band wheel is permissible,
to accommodate various sizes and speeds
of motor pulleys. A change of form, type or size
of driving means may be made more easily and
cheaply than with any other design.
Refinement in every detail, making for increased
efficiency and durability, has been achieved for
this design.
The intercooler used is of unusually large relative
size, effective in action, durable, convenient
to repair, and has special features. The use of
the outside walls of the cylinder water jackets for
cooling the air is a valuable addition of water
cooled area that would otherwise be wasted.
The lubrication system is superior to the usual

18 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
forms. A self-contained gravity system for the
main working parts, a force feed system for cylinders
and valves, and compression grease cups on
valve motion, make a combination that insures
perfect lubrication at all speeds, eliminates dripping
or splashing of oil on outside parts and requires
no drip pans. Attendance is reduced to
the minimum. That compactness and accessibility
can be brought together in the same unit
has been demonstrated in this machine. Notwithstanding
its enclosed and neat appearance, all
working parts are easy to inspect, adjust or remove.
Sectional Elevation. "WJ-3" Compressor,
A single crank pin takes the place of the two
eccentrics customarily used for driving the valve
motion in duplex machines. No supporting brackets
or intermediate rocker arms are required.
A balanced disc on the end of the crank shaft
carries a crank pin on which the connecting rods
are hung for the valve motion of both cylinders.
It is unnecessary to point out the obvious simplicity
and the many advantages of this arrangement
as compared with the usual two eccentrics
and eccentric straps with their high rubbing speeds
and inconvenience of adjustment.
The massive foundations necessary to absorb
the unbalanced vibrations in other types are not
required for the perfectly balanced Angle-Compound
compressor, and it may be successfully
operated in buildings where vibration is objectionable,
or on unstable or filled ground, where vibration
would have a tendency to cause unequal settlement
and thow the compressor out of alignment.
The heavy counterweight peimitted by this design
practically absorbs within the shaft itself all
of the heavy inertia loads which would otherwise
have to be carried by the crank shaft bearings,
and leaves these important
elements of
the compressor free to
perform their proper
WATER OUTLET
function of carrying
M AIR OUTLET
the load due to the
air pressure on the
pistons and to support
the weight of the moving
parts, thereby
greatly reducing
power losses due to
friction, trouble with
heated bearings, etc.
In addition to the
elimination of inertia
loads from the bearings,
a further benefit
is gained by a more
uniform distribution
of the working pressures
around the circumference
of the
crank shaft boxes. In
the horizontal type of
machine, the wear due
to the influence of piston
load is all on the
sides of the boxes,
while with the Angle-
Compound type the
piston load produces
wear in both horizontal
and vertical direc­
tions, with the result that the boxes require less
adjustment, the wear is distributed over a greater
surface, and both the shaft and boxes retain a
more nearly cylindrical shape throughout their
life, resulting in unusual freedom fiom pounding.
In the ordinary duplex design, the stresses due
to piston load are applied to the ends of a crank
shaft supported in bearings several feet apart,
and as the piston loads during certain parts of
the revolution act in opposite directions, a twisting
effect or couple is set up in a horizontal plane
which must be resisted by the machine frame,

the foundations or both. Any lack of rigidity
in these elements disturbs the alignment and produces
a tendency toward heated bearings ancl increased
friction. In foundations for duplex compressors,
which are necessarily of large horizontal
dimensions, if any settlement occurs, il is
bound to be unequal; and the wide base or frame
cannot be made stiff enough to resist the distorting
forces of the settling foundation. The Angle-
Compound compressor foundation is short and narrow,
and if settlement occurs, the foundation, in
tilting from a level position, will move as a solid
block or unit, and no distortion of the frame will
result. Furthermore, this frame is of great depth
in comparison to its width, giving it a rigidity
far in excess of that found in the broad and more
flexible base supporting the duplex compressor.
The unique arrangement of the cylinders in the
Angle-Compound compressor permits the location
of both connecting rods side hy side on the same
crank pin. This feature reduces the distance
between the center lines of the two cylinders from
several f eet. in the duplex, to the width of one
connecting rod box in the Angle-Compound type,
and practically eliminates the severe distorting
forces previously referred to.
The crank shaft is supported in large bearings
immediately on either side of the crank pin. so
that the load imposed by both pistons is borne
equally by these bearings, without any tendency
to rock or spring the shaft or main frame.
The main frame of the Sullivan Angle-Compound
compressor is horizontal, and supports the
entire machine. To one end is attached the low
pressure cylinder and on the other is bolted an
upright pedestal, which carries the vertical or
high pressure cylinder. This main frame is of
the heavy duty, Tangye pattern, strongly ribbed,
with bored guides for the low pressure crosshead,
and planed jaws to receive the crank shaft boxes.
There are openings in the sides, to afford access
to the crosshead, protected by oil-tight covers.
The bottom is solid, and forms a reservoir for oil.
The rear end is faced and counterbored for attaching
the low pressure cylinder.
The vertical frame or pedestal is of similar design,
and has a broad base, secured by heavy bolts
to the top of the front end of the main frame. In
addition to the openings opposite the crosshead,
others are provided on the front and sides, likewise
fitted with tight covers, to give free access
to the crank pin and crank shaft boxes.
The main bearings are made in four parts, of
cast iron, lined with babbitt, with set screw adjustment,
and so designed that all four parts may
be taken out without removing the main shaft.
The cross heads are of cast iron, of a strong
box form, fitted with shoes with babbitted faces,
turned to fit the bore in the frame, and provided
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
with wedge adjustment. The crosshead pins have
taper fits in the crossheads, and are secured by
lock nuts.
The connecting rods are forged from open hearth
steel billets, with marine type boxes on the crank
pin ends, lined with babbitt. The crosshead ends
are solid and slotted for the reception of bronze
boxes, provided with wedge and screw adjustment.
The crank shaft is a heavy, open hearth steel
forging, of the center crank type. The crank
pin is of a proper length to accommodate both connecting
rod boxes on it, side by side. A heavy
cast-iron counterweight is bolted to each crank
check, equaling the whole weight of the reciprocating
parts of either the high or low pressure
member. The centrifugal effect of these weights
neutralizes the inertia of both sets of reciprocating
parts, so that the compressor runs at full rated
Sullivan Angle-Compound Air Compressor. Showing Operation
on Short Center Drive From a Motor. By Means
of a Belt-tightener.
speed without perceptible vibration. The crank
shaft extends from one side of the machine to
receive the driving pulley or motor, and in all
except the smallest sizes, is provided with an
out-board bearing, consisting of a babbitted box,
carried in a heavy pillow block upon a strong sole
plate, which is bolted to the foundation. Set
screws and wedges permit adjustment both vertically
and horizontally, so that this bearing may
always be kept in correct alignment with the
crank shaft bearings.
The band flywheel or pulley is of sufficient
weight to give steady motion to the compressor,
at its rated speed. It is made in halves, held together
at the rim and hub by heavy through bolts,
and is keyed to the shaft. The face of the wheel
is turned crowning to receive the driving belt.
When desired, the compressor may lie driven
by an electric motor mounted directly on the
crank shaft. In this case the regular belt pulleris
replaced by a heavy, square rimmed flywheel,
securely keyed to the shaft, close to the com-

50
pressor frame. A special crank shaft is supplied,
of sufficient length to properly accommodate the
electric motor, and is provided with a proper fit
for securing the rotor or armature to it. A water
wheel may be connected to the compressor in the
same manner, if this form of drive is preferred.
Both low and high pressure cylinders are made
with separate liners forced into the main castings,
the spaces between the liners and sylinder castings
forming the water jackets. The air passages in
the cylinder castings cover the entire area outside
of the jackets, the inlet and discharge sides
being separated by longitudinal partitions on the
sides of tr- cylinders. The surface on the outer
side of Lie jacket walls provides considerable
cooling area in addition to that of the intercooler.
The air cylinder heads are accurately bored,
transversely, for cylindrical rolling inlet valves,
and provided with ample ports for the admission
of air. Proper openings are bored in the edges
of the heads to receive the poppet discharge valve
cages and plugs.
The air inlet valves are of the Corliss type, of
cast iron, turned and fitted to accurately bored
seats in the cylindrical heads, the inlet ports being
of ample area to fill the cylinder at atmospheric
pressure when the compressor runs at maximum
speed; they are slotted in one end to receive "I"
headed valve stems, and tapped in the other end
to receive screw handles, to remove them from
the cylinder head. To remove these valves it is
only necessary to remove the back bonnets and
withdraw- the valves by means of the screw
handles, without disturbing the cylinder heads or
valve gear.
The air inlet valves are driven by steel valve
stems having "I" heads on their inner ends.
The stems are equipped with collars, with ground
joints between these collars and the bonnets, to
prevent leakage of air around the stems. The
stems are supported in rigid cast iron bonnets
securely bolted to the cylinder heads. The stems
derive their motion, through cast iron rocker arms
keyed to them, from a single crank pin, attached
to a small disc which is keyed to the end of the
main crank shaft opposite the flywheel. The connection
rods for operating the inlet valves are
placed side by side on this pin, one rod reaching
horizontally to the low pressure valves, and one
vertically to the high pressure valves. All valve
gear connection rods have adjustable bronze heads
for taking up wear.
The air discharge valves are of the poppet type,
internally guided on cast iron plugs, and held to
their seats by light steel springs; they seat in
bronze cages, readily removable by unscrewing
the valve plugs, and are sufficient in number to
provide ample area for the escape of the compressed
air from the cylinders. They are set,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
with their cages, in ports or pockets, arranged
radially in the air cylinder heads, and readily accessible
for inspection or removal. As these
valves act in a direction radial to the axis of the
cylinder, they avoid losses in efficiency due to
clearance space to the greatest possible degree.
There are no long ports or pockets leading to
them, in which air is trapped alter compression
instead of being expelled from the cylinder. These
valves are pressed from special cold rolled sheet
steel, of a texture adapted to withstand successfully
the blows and shocks to which discharge
valves are subjected, and are light in weight to
reduce hammering on the seats.
The intercooler, for removing the heat of compression
in the air from the low pressure cylinder,
is a substantial, cylindrical cast iron shell containing
an amount of cooling surface sufficient to
pioduce thorough cooling of the compressed air.
It is located immediately over the low pressure
cylinder and frame, and has flanged inlet and outlet
openings, and cast iron flanged connections between
it and the high and low pressure air cylinders.
It is supported on its inner end by a hollow,
cast iron, flanged leg, into which any accumulation
of water or oil will drain. This water
or oil may be blown off through a drain cock, provided
at the bottom. A pop safety valve, attached
to an opening on top of the intercooler, prevents
unsafe pressures in the intercooler or low pressure
cylinder.
The intercooling surface consists of a nest of
aluminum tubes through which the cooling water
circulates, entering at one end, traversing onehalf
the tubes, and returning through the remainder.
The ends of these tubes are expanded into
tw-o headers, the outer header being bolted against
a packed joint on the outer end of the intercooler
body, while the other header, inside the intercooler
body, is free to move with the expansion or
contraction of the tubes. Suitable baffle plates,
in the interior of the body, are so arranged that
the air, in flowing through it, will be compelled to
pass three times across the tubes, thus insuring
a thorough cooling effect. By removing the bolts
securing the outer header, the whole nest of tubes,
with the headers, may be withdrawn from the base
or shell for inspection or repair. Both headers
have removable covers which give access to the
ends of the tubes for the removal of sediment or
for the insertion of new tubes.
Both high and low pressure pistons are of cast
iron, each made in one piece. The low pressure
piston is cored out to reduce weight, but is thoroughly
ribbed inside to provide stiffness, while
the high pressure piston is practically solid, making
it equal in weight to the low pressure piston,
to preserve the equality in weight of the reciprocating
parts necessary for perfect balancing. Both

pistons have carefully fitted cast iron snap rings,
with a special device to prevent leakage past the
joints. The piston rods are made of a selected
grade of tough steel, and secured to the piston
with taper fits and lock nuts.
With the speed required of "WJ-3" compressors,
the question of adequate and reliable lubrication
becomes of great importance. The well known
splash system for supplying oil to the working
parts, while simple and reliable, is not suited to
fast running engines and compressors. The oil
used in this system is contained in the main
frame. The constant and violent agitation of the
oil by the moving parts keeps any grit or foreign
substance in the oil in suspension and delivers it
repeatedly through the bearings, where, even if
the grit is not harsh enough to cause heating,
it produces unnecessary wear.
The crank shaft bearings, crank and crosshead
pins and crosshead guides, of both high and lowpressure
members, are supplied with stream lubrication.
From the main oil reservoir, in the bottom
of the horizontal main frame, underneath the
crank shaft, a small plunger pump, driven from
connections attached to the air valve gear, and
with all of its working parts submerged in oil,
delivers oil to a reservoir at the top of a stand
pipe, high enough to insure the delivery to the
highest point at which lubrication is needed.
From this reservoir oil flows to the points specified.
The amount of oil flowing to each point is
regulated by adjustable sight feed connections.
The pump is designed to pump an amount of oil
greater than maximum requirements, and the excess
from the overhead reservoir is returned by
an overflow to the main reservoir in the horizontal
frame. After the oil has passed through the
various bearings, it flows back to the main reservoir
to be used again. The air c> Under and rolling
inlet valves are oiled from a separate fivefeed
positive oil pump of special design, driven
from the air valve gear. Each feed may be regulated
separately.
The rate of feed of oil, to all points lubricated,
may be observed by the operator from the engine
room floor. All working joints in the air valve
gear are lubricated with grease cups. The outboard
bearing supporting the end of the crank
shaft is independently lubricated by a supply of
oil contained in a well underneath the bearing, to
which it is delivered by ring oilers.
The water circulation for the cylinders and
intercooler has but one inlet and one outlet. Entering
at the bottc ,, of the low pressure cylinder,
water passes then L- through the intercooler and
high pressure cylinder, leaving the latter at the
top. This arrangement provides a positive circulation,
with no danger of entrapping air in the
water spaces.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
^•j RETAIL TRADE NOTES •
The York, Pa., Retail Coal Dealers held their
fourth annual banquet Dec. 18 at the York Motor
club. The toastmaster was H. S. Hays, president
of the dealers. Those present were: Messrs. H.
S. Hays, J. W. Mumma, Christian Bender, Paul
Bender, J. E. Herr, Arthur Kottcamp, Benjamin
Feldman, Elmer Frey, Hiestand Frey, Marcellus
Frey, J. C. Grove, Niles C. Grove, William F. Gerber,
J. Edgar Holland, Zacharias Lauer, Henry
Lucking, J. W. Mitzel, Henry Moul, John Noss,
Paul Swyser, J. Calvin Strayer, Mr. Crowell,
Charles George, Eli Zinn, C. F. Werner and G. E.
Lecrone.
At the recent annual meeting of the New Yoik
City Coal Merchants' association the officers in
charge during the past year were unanimously reelected,
as follows: Warren A. Leonard, president;
Theodore S. Trimmer, vice president; George
J. Eltz, secretary; and Arthur F. Rice, commissioner.
The Retail Fuel Dealers' association at Minneapolis
held a meeting on the 20th and the following
officers were elected: Charles A. Bruce, president;
Frank Palmquist, vice president; A. E. Nerverud,
secretary; George D. Andrews, treasurei.
A very enjoyable evening was spent by the attendants.
The Chicago Coal Dealers' association has voted
to join forces with the city inspectors of weights
and measures to drive short-weight coal dealers
out of business.
Henry Jacobs, of Washington, Pa., has sold to
J. V. Thompson, of Uniontown, Pa., 23 v ,3559 acres
of coal in Richhill township, Greene r*ounty, Pa.,
for $27,770.64.
The Snowden Coke Co. of Pittsburgh has recently
bought the plant of the Mount Hope Coke
Co. and about 1,050 acres of coal, adjoining from
other owners.
Mrs. Frances Crymble of Lansing, O, has sold
to the Lorain Coal & Dock Co., 50 acres of coal
near Lansing for $200 per acre.
Coal loaded at Toledo during the lake season
show the shipment of coal by districts in 1913 to
have been: Hocking Valley, 750,689 tons; K. &
M.. 709,939 tons; C. & O., 1,010,841 tons; N. & W„
104,362 tons; Coal & Coke, 35,733 tons; K. & W.
Va.. 734 tons; and Wellston, 1,521 tons, a total of
2,613,819 tons, or an increase of 325,400 tons.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY*
By Herbert M. Wilson, Engineer n Charge. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.
I feel some diffidence in addressing you on a
subject so trite to the members of this association
as is that of safety in mining. Nevertheless, the
movement for safety has taken on such marvelous
impetus in every branch of the industrial life of
America in the last 12 months that I could not
decline the opportunity offered by President Fohl
to briefly review the progress of this movement,
its meaning and its relation to the particular industry
in which you are concerned.
The mining industry may point with pride to
the fact that long before thought of safety was
considered in other industrial occupations, state
legislation had been enacted in the infancy of
the industry making provision for mine inspection,
and much has been done in the succeeding
years to safeguard the workers, not only through
the various state mine departments, but also
through the private inspection maintained by the
operators.
A conviction had been reached, up to a few years
ago, when the too oft-recurring mine explosions,
with the long list of dead and injured, and the
reports of the daily accidents from minor causes,
was accepted as inevitable to the industry. It.
was at this period that the impetus furnished by
the First Conservation congress and a series of
coincident mine explosions awakened the United
States Congress to the necessity of investigating
these disasters. The propaganda which led to
the creation of the Federal Bureau of Mines, and
the publicity created by its method of operation
has in the interval aroused the mining community
to a realization of the
LACK OF SAFETY
and has given a quickened impulse for better conditions
in every other industrial occupation.
It is a fact worthy of just pride, therefore, that
not only has this industry led in state and in
individual concern for the safety of its employes,
but also it is the first—unless transportation be
called an industry—to receive federal aid and encouragement,
and it should be a matter of still
greater pride that the activity for safety in the
niining industry has pointed the need ancl the way
for the guidance of the other industries.
Due perhaps in some measure to these causes,
and in larger measure to the agitation I'or the enactment
of workmen's compensation laws, with
the corresponding responsibility devolving upon
industry to protect its resources by reducing the
*Address at the Coal Mining Institute Banquet. Pittsburgh,
Pa.. December 4. 1913.
occasion for compensation; and also due in large
measure to the activity everywhere evidenced for
greater consideration of our fellow-beings, as
voiced in Christ's commandment "Love thy neighbor
as thyself," the last year has witnessed the
organization of at least two national societies concerned
in furthering the safety movement. First
among these is the American Mine Safety association,
conceived in this city and now entering
upon its first year. Its membership includes mine
operators, mine inspectors, mine workers and physicians,
and it aims to secure as members every
man concerned in mining coal or ore. The good
results from this organization are already evidenced
in the more frequent field meets of miners,
both for contests in and for instruction regarding
safety, encouraged through the donation of medals
and the
ESTABLISHMENT OF LOCAL BRANCHES
of the association, a national mine rescue corps,
and a national first-aid corps.
At almost the same time there was conceived
in Cnicago the National Council for Industrial
Safety, numbering in its membership the leaders
in every industrial branch—railroads, manufactures,
iron and steel, etc. This council will
strive to co-ordinate the efforts of kindred organizations
as a medium for exchange of information
relative to those safety measures which may be
applicable to the several industries.
You know of the wave of safety meetings held
throughout the breadth of the land by the various
railway companies, to which movement recent
wrecks on interstate lines have given an impetus.
In Pittsburgh the Pennsylvania railroad held two
such meetings at which the attendance numbered
into the thousands, as did also the B. & O. railroad.
The steel industry has perhaps pushed farther
within a few years the introduction of safety appliances
and safeguards around its machinery,
the organization of safety committees, and the
awarding of prizes, than any other of the industries,
and the manufacturing corporations—the
National Cash Register Co., our own "57 Varieties"
and their fellows—are spending hundreds
of thousands of dollars in advancing the safety
and welfare of their employee
The American Museum of ^ _ty in New York
held in the month of October its first annual exhibition
of safety appliances in the Grand Central
Palace, and the exhibition was worthy of a long
journey if only as an object lesson to the

TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF ENERGY
and money being expended in every industry for
the adoption of safeguards to human life. And
next week there will be held in the same building
in New Y'ork a National Safety and Sanitation
conference.
Have you scanned the latest statistics of mine
accidents? If so, have you noted that in the
United States in the year 1911 there were 2,719
persons killed in eoal mines and 695 in metal
mines; that there were 9,106 seriously and 22,228
slightly injured in coal mines, and 4,169 seriously
and 22,408 slightly injured in metal mines, in all
61,325 mine workers incapacitated for one day
or over? Humiliating as is the apparent indictment
against the mining industry, conveyed in the
above figures, yet they do not tell the whole of
the story. There is comfort in the fact that in
the last quarter century, while there has been a
constantly increasing ratio of men killed in the
mines per one thousand men employed, or per one
million short tons of coal mined, the high-water
mark was reached in 1907. In that year the
death rate in the coal mining industry alone was
4.88 per one thousand men employed, or 6.93 per
one million short tons of coal mined. During the
last five years, to and including 1912, there has
been a constant and gratifying diminution in the
death and accident rate, the number killed in 1912
being 3.27 per one thousand men employed, or
4.42 per one million short tons of coal mined.
No other industry can point to so splendid a record
of safety work accomplished as that most hazardous
industry of mining.
ri CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
The Snowden Coke Co. of Pittsburgh will increase
the Mt. Hope Coke Co. plant, which it recently
purchased, from 150 rectangular ovens to
400 of the same style.
James H. Corbett, of Kittanning, Pa., has purchased
1,000 acres of coal at Timblin. Pa., on the
Pittsburgh & Shawmut railroad, and will develop
the property.
The Main Island Coal Co. will develop 27,000
acres of coal in Logan county, W. Va,, on the
Island Creek branch of the Guyan valley railroad.
The Black Mountain Corporation of Bristol,
Tenn., is reported to be figuring on opening mines
on its property in Virginia coal fields.
The Little River Mining Co. of Gadsden, Ala.,
will develop 7,500 acres of coal in the northern
part of the state.
The Glenn's Run Coal Co. will open a new mine
at Pipe Creek, near Wheeling, W. Va.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
THE MONONGAHELA RIVER CONSOLIDATED
COAL &. COKE COMPANY EMPLOYES
ASSOCIATION HOLDS CONVENTION.
The annual convention of the Monongahela River
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. Employes' Relief
association was held in the assembly hall of the
H. W. Oliver building, Pittsburgh, recently.
The annual report submitted by Treasurer Mc­
Donald showed a cash balance of $16,207.01 on
Nov. 30 as compared with a balance of $15,445.82
a year ago. There were received as dues from
employes during the year and interest, $48,941.85;
contributions of the company, $13,577.37, a total of
$78,783.01, from which was deducted $13,575.37 for
expense.
Benefits paid were:
* Fatal accidents 25 $ 3,580.32
Deaths from other causes 47 4,483.58
Deaths of members' wives 46 4,600.00
Deaths of members' parents.... 22 1,100.00
Deaths of members' children.... 199 5,590.00
Non-fatal accidents 890 32,701.49
Total $52,055.39
Expense of branches $ 6,160.65
General administration expenses 4,359.96
Total expenses $10,520.61
Total disbursements $62,576.00
Cash balance Nov. 30, 1913 $16,207.01
*This amount does not include 97 fatal accidents
in the Cincinnati mine disaster, April 23, 1913;
the benefits were paid entirely by the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.
The session was followed by a banquet at the
German club, Craft avenue. Mr. George W. Schluederberg
presided and the affair was a most enjoy­
able one.
Commissioner Meyers, of the Interstate Commerce
commission, Dec. 16, at Bristol, Va., concluded
a hearing in the case of the Black Mountain
(Virginia) coal operators against the Louisville
& Nashville railway. The operators are asking
a reduction on coal rates on account of the
reduction given by the Louisville & Nashville to
Jellico, Ky., a competitive field. The railroad contended
that operating conditions in the Black Mountain
field justify a higher charge than in the Jellico
field.
A. P. Brady of Elkins, W. Va., has leased the
Leroy mines at Coalton, XV. Va.. from W. H. Green
and will operate them.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Gilmore Solomon Coal Mining Co., Springfield,
111.; capital, $5,000; incorporators, Charles W. Gilmore,
George W. Solomon, Peter H. Solomon, H. A.
Solomon and Robert C. Solomon, Jr., and E. C.
Solomon.
Profound Number Five Coal & Mining Co., St.
Albans, W. Va.; capital. $50,000; incorporators,
J. F. Thompson, Dr. E. A. Winter, R. M. Sigman.
W. B. Lauder, XV. H. Lauder, and I. G. Williams.
North American Coal Co. of West Virginia, .Morgantown,
W. Va.; capital, $50,000; incorporators,
Louis H. Brown, Hezekiah W. Saums, Thomas E.
Thomas, Charles A. Goodwin and Jo. L. Keener.
Bridgeport Gas Coal Co., Baltimore, Mel.; capital,
$60,000; incorporators, Aubrey Pearre, Siflord
Pearre, Aubrey Pearre, Jr., Baltimore; John Lowe,
Shinnston, and Gordon Lake, Independence.
Appalachian Coal Land Co., Inc., Bluefield, W.
Va.; capital, $100,000; incorporators, J. Elliott
Hall, T. M. Morrison, W. T. Williams, C. M. Rudder,
Jr., and S. XV. Moore, all of Bluefield.
Bengal Coal Co., Huntington. W. Va.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, E. P. Hopkins, A. E. .Morgan,
XV. H. Cunningham, T. H. Bailey, and Frank
Enslow, Jr., all of Huntington.
Albright Smokeless Coal Co., Kingw-ood, XV. Va.;
capital, $850,000; incorporators, Alvin Rice, XL D.
France, E. Hackethorn, J. E. Swain, and L. J.
Peter, all of Akron, Ohio.
Reece Coal Co., Logan, W. Va.; capital, $25,u00;
incorporators, Reece Browning, Lon E. Browning,
J. Cary Alderson, I. B. Robertson, T. O. Deaumei
and R. S. Shrewsbury.
East Kentucky Coal Co., Whitesburg, Ky.; capital,
$250,000; incorporators, F. R. Johnson, W. H.
Spinney, of St. Louis; H. C. Asherby, of Kirkwood,
Mo., and others.
Sandy Ridge Coal & Coke Co., Bluefield, W. Va.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, E. E. Carter, G. R.
Carter, J. H. Carter, L. Roy and R. S. Hansel, all
of Bluefield.
Extrapoca Coal Co., Bramwell, W. Va.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, J. F. Biggs, H. S. Brown,
C. W. Freeman. J. Ellwood Jones and Hattie
Brown.
Chicago-Carlisle Coal Co., Carlisle, 111.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, George A. Van Dyke, Webster
A. Patterson and Robert J. Frank, all of Chicago.
Little River iMining Co., Gadsden, Ala.; capital,
$4,000; incorporators, XV. T. Underwood, C. F.
Manley and Hugh White, all of Birmingham.
Midland Counties Coal Co., Chicago, 111.; capital.
$5,000; incorporators, Arthur XV. Underwood,
Nathan S. Srnyser and Charles R. Young.
Wizard Coal Co., Centralia, 111.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, Frank F. Noleman, F. Kohl, Walter
P>ls, Harry Kohl and E. A. Hartman.
DeCamp Block Coal & Clay Co., Brazil, lnd.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, Mary and Arthur
DeCamp and Richard Watkins.
Gassaway Coal, Oil & Gas Co., Gassaway, W. Va.,
capital, $25,000; incorporators, C. J., L. G., Grace,
Jacob and A. L. Scherer.
East Kentucky Mining Co., Louisville, Ky.; capital,
$2,000; incorporators, Dan Leahy, Allan Mc-
Nally and J. W. Barker.
Virginia Coal Co., Louisville, Ky.; capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, C. N. Boone, F. A. Hildebrancl
and L. J. Bergenroth.
Main Island Coal Co., Huntington, W. Va.; capital,
$1,000,000; incorporators. John Laing, Clinton
Crane, and others.
Victoria Coal Co., Belleville, 111.: capital, $60,-
000; incorporators, L. Senior, John Henderson and
V. M. Henderson.
Mitehem Coal Mining Co., Boonville, lnd.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, W. J. Mitehem, I. Deweese,
W. Baker.
Litis Coal Co., Coburn. W. Va.; capital, $1,000,-
000: incorporators, J. L. Litts, H. Hardaw-ay, and
C. B. Slemp.
< KO-KOALS' DOINGS B
The Porto Rico Coal Co. has been incorporated
under the laws of New York State by the Berwind- Philadelphia breaker, Order Kokoal, at its an­
White Coal Mining Co. to carry its business in nual meeting Dec. 18 elected these officers: Mo­
Porto Rico.
doc, Frank F. Mathers; Baron, Joseph H. Palmer;
Mingo Washed Coal Co., Eugene, XV. Va.; capi­
Baronel. S. C. Noblette; Baronet, J. W. Mason;
tal, $20,000; incorporators, Harvey Cory, Robert L. Pictor, W. L. Scott; Mazumer, Charles Heiland;
Martin, Jr., J. H. Greene, O. M. Good and Maurice
Gazook, Charles K. Scull; Pit Boss, Robert P.
A. Songer.
Magee; Acolyte, William J. Steen; Swatta, W. E.
Grace; Spotta, George P. Quigley.
Royal Coal Co., Royal, W. Va.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, Wm. Prince, Jas. F. Prince, L. M.
Prince, E. E. Huddleson, and L. A. Prince, all of
Prince.
The Chicago breaker, Order Kokoal, is preparing
a minstrel show to be given in the auditorium
of the Y. M. C. A„ Feb. 19 and 20.

Coal Production In 1913 Broke All Previous Records.
(CONTINUED FROM PACE 25)
Washington and Wyoming the latter condition
prevailed.
For the first time in its state history South Dakota
is shown to be a producer to an extent that
may lie taken cognizance of.
The anthracite tonnage for the year practically
is available, only the output for December being
estimated. The figures are for shipments only
and are:
Month. 1913. 1912.
January 6,336,419 5,763,696
February 5,674,169 5,875,968
March 4,909.288 6,569,687
April 5,966,189 266,625
May 5,995,742 1,429,357
June 5,970,047 6.191.646
July 5,487,852 6,285,153
August 5,369,900 6,576,591
September 5,572,2(9 5,876,496
October 6,338,194 6,665,321
November 5,786,931 6,165,536
December 5,000,000 5,944,506
Totals 68.407,010 63,610,578
These figures are in long tons and, when reduced
to short tons and with production used at mines
and by employes makes the total approximate 90,-
500,000 tons.
Next to increased production the most important
feature of the trade during the year was the prices
obtained by the producers. From the opening
month until within a few weeks of the closing of
the year prices were equal to or above card figures
and these prices, following 1912 example, showed
an ascending instead of a descending tendency.
In other words, producers obtained for their coal
a sum at least equal to production cost and for a
large part of the year a price that left them somewhat
of a margin of profit. Tt is true that this
condition was brought about partially by the labor
troubles in some of the fields, but had there not
been an insistent and legitimate demand aside
from that the prices would not have shown the
stability they did. The state tax on anthracite
becoming operative at the close of the session,
of the Pennsylvania legislature, it was tacked
onto the prices by the producing companies, and,
while producers obtained no benefit from it, it
can be affirmed with certainty it added to the influences
that worked fo-* better prices in the hituminous
trade. The coke manuacturers of the
Connellsville field not only maintained their selling
agency, but they also enlarged its scope, and
for the first full year in the history of the trade
held prices at their own quotations, and forced
consumers to pay the amount demanded for fuel
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 66
needs. Absolute adherence to card quotations
and restriction of tonnage made this possible.
The year opened with West Virginia still in the
throes of labor difficulties that had been inherited
from 1912. Martial law continued to be the rule
until practically mid-year when agreements were
reached and the mines of the state were free to
work full time. This was the only labor disturbance
of any moment until in September when a
general strike was called in the Southern Colorado
coal field, which led to the proclamation of
martial law and which, nominally, still is in force,
although nearly all the mines at first affected are
working almost full time. The year goes out,
however, with the troops still controlling the district.
No review of the year would be accurate unless
due cognizance is taken of the petty strikes—
strikes too often called in defiance of contractual
wage relations and ill defiance of organization officials—that
have marked the year more than any
twelve months for a decade. Contracts call for
operators' right to hire or discharge, but woe
to him during the past year if the individual hired
did not please the miners or if the man discharged
was one of the "gang" at the mine. The strike
would be called and always it would come to light
the reason was for an absolutely "closed shop."
These petty strikes resulted in a loss during the
year, to Pittsburgh district operators, alone, of a
tonnage said by one official to equal the entire
loss by the West Virginia strike. These petty
strikes have had such a demoralizing influence
that in at least one instance—the Central Pennsylvania
field—operators have announced they seriously
are considering breaking off relations with
the miners' organization. Tt is a certainty these
petty strikes will be one of the debatable points
at the joint wage conference to be held during the
spring of the present year. Aside from the strikes
there was a shortage of labor in many fields during
portions of the year.
Transportation problems continued to vex the
operating companies in 1913 as they did in 1912.
During the first half of the year they were due
in large measure in the Central competitive field
to floods and storms. Coupled with these were
legal tangles that were before the courts and the
Interstate Commerce commission, the results being
mainly decisions against the railroads and in
favor of operators. As the year closed the Interstate
Commerce commission was wrestling with
the problem of a general increase in freight
charges proposed by the railroads and opposed
by operators in general. The year's close also
marked another attempt on the part of government
to find a trust in the anthracite field. For
the greater part of the year there was an absence
of car shortages, although shortages were reported

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
from time to time from different sections. The
greatest surplussage of cars was reported July 15
and there was a continued drop from that time
until late in the fall when a net shortage was reported
for one fortnight, when the supply again
grew better ancl surplus cars increased to the
year's end.
During the year the question of "safety" anil
"mine rescue work" received an enormous amount
of attention from one end of the land to the other.
Federal and state officials, mine workers' organization
officials ancl officers of producing companies
all vieing in their efforts to bring about greater
safety to the mines and to the miners. The result
has been noticeable in the decreased loss of
life due to causes other than explosions in the
mines. So firm a hold has this taken on the
industry that considerable legislation is now on
record along this line.
Unlike 1912 the past year has had some disastrous
explosions, in which the loss of life has been
considerable, among the more notable of which
were the Cincinnati mine, Belle Valley mine. East
Brookside mine, Dawson (N. M.) mine and the
Rocky Mountain Fuel Co. mine.
The lake shipping season was a good one although
shipments started late. Disaster marked
the close of the season and several of the largest
cargoes sent to upper lake ports were lost with
the bottom in which they were shipped by the
storms that swept the lakes in November. Tbe
season closed with upper lake docks having stocks
less than capacity but apparently sufficient to meet
needs, because of the extremely mild weather that
prevailed during the final months of the year.
While final figures are not available it is entirely
probable they will show record shipments for the
season when they are available.
The legal phase of the industry was mainly confined
to legislative action. Ohio and Pennsylvavania
took the center of the stage in this respect.
the former state assembly having enacted a resolution
calling for a report on the entire mining
situation hy a special commission, while the legislature
of Pennsylvania levied a tax on anthracite
coal and enacted a workmen's compensation law.
Tennessee, Oklahoma, Colorado, West Virginia,
Missouri and several other states have enacted
new legislation that changes mining conditions.
Besides these the courts have handed clown numerous
decisions, one of which was the abrogation
of the so-called "sixty-five per cent, contracts" of
the anthracite region. Labor decisions were
handed down in several courts that will affect
relations between operators and miners.
During the year death called from their labors
a number of prominent coal men, among whom
were Mr. M. Saxman, Mr. R. A. Shillingford. Hon.
J. C. Stineman, Mr. 0. W. Kennedy, Hon. George
Harrison and Hon. Richard Newsam.
The exportation of coal which showed an increase
during 1912, continued to grow during 1913,
and producers are paying somewhat more attention
to this phase of the industry. Tide ports
are being provided with increased facilities unloading
coal for export, and this, coupled with the
reported entrance of foreign producers into the
American industry presages still further increases
along this line.
One of the features of the year's trade that has
called forth considerable comment was the number
of large and small operating companies that
were thrown into bankruptcy and receiverships,
through different causes. While these things were
going on the trade at large was startled by the
statement of a government official that the bituminous
coal trade practically was bankrupt and
that drastic action would be necessary before the
condition can be changed.
The year closed with the bituminous trade
facing a new wage scale negotiation between operators
and miners, and with the outlook for 1914
production to be materially affected by the pendancy
of these negotiations.
During the year the industry took steps to take
advantage of the opening of the Panama canal,
and companies have been formed, plans made, and
space secured for coaling facilities on the isthmus
as soon as the canal opens.
Petroleum production in the mid-continent field
showed a decrease during the year and this has
resulted in the resumption of the use of coal as a
fuel by railroads west of the Mississippi river.
This was one of the causes for increased production
in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast
fields.
MINE EXPERT STATION DISCUSSED WITH
GOVERNOR TENER AND CHIEF RODERICK.
Dr. J. A. Holmes, director of the U. S. Bureau
of Mines, and Val. Manning of the bureau, held
conferences at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 19, with Gov.
John K. Tener and James E. Roderick, chief of the
state department of mines.
They discussed the proposed establishment of a
state mining expert station for the study of safety
methods. Although the conferences were only
preliminary, it is likely the state station will be
run in co-operation with the federal station.
The Mundy Construction Co., Hazard, Ky,, has
been awarded the contract for the construction of
the two and a half-mile branch of the Yount's
Fork creek extension of the Lexington & Eastern
railroad, from Neon to the new coal operation now
being started by the Mineral Fuel Co.

The Coal Trade In 1913.
(CONTINUED PEOM PAGE 26)
producing from 850,000,000 to 900,000,000 tons of
coal a year.
With all this tremendous production there is a
great waste going on. With the exception of one
or two small areas there has been practically no
conservation practiced in the operation of coai
mining or much intelligent direction given to the
selling and marketing of coal.
All these factors working together are likely to
increase the price of coal suddenly in the near future.
To waste and destroy in the hill 25 to 40
per cent, is too rapidly exhausting the resources
of the country. Mining methods today are
crude. The supply of miners is being graduallylessened—going
into other work. More than SO
per cent, of the cost of coal today is labor, and
the demands of labor are bound to increase rapidly.
Some means must be looked for at once
for eliminating a large percentage of manual labor
in coal production, and it can come none too soon.
The present mechanical development in niining
puts most of the work on the manual toil of the
miner; little advance has been made over the ancient
method of pick mining. With the tremendous
amount of coal required for consumption such
archaic methods are wholly inadequate for the
future.
No industry today offers greater opportunities
for the exercise of ability in engineering and its
several branches and a strong directing generalship
than coal mining. . The rigorous application
of efficiency in the industry will be, too, of advantage
to more people than the same application of
efficiency in almost any other modern industry.
With the rapidly increased consumption of fuel with
decreasing labor supply, the country is entering
on a new era in coal mining. New methods are
needed and the only solution of the difficulties is
along the lines of mechanical development and the
elimination of more manual labor.
The price of Pittsburgh coal last year was low,
considering the quality and the consumptive demand.
It was higher by 10 or 15 cents a ton than
the year before, but that was in a period of a
highly competitive warfare, when miners' wages
were increased, prices reduced and the reduced
freight rate to the lake front was given to the
lake buyers of coal.
One of the chief difficulties in the industry is
that the selling price of coal is apparently not
fixed with any reference to the true cost of its
production, which involves a proper percentage of
the recovery of the coal in the hill as well as the
cost of mining and selling it. Whether or not a
district operates full 10 months a year or 12
months a year is to some extent involved in this
question. The archaic but familiar method often
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
adopted by coal companies to ascertain what price
they should ask for their product is to call in all
their salesmen and get the concensus of their
opinion on that important subject. As the salesman
is not interested in the company, has no
knowledge of its cost of production and is interested
only in selling as large a tonnage as possible,
it is obvious that it is easier for him to
sell coal at $1.25 a ton than at $1.50. He explains
how low some other company is selling coal,
that the present year ahead is not a good year to
advance the price, but that no doubt the following
year will be a good coal year and better prices
can be had then (but this so-called following year
of good prices is never reached—it is always the
year ahead) therefore he advises the company
strongly to maintain the lower price and run a
good tonnage. The sales manager thinks usually
in tons; rarely in profits.
The outlook for the year 1914 for the Pittsburgh
district is good and the potential strength of the
industry in the Pittsburgh district is rapidly attracting
attention. Where efficiency of operation
was maintained in the Pittsburgh district, low costs
obtained, good salesmanship displayed, fair but
not large earnings were made over 1912. The successful
and profitable operations in coal mining
in Pittsburgh district soon will converge and depend
on the elimination of crude and antiquated
methods of operation ancl the application of methods
that will reduce the cost of mining, improve
living conditions of the miners, effect a larger recovery
of coal and decimate injuries in mining
operations.
The coke industry is involved in any consideration
of coal niining in the Pittsburgh district.
Pittsburgh is the center of the greatest coke- consuming
region in the world. The Connellsville
field has produced considerably more coke in the
last 10 years than in its entire previous life; a
large percentage of operations are going out each
year for want of c-oal and the Connellsville field
will be practically exhausted in 15 years. The
life of that coke field is short. All this is a matter
of serious import for the Pittsburgh district,
but it is little heeded. The Pittsburgh fuel resources
should be protected and that protection
be aided by the Pittsburgh industrial commission
and an awakened civic pride. The coal resources
of the Pittsburgh district are the foundations of
all that makes for the greatness of Pittsburgh and
a movement of some kind looking to the better conservation
and the protection of this wonderfully
high grade fuel for Pittsburgh's use and benefit
should be started and maintained.
The Parish Coal Co. of Bicknell, lnd., has
struck a 6-foot vein of coal on its property just
west of Petersburg, lnd.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
BUREAU OF MINES HEAD PAYS HIGH TRI­
BUTE TO RESCUE AND FIRST AID CREWS.
From the increasing number of reports being
received by the United States Bureau of Mines,
of miners rescued from death in accidents, it is
becoming apparent to the officials that the general
"safety first" movement, inaugurated by the bureau,
has already reached a stage of great effectiveness.
Hundreds of mines throughout the country,
through the precept and urging of the bureau, have
established rescue and first aid crews and it is
from these crews of volunteer heroes that the
bureau is almost weekly hearing of lives saved.
"Since the Bureau of Mines was created," said
Dr. Joseph A. Holmes, director of the Bureau of
Mines, recently, in speaking of this part of the
work, "our rescue men have trained 5,000 miners
in the use of the modern rescue apparatus and 4,-
000 miners in the principles of first aid to the injured.
These constitute an army greater than
many legions that won their triumphs upon the
field of battle, for these men do not destroy life,
they save life.
"All through the year these men have been
answering the emergency call of the mines, in
many instances rushing into the very jaws of
death, in the faint hopes of bringing back a father
to his family or a young man to his mother.
Many lives have been saved and a number of
rescuers have had their names added to the long
roll of martyrs. The saddest accident of the
year was when two young men gave their lives at
the Dawson, New Mexico, disaster, some time ago,
while endeavoring to rescue the entombed men.
Their sacrifice was purely a voluntary matter, like
the acts of any other rescuer. They died like the
courageous men they were and there were other
rescuers, equally as courageous, ready and waiting
to take their places in the ranks.
"The bravery of the miners has never been questioned.
There has never been a time w-hen more
volunteers than needed did not respond. There
has always been a rescuer to step into the vacant
place in the ranks. And when the rescuer goes
to his death he is not spurred on by martial music,
the roll of drums, the crack of rifle fire, like the
soldier of war. There are no volleys of cheers
to nerve him to the ordeal. His incentive is the
consciousness that he is performing the highest
duty that is possible for a fellow man.
"I cannot refrain here from paying my humble
tribute to the bravery of the rescuers of the Bureau
of Mines who have not only trained this great
army of volunteer rescuers, but who also responded
to the diaster call whenever it came. Their task
of entering unfamiliar mines, with labyrinths of
darkness and death on every hand, is one of ex­
treme hazard, and only fit for the bravest of men.
They and the volunteer rescuers from the coal
mines are the men who uphold the traditions of
noble self-sacrifice ancl the courage that knows no
flinching in the time of great emergency. Since
the bureau was created three of the bureau's helmet
men have met their deaths in the mines. I
cannot say any more for their courage than that."
Robert P. Ervain, of Santa Fe, N. M., stale
commissioner of public lands, says most of the
4,000,000 acres of coal land in that state are in
the Navajo Indian reservation and will not be
available for mining until released by the government.
Senator J. B. Dollison of Hocking county, O,
has called the attention of Gov. J. M. Cox of Ohio
to the fact that there is a discrimination in coal
freight rates by the Hocking Valley railroad
against Ohio operators and in favor of West Virginia.
The U. S. District court at Chattanooga. Tenn.,
has refused to throw the Dayton Coal & Iron Co.
into bankruptcy, as desired by one of the creditors.
The company has been in receivership for
several months.
Representatives of the Tennessee Coal, Iron &
Railroad Co. met officials of the United Gas & Electric
Co. of New York, at Birmingham, Ala., recently,
and discussed the sale of by-product gas.
The Pratt Consolidated Coal Co., of Birmingham,
Ala., has secured the contract of the New Orleans
Street Railway & Light Co. for 175,000 tons of
coal to be delivered during the year 1914.
A mine rescue station is to be established at
Fort Smith, Ark., it is stated by J. C. Clary, commissioner
of labor statistics, if the people of Fort
Smith provide a suitable building.
It is announced that the two Lake Erie car ferries,
the Marquette & Bessemer line, and the P. &
O. car line, will undertake to run all winter, if
the season will permit.
It is reported the Lorain Coal & Dock Co. will
purchase the Johnson mine at West Wheeling, W.
Va., shortly, the negotiations having been going on
for some time.
Pittsburgh coal shippers sent about 2,500,000
bushels of coal to southern markets on the rise in
the Monongahela, Allegheny and Ohio rivers Dec.
27.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
MOVEMENT OF COAL AND COKE OVER THIRTEEN LEADING EASTERN
RAILROADS DURING OCTOBER AND TEN MONTHS ENDING
OCTOBER 1912 AND 1913 RESPECTIVELY
Classes and
Railroads
ANTHRACITE:
B. & 0. ©
C. & 0. ©
Erie ®
Penna. © © ..
Virginian © ©
Total 5 roads 1,918,009
BITUMINOUS:
B. & 0. © 3,038,407
B. R. & P. © © 812,418
Buffalo & Susq. © © 157,493
C. & o. © 1,362,680
Erie ® 14,609
H. & B. T. M. ® ® 129,111
N. Y. C. & H. R 814,144
N. & W. © © 1,939,772
Penna. © © 4,113,550
P. & L. E. © © 1,158,203
P. S. & N. © © 218,387
Virginian © © 338,518
Western Maryland 207,829
Total 13 roads 14.305,121
COKE:
B. & 0. © 433,547
B, R. & P. © © 57,673
Buifalo & Susq. © © 29,184
C. & 0. © 25,060
N. Y. C. & H. R 7,812
N. & XV. © © 131,007
Penna. © © 1,211,620
P. & L. E. © © 587,638
P. S. & N. © ©
Western Maryland 5,986
Total 10 roads 2,489,527
Total Coal and Coke 13 roads:
1912,
January 16,421,839
February 17,787,331
March 19,483,025
April 13,429,367
May 15,635,568
June 16,702,153
Julv 16,635,448
1913.
18,936,646
17,546,496
17,631,345
16,850,690
18,986,796
18,580,363
18,704,710
October.
1912. 1913.
Short Tons.
184,252 166,214
1,440 1,645
761,360 794,528
970,880 1,046,703
77 50
2,009,140
3,401,618
985,223
168,148
1,570,072
13,298
127,898
889,153
2,098,241
4,887,840
1,144,112
270,174
476,482
24S,85S
16,281,117
388,337
32,059
30,965
33,035
111,020
1,152,950
567,661
4,892
2,320,919
10 Months Ending Oct. 31,
1912. 1913.
Short Tons.
1,267,222 1,226,938
20,711 14,639
6,202,725 7,283,826
8,358,717 8,711,723
97 90.
15,849,472
28,431,931
6,827,271
1,246,422
14,480,895
220,070
1,011,737
6,667,903
19,048,864
38,227,609
9,527,976
1,619,271
2,950,100
2,322,620
132,582,669
3,932,524
442,220
227,664
213,087
72,937
1,197,943
10,882,963
5,171,735
5,155
57,624
22,203,852
August 18,396,247
September 17,432,358
October 1S.712.657
November 17,815,767
December 17,929,632
Total 12 months.—206,381,392
17,238,035
30,652,147
8,037,988
1,507,341
14,188,105
319,764
1,135,294
7,658,720
20,037,498
42,662,163
10,812,407
2,307,343
3,768,423
2,459,414
145,546,607
3,667,855
445,162
255,503
299,921
36,207
1,287,622
12,012,363
5,750,552
9,383
64,115
23,828,68c
19,718,856
19,046,247
20,611,176
©Includes coal received from connecting .lines.
©Includes company's coal.
©Does not include company's coal hauled free.
NOTE—The Southern Railway hauled 351,220 short tons of coal during September, 1913, and
3,127,282 short tons during the nine months ending September 30, 1913.

. THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
NEW LOW RECORD FOR ACCIDENTS
IN WEST VIRGINIA MINES.
The accident records in the office of Earl Henry,
chief of the Department of Mines of West Virginia,
for the first eleven months of 1913, showthat
this will be a banner year and that there
have been fewer fatalities than in any year since
1908.
In the eleven months ending Nov. 30, there have
been 309 deaths at tho mines, according to Mr.
Henry's records, as against 340 for the first
eleven months of 1912.
What is more significant, the decrease of 31 in
the number of deaths has taken place in spite of
the fact that the State's mining population has
increased 5,005. In 1912 the number of men employed
in West Virginia mines was 68,248, while
the 309 accidents this year have occurred to a
mining population of 73,253, according to the figures
of the Public Service commission.
Another interesting show made by the Department
records is that 16 of the coal producing
counties of the state have established a new
world's record for safety. Of the 16 counties in
question, six had one death each while in 10
counties there was none. The records of the
United States Bureau of Mines set forth that in
1912 these counties produced 4,184,000 tons of
THE SEASON'S GREETINGS
AND
VERY BEST WISHES
FOR
MY FRIENDS AND PATRONS
F. C. ALBRECHT
MANAGER INDUSTRIAL AND POWER DIVISION
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MFG. CO.
UNION BANK BUILDING.
PITTSBURGH, PA
coal. Based on this 1912 tonnage it will be seen
that there has been only one mining fatality in
these counties for every 697.333 tons of coal
mined.
Chief Henry's records for the whole State make
the fatality rate 4.21 for each thousand men employed.
This is the best rate since 1905, when
it was 3.15. The rate in 1912 was 5.26.
In reviewing the figures Mr. Henry pointed out
they indicated clearly the operators and miners
were co-operating with the Mining Department
to make West Virginia one of the safest states
in the Union for mining. He said he believed the
1914 records w-ould show, even better than those
of 1913, how earnestly the miners and operators
and officials of the Mining Department were working
for the common welfare.
Gov. Henry D. Hatfield was as pleased as Mr.
Henry with the excellent showing. The governor
took occasion to say he had been taking, and
would continue to take, advantage of every possible
opportunity to help Mr, Henry and the operators
and miners to improve conditions in West
Virginia. He added he wanted both operators
and miners to know that the state administration
intended to be constructive rather than punitive
in the enforcement of the mining laws.
The Third National Bank of Pittsburgh has instituted
a suit against the Nortonville Coal & Coke
Co., B. F. Oglevee, Charles E. Stewart, Frank G.
Hoge, Joseph H. Long, and Frank E. Mohr for
$10,000 which the bank alleges is due it on a
promissory note.
Adjustment of Ireight rates over the 'Frisco
lines from Alabama mines to distributing centers
is the purpose of a conference of Alabama mine
owners and officials of the 'Frisco held during the
fortnight.
The dock of the Pennsylvania Coal & Supply Co.
of Milwaukee was burned recently; the 15,000 tons
of anthracite stored at the plant was not badly
damaged.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
C A N get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
) Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA
( Contractor for DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Interstate Commerce commission Dec. 19
held that existing routes by way of the Pere Mar­
FOR SALE
quette railroad and Grand Trunk railway for the Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
shipment of soft coal from West Virginia and Ken­ Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
tucky mines to Milwaukee and other Wisconsin & D. also the Kittannings C & B.
points must be maintained. An advance of 10 The E. & C. are being operated and open for
cents a ton in the proportional rates for such ship­ inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
ments is permitted by the commission.
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quar­
Store Manager.
ters of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
For Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-15
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUE, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrange^
ments to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M„ care THE COAI. TKADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricker. recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these Iands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide t.-'-rs, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Trafi_c, preferred.
Address W„ care THE COAL TRADE BULLETI.N.
7-15
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
RECENT DISCOVERIES OF COAL Nakanoshima, IN JAPAN. and Hashima are the four principal
Recent surveys made at Iojima (an island in islands of the coal field.
Nagasaki harbor) have confirmed the opinion of A very promising coal mine has been discovered
experts that a valuable deposit of coal exists there, near Sasebo Naval station, Sasebo, Hino-mura,
writes Vice Consul Harold C. Huggins, Nagasaki. Nagasaki Prefecture. It is estimated by those
Its quality is said to be the same as that of the who have examined the outcroppings and seams
Takashima colliery coal, and in quantity it is that the workable area exceeds 4,280 acres The
thought to equal the Nakanoshima field near Naga­ mine abuts on the seashore, and outcroppings of
saki. If this deposit proves as valuable as it is the seams may be seen in the sand. Work will
supposed to be, Nagasaki will be most fortunate in shortly be begun on this mine, and it is expected
having an abundant supply of fine coal near the that this district (Sasebo) will, as a consequence.
entrance of its harbor, and local business circles become very prosperous. The quality of the coal
anticipate a revival of prosperity as the result of is said to be equal to the famous Miike coal.
the opening of this mine.
There is a growing tendency to favor American
The Takashima coal mine, referred to above, is
the generic name of the two collieries located at
Takashima-mura and Hashima, Takahama-mura,
both in the province of Hizen, Nagasaki Prefecture,
and owned by the Mitsu Bishi Kaisha, and
although this company has been working continuously
day and night for the last 32 years, the area
mined so far is hardly one-third of the total area
of the remaining field. Takashima, Futagoshima,
machinery in the Kiushu coal mines. Companies
desiring a share of this business may be able to
obtain profitable orders by personal representation
here. In this badly crowded, highly competitive
field it is useless for any firm to expect consideration
for goods not known to the buyer, and not.
properly brought to his attention.
These discoveries of coal in the vicinity of Nagasaki
lend additional interest to the Nippon Yusen
Kaisha's announcement of its intention to abolish.
its coaling station at Moji and to establish a base
for its European, Indian and Australian lines at
Nagasaki.
THE J. B. SANBORN CO.
Special Mercantile Agency ;-
The Railroad commission of Alabama, in special
session, rescinded its recent order of a reduction
COAL TRADE.
PUBLISHERS OF
The Coal Dealers' Blue Book \
Contains a Complete List for the United >
States and Canada of all Coal Operators, b
Shippers and Dealers, Gas Companies, Ele- ;
vators, Foundries, Mills, Iron Works, and i
all Manufacturers who buy Coal and Coke in
car load lots, with capital and pay ratings \
550 Monon Mldi_M40 D..rb.rn St.. '«*"""!?"• I
CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA r
on coal between Montgomery and Selma, pending
a decision of an application for a rehearing, which
has been filed by certain interests in Selma. The
commission recently ordered a reduction of 20
cents per ton on coal between Montgomery and
Selma. The original rate has been $1 per ton, but
the commission ordered that the rate be reduced
to SO cents. The case will be heard at the January
session.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY j
j MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
| SOUTH FORK, ([ "AKUYLh} 7 \ ] PENNSYLVANIA, j
! \ ^ SMOKELESS T //

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTMORELAND COAL CO.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE,
224 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLLIERY OWNERS, MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
THE STANDARD
WESTMORELAND COAL
MINES LOCATED IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.
This Coai is unexcelled for gas-making, both in illuminating and for producer work.
For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high-pressure
steaming, and In all places where a strong and pure fuel is required, it has no equal.
JAMES G. GEEGAN. GENERAL MANAOER F. J. MULLHOLAND. SALEI MANAOER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATIOIV FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BBLL 'PMONI, 2B17 COURT P&A 'PHONE, M 151
J. H. SANFORD COAL COIVIPANY
MINER* AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS :
Moistur. i.53 BEST FOR STEAM AMD
JSSeSST -•-'-•-• 11:11 DOMESTIC USES I
Ash 6.17 ' J
Sulphur 1.79
B. T. U. per pound of Dry Col, 13544.3 ° fficeS * ' 3 1 5 Park Building, PITTSBURGH.
_Htt.burEb Testing Laboratory, BeU phQ. ..^ 1822_1823_1824
J»s. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, JANUARY 15, 1914 No. 4
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1914, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
II. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAI, TRADE BULLETIN,
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone -'50 Grant.
1 Entered at the Post onice at Pittsburgh as
Second (.'lass .Mail Matter.]
QUIETNESS .MAULS THE COAL MARKET AT THIN TIME
and because of this mining is far from being near
capacity figures. Several reasons are advanced
for this, among them being the opening of the
year and manufacturers being engaged in the an­
nual yearly cleanup and adjustment, the mild
weather that prevailed up to within a few days
ago, the apathy in tbe iron and steel trade, and
the accumulated stocks at some distributing cen­
ters and in some mining* fields.
All these have had their effect. They have not
been offset by the cold wave that came out of the
west a few days since, nor the approaching miners'
convention with its subsequent wage scale con­
ference during this and next month. The stag­
nant tone that has characterized the market gen­
erally throughout the fortnight, however, seems to
be passing, and there are whispers of more active
conditions in the very near future. In the mean­
time the operating concerns are not working their
mines to such a degree as to produce a surplus
of coal, and this has had much to do with the
maintaining of prices.
The car supply, at this time, unlike so many
former years, is all that can be desired, and there
is no complaint in regard to it unless it is that
the smaller cars suitable for the small retail deal­
er's orders, are not in loo plentiful supply at some
one particular point.
The labor situation is one that is giving little
bother now, due to the curtailed operations of
the mines. This curtailment has for once, joined
hands with the holiday season and the result is
that the mines have all the men needed, and all
the men who want to work have employment.
This may seem anomalous, but tlie difference be­
tween the Gregorian and Julian calendars has
made it possible, and the operators, for once, aie
not lamenting the different church holidays.
In the Pittsburgh district conditions are much
the same as they are in other districts, with this
distinction. The period of stagnation seems to
have passed its lowest point and the pendulum
i.-, swinging on the upward curve once more. This
is the encouraging sign for the trade in the dis­
trict. Wirh this, and with the cold weather that
hit the district at the opening of the present week
there is a little brighter outlook to the trade.
The mines have not been working to near ca­
pacity, but by switching around, have managed
to keep the demand supplied, and thus have aided
materially in maintaining prices for coal of all
grades. There have been rumors of concessions,
but no one can pin them down to earth, while
there is no trouble of ascertaining the fact pro­
ducers are holding out for list figures when in­
quiry is made for tonnage. The trade, in the
Pittsburgh district, as elsewhere, is turning its
eyes toward Indianapolis, where, in less than a
week, the Mine Workers will assemble in conven­
tion. One of the important functions of this con­
vention will be the formulation of a wage scale for
the next two years. For this reason it assumes
a leading place in the tiade at this time. With
the cold weather, the upward turn in business that
seems here, and with the labor outlook Pitts­
burgh producers are determined in their mainte­
nance of card rates which are: $1.30 to $1.40 for
run-of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 lor three-quarter
coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-quarter coal,
and 90 cents to $1 for slack.

18 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The coke manufacturers for the initial week of centage of completion is given as of Dec. 1, 1913,
the year reported a considerable increase in pro­
the figures being obtained through the courtesy
of Col. Francis Sbunk, C. E. U. S. Army, who is
duction over the final one of 1913 and this has
in charge of the improvements in the Pittsburgh
the appearance of an upward trend in tbe trade. district. These figures while they show a con­
The merchant manufacturers are determined in siderable advance, also point out clearly that it
their stand for a reasonable price for their coke, will be at least a decade before the canalization
hence they are maintaining a stiff front for all
of the river is completed, unless the Congress
contractual tonnage, and a still stiffer one for
spot coke. The number of ovens in blast do not
show much of an increase, thus keeping tonnage
within the bounds of demand, which means no
coke going into stock piles. Tbe outlook is for
better business as the year giows older. Prices
are held firm at $2.5(1 to $2.75 for furnace coke
and $3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite trade suffered along with the
other branches by the mild weather at the open­
ing of the year, but the cold snap is expected to
boost the demand, as the domestic consumption
will show an increase with the lower tempera­
tures. In spite of the petty strikes, which con­
tinue, mines are making fairly good time, but
several weeks probably will elapse eie there is a
decided jump in tonnage figures. Prices show no
change.
* # *
DURING THE FORTNIGHT ONE OI THE MOST IMPORT­
ANT DECISIONS IN REGARD TO LABOR has been made by
the United States courts. This is in regard to
the famous Danbury Hatters case, so-called. The
court rules that labor organizations are amenable
to the Sherman law, and that they must abide by
its decisions. The court at the same time renders
a second verdict in favor of the employer, Loewe,
and against the Hatters organization. In line
with this decision is the announcement made by
the Central Pennsylvania coal operators that they
possibly may enter suits against the United Mine
Workers of that district for damages caused by
the hundred or more strikes that have occurred
during the contractual year just about to end.
Conferences are being held over this question, and
if the operators should decide finally to begin
legal proceedings, the outcome will he watched
with interest by the coal trade in particular and
by other industries as well.
* * *
OHIO RIVER IMPROVEMENTS ARE OF INTEREST TO
COAL OPERATORS of West Virginia and Western
Pennsylvania and of Ohio. The stains ot these
improvements is a subject concerning which there
is considerable inquiry. The latest publication
of the percentage of completion was made in 1911.
In this issue of Tin; COAL TRADE BULLETIN the per­
shall change its method of piecemeal appropriation'.
* * *
RILES HAVE BEEN PROMULGATED by the Pennsylvania
department of mines with the object in view
of reducing the number of accidents in the anthracite
mines of the state. The full text of these
rules appear in this issue of THE COAL TRADE BUL­
LETIN, and they will be found interesting in the
extreme. But all the rules in tbe world wili
avail but little until the liability of the human
machine to err is overcome, and this is unlikely
to be the case so long as man exists.
THE OHIO MIXING COMMISSION HAS MADE ITS RE­
PORT to Gov. COX, and has prepared bills as remedial
measures, as it sees them, to be presented
to the special session of the state legislature. The
report is entirely unsatisfactory to the operators
and they propose fighting the bills as far as possible.
Because of the interest that attaches to
this report and the proposed changes in the laws,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN prints the bills in full
in this issue, thus giving those interested an opportunity
to study them ere the legislature meets.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS •
The faithful followers of King Coal are packing
their baggage and soon the caravans will move
toward that Mecca of the coal man—tne Interstate
wage conference—if they have one.
* * *
Labor organizations are amenable to the Sherman
laws, says the United States court. And
right away suits for damages loom over the heads
of the officers.
Usually the coal man anathematizes the Latin
and Greek Christmases falling some days apart,
but this year it was one piece of luck that came
bis way.
* * *
The weather man sure must have looked up
that old saw, "As the days lengthen, the cold
strengthens."
* * *
Almost 200,000 idle cars in the United States
doesn't look as if the trade need hide a few in its
pockets to secure a sufficient supply at mines.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 19
j CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA OPERATORS MAY GO INTO COURT WITH
DAMAGE SUITS AGAINST MINE WORKERS
Coal operators, members of the Central Pennsylvania
Bituminous Coal Operators' Association,
may go into the courts to secure damages from
the United Mine Workers of America of the
Central Pennsylvania, or No. 2 district, because
of the numerous annoying petty strikes that
have occurred during the past year.
Recently the association sent to the district
officials of the Mine Workers a letter demanding
that the organization must live up to its con­
tracts (see COAL TRADE BULLETIN, January 2,
1914, page 41) and, receiving no reply save an
acknowledgment of its receipt, the association
met at Philadelphia, December 8, to consider the
matter. The result of the meeting is embodied
in the following letter sent out at its close:
The Association of Bituminous Coal Operators
of Central Pennsylvania held their regular annual
meeting at its office in the Betz building,
Philadelphia, Pa., January 8. Almost the entire
membership was in attendance. The tonnage
represented amounted to approximately 70,000,000
tons per annum. The meeting was not entirely
harmonious owing to the fact that there was a
strong disposition on the part of a number of
members to dissolve the association for the reason
that the United Mine Workers of America,
District No. 2, allowed their members to grossly
violate the present scale agreement. The argument
being that it was useless to make a contract
with a labor organization which willfully
violated its contract at its convenience and with
apparently no officials connected with such organization
with power to enforce the terms of
the contract. This situation was considerably
aggravated when the executive committee reported
to the meeting that on December 12, 1913,
that a meeting held in Philadelphia a communication
was prepared and submitted to Patrick
Gilday, president District No. 2, United Mine
Workers of America, calling attention to the
numerous violations of the contract on the part
of the miners and that the dissolution of the
association was seriously threatened by continuation
of such conduct and that up to date no
reply had been received by the association other
than a mere acknowledgment of the communication.
At the time the communication was addressed
to President Gilday closed shop strikes
were being enforced in the district, some of which
not only still exist but are being supported by
the United Mine Workers of America, in furnishing
the striking miners with relief funds. The
effort to smooth out the difficulty caused a motion
to be made to refer the matter of dissolu­
tion to the executive board of the association
and after a very heated discussion which indicated
a defeat of the motion, it was suggested
that under a recent decision of the United States
courts that labor organizations such as the
United Mine Workers of America, both as an
organization and individually, could be held
liable in damages resulting to the operators from
these violations and particularly from the closing
down of the mines on the closed shop proposition
which was prohibited by the terms of the
contract.
It was reported to the association that approximately
one hundred strikes have occurred
during the life of the contract in violation thereof,
a substantial number of which was based almost
entirely on the closed shop proposition and
it was only when the association agreed to the
appointment of a committee for the purpose of
listing all the strikes that occurred in violation
of the contract and ascertaining from each individual
operators the damage suffered by reason
thereof and to make report within 30 days of the
result of such investigation, together with such
recommendation as the committee deemed proper
towards instituting actions for the recovery of
damages, that the members of the Association
agreed to submit the question to the executive
board. This was considered quite a victory for
the members who advocated the continuation of
the association, but when it came up to the
executive board to take action, a surprise was
met with as a close vote resulted, seven voting
against and six for dissolution.
Tlie meeting was in session from 10:30 A. XI.
until six o'clock P. M., excluding an hour's adjournment
for lunch. The officers elected for
the ensuing year are as follows: President, I!.
M. Clark, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron
Co.; vice president, C. H, Rowland, president
Moshannon Coal Mining Co., Inc.; secretary and
treasurer, XV. R. Roberts. Executive Committee:
L. W. Robinson, president and general manager
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co., Punxsutawney,
Pa.; Rembrandt Peale, president Peale,
Peacock & Kerr, Inc., New York, N. Y.; R. A.
Hatfield, Hatfield & Hilles, Philadelphia, Pa.; C.
H. Rowland, president Moshannon Coal Mining
Co., Osceola Mills, Pa.; W. A. May, general manager
Northwestern Mining & Exchange Co.,
Scranton, Fa.; John Langdon. Huntingdon, Pa.;
Arthur M. Riddell, David E. Williams & Co., Altoona,
Pa.; F. A. Hill, resident manager Madeira,
Hill & Co., Inc., Pottsville, Pa.; J. B. Irish, Irish
Bros., Philadelphia, Pa., H. B. Douglas, vice presi-

2() THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
dent and general manager Clearfield Bituminous there was no agreement to hold another. This
Coal Cor., Clearfield, Pa.; W. R. Craig, chief en­ would seem to be disposed of by the motion passed
gineer and acting general superintendent Shaw­ during the closing hours of the Cleveland agreemut
Mining Co., St. Marys, Pa.; F. H. Wigton, ment. This motion, which was made by John
president Morrisdale Coal Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Walker of the Illinois miners, is as follows:
I. A. Boucher, general manager Logan Coal Co., "I move you that, there be a committee of eight
Beaverdale, Pa.; J. R. Caseley, Buffalo & Sus­ representing each side of this movement, together
quehanna Coal & Coke Co., Du Bois, Pa.; Horace with the International officers of our organiza­
A. Tompkins, president Portage Coal Mining Co., tion, meet some time in January prior to our next
Portage, Pa.
annual convention for the purpose of considering
the question of whether or not we will continue
working pending negotiations for the next agree­
TIME AND PLACE OF NEXT INTERSTATE
WAGE CONFERENCE AND QUESTION OF
WORKING AFTER MARCH 31 WITHOUT
A CONTRACT ARE BEFORE A SUB-COM­
MITTEE MEETING AT INDIANAPOLIS-
HARD NUTS TO CRACK JUST NOW—
MINERS' CONVENTION.
ment, and at the same time consider the question
of arrangements for the next joint conference
which will meet to negotiate the next contract,
the committee to have something ready in the way
of a report on this matter to be submitted to our
next international convention."
It will be practically impossible for the sub­
A sub-committee meeting begins at Indianapolis committee to reach an agreement satisfactory to
the morning ot January loth to determine when all parties on the question of continuing at work.
This matter will probably have to be left open.
and where the next Interstate Wage Conference is
In face of existing conditions in the trade, the sub­
to take place and if the mines are to continue at
committee will hardly prove to be a cut-and-dried
work after the end of March in the event ol an affair as there will be differences on all the busi­
agreement not being reached by that time. The ness before it.
wage agreements in practically all the bituminous The Pittsburgh operators will be represented
districts expire at that time. The current anthracite
agreement continues until the end of
March, 1910.
by President XV. K. Field, or Vice President John
Donaldson, or General Manager G. W. Schluederberg
of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., and Mr. J. H. Sanford
of the Carnegie Coal Co. representing the inde­
The sub-committee will meet in conformity to pendent operators. The Ohio operators will be
a motion passed at the last Interstate Wage Con­ represented by either Mr. E. A. Cole or Mr. G. C.
ference in Cleveland in March, 1912. The committee
is to be composed of two representatives
from each side from each of the four districts
Weitzell from the Hocking district, and Mr. C. E.
Maurer from Eastern Ohio. The Indiana operators
will be represented by Mr. Hugh Shirkey,
president of their association, and Mr. Phil H.
parties to the Interstate wage agreement, these Penna, their secretary. The Illinois operators
being Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and will lie represented by Mr. H. N. Taylor, or Mr.
Illinois. The international officers of the mineis' A. J. .Moorshead. or Mr. G. W. Traer of the Illinois
organization will also participate. The miners Coal Operators' Association, and by Mr. John Reese
of the several districts will be represented by or Mr. R. W. Ropiequet of the Fifth and Ninth
their presidents and vice presidents or secretaries, districts of Illinois.
while the operators will be represented in the The international executive board of the United
main by the spokesmen of the several districts Mine Workers of America will meet at headquar­
who were members of the sub-scale committee at ters on the 16th, the idea being to be on hand for
Cleveland.
any developments of the sub-committee meeting
With prospect of mine-run legislation being
enacted in Ohio by the legislature which convenes
and also to make arrangements for the international
convention of (he union which opens on the
the 19th and the chances that the mine-run ques- 20th. This convention will lie the largest in the
tion will be the issue at the forthcoming wage con­ union's history, it having been already announced
ference, some of the operators have been averse
to going into an interstate conference. This is
especially ti ue of the Ohio interests who are facing
the mine-run legislation, whic-h is imperilling the
very life of their industry. These operators at
at the organization's headquarters, where the tellers
are at work, that there will be over 1,750 delegates.
The paid-up membership of the U. M. W.
of A. on January 1st is announced to be 415,142.
first objected to going into the sub-committee pre­ The Elizabeth plant of the Unity-Connellsville
liminary meeting, contending that the last inter­ Coke Co., near Latrobe, Pa., is having a big crusher
state conference had adjourned sine die, and that and washer installed.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 21
THE COAL INDUSTRY IN THE STATE OF OHIO FOR THE YEAR 1913
From all advanced reports received from the
several coal mining districts in the state, the output
of coal produced bids fair to exceed the output
for any previous year since coal statistics were
first collected by the state in the year 1872, when
5,200,000 tons of coal was reported as being mined;
the tonnage for the year 1913 is estimated to
reach 37,500,000 tons, or an increase of about three
millions over the tonnage repoited for the year
1912, when the tonnage amounted to 34,444,291
tons, which at that time was the largest tonnage
recorded; in twelve years the tonnage has almost
doubled itself.
There will probably be very little change in the
number of persons engaged in the production of
coal during the year 1913, although there may be
an increase of 1,000 over the preceding year.
There was a shortage of labor in Jefferson ".ounty
during the month of November, but this was of
short duration as the weather moderated, and there
was somewhat of a cessation of the unusually
strong demand for coal at that time; this permitted
the coal companies to handle with satisfaction
the orders they had on hand, and there was therefore
no coal shortage which, for the time being,
seemed to be in siore for the users of this kind of
fuel.
The majority of large mines worked about full
time, and the miners experienced a
YEAR OF UNUSUAL PROSPERITY,
not only in time worked, but in wages accruing
from the steady demand for the product of their
labor.
The usual drawback ol car supply manifested
itself during the months of October and November,
and bid fair to prove a severe handicap to the
trade, and this would undoubtedly have been the
result but for the moderating weather which ihe
month of December brought. This condition alleviated
what might have been a severe shortage in
fuel supply, for which, during the early fail, there
was an unusual demand, and had the car shortage
continued for any length of time, would have only
added to an already somewhat serious situation
The Hocking district will show an increase in
tonnage; the mines of this district worked steady
for the first nine months; about Oct. 1 a car shortage
set in and since that time they have worked
about half time* up until about Dec. 6, when conditions
changed and work was again good.
The Eastern Ohio district will show a large increase,
as the mines worked full time, and there
were no cessations except for repairs and improve­
Compiled by Division ol Mines, Industrial Commission of Ohio
ments such as the building of tipples, and the installation
of larger ventilating equipments.
In Jackson county the tonnage will compare favorably
with that of 1912; the supply of cars was
better than in former years; the D. T. & I. Ry..
which formerly had its drawbacks, gave better service
this year.
Lawrence county will show a large increase in
output over the years 1911 and 1912; at that time
the large producing mines wera on a strike; this
was settled in Nov., 1912, and since that time they
worked fairly well; it is estimated that the tonnage
of 1912 which was 88,000 tons, will probably
be increased to over 200,000 tons. The coal in
this county is practically all run-of-mine.
The Massillon district, according to advance reports,
will not come up to the year 1912; there
was a car shortage in this distiict also for more
than two months, and the mines as a rule worked
about two-thirds time.
The Crooksville district is reported as showing
an increase, and the
.MINES WORKED STEADIER
than any other year, but a shortage of cars developed
in September, and tbe mines for two
months worked about half time.
The Cambridge district, taking as the standard
one of the largest coal producing companies, will
show increases, notwithstanding the severe handicap
of the floods, high waters, etc.; it is estimated
that this company also will show an increase of
500,000 tons over the year 1912; there was also a
car shortage in this district during the month oi
November on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, but
at the present time the mines are operating on
good time.
The Tuscarawas district mines, with but few
exceptions, worked well. At one time during the
spring cars became scarce for about five or six
weeks, when the supply became normal, and everything
went well until October, when a shortage
again manifested itself, noticeably on the Baltimore
& Ohio. The Pennsylvania gave much better
car service, but the mines located on this road
only worked four days a week for several weeks.
However, it is estimated, that the tonnage of this
district will show an increase of from 10 to 12 per
cent, over the year 1912.
The tonnage of Muskingum county is estimated
to be about the same as for the year 1912; the
car service, with but few- exceptions, was good;
the flood was a severe handicap to the mines of
this county, and caused them to be idle for a long

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
period of time; however, the mines that were not
so affected, operated on better time than the previous
year.
The year 1913, will record a larger number of
fatal accidents than any year since the creation
of the Mining department; while it is true that
there will undoubtedly be a much larger increase
in tonnage, the accidents have increased out of all
proportion to what they should; the mining of
coal is an occupation in which there is bound to
be more or less fatalities, yet there are conditions
which could be corrected, which would tend to
lessen this reckless loss of life, chief of which is
more care on part of the miner in working under
loose and dangerous roof, known to be unsafe,
and the maintenance of
STRICTER DISCIPLINE IN .MINES,
which would prevent persons from jumping on and
off fast moving trips of mine cars, and in some
instances, the desire to install too hurriedly, improvements
in mine equipment and operation. To
the latter cause was attributed the death of 14
miners killed outright, and the death of one person,
a rescuer. This explosion occurred in the
Imperial No. 3 mine, operated by the Imperial
.Mining Co., Noble county, 0., on the evening of
May 17, 1913, between the hours of six and seven,
at which time 27 men were in the mine. Work
was being rushed for the completion of a newmotor
road, and according to testimony given at
the coroner's inquest, no inspection had been made
of tbe working places by the fire boss, and a
workman is supposed to have entered one of the
rooms with an open light, igniting a body of gas
which had accumulated on account of the ventilation
having been cut off, due to the repairs which
were being made.
Another accident of unusual cause occurred at
the Jefferson Mine No. 3 at Piney Fork, Jefferson
county, O., on the morning of June 16, which
resulted later in the death of four persons who
were burned severly by the explosion of a keg
of powder. The date of the accident was powder
morning, and one of the loaders had a keg of
powder in one of the mine cars sitting on the top
of it, waiting for the car to be take into the mine;
several other men were also waiting to be taken
in; a loader in throwing his auger into the car,
struck the keg of powder with its prong, which
raised the rear part of the auger to the trolley
wire, which was charged with electricty, causing
a short circuit, and an explosion took place. Sixteen
(16) men were injured, four fatally and their
death occurred in a period of two weeks after the
accident.
The fatal accidents up to Dec. 23 numbered 163,
or an approximate total of 179 for the year. This
would represent an increase of 25 per cent, over
the number of fatalities reported during 1912,
when 136 were reported. Of this number over
80 were due to falls of roof and coal; 10 to shocks
from electricity; 28 were due to mine cars, an
increase of 110 per cent.; six (6) were due to explosions
of powder; 15 to explosions of gas; from
mining machines and motors, 5; and to miscellaneous
causes, 7; falls of roof and coal will show
a decrease in number as compared with the year
1912.
Two mine fires occurred at two of the large
producing mines of the state during the year,
but with good management and
CAREFUL JUDGMENT
used, no serious effects were caused by either,
except the loss of the operation of both of them,
necessitated by the complete sealing of them.
The first occurred at the New Pittsburgh No. 7
mine, which was supposed to have originated from
a short circuit on the trolley line, caused by a fall
of roof. Arrangements were made immediately
after locating the fire to seal the mine, which
was effectively completed in about four days' time.
The fire originated March 30, and on June 7
arrangements were completed for re-opening the
sealed portion of the lire territory; while no fire
was discovered, an excessive heat was found in
the fire zone, and it was decided to re-seal the territory.
Nov. 29, another inspection was made of
this territory, and the fire found to have been
entirely extinguished, and permission was given
to go to work and clean up this portion of the
mine with the use of open lights.
The second mine fire occurred at Mine 301
operated by the Sunday Creek Co., of Columbus,
and located in Perry county, O., on Nov. 1. This
fire was located about 1,000 feet from the main
opening, and it was considered useless to try to
extinguish it. and work was begun at once to
seal it and allow it to smother out. While the
work of sealing the mine was in progress, several
explosions took place, and the work was considered
too dangerous and hazardous to continue.
Orders were then given to commence to seal the
mine from the outside, as it was connected with
Mine 302 operated by the same company, and was
threatening to endanger that property also; this
work was temporarily done on the night of Nov.
9, and the permanent stoppings were completed
on the inside on Nov. 12.
The general assembly of the year 1913. provided
funds for the purpose of purchasing and
equipping a mine rescue ear for emergency use in
case of mine explosions, fires originating in mines,
or for any emergency that might arise whereby
such a car would be of the utmost importance,
and arrangements have already been completed,
and the early part of the year 1914, will in all
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 60)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
STATUS OF OHIO RIVER IMPROVEMENTS AS SHOWN BY UNITED
STATES ENGINEER'S REPORT
Inquiry having been made regarding the status
of the improvements in the Ohio river, THE COAL
TRADE BULLETIN prints below the official data
on this work as taken from the records of Col.
Francis Shunk, U. E. Engineer, Pittsburgh, December
1, 1913.
The list shows official number of dam, distance
below Pittsburgh, nearest railroad station or town
to site, and status of work:
No. 1—4.7 miles. Bellevue, Pa., Davis Island
dam, completed and in operation.
No. 2—9 miles, Glenfield, Pa„
dam, completed and in operation.
No. 3—10.9 miles, Glen Osborne,
and in operation.
No. 4—18.6 miles Legionville,
and in operation.
No. 5—23.9 miles. Freedom, Pa.
in operation.
Neville Island
Pa., completed
Pa completed
completed and
No. 6—28.8 miles, Merrill, Pa., Beaver dam. completed
and in operation.
No. 7—36.9 miles. Midland, Pa., under construction
by contract, about 85 per cent, completed.
No. 8—46.1 miles, Wellsville, 0., completed and
in operation.
No. 9—55.6 miles, New Cumberland, W. Va., under
construction by contract, about 92 per cent.
completed.
No. 10—65.7 miles, Steubenville, 0., under construction
by contract, about 41 per cent, completed.
No. 11—76.3 miles, Wellsburg, W. Va., completed
and in operation.
No. 12—87 miles, Wheeling, W. Va.. under construction
by contract, about 49 per cent, completed.
No. 13—95.8 miles, McMechen, XV. Va., completed
and in operation.
No. 14—113.8 miles, Woodland, W. Va., under construction
by contract, about 34 per cent, completed.
No. 15—128.9 miles, two miles below- New Martinsville,
W. Va., under construction by contract,
about 58 per cent, completed.
No. 16—146.4 miles, S l 2 miles below Sistersville,
W. Va., near New Matamoras. 0., under construction
by contract made in 1913, probably completed
and in operation in 1918.
No. 17—167.4 miles, two miles below Waverly,
W. Va., under construction by contract made in
1913, probably completed and in operation in 1918.
No. 18—179.3 miles, Constitution, 0., Marietta
harbor, eight miles below- Marietta, 0., completed
and in operation.
No. 19—191.4 miles, Little Hocking, 0., Parkersburg
harbor, eight miles below Parkersburg, W.
Va., tinder construction by contract, about 62 per
cent, completed.
No. 20—201.7 miles, Belleville, W. Va., under
construction by contract, about 50 per cent, completed.
No. 21—213.S miles, Buffington Island, five tniles
above Ravenswood, W r . Va., land purchased and
plans prepared, funds for construction not available.
No. 22—220.1 miles, two miles below Ravenswood,
XV. Va., land purchased and plans prepared,
funds for construction not available.
No. 23—230.6 miles, 1 (L. miles above Millwood,
W. Va., land purchased and plans prepared, funds
for construction not available.
No. 24—242 miles, one mile below Racine, O.,
under construction by contract made in 1913, probably
completed and in operation in 1918.
No. 25—260 miles, four miles below Point Pleasant,
XV. Va.. land purchased and plans prepared,
funds for construction not available.
No. 26—278 miles, Hogsett, W. Va., now rebuilding
by hired labor, probably completed and in operation
in 1915.
No. 27—300.3 miles. Crown City, O., land purchased
and plans prepared, funds for construction
not available.
No. 28—309 miles, two miles below Huntington,
XV. Va., under construction by hired labor, probably
completed and in operation in 1915.
No. 29—319.4 miles, two miles below Ashland,
Ky., under construction by contract, about 53 per
cent, completed.
No. 30—338.9 miles, six miles below Greenup,
Ky., purchase of land in progress, funds for construction
not available
No. 31—358.4 miles, five miles below Portsmouth,
O., under construction by contract, about 9 per
cent, completed.
No. 32—3S3.7 miles, three miles below Concord,
Ky., purchase of land in progress, funds for construction
not available.
No. 33—404 miles, four miles above Maysville,
Ky., purchase of land in progress, funds for construction
not available.
No. 34—432.8 miles, Chilo, O., purchase of land in
progress, funds for construction not available.
No. 35—449.7 miles, four miles below Richmond,
O., under construction by contract made in 1913.
probably completed and in operation in 1918.
No. 36—459.5 miles, California, O.. six miles
above Cincinnati, O., land not yet purchased, funds
for construction not available.
No. 37—481.3 miles, Saylers Park, O., 12 miles
.1

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
below Cincinnati, 0., Cincinnati harbor, completed
and in operation.
No. 3S—501.3 miles. Rising Sun, lnd., negotiations
for land in progress, funds for construction
not available.
No. 39—529.6 miles, three miles above Vevay,
lnd., advertised, no bids, construction to be by
hired labor, probably completed in 191S.
No. 40—553.6 miles, Madison, lnd., land purchased,
construction deferred, funds for construction
not available.
No. 41—604 miles, Louisville, Ky,, lock under
construction by contract, about 37 per cent, completed,
widening of canal under construction by
contract, about 22 per cent, completed.
No. 42—623 miles. West Point, Ky., eliminated
in new arrangement of series between Louisville
and Evansville.
No. 43—652 miles, two miles below Amsterdam,
lnd., new site adopted, purchase of land in progress,
to be built by hired labor, actual construction
to begin in 1914.
No. 44—676 miles, two miles below Leavenworth,
lnd., site adopted, funds for construction
not available.
No. 45—699.7 miles, five miles below Cloversport,
Ky., purchase of land in progress, funds for
construction not available.
No. 46—748.5 miles, Owensboro, Ky., purchase of
land in progress, funds for construction not available.
No. 47—771.3 miles, two miles below Newburg,
lnd., site adopted, funds for construction not available.
No. 4S—804.1 miles, 10 miles below Henderson,
Ky., near Tobacco Patch, under construction by
contract, about 25 per cent, completed.
No. 49—830.5 miles, one mile above Uniontown,
Ky., site adopted, funds for construction not available.
No. 50—859.6 miles, one mile above Caseyville,
Ky., site adopted, funds for construction not available.
No. 51—S76.9 miles, Elizabethtown, 111., site
adopted, funds for construction not available.
No. 52—912.4 miles, eight miles above Paducah,
Ky., near Smithland, Ky., purchase of land in progress,
funds for construction not available.
No. 53—945.2 miles, 10 miles above Mound City,
111., purchase of land in progress, funds for construction
net available.
No. 54—961.6 miles. This dam is the lowest in
the series and will be situated near Mound City,
111., site adopted, funds for construction not available.
The table shows that since the report published
in THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, of Aug. 1, 1911, page
27, actual construction has been started on Dams
10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 24, 28, 29, 31, 35, 39 and 48,
and that the necessary land has been or is being
purchased for dams Nos. 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32,
33, 34, 38, 40, 43, 45, 46, 52 and 53.
The dams nearest completion and which probably
will be completed during the present year are
Nos. 7 and 9, which will extend the continuous
pools from the Pittsburgh harbor to New Cumberland,
W. Va., a distance of 55.6 miles.
The dams which are half completed or over are
Nos. 15, 19, 20 and 29.
HEBER DENMAN BECOMES ASSISTANT
GENERAL MANAGER OF THE BERWIND-
WHITE COMPANY AT WINDBER.
A now office has been created by the Berwind-
White Coal Mining Co. at Windber, Pa. Mr.
Heber Denman has become assistant general manager,
under Mr. Thomas Fisher, the general manager.
Mr. Denman is well qualified for his work.
He was at Windber with the Berwind interests
when the operations were begun there and the
town was founded, and since then has engaged in
an independent coal mining* enterprise in Oklahoma.
ANTHRACITE COMPANIES TO
ERECT BARRIER PILLARS.
Officials of the Lackawanna Coal Co. and of the
People's Coal Co. have reached an agreement
whereby the two companies will jointly bear the
expense of placing eight miles of barrier pillars
in the mine workings under West Scranton, Pa.,
for the purpose of separating the mine interests
of the Lackawanna company from those of the
People's company.
The barriers will be 100 feet wide in each of the
10 veins which have been mined and when they
are completed the territory inside the space
around which the barriers will be erected will be
the territory owned by the People's Coal Co., while
the portion lying outside of the barriers will be
that owned by the Lackawanna company.
The negotiations between the railroad company
officials and those of the coal company have been
pending for some time and grow out of the recent
litigation between the two companies. The
work, according to mine engineers, will take several
vears. The companies will share the expense
of the work.
Each barrier pillar will be built of rock, rock
refuse and culm, which will absolutely insure the
permanency of the barrier pillars.
The paid up membership of the United Mine
Workers on Dec. 31, 1913, was 415,142.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
OHIO COAL MINING COMMISSION MAKES REPORT TO GOVERNOR AND j
DRAFTS LAWS TO CARRY OUT ITS RECOMMENDATIONS \
The Ohio Coal Mining Commission, appointed
by Gov. James M. Cox, under the terms of the
Joint Resolution adopted by the last session of
the Legislature "to investigate and report an
equitable method of weighing coal at the mines
when the employes are to be paid for their labor
on the basis of weight, measure or quantity and
that will at the same time be to the best interest
of the consumers and protect the coal measures of
the States," submitted its report recently.
The report is an exhaustive one, covering all
told 70 pages. In Part I the Commission goes
into the origin of coal, the coal resources of Ohio,
coal seams of Ohio, methods of mining and the
conservation of coal, and the different systems
of mining, and then reaches these conclusions and
recommendations:
"The conclusions which the Commission has
reached in the study of the present methods of
mining coal in Ohio are that these methods are
extremely wasteful of coal and that in the interest
of conservation they should be changed. Our
description of the panel system has been given
with the view of showing that it Is both possible
and practicable to adopt a system under which,
without any permanent increase in the cost of
operation, a much larger percentage of coal could
be taken out of the mine than is now being extracted.
"It is not our intention to recommend that any
one system of mining be directly required by
legislation on this subject. Any attempt to write
a system of mining into the Ohio laws would encounter
difficulties due to varying conditions in
different seams of coal and in different parts of
the state which would make such laws extremely
hard to enforce. Many mines now operating could
not conform to such legislation, and others which
might be able to conform could do so only at an
expense that would be out of proportion to the
benefits which their owners would gain from the
adoption of the new system,
"What we do recommend is that the whole system
of operating mines in Ohio be placed under
the direct supervision of the Industrial Commission
of Ohio, and that said Commission be empowered
to require that such changes in the
present system of mining be made as shall lead
to the greatest possible
CONSERVATION OF OUR COAL
resources and to the diminution of the number
of accidents due to the present system.
"There should, in the opinion of the members
of this Commission, be created under the Industrial
Commission of Ohio a Bureau of Mines ancl
Mining, made up of men having a thorough
knowledge of mining conditions, including one
or more mining engineers of wide experience as
well as one or more men having a thorough knowledge
of the practical side of mine operations. To
this Bureau should be submitted the maps and
working plans of all mines being operated or to
be operated in the State of Ohio. The members
of this Bureau should make a thorough investigation
of the plans submitted to them and of the
geological and other condition under which the
mines must be operated, and they should submit
plans and recommendations to the Industrial Commission
intended to place every mine under such
conditions as would bring about the greatest conservation
of coal which is possible under given
conditions. Due attention should of course be
given to the commercial conditions under which
operators of Ohio are obliged to operate their
mines owing to the competitive conditions arising
from the operation of mines in other states.
"These plans and recommendations of the Bureau
should be submitted not only to the Industrial
Commission but also to the owners or operators
of the mine affected. Before any order
is issued requiring that a given mine be operated
on lines laid down by the Bureau of Mines and
Mining, the operator should be given a hearing
before the Commission and be allowed to state
fully any objections to the adoption of the plans
proposed or any modifications which he thinks
necessary to be made in such plans. The objections
and possible modifications should be considered
by the Commission before giving its approval
or disapproval to the plans submitted by
the Bureau of Mines and Mining, and its orders
should cover such modifications or changes as it
may seem desirable to make in the interest of all
parties concerned, the operators and niiners as
well as the consumers of coal.
"Such a system of supervision would be no different
from that which is now being exercised by
the Pocahontas Coal and Coke Co. in connection
with the leases granted by that company to mining
companies operating on its lands in West Virginia.
All mines must be
OPERATE. UNDER LEASES
which permit such a degress of supervision by the
leasing company as is necessary to bring out all
or substantially all of the coal underground. In
spite of this supervision, the mines operating
under these leases are competing successfully, not
only with West Virginia mines which are not subject
to the same restrictions, but also with mines

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
in Ohio and other states which sell their coal in
the same markets.
"The companies operating under these leases
are also doing, in some cases at least, everything
in their power to prevent accidents to the miners
and other employes engaged Vn the mines. Nowhere
has this Commission seen such elaborate
and complete precautions taken to prevent accidents
as are to be found in the mines operated
under these leases by the United States Steel Corporation
at Gary, West Virginia. At all of the
mines of this company, the rule that "safety is
the first consideration" is constantly forced upon
the attention of all employes of the company and
everything which the company can do to prevent
accidents is being done. We shall have occasion
elsewhere in this Report to call attention to some
of the things being done by the United States
Steel Corporation to prevent accidents, and which
might well be adopted in Ohio.
"Our present purpose in calling attention to the
conditions under which this company and other
companies are operating mines is to show that
conservation of coal can be secured in Ohio by
means of strict supervision of mining operations
and that there is no difference, so far as its effect
upon the cost of production is concerned, between
supervision by a private company, leasing its
mining properties, and that which could be imposed
by a State Government interested in preserving
its natural resources as well as the health
and safety of the laborers working in its mines."
In Part 11 the Commission discusses the increase
in the number of accidents, need of safety
foremen, efficiency tests for miners, and solid
shooting. In Part III the screened coal vs. mine
run system of payment is treated of which a hissory
of the controversy, unusual character of the
miners' demands, the miners' objection to the
present system, the operators' objection to the
mine run system and then announces these con
elusions and recommendations:
"To what conclusions now has the Commission
arrived as a result of its attempt to balance these
arguments for and against a change in the present
SYSTEM 01*' WEIGHING COAL
and paying for the labor employed in mining and
loading it?
"1. It is the belief of the Commission that the
present mode of payment by which the miners
and loaders are paid on the basis of only a part
of their saleable product is not an equitable one.
We express no opinion as to the proper rate or
amount of the wages of miners, but we consider
that the method of measuring the amount of their
payment is wrong. Doubtless the principle was
correct at the time of its adoption, for at that
time only that part of the coal which passed over
the screen was sold. Today it is all sold, and
although, when the wage scale Is fixed, this is
taken into account, the assumption on which the
rate of pay is fixed, viz. that a certain fixed percentage
of the coal passes through the screen,
is an assumption which does not correspond to
the facts. For that reason the present system is
responsible for inequalities in the pay given to
miners for the same amount of work in different
districts and in different mines in the same district
and, to a slight extent, in different rooms
in the same mine.
•Such a system is bound to cause discontent,
especially when coupled with the fact that many
miners actually believe that they are not being
paid for any of the coal which passes through
the screen. The contracts, it is true, make allowance
for the fine coal, but only a very few of the
men employed in the mines have anything directly
to do with the making of such contracts. Many
of the miners are new arrivals in this country and
know nothing of the reasons which led to the
making of a contract to pay for coal on a screenedceal
basis. They only know that their pay is
measured by the amount of coal which passes
over the screen and yet they see carload after
carload of fine coal being sold which has been
produced by their labor and for which they imagine
they have received no pay whatever. In
order to remove these inequalities and to allay
discontent, we feel that the present method of
basing the miners' and loaders' pay on the amount
of screened-coal which they have produced should
be abandoned.
"2. When we turn to a consideration of the
mine-rune system of measuring the amount of
payment, which is the system employed in many
states and which is the system the miners desire
to have adopted by law in Ohio, we encounter
the operators' objections to such a system, based
on the notion that there would be a great increase
in the amount of impurities and fine coal sent
out of the mine under such a system.
"We are inclined to give full weight to their
objections insofar as they relate to a probable
increase in the amount of impurities. The experience
of other states, especially that of Illinois
and Arkansas, shows these
OBJECTIONS TO HE REAL.
If the mine-run system of payment is to be adopted
by law, it should apply only to clean coal, i. e.,
eoal cleaned in such a way that the operator is
able to market it.
"We are also convinced that there would be a
great increase in the amount of fine coal in colidshooting
mines, if the mine-run system were
adopted, and for this reason and because it would
reduce the number of accidents, we recommend
that solid shooting be prohibited by law, except

in those mines where it appears to be absolutely
necessary to continue the practice.
"In those mines where the coal is undercut by
pick or machine—and this includes not far from
ninety-five per cent, of all Ohio mines—we also
believe that there would be some increase in the
amount of fine eoal. Some of this increase would
be warranted and would be in the interests of
conservation. There would be an incentive for
the miner to put in his mine ear the fine coal
which he is obliged by law to send out of the
mine but which is now in part left underground
because the miner realizes that under the present
system he is not paid for this coal. It also seems
probable that the miner would be more willing to
draw thin pillars whieli. as we have said, contain
more fine coal than is mined in the rooms, and
that he would consent to work in certain portions
of some mines where the coal is in a crushed con­
dition and where he today refuses to work, be­
cause he claims he cannot earn a full day's pay.
"As to whether or not the adoption of the mine-
run system would cause miners to shoot their
coal harder, even when the coal was undercut,
and thus would result in an increase in the
amount of fine coal, we are unable to determine
in light of conflicting testimony which we have
received on this point. It would appear to be
the part of wisdom to provide safe-guards for the
mine owners, which shall operate in case their
fears in regard to this matter are realized, but
the restrictions on the miners need not be so care­
fully defined nor enforced by the same penalties
as in the case of the impurities.
"Accompanying this Report will be found the
drafts of several suggested bills which cover the
various recommendations made by this Commis­
sion."
The proposed measures the Commission would
have enacted are:
NUMBER ONE.
A BILL
To supplement section 936 of the General Code
and to conserve the mineral resources of the
state by requiring plans of proposed mining op­
erations to be first submitted to The Industrial
Commissions for its approval.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the
State of Ohio:
That section 936 of the General Code be sup­
plemented by the enactment of sections 936-1,
936-2, 936-3, 936-4, 936-5 and 936-6 to read as fol­
lows:
Sec. 936-1. Every person engaged in the opera­
tion of a coal mine in this state shall cause the
same to be operated by the double panel system,
the single panel system, the long wall retreating
system or the long wall advancing system or some
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
such other system or combination or modification
of such systems as:
1. will result ill the least ultimate waste and
loss of the coal deposits therein and will best
conserve the same;
2. will best protect and preserve tin* health,
safety and welfare of the persons employed therein;
and
3. will permit such mine to he operated at a
fair and reasonable profit.
Sec. 936-2. The owner, lessee or agent of each
mine, shall, semi-annually and in the same man­
ner as required by the provisions of section 936
of the General Code, fib- with Tin* Industrial
Commission of Ohio, for its approval, duplicate
copies of an accurate map on a scale of not more
than two hundred feet to the inch, which map
shall show clearly delineated thereon all the pro
posed excavations and workings which are to be
made in such mine during the six months im­
mediately succeeding the date of such filing. Such
map shall bear endorsed thereon the certificate
of the engineer making the same and of the mine
foreman in charge of such mine at the time of
such filing, which certificate
SHALL HE ACKNOWLEDGED
by such persons before a notary public in the following
form:
I niining engineer of
hereby certify thai this
map is correct and shows all the excavations and
workings which are proposed to be made in such
mine during the six months beginning
I mine foreman of ....
hereby certify that I have carefully
examined this map and it correctly repre­
sents the excavations and workings which are proposed
to be made in such mini* during the six
months beginning
The State of Ohio, l
t ss.
County. |
Be it remembered that on this
day of 19 before me,
a notary public in and for the county and state
aforesaid, personally appeared the above named
and and
acknowledged the signing by them of the above
certificates to be their free and voluntary act.
Notary Public.
In the event that such proposed excavations
and workings receive the approval of such In­
dustrial Commission, that Commission shall make
and enter on its records such an order as is just,
reasonable and proper and shall cause such ap­
proval to be noted in writing on one of such
copies of maps and shall forthwith return such

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
copy to the person by whom the same was filed.
From and after the taking effect of this act no
owner, lessee or agent of any mine, shall cause
or permit any work to be done or excavations to
be made therein unless in carrying out the details
of and in strict accordance with the proposed
excavations or workings as shown on the
map above provided for and as approved by such
Industrial Commission.
936-3. Whoever as owner, lessee, or agent, desires
to open a new mine, shall, at least thirty
days before beginning operations thereon, file with
The Industrial Commission of Ohio, for its approval,
duplicate copies of an accurate map on
the scale provided for in the preceding section,
showing the location of such proposed mine and
also showing clearly delineated thereon all the
proposed excavations and workings which are
to be made therein during the six months immediately
succeeding the date of such filing. Such
map shall bear endorsed thereon a certificate made
by the same persons and of the
SAME GENERAL FORM
as that provided for on the map mentioned in
the preceding section. In the event that such
proposed location, excavations and workings receive
the approval of The Industrial Commission,
that Commission shall make and enter on its
records such order as is just, reasonable and
proper and shall cause such approval to be noted
in writing on one of such copies of maps and shall
forthwith return such copy to the persons by
whom the same was filed. From and after the
taking effect of this act no person shall cause or
permit any new mine to be opened or any work
to be done or excavation to be made therein unless
in carrying out the details of and in strict
accordance with the proposed opening, excavations
or workings, as shown on the map provided for
in this section ancl as approved by such Industrial
Commission.
Sec. 936-4. In the event that The Industrial
Commission finds that the proposed opening, excavations
or workings, as delineated on any such
map filed under the provisions of section 936-2
or 936-3 are not such as will accomplish the ends
prescribed in section 936-1, it shall make and
er. L _r on its records such an order of disapproval
in the premises as is just and reasonable. It
shall also forthwith return the duplicate copies
of maps provided for to the person by whom the
same were filed and along with them furnish to
such person a statement showing the changes
whch must be made in the plans for such proposed
locations, excavations or workings before
the same will receive the approval of the Commission
; or, for the better information and
guidance of the persons interested, the Commission
may furnish along with such statement such
a revised set of maps or plans to be
used in the operation of such as will in
the opinion of the Commission best accomplish
the purposes of this act. Llnitl such
changes have been made and maps showing
such amended locations, excavations or workings
filed and approved as provided in said sections,
no work shall be done or permitted to be
clone on any new location, excavation or working
which did not theretofore appear on some such
map of said mine filed with and approved by such
Commission.
Sec. 936-5. When any owner, lessee or agent
of a mine desires at any time to deviate from
any plan of working the same which has been
approved by the Industrial Commission as herein
provided he may file a written application therefor
with such Commission in which he shall
specify clearly the location,
NATURE AND EXTENT
of such proposed deviation and thereupon such
Commission, if it finds such deviation reasonable
or necessary for the proper and profitable operation
of such mine, shall make an order approving
the same, which order shall be made and entered
as other orders of such Commission and shall have
the same force and effect as the other orders pro
vided for in this act.
Sec. 936-6. Whoever shall fail to comply with
the provisions of the four preceding sections
herein or shall alter any of such maps after the
same have been approved by The Industrial Commission
or shall cause or permit any workings or
excavations to be made in any mine other than
as shown on such maps and as approved by such
Commission, unless such deviation from such approved
plans shall first have been approved in
the manner provided for in section 936-5, shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not
less than twenty-five dollars nor more than five
hundred dollars, and each day a mine is operated
in violation of any of the provisions of the five
preceding sections shall be considered as constituting
a separate offense.
NUMBER TWO.
A BILL.
A bill to amend sections 954, 965, 974-3 ancl 976
of the General Code, defining the duties of
safety foremen of mines.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the
State of Ohio:
Section 1. That sections 954, 965, 974-2 and 976
of the General Code be amended to read as follows:
Sec. 954. The owner, lessee or agent of a mine
employing more than ten men, whose duty is to
mine and load coal, shall provide a safety foreman,
and each owner, lessee or agent, employing
more than thirty-five such workmen, shall, for

each additional twenty-five such men, provide an
additional safety foreman. Such safety foreman
shall have had not less than five years' practical
experience as a miner. He must be a citizen of
the state, must have a knowledge of all laws relating
to the safety of the persons under his control
and shall not have charge of more than thirtyfive
at any one time. It shall be his duty to visit
all working places under his charge each morning
before the miners under him enter the same
and as often thereafter as may be necessary to
supervise the safety and care of each such working
place. When leaving at night he shall leave
with the person or persons in charge of such mine
all necessary and proper notices and instructions
for the information, protection and safety of any
night men who may be employed therein. He
shall instruct and supervise proper timbering of
each working place. and see that all loose coal,
slate and rock, overhead in the working places
and along the haul ways, be removed or carefully
secured so as to prevent danger in working places
and haulage ways under his charge, and that sufficient
props, caps and timbers are furnished as
are prescribed by the mining laws. He shall instruct
each inexperienced miner or loader committed
to his care as to the particular dangers
incident to his work in such mine and furnish
him a copy of the mining code of this state and
the rules governing the operation of mines. Such
safety foreman shall also supervise the blasting
in all places under his control in such manner
as to promote safety and good worxmanship in
the preparation of the coal. He shall perform all
such duties, not inconsistent with those required
of him as safety foreman, as he may be directed
to do by the mine boss or mine foreman. He shall
devote all of the time for which he is employed
to the territory in which the men under his control
are employed, and shall not absent himself
therefrom for over one hour at any one time unless
he has first notified the
MINE BOSS OR MINE FOREMAN
of the necessity of his absence so that his
place can be filled by a competent person. He
shall have the same power as a deputy mine inspector
to arrest or prosecute any person or p.r
sons disobeying any law or any order of the Ii.
dustrial Commission relative to the niining of
coal. Nothing in the foregoing shall prohibit or
prevent a mine boss, mine foreman or fire boss
from fulfilling the duties of safety foreman.
Sec. 965. Each person desiring to work by himself
at mining or loading, shall first produce satisfactory
evidence, in writing, to the mine fireman
of the mine in which he is employed, or to be
employed, that he has worked at least nine months
with, under the direction of, or as a practical
miner; provided, however, if the mine in which
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
such person is to be employed generates explo
sive gas, or fire-damp, he shall have worked not
less than twelve months with, under the direction
of, or as a practical miner. Except as hereinafter
provided, until a person has so satisfied
the mine foreman of his competency, he shall no'
work, or be permitted to work at mining or loading
unless accompanied by a competent miner.
The provisions of this section shall not prohibit
a person not so qualified from working in a mine
by himself, or with another inexperienced person,
when such person or persons work under the
direction of a competent * * * safety foreman,
as hereinafter prescribed. Until such person
or persons have been employed in a mine
for a period of not less than three months, the
* * * safety foreman shall visit the working
place of such persons not less frequently than
once in each four hours that such persons are
in the mine, and instruct them as to their work
and safety, and assist them in caring for their
safety. After such persons have been employed
in a mine for a period of three months, and until
they have been employed not less than six
months, the * * * safety foreman shall examine
the working place not less frequently than
once during each six hours that such persons are
in the mine, and shall instruct them as to their
work and safety, and assist them in caring for
their safety. After such persons have been employed
in a mine for a period of not less than
six months, the * * * safety foreman shall
examine the working place not less than onceeach
day until such persons become qualified by
having worked the period of time hereinbefore
provided. The * * * safety foreman shall instruct
such persons not to handle or use any
explosive, except in his presence, until they have
been employed in a mine not less than three
months, and not then until he is satisfied that
such persons are fully
COMPETENT TO HANDLE
and use same with safety. The * * * safety foreman
shall visit the workng place of such persons
oftener than required herein, when, in his
judgment, it is necessary to do so i'or the proper
safety of such persons.
Sec. 974-2. No person shall use in any mine
any other illuminant than those provided for in
sections 974 and 974-1 of the General Code, unless
with the consent of the * * * Industrial Commission
of Ohio.
Sec. 976. Any county coronor who, after receiving
notice of a fatal accident, or of an accident
which has resulted in the death of a person,
at, in, or around a mine, from the owner, lessee
or agent of such mine, or the * •'• T Industrial
Commission of Ohio, willfully refuses or neglects
to comply, so far as such provisions relate to him,

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
with the provisions of section 921 of the General
Code, shall .upon conviction thereof, be fined not
less than twenty-five dollars nor more than fifty
dollars, at the discretion of the court.
Any owner, lessee or agent of a mine, or any
person, firm or corporation opening a new mine,
having information in writing of a violation
of this act, who willfully refuses or neglects
to comply with the provisions of sections 922, 923,
924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934,
937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947,
948, 949, 950, or 971 of the General Code, shall,
upon conviction thereof, be fined not less than
twenty-five dollars nor more than fifty dollars,
and for a second or any subsequent offense shall
be fined not less than fifty dollars nor more than
one hundred dollars, at the discretion of the
court.
Any superintendent, mine-foreman, foreman,
safety foreman, or overseer, who willfully refuses
or neglects to comply, so far as such provisions
relate to each of them with tlie provisions of sectons
951, 952, 953 or 954 of the General Code.
shall upon conviction thereof, be fined not less
than ten dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars.
and for a second or subsequent offense, shall lie
tined not less than ten dollars nor more than
twenty-five dollars, or imprisoned not less than
ten days nor more than twenty days, or both, at
the discretion of the court.
Any person, or persons, who violate the provisions
of sections 956, 957, 958, 961, or 962 of
the General Code, or violate tlie provisions of
section 959 of the General Code other than to
enter a mine generating fire-damp before the fire
boss reports it safe, or to go beyond a danger
signal indicating an
ACCUMULATION O. FIRE-DAMP,
shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not less
than five dollars, nor more than ten dollars, and
for a second or any subsequent offense shall be
fined not less than five dollars, nor more than ten
dollars, or imprisoned not less than five days
nor more than ten days, or both, at the discretion
of the court.
Any person who willfully violates the provisions
of sections 964, 965, 966, 967, or 970 of the General
Code, or violates the provisions of section 959 of
the General Code relating to loitering and intoxicants,
at, in or around a mine, shall, upon conviction
thereof, be fined not less than five dollars,
nor more than ten dollars, and for a second or
any subsequent offense shall be tined not less
than five dollars nor more than ten dollars, or
imprisoned not less than five days nor more than
ten clays or both, at the discretion of the court.
Any person, firm or corporation who violates
or willfully refuses or neglects to comply with
the provisions of section 973. of the General Code,
shall upon conviction thereof, be fined not less
than one hundred dollars ancl not more than five
hundred dollars, and for a second or any subse­
quent offense shall be fined not less than two
hundred dollars and not more than one thousand
dollars, or imprisoned not less than thirty days
nor more than six months, at the discretion of the
court.
Any person, firm or corporation who compounds
sells or offers for sale to dealers any oil or paraffine
wax; fish oil or any other illuminant whatever,
other than those specifically provided for
in sections 974 and 974-1 of the General Code,
unless with the consent and approval of the * * *
Industrial Commission of Ohio, for illuminating
purposes in any mine in this state contrary to
the provisions of sections 974, 974-1, 974-2 and
975 of the General Code, shall, upon conviction
thereof, be fined not less than fifty dollars nor
more than one hundred dollars and for a second
or any subsequent offense shall be fined not less
than one hundred dollars nor more than two hun­
dred dollars, or imprisoned not less than thirty
days nor more than sixty days, or both, at the
discretion of the court.
Any person, firm or corporation who sells, or
ofl'ers for sale to any employe of a mine for illum­
inating purposes in a mine any oil or paraffine
wax, fish oil or any other illuminant, other than
those specifically provided for in sections 974 and
974-1 of the General Code, unless with the con­
sent and approval of the * * !! Industrial
Commission of Ohio, contrary to the provisions
of sections 974, 974-1, 974-2. and 975 of the Gen­
eral Code, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined
not less than five dollars nor more than ten dollars,
and for a second or any subsequent offense
shall be fined not less than five dollars nor more
than ten dollars, or imprisoned not less than five
days nor more than ten days, or both, at the
discretion of the court.
Section 2. That said original sections 954. 965,
974-2 and 976 of the General Code be and the
same are hereby repealed.
NUMBER THREE.
A BILL
To regulate and prohibit solid shooting in eoal
mines.
lie it enacted by the General Assembly of the
State of Ohio:
Section 1. Whoever being the owner, lessee or
agent of a coal mine causes or permits any solid
shooting to be done therein without having first
obtained a permit to do so from the Industrial
Commission of Ohio shall be fined in a sum not
exceeding one hundred dollars.
Sec. 2. A permit to do solid shooting may be
issued by the Industrial Commission of Ohio in
the case of any mine when application shall be

made therefor by the owner, lessee or person en­
gaged in the operation thereof and by a majority
of the niiners employed therein, and when such
Industrial Commission shall be satisfied that such
method of blasting is necessary for the just and
reasonably profitable operation of such mine.
Such permit may be revoked at any time by said
commission after sixty days' notice in writing
to such owner, lessee or person operating such
mine. Any person in interest who is dissatisfied
with any order of said Industrial Commission
made under the power conferred upon it by this
section, may commence an action to set asicb*.
vacate or amend such order in the sann* manner
and for the same reason as other orders of such
Commission may be se, aside, vacated or amend­
ed.
Sec. 3. Each section of this act is hereby de­
clared to be an independent section and the holding
of any section to be void or in effective for
any cause shall not be deemed to affect any other
section thereof.
NUMBER Fori;.
A BILL
To amend section 934 of the General Code, rela­
tive to emergency supplies which are to be
kept for use at the mines.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the
State of Ohio:
Section 1. That section 934 of the General
Code be amended to read as follows:
Sec. 934. The owner, lessee or agent of a mine
at, in, or around which, more than ten persons
are employed, shall * furnish for each
thirty-five men so employed a properly constructed
stretcher, * * * a woolen blanket, * * *
a waterproof blanket, * * a sufficient quan­
tity of bandages and linen * * * * ancl such
other necessary requisites for use in case of acci­
dent as may from time to time be prescribed by
the Industrial Commission of Ohio. At mines
generating fire-damp so as to be detected by a
safety lamp, a sufficient quantity of olive or linseed
oil shall be kept * * for use in emer­
gencies. It shall be the duty of each safety foreman
to keep in a safe and dry place in the ter­
ritory over which he has charge such stretcher,
woolen and waterproof blankets and other sup­
plies. He shall care for the same and keep them
in a dry and sanitary condition always ready for
use.
Sec. 2. That said original section 934 of the
General Code be and the same is hereby repealed.
NUMBER FINE.
A BILL
To regulate the weighing of coal at the mine.
Section I. On and after the first day of October,
1914, every miner and every loader of coal in any
mine in this state who under the terms of his
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
employment is to be paid for niining or loading
such coal on the basis of the ton or other weight
shall be paid for such mining or loading accord­
ing to the total weight of all such c-oal contained
within the car (hereinafter referred to as mine
car) in which the sann- shall have been removed
out of the mine; provided, the contents of such
car when so removed, shall contain no greater
percentage of slate, sulphur, rock, dirt, or other
impurity than that ascertained and determined
by the Industrial Commission of Ohio as hereinafter
enacted.
Sec. 2. Not later than the date set forth iu
section 1 hereof, and thereafter as herinafter pro*
vided, said Industrial Commission shall ascertain
and determine the percentage of slate, sulphur,
rock, dirt, or other impurity unavoidable in the
proper mining or loading of tlie contents of mine
cars of coal in the several operating mines within
this state.
Sec. 3. On and after the date set forth in sec­
tion 1 hereof it shall be the duty of such miner
or loader of coal and his employer to agree upon
and fix for stipulated periods, the percentage of
fine eoal commonly known as nut, pea, dust and
slack allowable in the output of the mine wherein
such miner or loader is employed.
At any time when there shall not be in effect
such agreed and fixed percentage of fine coal al
lowable in the output of any mine said Industrial
Commission shall forthwith upon request of such
miner or loader or his employer, fix such allow­
able percentage of fine eoal, which percentage so
fixed by said Industrial Commission shall continue
in force until otherwise agreed and fixed by such
miner or loader and his employer.
Whenever said Industrial Commission shall find
that the total output of such line coal at any
mine for a period of one month during whieli
such mine shall have been operating while the
percentage of fine coal so fixed by said Industrial
Commission has been in force, exceeds the per­
centage so fixed by it. said
INDUSTRIAL COM .MISSION
shall at once make, enter and cause to be enforced
such order or orders relative to the pro­
duction of coal at such mine, as will result in
reducing the percentage of such fine coal, to the*
amount so fixed by said Industrial Commission.
Sec. 4. After the date set forth in section 1
of this act said Industrial Commission, shall, as
to all coal mines in this state, which have not
been in operation prior to said date, perrorm the
duties imposed upon it by the provisions hereof.
Sec. 5. Said Industrial Commission shall have
full power from time to time, to change, upon
investigation, any percentage by it ascertained
and determined, or fixed, as provided in the pre­
ceding sections hereof.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Sec. 6. It shall be unlawful for the employer
of a miner or loader of the contents of any car
of coal described in section 1 of this act, to pass
any part of such contents over a screen or other
device, for the purpose of ascertaining or calculating
the amount to be paid such miner or loader
for niining or loading such contents, whereby the
total weight of such contents shall be reduced
or diminished.
Any person, firm or corporation violating the
provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty
of a misdemeanor and upon conviction, shall be
fined for each separate offense not less than three
hundred dollars nor more than six hundred dollars.
Sec. 7. A miner or loader of the contents of a
mine car, containing a greater percentage of
slate, sulphur, rock, dirt or other impurity, than
above provided, shall le guilty of a misdemeanor
and upon conviction shall be punished as follows:
for the first offense within a period of
three days he shall be fined fifty cents; for a
second offense within such period of three days
he shall be fined one dollar; and for the third
offense within such period of three days he shall
be fined not less than two dollars nor more than
four dollars. Provided, that nothing contained
in this section shall affect the right of a miner
or loader and his employer to agree upon deductions
by the system known as docking, on account
of such slate, sulphur, rock, dirt or other
impurity.
• ) INDUSTRIAL NOTES •
The Pneumeleetric Machine Co.. Syracuse, N. Y.,
has just issued a neat pamphlet entitled "Hard
Facts About the Pneumeleetric Rock Drill, as Applied
to Coal Mines." The new machine, which
is second only in importance to the Pneumeleetric
coal puncher, embodies the same principle for its
operation, and the utilization of this principle was
one of the principal causes of the success of the
rock drill. The pamphlet contains some strong
commendatory statements about the drills from
their users and it should be convincing argument
to those contemplating purchases of this class of
machinery.
Leschen's Hercules for January, is just off the
press. This monthly publication of the A. Leschen
& Sons Rope Co., St. Louis. Mo., for the current
month treats exhaustively of an aerial tramway
in Alaska equipped with its ropes.
Two new mine rescue stations will be established
shortly by the U. S. Bureau of Mines at
Norton, Va,. and Jellico, Tenn.
THE COAL DUMPED OVER HAMPTON ROADS
PIERS DURING 1913 BROKE ALL RECORDS
A total of 11,993,658 tons of coal was dumped
over the Hampton Roads piers, namely Lamberts
Point, Sewalls Point and Newport News
in 1913. The Norfolk & Western Railroad led
all the other, having dumped a total of 5,598,716
over the Lamberts Point piers; the Virginian
Railway was second with a total dumping of
3,283,925 tons over the Sewalls Point pier, while
the Chesapeake & Ohio was third with a total
dumping of 3,111,017 tons over the Newport News
piers.
The Norfolk & Western has exceeded its dumpings
for the year 1912 by 384.050 tons. The 1912
dumpings amounted to 5,214,666 tons. The Virginian
has exceeded the 1912 dumpings by 814,914
tons as the dumping for 1912 amounted to 2,-
469,011 tons. The Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad fell
651,298 tons below the 1912 dumpings when they
reported a total dumping of 3,762,315 tons.
The dumpings of the three roads during the
various months follows:
Norfolk & Western—January, 484,842 tons;
February, 482,102 tons; March, 458,877 tons;
April, 508,158 tons; May, 490,917 tons; June,
476,122 tons; July, 513,951 tons; August, 455,269
tons; September, 430,943 tons; October, 437,787
tons; November, 345,727 tons; December, 514,020
tons.
Virginia—January, 260,544 tons; February, 258,-
182 tons; March, 261,463 tons; April, 249,225
tons; May, 281,537 tons; June, 254,758 tons; July,
221,064 tons; August, 283,385 tons; September,
300,588 tons; October, 304,779 tons; November,
340,769 tons; December. 267,632 tons.
Chesapeake & Ohio—January, 243,571 tons;
February, 284,706 tons; March, 274,017 tons;
April, 296,825 tons; May, 298,990 tons; June, 263,-
231 tons: July, 199,747 tons; August, 291,780
tons; September, 256.934 tons; October, 228,704
tons; November, 207,778 tons; December, 274,734
tons.
Charles S. Thorne, vice president of the Pocahontas
Colliers Co. and the Pocahontas Fuel Co.,
upon his return from Europe where he was looking
into the export coal business, in an interview
given out just as 1913 closed, forecasts a large
increase in their shipments through this port.
He is quoted as saying:
"As a result of investigation I am more and
more impressed with the fact that sooner or
later the United States will be one of the principal
sources of soft coal for world trade. There
is every indication of this. The Pocahontas Consolidated
Collieries Co. has just closed contracts
for nearly three-quarters of a million tons for
European export in 1914. This is an increase of
33 per cent, over the same business in 1913, and

is an index of growing appreciation by Europe
of American coals.
"American exportations in the coming year will
be the largest in volume of record. Pocahontas
coal furnishes several reasons for this. These
coals are semi-bituminous, so-called smokeless
coal. They are the only American coals similar
to or with as high heat units of energy as the
better grade of Cardiff coal. This coal goes out
from Hampton Roads in English and Italian bottoms,
and is distributed in the Mediterranean and
Adriatic sections. We also send coals to Africa.
"The question is asked, how the American
coals can compete with the foreign coals? They
start from tidewater ports at four shillings less
price with the difference of greater distance and
higher cost of water transportation to overcome.
But this competition has been made more possible
this year on account of recent reductions
in vessel rates. There has been a readjustment of
rates to normal conditions, but they are still
much higher than two years ago.
"It is safe to assert that the American export
trade in soft coal is now permanently established.
With the permanency of these coals for valuable
tonnage in European and other markets and in
view of the trade developments at Panama in
the near future, it is idle to talk about contracting
coal demand save as affected by relatively
slight fluctuations due to sporadic causes."
CHANGES IN ILLINOIS STATE
INSPECTORSHIP ASSIGNMENTS.
The state mine inspectors of Illinois have been
shifted in their assignments to districts, all districts
save the first, sixth, seventh and twelfth
districts being affected. The new assignments
are:
Seventh district—Thomas H. Devlin, now residing
in Assumption.
Third district—Patrick Hogan, now residing in
Farmington.
Fourth district—David H. Thrush, now residing
in P'armington.
Fifth district—J. W. Stark, now residing in
Georgetown.
Eighth district—John Kaney, now residing at
Centralia.
Ninth district—William Hartman, Belleville.
Tenth district—John McClintock, Murphysboro.
Eleventh district—George O. Morgan, Benton.
One of the largest mortgages ever placed on
record in Greene county, Pa., was filed during the
fortnight. The mortgage was given by the Crucible
Fuel Co. to the Guardian Savings & Trust
Co.. of Cleveland. Ohio, for $2,400,000 to secure a
bond issue.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
Mr. John M. Roan, of Columbus, Ohio, who has
been identified with the mining industry in that
state for almost a half century has been appointed
safety superintendent, and as such will have charge
of all the safety and accident prevention work of
the Ohio Industrial commission. Mr. Roan formerly
was connected with the Sunday Creek Co.
and the Clinchfield Coal Corporation.
Mr. Robert Maloney, division superintendent in
Indiana county, Pa., for the Rochester & Pittsburgh
Coal & Coke Co., has resigned to take a
position with the Davis Coal & Coke Co., of which
Mr. A. XV. Callaway, formerly general superintendent
of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co.,
is now vice president.
Mr. C. L. Doyle, recently appointed Pittsburgh
representative of the Producers' Coke Co. of Uniontown,
Pa., has severed his connection with that
company, because of a decision to maintain the
busiess of the Pickands-Magee Co., Pittsburgh, and
Mr. Doyle will remain with the latter company as
president.
Mr. Howard D. Mannington, formerly secretary
of the Ohio Coal Operators' association, and also
at one time secretary of the M-O-I Coal association,
has accepted the position of vice president of the
Mahoning & Shenango Railway & Light Co.
Mr. Clarence Hall has resigned as expert in
charge of the explosives section of the U. S. Bureau
of Mines in order to establish an industrial laboratory
in Pittsburgh. Mr. Hall has opened an
office in the Empire building, Pittsburgh.
Mr. Malcolm Macfarlane has been appointed inspector
of mines of the New York Central lines,
with headquarters at Philipsburg, Pa., vice Mr.
H. B. Douglas, assigned to other duties. The appointment
became effective Jan. 1, 1914.
Mr. John Byron has been appointed superintendent
of the Acosta, Pa., mine of the Consolidation
Coal Co., vice Mr. Josiah Kelly, who resigned to
accept the superintendency of the Cabin Creek Coal
Co. mines in West Virginia.
Mr. A. J. Squibs, of Cleveland, O.. has been appointed
general superintendent of the Youghiogheny
& Ohio Coal Co. mines, vice Mr. A. B. King.
resigned on account of ill health.
Mr. John Sanderson, of Red Lodge, Carbon
county. Mont., succeeded Mr. J. B. McDermott as
state coal mine inspector of Montana on Jan. 1.

3_ THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
| SOME DETAILS OF MINING METHODS WITH REFERENCE TO THE
: MAXIMUM OF RECOVERY"
j By Wm. H Grady. M, E.. Chief Mine Inspector Pocahontas Coal and Coke Company
An attempt to outline the details ol all the
methods of niining coal is not intended in this
paper: rather it is the desire of the writer io
refer to the room and pillar method of mining,
which, in some form, may be said to be the prevailing
method of mining in ibis country. However,
some longwall niining is done, especially
through the Middle-West, ancl. as the market value
II!' coal rises, it is quite probable that more longwall
milling wil! be done, in ihe thinner, now
non-profitable seams of coal.
The writer who lias occasion to examine mines
that produced dm ing 1912 aboul 15,000,000 tons
of coal, under conditions whieli admit of all Ihe
different methods of opening a property, and
variations in the seams ancl overlying straia from
very good io very bad conditions, has made the
following observations east of the Ohio and Mis­
sissippi rivers. The principles advocated by the
wiiter are, however, applicable any when room
and pillar woik is done.
In the early days of niining in this country,
that system of mining which yielded an output at
a minimum cost under the existing conditions,
was adopted without any thought of how the re­
maining coal in the ground was to lie milled, ancl
the same influencing factor is at work* in some
mines today. Coal was little known, its uses
were limited, methods of mining crude, so that
tbe operators, 'ill of whom were of limited capital,
did no! seel for the
HOST ECONOMICAL METHOD
ill Hie long* run, but for that method b.\ which
i bey could min. coal cheaply and quickly.
This resulted in large areas open io the effects
of the air, long standing pillars, constantly in­
fluenced by the overlying weight and daily to be
unfavorably, influenced, all o! which was con­
ducive of waste and had only one temporary fa­
vorable f.ature, in that il affoided opportunity to
mine room eoal cheaply, but at a subsequent loss
of coal from "V ' shaped robbing, crushing of
pillars, creeps and large expense cleaning up
lalls, timbering and duplicate track work, so
thai ihe time has been approaching, in fact its
advenl is already announced, al man*, mines, when
;i ton of coal will noi only he mined at a greater
direct expense, in Ihe i,](| workings, Imt at a large
additional indirect expense in the loss of pillar
coal. In fact some operators have been obliged
in mine al an operating cosl whieb becomes almost
prohibitive, or realize the I'acl that their
"Paper read before the West Virginia Coal Mining Institute,
Charleston, W. Va.. December. 1913.
percentage recovery per acre over all of the pioperty
will he as low as On per cent, to 05 per cent.
These are the men upon whom the details of mining
have been most forcibly impressed and it is
a. fact in which they may take no little pride,
that today, under identically the same physical
conditions of the property, they are mining coal,
in some instances in the same mine, by the same
method, differing only in detail, ancl receiving a
l>ei centage recovery per acre of from bo per cent.
to 95 per cent, and better.
That such a very great difference in the per-
i-entage recovery could be brought about without
matei iaily
I NCKEANiNT; THE COST
per ion. is all the more to the credit of coal min­
ing men and places them among true conservationists.
Of the room and pillar system of mining it may
le said to consist entirely of rooms turned off of
an entry with a pillar between each room. This
method may be said to yield the greatest number
nf working places per unit length of entry.
A later step was to drive two entries with rooms
off of both entries which insured somewhat bet­
ter ventilation. It will not serve all purposes,
in the writer's opinion, where the prime object is
to recover the maximum amount of coal at a minimum
mining* cost, as will be shown later.
Where tlie quantity of coal to be handled is
great, the double entry sysiem with rooms off of
both entries, present operating difficulties which
are sought to lie overcome by driving rooms off
of one entry, using it as a return and haulage and
tbe other entry as an intake only. This method,
is a step in the right direction and a great im­
provement, but over large properties where min­
ing is done extensively, a further adaptation must
tie made.
Formerh entries were driven and worked by
one of the methods above, ancl ali of the greater
part of the property developed, before the work
of removing the pillars began. Robbing pillars
brought on new difficulties which sometimes re-
* ulted in calamities. When the thin pillars, often
liefore robbing has been attempted at all. became
so strained, that they could no longer
SUPPORT THE MOUNTAIN
or overburden, they failed by crushing at the
point of greatest weakness ancl the mountain or
overburden tottered. Once this "tottering,"
"squeezing. ' or creeping action set in. or all three
actions, pillar after pillar crushed, sometimes

with the rapidity of a prairie fire, and until sufficient
barriers or areas of solid coal are reached,
capable of counteracting this now tremendous
dynamic force, no available power can stop it.
Sometimes such a squeeze will destroy acres of
pillar coal and render impossible, or very expensive,
the mining of other coal lying beyond the
affected area which is only accessible through
squeezed territory. The writer has in mind an
instance where over 75 acres of pillars were
crushed so badly, in a period of less than two
weeks' time, that all hopes of ever recovering
the pillars were abandoned. Another example of
the toll a squeeze demands is the loss of life in
the Twin shaft disaster in the Wyoming region of
the Pennsylvania anthracite field, where men weie
buried dive, whose bodies never have been recovered.
These difficulties and the great expense attendant
on relaying track ancl cleaning up slate falls
with which the pillars were so frequently congested,
brought a further change in the room and
pillar method of mining, so that the pillars could
be more economically extracted, and in the event
of a squeeze starting it could be controlled, and
developed what is known as the "panel system"
of room and pillar work.
This panel system may be said to represent tbe
better practice of today. It is pertinent, therefore,
to know- what
SIZE OF PANEL,
width of entries, width and depth of rooms and
size of pillars will insure against squeezes and
yield the maximum of recovery at a minimum of
expenditure.
The factors that decide the details of pillar
work are numerous, some of which cannot, be completely
predetermined, some are unforeseen, and
others must be accepted, though often disadvantageous.
For example, the limitations of the
property may be such as to require opening it at
a point where the haulage will be on adverse
grades, room workings over a portion of the property
may be to the clip, requiring at a future date
to draw pillars up hill and possibly out of water.
Prospecting of the property, whether it is above
or below water level, is of the utmost importance.
If a shaft proposition, a careful geological study
of the strata through which the shaft is to be
sunk should always be made, in any event the
dip and strike of the seam should be determined.
Many costly errors have been made by neglecting
these all too obvious precautions. Numerous examples
might be mentioned of errors, caused as
above mentioned, that affect the cost of mining
and the percentage of recovery.
The influence of underground factors is not
so obvious. The overlying burden is often thought
to be the determining factor in regard to room
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
widths and size of pillars, but in general it determines
the minimum size of pillars and the maximum
width of room only, which may be materially
different from the size of pillar and room width
as determined by other factors. However, a full
knowledge of the manner in which tbe
WEIGHT OF THE HOOF
tends to act should be thoroughly understood in
order that we may determine approximately what
will ba]>pen when the coal is being worked and
the pillars extracted. For an excellent analysis
of this question of roof weights, and action, the
writer would refer you to the papers of H. W. G.
Halbaum, entitled "The Action, Influence, ancl Control
of the Roof": and, "Great Planes of Strain
in the Absolute Roof of Mines." These papers
appeared in the Transactions of the North of England
Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers.
Briefly there are two forces acting which compose
the total roof action, a vertical force acting
Figure 1
downward and a horizontal force acting opposite
to the direction in which the workings are advancing.
The resultant of these two forces is in
a direction from over the solid coal toward the
excavated area and tends to break tbe roof over
the pillars so that one must constantly be alert
from such action. If the pillars are not mined
clean and the weight of the strata overlying the
excavated area allowed to rest freely on the bottom,
thus changing the magnitude and causing a
more horizontal direction of the resultant force
of the roof action, the tendency often will be for
the roof not to break but gradually to sag until
at some distant point in the gob it reaches the
bottom. This gradual subsidence of the roof
often will be so severe as to crush the end of the
pillars next the gob and prevent getting cars to
the point where it is desired to load them, causing
MORE UNCLEAN* MINING
and often when this stage is reached it will be

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
found that neither the setting of props nor their
removal will affect the action of the roof.
In general it may be said that so far as the
weight of the roof is concerned the following
dimensions of the pillars apply:
Depth of Size of Width of
Cover. Pillars. Rooms.
300 15 ft. 20 ft.
500 20 ft. 20 ft.
700 25 ft. 20 ft.
900 30 ft. 20 ft.
1200 35 ft. 20 ft.
Ordinarily the pillars within certain limits are
made of uniform size, in the same mine or group
of mines.
By reference to the above table it will be seen
that the size of the room pillars required undeineath
a ravine where the cover is only 150 feet
should be 15 feet by 80 feet ancl underneath a
mountain top where the cover is 175 feet the size
of the pillars should be 20 feet by SO feet. As
a matter of fact all are somewhat larger than the
maximum size required according to the table, for
the reason that the top immediately overlying the
seam falls, and the pillars should not only be large
enough to support their unit weight while rooms
are driving, but also at the time the
PILLARS ARE 11EINO ROBBED
back. Changing room spacing would involve a
further complication conducive to losses of coal
in that the small pillars would be robbed back
more quickly than the larger ones and a very
irregular breakline would result, causing some
pillars to extend far back into the gob, and be
crushed.
An error that is sometimes made in drift mining
is to suppose that because workings are near the
outcrop and the cover light, wide rooms on narrow
centres may be driven. While it is true that
the cover is light, as a rule it is so badly weathered
that it has little strength and before mining
has proceeded very far the rooms will become
congested with slatefall, splitting of the pillars
become imperative; the dead weight resting on
the wings of the pillars soon crushes them and
a squeeze may result causing large losses of coai.
Probably no one factor contributes more to determining
the working size of the pillars than
the nature of the top and bottom immediately adjacent
to the coal. Its behavior, especially that
of the top, under the forces acting during* robbing,
the weathering effects of the air, the effect of temperature
changes upon the top and its ability to
withstand tension, compression and shear are all
of prime importance. If the roof is of a material
that cannot resist these agencies, it will
fall very probably before the pillars are robbed,
cleaning up slate falls become a daily occurrence
and so great are the
DELAYS AND EXPENSE
occasioned that the cost becomes prohibitive, unclean
mining is certain, a squeeze comes on and
much good coal is lost resulting in only a partial
recovery. On the other hand, if the top is a
strong sandstone the impression is common that
very wide rooms may be driven and only small
pillars are necessary. Because of the great
strength of the top and the absence of slate falls,
the time of starting the robbing is a matter that
receives very little attention.
Under either a very strong top, or a. very weak
top, large pillars and narrow rooms are imperative
and the robbing should follow within a reasonably
short time after completion of the room.
An example of honest effort to obtain the
coal in the pillars, shows that wide, deep rooms
were driven on narrow centres, under very weak
to]) which was known not to stand weathering
well and fell for a distance of from five feet up to
15 feet and more. The rooms were driven during
the years 1898-99 and under the system then practiced
at the mine, robbing did not follow. Extracting
the pillars was started in the year 1907.
All of the rooms were congested with slate falls
and the work was started by slabbing. By this
method the miner was continually retreating from
his solid work and placing himself in danger from
the bad roof overhead. When the miner was
ready to come back with the remaining portion of
the pillar, it was often found to be so badly
crushed that only a partial recovery could be
obtained and frequently
SLATE FALLS
would close the space in. Splitting the pillar
from the entry to the aircourse above proved to
be a failure because the wings could not support
the load coming upon them and the timber cost
of attempting to recover the pillars in this way
became prohibitive. Finally in an honest effort
to recover the coal, if at all possible, counter haulways
were driven across the pillars and the falls
met in crossing the rooms cleaned up. Then
short splits were driven up the pillars from the
counter haulway, and the wings quickly robbed
back before they became so weakened that their
recovery was impossible. This resulted in the
maximum of recovery under the circumstances.
at an expense for this coal, for handling slate falls,
repetition of track-laying, and timbering, and
other items that have overdoubled the normal
cost of production at the mine.
The maximum of recovery can never be obtained,
at a minimum operating cost, by splitting
pillars and then loading out the wings if the roof
is bad or the robbing falls follow quickly after
the removal of the coal, for the reason that the robbing
fall on the wing prevents clean mining of
the other wing or a sufficient quantity of timber

must be used to ward the fall off, which timber
later interferes with a satisfactory fall at the
time it is desired.
Fig. I is a cut of a pillar which is being robbed
back by splitting. "A" shows the
SPLIT IN THE PILLAR,
with the wings "B"-"B" remaining, "C" shows a
portion of the right wing removed by attacking
the pillar at the point "D." The shaded area
"E" represents the fall which occurs cutting one
off from the extreme inside portion of the left
wing "Z," or if this fall is warded off, good sound
timber will have to be used freely as shown.
What more frequently happens is that the split
in the pillar is driven as at "A" and the pillar is
attacked at "D," but all of the coal is not mined
and a good sized stump of coal is left behind, the
quantity of good coal lost depending on the thickness
of the seam, to support the roof as at "E,"
and so on all the way back to the entry or the
coal is mined at "A" leaving a shell of coal on
both wings all the way back to the entry. The
miner loading the coal from the wings is very
often apt to leave a larger shell than he supposes
as a result of poor alignment of the split or of the
room and this large quantity of coal acts as a
fulcrum or pivotal point, preventing a good clean
fall of tbe roof, throwing the weight which should
be on the bottom onto some nearby pillar causing
it to be unduly strained, and if the number of
pillars working is great and the losses of coal
occur too frequently within a limited area there
may result a squeeze which will cause very serious
losses of coal.
A better method is to rob back the pillars immediately
upon the completion of tne rooms and
to stump off the pillars by turning the room track
into the pillar as at "A", Fig. II.
In this way the miner is always protected by
solid coal and the
LOSSES ARE A MINIMUM.
Room No. 6 shows the pillar stumped off and the
stumps removed; room No. 5 shows the pocket
just starting in : room No. 4 shows the pocket
finished and the stump partly drawn back; room
No. 3 shows the pocket finished and work just
starting on the stump; room No. 2 shows the
pocket driving followed by a second pocket which
is only driven as far as a man can conveniently
load the coal without a track turn, in order to
avoid the necessity for frogs ancl switch points.
Room No. 1 shows the pocket just starting. The
width of pocket and thickness of stump depend
very largely on the nature of the roof and the
mine equipment, with poor roof that falls unsuspectingly,
or within a few hours after the removal
of the coal, the thickness of the stump
should be such that a miner can reach all of the
coal safely and easily without venturing too far
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
beyond the rib line of the pocket, or if the roof
is good and does not fall soon after the removal
of the stump, the thickness of the stump may be
increased and the number of track turns required
per pillar may be reduced.
In the application of mining machines to the
robbing of pillars the distance centre to centre
of pockets should be such that the thickness of
stump left will form one machine cut, under bad
roof, or two machine cuts under good roof.
The more common practice where the roof falls
soon after the extraction of the stump, is to leave
a small
SHELL OF COAL
as at "A" Fig. II, to protect the miner from the
gob and also prevent his loading fine slate into
the car of coal. This results in a loss of coal
that can be avoided at a timber expense, under
ordinary circumstances, that is less than the value
of the coal. A practice whic-h has been advocated
and has proven successful, is to place a row of
Figure 2
props on tbe lower rib of the pocket, before the
removal of the pillar stump has begun. When
the next pocket is driven below it will be found
that practically the entire stump may be loaded
out without any admixture of gob and that a
greater percentage of lump coal will be obtained
from the stump. This precautionary row of timbers
is especially desirable where machines are
used on the pillars.
In regard to the maximum number of pillars
that can be successfully robbed in one robbing
line it is the writer's observation that the roof
over a robbing line, in excess of 2,400 feet in
length, sometimes begins to sag in the middle and
renders difficult the removal of the pillars in that
immediate section.
The breakline should be kept as uniform as possible
at all times.
The engineers are they take their monthly measurements
mark the distance centre to centre of
pockets on the robbing rib of the room and the

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
foremen are obliged to drive their breakthroughs
on the line of a pocket. The object in keeping
the breakline uniform is to
INSURE AGAINST PILLARS
extending back into the gob and acting as a fulcrum,
or the knife edge of a scale beam, upon
which the roof teeter totters and almost invariably
causes additional timber expense and sometimes
losses of coal, both of which could have
been avoided had the breakline been kept uniform.
The general plan of mining advocated by the
Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co. has as its essential
features:
Provisions for tonnage during the development
period, provisions for meeting* the market demand,
large barrier pillars insuring against
squeezes ancl rendering impossible the destruction
of coal over an extended area. Four entry
system for all extensive main entries, using two
as intakes and two as returns with a breakthrough
between only at the points where the cross entries
turn off, rendering unnecessary the building
of expensive masonry brattices every 80 feet and
insuring the maximum quantity of air for ventilation
at a minimum cost for brattices and power
on the air. Cross entries with narrow chain
pillars permitting the rapid advance of the entry.
In general all robbing must be done retreating
with rooms driven after the entry is nearing completion,
insuring against slate falls and rendering
possible the extraction of all tbe coal in the one
operation combining first development and robbing.
The depth of room ancl number of rooms on
an entry vary greatly at different mines depending
on local
CONDITIONS OF THE SEAM;
whether the haulage is by mule or gathering
motor, whether the mining is pick mining or machine
mining, and not infrequently on the personal
equation factor for sometimes the management
of a plant will contend that he obtains best
results when he drives 25 rooms 500 feet deep
to the entry, and another manager working on
Thickness Acres
of
Seam
Of
Entry
Plai it. in Ft. Mined.
1 0.15 3.in;
2 5.65 4.40
9 5.10 2.68
4 4.42 5.88
5 5.94 7.00
6 4.32 2.11
7 5.34 ') 91
8 5.42 3.72
9 4.65 8.10
10 8.03 5.20
Acres
of
Rooms
Mined.
4.57
4.SO
6.52
8.65
10.09
3.64
6.34
6.06
16.80
8.47
Acres
of
Pillars
Mined.
11.03
14.80
15.80
13.09
19.20
9.20
0.00
9.72
2.34
10.09
Total
Acres
Mined.
IS.66
24.00
25.00
27.62
36.29
15.04
9.65
19.50
27.24
23.76
adjoining property under identically the same
physical conditions and with the same type of
equipment on the other side of the property line,
not 1,000 feet away will say that he obtains best
results if his rooms do not exceed 300 feet in
depth and not more than 15 rooms to the entry.
The better policy is to encourage individual iniative
and allow freely such modifications in any
plan ol mining as may be desired, provided that
the modified plan embodies all the principles of
modern methods and sound mining practice.
In the successful operation of any mine some
general scheme of mining must be agreed upon,
subscribed to by all parties in any way concerned
with the matter, including the land owner, if the
property is a leased one. and then no omissions
in, additions to. or deviations from that plan of
mining should be permitted without the written
consent of the lessee ancl lessor.
After the general plan of mining has been
agreed upon and operations begun, its success or
failure will depend very largely upon the degree
of watchfulness exercised. The mine should be
accurately
SURVEYED AND MAPPED
at least once every 90 clays, frequent inspections
should be made of tbe mine, giving minute attention
to the condition of the working faces and the
robbing line. At least once a year tbe theoretical
yield of the property should be balanced
against the actual tonnage delivered at the tipple.
Accurate and complete records of the number of
acres of entry, of rooms, and pillars driven each
year should be kept, the percentage of recovery
per acre and the state of exhaustion of the property.
That the above method of mining will yield the
maximum of recovery is testified by the following
table, the figures of which are typical of the results
obtained by the Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co.
in the Pocahontas field, which so far as the writer
knows are not excelled anywhere. In this connection
it should also be noted that the percentages
of recovery are based on the total seam including
the portion rejected.
Total
Tonnage.
Mined.
165,254
188,391
180.3S6
192,437
334,005
94,427
83,000
144,769
201,044
262,975
Tons Theoretica 1
Portion
Mined Tons Percentage of
per per of Seam
Acre. Acre. Recovery. Rejected.
8,856 9,922 89.3 .24
8,185 9.115 S9.79 .22
7,215 8,325 86.6 .22
6,960 7.131 97.6 .23
9,203 9.582 96.0 .22
6,278 6,969 90.0 .31
8,601 S.614 99.8 .20
8,181 8,777 93.2 .20
7,380 7,534 98.0 .18
11,068 12,923 85.6 .23

The lower percentages of recovery in the table
are influenced by the fact that in some instances
pillars are now being robbed that have been standing
for many years. In the mine of the United
States Coal & Coke Co. at or near Gary, W. Va.,
where all of the work has been clone in recent
years, the average percentage of recovery per
acre since the beginning of operations, has been
better than 95 per cent., and of the area mined,
over one-third has been final mining. (Digressing
for the moment, if I may, from the main subject
of this paper, 1 would say that perhaps nowhere
is more thought being given to the subject
of
ECONOMICAL AND SAFE MINING
than at the mines of the United States Coal &
Coke Co. The writer has visited all of the socalled
"model mines," including those of the anthracite
field, for the express purpose of studying
them and it is a pleasure to be able to say that
here in our own state, at Gary, by the untiring
efforts of and under the direction of Edward
O'Toole, general superintendent of the above company,
there has been built up a mining organization
which for efficiency is unsurpassed, and,
1 am told, for accidents and deaths per 100,000
tons of coal produced it holds the record of the
coal mining world. Not only are the present
methods of mining efficient but the O'Toole combination
coal cutter, loader, and transporting machine
bids fair to revolutionize the present method
of niining coal for coking purposes. Any one
wishing to visit Gary is always welcome and the
officers of the company will go to the extreme in
making your stay instructive and entertaining).
Returning to the main subject of the paper I
would say that in so far as the cost of production
is concerned as compared with other methods of
mining the cost of entry and room coal is the
same and that of pillar coal less per acre of coal
mined.
In addition to the above statements all operating
companies, I presume, have a statement showing
the revenue derived from operations per ton
of coal mined based on the net receipts from operation*)
DIVIDED BY THE TONNAGE.
On this statement a further figure should be
shown in red by placing a value, which can be
very closely approximated, on the recoverable coal
lost, add it to the net receipts and show what the
revenue per ton derived from the operations
should have been under clean mining.
Statements of the above nature have a further
value from a financial point of view for if it can
be shown a bonding concern that a property contains,
let us say $500,000 worth of coal in the
ground, 90 per cent, or more of which will be
mined: it is certain that a greater asset value
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
will be placed on the property than if the engineers
of the bonding house report that under the
methods of mining pursued by you, only 50 per
cent, of the coal in the ground will be mined and
the rest irretrievably lost.
In conclusion, I desire to express thanks to all
those who have in any way contributed to this
paper, and especially Mr. Thomas H. Clagett, chief
engineer, Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co.; Mr. W. A.
Phillips, general manager, Ashland Coal & Coke
Co., and Mr. James Elwooel Jones, general manager,
Pocahontas Consolidated Collieries Co., Inc.,
for the use of the maps and other data.
IDLE CARS SHOW BIG INCREASE.
The report of the American Railway association
issued Jan. 7. giving the car surplussages and
shortages shows:
Surplussages:
Jan. 1, 1914 190,521
Dec. 31, 1912 50,659
Shortages:
Jan. 1. 1914 1,071
Dec. 31, 1913 33,601
These figures show a net surplus of 1888,850 cars
as compared with 101,545 on Dec. 15, and a shortage
of 17,058 cars Dec. 31, 1912.
Mrs. Elizabeth Vicary, of Pottstown, 111., the
only woman coal operator in the state, died recently.
On the death of her husband, Henry
Vicary. 12 years ago, she assumed management
of the Vicary mining properties and conducted the
business with remarkable success. Mrs. Vicary
was born in Lancaster, England, 74 years ago.
She came to the United States when a young
woman, and spent several years in Pennsylvania,
later moving, with her husband, to Illinois. She
is survived by two sons and three daughters.
Thomas Burke, formerly a member of the International
executive board of the United Mine
Workers from Illinois, afterward employed as
commissioner for the Montana and Washington
coal operators, died of pneumonia in Seattle,
Wash., Jan. 3.
Mr. William H. Howells, 74 years old, a veteran
of the Civil war and one of the oldest mining officials
in the anthracite region, expired at his home
in Shamokin, Pa., Jan. 7. He was considered
one of the most expert mining men in that vicinity.
Mr. William Stein, formerly state mine inspector
of the Sixth anthracite district of Pennsylvania,
died recently at his home in Shenandoah, Pa.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
IRON ORE PRODUCTION OF UNITED
STATES IN 1913 WAS 58,000,000 LONG TONS.
The quantity of iron ore mined in the United
States in 1913 is estimated by E. F. Burchard,
of the United States Geological Survey, to have
been between 58,000,000 and 60,000,000 long tons.
This estimate is based on preliminary reports
from 25 of the largest iron-mining companies,
which represent the principal iron-producing districts
and whose combined output is about 81 per
cent, of the total iron ore mined in 1912.
The average increase in output shown by these
25 companies was 8 per cent, over that for 1912,
and if this increase should be maintained by all
the iron companies in the United States the total
output of iron ore for 1913 should reach 59,-
500,000 long tons. At any rate, it appears almost
certain that the former high record of iron
ore mined, 57,014,096 long tons in 1910, has been
surpassed in 1913. The reports received for 1913
showed considerable variation in the percentage
of changes in output compared with 1912, the
maximum range being from a decrease of 36 per
cent, to an increase of 56 per cent. These apparently
wide variations were evidently due to
conditions affecting particular companies rather
than to general or even local conditions of the
iron-mining industry; moreover, they concerned,
for the most part, the operations of companies
whose production is not sufficiently great to affect
largely the grand total tonnage.
In the Lake Superior district, where about 85
per cent of the domestic iron ore is mined, the
increase in production corresponded closely with
that for the United States in general, or about
8 per cent., thus indicating a total production
for that district of about 50,000,000 long tons,
compared with 46,368,878 tons in 1912. The year
1913 is therefore a record year for production
and shipments in this district also. The preliminary
figures indicate that the shipments of
Lake Superior ore by water will exceed 49,000,-
000 long tons, which, together with the all-rail
shipments of more than 800,000 tons, brings the
figures for total shipments of Lake ore very close
to the tonnage of ore mined and indicates that
not much change has occurred in the stocks of
ore at the mines in the Lake district. These
stocks amounted at the close of 1912 to about
9,500,000 long tons of ore.
In the Birmingham district, Alabama, the production
of iron ore in 1913 as indicated by the
preliminary returns was about 10 per cent, greater
than that for 1912. In Tennessee there was
apparently a slight decrease and in North Carolina
a slight increase. New Jersey and New York
both showed slight increases, while Pennsylvania
showed a slight decrease. In the Rocky Moun­
tain district of Wyoming, Colorado, and New
Mexico there was a slight decrease.
The types of iron ore produced commercially
consist of red and specular hematite, brown ore,
magnetite, and siderite, or spathic ore. Hematite
constitutes about 90 per cent, of the output.
Only a very small fraction of 1 per cent, of the
output is siderite, the production of brown ore
and magnetite together constituting nearly 10
per cent of the total.
ALABAMA COMPANIES ARE
HEAVILY ASSESSED FOR TAXES.
Assessments aggregating nearly $10,000,000 have
been levied against the leasehold interests of
eight eoal companies operating in Bibb county,
Alabama, by the State Tax commission. The coal
lands of these companies are leased from the
Alabama Mineral Lands Co., and there is little
doubt that the authority of the commission to
tax the leasehold interests will be fought out in
the courts.
John S. Mooring, chairman of the tax commission,
and Judge A. A. Evans, associate member,
were present at the session yesterday and concurred
in the decision to assess the lease. The
retiring commissioner, John B. Powell, was not
present.
Escape assessments aggregating $7,150,000 for
taxes against the Alabama Mineral Lands Co.
for the years 1909 1913 inclusive, were fixed by
the commission. The assessments against the
leasehold interests of eight companies were fixed
by the commission as tollows, the first seven being
for the years 1909 to 1913 inclusive and the
last for the years 1912 and 1913:
Cahaba Southern Coal Mining Co., $293,250;
Little Cahaba Coal Co., $1,800,000; Blocton-Cahaba
Coal Co., $1,200,000; Roden Coal Co., $1,500,-
000; Bessemer Iron & Land Co., $1,800,000; Red
Feather Coal Co., $1,500,000; Galloway Coal Co.,
$1,200,000; Choctaw Coal & Mining Co. (1912 and
1913). $400,000.
The exports of coal from the United States during
October, 1913, were: Anthracite. 425,341 tons,
value, $2,316,372; bituminous, 1,749,693 tons, value,
$4,448,341; coke, 69,005 tons, value, $262,944. Foi
the ten months ending October, 1913, the exports
were: Anthracite, 3,598,343 tons, value, $19,073,003;
bituminous, 15,543,656 tons, value, $39,225,446;
coke, 731,868 tons, value, $2,742,225. These figures
do not include bunker coal.
In order to furnish power to about 12 coal operations
located on their holdings, Montgomery,
Clothier & Tyler have installed a plant at Sharpless,
W. Va., on Coal river, at a cost of $75,000.

SENATOR BORAH SCORES MARTIAL LAW IN
WEST VIRGINIA IN A "STATEMENT OF
FACTS."
A severe arraignment of the authorities who
administered martial law in West Virginia from
September, 1912, to June, 1913, when the Cabin
and Paint Creek coal strikes were in progress,
is contained in a sub-committee report made public
January 4 by Senator Borah, a member of the
Senate committee that conducted an investigation
into all phases of the West Virginia disturbance.
The report does not bear the formal indorsement
of the full Senate committee, but was given
out as a "statement of fact," prepared by Senator
Borah as the member charged with preparing
that section of the report bearing on court-martial
trials and alleged violations of law by the
military courts.
After briefly reviewing the incidents of the
establishment of martial law and its maintenance
in the Cabin Creek and Paint Creek districts for
nearly a year, Senator Borah's statement sets
forth:
"That during the reign of martial law a number
of individuals were arrested, tried and convicted
and sentenced and punished for offenses
alleged to have been committed by them.
"That these parties were arrested upon orders
issued by the military authorities and not by
virtue of any warrant issued by the civil authorities
or from the established courts of the state,
and were put upon their trial, without the finding
of any indictment by the grand jury, before
a court-martial created by the order of the commander-in-chief
and composed of individuals
selected by him.
"That the charges made against these parties
thus put upon their trial were in the nature of
specifications drawn up and presented by the
military authorities, and upon these they were
put upon their trial before said court-martial
without a jury.
"That in the trial of these parties and in the
assessing of punishments the court before which
they were tried deemed itself bound alone by the
orders of the commander-in-chief, the governor
of the state, and in no respect bound to observe
the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution
of the statutes of the state of West
Virginia relaive to the trial and punishment of
parties charged with crime.
"That at the time these arrests were made and
the trials and convictions had, the civil courts
were open, holding their terms as usual, disposing
of cases and dispensing justice in the usual
and ordinary manner.
"That in some instances arrests were made
outside the military zone and at a time when
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
martial law did not prevail, and when such arrests
were made the parties were turned over
by the civil authorities to the military authorities
for detention, trial and punishment.
"That in rendering judgment and assessing
punishment the parties were punished by terms
of imprisonment unknown to the statutes in excess
of the punishment provided for such offense
under the laws of the state.
"That a number of these parties were sent to
jail and many to the state penitentiary under
sentences from this court-martial as approved
by the governor.
"That the parties sentenced to the penitentiary
were received into the penitentiary as ordinary
convicts and treated in every respect as parties
sentenced for crimes by the criminal courts of
the state.
"That great feeling and interest doubtless prevailed
generally throughout the country, but the
existence of this feeling and its effect upon the
grand and petit juries was not tested by the calling
of a grand jury, or the submitting of the
charges against these persons to a grand jury,
and no attempt was made to try them before a
petit jury—the officers of the county, after the
declaration of martial law, proceeding upon the
assumption that the feeling and prejudice were
so strong as to prevent the operation of the civil
authorities together with a further belief that
the declaration of martial law had the effect of
suspending and nullifying all constitutional and
statutory rights of the accused."
r CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
The Pursglove-Maher Coal Co. is arranging for
another opening at its Black Diamond mine, at
Martins Ferry, 0. The opening will be designed
to take care of the coal under the Dixon farm.
The Conemaugh Smokeless Coal Co. of Johnstown,
Pa., will develop 2,000 acres of coal in Indiana
county, Pa., the property having been leased
from the Operators Coal Co.
The Woodward Iron Co., of Birmingham, Ala.,
has announced that, about Feb. 1, it will begin the
erection of 30 Koppers by-product coke ovens at
its plant at that place.
The North American Coal Co. of West Virginia,
Morgantown, W. Va., will develop 100 acres of
coal on the Buckhannon & Northern railroad in
West Virginia.
Owen Murphy, of Latrobe, Pa., will open a coal
mine in Coon Island, in Southwestern Washington
countv, Pa., to develop nearly 400 acres of coal.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The international auditors of the United Mine
Workers have completed the audit of the books of
Secretary-Treasurer William Green for the months
of August, September, October and November, and
report that the income was $1,010,649.05 and the
expenditures $957,086.26, leaving a halance of
$278,032.30. It is interesting to note that of the
income $307,188.92 was collected by the special
assessment and $310,000 was borrowed from districts
1, 2, 5, 9, 12, 14, 21 and 22. It also is
interesting to note that $764,529.00 was paid out
in strike benefits in districts 8. 10, 15, 17, 19, 20,
23 and 28.
Two cases, which were taken up by the Anthracite
Conciliation board without agreement being
reached, were decided by Umpire Charles Neill recently.
The first sustains the petition of Thomas
Finnerty, an engineer of the Lehigh & Wilkes-
Barre Coal Co., who asks the board to compel the
company to pay him the wages equal to those paid
to the man who operated the motor engine prior
to his taking the position. In the second decision
the umpire refuses to set aside an established
rate of pay for outside engineers at Clinton colliery
of the D. & H. in favor of a rate at another
colliery.
E. S. Brubaker, foreman of tbe Ivy Ridge mine
at Portage, Pa., has furnished $500 bail for his
appearance at the March term of court to answer
charges of violating the mining laws, preferred
by Mine Inspector Thomas D. Williams. It is
alleged that Brubaker failed to measure the air
currents once a week as required by law, that he
failed to see that holes for shelter are provided
and that the ventilation is carried to the face of
the working place in each room.
Annoyed by the many petty strikes which have
occurred within the past six months for small
causes, the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Coal
Co., through Superintendent C. E. Tobey, has
posted notices at the various collieries to the effect
that the mine workeis would be expected to abide
by the agreement in effect between the operators
and miners' union relative to no discrimination
being made between union ancl non-union men in
the mines.
The strike in the Adrian mine of the Rochester
& Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co., which was called
because several non-union men w-ere at work in
the mine, and which resulted in the company locking
out the men, has been ended by the men accepting
the company's proposition to open the mine
providing the owner was permitted to employ as
many non-union men as before the trouble started.
Lord Balfour of Burleigh, to whom the Scottish
miners' claim for increase of wages was referred
by the Coal Trade Conciliation board, has decided
that the miners' wages shall be advanced by 6%
per cent, on the minimum rate. This equals 3d.
per shift increase, and makes the new wage 7s.
6d. per day. About 90,000 workmen will participate.
On a charge of violating the mining law while
at work for the Manor Coal Co., John Monitka
was arrested by Constable Paul L. Feightner. The
information against Monitka was preferred before
'Squire J. Q. Truxal, of Greensburg, Pa., by Mine
Inspector Arthur Neale. It is alleged the defendant
went past the danger signs.
The election of officers lor District No. 10, United
Mine Workers, the state of Washington, according
to the unofficial returns is as follows: For
president, Martin Flyzik, 3,215 votes; Thomas
Russell, 1,631 votes. For vice president, Ernest
New-sham, 2,481 votes; Lee Bullick, 2,088 votes.
For secretary-treasurer, William Short, 2,645 votes;
Andrew Hayton, 1,956 votes.
Governor Hatfield of West Virginia will likely
be called upon to settle a controversy existing between
the Signal Knob Coal Co., of Ansted, and the
miners who have been on strike since Sept. 1. The
conciliation board failing to reach an agreement on
the matter has ordered that the case be presented
to the governor for adjustment.
Miners' Examining Board Nos. 1 and 2 met at
Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Jan. 2 and 3. to issue miner
certificates. The two boards issued 27 certificates
and refused certificates to 73 who failed to answer
the necessary questions. On Jan. 2 and up to
noon Jan. 3, the boards issued about 40 certificates
and turned down 70 applicants.
George F. Wilson, former secretary-treasurer of
the United Mine Workers at Herrin, 111., who is
alleged to have embezzled $11,000 of the minersmoney,
and who has been missing for two years,
was arrested at Spokane, Wash., recently.
William Cory & Son, English coal factors, plan
to issue 250,000 shares of a par value of £1, to
be offered to the employes at par. The employes
may subscribe to any amount of shares from one
to 100.
Over 200 miners employed by the Nay Aug Coal
Co., Scranton, Pa., went on strike Jan. 2, over an
alleged shortage in their pay.
Coal bargemen in New York harbor have gone
on a strike for an increase in wages from $50 to
$60 per month.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 4.']
1 NEW RULES PROMULGATED BY PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT
OF MINES
Complete new rules for the anthracite mines,
effective January 1, 1914, were promulgated by
Chief of the Department of Mines of Pennsylvania
James E. Roderick, previous to that date. These
rules were sent to the general managers of the
different companies. The letter of transmission
and the rules follow:
Department of Mines,
Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 20, 1913.
General Manager.
Dear Sir: You are aware that the department
of mines through its inspectors has constantly
endeavored to reduce accidents in and about the
anthracite coal mines, and I am pleased to say
that in this work the managers, superintendents
and foremen have heartily co-operated; but notwithstanding
our united and unremitting efforts,
accidents, fatal and otherwise, have occurred with
great frequency. Still hopeful, however, that
some means might be found by which the lives
of the mine workers could be better safeguarded,
I called a general meeting of the anthracite inspectors
at Wilkes-Barre on the 28th and 29th of
October, at which time there was a thorough discussion
of the causes of accidents inside and outside
the mines. The unanimous opinion was
that, to meet the existing conditions, additional
safeguards beyond the requirements of the present
law must be adopted.
The most prolific causes of accidents inside the
mines are. falls, cars, blasts, gas, falling into shafts
or slopes, suffocation and explosives. During the
first 11 months of the present year 510 lives were
lost inside the mines as against 463 for the first
11 months of 1912.
If accidents inside the mines are to be reduced.
and they should be reduced by one-half, special
care and attention must be given to the causes
above enumerated. In all mines, but especially
in mines where the pitch of the seam is less than
35 degrees, accidents from falls must be given the
greatest consideration.
I ask you in the interest of the safety of the
mine workers to put in practice the following suggestions:
TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS BY FALLS.
(a) That in addition to the work of the firebosses
or assistant foremen before the employes
enter the mine, as provided by law, you will order
that two daily inspections of every working place
(except in mines where breasts are being worked
full) be made by the mine foreman or an assistant
mine foreman, one between 7 a. m. and 12
noon, and one between 1 p. m. and 5 p. m., while
the men are or ought to be at work.
(bj That each mine shall be divided into districts
of suitable size and each district shall be
placed in charge of an assistant mine foreman.
IcJ That the mine foreman shall each day
enter plainly and sign with ink. in a book provided
for that purpose, a brief report, stating the
general conditions as to safety of the portion ot
the mine examined by him, describing briefly but
clearly, any dangerous conditions that may have
come under his observation and the methods
adopted to remove them.
(d) That each assistant mine foreman shall
each day enter plainly and sign with ink, in a
book provided for that purpose, a report stating
the general conditions as to safety of the working
places visited in the portion of the mine allotted
to him, describing briefly but clearly, any dangerous
conditions that may have come under his observation
and the methods adopted to remove
them.
(e) That the mine foreman shall read carefully
the daily report of such assistant mine foreman
not later than the following clay ancl shall
countersign the report with ink.
(f) That the mine foreman and assistant mine
foreman on their daily inspection tours shall see
that general rule 12 is being complied with, and
in addition see that props are properly placed and
fastened securely at top and bottom, so they can
not be displaced by flying coal unless broken, bin
if displaced or broken, they shall be replaced liefore
any other \vork is done.
TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS MY .MINE CARS.
(al That all gangways and main haulage roads
driven after January 1, 1914, where employes
travel and coal is hauled thereon, shall have a
clear space of two and one-half feet from the top
rail of the car to the rib, and also to the timber.
which shall be made and continued throughout
on the same side of the passageway, if, in the
judgment of the inspector, the conditions will permit;
and all such space shall be kept free from
obstructions. However, if it is found impracticable
by the inspector to provide such spaces, then
safety holes of ample dimensions shall be made
on the same side, and not more than 100 feet apart,
which shall be kept clear of obstructions anel
whitewashed.
(b) That the distance between props and top
rails of cars used in breasts shall not be less than
two feet and said space shall be kept free from
obstructions.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
(c) That the height of gangways and traveling-ways
wherein employes have to travel into
and out of the mines, shall not be less than five
feet six inches from the top of sill to roof.
(d) That no person under the age of 17 years
shall be employed as runner or driver in any mine.
(e) That no person except the driver shall
ride on the front end of the car, and no person
shall ride between cars, and upon the request of
the inspector a seat shall be provided for the
driver.
(f) That in slopes where persons are lowered
or hoisted, special cars shall be provided for that
purpose, the cars to be approved by the inspector
of the district.
(g) That in gangways where platforms are
used, platforms shall not extend over the top rail
of the car.
(h) That where chutes are used they shall not
extend more than 12 inches over the top rail of
the car, unless they are at least 16 inches above
the top rail.
(il That when a breast is finished or abandoned
for over 30 days, all chutes and platforms
that may extend over the top rail of the car shall
be removed.
Ill REDUCE ACCIDENTS HY BLASTS.
(a) That wherever practicable, all blasts inside
the mines shall be exploded by an electric
battery.
(b) Tnat all such batteries used shall be approved
by the mine foreman, and he shall instruct
the miners as to their use, so blasts can be exploded
with greater safety.
(el That only one kind of explosive shall be
used in the same hole.
(d) That all shot holes in coal shall be tamped
to the mouth.
(e) That a charge of high explosives in coal
that has missed fire shall not be withdrawn nor
shall the hole be reopened.
TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS FROM EXPLOSIONS OF GAS.
(al That the superintendent shall, as far as
practicable, see that the provisions of general
rules 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are complied with.
(b) That crossheadings between inlet and outlet
airways in each split of air when closed permanently
shall be substantially closed with walls
of concrete, or of stone or brick laid in cement
or lime mortar. Provided, however, that the inspector
may give written approval of other suitable
material in mines with heavy pitches.
(c) That cross headings between breasts, except
those nearest the face, shall be closed, and a
brattice from the last crossheading shall be erected
so as to conduct the air to the face. Provided,
however, that the closing of such crossheadings
and the erection of a brattice may he omitted on
the written consent of the inspector.
(d) That each breast when finished shall have
a crossheading driven at the face to prevent an
accumulation of explosive gas.
(e) That every permanent overcast or undercast
built hereafter shall be substantially built of
incombustible material.
(f) That in each mine there shall be telephone
connections between the surface and all important
parts of the mine, ancl an attendant shall be on
duty at all times at the telephone on the surface.
TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS IN SHAFTS.
(a) That every shaft and also every slope with
an angle of over 35 degrees, wherein men are
lowered and hoisted, shall have safety gates at the
top and also at each intermediate lift thereof,
which shall be controlled by cage, gunboat or car.
ib) That where men are lowered or hoisted
in such shafts or slopes, a safety device that will
prevent overwinding and also control the speed
of cage, gunboat or cars at all times, shall be attached
to the engine.
TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS BY EXPLOSIVES.
(a) That not more than five pounds of high
explosives shall ba taken into a mine at any one
time by any one person, unless more is required
for use in that shift.
lb) That high or permissible explosives shall
not be sold for use in mines, unless the name of
the manufacturer and name and grade ot explosives
are stamped on each stick.
(c) That detonators shall at all times be kept
separate and apart from other explosives until
required for use.
(d) That no frozen explosives shall be sold or
given to any employe.
(e) That no person shall thaw explosives inside
or outside the mines, except by the method
recommended by the manufacturer.
(f) That black powder shall not be sold loose
in kegs, cases or packages, but shall be sold in
cartridges, ancl shall not be taken into the mine,
except in non-conductive receptacles.
(g) That detonators shall be sold in boxes of
10 in a box, and not more than one box shall be
sold to any one person at one time, unless more
are necessary for a day's work.
TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS FROM ELECTRICITY.
(a) That when electric power is used in and
about the mines, it shall be cared for in accordance
with Article XI of the Bituminous Mine Act
of June 9, 1911, so far as it can be applied to anthracite
mines.
GASOLINE AND OIL.
(a) That six months after January 1, 1914,
locomotives using coal, gasoline or oil shall not
be used inside of any mine, and the use of gasoline
or oil for generating power for any other purpose
shall also be prohibited.

TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS BY CARS ON SURFACE.
(a) That railroad cars and other cars shall be
handled with care.
(b) That safety switches shall be placed above
all breakers, so as to safeguard the leaders, and
at any other place when requested by the inspector.
TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS FROM SUFFOCATION IN CHUTES.
(aI That no person shall shovel coal in any
pocket until the loader is notified.
lb) That the loader shall not load from any
pocket until he is informed that the person or
persons are out of the pocket.
RESCUE AND FIRST AID COUPS SHALL BE ESTABLISHED.
ta) That rescue corps and first aid corps shall
be established at each colliery or at each group
of collieries as agreed upon between the superintendent
and the inspector.
You are kindly requested to order that the suggestions
given in this letter be carried out, as it
is the sincere desire of the department, and I
know it to be your desire also, to make a record
for the year 1914 in the way of reducing accidents
in the mines.
Kindly acknoweldge receipt of this communica­
tion. JAMES E. RODEUICK,
Chief of Department of Mines.
DECEMBER ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS.
The anthracite shipments for December, 1913,
as compared with 1912 were:
Companies. 1913. 1912.
Philadelphia & Reading.... 1,058,723 1,223,880
Lehigh Valley 1,062,57S 1,108,765
Central R. R. of N. J 663,395 760.419
Dela., Lackawanna & West. 839,384 850,977
Delaware & Hudson 590,158 598,969
Pennsylvania 546,976 543,361
Erie 709,431 667,532
Ontario & Western 191,973 190,539
Total 5,662,61S 5,944,502
The shipments for the year 1913 as compared
with 1912 were:
Month, 1913. 1912.
January 6,336,419 5,763,696
February 5,674,169 5,875,968
March 4,909,288 6,569,687
April 5,966,189 266,625
May 5,995,742 1,429,357
June 5,970,047 6,191,646
July 5,487,852 6,285,153
August 5,369,900 6,576,591
September 5,572,279 5,876,496
October 6,338,194 6,665,321
November 5,786,931 6,165,536
December 5,662,618 5.944,506
Totals 69,069,628 63,610,578
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
VIRGINIAN SHIPMENTS.
The coal shipments over the Virginian railway
in tons for the month of November, 1913, were:
Coal, Net, Tons.
Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern R. R 44,725
New River Collieries Co 38,818
E. E. White Coal Co 33,548
Slab Fork Coal Co 28,595
Loup Creek Colliery Co 27,304
Gulf Smokeless Coal Co 26,435
E. E. White Coal Co 24,002
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 19,535
McAlpin Coal Co 16,713
Winding Gulf Colliery Co 15,208
New River Collieries Co 14,198
Raleigh Coal & Coke Co 13,741
Bailey Wood Coal Co. 12,459
Gulf Coal Co 11.495
The New River Co 11,486
Long Branch Coal Co In,740
The New River Co 9,696
Sullivan Coal & Coke Co 9,389
Lynwin Coal Co 9,007
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 6,035
The New River Co 4,896
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co 4,181
The New River Co 4,137
The New River Co 3,878
The New River Co 3,409
The New River Co 3,114
The New River Co 3,066
Woodpeck Coal Co 2,884
Meade Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co 2,467
Pemberton Fuel Co 2,406
The New River Co 2,150
Mount Hope Coal & Coke Co 2,059
City Coal Co 195
Total 421,971
One Hundred Rats a Month.
Is a record for one trap in one establishment.
but that is the number caught in a livery stable
in Scranton. Pa., in one of the traps invented by
H. D. Swarfs of that city, see ad. on page 12. this
issue. Adv.
The Cincinnati Coal Exchange board of directors
met Dec. 31 and named the executive officers of
the exchange for the ensuing year. C. R. Moriarty,
of the Cabin Creek Consolidated Coal Co., was
elected president; Captain C. J. Menges, of the
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.,
was elected vice president, and J. H. Briscoe, of
the Hinsch-Briscoe Coal Co., was elected secretarytreasurer.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
COMMISSION ON RESUSCITATION FROM ELECTRIC SHOCK
RECOMMENDS MELTZER APPARATUS
The older rules for artificial respiration, which
were widely posted in this country, described
the Silvester method, a method which directs
that the victim of the accident be laid on his
back, and his chest expanded and compressed by
drawing his arms forward and then pushing them
back against his ribs. After these rules were
published, however, a new method of artificial
respiration was devised by Sir E. A. Schafer, of
Edinburgh, called by him the "prone pressure
method." It consists in laying the victim on his
belly and applying pressure rhythmically on the
loins and lowest ribs.
Since there was some difference of opinion regarding
the relative merits of these two methods
of artificial respiration, and since the time seemed
ripe for a revision of the old rules and for a
possible standardization of new rules for resuscitation,
President Gilchrist, of the National
Electric Light Association, requested that the
American Medical Association and the American
Institute of Electrical Engineers co-operate with
his own Association in this undertaking. Through
the appointment of representatives of these Associations
a Commission on Resuscitation from
Electric Shock was organized in the autumn of
1911, with the following membership:
For the American Medical Association, Dr. XV.
B. Cannon (chairman). Professor of Physiology,
Harvard University; Dr. George W. Crile, Professor
of Surgery, Western Reserve University;
Dr. Yandell Henderson, Professor of Physiology,
Yale University; ancl Dr. S. J. Meltzer, head of
the department of Physiology and Pharmacology
in the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
For the National Electric Light Association,
Dr. E. A. Spitzka, Director and Professor
of General Anatomy, Daniel Baugh, Institute of
Anatomy, Jefferson Medical College, and Mr. Wm.
C. L. Eglin, Past-President of the National Electric
Light Association. For the American Institute
of Electrical Engineers, Dr. A. E. Kennelly,
Professor of Electrical Engineering, Harvard
University, and Dr. Elihu Thomson, Electrician,
General Electric Company. Mr. XX. D. Weaver,
editor of the "Electrical World," was elected
Secretary of the Commission.
The Commission was confronted with three
problems: (1) The determination of the best
manual method of artificial respiration that can
be instantly applied by laymen, and the clear
description of that method; 12) a consideration
of special mechanical appliances for continuing
*The Commission read its report before the National Electric
Light Association Convention, Chicago, June. 1913.
artificial respiration, and the possible invention
of a simple and effective arrangement the action
of which might be quickly and easily learned;
(3) an investigation of the possibilities of restoring
the fibrillating heart to its natural pulsation.
The third of these problems has not been
solved, and possibly, because of the sensitiveness
of important nerve cells of the brain to lack of
blood supply, a sensitiveness which results in
abolition of their functions wdien deprived of
blood for about ten minutes, the solution of the
problem in a manner permitting the life of the
individual to continue may be impracticable.
The advantages of the manual method of artificial
respiration as exemplified by the Schafer
and Sylvester methods are discussed, and the
commission then says:
The foregoing observations indicate that, so far
as the amount of ventilation of the lungs is concerned,
the Schafer method, reinforced by the
extension of the arms forward, is decidedly better
than that suggested by Silvester. Ancl this advantage,
taken in conjunction with its greater
simplicity ancl safety, caused the commission to
vote unanimously in favor of the prone pressure
method of artificial respiration as an effective
means of giving immediate aid.
Mechanical methods of artificial respiration are
then taken up and the Pulmoter and the Dr.
Watt apparatus are thoroughly discussed and
then the report goes on to say:
About a year ago Dr. Meltzer published a brief
communication on pharyngeal insufflation as a
method of artificial respiration. It was based
upon the following considerations. When air is
insufflated into the pharynx it may escape from
there through the nose, the mouth, into the
stomach and into the lungs. In order to have it
enter the lungs the facilities for escape through
the other exits must be prevented or greatly reduced.
The escape through the nose was practically
prevented by the elastic tube in the
pharynx which raised the soft palate and thus
shut off the exit into the nasopharynx. The
escape through the mouth was sufficiently restricted
by applying pressure under the chin.
The evil effects of the entrance of air into the
stomach were met by two methods: In one a
tube was introduced into the stomach; this tube
restricted on the one hand the entrance of air
into the oesophagus, and on the other hand readily
removed the surplus air from the stomach.
In the other method a heavy weight was placed
upon the abdomen, which effectively restricted
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 58)
)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
VITAL ISSUES OF MINING ARE DISCUSSED IN PLAIN TALK*
J By George Otis Smith
Whatever the forum selected, public discussion
in America tends to evoke more language than
ideas. Most of us err in this way, and we all
teel the influence when we think aloud before our
assembled fellows, with the result that we sometimes
strive less for common sense than for uncommon
sound. Plain ideas are dressed up in
boi rowed or imported finery with all the tender
care that a foncl mother lavishes upon her little
girl going to a first party, so that too often the
practical man who knows the work-a-day world at
first hand delivers an address conspicuous for the
elegant words which completely envelop and conceal
plain facts and solid opinions that deserve
more appropriate treatment.
Plain talk is more becoming than oratory to a
time like the present, when the signs point to
large changes in the world of business and industry.
Vital issues, that are real and not fancied,
bring us together, and our concern in these
issues arises fiom our interest in our country and
ourselves. The exact distribution of this interest
varies somewhat with the individual, but all
of us are very much alive to whatever affects the
welfare of ourselves and of our fellows. We
need, then, only to face these issues squarely and
discuss them in plain language. The members
of the American Mining congress are men connected
in one way or another with the business of
taking out of the ground things that are useful.
With rare exceptions, we are everyday citizens
blessed with more practical experience than
theory. Our purpose in life, in a business way,
is simply to put into use the mineral wealth that
is now locked up in the rock vaults. This wealth
includes the coal and oil that oui fellow-citizens
need for heating and lighting their homes and running
their trains ancl autos, the iron and copper
ancl lead and other metallic ancl non-metallic materials
that are so necessary to the structuies of
this twentieth century, and the mineral feltilizers
without which our farmers will soon find themselves
unable to feed us. Mining is a productive
industry of the first rank, and it is plain that our
mines are fairly essential to human welfare.
Here, then, if anywhere, do the problems of common
interest to both Ihe public and
THE MINING INDUSTRY
deserve to be discussed in plain language that the
everyday man uses and understands.
He was a dreamer who complained that "the
limes are sadly out of joint." but even practical
*Address delivered before the Convention ot American Mining
Congress. Philadelphia. Pa., October 22, 1913.
men must adniil that we are facing days of great
changes in the relations of government to business.
It is a changing order, and this is no
time to shut our eyes to what is immediately liefore
us. Precedents are regarded as out of date,
behind tbe times, ancl the good old days of unrestricted
competition have passed, apparently
never to return. In the language of the street,
it is now up to the practical man to he]]) lo ster*r
the new* social movement, for lo try to stop it is
simply to court disaster, nor will the quick application
of brakes stop the skidding. In the world
of business an evolution has begun which can and
should be responsive to all the conditions of industry
and the principles of economics, but if,
on the other hand, there is much dogged resistance
tn this evolution by those who might be termed
the second lieutenants of industry, such action
will simply tend to force the public approval ancl
adoption of a more revolutionary policy. This
approaching readjustment of the old and new appears
to me a dangerous subject for experiments
by office seekers, politicians ancl amateur reformers;
it will prove a real task for men accustomed
to measure costs, balance opposing factors, and.
above all. patiently and impartially test out opinions
wilb facts.
Inasmuch as our twentieth century civilization
is in a very large degree due to the work of that
class of highly trained yet thoroughly practical
men to whom we give the collective name engineers,
Professor Swain performed a needed public
service last June when in his presidential address
he urged his fellow-members of the American
Society of Civil Engineers to throw themselves
into the work of solving the social problems
of today. The times are indeed ripe for
the citizen with an engineer's training and experience,
ancl especially with bis scientific, breadth
of view, and, above all, his appreciation of the
controlling value of hard facts, to enter upon a
larger share of the duties of citizenship. In a
talk before the Philadelphia Engineers' club last
winter I stated the same idea more pointedly when
1 suggested that "a lobby at Washington of engineers
with high ideals of profession and citizenship
would be a power for good."
Mr. Brook Adams just recently has similarly
given applied science credit for the present
STATUS 01* CIVILIZATION
ancl social movement, and I understand Mr. Adams'
view to be that to the employment and generous
support of applied science has been largely due
the former almost impregnable position of the capi-

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
talist class. Does not the remedy for presentday
evils seem to be for the scientist, the engineer,
to enter the service of the people, simply
by taking a larger interest in civic questions and
exercising a larger influence in public matters?
To consider now perhaps the most important
matter in which this body is particularly interested,
namely, the federal legislation needed to
promote mining on the public lands, we will find
it imperative to recognize certain ideas that have
won large popular support, if not adoption, by the
majority, especially, as these ideas have never
been written into our archaic mining laws. Stated
plainly, some of these ideas sound commonplace.
but it is on commonplaces that we must build,
if we are to have laws fitted for everyday use. I
will mention ce'-tain of these almost axiomatictruths
for two good reasons: In the first place,
they are probably not accepted by all who are
connected with the mining industry, and secondly.
as I have just hinted, these commonplaces of today
have little or no expression in the statutes under
which the miner in the West must operate.
Here are some principles to which no group of
individuals can assert a claim based on prior discovery
or continuous possession; they belong in
fee simple to that large body of Americans who
have come to realize that unregulated private
monopoly and good citizenship are antagonistic
terms. The public possesses greater rights than
any individual or corporation. Private enterprise
must be subordinated to the public good.
Big business is not necessarily either vicious or
unfriendly to public interest, but big business
more than small business is in need of a strong
c ontrol by the people. The day of big business,
in the sense of unnatural and unrestrained monopoly
and special privilege, is passing. Effective
inspection and intelligent regulation of industry
by the people's representatives will increase. The
bright light of publicity should and will shine on
the inner workings of all private business which
either touches or controls the production and distribution
of the necessaries of life, and publicity
is logically the first step in regulation by the
people.
All these propositions must, I believe, he accepted
as premises in the formation of any new
mining statutes whose purpose is to provide at
all adequately for the present and the future.
Nor are these all; other principles applying more
particularly to
THIS LEGISLATIVE PROBLEM
are hardly less fundamental. Mining has become
a business rather than a gamble. The federal
government, no less than the state governments, is
concerned, not with restriction or reservation, but
with promotion and encouragement of new mines
and increased mineral output to the fullest extent
necessary to meet current market demands for
each product. Every generation has its own right
to use natural resources, but no generation has
the right to abuse or waste whatever mineral
wealth it inherits. Not only advances in publicopinion,
but also changes in economic conditions
place demands upon legislation, and the mineral
land laws of 20, 40 or 50 years ago cannot meet
the requirements of today. To illustrate: The
coal mined west of the Mississippi river in 1873
amounted to less than 2,000,000 tons, and last
year to over 58,000,000 tons. The oil production
in the public land states in 1897 was 2,000.000 barrels
ancl last year 141,000,000 barrels, yet 1873 and
1897 are the dates of tbe latest federal enactments
providing for the acquisition of coal and oil lands,
respectively. Here are some infant industries
that have grown up and deserve laws to fit.
In order to serve the American people, a term
which includes capitalist as well as mine worker,
and consumer as well as mine operator, the new
laws recognize every factor in the complex task
of taking something out of the ground and making
it useful. Every man who has a part in this
undertaking, from prospector to ultimate consumer,
has his rights, and these rights must be
recognized, measured and protected. All these
men are in reality partners in the enterprise.
Any undue advantage allowed to any one partner
is pretty sure to involve unfair treatment of one
or more of the others. The prices of mine products
cannot be regulated, as some radicals advocate,
nor can either the industry or the prices
even be subjected to beneficial influence, except
as full consideration is given to costs.
Increase in mine safety, decrease in waste
and improvement of working conditions, in
part at least, will involve increase in operating
expenses and may therefore raise prices. Open
books and standardized accounting will soon come
to be the rule in all large productive operations.
The people will demand full opportunity to knowall
the elements of cost in the coal they burn—
whether or not the land owner ancl the operator
are making a profit or a loss, whether the mine
worker gets a living wage and what are his working
conditions, whether the transportation company
and the middleman are receiving their share
or more than their share. The public doesn't
want to stop or obstruct private business, but it
does demand that fair play be the rule of the game.
To come now to the question of what is needed
in mineral land legislation, a
PLAIN STATEMENT OF FACTS
will help. Legislative programs too often resemble
the hotel bill of fare which the average
citizen has to ask the waiter to translate. In

my opinion, we want these laws for the coal and
oil and phosphate lands first of all for the sake
of the citizens who wisn to use the mineral product
from these lands. Not that other citizens
are not to be served by the new legislation, but
as new consumers we are all concerned with prices,
and, to benefit tbe many as well as the few, legislation
must, favor low costs. I should therefore
put down as the first essential of mineral land
legislation that no provision in the law should
place any unnecessary charge, burden or operating
cost upon the operator. Accordingly, no royalty
should be imposed with the primary purpose of
revenue. The consumer will surely pay the tax,
if the charge paid to the government landlord is
imposed for other than purposes of administration
and of control in the interest of the consumer.
The most recently issued waterpower permits provide
that the federal government shall receive a
royalty which varies directly with the square of
the average price paid by the public for the electric
current. The less the consumer pays, the less
the government landlord receives.
A large burden which the mining industry now
has to bear and which should be lightened is that
made up of the various risks and uncertainties that
attend it. In mining there is guess work enough
of Nature's own making to give the industry all
the speculative flavor it needs. As I have pointed
out in a paper published this month by the American
Institute of Mining Engineers, any investment
risk increases both cost and selling price, and
whatever the origin of that risk, the ultimate consumer
will find that he pays the carrying charge.
For this reason, in order to lower the cost of coal,
I favor a leasing law. rather than the present
method of selling government coal lands at an appraised
valuation. Any scheme of selling an undeveloped
resource involves uncertainties in valuation,
and the risk thus created is liberally discounted
by the operator—necessarily and properly,
I may add, for his own protection, but the public
pays the bill. Even more important is the feature
that under the lease the operator is relieved from
all the burden of land investment.
Other illustrations of uncertainties that can and
should be cut out will occur to those of you who
are more familiar with mining than I am. I
may mention, however, the unnecessary risk that
has been forced on tl e oil prospector in the possibility
of having his claim jumped by a more resourceful
driller. Absolute protection during a
PROPER; PETHOD OF EXPLORATION
should be made a feature of every mining law.
Another unnecessary and very costly risk has been
mentioned by H. V. Winchell—the extra-lateral
right embodied in our lode law. Mere mention of
the "apex" brings to mind litigation that has
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
wasted the substance of western mine owners like
a plague, many a long-continued suit being almost
as disastrous to the successful litigant as to his
opponent. Even where lawsuits have been avoided,
fear of them has constituted an element of risk
that surely found its place in the financing ancl
operating of a mine on a lode claim.
Second in importance only to this matter of protecting
the mineral producer from unnecessary
operating costs is the need of offering to the developer
of an unused resource an inducement commensurate
with the hazardous or speculative character
of his undertaking. This cuts both ways.
To promote development, mining laws should attract
the men having the knowledge and capital
necessary to engage in the business of mining,
but it does not follow that mining on the publicdomain
should be set up like a public lottery, with
the same big prizes for all comers, whatever the
risk taken. Too often in the past the practice
has been for the majority of locators to sit by and
watch a few real miners test out the ground, when,
if a strike was made, these hangers-on at once had
valuable claims to sell. The "wildcatter," who
in his compliance with both spirit and letter of
the law has risked his last cent in discovering oil,
has received no more land from the government
than the school teachers, drygoods clerks and barkeepers
whose names have decorated the paper
locations for miles about. The present system
has passed out too many large premiums to those
who didn't even take a chance—at least their stake
was only a picayune compared with the bonanza
prize. This means unearned increment in large
amounts, and in the end the consumer pays for it.
To continue this kind of mineral land lottery is
bad economics. On the other hand, however, any
law for the disposition of mineral land, whether
by lease or not, should provide large rewards for
the real prospector and the wildcatter, who so
often stake their all against an uncertain and
secretive Nature; when they lose out they have no
redress, and when they win, their discoveries usually
add more to the nation's wealth than to their
own pockets. They deserve to be in the preferred
class; but why offer the same rewards to
the taggers-on, who simply rush in to grab a share
in a sure thing?
A third side of this proposition is the question
of the inalienable right of each citizen to his share
of the nation's mineral wealth. This vague right
has possibly come to appear more definite and substantial
in recent years because of magazine statistics
setting forth our per capita share in the
WONDROUS WEALTH
represented by Alaskan coal, but even writers with
much more information and sense also speak of
the unconditional free grant of valuable minerals
as the something-for-nothing that goes with Ameri-

•50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
can citizenship. There is more reason in figur­
ing the citizen's right and inteiest in any undeveloped
minerals as a double one: First, that
measured by the possibility of the mineral being
mined and thus made, useful at a cosi to him that
shall not be unnecessary high, and second, his
right to an equal chance to undertake mining
within the limits of his own ability. He has abso­
lutely no right to a speculative profit from public
mineral lands, and his profit as a producer should
be measured by his own productive contribution.
It follows that it is absurd to talk about free or
unconditional grants of mineral land as a per­
quisite of American citizenship. The privilege
should pass only on condition of productive labor.
The real intent ancl, in fact, the stated purpose of
our niining statutes is development which means
use, and some attempt has been made in each law
to make that the condition of occupancy of mineral
land. This principle seems absolutely right, ancl
new legislation needs only to enforce the idea best
set forth by Mr. Kirby at the Tonopah meeting of
the Mining congress—"Dig or get off the claim."
As I remember his plain talk on the facts, we do
not need to blame either Congress or the Land
Department for the paralysis of niining districts.
but only look around the camp and see the idle
claims whose owners are waiting for something
to turn up and somebody else to turn it up. The
law needs to offer Opportunity only to the mineral
entryman who uses that opportunity. Equal opportunity
is more theoretical than practical with
men who are unequal in capacity and purpose.
The use the citizen is to make of the land should
be the measure of his right ancl privilege.
In the matter of acreages, the various mineral
land laws present some curious features. The
law maker appears to have harked back to the
homestead idea, but it takes little experience to
show that 160 acres, which will provide a home
on the land, count for little, for instance, in the
opening of a coal mine that will have a halfmillion
ton annual output and involve a half-million
dollar investment. These legal obstacles
naturally resulted in the creation of a class of
dummy entrymen and speculative middlemen, who
grabbed government land for the purpose of selling
it to the bona-fide coal operators. Experience
shows that it is a purposeless ancl bad economic
policy for the gocernTnent to dispose of such mineral
lands in small parcels, simply to give everyone
his chance. Let the* particular use to which
the land is to be put determine the
APPROPRIATE ACREAGE.
and give the man who is to put tlie land to tiiat
use the chance to deal directly with the federal
owner, and not force; him to pay an idle middle­
man's profit.
With these purposes in mind, and with clue re­
gard for changed conditions, both in the mining
industry and in public opinion, bow can federal
legislation meet the nation's need? As a summary
I can do no better than express my concep­
tion of the main essentials of a new mining code,
following in general the analysis of the whole
problem recently outlined by the special committee
of the Mining and Metallurgy Society of
America:
First: Land classification is the duty of the
landlord, private or federal, as a preliminary to
the disposition of any or all of the natural re­
sources the land contains. Separation of surface
and mineral rights follows as the logical result of
classification, wherever there is any reason to consider
that there may be more than one estate in
tlie land
Second: While the title to tbe surface of lands
suitable for agricultural use should be granted in
fee, thus continuing the wise policy of encouraging
home-making, public interest and the need of protecting
the consumer against private monopoly are
believed to justify the retention in the government
of such surface resources as timber and water
power, because their cheapest and fullest use is
best secured by operation in large units. Even
more important is the reservation by the govern­
ment, at the time that the surface patent is
granted, of all mineral wealth beneath the surface
for separate disposition, under mineral land laws.
in private transfers of land the reservation of
mineral rights is becoming more and more the
common practice.
Third: The possessory title to the mineral
should be retained in the government, not for the
purpose of asserting any theory of "sovereign
patrimony" or "••egalian right," but simply as a
practical method of assuring development under
the best conditions. Let us regard the federal
government as a trustee rather than as a sover­
eign landlord, and the idea ancl purpose of proprietorship
by tbe people become more easily understood.
The application of the lease idea to the mining
of precious metals, while logical in certain re­
spects, is not at all of comparable importance with
its application to what have been termed "public
utility" mineral resources, such as coal, petroleum,
phosphate and potash. The utilization of this
class of resources is of prime importance, and
questions relating to their disposition have a practical
rather than an academic interest.
Leasehold has the advantage over permanent
alienation in that it allows the government to
EXERCISE CONTINUED CONTROL
in the public interest. Such control is essential
in order to promote use and discourage speculative
non-use. to prevent control of large land hold­
ings by powerful corporations for such monopoli-

zation as works to the detriment of the consumer,
and also to permit and even to promote consolidation
of holdings and centralization of operation
where large units are favorable to the public interest.
To work out control of this type, the mining law
should provide for prospecting permits that will
give exclusive occupancy during short periods—
long enough, however, for full exploration—under
terms and conditions whose sole purpose should
be to insure that only bona-fide prospectors will
enter the land and that they will do purposeful
work. The annual assessment farce has had a
long enough run. Tbe prospecting permit will
ripen into a lease whenever the results of exploration
justify the operation of the property on a
producing basis. Where tbe proof of coal or oil
or other mineral substance in niinable quantity
is a discovery of the type termed "wild-cat" in the
case of oil. the prospector rendering such service
to the industry ancl to the public should receive
his lease upon purely nominal terms.
No bonus or rent should be exacted from the
lessee, except possible rent during any period of
temporary cessation of production, and that simply
as a means of discouraging non-use. The
royalty on the product, whether figured on quantity
or value of output or on net returns, should
be no higher than is necessitated by royalties 01
other charges prevailing for similar products under
private leases in the same locality. Wherever the
price to Ihe consumer could be
DIRECT! V AFFECTED
by the royalty to the people's trustee, the royalty
should be lowered to a nominal figure.
The essential features of the lease should be conditions
enforcing full and continuous use. economy
and safety of operation, and control of occupancy.
Transfers should not be prohibited, but simply
made subject to approval by the people's representative.
If in an)' i eg ion large units of production
are seen to favor lower costs and a longer
lived industry, all for the public good, consolidation
of holdings should be encouraged and transfers
of leases permitted; but if the purpose of
large holdings is monopolization in order to curtail
production and raise prices, transfers to that
end should be denied the executive approval necessary
to make them effective.
As I look ah Bad, and not so far ahead, either,
I believe I see the following propositions stand
out plainly in the future status of mining on the
public lands:
The mining men, like the rest of the people.
will see that this big productive business belongs
in the public-service class.
Because its products are so largely necessaries
of life, the mining industry will be regulated by
the people.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 5]
The control of public mineral lands will be exercised
largely through a leasing system, simply because
in this way tbe public owner and private
operator can best co-operate, and the purpose of
this sympathetic co-operation will be to lower costs
of production in order to permit reasonable prices
to the consumer, and at the same time provide fair
wages to the mine worker ancl adequate profits to
the capitalists and operator. That will be public
control, but not Socialism.
NEW PUBLICATIONS BUREAU OF MINES.
(List 25.—January, 1914)
nULLETINS.
Bulletin 66. Tests of permissible explosives, by
Clarence Hall and S. P. Howell. 1913. 313 pp.,
1 pi., 6 figs.
Bulletin 70. A preliminary report on uranium,
radium, and vanadium, by R. B. Moore and K. L.
Kithil. 1913. 101 pp., 4 pis., 2 figs.
TECHNICAL PAPERS.
Technical Paper 50. Metallurgical coke, by A.
W. Belden. 1913. 48 pp., 21 figs.
Technical Paper 54. Errors in gas analysis due
to assuming that the molecular volumes of all
gases are alike, by G. A. Burrell and F. M. Seibert.'
1913. 16 pp., 1 fig.
Technical Paper 56. Notes on the prevention of
dust ancl gas explosions in coal mines, by G. S.
Rice. 1913. 24 pp.
MINERS' CIRCULAR.
Miners' Circular 7. The use and misuse of explosives
in coal mining, by J. J. Rutledge. 1913.
52 pp., S figs.
The Bureau of Mines has copies of these publications
for free distribution, but cannot give
more than one copy of the same bulletin to one
person. Requests for all papers cannot be granted
without satisfactory reason. In asking for publications,
please order them by number and title.
Applications should be addressed to the Director
of the Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.
The total coal receipts at Superior and Duluth
for the 1913 season were 16,991,669 tons, according
to the final report of the I'nited States Army engineers
at the Twin Ports. The total is divided
into 2.044,156 tons of anthracite and 8,947,513 tons
of bituminous. The receipts at Superior were 7.-
223,726, divided into 1,680,870 tons of anthracite
and 5,542,856 tons of bituminous. At Duluth the
total was 3,767,943, of which 3.404,657 tons was
bituminous and 363,286 tons anthracite. The 1913
total is over 2,000,000 tons heavier lhan the receipts
in 1912.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TEXT OF AMENDMENTS OF
TENNESSEE'S MINING LAWS.
The following is the text of the three amendments
to the mining laws of Tennessee passed
by the extra session of the state legislature during
September, 1913.
CHAPTER No. 24.
Senate Bill No. 192.
AN ACT to require the operators of coal mines
in this State to provide and keep suitable appliances,
bandages, dressings, and medicines
for the first aid to the injured in said mines.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly
of the State of Tennessee, That every operator
of a coal mine in this State shall provide
and keep in a convenient place at or near the
mouth of said mine, and in a room where the
same shall be well protected, a suitable stretcher,
bandages, dressings and medicines, for the first
aid to the injured in and about said mine. The
supplies to be furnished by the operator under
this Section shall be the same or equivalent to
those recommended in such cases by the first aid
department of the American Red Cross Society.
SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That every operator
of a coal mine in this State who shall violate
the first section of this Act shall be guilty of
a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be
fined not less than $25.00 nor more than $100.00
for each offense.
SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, That this Act
take effect from and after October 1, 1913, the
public welfare requiring it.
Passed September 26, 1913.
NEWTON H. WHITE,
Speaker of the Senate.
W. M. STANTON,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Approved September 27, 1913.
BEN W. HOOPER,
Governor.
CHAPTER NO. 38.
Senate Bill No. 191.
AN ACT to provide for the organization and
maintenance of a trained body of men, for
the preservation of lives, and for rescue work
in case of explosion, or other serious mine
disaster, and to provide the conditions, requirements
and regulations under which this
organization may be formed and maintained.
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly
of the State of Tennessee, That when any
individual, company, corporation or other organization,
connected with any mine or mines in
this State, shall establish and equip a station with
approved oxygen breathing mine rescue appara­
tus, to conform to requirements hereinafter set
forth; and wherever six or more men in connection
with said station, shall have qualified as
hereinafter set forth, in the use of said apparatus;
then said station, through its owner or representative,
and six men constituting the rescue corps of
said station, may make application to the Chief
Mine Inspector to become a State Station, and
receive aid from the State for the maintenance
of same.
SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That State Stations
up to the number of six may be provided
for in different parts of the mining section of
this State. The section of the mining field in
which these stations may be located shall be decided
by the Chief Mine Inspector.
SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, That the requirements
for admission as a State Station shall be:
Each station shall have a suitable building or
place for the apparatus, together with a smoke
room, or other suitable place for the drill and
training of men in said apparatus.
The equipment of each station shall consist of
not less than four oxygen breathing apparatus,
of a type which have been approved by the U. S.
Bureau of Mine, two large oxygen tanks, and
one extra oxygen bottle, or set of bottles, for
each apparatus. Also, one safety lamp, and one
electric lamp for each apparatus, together with a
supply of such duplicate parts as might be easily
lost or destroyed. Also, one oxygen pump for
charging said apparatus and such other accessories
as are necessary for the successful use of
said apparatus for drill and rescue work.
It shall be the duty of the owners of each station
to keep all apparatus in good repair, and to
furnish at their own expense such duplicate parts
and repairs as are necessary. Also, to furnish
all oxygen and potash necessary for operating
said apparatus, the same to be paid for when
used for regular drill, or otherwise by the State
as is hereinafter provided for.
Six men shall constitute the official rescue corps
for each station, one of whom shall be chosen as
Captain. These men shall be chosen by the owners
of the station, or their representative, or by
the organization, as the ease may be, and shall
be approved by the Chief Mine Inspector. They
shall be men thoroughly acquainted with mining,
and preferably men working in the mine.
These men must have been examined by a physician
who has due knowledge of the requirements
of this service, and hold a certificate from him
as to their physical fitness for this work. They
must be holders of certificates of rescue training
from the U. S. Bureau of Mines, or have received
training in the apparatus equal to that required
by said Bureau for such certificate.
Each station must maintain official drill, or

practice once each month, under such regulations
as may be prescribed by the Chief Mine Inspector,
a feature of which must be, however, not under
one, or over two hours for each man, in the apparatus
using oxygen.
Regular reports must be made by the Captain,
or Acting Captain, of each rescue corps, to the
Chief Mine Inspector, on the last of each month,
on blanks supplied for this purpose. This report
must state the names of the members of the
corps, or substitutes, participating in the drill,
the amount of time each apparatus was in use
with oxygen, the names of men, if any, who
were given training, together with such other
data as may be required. Such report must be
sworn to before some party duly authorized to
administer oaths.
SEC. 4. Be it further enacted, That on the first
of each month, or as soon thereafter as possible,
the Chief Mine Inspector shall make a report to
the Comptroller, giving the name of each member
of each corps or legal substitute participating in
the monthly drill, together with the amount of
oxygen and potash consumed in such drill and
training at each station in hours per apparatus.
The Comptroller shall then issue warrants to
each man named as taking part in said drill, for
the sum of $1.00 each, together with the warrant
to the owner or representative of each station for
compensation for oxygen and potash used in said
drill, at the rate of $1.00 per hour for each apparatus
in use; provided, that not more than
$50.00 shall be paid in any one month for both
compensation to men and supplies to any one
station, for both drill or practice purposes.
There shall be appropriated and set aside for
the purpose of meeting the expense above provided
for, or for paying such extra expense as
might occur in any serious mine disaster, or otherwise,
as hereinafter set forth, the sum of
$4,000.00 per annum, or such part of same as may
be necessary.
No person shall be eligible to receive compensation
for taking part in the monthly drill as set
forth above, except the six regular members provided
for, or legal substitutes. In case any of
said members are absent or otherwise incapacitated,
the Captain or person acting as such may
appoint substitutes to make up the full number
of the corps. However, such substitutes must be
appointed from those having legal qualifications
for membership in the corps, and whose names
and qualifications have previously been reported
to the Chief Mine Inspector as such.
Each corps may, however, under the super
vision of the Captain, or other member of the
corps, give training in the use of the apparatus
to those desiring same. The cost of the oxygen
and potash for such training may, within the total
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
amount per month specified above, be included in
the cost of such supplies.
SEC. 5. Be it further enacted, That in consideration
of the above expenditures, the Chief Mine
Inspector, or in his absence, the District Mine
Inspector, shall be empowered in the case of any
mine disaster or emergency to call on any corps
to report at the shortest possible time to any point
in the State, with their apparatus, ready for duty.
It shall be the duty of the owner or representative
of such station to see that the apparatus is
at all times available for any such call, and the
duty of the corps to respond to such call in the
quickest possible time, in full number, either
members of said corps, or legal substitutes, and
to act under the direct orders at such time, of
the Chief Mine Inspector. Provided, however,
that no man shall be required other than voluntarily
to perform any duty where he may feel his
life is in danger.
The Chief Mine Inspector, or in his absence the
District Mine Inspector, shall have full control
of the mine, and all rescue work in case of such
disaster.
All men called for and reporting for duty in
such cases, together with any such competent men
offering their services for such rescue work, and
being accepted by the Chief Mine Inspector, shall
be paid by the State at the rate of $5.00 per day,
and all oxygen and potash used at the rate of
$1.00 per hour, together with all transportation
and traveling expenses; said time for the regular
corps to reckon from the time said corps leave
the station till their return, and all other cases
from the acceptance of said services, to the discharge
of said men by the order of the Chief
Mine Inspector.
SEC-. 6. Be it further enacted, That the Chief
Mine Inspector shall be authorized to incur such
expense as he may judge necessary in connection
with the rescue work at any mine disaster, also
that he may employ competent men from the
membership of any State rescue corps, to give instructions
under his direction in the organization
and training of Mine Rescue Corps and First Aid
Corps, and the rate of compensation and expenses
therefor shall not exceed that provided for
in the regular drill or rescue work.
Itemized statements of time and expense shall
be made under oath by the parties incurring
same, and after approval by the Chief Mine Inspector,
the same shall be paid by the Comptroller
out of any money remaining of the
$4,000.00 above provided for.
SEC. 7. Be it further enacted, That the Chief
Mine Inspector shall have the right to drop from
the membership of any corps, or any substitute
therein, any person showing unfitness or incapacity
for rescue work. He may also disband

5-1
any State Station, withdrawing State aid from
same, where the standards and requirements as
herein set forth are not kept up or carried out.
If such station does not requalify within two
months he may, if there is a request for same,
form a station elsewhere to take the place of
the one disbanded. Nothing in this Act shall.
however, be construed to in any way interfere
with the full use of the apparatus at any time by
the owners of the same; provided, that while
the said apparatus forms the equipment of a
State Station, it shall be available as above set
forth, for emergency or for drill and training.
SEC. 8. Be it further enacted, That this Act
take effect from and after its passage, the public
welfare requiring it.
Passed Sept. 27, 1913.
NEWTON H. WHITE,
Speaker of the Senate.
W. M. STANTON,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Approved Sept. 27, 1913.
BEN W. HOOPER,
Governor.
CHAPTER NO. 29.
House Bill No. 65.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AN ACT entitled "An Act to require all persons,
• corporations, companies, firms or partnerships,
to have two regular pay days each
month."
SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General As­
sembly of the State of Tennessee, That all cor­
porations doing business within this State, who
shall employ any salesman, mechanics, laborers
or other employees, and who operate a commis­
sary or supply store in connection with their busi­
ness, shall pay the wages balance then due of
such employee in lawful money semi-monthly on
Saturday nearest the fifteenth and thirtieth of
each month, provided deduction to be made from
amount due for such advances made in the way
of cash, supplies, rent, etc., that may have been
furnished.
SEC. 2, Be it further enacted. That any person
corporation, company, firm or parnerships that
through its president or otherwise violates Section
1 of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
and on conviction thereof shall be fined
in any sum not less than $50.00 nor more than
$500.00 for each offense.
SEC. 3. Be it further enacted. That all laws and
parts of laws in conflict herewith are hereby repealed,
and that this Act shall take effect and be
in full force and effect from and after November
1, 1913, the public welfare requiring it.
Passed Sept. 26, 1913.
XV. M. STANTON,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
NEWTON H. WHITE,
Speaker of the Senate.
Approved Sept. 27, 1913.
BEN W. HOOPER,
Governor.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS j
The Operators Coal Co., Johnstown, Pa., has purchased
these tracts of coal in East and West Wheatfield
township, Indiana county, Pa.: Martin L. Fry,
85 acres. $3,008; William M. Fry, 61 acres, $2,i43;
Charles B. Grumbling's executors, 112 acres, $3,-
943; Robert Trindle, 260 acres, $9,770; A. V. Barker.
S4 acres, $2,962; D. D. Blanch. $1,163; James
Dick, 130 acres, $10,000; Charles A. Dick, 49 acres,
$1,718; Ruth A. Dick, 140 acres, $4,913: Daniel
Reilly, 96 acres, $3,378; Bertie A. Rodgers, 75
acres, $2,634; James A. Mack, 102 acres, $-3,895;
James D. Mitchell, S6 acres. $3,012: Rebecca E.
Lawson, 10 acres. 353; John A. Cailson. 94 acres,
$6,000.
D. E. Runnion of Strange Creek, W. Va.. has
sold to J. O. Clark of Uniontown, Pa.. 510 acres
of coal at approximately $300 per acre, on the
Elk river, in West Virginia.
William Rogers of Independence township, Washington
county, Pa., has sold 254 acres of coal in
that township to David C. Miller of Alt. Pleasant
township at a private pi ice.
T. J. Wisecarver, C. J. Waychoff and E. D. Patterson
have sold to J. V. Thompson, of Uniontown,
Pa.. 40 acres of c-oal in Monongalia county, W. Va.,
for $11,849.69.
Frank A. Gump and T. J. Wisecarver have sold
to J. V. Thompson, of Uniontown, Pa.. 141 acres
of coal in Monongalia county, W. Va., for $43,711.26.
The Johnson estate has sold 100 acres of coal at
Berlin, Pa., to the Brothers Valley Coal Co. at
$100 per acre.
The total shipments of coal through tbe Sault
Ste. Marie canals for the season of 1913 were 18,-
622,938 tons, of which 15,878,364 were bituminous
and 2,744,574 anthracite. This is 3,691,344 tons
in excess of the 1912 shipments. The U. S. canal
was open 245 clays and the Canadian canal 246
clays. Of the total shipments 14,742,207 tons went
through the 1'. S. canal ancl 4,150,731 tons through
the Canadian canal.

H. B. N. LOUTTIT, MANAGER OF MINES OF
PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY, LEAVES
TO BE GENERAL MANAGER OF VESTA
MINES—HARRY MILLER SUCCEEDS HIM
AND ARTHUR NEALE BECOMES MINE
INSPECTOR.
Mr. H. B. N. Louttit is leaving as manager
of mines on the Monongahela River for the Piusburgh
Coal Co. to take charge of the coal properties
of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. at California,
Pa. He succeeds Mr. R. B. Drum, who has
been superintendent and manager of the Vesta
Coal Works for many years. Mr. Louttit will be
succeeded in tbe Pittsburgh Coal Co. as manager
of Mines by Mr. Harry R. Miller, who has been
inspector for the company of the mines on the
Monongahela River. The vacancy thus created
among the company's inspectors will be filled by
Mr. Arthur Neale, a state mine inspector in the
Irwin district.
Mr. Louttit is looked upon as one of the ablest
young mine operating officials in the business.
The extensive works at California will give him
somewhat broader scope, as he lakes entire charge
of the properties. He is a young man in the
thirties and has every qualification to make his
new work a complete success. He is one ot quite
a number of the young men who have been trained
tinder Mr. G. \V. Schluederberg, the general manager
of mines of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., who
have been called to exacting positions elsewhere.
Mr. Louttit has been with the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. since 1901, starting as division superintendent
at Shire Oaks. He is a son of the late James
Louttit, who was identified with Monongahela
River mines all his life, being a state mine in
spector in this field part of the time. Harry
Louttit was practically reared in the coal mines
along the Monongahela River and as a boy trained
in all lines of coal mine work under his father,
who had charge of the Captain S. S. Brown interests,
including the well known Black Diamond
and Monongah mines.
Mr. Miller, who succeeds Mr. Louttit, has had a
broad experience in the Pittsburgh Coal Co. and
is very well qualified for his new work. He has
been inspector of the Monongahela River mines
of the company for nearly two years. Previously,
he had been a division engineer, then superintendent
of mines at the upper end of Millers Run;
from there he was transferred to the superintendency
at McDonald. Mr. Miller is also a young
man in the early thirties.
Mr, Neale, who comes to the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. as an inspector in one of the three big* territories
divided among the managers of mines, was
formerly an employe of the River Coal Co., having
been superintendent at Fayette City for a number
of years. He then became a state mine inspector
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 65
in District No. 7, which is the Pan Handle field,
and about two years ago was transferred to the
Irwin district, which is the 19th. Mr. Neale also
classifies among the younger coal men whose experience
and ability point to a marked success in
Ihe future.
The general officials and all the superintendents
of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. will participate in a
dinner in honor of Mr. Louttit Saturday evening,
the 17th, at the Hotel Henry.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of inlerest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
Tin: COAL TRADE BCLLETIN by Nesbit & Doolittle,
Patent Attorneys, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for
15 cents each:
Miner's lamp, W. F. Hudgins, Dorrisville, 111.;
1,079,347.
Mine hoist recorder, 0. W. Ingels, Carlyle, 111.;
1.079,493.
Rotary coal screen, F. S. Converse, Binghamton,
N. Y.: 1,079,543.
Miner's lamp, Charles Dushek, Beloit, Wis.; 1-
080,050.
Apparatus for coking coal, H. L. Doherty, New-
York; 1,080,142.
Miner's lamp holder, Nicholas Friedband, Shenandoah,
Pa.; 1,080,434.
Mine car lubricator, J. H. Thomas, Independence,
Col.; 1.080,500.
Bit for mining machines, J. J. Moore, Springfield,
111.; 1,081,131.
Mine car wheel, XV. M. McCoy, Birmingham,
Ala.; 1,081,318.
Miner's cap, D. F. Brubaker, Glen Campbell,
Pa.; 1,081,659.
Blasting cap and carrier therefor, J. R. Powell,
Plymouth, Pa.; 1,081,772.
Mining machine. H. B. Dierdorff, Columbus, O.,
assignor to The Jeffrey Mfg. Co.; 1,081,818.
Coal jigger, Christian Simon, Essen-on-the-Ruhr,
Germany; 1,082,102.
Coaling station, A. B. B. Harris, Chicago, 111.;
1,082,194.
Mining machines (2), A. H. Gibson, Easton,
Pa., assignor to Ingersoll-Rand Co., New York;
1,082,318 and 1,082,319.
A three-foot vein of lignite coal was struck, 60
feet beneath the surface at Brush, Col., by Lew-
Forrest, owner of a ranch.
Gov. Cox's commission uncovered prospects for
a beautiful legislative battle when it made its
report.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LABOR UNIONS COME UNDER SHERMAN
LAW AND MUST OBEY IT IS DECISION
OF UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
IN DANBURY HATTERS CASE.
The United States court of appeals at New York
Dec. 18 decided the famous Danbury hatters' case
in favor of D. F. Loewe, the plaintiff, and against
the ITnited Hatters of North America. The court
affirmed a judgment in favor of Mr. Loewe and
against the hatters' organization for $252,130.
With interest and costs the judgment now
amounts to $272,000. At the first trial held in
1909. the plaintiff obtained a judgment for $232,-
240.
Sustaining the second judgment. Judge Coxe
declared that it was no longer debatable "that the
anti-trust act is applicable to such combinations
as are alleged in the complaint," and that the act
made no distinctions between classes of combinations
or individuals. The court held that it had
been clearly established that the plaintiffs were
engaged in an interstate business and that the defendants
are members of a trades union, and affiliated
with the American Federation of Labor, "one
of the objects of the latter organization being to
assist its members in any 'justifiable boycott' and
with financial help in the event of a strike or
lockout."
It was shown at the trial that in March, 1901,
the United Hatters had resolved to unionize the
factory of the plaintiffs and that Mr. Loewe had
been informed by the union officials that the hatters
"would resort to the usual methods," in case
their plan should meet with opposition. On
July 6, 1902, the plaintiff's employes were directed
to go on strik3, and it is claimed that almost immediately
a boycott was established. The plaintiffs
assert that this measure "converted a profit
of $27,000 in 1910 into losses, ranging from $17,-
000 in 1902 to $3,000 in 1904.
Judge Coxe said in conclusion of his finding:
"No one disputes the proposition that labor
unions are lawful. All must admit that they are
not only lawful but highly beneficial when legally
and fairly conducted, but like all other combinations,
irrespective of their objects and purposes
they must obey the law."
MISSOURI COAL OUTPUT FOR 1912 SHOWS
LARGEST PRODUCTION IN THE STATES
HISTORY.
Commissioner John T. Fitzpatrick of the bureau
of labor statistics of Missouri, in a bulletin entitled
"Missouri's Visible Coal Supply, the Yearly
Output," says:
The 1912 output of Missouri amounted to 4,339,-
856 short tons, consisting of 4,322,116 tons of
bituminous, 14,157 tons of block, and 3,583 tons
of cannel coal, valued at $7,633,S64. It was the
highest production of any single year dating from
1S40, when extensive mining of coal for commercial
purposes commenced in Missouri. This
was an increase of 503,749 tons, or 13.13 per cent.
in quantity and of $1,030,798, or 15.61 per cent.
in value over 1911, when the production amounted
to 3,836,107 short tons, valued at $6,603,066. Prior
to 1912 the largest production of coal in Missouri
was in 1903, when it amounted to $4,238,586 tons,
about 100,000 less than that of 1912.
Coal niining in Missouri in 1912 gave employment
to 9,704 men, who worked an average of
206 days, compared with 10,259 men and 182 days
in 1911. The rate of production per man is low,
being 477 tons for the year and 2.17 tons for
each day in 1912, and 374 tons for the year and
2.05 tons per day in 1911.
In 1912, of the 4,339,856 tons of coal mined in
Missouri 3,SOS,332 tons were shipped from the
producing counties; 432,051 tons were used in
local trade and 99,437 tons were consumed at the
mines for steam and heating purposes.
Information furnished Superintendent of Statistics
A. T. Edmonston for use in the coal bulletin
is that 20 men were killed in Missouri coal
mines in 1912, as compared to eight in 1911.
Sixteen of the fatalities occurred underground.
The death rate per 1,000 employes was 2.06, as
compared to .8 in 1911.
Macon county holds first rank for its quantity
and value for coal mined in Missouri in 1912,
the output being 818,170 tons and the value
$1,251,755. The surplus shipped was 779,358 tons.
Lafayette county mined 749,598 tons, worth $1,-
454.965, and shipped a surplus of 683,283 tons.
Blair county produced 593,667 tons, worth $965,-
8S0, and shipped to outside markets, chiefly in
the state, 565,015 tons. Randolph county mined
483,903 tons, worth $7S1,919, and shipped 448,450
tons. Other producing counties are: Audrain,
Benton, Bates, Bonne, Callaway, Dade, Henry,
Linn, Putnam, Ray, Caldwell, Cass, Clay, Moniteau,
Platte, Schuyler, Sullivan and Vernon.
The coal of Callaway county brought more per
ton than did any of the other Missouri producing
counties, the average price for the year being
$2.46; then came Lafayette county with $2.29
per ton and Audrain county with $2.22. Counties
with over one thousand working coal miners are
Lafayette, Macon and Randolph.
Fire was discovered in the old Echo mine of the
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.,
near Fayette City, Pa., Jan, 1, and for a short
time it was feared the flames might communicate
with the Tremont mine, but they were confined
to about 500 feet of the Echo mine, and were put
out in a few days.

COAL TRADE IN SOUTHERN FRANCE.
The chief centers of coal production in southern
France are the departments of the Bouches-du-
Rhone and Gard, writes Vice Consul General Paul
H. Cram, Marseille, France. The former produces
lignite exclusively, which is purchased by
the local factories. The latter, which is situated
at a considerable distance from the coast, produces
an inferior quality of coal, used chiefly for
industrial purposes. A part of this coal, however,
is transformed into patent fuel, which is purchased
by the steamship companies and the
French navy.
The production of coal in the departments of
Gard, Bouches-du-Rhone, Basses-Alpes, and
Hautes-Alpes amounted to 2,832,257 metric tons
of 2,204.6 pounds each in 1912, as compared with
2,723,915 metric tons in 1911. In view of the insufficiency
and the poor quality of the native coal
supply, large quantities are imported. During
1912 1,470,158 metric tons of coal, 21.036 metrictons
of coke, and 62,030 metric tons of patent fuel
were imported, while 702,237 metric tons of coal,
560 metric tons of coke, and 99,578 metric tons of
patent fuel were exported. Of the imports, 17.423
metric tons of coal and 15,911 tons of coke came
from the United States.
In this connection the following article, which
appeared in the Liverpool Journal of Commerce
of October 10, is of interest:
The freight rate from the United States to Marseille
was about 17 shilling 6 pence ($4.26) last
year. The freight rate paid last September was
13 shillings ($3.16). This sharp drop in freight
rates is a point in the American coal exporter's
favor, and as there seems a probability of freight
rates dropping still further in the near future, it
is anticipated that an increased business in
America's foreign coal export trade will be shown.
The greater part of the coal imported is taken
by transportation and public utility companies.
During 1912 the French government imported
from Great Britain 938,833 tons, of which about
200,000 tons of the best Welsh coal were received
for the navy at Toulon and Bizerta, Tunis. In
view of the present policy of the Government to
increase materially the naval forces and to concentrate
practically the entire fleet in the Mediterranean,
it would seem probable that larger
quantities will be imported in the future.
The port authorities at Marseille have reserved
241,114 square feet of the sea wall of the National
and Pinede basins for the handling of coal imports.
This space is divided into 24 berths, which
are rented to the leading importers and the subsidized
mail steamers. The cargo is discharged
by means of floating or electric cranes.
Consignments of coal to Marseille rarely exceed
5,000 or 6,000 tons, owing to lack of necessary fa­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
cilities for handling large cargoes with rapidity.
The new Madrague basin, which will not be completed
before 1916, will contain quays 8,478 feet
long. It is not known, however, whether any of
this space will be reserved for handling foreign
coal.
It seems to be the prevailing opinion among
local dealers that American coal is softer than
British coal and for that reason does not support
the same handling and exposure to the weather.
However, in spite of these obstacles, a larger
trade in American coal might be developed at this
port if freight rates were lower and less fluctuating.
| The names and requirements of the importing
companies and details of port facilities and
charges may be obtained from the Bureau of Foreign
and Domestic Commerce, Washington, D. C.|
Lockages Break Record.
I.ockmaster George W. Taxton, of Lock No. 4,
Monongahela river, has issued a statement showing
that the coal locked through No. 4 during
1913, totaled 211,377,000 bushels, a gain of over
2,000,000 bushels over the former high record established
in 1907. The following figures show
the number of bushels of coal shipped by months:
January, 16,794,000; February, 18,048,000; March,
18,979,000; April, 17,476,000; May, 15,923,000; June,
17,628,000; July, 15,697,000; August, 16,807,000;
September, 17,699,000: October, 19,933,000; November,
16,384,000; December, 18,909,000.
Effective Jan. 8 the Oregon-Washington Railroad
& Navigation Co. announced a reduction of 45
cents a ton on coal from the Wyoming field to
Spokane and vicinity. The rate was $4.45 a ton
on Rock Springs, Kemmerer and Cumberland
coal. The rate is now $4 a ton. The rate on
Utah coal was rediu-ed to $4.25 a ton. In addition
to the above the O.-W. R. & N. will, commencing
Feb. 1, switch coal to industries on othe"*'
lines in Spokane without switching charge.
State Mine Inspector C. H. Nesbitt of Alabama
has sent out notifications that the semi-annual
examination for mine foremen and fire boss certicates
will be held Jan. 19 to Jan. 22, inclusive.
Attorney E. F. O'Neal of Zanesville, O., recently
bought all of the property of the Saltillo Coal Co.
for $17,000, the sale being made as a result of an
order of Referee in Bankruptcy E. R. Meyer.
The first coal shipments over the new Buckhannon
& Northern railroad were made recently,
several cars being sent out from the Sterling mine
near Point Marion, Pa.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Commission on Resuscitation.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 46)
the entrance of air into the stomach and prevented
its passage into the intestines. The inspirations
were thus provided for by rhythmical
insufflations through a catheter, the inner end
of which was placed in the pharynx while the
outer end was connected with hand bellows or a
respiratory apparatus. The expirations took place
during the pauses between the insufflations by
the elastic recoil of the extended ribs and of the
compressed abdominal viscera. The expired air
escaped through the mouth alongside the tube.
Experiments on curarized animals (dogs, cats,
rabbits and monkeys 1 have shown definitely that
pharyngeal insufflation as described above is
capable of keeping up efficient artificial respiration
for many hours.
When Dr. Meltzer later attempted to apply this
method on human beings he found that it failed
to work; here the insufflated air escaped so readily
through nose and mouth that the remaining
pressure was insufficient to produce an inspiration.
Furthermore, pharyngeal insufflation in its
original form did not sufficiently provide for
getting rid of the expired air. During the past
year the method has been improved, and as a
result the following simple and effective devices
are suggested (see Journal of the American
Medical Association, 1913. lx, p. 1407):
Two methods may be used to convey the air
to the rspiratory passages—the pharyngeal and
the mask methods. In the pharyngeal method
insufflation takes place through a metal pharyngeal
tube which has been made to fit the human
anatomy. The tube measures about four centimeters
transversely and three centimeters vertically;
the lower (tongue) side is flat, while the
supper (palate) side is round. The upper side
is longer than the lower. When the tube is inserted
the end of the upper side should touch
the posterior wall of the pharynx, while the lower
side terminates at about the root of the tongue.
The entrance to the nasopharynx is thus closed,
while air enters freely into the lower pharynx.
The size of the tube almost completely prevents
the escape of air through the mouth. The outer
end of the tube carries a neck for connection
with the respiratory apparatus, and has a hole
through which a well-fitting tube can be introduced
into the stomach. When not used this
hole is kept closed by a movable plate.
The neck of the pharyngeal tube is connected
by means of a short piece of strong rubber tubing
with the proximal end of the "respiratory valve."
This little device is a metal cylinder containing
a valve which is readily moved by a ring outside.
When the ring is moved to the right, air or
oxygen passes through the cylinder in the direc­
tion of the pharynx, thus causing an inspiration.
When the ring is moved to the left, the cylinder
is closed for the inspiratory air or oxygen, and
instead an opening is made above the valve
through which the expiratory air can readily escape.
The cylinder can be conveniently held in
the hand and the ring moved to right and left
by the thumb. The distal end of the respiratory
valve is connected either with foot bellows, which
give practically a continuous air current, or with
an oxygen tank. A safety valve is interpolated
between the source of pressure and the respiratory
valve; some heavy weight and a strong belt
to compress the abdomen completes the outfit.
The procedure is as follows: (1) Heavy
weights should be placed upon the abdomen.
(The pressure may be reinforced by a belt. A
broad belt alone is insufficient). (2) The tongue
should be pulled out by means of proper tongue
forceps, and the pharyngeal tube inserted as far
as it may go. For the sake of being in readiness,
the respiratory valve should be kept attached
to the pharyngeal tube. The connecting tube
should be strong and short (the latter in order
to have the expiratory dead space as short as
possible.) (3) The distal end of the respiratory
valve should be connected with the apparatus
supplying the pressure, i. e., bellows or
oxygen tank plus safety valve. The respiratory
valve should now be turned for two to three
seconds to the right and as long to the left.
Respiration should not be repeated more frequently
than twelve to fifteen times per minute.
In case of necessity the same man may work
with his hand the respiratory valve and with his
foot the bellows; and if there are no weights at
hand he may rest part of his own weight upon
the abdomen of the victim. In case of collapse
and suspension of respiration during an abdominal
operation, when no weights can be placed
upon the abdomen, a large stomach tube (33,
French size) should be pushed through the opening
in the pharyngeal tube; it will slip down
readily into the stomach and render the necessary
service. It would probably be better to
do this in every case, but untrained laymen, who
in most cases may have to render the first aid,
might hesitate to insert the stomach tube. The
pressure upon the abdomen may likewise render
good service to a failing circulation. Experiments
on lower animals show that in failing circulation
strong pressure upon the abdomen raises
the blood pressure effectively and fills the heart,
and thus also, of course, may benefit the medulla.
When a suitable pharyngeal tube is not at
hand, artificial respiration may be executed with
the aid of a well-fitting face mask provided with
a tube for connection with the respiratory valve.
All other parts needed for artificial respiration

are the same as with the pharyngeal tube, except
that no stomach tube can be introduced. No
time should be lost in fastening the mask; it
should be pressed to the face with one hand, while
the other hand is working the respiratory valve,
until more help is obtained.
Both methods have been tried on numerous
animals and have been demonstrated keeping animals
alive for many hours while under the exacting
conditions of curare and ether and of
opened thorax. The methods have also been
proved efficient in causing inflation of the lungs
in cadavers in rigor or after hours on ice. Even
when rigidity of the walls obscured external
movements, auscultation demonstrated clearly the
entrance of air into the lungs. Especially in cases
dying with pulmonary oedema, the rhythmical
crackling which could be readily heard was very
convincing. The pharyngeal tube seemed to work
somewhat more efficiently than the mask method.
The apparatus which Dr. Meltzer has devised
has the following commendable features: (1) Its
positive action is determined by the operator, and
not left to a mechanism which may fail to operate.
(2) It is free from a sucking action during
expiration. Expiration results from the natural
recoil of the disturbed parts. (3) It is light.
(4) It is relatively inexpensive. (5) It is simple.
(6) It embodies in a form which ean be used by
laymen a method of artificial respiration which
has been employed for many years in scores of
laboratories and on thousands of animals, and is
known to be effective and free from danger.
These are virtues which stand out prominently
at points where present commercial devices are
in fact most defective. The Commission therefore
recommends this apparatus as a satisfactory
means of continuing artificial respiration and
suggests that in cases of suspended breathing
the modified prone pressure method be supplemented
as soon as possible by the use of the
Meltzer apparatus.
PICTURES TO PREVENT
ACCIDENTS IN COAL MINES.
Photographs and motion pictures are being
brought to play a part in the educational system
now being developed by the coal operators of
West Virginia to lessen the number of mine accidents,
increase efficiency at the mines and add to
the earning capacity of the miners.
In no other way, it is said, have the companies
been able to bring home to the men the danger
and the need of caution. This is especially true
in the case of foreign-born miners, who are
largely in the majority in West Virginia. Only a
comparatively few of these men can speak or
read English and it is found that the pictorial
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
method is more effective in impressing upon them
the need of caution than any number of printed
or spoken warnings.
The photographs and moving pictures to be produced
will show how the work should not be
done and then how it should be done—the wrong
way involving danger and the right way insuring
safety.
Dean Jones, of the School of Mines, at the University
of West Virginia, announces he is planning
a campaign of education looking toward
making the miners more careful about rushing
into places they know to be dangerous and taking
chances and also to make them more heedful of
the warnings and instructions of the officials of
the mines. Dean Jones declares that photographs
and moving pictures will play the principal part
in this campaign of education.
JAMES D. SIMPSON TAKES CHARGE OF OPER­
ATIONS FOR BERWIND-WHITE COMPANY
AT WINDBER, SUCCEEDING W. R. CAL­
VERLEY.
.Mr. James D. Simpson has become general superintendent
of mines for the Berwind-White Coal
.Mining Co., with headquarters at Windber, Pa.,
taking the place held until recently by Mr. W. R.
Calverley. Mr. Simpson has been in charge as
superintendent of the mines of the Ocean Coal Co.
at Herminie, Pa., for about two years. Previously
he was a superintendent with the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. at
California, Pa. Mr. Simpson is an exceptionally
able operating official, with a great faculty for
organizing and systematizing operations. He is
young and energetic and with his best years before
him can make a notable success in the broad field
he has entered.
The Rombauer Coal Co., of Novinger, Mo., has
gone into receivership, and H. G. Kellogg, of the
K. C. Midland Coal & Mining Co., has been appointed
by the court as receiver for tbe creditors.
The executive board of the Michigan-Ohio-Indiana
Coal Dealers' association will meet at Indianapolis,
lnd., Jan. 20 and 21, and will select a place
of the next convention.
Rumors have been heard that W. J. Rainey has
contracted with the Youngstown Sheet & Tube
Co. for 60,000 tons of coke per month at a $2
price.
The Pineville Coal Co., Pineville, Ky., will open
two mines, on its property near that place, with a
daily capacity of 1,000 tons.
Many a coal man turned a thankful gaze from
the thermometer within the past few days.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Coal Industry In The State of Ohio.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 22)
probability see the car in readiness for actual use
in the mines of the state.
Several new laws were enacted by the same legislature
affecting the mining industry off the
state, and several amendments to old laws wert
also passed at that time, the most important ol
which was the amendment providing for a mine
rescue car, that relating to the right of action
in case of death in a mine; the use or calcium caibide
in the mines; ancl that relative to the approaching
of abandoned mines. Another most
important act of this legislature was the enactment
of a statute creating the Industiial Commission
of Ohio, superseding the state liability
board of awards, abolishing the department of
commissioner of labor statistics, chief inspector
of mines, chief inspector of work-shops and factories,
chief examiner of steam engineers, board
of boiler rules, and the state board of arbitration,
merging certain powers and duties of said departments
to said industrial commission of Ohio, and
granting said commission certain other powers,
and repealing a number of sections formerly in
force. This commission took charge of these
several departments Sept. 1, organized the workami
will from now on administer and superintend
the work formerly done by these different state
departments.
Perhaps no question brought to the attention
of the legislature in a number of years so vitally
interested the persons connected with the niining
industry of the state as Senate Bill No. 23, which
related to the
METHOD OF WEIGHING COAL
at the mines throughout the state; the agitation
both pro and con became so animated, that il resulted
in the passage of a joint resolution providing
for the appointment of a commission to
investigate an equitable method of weighing coal
at the mines, and their report to be filed with Hie
governor by Dec. 1. The commission was ap-
iTheJ. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA. ')
j Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA. )
) Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
pointed and on Dec. 17, filed with the governor an
exhaustive report covering their investigations of
coal mining in this and other states, and recommending
that miners be paid on the run-of-mine
basis. This commission also recommended legislation
pointing to the conservation of our coal
resources; the appointment of safety mine-foremen;
regulating of solid shooting; providing for
emergency supplies, and an act regulating the
weighing of coal at the mine. This report, and
the other legislation aforementioned, will be
placed in the hands of the general assembly by
Governor Cox, at a special session to be called
in the early part of the month of January, 1914,
when interest will again center on these most important
features in connection with the niining
of coal in this state, and the results are looked
for eagerly by those who are operating* mines,
and by the persons who earn their livelihood by
mining coal. New wage scales are to be entered
into again in April, and it would be difficult at
this time to give with any degree of accuracy just
what the state of the coal trade w-ill be for the
year 1914.
All records in the matter of coal shipments from
Buffalo to other lake ports were smashed during
the 1913 navigation season. The shipments by
months in tons were: April, 505,114; May, 638,-
750; June, 642,110; July, 780,632; Aug., 742,215;
Sept., 532,115; Oct., 564,160; Nov., 525,500; Dec,
103,100; total, 5.033,696. This is compared with
3,925,0S3 tons in 1912 and 3,917,429 tons in 1911.
A mortgage to protect an issue of $100,000 of
6 per cent, bonds was filed against the Minooka
Coal Co. at Scranton, Pa„ Jan. 7, by the Logan
Trust Co. of Philadelphia.
FOR SALE.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
coal land in fee. Seven bundled and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Situated
on the Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & O. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily pioduce
fifty (5U.O00) thousand tons per month. Price,
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dollars.
($150,000 cash, and balance to suit @ 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
"CGisTf^- ED US PATCN
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708-2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Imports of coal into the United States in October,
1913, were: Anthracite, 28 tons, value, $217;
bituminous, 100,850 tons, value, $284,121; coke, 8,-
459 tons, value, $40,S03. For the ten months ending
October, 1913, the imports were: Anthracite,
S64 tons, value, $5,361; bituminous, 1,136,737 tons,
value, $3,076,930; coke, 67,297 tons, value, $312,251.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
For -Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-16
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUE, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes- up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so hy letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TUADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
FOR SALE
Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
& D. also the Kittannings C. & B.
The E. & C. are being operated and open for
inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quarters
of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last loDg. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buvers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAI, TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S„ Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

Incorporation papers were received at Ashland,
Ky., Jan. 5, for the Tug River & Kentucky railroad,
which will penetrate the coal fields for a distance
of 17 miles from Williamson, on the N. &
XV. railroad. The board of directors is: L. E.
Johnson, Roanoke, Va.; Joseph I. Doran, William
G. McDowell, Philadelphia, Pa.; N. D. Maher,
Roanoke, Va.: XV. J. Jenks, Bluefield, XV. Va.;
Henry Bannon, Portsmouth, O., and W. A. Ginn,
Ashland, Ky. Ashland will be the home office
for the new company.
William Richardson Coal Co., Philadelphia; capital,
$5,000: incorporators. Wm. R. Webster, Wm.
R. Kay, Frederick E. Okie, Philadelphia; Wm. T.
Harris. Villa Nova, Pa.; Howard S. Okie, Berwyn,
Pa.: Edward Browning, Devon, Pa.; Frank B. Okie,
Media, Pa.
Stanley Coal Mining Co., Brisbin, Pa.; capital,
$12,000; incorporators, Edward J. Walker, Mandaine
Walker, John Walker, Brisbin, Pa.; Willard
Walker, Clearfield, Pa.; George W. Wood, Houtzdale,
Pa.
Pittsburgh-Syracuse Coal Mining Co., Pittsburgh;
capital. $50,000; incorporators, Rial C. Masten,
Ben Avon Heights, Pa.; Herman F. Linnenbrink,
Freedom, Pa.; Arthur A. Costello, Syracuse,
N. Y.
Plymouth Red Ash Coal Co., Scranton, Pa.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, George P. Lindsay, Plvmouth,
Pa.; XX. L. Schlager, S. H. Swingle, D. L.
Fickes, all of Scranton, Pa.
Craig-Gould Coal Co., Brisbin. Pa.; capital, $5,-
000; incorporators, Wm. A. Gould, Michael Craig,
Frank Craig, Thomas V. Gould, all of Brisbin, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
Martins Branch Coal Mining Co., Ebensburg, Pa.;
capital, $20,000; incorporators, A. W. Evans, Leonard
S. Jones, Mary Bell, all of Ebensburg, Pa.
Globe Coal Co., Murray City, O.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, Vance Webb, Lewis Green, E. XV.
Dairs, L. P. Mooney and Arthur Green.
Herrin Coal Co., Herrin, 111.; capital, $4,500; incorporators,
Paul D. Herrin, John Herrin, H. P.
LaMaster and A. E. Elles.
Nunley Ridge Coal Co., Birmingham, Ala.; capital.
$24,000; incorporators, R. D. Curry, H. E. Mc­
Cormack and others.
Blue Jay Coal Co., Wellston, O.; capital, $10,iMifi;
incorporators, XV. S. McCloud, H. A. Goddars,
Grant McGhee.
Vance Coal Co., Sullivan, lnd.; capital, $10,000;
incorporators, A. C. Smith, D. W. Lovett and M. A.
Haddon.
Felton Coal Co., Inc., Tacoma, W. Va.; capital,
$10,000; incorporatoi s, M. F. Hatfield and G. F.
Noel.
S THE J. B. SANBORN CO.
Special Mercantile Agency
"^ ro« THI £
COAL TRADE. >
% PUBLISHERS OF -'
2 \
\ The Coal Dealers' Blue Book I
i Contains a Complete List for the United 5
C States and Canada of all Coal Operators, )
~ Shippers and Dealers, Gas Companies, Eie- 5
; vators, Foundries, Mills, Iron Works, and i
;* all Manufacturers who buy Coal and Coke In ;.
.- car load lots, with capital and pay ratings. \
l __- .. _ ,.., Roo 1?.„ n . .. 1438 SO. PENN SQUARE. :•
; 550 Monon Building. .40 Diarborn St., _„.. .__. _ul. •*•
CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. r
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
„ FAMOUS
TT
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C r^ 3A O A V
PENNSYLVANIA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTMORELAND COAL CO.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE.
224 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLLIERY OWNERS, MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
THE STANDARD
WESTMORELAND COAL
MINES LOCATED IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.
This Coal fs unexcelled for gas-making, both in illuminating and for producer work.
For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high-pressure
steaming, and in all places where a strong and pure fuel is required, it has no equal.
JAMES C. GEEGAN, GENERAL MANAOER F. J. MULLHOLAND, SALES MANAOER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL -PHONE, 2517 COURT P & A 'PHONE, M 151
J. II. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
MINCRS AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
: ANALYSIS :
Moisture i.53 BEST FOR STEAM AI_D
| SSftSST -------- lift DOMESTIC USES
( Ash 6.17
I Sulphur 1.79
[ B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3 ° fficeS : ' 3 ' 5 Park Biding, PITTSBURGH.
\ Pittsburgh Tesling Laboratory Bell Phones, Grant 1822-1823-1824
t Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, FEBRUARY 2, 1914 No. 5
List of Features:
Proceedings of Miners Convention.
Report of President White.
Report of Vice President Hayes.
Report of Secretary-Treasurer Green.
Coal Mine Explosions for 1912—1913.
Iowa's Coal Production for 1913.
Indiana's Coal Production for 1913.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
Investigating Mine Fires Fires on Experfmental Scale,
Senator Martine for Goverment Owned Coal Mines.
John C. Brydon Outlines Improvements.
Ohio Senate Passes Anti-Screen Bill.
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1914, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R, HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TKADE BULLETIN,
920-1)30 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
TEntered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
BRIGHTER PROSPECTS ARE SEEN IN THE COAL TRADE
just now, at the end of the first month of the year
which was dull. And this is said advisedly with
the approaching wage conference but a few days
away. The very fact that reports of six and
seven thousand idle ears on one railroad have
been put back into service with other roads doing
proportionately large resumption of activities is
enough to make the statement a conservative one.
Coupled to this is the announcements made al­
most daily of resumptions of iron and steel plants
and the increasingly large acceptance of the new
currency and banking laws by banks. Therefore,
it easily can be seen why the prospects are for
better things. Unseasonable weather has been a
decided feature of the fortnight, the temperature,
in fact, going up to summer heat at one period.
This, of course, cut down consumption of fuel;
but mainly in the domestic line. Some stocks
have accumulated at distributing centers and some
coal has gone into storage. Mine owners have
taken cognizance of the existing conditions of the
trade and production has been at approximately
consumptive requirements.
The labor situation at this time seems to be
less of a factor in the trade situation than might
be expected. With the miners' convention in pro­
gress as this is written and with a wage scale
conference just a few days away there does not
appear, on the surface at least, to be much appre­
hension on the part of producer or consumer as
to the ultimate outcome. The miners have not
yet formulated their demands and until they do,
of course, there will be some uncertainty along
this line. In the meantime, the supply of labor is
adequate to meet all requirements and there is
every prospect this will continue to be the case.
In the Pittsburgh distiict the same conditions
as to tonnage and working time obtains as in
many of the other districts. Operating officials
are working mines just t-i requirements of con­
sumers, say 60 per cent, of capacity, and are not
placing much coal, if any, in storage or forward­
ing it hoping for consignment later. In some
sections of the district not more than half time

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
is being made and even that more than meets
demand, the surplus being absorbed by other sec­
tions. The one encouraging feature that has
persisted through all the dullness is the demand
for slack. No matter how soft other grades might
be, slack held its own, and even now with the up­
turn just started, premiums for prompt shipments
of slack are not missing from trade reports. This
fact has aided producers in maintaining prices at
card rates and has been a material factor in pre­
venting the weak brethren from making conces­
sions that might have been harmful. With mines
operating sixty per cent., with unseasonable
weather and with general trade dullness the mile­
stones of the fortnight prices have been held at
card rates: $1.30 to $1.40 for run-of-mine coal;
$1.40 to $1.50 for three-quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60
for inch and one-quarter coal, and 90 cents for
slack, and the last named grade in greatest de­
mand.
The coke trade, apparently has passed its crisis
and now is starting a climb to the top once more.
During the last week for which reports are avail­
able over four hundred additional ovens were fired
and the production took a jump of about thirty
thousand tons. This, itself, is a splendid sign
and it is backed up by the additional encouraging
sign of the manufacturers being able to maintain
their prices, despite all the hammering of consumers
who had hoped to obtain tonnage to meet
their fueling needs at a concession. Not onlyhave
the prices been maintained, but operators are
not overly anxious to contract their output at
present prices, because they believe still better
things are in store. Prices are held now at $2.50
to $2.75 for furnace coke and $3.50 to $3.75 for
foundry coke.
The anthracite branch of the trade seems to have
been the greatest sufferer from the weather and
stagnant business conditions. The tonnage
figures for January, when available, are likely to
show a decided decrease from those of last year,
due in the main to the causes above stated. It
will require considerable chilly weather to bring
the situation back to normal. Mines are working
fairly steady and some coal is going into storage.
Prices are held at card figures.
* * *
THE MINERS HAVE BEEN IN SESSION FOR THE PAST
TEN DAYS, this being the first biennial convention
of the organization. A fairly complete story of
the sessions is printed in this issue ol' THE COAL
TRADE BULLETIN, and the salient features of the
official reports also are reproduced. The one big
factor of the convention, ihe fixing of their wage
scale demands, had not been reached up to the
hour of going to press, but as district conventions
have set forth their demands it is not improbable
they will indicate in the main, what the international
convention's demands are likely to
embody. On some of the questions that were
before the convention radical action was taken,
while in others more conservative counsels prevailed.
The work of the convention is worth
looking over.
* # #
OPPOSITION OP BOTH .MINERS AND OPERATORS failed
to prevent the Ohio senate from passing the antiscreen
mine bill. It has been heralded as the
best piece of legislation along that line yet brought
to the attention of legislators. But the mine
owner and the mine worker say it will ruin the
industry in the state and its provisions are impracticable.
When these two bodies—both most
vitally interested—decry it, it is hard for the
average man to see wherein its wonderful worth
ties. * * *
MOKE PROBING BY CONGRESS is decreed by the
House of Representatives. This time the Colorado
and Michigan labor difficulties are to be the
subjects of the probe. Just what is hoped to be
accomplished is not made clear as it might be
aside from the political capital to be gotten out
of if. Unless all former actions of the same kind
have lost their significance they point to a petering
out of the whole affair, just as all the probing
of the West Virginia troubles failed to substantiate
the peonage charges, the interference with
the mails charges and numerous other allegations
that were heralded forth as being onerous to the
mine employe.
• LONG WALL BRUSHINGS •
White made a nice fatherly speech to the delegates
telling them to be polite and then the constitution
committee comes in with a paper raise
in his salary and bing! there was a bedlam that
outdid Milton's Paradise Lost.
* * *
When the convention was passing through one
degree of purgatory a delegate in the gallery let
out a record lusty warwhoop for silence and there
was silence—for a minute. That guy is not engaged
in narrow work.
* * *
No use talking, when it comes to literary effects
the ruling international officers of the miners have
any preceding unicorn beat a whole lap.
* * *
My, ob my! Some convention. Machine rule
was in the gob.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONSECUTIVE AND FIRST
BIENNIAL CONVENTION OF THE UNITED MINE
WORKERS OF AMERICA*
The twenty-fourth consecutive and first biennial
convention of the United Mine Workers of America
was called to order Tuesday, Jan. 20, in Tomlinson
hall, Indianapolis, lnd., by International
President John P. White.
President White appointed to serve as a committee
on rules and order of business; James F.
Moran, District 13; Richard Gilbert, District 2;
G. W. Savage. District 6; Fred W. Holt, District
21; John Mack, District 1.
The preliminaries consisting of addresses of
welcome and responses thereto were followed by
Secretary William Green reading the following
resolution:
"Whereas, the strike of coal miners in Colorado
and the copper mines in Michigan has attracted
the attention of the American people, and
"Whereas, the men in these strike districts have
been deprived of their constitutional rights and
life has been sacrificed and much suffering exists,
and
"Whereas, a congressional investigation would
disclose a condition of affairs approximating that
in West Virginia by a committee of the United
States Senate, therefore, be it
"Resolved, that we, the United Mine Workers
of America, in convention assembled, representing
directly 450,000 members and indirectly a million
people, implore with all the earnestness we possess
FAVORABLE ACTION
by the Congress on the resolutions introduced by-
Congressmen McDonald and Keating.
"In the name of humanity and foi* the sake of
constitutional government, we urge the adoption
of resolutions introduced by these congressmen.
providing for a congressional inquiry into strikes
above named.
"JOHN P. WHITE, President.
"F. J. HAYES, Vice-President.
"WAI. GREEN. Secretary-Treasurer."
The resolution was adopted unanimously.
Adolph Germer, of Illinois, introduced a resolution
directing the president to appoint a committee
to prepare a memorial setting forth the
facts in regard to the strikes in question and proceed
to Washington and present the same to President
Wilson and confer with as many members
of the Congress as possible in favor of the McDonald
and Keating resolutions.
The resolution was adopted unanimously.
'Special Correspondence With Extracts From the Official
Minutes.
President White said it had been the intention
of the officers to send the legislative committee to
Washington for that purpose.
The committee on rules and order of business
made a report that was adopted, as was a partial
one by the credentials committee. This latter report
showed these contested seats:
Frank Dobbins. Local 1826, District 5, Pittsburgh,
Pa.; John Williams, Local 558, District 5,
Webster, Pa.; D. V. Sims, Local 625, District 11,
Linton, lnd.; Harry Ritchie, Local 2689, District
il, Sullivan, lnd.; Robert Briggs, Local 322, District
12, S. Danville, 111.; Uri Coleman, Local 1573,
District 13. Des Moines, Iowa; Ed. Cooper, Local
1017, District 23, Rockport, Ky.; John Martin,
Local 2957, District 29, Mindon, lnd.
After an attempt made by delegates from the
Pittsburgh district to have the
CONVENTION BEHOVED
from Indianapolis had failed President White,
Vice President Hayes and Secretary-Treasurer
Green read their reports.
[A summary of these reports will be found on
another page of this issue of THE COAI. TRADE BUL­
LETIN].
President White announced the appointment of
the following committees:
Committee on Resolutions—Thos. Haggerty, District
No. 2; Thos. J. Reynolds, District No. 23;
John Gay, District No. 13; Daniel McCue, District
No. 1; Robert Harlin, District No. 10; W. C.
Thompson, District No. 0; William Houston, District
No. 11; M. W. Gaffney, District No. 24; H. H.
Vincent, District No. 23.
Committee on Constitution—Frank Farrington,
District No. 12; Van Bittner, District No. 5; Jas.
E. Morgan, District No. 22; C. C. Boner, District
No. 7; F. E. Waite, District No. 2; George Cecil,
District No. 6; George Manuel. District No. 25;
W. G. Hardie. District No. 13; Jas. J. McAndrew,
District No. 9.
Committee on Officers' Reports—P. R. Stewart,
District No. 21; Arthur Morgan, District No. 22;
John T. Dempsey, District No. 1; Duncan McDonald,
District No. 12; Alex. Howat, District No. 14:
Patrick Gilday, Distiict No. 2; W. H. Brown, District
No. 13; Thos. Cairns, District No. 17; Wm.
Hargest, District No. 5.
Committee on Appeals and Grievances—W. H.
Rodgers, District No. 13; E. L. Doyle, District No.
15: James Lord. District No. 12; Thomas Kennedy,
District No. 7; John O'Leary, District No.

5; Joseph Smith, District No. 24; Chas. Albasin,
District No. 6; Chas. Fox, District No. 11; Edney
Buck, District No. 8.
Committee on Sca'.e—Van Bittner, District No.
5; Jos. Pope, District No. 12; John Moore, District
No. 6; William Houston. District No. 11; Lawrence
Garrigues, District No. S; John T. Dempsey,
District No. 1; Patrick Gilday, District No. 2;
Thomas Kennedy, District No. 8; James Matthews,
District No. 9; Martin Flyzik, District No. 10;
W. H. Rodgers, District No. 13; Alex. Howat. District
No. 14; John McLennon, District No. 15;
Thomas Cairns, District No. 17; J. E. Smith, District
No. 18; Pat Cary, District No. 19: J. R. Kennamer.
District No. 20; P. R. Stewart, District No.
21; A. G. Morgan. District No. 22; L. B. Walker,
District No. 23; Joseph Smith, District No. 24;
Geo. Manuel, District No. 25; Henry Drennan, District
No. 27; L. C. Rodgers, Distiict No. 29.
The secretaries of the various districts were
named as the transportation committee.
President White announced the appointment of
William R. Fairley, of Alabama, and Samuel B.
Montgomery, of West Virginia, to
PROCEED TO WASHINGTON,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
D. C, as provided for in the action taken during
the morning session.
The sessions of Jan. 2t opened with President
White in the chair and after some minor matters
were disposed of Secretary Green read the following
telegram:
"Trinidad, Colo., Jan. 20, 1914.
"To the Officers and Delegates of the Twentyfourth
Consecutive and First Biennial Convention
of the U. M. W. of A.:
"Greetings, brothers, from the hearts of the striking
miners of the southern part of Colorado. Our
freedom and liberty is in your hands. We are
with you and trust that you will act wisely ana
honestly with every issue that may come before
you. We are just as determined now as we were
the first day we cam', out. Mother Jones is in
our vicinity, but we cannot see her. She is held
incommunicado. Hoping that you will help us to
Americanize Colorado on behalf of the strikingminers
"FRANK GATZ,
"J. P. MURPHY.
"MIKE LIVODA."
President White announced that Delegate Gilday,
District 2, might not be able to attend the
convention, and substituted in his place on the
committee on Officers' Reports James Purcell, of
the same district.
John Fahy, international statistician, reported
to the convention upon the work of the statistician's
office for the past two years.
Delegate Haggerty, District 2—I find in looking
over the report of the Credentials Committee that
there are about 150 delegates who have not been
seated. I move that
TIIE CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE,
together with the international secretary, make
some recommendation to the convention this afternoon
in order to dispose of this important question.
(Seconded and carried).
Delegate Donaldson, secretary of the Committee
on Credentials, reported as follows:
In accordance with the instructions of this convention
that we bring in some recommendation
dealing with all local unions that are in arreais
for assessments, we wish to make the following
recommendations:
Inasmuch as a majority of the local unions
which our report shows to be in arrears for assessments
are in districts where no check-off exists,
we recommend that they be seated as delegates in
this convention on the following conditions:
An extension of time shall be granted for paying
the assessment until May 1, 1914. After that
date all local unions in arrears for assessments
shall be placed on the delinquent list, in accordance
with the constitution, the same as when they
are in arrears for tax, except when, in the judgment
of the international secretary-treasurer, any
local union is making reasonable efforts to pay
their back assessment; in this case the international
secretary may grant a reasonable extension
of time.
A motion was made and seconded to adopt the
report of the committee.
Delegate McDonald (D.), District 12—I desire
to know whether or not, this being a constitutional
convention, the constitution can be changed
now, or whether it is still in force and effect until
the first of April?
President White—I take it the constitution is
The telegram was received, made part of the in effect now and this convention is giving its
records, and the secretary instructed to make suit­ consideration to a reasonable rule.
able reply.
Delegate McDonald—May I ask for a direct an­
The auditing committee made its report to the swer to the question as to whether or not this
convention covering the administrations of Sec­ convention can set aside the constitution, so that
retary-Treasurer William Green and his predeces­ in other questions we can do likewise?
sor, Edwin Perry. The figures in this report ap­ President White—I take it this convention is
pear in the report of Secretary-Treasurer Green in full possession of
elsewhere in this issue.
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 51)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
PRESIDENT WHITE'S REPORT TO THE MINERS
In an exhaustive and interesting report to the
miners' convention at Indianapolis, President John
P. White deals with many topics of interest. He
considers the biennial eonvention plan a success;
advises a lesser number of delegates; relates wage
contract achievements since the last convention
two years ago; urges continuation of work pending
new scale settlements; discusses the strikes
and organization campaigns; comments on the machine
mining scale; notes growth in the membership;
suggests a reduction in number of executive
board members; comments on American Federation
of Labor politics, and notns his declination
to accept the seventh vice presidency of that body;
urges adherence to wage contracts; and concludes
that the organization has done very well during
his administration. Much of the text of the report
follows:
We are here to fulfill a very important mission
and grave responsibilities devolve upon us, and
if we are to secure for our vast membership and
their dependents more of the happiness and comforts
they deserve we must not lightly disregard
those fundamental principlss that constitute the
basis of our splendid organization.
I feel fully justified in making the statement
that the changing of our e inventions from annual
to biennial is a wise course. It is not only practical
economy but good sound business policy.
One valuable feature of the biennial convention
is that we can approach the questions of prime
importance to our membership without the disturbing
and unpleasant conditions that characterized
former conventions as a result of our annual
elections. The constitution now provides that
the officers shall hold office for two years. The
election occurs one year and the eonvention another.
I not only
ADVOCATE BIENNIAL CONVENTIONS,
but in harmony with my recommendation to the
twenty-third annual convention, and I believe I
voice the sentiment of a great majority of our
people, we should seriously consider the feasibility
of changing the basis of representation in
our International conventions and adopt a different
method—one that will give the rank and file
the right to choose the delegates and at the same
time reduce the number of men that will represent
them. The cost of our conventions is enormous
and the drain upon the local treasuries for
the maintenance of delegates is an item worthy
of your most thoughtful consideration.
(The report here reviews the reorganization of
the interstate joint movement, comprising West­
ern Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana (Block and Bituminous
districts), and Illinois, and the wage agreement
made two years ago at Cleveland, all of
which was published in THE COAL TRADE BULLE­
TIN at the time. Following this is a recital of
the anthracite wage negotiations and settlement,
also published at the time).
For many years our organization has been confronted
with a very annoying situation at the expiration
of wage contracts, and it seems but right
that we try to rectify this condition that is no
longer justifiable, in my opinion. There is now
a strong sentiment permeating our movement
against suspensions, and much discussion has
taken place as to the wisdom of changing our
policy and inaugurating a more businesslike
method and
REMAIN AT WORK
pending settlements in the event we are still negotiating
at the expiration of wage contracts.
I recognize that I am approaching a question
that will bring strong criticism and much opposition,
but I -im fully convinced that we have
reached a place in our history where something
must be done. About all we have ever been able
to accomplish by the old system of suspending
work at the expiration of wage contracts is to destroy
the financial resources of nearly every
branch of our union, impair the earning power
and credit of our membership and bring considerable
inconvenience, in a business way and otherwise,
upon helpless communities. It is true that
some profit from such misfortunes, but it is safe
to assume that the membership of the ITnited Mine
Workers has everything to gain and nothing to
lose by abolishing a system that produces such
results as I have referred to herein. I can foresee
ample opportunity to safeguard every right
that we now possess as an organization by adopting
this new method and opening up the way to
a better and more enlightened business policy. I
am heartily in favor of it, and expect to give
orally additional reasons in defense of the course
I suggest.
(Here the report reviews the West Virginia
strike, the senatorial investigation, the New- River
settlement and t-.ie establishment of a new district
there. Thj Colorado strike is reviewed and
discussed, and also the Vancouver strike and the
Cainsville strike in District 13, which was won
by the union).
We have been conducting for many months a
campaign of
EDUCATION AND ORGANIZATION
in the unorganized and partially organized fields,

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
in the hope that we might be able to extend the
protection of our union to the thousands of men
who are oppressed in those regions and at the
same time promote better competitive conditions
between the organized and unorganized districts
which would redound in a universal way to the
benefit of all concerned
Our campaigns have been in the Irwin and Connellsville
field, Mercer-Butler field, Allegheny Valley
and Anthracite fields of Pennsylvania; West
Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, Vancouver Island,
Colorado, New Mexico and Alabama.
The sentiment now is opportune for organization,
and the time is at hand when this convention
must determine what steps we should take to
establish the union in these fields. I am constrained
to believe that if we are able to negotiate
a successful wage contract now and protect the organized
districts from strike and strife and the
convention provides revenue to carry on our campaigns
in the unorganized fields, ere we meet
again rapid strides will have been made into these
citadels of oppression that have long been considered
immune from the power and influence of
our union. This is a tremendous undertaking,
but the spirit of the workers is militant and with
the support of the organized districts much can
be accomplished. I, therefore, earnestly urge
that you seriously consider this important matter.
(The report here discusses injunctions and
other litigation which have interfered with the
union's campaigns and strikes).
At the twenty-third annual eonvention a resolution
was adorted authorizing the president to
appoint a committee to co-operate with
THE BUREAU OE MINES.
The committee I selected is composed of William
Green, Francis Feehan. John H Walker, John
Moore and John Fahy. It has been our purpose
to co-operate with the Bureau of Mines in every
way possible, and we have urged our membership
everywhere to do likewise.
The frequency with which great disasters occur
in the mines of our country should cause serious
concern, and we should put forth every effort to
enact laws that have for their object safety first
in the coal mines.
In addition to appointing a committee to cooperate
directly with the Bureau of Mines, I also
appointed Francis Feehan of District No. 5, Penn­
placing the skilled worker. While the United
Mine Workers' organization is not opposed to the
introduction of the machine, we are, however,
bound to be concerned about the welfare of those
who operate it, in order that the machine shall
not enjoy an unfair advantage. Therefore, when
negotiating wage contracts, we should put forth
every effort to establish equitable differentials between
machine and pick mining.
Since the twenty-third annual convention we
have negotiated a very important
.MIN ING .MACHINE SCALE
in Arkansas and Oklahoma, District No. 21. It
is considered one of the best mining machine
scales in the country and means much to the mining
industry there. (The text of this scale will
be printed in a later issue of THE COAL TRADH
BULLETIN ).
During the last two years there have been 530
local unions organized. 191 in 1912, and 339 in
1913.
I herewith submit a table showing the average
paid-up membership from the years 1890 to 1913,
inclusive:
1890 20,912 1902 175,367
1891 17,044 1903 247,240
1892 19,376 1904 251,006
1893 14,244 1905 264,950
1894 17,628 1906 230,667
1895 10,871 1907 260,740
1896 9,617 1908 252,018
1897 39,371 1909 265,274
1898 32,092 1910 231,392
1899 61,887 1911 256,256
1900 115,321 1912 289,269
1901 198,024 1913 377,682
You will observe that the average paid-up membership
for 1911 was 256,256, and in 1913, 377,682,
or an increase of 121,426 members. The paid-up
membership for December, 1913, was 415,142, exclusive
of exonerations.
During the period (two years) covered by this
report there were nine meetings of the International
Executive Board, two of which were held
during the sessions of the convention at Indianapolis
and the joint conference at Cleveland, Ohio.
The manner and way the
INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE BOARD
is constituted is a subject that is much discussed.
sylvania, and W. R. Fairley of District No. 20, Many of our people believe that the organization
Alabama, to act as a legislative committee at Wash­ has not kept pace with the growth of its memberington.ship
and that some new method that will reduce
(Total production figures for 1912 and 1913 are the expense incident to the maintenance of the
here given and commented upon).
board should be devised. Some have argued that
The importance of the mining machine scale to the board as now constituted should be abolished
Ihe coal mining industry is becoming more pro­ and that the district presidents should be subnounced
with each succeeding year, and wherever stituted therefor.
favorable conditions exist the machine is fast dis­
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 48)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
REPORT OF VICE PRESIDENT HAYES TO THE MINERS
The report of Vice President Frank J. Hayes
to the miners' convention at Indianapolis was
received with much interest and enthusiasm. He
discusses the campaigns in non-union fields; comments
on the West Virginia situation; gives a detailed
report on the Colorado strike; discusses the
indictments of union officials under the Sherman
law: outlines the defense in these cases; urges
political action to amend the law; and applauds
the status of the union. Much of the text of the
report follows:
In compliance with the oft repeated desires of
our members, we have, during the past two years,
waged a vigorous campaign in the non-union fields.
The organization of the non-union fields is one of
our chief tasks and the culmination of the campaign
we have started must and will result in the
complete organization of the coal mining industry
of the land. We must never rest content until
this goal is achieved. Our chief hope of future
preferment, better wages and better conditions
depends upon our success in the organization of
these fields. 1 am firmly convinced that every
non-union field in the country can be organized,
and with the proper sort of financial support from
our membership, because it takes considerable
money to wage these campaigns. I am satisfied
we can take one non-union field after the other and
add them to our movement. When we first
started out on this endeavor, we conceived the
idea that it was necessary to sow the seed before
we could reap the harvest, and in line with this
thought we immediately began to
ESTABLISH BRANCH OEE1CES
in all the non-union mining fields of the country,
and in these offices we placed trusted and experienced
men who could mingle among the unorganized
miners and explain to them the advantages
and ideals of our union. Our representatives in
these branch offices are also distributing a large
amount of literature each week, bearing upon the
necessity of organization and the value of the
same. These branch offices have also given our
movement a certain standing in all the unorganized
fields and our office representatives have
quietly organized and educated thousands of mine
workers. As evidence of the successful organizing
campaign we have waged during the past
two years, I wish to say that two new districts
were formed and 530 new local unions were organized.
AH through the unorganized fields the
mine workers are anxious to enlist in our union
and are constantly appealing to us to wage a
strike, if necessa'-y, in order that their desires
might be realized. Before strikes are declared,
however, we always make every endeavor to effect
peaceful settlements, inviting the operators to
meet with us in joint conference, and appealing
to them, as business men, not to spend millions
of dollars in fighting an organization that is here
to stay and whose members will never rest content
until every miner on this North American continent
is enrolled under the banner of the United
Mine Workers of America.
We have reason to congratulate ourselves on the
progress we have made during the past two years,
and as proof of this progress we have only to refer
to the fact that we have added 121,426 new members
to our union since our former convention.
In fact
HALE OF THE TOTAL GAIN
in members shown by the American Federation of
Labor during the past year came from our union,
and due to our success in recruiting new- members
and conquering new fields, the American Federation
of Labor has exceeded all past membership
records and now has over 2,000,000 paid-up members.
With the indorsement of this convention
and with your expressed determination to support
and sustain the action of your International
officers in this work, we propose to carry on this
campaign with renewed hope and vigor, and will
never cease our activities until the last remnant
of non-unionism in the mining fields is forever
removed.
We have made considerable progress in West
Virginia during the past two years, and at this
time approximately 40,000 mine workers are working
under wage agreements negotiated by our
union. It is evident to all students of the West
Virginia situation that we have laid the foundation
of a strong movement in that state, and that
time will fully justify the efforts we have put
forth.
(The report deals exhaustively with the Colorado
situation, including records previously published).
Your officials have been twice indicted for alleged
violations of the
SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST LAW.
One of these indictments was returned in West
Virginia, and one in Colorado. The particular
charge against us in West Virginia was that we
were parties to a conspiracy in restraint of trade,
i. e., that we had entered into an unholy alliance
with the operators in the organized states to put
the West Virginia operators out of business. As
proof of the utter silliness of this charge I wish
to say that not a single one of our alleged partners
in this so-called conspiracy, the operators in

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the organized fields, were indicted with us or even
named, directly or indirectly, in any of the
charges. The charges, as everyone knows, were
pieferred for the sole purpose of discrediting and
retarding our movement in the non-union fields.
We are neld under $1,000 bonds in West Virginia,
and $3,000 bonds in Colorado, to answer for our
appearance in court. The cases, as yet, have not
come to trial. We were indietsd in the Fedeial
Court in Pueblo, Co., on two counts; one for
securing an alleged "monopoly of labor," and the
otlier for organizing a so-called "conspiracy in
restrain* of trade" in violation of the Sherman
anti-trust law.
The fedeial grand jury that indicted your officials
in Colorado was forced, by the very nature of
things, to make some comment about the anarchistic
tactics pursued by the operators in that
state. It is interesting" to note, however, that no
indictments were returned against the operators,
although held to be law violators, and that they
escaped with a few words of criticism, wherein the
GRAND JURY IMPLORED
them to be good in the future. Their criticism
of the Colorado* coal operators in part is as follows:
"The operators appear to have been somewhat
remiss in endeavoring to secure and hold the good
will of their employes, and the grand jury deduced
from testimony that there existed reasonable
grounds for many of the grievances complained of
by the miners. We believe that many of these
complaints are substantial and have merit.
"The grand jury found that the state laws have
not been so enforced as to give to all persons concerned
the benefits which are derived therefrom.
Many camp marshals, whose appointments and
salaries are controlled by coal companies, have
exercised a system of espionage and have resorted
lo arbitrary powers of police control, acting in
capacity of judge and jury and passing sentence
upon miners who had incurred the enmity of the
superintendent or pit boss for having complained
of real grievances or for other causes.
"Many of the coal companies maintain camp
saloons and collect from the keepers of such saloons
a per capita sum of 25 to 40 cents per month
lor each person whose name appears upon the company
payroll. Many camp saloons are open after
midnight and on Sunday, contrary to the state
law."
This grand jury was made acquainted with the
fact that peonage existed in the
SOUTHERN COLORADO
coal mines, and that all the laws of the state and
nation had been violated for years, and yet. in the
face of all these facts which they, themselves admit,
they were not free enough nor fair enough
to return any indictments against the coal operators
in control of the invisible government of that
state. John D. Rockefeller, the head of one of
the largest trusts in America, is the controlling
factor in the largest coal company in the strike
field, and it is an interesting parody on the Sherman
anti-trust law that he and his subordinates
in that state escaped indictments under its provisions,
especially in view of the fact that his
coal company dominates the situation in Colorado,
regulates the price of coal, etc., stifling all
competition, violating laws of state and nation,
and yet escape with a few words of criticism. Verily
the law is not for the poor and rich alike, and
it is no wonder the people are losing respect for
tho courts of the land.
The Sherman anti-trust law. as everyone knows,
was only intended to apply to combinations of capital,
to the large trusts and gigantic corporations
that endeavor to corner and monopolize the products
of labor for tbe purpose of exacting excessive
prices from the people in their purchase of
the same. The Sherman anti-trust law was never
intended to apply to a voluntary organization of
the workers, but was framed for the purpose of
preventing the robbery of the poor by vicious combinations
of capital. Of course, as usual, there
was read into the act a meaning that was not
contemplated by the legislature and executive
branches of our government.
These courts hold that
LABOR POWER IS A COMMODITY
the same as any article of merchandise, and that
the employers of the country have a proprietary
interest in the same. In other words, if you
interfere with their right to control this labor
power in their own way you are interfering with
their proprietary rights and their assumed ownership
of the brain and sinew of the toiler.
In the Colorado indictments they accuse us of
having a "monopoly of labor" in the coa] mines of
that, state, and in another count they accuse us of
organizing a "conspiracy in restraint of trade."
In other words, they charge that the miners ot
Colorado are our chattels and that the ownership
of their commodity, i. e., labor power, is controlled
entirely by tbe officials of our union to the
detriment of trade and commerce. I would that
the indictment were true and that we did have a
monopoly of labor, because if we did the miners
would never return to work under non-union con
ditions, which they have a right to do today, if
they so desire.
Our union, as is well known, is nothing more
or less than a voluntary association of workers,
organized for the sole purpose of securing living
wages and fair conditions of employment, and it
depends for its success upon the faith of the men
enlisting under its banner. Under the funda-

mental law of this country it is the right of every
worker to withhold his labor when he deems he
is being unfairly treated and oppressed. If he
did not have this right our boasted freedom would
be a thing of the past, and the workers would be
the puppets and pawns of the employing class of
the nation. If we are prevented from resisting
despotism by collective action, or individual action,
as we see fit, then we are no longer free and
are absolutely at the mercy of the industrial taskmaster,
forced to accept his arbitrary conclusions
or starve to death in the midst of plenty.
Labor power is
NOT A COMMODITY IN ITSELF
any more than the so-called "brain power" of the
capitalist is a commodity, and how the courts of
our country can construe it to be such is past
all understanding, unless the courts presuppose
that the worker is the chattel and the property of
the man for whom he toils, and is a fit subject for
trade and barter. This is the net result of such
reasoning, and if we are found guilty under the
indictments returned, then the emancipation proclamation
of Abraham Lincoln is a myth, and both
black and white toilers are in substance bound by
the same slavery that prevailed in the South prior
to the Civil war. If we are found guilty, then it
becomes a crime to organize the workers, because
if we did, we would be establishing an alleged
"monopoly of labor." and if the men so organized
come out on strike to secure better conditions,
such action would be construed as a "conspiracy
in restraint of trade"; that is, we would be preventing
the production of the commodity which is
created by the application of labor power. In
other words, the toiler must sell his labor at the
price fixed by the employer and under the condi
tions he imposes or he will be acting in "restraint
of trade."
The word monopoly, as defined by Webster, is
"The exclusive power, right or privilege of selling
a commodity; exclusive possession." It goes
without saying that we have not the exclusive
power of selling the so-called commodity of labor,
and that the labor official is nothing more or less
than the servant of the worker who justly refuses
to sell his labor power unless he can do so on
terms that insure a living wage and fair conditions
of employment, and, therefore, the labor official,
being the servant, and
NOT THE OWNER OF LABOR POWER,
can have no "exclusive possession" of the same.
That when the worker desires to return to work,
the servant of labor power, the union official, cannot
prevent him from so doing, proving, clearly,
that a monopoly does not exist where there is no
complete power of ownership or control. The
line of demarcation ought to be clear between
real commodities such as coal and iron, i. e., ar­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
ticles of trade and barter, and the so-called labor
power commodity, possessed solely by the individual
who voluntarily affiliates with the labor
movement for the purpose of marketing that
which he alone owns, to the best possible advantage,
and if this right is denied by the courts then
the last safeguard of the worker in resisting the
tyranny of organized greed, is forever removed.
This position of the courts is not based upon
equity nor upon the intent of the Sherman antitrust
law, but is another usurpation of judicial
authority in direct conflict with the purposes of
the legislative and executive branches of our
government, and the wishes of the masses of the
people.
In view of the indictment of your officials under
this act, and the assessing of a heavy penalty
against members of the Hatters' union and other
organizations, I take this occasion to advise the
members of our union that drastic measures should
be taken to
SECURE THE AMENDMENT
of this so-called anti-trust law, so that its provisions
will not apply to labor unions. Legislation
is pending in Congress at this time, along
this line and 1 call upon our local unions everywhere
to get busy and petition their respective
congressmen and senators lo use their influence
to have this law amended at once, before the
courts of the land succeed in making a farce out
of the constitutional rights of the toilers of the
nation. Its amendment or repeal is absolutely
necessary.
It is proper, in discussing a subject that so seriously
affects labor, to offer a remedy, and the
remedy I propose is a strike of the workers at
the ballot-box. Let us vote like we strike, against
the predatory interests, who, thiough their corruption
of the old political parties, are destroying all
the rights and liberties guaranteed to the workers
in a representative form of government. We
have it in our power to change this order of things,
and it ought to be evident to every worker that
it is useless to strike on the industrial field unless
we have intelligence enough to strike, as a (lass,
on the political field, in order that our rights as
producers of all wealth might be fully protected.
During the past two years I addressed a number
of meetings throughout our jurisdiction in the interest
of our movement. I am a firm believer
in the "Labor Forward Movement," and believe
that every local union should hold at least one big
labor demonstration every year, addressed by competent
speakers, so that the rank and file may
come to more clearly understand the philosophy
of the labor movement, and so they may be better
prepared to form plans and policies for the future
advancement of our cause.

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
AGITATION, EDUCATION AND ORGANIZATION
are the stepping-stones to a higher and nobler
civilization. As the church ancl other institutions
depend, to some extent, upon revivals, so
must the labor movement awaken new hope and
inspiration within the souls of its members. Let
us utilize every weapon at our command in order
that the truths enunciated by our gieat, humanitarian
movement may not go unheeded. Let protest
meetings be held all over this land when labor
is outraged, as witnessed in the Colorado and
Michigan strikes, and let us show to the despoilers
of manhood that deportation and assassination of
union members will not be tolerated without a
fight; and that, if the government will not protect
us, and anarchy must prevail, then the worker will
be compelled, in self-defense, to meet the rich
anarchist, hiding belrind his paid thugs and assassins,
at his own game and in his own way,
until brute force triumphs, as it did in the days of
ancient savagery.
While some designing pessimists predicted the
downfall of our movement, a few years ago, it is
gratifying to note that their croaks were all in
vain, and that, like the fabled groundhog, when
they saw the sun shining brightly all over our
jurisdiction, they saw a shadow at the same time,
that alarmed them to such an extent that they returned
to their holes and haven't been heard of
since, and if it were not for the dirt they pawed
up in making these holes their presence on earth
would never have been recognized. We stand,
today, a solid organization, without factions and
without dissensions, the largest trade union on
this North American continent, thanks to the devotion
of the rank and file to the principles of our
great movement.
CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
The Baltimore & Ohio railroad will, it is reported,
build a new branch line from Smithfield,
Pa., to Elm Grove, W. Va., connecting the two
main lines and passing through the Greene county,
Pa., eoal fields.
Robert H. Robinson, George Myford and John C.
Rue have bought 18 acres of Pittsburgh No. 1 seam
coal near Monongahela, Pa., and will develop it at
once. Electric machinery will be installed.
The Graceton Coke Co. will develop 1,550 acres
of coal recently purchased in Greene county, Pa.,
and will erect a coking piant on the 300 acres ol
surface secured.
The Wolf Valley Coal Co., W. H. Soper, general
manager, Winchester, Ky., will develop 1,270 acres
of coal in Breathitt county, Ky.
The Elly Coal Corporation, Girard. 111., will ope
several new mines in Christian and Macoupin
counties, Illinois,
The Hecla Land Development Co., of Ironton,
O., will develop 13,000 acres of coal and clay lands
at Ironton, O.
The Hitchman & O'Neal Co. will open a new
mine on the B. & o. near Markleton, Pa.
The Claeo Mining Co., Poteau, Okla., will open
a new mine at Traby Prairie, Okla.
The output of the Alabama Fuel & Iron Co. for
the year 1913 was 1,069,564 tons, compared with
1,006,378 tons produced in 1912.
COAL MINE ACCIDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1912 AND 1913 IN WHICH
FIVE OR MORE MEN WERE KILLED.*
Date. Name of Mine. Location of Mine. Nature of Accident.
1912 Jan. 9 Parrish Plymouth, Pa Mine explosion
1912 Jan. 16 Carbon Hill Carbon Hill, Va Dynamite explosion ....
1912 Jan. 19 Central Central City, Ky Mine explosion
1912 Jan. 20 Kemmerer No. 4 Kemmerer, Wyo Mine explosion
1912 Feb. 22 Western No. 5 Lehigh, Okla Mine fire
1912 Mar. 20 San Bois No. 2 McCurtain, Okla Mine explosion
1912 Mar. 26 led Jed, XV. Va Mine explosion
1912 April 21 Coil Madisonville, Ky Mine explosion
1912 June 18 Hastings Hastings, Colo Mine explosion
1912 July 11 Panama Moundsville, W. Va.. . .Mine explosion
1912 July 16 Old Dominion No. 1 . . . .Carbon Hill, Va Mine explosion
1912 July 24 Superba Evans Station, Pa Cloud burst flooded mine
1912 Aug. 13 Abernant Abernant, Ala Mine explosion
1913 Feb. 19 Seagraves Eldorado, 111 Mine explosion
1913 April 23 Cincinnati Finleyville, Pa Mine explosion
1913 May 6 Taylor Hartford, Ky Overcome by gas
1913 May 17 Imperial Belle Valley, Ohio Mine explosion
1913 Aug. 2 East Brookside Tower City, Pa Mine explosion
1913 Oct. 22 Stag Canon No. 2 Dawson, N. Mex Mine explosion
•Extract from Report of President White, of the United Mine Workers of America to Biennial Convention.
1913 Nov. 18 Acton No. 2 Acton, Ala Mine explosion
Killed.
5
6
9
73
82
5
12
15
18
5
96
5
15
19
263
24

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
REPORT OF SECRETARY-TREASURER GREEN TO MINERS
In his report to the miners' convention at Indianapolis,
William Green, secretary and treasurer
of the union, presented some interesting facts and
words of counsel. He gave exhaustive detailed
information on the membership and finances of
the union; discussed campaigns in new fields;
handled with concern the Sherman law; and with
a final tribute to the accomplishments of the union,
made a plea for further achievements. Most of
the text of his report lollows:
Two years ago for the month of October, 1911,
our average paid-up membership was 269.365. One
year ago for the same month in 1912 our average
paid-up membership was 369,818. For the month
of October this year, 1913, our average paid-up
membership was 402,347. The average paid-up
membership for the year ending November 30,
1913, was 377,682. This is 88,420 more than the
highest number heretofore reached, which was
289,262 in 1912. The average number exonerated
each month because of idleness for the fiscal year
ending November 30, 1913, was 15,779. This number
added to the average paid-up membership
makes a total of 399,461, which really represents
the actual membership of our organization. During
the year two new districts were formed and
339 new locals organized. A comparison of these
figures shows the results obtained.
The following table gives the number of members
exonerated each month and the total number
for the fiscal year. The total number exonerated
added to the number of paid-up members each
month gives the
ACTUAL MEMBERSHIP OF THE ORGANIZATION:
1912. Paid-up
Month. Membership. Exonerated. Total.
December 386.965 8,430_ 395,3951
1913:
January 391,112 9,852! 400,9641
February 398,276 13,149! 111,4251
March 363.808 22,525 386,333
April 377,219 IS,297 395,516
May 378,567 25,2181 403,785.
June 350,759 22,746 373,505
July 365,043 21,492 386,535
August 409,158 16,655;. 425,8131
September 334,576 13,226 347.802
October 402,347 8,595 410,942
November 374,358 9,162 3S3.520
Total .... 4,532,188 189,349. 4,721,537.
Average 377,682 15,779 393,461
I direct your attention to the splendid growth
In membership in the anthracite region. In De­
cember, 1911, the paid-up membership for the
three anthracite districts was as lollows:
District 1 11,117
District 7 3,566
District 9 5,715
Total 20,398
In December, 1912, tbe membership was as follows:
District 1 47,053
District 7 9,243
District 9 34,221
Total 90,517
For December, 1913, the membership was as follows:
District 1 52,279
District 7 13,856
District 9 34,041
Total 100,176
A comparison of these figures shows a splendid
increase for the month of December, 1912, over
the month of December, 1911, and a still further
increase for the month of 1913 over the month ot
December, 1912.
It is significant that this
GROWTH IN MEMBERSHIP
has taken place since the new contract was signed
for the anthracite districts, beginning May 20.
1912. The miners of the anthracite region deserve
to be congratulated upon the magnificent
growth of the organization there and upon the interest
displayed by th.m in their own welfare.
The organization has grown and the membership
increased in spite of tremendous odds, for it must
be borne in mind that the miners ot the anthracite
region do not enjoy all the benefits secured by the
mine workers of Ohio, Indiana and the West.
At no time has it been necessary to seek a field
in which to work. The invitation to come and
help has been universal. All over the land a
spirit of unrest and dissatisfaction prevails. The
call to us has come with equal sincerity and importunity
from the non-union men of Pennsylvania,
West Virginia, Maryland, Colorado, Kentucky, Ten
nessee and Alabama, Instead of our invading the
non-union sections uninvited and as intruders, the
facts are, we have been unable to respond to all
the many urgent invitations coming from the nonunion
sections, where we are not only anxious,
but willing to go. The non-union miners, catching
the spirit of the times, breathing the air of
a new freedom, inspired by lofty ambitions and

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tilled with a mighty zeal, are revolting against the
benevolent despotism established in their respective
communities.
It is but natural that those seeking relief from
intolerable conditions would turn for help to those
of their fellow-men upon whose sympathy and
support they can rely. The oppressed of all lands
and all ages have acted thus, and so the nonunion
miners, in their hour of need, turned instinctively
to their organized fellow-workers
FOB SYMPATHY AND SUPPORT.
To whom else could they go? What other force
or power is available? Would the church espouse
their cause, and if it did, would it furnish
the money necessary to clothe the naked and feed
the hungry while the fight was being made?
Would civic bodies or fraternal societies come to
their rescue? Would those politicians who promise
much and perform so little be friends indeed
in their hour of need? To all these questions
there is but one answer.
Experience has taught the workers that they
must rely upon their own economic power. Substantial
help may come from friends without who
are in sympathy with their aims and objects and,
while much help has come from this source, they
have learned that the solution lies within and
does not come from without. In the fight for
better homes, educated children, shorter hours of
labor, a higher standard of living, culture, refinement,
intellectual and moral development, they
must rely upon those for financial and moral support,
who, like themselves, have been oppressed,
but through organization and united effort have
in a measure secured, though at no less sacrifice,
the rights and liberties for which they are nowcontending.
The point I wish to emphasize is, that we have
helped in West Virginia, Colorado and elsewhere
in response to a call from the non-union men of
these fields.
WE ARE NOT INVADERS,
brutal anarchistic agitators, as some of the enemies
of organized labor say we are, seeking a
monopoly of labor in violation of law. While,
of course, not wholly unselfish, we are and have
been in a large measure altruistic. We have
spent much money and sacrificed a. great deal.
If we were selfish and only self-concerned we would
keep our money and save our energy. But not so;
we have gone as helpers, responding to appeals
from those less fortunate, without regard to color,
creed or nationality. On account of the strong
opposition of the coal operators and their friends
in the non-union fields we have been forced to
spend large sums of money. During the year 1912
we have spent $706,225.20 and for 1913 $1,621,-
942.67 for relief alone, a total for the two years
of $2,32S,167.87.
The amount spent for aid for the year 1913 was
distributed as follows:
District No. 7 $ 600.00
District No. 8 9,400.00
District No. 10 20.000.00
District No. 13 986.43
District No. 15 661,000.00
District No. 17 318,600.00
District No. 17 (tax refunded) 6,924.83
District No. 19 6,707.75
District No. 20 4,134.16
District No. 23 8,500.00
District No. 28 584.5O0.oo
Total $1,621,353.17
Aid to individuals 589.50
Grand total $1,621,942.67
Added to this is $9,840.14 expended for legal
services made necessary by reason of
GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATIONS
and defense of civil and criminal proceedings instituted
against various officers and representatives
of the organization.
On November 30, 1912, we had a balance on
hand of $221,262.05. Our income during the year
was $2,159,031.69, making a total of $2,380,293.74.
Our total expenditures were $2,102,261.44, leaving
a balance on hand November 30, 1913, of $278,-
032.30, a gain over last year of $56,770.25.
On September 23, 1913, fhe mine workers of
Colorado were practically forced on strike. Just
preceding this action we had expended in West
Virginia on account of the strike on Cabin Creek,
Paint Creek and New River more than $300,000.00.
Because of this additional financial demand made
upon our International treasury caused by the
Colorado strike, we were forced to borrow $300,000
from the following district organizations for our
immediate use:
District No. 1 $25,000.00
District No. 2 25,000.00
District No. 5 25,000.00
District No. 9 25,000.00
District No. 12 100,000.00
District No. 14 50,000.00
District No. 21 25,000.00
District. No. 22 25,000.00
We have helped others financially as well
to carry on our own strikes. During the year
we contributed $4,032.00 to the legal defense fund
in the Hatters' case. In addition we supplied
the Western Federation of Miners more than $20,-
000 to aid them in their strike in the copper district
of Michigan.

A REASONABLY SATISFACTORY SETTLEMENT
of the strike in West Virginia was brought about.
It is, we hope, the beginning of better things for
both miners and operators. I trust a settlement
will very soon be reached in Colorado by which
contract relations will be established between the
operators and miners of the entire state. The
public welfare demands that reason, common sense
and intelligence be substituted for force, waste,
suffering and strike. The steady force of publicopinion
and the continued application of moral
pressure ought to soon compel the coal operators
of Colorado to meet the representatives of the coal
niiners of that state in joint conference for the
purpose of negotiating an agreement.
We have spent large sums of money carrying
forward the work of organization in the non-union
fields. Had ive been less aggressive we could
have reported a much larger amount of money on
hand. We must, however, choose between an increased
membership and a large treasury. For
the present at least we cannot have both. Our
choice has been to increase the membership rather
than build up the treasury and so, while the money
on hand is comparatively small, we are pleased
to report approximately 100,000 new members.
Which would you rather have, more members or
more money?
The total financial resources of our organization
cannot be measured by the balance on hand
in our International treasury. In our district,
sub-district and local union treasuries available
for use there is more than $3,000,000, every dollar
of which can be used for defensive purposes,
(Following this is an itemized statement of all
moneys received and expended for the fiscal year
ending November 30, 1913).
I feel it my pressing duty to call your attention
to the
LEGAI, DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED
which, to say the least, menace the future of our
organization. The officers and representatives of
our union are being indicted, charged with conspiracy,
restraint of trade, interfering with interstate
commerce and attempting to create a monopoly. It
is significant that such legal proceedings are instituted
in communities where strikes occur only.
If we are an unlawful organization, an illegal
monopoly operating in restraint of trade, why wait
until a local strike takes place before legal action
is begun? Invariably the statute under which
action is taken is the Sherman anti-trust act.
This law, when passed, was understood to apply
to corporations and combinations operating for
profit. Since its passage attempts have been
and are now being made to construe it so as to apply
to labor organizations, and so we are slowly
finding out its real meaning. It seems to be an
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
expanding law, susceptible of a new construction
wherever a labor controversy arises. No oneseems
to be able to comprehend its scope or define
its limitations. It seems to have completely reversed
our standard of ethics, because by its
elastic use and ever-broadening construction it
makes criminals out of the most circumspect, patriotic,
honest and law-abiding men and women
who compose our citizenship.
For about 25 years it has been on the statute
books of our nation, and strange as it may seem,
when the federal grand jury at Pueblo, Col., on
December 1, returned indictments against President
White, Vice President Hayes and myself, as
officers of our organization, charging us with attempting
to create
A MONOPOLY OF LABOR,
it was the first time during all these years such
a charge was brought against any labor offi'ials
and the first time such indictments were returned.
Evidently it has taken 25 years to find out that
this act could be so construed.
It is clear that if this construction of the law
is correct, if we are guilty as charged in these
indictments, if labor unions are placed in the
monopolistic class, then all labor organizations
are illegal combinations and their officers criminals.
How long can our labor organizations live
under the operation of such a law? What will
become of the well-settled rule announced by many
courts that labor unions are lawful, and, in addition,
desirable institutions, performing useful service
to society?
This is the problem with which we are face to
face. In my opinion one of two things ought
to be done: Either the Sherman anti-trust lawought
to be repealed, or supplementary legislation
enacted clearly defining what are lawful or unlawful
organizations. Voluntary organizations ought
to be exempt from the operation of the act.
Neither legitimate business or legitimate associations
of men organized for worthy purposes ought
to longer be required to wander in the region of
obscurity and uncertainty. I am inclined to the
view that the law is not in keeping with the spirit
of the times. It is
CONTRARY To SOUND PUBLIC POLICY
and certain natural laws controlling progress.
growth and development. In view of recent developments,
I consider the use to which this law is
put as the most important question affecting the
welfare and growth of labor organizations. I
hope the convention will express itself in unmistakable
terms regarding this question.
And now may we pause just a moment, and,
looking back, survey the rugged road over which
we have thus far come. Inch by inch and step
by step we have hewn our path. It has been a

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
weary way along which many times the courage,
patience and loyalty of all have been subjected
to the most severe and searching tests. Oppression,
persecution, sacrifice and even death have
made futile but stubborn attempts to stop our
going on. There has been no place in this forward
march for the faint of heart or the faltering
one. Thus far it has been a pilgrimage which
required strong men with brave hearts and devoted
lives, but even so, with an army of men
whose loyalty and devotion were unsurpassed and
with courage of the highest order, we could not
have made progress unless our cause was just.
Let us be resolved that our dead shall not have
died in vain, that the suffering and sacrifice of
our heroes living and dead are not forgotten. Inspired
by devotion to a holy cause and encouraged
by the accumulated achievements of the past, let
us serve notice now that no oposition of any character
from any source whatsoever will stay us
in our efforts and purpose to eliminate poverty,
raise the standard of living, educate our children,
improve conditions of employment, protect womanhood
and childhood and bring sunshine, gladness
and happiness into the homes of our loved ones.
ANNUAL REPORT OF MINERS
INTERNATIONAL AUDITORS.
Indianapolis, lnd., Jan. 20, 1914.
To the Officers and Delegates of the Twenty-fourth
Successive and First Biennial Convention of
the International United Mine Workers of
America, in Convention here assembled:
We, the undersigned auditors of the International
United Mine Workers of America, have examined
the books and accounts of the International
secretary-treasurer, Edwin Perry, commencing Dec.
1, 1912, and ending July 31, 1913, and William
Green, commencing Aug. 1, 1913, and ending Nov.
30, 1913, and we beg leave to submit our findings
for your consideration.
INCOME.
Tax $1,133,665.71
Supplies 9,180.12
Journal 15,435.08
Assessment 643,161.58
Strike donations 37,274.09
Loan from District 1 25,000.00
Loan from District 2 25,000.00
Loan from District 5 25,000.00
Loan from District 9 25,000.00
Loan from District 12 100,000,00
Loan from District 14 50,000.00
Loan from District 21 25,000.00
Loan from District 22 35,000.00
Miscellaneous 10,315.11
Total $2,159,031.69
EXPENDITURES.
Salaries and expenses $290,764.09
Supplies 4,431.35
Office expenses 7,161.98
Printing 12,589.72
Journal 24,031.60
Telephone, postage and express 5,307.45
Total $1,621,942,67
Districts reimbursed for one-half salary
and expenses paid traveling auditors
$ 17,892.65
Tax to American Federation of Labor. 36,337.18
Special assessment by A. F. of L. to
striking copper miners 20,000.00
Tax to mining department A. F. of L. 3.577.36
Miscellaneous 58,225.39
Total $2,102,261.44
RECAPITULATION.
Balance on hand Dec. 1, 1912 $ 221,262.05
Income from Dec. 1, 1912, to Nov. 30,
1913 2,159,031.69
Total $2,380,293.74
Expenditures from Dec. 1, 1912, to Nov.
30, 1913 $2,102,261.44
Balance on hand Dec. 1, 1913 $ 278,032.30
Respectfully submitted,
JOHN J. MO.SSOP,
ALBERT NEUTZLING.
WILLIAM DONALDSON,
International Auditors, U. M. of A.
THE HOUSE VOTES FOR A
CONGRESSIONAL PROBE OF STRIKES.
An investigation of strike conditions in the coal
fields of Colorado, and the copper district of Michigan
was authorized by the national House of Representatives
Jan. 2 7. By a vote of 151 to 16, the
House adopted the resolution of Representative
Keating of Colorado, empowering the mines and
niining committee to make inquiry as to conditions
in Colorado and Michigan, in which the federal
government might be concerned.
Hearings will be conducted in the strike regions
by a sub-committee, or sub-committees, which will
start West as soon as arrangements can be made
for the trip. The resolution carries authority to
subpoena witnesses for testimony under oath, and
to require the production of records and papers.
Fire destroyed the power house at No. 30 mine
of the Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation at
Patton, Pa., involving a loss of $30,000, and throwing
750 men out of work.

SCHUYLKILL COUNTY COURT UPHOLDS
MINE INSPECTORS EXAMINING BOARD.
The Schuylkill county, Pa„ court has handed
down a decision sustaining the motion to quash
in the mandamus proceedings taken by Thos. C.
Reese of Pottsville, Pa„ against the mine examining
board to compel it to give him a certificate
as mine inspector. Reese was refused a
certificate by tne board. He brought the matter
into court on the grounds that he had passed the
required number of questions and that under the
law the board was compelled to grant him a certificate.
The court upheld the position of the
board in the matter stating that the law gave it
discretionary powers and that the court could not
compel the board to accept the views of the court
against its own. The opinion of the court in part
follows:
The fifth section of Article 2 of the Act of 1901,
P. L. 540, provides (inter alia), "Whenever candidates
for the office of mine inspector are to be
examined, public notice shall be given. The said
examiners shall be sworn to a faithful discharge
of their duties, and at least four of them shall
sign a certificate setting forth the fact of the applicants
having passed a successful examination
and to have answered 90 per centum of the
questions. The names of the applicants, the
questions asked, and answers thereto shall be sent
to the secretary of the commonwealth and published
in at least two papers, daily or weekly, and
shall give such certificate to only such applicant
as has passed the required examinations."
It will be noted in this connection that the applicant
is required to do more than answer 90
per centum of tbe questions; he is required to
pass a successful examination in addition thereto,
and only such applicant as has passed the required
examination shall be entitled to the certificate.
Who shall be the judges of tbe question
as to whether or not the required examination has
been passed by the applicant? There can be but
one answer to this question, and that is, the Board
of Examiners. It seems to us too plain for argument
that this Board is not only entitled, but required,
to exercise a sound and lawful discretion
in the issuing of these certificates. The position
to which they qualify their holder is one of vast
importance. The powers of a mine inspector are
very great; his responsibilities are enormous;
lives and property are in his keeping. It would
seem to us, therefore, that the Act contemplated
and clearly expressed in this section that the
Board of Examiners should determine not only
that the candidate had passed 90 per centum
of the questions asked, but that he has passed a
successful examination relative to other matters;
and it does not seem to us to be a forced construction
of the Act to conclude that it was evidently
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
the intention of the legislature that the Board of
Examiners should ascertain, as far as possible,
the fitness of the applicant to hold the high office
to which he aspired, before issuing the certificate
that would entitle him to the same. This being
so, it must naturally follow that the duties of the
Board of Mine Examiners are quasi-judicial and
not ministerial alone. Having reached this conclusion,
the question liefore us is, to what extent
have the courts the power to direct the discretion
of the said board or to substitute their own
therefor?
It would greatly impair the entire system provided
for by the legislature relative to the government,
control and supervision of the mining industry,
if the honest judgment and discretion of
the Board of Mine Examiners, exercised in good
faith, could be reviewed and reversed by a jury.
Such a policy would place the practical management
and control of this industry on a very precarious
and uncertain ground. Every consideration
of private interest or of public policy requires
that this quasi-judicial power of the board
should be recognized. The absolute impossibility
of placing the jury in the position of the board,
with the candidate before them, demonstrates the
fact that it would be unwise and impracticable to
do otherwise. Their duties and responsibilities
are great. Upon iheir fearless, impartial and
conscientious discharge of them must depend, to
a very large extent, the efficiency of the mining
system, and, above all, the safety of those employed
under it. To enable them to perform these
duties effectively, the legislature has conferred
upon them powers conmensurate therewith. In
their province, their judgment and conscience are
as free from outside control, except in the mode
or" for the cause prescribed by the statute, as those
of a judge upon the bench, and while we have
naught to do with the policy or expediency of the
law, we may remark that the dangers which are
incident to the vesting of such power in the hands
of this board are not greater than the evils if
every unsuccessful applicant for a certificate might
appeal from their decision and have the question
as to his educational or moral qualifications tried
by a jury. We should not allow ourselves to be
drawn away from the well-settled principles governing
the exercise of judicial, deliberative and
discretionary powers by public officers, by the ap
parent hardship of particular cases. We may
be sure that if experience had shown that the
power committed to this board to pass upon the
fitness of applicants for mine inspector's certificates
had been found in practice to be too great,
the legislatures would before this have applied
the proper corrective.
The books abound in authorities in support of
this position, but we do not feel that any good

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
purpose could be served in taking time to cite
any more in this opinion. The Board of Examiners
for candidates for the office of mine inspector
have acted and have refused a certificate tc
the petitioner. While he makes the statement
that he believes that this was done unfairly to
him and worked an injustice upon him, there is
absolutely no allegation of any fraud or conspiracy
to deprive him of his rights; nor does the petition
cite any facts which could be fairly construed
into a support of this declaration. Under this
state of facts, the provisions of the Act of Assembly,
and in the light of the decisions hereinbefore
set forth, we feel impelled to the conclusion that
the motion to quash this writ must prevail.
STATISTICS SHOW DECREASE IN
MINE FATALITIES IN WEST VIRGINIA.
The Department of Mines of West Virginia has
completed its compilation of the fatality record for
1913. The record shows a decrease of about 7
per cent, in opposition of an increase of 7 per cent.
in the number of men employed. The total number
of fatal accidents was 335 as against 359 in
1912, a decrease of 24. The miners employed now
number 73,251 as against 68,248 in 1912, an increase
of 5,273.
The months of March and August lead in the
death list with 34 each, while April, with 22,
makes the best showing. The monthly record is:
January, 29; February, 33; March, 34; April, 22;
May, 28; June, 24; July, 28; August, 34; September,
26; October, 25; November, 26; December 26.
It is interesting to note that 109 of the 335 fatalities,
or almost one-third, were due to the carelessness
of the victims themselves and should have
been avoided. If they had been avoided the fatality
count would have been 226, the lowest since
1905, when it was 212.
A recapitulation of the fatalities shows that 204
of the 335 were due to falls of roof and coal; 87
were the result of transportation mishaps; only
eight were caused by explosions, this number
being a new record for the state; eight were due
to machinery; 16 to electrocutions, and 12 had
miscellaneous causes, such as falling down shafts,
kicks by mules and fhe like.
The death rate for each thousand men employed
in 1913 was 4.55, a decrease of 0.61 from
1912, when it was 5.26. This is the best rate
since 1905.
The Roberts & Schaefer Co., Chicago, have just
secured a contract from the Paint Creek Collieries
Co., Charleston, W. Va., for the building of a
new coal mining plant at Olcott, W. Va. Approximate
contract price, $27,000.
SMALLER PRODUCERS OF ALABAMA
SHARE IN INCREASED TONNAGE.
While the bulk of Alabama's largest coal production
for 1913, which it is estimated, will go
beyond 17,500,000 tons, will be made by the large
corporations' output, the smaller companies al!
over the state will score very satisfying increases,
according to Chief State Mine Inspector Charles
H. Nesbitt. The output cards mailed by the chief
state mine inspector began to be returned on New
Year's day and are very encouraging in their sta­
tistics.
Shortage of cars is held responsible by Chief
Nesbitt for Alabama's output in 1913 not going
to 18,000,000 tons, but a lull in the market during
the last six months of 1913 was the greatest contributing
factor for last year's not going higher in
its coal figures.
"It is a well known fact that at the beginning
of 1913, for the first six months, the orders were
so heavy that every mine was running full time,"
said Chief Nesbitt in an interview.
"The railroad companies, the steam and furnace
trade and other sources were stocking up and so
along in August everybody had stored away sufficient
coal to last them for a while.
"Then there came a lull in orders for the mines
and the output for the last six months of 1913
was considerably lower than for the first half. I
should say that about 75 per cent, of the obstacle
to a larger output for this year was quietness in
demand and about 25 per cent, due to car shortage.
But in 1913, the greatest trouble was lack of cars.
"The last year will show a very marked increase
in production of coke for Alabama. This
product will make a splendid showing for 1913
over 1912."
Secretary James L. Davidson of the Coal Operators'
association says the coal trade outlook is
much better than he expected.
"The situation is a 'variegated' one. so to speak,
there being mines doing better than ever before,
those doing about fair and others being just about
medium, but none are absolutely poor," says Mr.
Davidson.
"Where a business-like system in conducting
the affairs of the companies is followed, there are
no complaints heard of hard times. I find that
no one has reduced the price of his coal which
further demonstrates that the operators are sensible
to the advantage of leaving the product underground
rather than sell it for less than it costs
to mine it. The past fall was so very mild that
the domestic coal consumers and others did not
have to use as much coal as ordinarily. But
things look very bright now, and I expect a wonderful
year in 1914."

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
THE BITUMINOUS COAL INDUSTRY AND THE SHERMAN LAW*
By Charles M. Moderwell
If I were to tell one of my hearers today that
beginning at once and as long as life lasts he is
to depend upon a large storage warehouse for his
supply of food; that under no circumstances can
this supply be augmented, but that each day's
withdrawal reduces the supply and that only by
care and prudence can he be assured that the supply
will be sufficient for the needs of a long life,
what think you would be the result?
The question answers itself, but I have used
the illustration to show the situation of the American
people with reference to their supply of coal.
Locked up by Nature in an underground storehouse
during the earth making process, it is now
available for the use of mankind, but no further
additions to the present supply are being made.
Considering the welfare of the human race, laws
or economic systems which result in the waste of
our coal supply are wrong in principle, and cannot
be defended—and yet such theories and laws
are accepted in the United States in the Twentieth
century.
I speak today in behalf of the bituminous coal
industry—and I know whereof I speak. This
great industry which produces the cheapest fuel
in the world for the factories of the United States,
is suffering because those engaged in it are not
allowed to "co-operate," but must "compete." The
result is that with an investment of almost a billion
dollars and an annual production of 500,000,-
000 tons, the average return on the investment is
only 2i_ per cent, annually.
With a knowledge of conditions such as are
described above, you will not be surprised to hear
that the bituminous coal mining industry of this
country is not conducted so as best to conserve
the coal deposits. Because of inability to get a
sufficient price for the product, the least
EASILY MINED COAL
is left unmined. This coal, in most cases, will
never be recovered, or if recovered, it will be at
a tremendous cost.
In Bulletin 47 of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, Dr.
J. A. Holmes, director of the bureau, states:
"During the past year (1911) in producing 500,-
000,000 tons of coal we wasted or left underground
in such a condition that it will probably not be
recovered in the future, 250,000,000 tons of coal.
In a higher way, our mineral resources should be
regarded as property to be held in trust with regard
to both the present and future needs of the
country. Neither human labor nor human agency
*Paper read before the National Civic Federation, Hotel
Astor New York City. Nov. 12. 1913.
has contributed to their intrinsic value and whatever
rights the individual may possess have been
derived from the general government. The government
does not surrender its right, and should
not neglect its duty to safeguard the welfare of
its future citizens by preventing the waste of these
resources."
Admitting the duty of the government to safeguard
the coal deposits and to prevent waste, does
it not follow that government should permit such
co-operation under regulation, as will permit the
coal operators to obtain a price for their product
which in turn will permit them to save for future
generations the coal measures now so ruthlessly
wasted?
The industry for which I am speaking is one of
which the public has or should have, an interest.
Next to agriculture it is the most important of all.
It employs more than three-quarters of a million
men, furnishes 65 per cent, of all the traffic for
the railroads and has made possible the great industrial
development of which we love to boast.
Intimately affecting, as it does, the lives and
welfare of all our citizens, it should receive at
the hands of
OUR LAW MAKERS
attention proportionate to its importance. And
yet although approximately one-half the size of
the agricultural industry, the United States spends
only 1/24 as much for the mining industry as for
agriculture, to say nothing of the same relative
expenditures by state government.
Let me show by an actual example the effect of
the Sherman anti-trust law and similar laws of
the various states.
During a time of unusual prosperity, four coal
mines were opened in a western state and engaged
in interstate trade. Of these, two belonged
to large companies owning mines in different parts
of the West, one belonging to a man independently
rich and the fourth was the sole property of a
man who invested in it the savings of a life time.
For a few years all prospered. Then came the
panic of 1907 and hard times followed. The demand
for coal was less than the capacity of the
four mines and the mines began to lose money.
After enduring the loss for some time, representatives
of the mines met to agree upon a limitation
of output and to cease their cut-throat competition.
Because they wished to avoid any offense
against the law, they called in a lawyer, to advise
them. The lawyer told them that to agree to
apportion the territory supplied by these mines
among the different producers, or to agree upon

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the output of each mine, would be illegal and
would subject them to jail sentences. He gave
his opinion that the four mines could be merged
into one company without violating the law", but
none of the mines wished to do this. The mines
owned by the large companies were covered by
bond issues. The rich mine owner was able but
not willing to sell. The poor mine owner acted
as his own manager and could not afford to give up
his salary. The four mines are still competing.
No doubt the users of coal
RECEIVE THE BENEFIT
from this competition while it lasts, but it cannot
last long. The companies are able to operate one
mine at a loss during this enforced commercial
war; the rich mine owner is suffering and the poor
mine owner is being ground out of existence.
When this takes place, the survivors will have a
legal monopoly of the market and will hope to recoup
their losses by raising the price of coal.
The example given above raises one of the fundamental
problems of the "trust question." Does
the public welfare demand that individuals shall
be destroyed and monopoly created in the name
of competition? Or is it better under such circumstances
as are outlined, that the Trade commission
shall be allowed to say whether or not
an agreement such as the above mine owners attempted
to make, is in restraint of trade, or
whether or not it seems to be in the interest of
justice and the public welfare.
Do you wonder that the bituminous coal operators
of the United States are seeking relief from
conditions such as 1 have described? We are not
seeking a monopoly ancl by reason of the vast area
of the coal deposits could not secure a monopoly
if we would. But we do ask the right to make
such agreements among ourselves, under regulations
that will save to future generations the coal
measures of the United States and at the same
time permit us to earn for ourselves a reasonable
return on the capital invested. We are advised
we cannot make such agreements as the law
stands. More than 40 years before the passage
of the Sherman law the English parliament repealed
all laws against such trade agreements as
were not monopolistic or contrary to public policy.
But by the passage of the Sherman act in 1890,
we went back at one step to days of the stage
coach and ox-cart as far as man-made laws are concerned,
although of course, the
ECONOMIC: SITUATION
has not changed. Of all the commercial nations
of the world, in the United States alone does this
anomalous situation exist. In Germany and
France the people encourage the syndicates which
control the mining and sale of toal and fhe
manufacture and sale of other commodities.
Your organization, through its committees, has
made a study of the workings of the so-called
"Sherman anti-trust law." Similar committees
of the American Mining congress have made a
study of the law with the result that they have
prepared a bill which is, in effect, a modification
of the Sherman law. We believe that the bill in
question is based upon sound principles and not
only is not inimical to the interests of the American
public, but that those interests will be best
served through the enactment of some such legislation
as this bill provides.
Briefly, the bill calls for an Interstate Trade
commission, having powers and duties similar to
those of the Interstate Commerce commission but
with jurisdiction over industrial corporations only.
This commission would have power to inquire into
all kinds of agreements, contracts, etc., and to determine
whether they are in violation of the Sherman
act and whether they unlaw-fully restrict
trade or tend to monoply. Under this bill, any
corporation or individual, may submit to the com
mission, for its approval, any agreement it desires
to make and the commission's approval of this
agreement is to be final and conclusive, as to all
questions of fact and also conclusive that such
agreement is not in violation of the Sherman act
and an unlawful restrain of trade.
Without going into further detail, the Interstate
Trade commission bill of the American Mining
congress is designed to permit business men tc
conduct their business in accordance with economic
principles and yet live within the law. Is
it too much to ask of the American public, as represented
by their law- makers, that the business
world be granted this right?
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly
for THE COAL TUADE BULLETIN, by Nesbit & Doolittle,
Patent Attorneys. Park building, Pittsburgh,
Pa., from whom printed copies may be procured
for 15 cents each:
Coal drill, C. L. Anton, Monongahela, Pa.; 1,-
082,617.
Mine locomotive, XV. F. Eckert and W. C. Whitcomb,
Rochelle, 111.; 1,082,740.
Coke conveying and screening mechanism, T. J.
Mitchell, Uniontown, Pa.; 1,082,757.
Hanger for miners' lamps. L. K. Terry, Cooks.
N. Mex.; 1,082,779.
Apparatus for automatically loading coal bins
J. W. Wortham, Decatur, Ala.; 1,083,042,
Acetylene miner's lamp, F. E. Baldwin, New
York; 1,083,427.
Oiling device for mine cars, F. F. Grayham, Big
Stone Gap, Va.; 1,083,532.

INDIANA'S COAL PRODUCTION FOR
FISCAL YEAR 1913 WAS 17,246,565 TONS.
Mr. Frank I. Pearce, deputy state mine inspector
of Indiana, has just made public his annual
report of the coal production of Indiana for the
fiscal year of 1913, ending Sept. 30, 1913. The
total production of all kinds of coal in the state
reached a total of 17,246,565 tons, and the total
amount of wages paid to miners was $15,959,997.63.
The production of block coal was 445,585 tons,
and the wages paid for mining that coal was
$673,272.66.
The total production of bituminous coal was 16,-
800,980 tons, and the total wages paid was $15,286,-
724.97.
Vigo county led the 14 coal producing counties
of the state though Clay county was highest in the
production of block coal, with 250,352 tons.
Block coal produced and the wages paid in the
four block coal companies were as follows: Vigo,
109,380 tons, wages $167,875.12; Clay, 250,253 tons,
wages $390,262.43; Parke, 80,265 tons, wages $110,-
376.96; Perry, 5,588 tons, wages $4,758.15.
The total production and the total wages paid
in the 14 coal producing counties for the year were
as follows: Vigo, 4,476,945 tons, wages $4,201,-
838.03; Sullivan, 3,233,642 tons, wages $5,152,995;
Greene, 2,753,015 tons, wages $2,312,721.32; Vermilion,
2,104,229 tons, wages $2,063,846.77; Knox,
1,664,619 tons, wages $1,291,539.33; Clay, 62S.3S9
tons, wages $746,990.02; Warrick, 619,614 tons,
wages $500,969.93; Pike, 610,623 tons, wages $549,-
532.72; Parke, 546.236 tons, wages $536,673.40; Vandeburg,
288,058 tons, wages $304,288.82; Gibson,
219,552 tons, wages $212,245.70; Davies, 75,471 tons,
wages $67,363.74; Fountain, 15,584 tons, wages $15,-
228.70; Perry, 5,588 tons, wages $4,758.15.
In the bituminous field a fraction less than 91
cents per ton was the labor cost, while from the
block coal field a fraction over $1.51 per ton was
the labor cost. These figures show a slight decrease
in the cost per ton for the labor cost for
the total production of both kinds of coal over any
previous year.
The total number of employes reported for the
year was 21,683, an increase of 453 over 1912. Of
this number 20,441 were employed in the bituminous
and 1,242 in the block coal mines.
The aggregate number of days the mines were
reported as being in operation was 29,452, and the
number of days idle, due to no sale, 10,408; other
causes, 3,353; no railroad cars, 2,195; local strikes,
273, and on account of funeral, 35.
The average employe in the bituminous field
earned $747.84 while the average employe in the
block coal fields earned $542.08, making an average
earning for each mine employe in the state of
$736.06.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
Sixteen new mines, all of which it is believed
will be large producers, were opened up, and 11
mines were abandoned during the year.
In his report, Mr. Pearce says: "If the number
of tons of coal produced and wages paid mine employes
is any criterion, the mining industry of Indiana,
as a whole for the fiscal year ending Sept.
30, 1913, discloses a fairly gratifying condition as
relates to both mineis and mine operators. Notwithstanding
the fact that there are a few mines
closed down the entire year and practically all of
them lost either a. few days, weeks or months on
account of no sale, railroad cars, local strikes or
other causes, the production, as reported to this
department was 17,246,565 short tons, or 877,679
tons less than the largest and 3.('41,987 tons more
than the second largest production in the history
of the state. Of this production, 9,637,901 tons
or a fraction less than 56 per cent., was mined
with mining machines, and 7,608,664 tons or 44
per cent., by hand.
"This, we are very glad to say, shows an increase
of about four per cent, in the production of
coal mined by mining machines over that of last
year. And this production would have been even
larger had it not been for the difficulty experienced
in under-cutting the coal in a number of mines in
which mining machines were tried out. In producing
this coal there was used 526,577 kegs of
black powder, 283 cases of 'permissible explosives,'
and 52 cases of Hoynsite safety powder. While
it is true considerable time was lost at some of
the mines on account of causes other than those
due to shortage of railroad cars, local stiikes and
the flood in March, yet the major part of the time
lost may be attributed to dull trade, due to a very
open winter and increased production and extremely
sharp competition in securing trade."
NORFOLK AND WESTERN SHIPMENTS.
The Norfolk & Western railway tonnage for the
month of December, 1913. was:
N. & W. Field. Total Coal. Coke.
Pocahontas 948,488 85,846
Tug River 223.796
Thacker 243,637
Kenova 87.717
Totals 1,503,638 S5.846
The first suit to test the constitutionality of the
Pennsylvania anthracite coal tax was begun in
the Dauphin county court at Harrisburg, Pa„
Jan. 22, by the Peoples' Coal Co. of Scranton, which
contends that the act violates the constitutional
provision urotecting property. The act, passed by
the last legislature, provides a tax which amounts
to a little more than five cents a ton.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LABOR NOTES
Au agreement, has been reached by (he Pacific
Coast Coal Co. and representatives of 840 mineis
who quit work in the coal mine at Black Diamond
recently alleging that the mine was unsafe, under
the terms of which the men will return to work
immediately, the company to install additional
safeguards. The company also released the mine
foreman to whom the men objected. The question
of the dismissal of the mine supeiintendent,
which the miners also demanded, will be settled
by arbitration.
The strike in the mines of the Lorain Coal &
Dock Co., near Bridgeport, O., brought about by
a dispute over the new Ohio workman's compensation
law, was ended Jan. 17 by a compromise
agreement, in which the company agreed to the
right of the men to be included in the state liability
act while riding to and from work in the
mine.
The Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co. has issued
an order barring all smoking in its mines, no matter
what section of the mines the man may be employed
in and barring all matches or other means
of ignition from those sections of the mines where
safety lamps are required ta be used.
Louis Busic and Joseph Warmus, of Wehrum,
Pa., were each sentenced to pay a fine ot $100 and
serve 30 days in the Indiana, Pa., county jail for
violation of the niining laws. State Mine Inspector
Nicholas Evans charged the men with
having fired holes with short fuses.
The annual meeting of the ITnited Mine Workers
of America of District No. 21, which includes
Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas and Missouri,
will open in Fort Smith, Ark., Fell. 17. The convention
will extend over a period of three days.
ers returned to work. The demands of the men
were acceded to.
The Bessemer Coke Co, has announced a cut in
the wages of its employes at the Griffin and
Humphreys plants in the Connellsville, Fa., region.
The cut is to the level of 1911.
Miners io the number of 200 are on strike at
the mines of the Creek Coal Mining* Co., Henryetta,
Okla., over tiie question of "back switching"
taii.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS ij
Umpire Neill of the anthracite conciliation hoard The H. C. Frick Coke Co. has buoght two tracts
has decided the grievance of the employes of the of coal in Fallowfield township, Washington
Drifton colliery of the Lehigh Valley Coal Co. in county. Pa., from Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Emery, of
favor of the employes. The dispute was over the Washington. One contains 105.467 acres and the
reduction of the price of laying read and loading other 29.891 acres. The price is $75,000. The
or shifting gob. The umpire rules that the rate coal adjoins a large tract held by the Frick Coke
of 61 cents per yard for road laying and 61 cents Co.
per car for loading gob, effective before August,
Jane A. Taylor, of Noblestown, Pa., has sold to
1912, be restored.
XV. H. Shinn, of Carnegie, Pa., 52.385 acres of
coal in Smith township, Washington county, Pa.
William H. Moore also has sold to the same gentleman,
33.187 acres and David Taylor 155.749 acres,
all at a private price.
The Safe Deposit & Trust Co., of Pittsburgh, ha
purchased from Edward E. Duff, trustee, 14,386
acres of land in Kanawha and Boone counties, XV.
Va., formerly owned by the Forks Coal Co. The
price is reported to be $124,000.
E. L. Ford, of Youngstown, O., president of the
Youngstown Steel Co., has sold to the Gracetou
Coke Co. 1,550 acres of coal and 300 acres of surface
land in Dunkard township, Greene county,
Pa., at a private price.
M. L. Hupp and associates, of Donegal township,
Washington county, Pa., have sold to Owen Murphy,
of Unity, Pa., 636.525 acres of coal for $31,-
826.25.
The H. E. Davis Co., Winchester, Ky., has sold
to the Wolf Valley Coal Co. 1,270 acres of coal in
Breathitt county, Ky., at a private price.
Noah Blough, of Cairnbrook, Pa., has sold to
H. C. Cook, of Johnstown, Pa.,' 100 acres of coal
near Shade Furnace, Pa., for $25,000.
More rhan 1.000 miners employed in the Blaine W. T. Lambert, of Henderson, Ky., has sold to t
and Lansing mines of the Lorain Coal & Dock Co. Peoples Mining Co., 05 acres of coal in Hender­
at St. Clairsville, O., on Jan. 14 struck because tbe son county for $3,000.
company would not be responsible for injuries under
the new working-men's compensation law.
The official report of State Mine Inspector Wil-
The strike that had been on at Gallitzin, Pa., lam Walters of Maryland for the fiscal year ending
for several weeks was settled Jan, 16 and the min­ April 30, shows that ihe output was 4,0S5,S17 tons.

i.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
OHIO MINERS MAKE DEMAND TO BE PAID ON RUN OF MINE BASIS
AND ASK AN INCREASED WAGE
United Mine Workers of District No. 0 (Ohio)
held their convention early in the fortnight and
the most important action taken was the adoption
of the following report of the scale committee:
We, your Scale Committee, after carefully deliberating
on the matters submitted to use by the
delegates, beg leave to present the following report:
That we demand the following:
1st. That all coal be weighed before screened
and be paid for on the mine-run basis.
2d. A proper readjustment of the machine differential
at the basing point.
3d. A general substantial advance on machine
and pick mining at the basing point.
4th. A proportionate advance on all deadwork,
deficient work and yardage, and that all narrow
work be paid entry price.
5th. All deadwork shall be paid for, and that
we demand and insist that the draw slate of the
No. 8 seam shall be paid for in the same proportion
as other sub-districts, at any cost.
6th. That the mining prices at the basing point
shall be based on machine mining instead of pick
mining prices.
7th. That we demand a uniform day of eight
hours from, bank to bank for all classes of inside
and outside day labor, with half-holiday on Saturday.
Sth. A uniform inside day wage scale with a
proportionate advance with the mining rate.
9th. A unitorm day wage scale for all classes
of outside day labor, with a proportionate advance.
10th. That local irregularities, both as to prices
and conditions, and internal differences shall be
referred to the districts or sub-districts affected
for adjustment.
11th. That we demand wash houses at all mines,
and that they be kept in a sanitary condition by
the coal companies.
12th, That the company lay the road in all
working places.
13th. That all cars be delivered at the face of
all working places.
14th. That where men are required to work
overtime they shall bo paid time and a half and
double time on Sunday.
When the convention opened at Columbus, the
report of the tellers showed that John Moore, of
Columbus, was re-elected president of District No.
6, Other officers for the ensuing year will be:
Lee Hall, Cambridge, vice president; G. W. Savage,
Columbus, secretary-treasurer; A. R. Watkins,
Yorkville, international board member: Joseph
Penman, Congo; Ralph Robson, Tiltonville, and
Thomas Crawford, Pleasant City, auditors; T. C.
Jones, Bergholz; J. H. Chadwell, Brilliant, and
Thomas Smith, Amsterdam, tellers.
In his annual report President Moore recommended
a readjustment of the machine miningscale,
an eight-hour day for firemen, engineers and
others employed outside and around the mines and
a universal half holiday on Saturday.
The Ohio compulsory workmen's compensation
law President Moore characterized as "the most
progressive and important labor legislation enacted
in any state in the Union and will work a
virtual increase in wages for every miner in the
state."
The scale committee named was: C. J. Albasin,
Bridgeport; John Saxton, Lisbon; George Branigan,
Jobs; David Watkins, Buffalo; L. D. Davis,
Oak Hill, and Ben Sampson, Deerfield.
The committee on resolutions was: Percy Tetlow,
Charles Fisher, P. V. Cusac, Jake Kirkendall,
Thomas Edwards and H. A. Danning.
The convention voted down a resolution to suspend
operations April 1, if a new wage scale was
not negotiated by that time.
A resolution was adopted favoring an old age
pension law in Ohio and it also was decided to
co-operate with the Ohio Federation of Labor in
its fight for labor legislation. Action was taken
to place the "check weighmen" of each mine under
the protection of the workmen's compensation law.
These men have not been protected until this
time, because there is usually only one check
weighman at a mine. The mine workers now will
pay the premium for the cheekweighman.
The matter of the selecting the next place of
meeting was left in the hands of the executive
committee.
In closing the session of the convention
President Moore said: I desire to thank the delegates
to this convention for their hearty support
and loyal co-operation in conducting the affairs
of this meeting. In my opinion this is one of
the grandest conventions ever held by the Ohio
mineis. and I assure you it was not only a pleasure,
but I consider it an honor to be permitted to
preside over such a body. I believe your deliberations
have been more progressive and advanced
than ever before. The proceedings of this convention
show that tbe Ohio miners are abreast of
the times and awake to the real situation. I believe
this meeting will go down in the annals of
our history as one of the greatest conventions of
ihe Ohio miners.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
JOHN C. BRYDON OUTLINES BIG
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOMERSET COUNTY.
The Somerset. Pa„ Board of Trade held its annual
banquet Jan. 16, and among the speakers was
Mr. John C. Brydon, who is chairman of the Publicity
committee.
Mr. Brydon, in his address included these figures
in his remarks:
During the past 12 years there have been expended
in Somerset county for railroad construction
and improvements, exclusive of motive power
and equipment, between $28,000,000 and $30,000,000.
During the same period there have been expended
in mineral investments and coal mine equipment
approximately $14,000,000.
A total expenditure in these two industries alone
of between $42,000,000 and $44,000,000; a sum equal
to 10 per cent, of the total estimated cost of the
Panama canal.
These two industries alone are disbursing by payrolls
between $12,000,000 and $14,000,000 annually.
In 1902 the total taxable mineral acreage in Somerset
county was 92,000 acres. In 1912 it was
250.000 acres, whieli at an average assessment of
$20 per acre means $3,150,000 increase taxable property,
exclusive of equipment investment.
Baltimore & Ohio railroad officials gave the following
figures to show the cost of recent improvements
made or now being made in Somerset county
and the payroll of the railroad in Somerset territory
:
Expenditures: Double and side tracking, $5,200,-
000; Sand Patch tune! and other improvements
there, $2,000,000; Quemahoning branch, $1,500,000;
Somerset yard, $375,000; miscellaneous, $1,000,000;
a total of $10,000,000.
The employes number 4,000. The monthly payroll
is $275,000 and the annual payroll $3,300,000.
At the annual meeting of the stockholders of
the Southern Connellsville Coke Co., S. A. Carson
of Uniontown was elected a member of the board
of directors to succeed the late Dr. Hugh Baker.
Other directois chosen were S. J. Harry, F. E.
Markell, J. R. Davidson and Charles Detwiler.
The officers elected were: President, F. E. Markell;
vice president, S. J. Harry; secretary and treasurer,
J, R. Davidson. S. A. Carson was re-elected
general manager of the company.
Indictments charging unlawful use of mails in
the sale of stock of various coal companies in British
Columbia have been returned at Spokane,
Wash., by a federal grand jury against R. G. Belden
and A. E. Wayland, president and vice presirent
respectively of the International Development
Co., of Spokane. The companies involved
are the Crown and Empire Coal & Coke Cos., and
the Michel Mines Co.. of British Columbia.
< PERSONAL (•
J-^L~„^--_-_-_„-~~-~~-~~—-._-_. _-_-_^*L
Mr. Charles F. Ice, formerly manager of the
Millers' Creek division of the Consolidation Coal
Co.. was recently made chieF coal inspector for the
same firm with duties embracing all divisions.
Mr. G. M. Gillette, formerly assistant general superintendent
of the Elkhorn division, was promoted
to be manager of the Millers' Creek division,
succeeding Mr. Ice.
Gov. Dunne of Illinois has named two new state
mine inspectors, viz: Mr. John Carrity, Riverton,
111., inspector for the Twelfth district, vice Mr.
J. W. Fairburn, and Mr. Ben B. Roberts, Streator,
111., inspector lor the First district, vice Mr. Hector
McAllister.
Mr. Ralph Lockhard, formerly superintendent
of the Quemahoning Coal Co.'s mines at Ralphton,
Pa., has been elected general manager of the Canadian
Collieries, Ltd., which has developments under
way in the vicinity of Cumberland, B. C.
Superintendent David Thomas of the Provident
Coal Co. has appointed Mr. J. M. Forbes safety
inspector for the mines in St. Clairsville and Fairpoint,
O.. in accordance with the recommendations
of the Ohio Industrial commission.
Mr. John R. Bryden has resigned as general
manager of the Scranton Coal Co. and the Elk
Hill Coal & Iron Co. at Scranton, Pa„ and Mr.
William L. Allen, general superintendent, has been
named as his successor.
Mr. L. O. Mellinger has resigned his position
with the Furnace Run Mining Co. and will assume
the superintendency of the Brush Creek
operations of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal &
Iron Co.
Prof. J. C. Roberts, who has been connected with
the experimental work of the United States Bureau
of Mines at Denver, has been assigned to the University
of Utah to take up the experimental work.
Mr. Henry Redding, superintendent of the Panther
Run Coal Co. at Pardus, Pa., has resigned his
position to enter a business enterprise. Mr. A.
Verner Orner, of Dubois, succeeds him.
Mr. D. H. Sullivan, former president of the Ohio
United Mine Workers, has been appointed mine
inspector for the Tuscarawas district of Ohio.
Mr. Morris Albaugh of the Ohio Coal Mine commission
has been appointed district mine inspector
in the Hocking district of Ohio.
The Oak Leaf Coal Co. of Cordova, Ala., has
been placed in the hands of a receiver.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
THE SELLING PRICE OF COAL*
By K. A. Colter, Secretary-Treasurer of the CI. Blake Coal Co., Cincinnati, ( Ihi
In discussing "The Selling Price of Coal," I presume
you are more especially interested in the
relation the selling price bears to the cost of pioduction
and how and by whom the selling pi ice
is made.
Wonderful progress has been made in all lines
of industry in the way of ascertaining definite
and accurate costs of production. In the mining
field this has frequently resulted in the reduction
of costs, but in most cases an increase will appear
on account of more scientific methods of mining
and safe-guarding of life and property used
in production and handling.
In many instances where this scientific analysis
of cost indicates an increase, that increase is
probably more imaginary than real for the reason
that coal has been actually costing what the
analysis showed, but the producer has been laboring
under the misapprehension that he was putting
his coal on board cars for much less. Therefore,
when he awakens to the fact that the margin
between actual cost and selling price has been
greatly overestimated, he immediately wants more
money for his product.
Answering the query "What should be the relation
of selling price to cost," I should say the
selling price should be the cost of production plus
a reasonable charge for the money invested and
risk involved and the cost of selling.
Assuming, of course, that the producer has an
average plant, his cost is upon an equality with
his neighbors ancl competitors in his own field,
his money is no better and worth no more, his
risk is equal but not greater, then, the proper
returns upon his investment are easily established.
The cost of selling depends upon the method.
It is not within my province to discuss this question,
although allusion may be made to it later.
This phase of the subject is worthy of the same
careful research that has been given to the cost
of production, and might well be more definitely
known.
In discussing the selling price, we have described
"how it should be made," and we should now consider
"by whom it should be made."
The responsibility for the low returns in the
past cannot be shifted entirely to the shoulders
of the selling agent, whether he be producer, as
well, or merely an independent person; for ignorance
of cost on the part of the producer has often
misled the selling agent into ruinous prices.
But, we see improvement in this direction by
the closer relations between the producer and the
*Paper read before the West Virginia Coal Mining Institute,
December, 1913.
seller. There was a time not so long ago when
it was only necessary to learn at what price a
certain grade of coal was being put into a certain
market and the price was met or cut, as the
case might be, the freight deducted and the balance
accepted as the price of the coal. In some
instances, however, the process was reversed. The
delivery price was made to meet competition but
the operator was paid the least he would take
and the railroad took the balance for the freight.
This condition having been corrected, there
sprung up another—the seller who dealt only with
tonnage, whose only thought was to move enormous
quantities and whose interests lay solely in
the commissions.
This can only be remedied by co-operation between
the producer and the sales agent whereby
Loth are brought to see that their interests are
mutual and interdependent. The two branches,
producing and selling, are distinct and one requires
quite as much business acumen and integrity
as the other, but they can be harmonized
without prejudice to the consumer.
Thus far we have discussed the selling price cf
coal upon the basis of fixed production costs and
have not taken into consideration contingencies,
such as demand, abnormal market conditions,
terms of delivery and payment, all of which affect
the selling price.
Not long ago a shipper remarked, "there is no
such thing as a market price. It is simply what
you can get." This is true in a large measure,
but if one is imbued with a know ledge of what the
commodity costs, how it is prepared and under
what conditions it is produced, one is more likely
to get more for it.
The fact that a gas coal from another field is
being sold in a certain market at what would be
a low price for my gas coal does not necessarily
warrant me in meeting that rate, but should spur
me into finding another market in which my c-oal
will bring a satisfactory price.
The present knowledge of accurate costs on the
part of the producers was not attained in a single
day, but required nearly a decade and many conferences.
This has, in some measure, been reflected
in a more sensible selling price, but it will
lequire considerable work on the part of both producer
and distributor to educate the buying and
consuming public to a readjustment of prices
which is inevitable.
The innovations and reforms in mining coal
were accomplished in the face of opposition from
those whose cherished ideas and pet theories were

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
upset and destroyed; and reforms in the handling
and selling of your product cannot be accomplished
without a frank discussion of the ignorance, errors
and abuses attendant upon that branch of the
business.
Having assumed that the producer has an accurate
knowledge of the cost of production, the
question of a reasonable return on the capital invested
is next in order. The figures compiled
by the federal government show that the average
returns from all mines in the United States for
the year 1909 were 3 per cent, on the capital invested.
The coke making mines of Pennsylvania,
including the Connellsville district, were exceptions,
with returns exceeding 6 per cent.
The three leading coal producing states showed
returns on all mines as follows: In Pennsylvania
a gain of 4.6 per cent., in West Virginia a deficit
of 0.9 per cent., and in Illinois a gain of 1.7 per
cenS.
This shows conclusively the necessity of figuring
into the selling price a larger percentage on
the investment than has been the custom. I
leave it with you to decide what is the reasonable
return upon your investment and risk.
Now, just a word as to the cost of selling. This
varies according to the volume and method of
marketing, and, while it is a profitable field for
discussion, I think there is much misapprehension
on the part of the producer as to* the present
actual cost of doing business, especially where the
territory has unlimited proportions.
This is brought about partly by the receipt at
the mines, during an active market, of numerous
inquiries from persons more or less unreliable—
many of whom have only desk loom in some large
jobbing centre, with little or no financial responbility—whose
flattering promises lead the unthinking
operator to imagine that his entire product
can be sold without any effort. The operator
loses sight of the fact that these undesirables
are only heard from during active periods, while
the legitimate sales agent is hard at work the year
round to keep the plant in operation and, at the
same time, maintain the market. This is no
small job I assure you and it is worthy of the best
efforts of any man.
The matter of terms is important. As the
measure of a tradesman's profit is determined by
the time required for the turnover of his stock
so is this question vital to us. If everyone's
terms were identical—say 30 days net—it would
be a simple matter. But when we consider that
the interest for 60 days, at six per cent., on $1.00
coal is lc per ton, on $1.50 coal is l%c per ton
and on $2.00 coal is 2c per ton, you can readily
see how much of the selling price is squandered
in extra time given to buyers.
It is indeed unfortunate that the federal govern­
ment, having done so much toward educating the
producer as to the true value of his property, the
scientific compilation of his costs and the safeguarding
of life and property, has not been so
zealous and active in teaching and helping him to
procure for his product a reasonable return. This
is especially unfortunate when compared with the
attitude of governments of other important coal
producing countries toward their operators.
The day of individualism has passed and we
have entered upon an area of collective effort,
which, when rightly directed, will redound to the
benefit of all.
I am neither a prophet nor the son of a prophet,
but I have the faith to believe that in the near
future there will be brought about, by popular
approval, a radical change in the attitude of our
own government toward securing a reasonable return
for the product of our mines.
TENTATIVE PROGRAM FOR SUMMER MEET­
ING OF COAL MINING INSTITUTE OF
AMERICA.
The executive board of the Coal Mining Institute
of America held a meeting in Pittsburgh
recently and adopted the following tentative program
for the summer meeting, to be held at Monongahela,
Pa., in June.
Local committee on arrangements at Monongahela—Alex.
McCanch, chairman; William Bird,
Henry Louttit, H. T. Booker and XV. A. Luce.
First Day—Morning—Address of welcome. Addsess—"Lake
Erie and Ohio River Ship Canal."
President Jesse K. Johnston to secure the speaker.
Afternoon — Paper—"Mine Timbering." (a)
Method of timbering and quality of timber, J. M.
Armstrong, (b) Method of timbering with reference
to over-lying strata and geological formation,
William Seddon. (c) Possible substitutes for
mine posts, U. S. Bureau of Mines representative.
Evening—In charge of local committee of arrangements
for entertainment or otherwise. Stereopticon
presentation of timbering by representative
of H. C. Frick Coke Co., lecturer to be secured
by I. G. Roby.
Second Day — Morning — Paper — "Accidents
Caused by Machine Mining as Against Pick Mining,"
by A. P. Cameron. Question Box, conducted
by W. E. Fohl.
Afternoon—Paper—"Practical Results from Efficiency
Methods in Mining," I. G. Roby to secure
Austin King, chief inspector for the H. C. Frick
Coke Co., to present this paper.
The annual meting of the New England Retail
Coal Dealers' association will be held in June, instead
of March, with a view to combining an outing
with the usual convention features.

INPROVISED MINE FIRES ON
AN EXPERIMENTAL SCALE.
The Bureau of Mines has recently installed at
its Pittsburgh experiment station an underground
chamber or furnace in which to carry on experiments
relating to mine fires and spontaneous combustion
as occurring in mines.
A section of steel tube cylindical in shape, 6V_
feet in diameter and 27 feet long, was laid on its
side in a deep trench, and after lining this shell
with fire brick and mineral wool and stopping the
ends with 13-inch brick walls, it was covered with
two feet of earth. The chamber was constructed
so as to be as nearly airtight as possible, and in
such manner as to retain to the greatest degree
practicable any heat generated within its walls.
At one end a motor-driven fan will blow in air
at a rate which can be accurately measured, and
at the other a stack is provided which can be
opened or closed as desired. Through the top of
the chamber, at frequent intervals, pass small
pipes for withdrawing samples of air or gases and
for inserting pyrometers for temperature measurement
in the interior.
The chamber will hold six to eight tons of coal
of coal when one-third full. It is expected that
different kinds of coal or of the gob or waste material
from mines will be placed in the chamber
and a study made of spontaneous development of
heat in them under various conditions. After
an active fire has been started in the chamber
either by this means or artificially, experiments
will be made on controlling the fire by reducing
the air supply or by sealing it off entirely. The
progressive changes in composition of the fire
gases or of the air surrounding the coal will be
followed and temperature measurements made,
in an endeavor to apply the data thus obtained to
solving practical prob'ems in the treatment of
mine fires.
Investigations have been made in other countries
and to some extent also in this country, of
the gases produced in actual cases of mine fires
both before and after sealing off a burning area.
The bureau is now making, however, probably the
first attempt to investigate such problems in an
experimental apparatus which permits icareflul
control of conditions and yet is on a scale nearly
commensurate with mining operations.
These investigations are being conducted by
Horace C. Porter, chemist of the Bureau of Mines.
A meeting of the stockholders of the Pennsylvania
Coal & Coke Corporation will be held at
Philadelphia March 31, and the question of issuing
$900,000 new preferred stock, or increasing the
indebtedness of the company in lieu thereof will
be voted on.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
UPLIFT CAMPAIGN IN WEST
VIRGINIA COAL MINES.
The coal operators of West Virginia are cooperating
in a campaign for the education and
social advancement of miners and mine laborers.
Dean Jones, of the School of Mines at the State
University, announced he had piepared these plans
for mine extension work, and he called attention
to the fact that already a great deal of work had
been done by the operators along this line.
Mr. John Laing, former chief of the state department
of mines, explaining this work, took occasion
to remark on the advancement in methods
for the preservation of human life, increase in
sanitation and the betterment of social conditions.
"Clergymen of all creeds, whether for white or
colored people," said Mr. Laing, "are being engaged
at the suggestion of the miners and paid by
operators. When these clergymen take up their
work they are allowed a free hand, and their influence
is beginning to show itself, particularly
with the children of the various mining communities.
This practice of employing clergymen is
becoming general in the state.
"In addition to this the number of Young Men's
Christian associations is increasing. Wherever
there are Y. M. C. A. buildings—and all of them
have been erected at the expense of the company—
they are community centers. All of them have
swimming pools and baths, free reading rooms,
lecture rooms, gymnasia, pool and billiard tables,
and bowling alleys.
"A fee of from $1 to $5 a year is charged and
wherever an association is found in mining communities
nearly all the male portion of the population
will be found on the membership roll. It
may be said that within the next five years Y. M.
C. A. buildings will be found in all mining camps
in the state.
"But one should not forget the hospitals in various
section of West Virginia. Operators are joining
forces in building these hospitals where all
families can be cared for.
"Taking all these things into consideration we
have reason to believe that West Virginia is now
leading all coal mining states in an effort to make
employes as comfortable and as happy as possible."
At the annual meeting of Pittsburgh Coal Exchange
the following officers were elected for the
coming year: Capt. W. B. Rodgers, president;
A. B. Shepherd, vice president; J. Frank Tilley,
secretary and treasurer, W. B. Rodgers, John C.
Neff, G. XV. Thomas, J. D. O'Neil, E. Davidson,
John W. Hubbard, Oscar F. Barrett, H. P. McCue,
directors; W. B. Rodgers, C. C. Bunton, Warren
Elsey, A. H. Stolzenbach, James Moren, James G.
Geegan and J. Frank Tilley. executive committee.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
In a decision which is of vital interest to the
iron and steel industries of the country in general,
and of the Pittsburgh district in particular, the
Interstate Commerce commission on Jan. 27, ruled
that railroads could not give allowances and free
services to those plants which maintain plant
roads. It is held to be unlawful to make allowances
to the industries or their subsidiary railways
in the form of divisions out of the rate, per diem
reclaims, remission of demurrage and furnace
allowances. These allowances have been a practice
in the iron and steel industry, and the decision
of the commission wil mean the loss of large
sums to these industries.
A meeting of Pennsylvania mine inspectors was
held at the Fort Pitt hotel, Pittsburgh, dining the
fortnight, to consider wa> s and means and a program
of entertainment for those who will attend
the Mine Inspectors' Institute of North America
next June in Pittsburgh. A fund of $10,000 for
entertainment and to cover expenses is being
raised, and the meeting promises to be one that
will be notable in the history of the organization.
The Indiana Supreme court, in a case in which
the Shirley Hill Coal Co. was defendant, decides
that where a healthy man of 35 years, earning
$85 a month, was killed, leaving a wife and five
children, a judgment of $8,000 will not be held
excessive without some showing of wherein the
jury was prejudiced or acted with partiality or
through corruption.
The Atlantic States Coal & Coke Co., a subsidiary
of the Clinchfield Fuel Co., has established an office
in Galveston, Tex., and will make the Oleander
City one of its principal coaling stations for supplying
fuel to vessels using the Panama canal.
The first cargo of 3,000 tons of coal for the new
plant is expected to arrive at Galveston, Feb. 15.
The receipts of anthracite coal at Chicago by
lake for the year 1913, according to the reports
of the collector of customs, were 1,083,712 tons,
compared with 881,380 tons for 1912 and 969,231
tons for 1911. The receipts of bituminous coal
by lake for 1913 were 934,898 tons, compared with
831,579 tons in 1912 and 560,093 tons in 1911.
I. W. Semans, of Uniontown, Pa., has exchanged
with the Bessemer Coke Co., owned by J. H. Hillman
& Sons of Pittsburgli, 1,528 acres of coal lands
in Washington county, for the Besco plant of the
Bessemer Coke Co., nea.- Millsboro, Pa. Mr. Semans
also receives a large cash contribution. The
deal involves about $1,0(0,000.
Holding that the mine foreman and not the coal
company or mine superintendent was responsible
for the safety of mine passages after they are
opened, Judge Garman at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Jan.
23, granted a compulsory non-suit in the case of
Cornelius Vistock of Plains township against the
Pennsylvania Coal Co.
The Retail Coal Dealers' and Feed Dealers' Corlect
Weight association of St. Joseph, Mo., has
filed with the Public Service commission of that
state, a compiaint against the Santa Fe road, alleging*
discrimination in freight rates on coal in
favor of Kansas City, from coal mines at Richmond,
Mo.
J. V. Thompson and Samuel Stern, of Uniontown,
Pa., have purchased from the Union Deposit
& Trust Co., of Waynesburg, Pa., "trustee of the
estate of James C. Neel, deceased, 95 acres ond
59 perches of coal and surface in Cumberland
township, Greene county, Pa.; consideration, $49,-
500.
The Consolidation Coal Co., of Baltimore, Md.,
has declared a quarterly dividend of 1% per cent.
It is learned the annual report of tonnage of the
company for 1913 will show a total of over 11,-
250,000 tons, or an increase of approximately 700,-
000 tons.
William B. Scaife & Sons Co., of Pittsburgh,
recently received a contract from the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. for three steel tipples, each requiring a
large amount of structural steel. These tipples
are for the Montour mines Nos. 1. 2 and 4.
J. V. Thompson, of L'niontown, Pa., has purchased
from James A. Campbell, of Youngstown,
O., 1,348 acres of coal and 71 acres of surface in
Cumberland township, Greene county, Pa.; consideration,
$1,046,099.50.
The O'Gara Coal Co. has given notice that all
interest coupons on the bonds of the company due
Sept. 1, 1913, will be paid at the office of the company
in the Marquette building, Chicago, on presentation.
Shipments of coal and coke over the Norfolk &
Western railroad during 1913 broke all previous
records, a total of 24,547,945 tons being hauled
as against 22,643,169 tons in 1912,
The tipple of the Gypsy, W. Va., mine of the
Consolidation Coal Co. was burned Jan. 19, with
a loss of $15,000. Incendiarism is suspected.
The meeting of the Southern Appalachian Coai
Operators' association has been postponed from
Jan. 23 to Feb. 10, at Knoxville, Tenn.
The first regular trains ever the new P. & L. E.
branch to the mines of the Crucible Coal Co. at
Crucible, Pa., ran Jan. 16.

Normal business in the steel and coke trade was
predicted by James A. Farrell, president of the
United States Steel Corporation, in an address delivered
at the annual banquet given to Thomas
Lynch, president of the H. C. Frick Coke Co., to
the executives, heads of departments and superintendents
of the coke company, at the Greensburg
Country club recently. Mr. Farrell's presence
was a surprise to many who were gathered for the
annual affair, and his optimistic outlook of the
business situation was good news to the 130 present.
Validity of the Pennsylvania law requiring each
mine operator to leave a pillar of coal, of such
width that together with the pillar left by the
adjoining owner it would be a sufficient barrier
lor the safety of the mines, was argued before
the U. S. Supreme Court Jan. 15. John C. Johnson
of Philadelphia contended on behalf of the coal
companies that the law was crude, uncertain, unjust
and unconstitutional. Attorney General Bell
defended it.
The Tennessee Coal. Iron & Railroad Co., in accordance
with the terms of its general gold mortgage,
has set aside $71,000 to be invested in the
purchase of bonds for the sinking fund. The
Union Trust Co., of New York, trustee under the
mortgage, received sealed proposals for the sale
of these bonds to the amount of the sum stated
at its office, 80 Broadway, up to noon January 22,
when the lowest offer was accepted.
The body of Edward Joyce, who disappeared
from his home in Carnegie, Pa., five years ago,
was found during the fortnight in an abandoned
entry in the Camp Hill mine of the Carnegie Coal
Co., located just w-est of Carnegie. Joyce was
mine boss at the Camp Hill workings and was
familiar with every part of the mine. He evidently
had wandered into the abandoned entry
and was overcome by gas.
Preliminary tests of Alaskan coal from the Bering
river district have been discouraging to officials
who hoped they might develop a new fuel supply
for the navy. Rear Admiral Griffin has reported
to the House naval affairs committee that the Bering
river coal tested so far has fallen so far under
expectations in practical use as to be of no value.
The personnel of the Mine Inspectors' Examining
board of Schuylkill county, Pa., for 1914 is: John
H. Pollard, of Mahanoy City; George Reiser, of
Minersville; William A. Mengle, of Shamokin;
David J. Davis, of Pottsville, and Pilot Orme, of
St. Clair.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
The annual report of the Colorado Fuel & Iron
Co. shows gross earnings of $24,415,837 from operations
during the year ending June 30, 1913.
Operating expenses were $20,695,654. Deducting
operating expenses and other items, exclusive of
fixed charges, the net operating income was $4,-
375,985, a decrease of $78,079 from the record of
1912. The surplus, with all fixed charges deducted,
amounted to $1,727,192.
The Pennsylvania railroad has taken over the
eight-mile extension of the Windber, Pa„ branch
to Cairnbrook from Mc-Menamin & Sims, the contractors.
The first shipment of coal was made
during the fortnight, comprising two cars from the
Loyalhanna Coal & Coke Co. new operation.
George M. Carpenter, chief fuel inspector of the
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis railroad, has
renewed its contract with the Tennessee Coal, Iron
& Railroad Co. for its coal supplies during this
year, 200,000 tons of coal to be taken from the
Whitewell mines to Tennessee.
The Erie Coal Co. has announced it will abandon
the mine at Eriton, where labor difficulties
have existed for some time. The pumps will be
taken out, the operation dismantled and the field
abandoned.
State Coal Mine Inspector J. B, McDermott of
Montana reports that the coal production of that
state in the fiscal year ended Oct. 31, 1913, was
3,365,172 tons, a gain of 221,933 tons over 1912.
A receiver has been named for the Marion Coal
Co., of Scranton, Pa., at the instigation of President
W. P. Boland of the company. William A.
Tipsworthy of Montrose, Pa., is the receiver.
The Cross Mountain Coal Co., of Knoxville,
Tenn., will take over and operate the mine of that
name at Briceville. Tenn., which was the scene
of an explosion about two years ago.
The Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory, at
Huntingdon, Pa., will ask for bids on July 1, 1914,
for furnishing the reformatory with coal for a
period of one year from July 15, 1914.
Chattanooga, Tenn., advices are that an effort
is to be made to reorganize the Dayton Coal &
Iron Co. The receivership is to be ended and
the company put on its feet.
The coal output of Utah in 1913 is reported at
3,289,255 tons by State Coal Mine Inspector J. E.
Pettit. This is an increase of 200,899 tons as
compared with 1912.
The Tennessee River Coal Co. is preparing to
reopen its mines near Chattanooga, Tenn., which
have been closed down for more than a year.

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
President White's Report To The Miners.
(CONTINUED KI1C1.11 PAGE 26)
My own personal opinion in the matter is that
if a change is made it should be with a view to
practical economy and good, sound business policy.
There are probably just as many serious objections
to urge against the substitution of the district
presidents for the board members as there
can be found complaints against the existing system.
There is some good argument for the agitation
in this respect, and if a change is necessary
and you so decide, it should be one that will
strike a more responsive chord from the rank and
file, who after all are the ones to be considered
in all the legislation we have in mind.
It would appear to your president that it might
be well to consider, in the event a change is desired,
the feasibility of selecting a small number
of capable men who will properly represent our
great membership in the vital problems that must
be determined by the governing power of our organization
during the interim of conventions, the
districts as now constituted to be grouped geographically,
and each man to represent a certain
territory. If any complaint were of such prime
importance, the president could, as he does now,
designate a committee of members of the Executive
Board to assist in determining matters of
import.
f would suggest that the districts be grouped as
follows:
The three anthracite districts, Division No. 1.
Central and Western Pennsylvania, Division
No. 2.
Ohio, Michigar and West Virginia, Division
No. 3.
Iowa, Indiana (block and bituminous) and Illinois,
Division No. 4.
Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas,
Division No. 5.
Colorado, Montana, Wyoming and Washington,
Division No. 6.
Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama. Division
No. 7.
British Columbia. Vancouver Island and Nova
Scotia, Division No. 8.
The membership in each division to
ELECT THEIR OWN REPRESENTATIVE,
who shall serve for a period of two years, the
elections to be conducted by the International organization,
and these eight men, together with
the International officials, to constitute the International
Executive Board.
The grouping of the districts in this manner is
only for the purpose of reducing the number of
representatives on the International Executive
Board, and shall in no way affect the present
boundary lines of the districts.
The International organization assisted the officers
and membership of District No. 21 in repealing
Section IS of the Mining Laws adopted by the
recent legislature of Oklahoma. Had this section
been allowed to remain in the mining laws
it would have been instrumental in destroying
the coal trade industry of Oklahoma and would
have prevented the mine workers from negotiating
a contract. In the opinion of the well informed,
it was the first step of the operators of
this state to destroy the run-of-mine system. The
section itself was impossible of fulfillment from
the viewpoint of the practical miner, and the only
course open to use was to repeal the measure.
The International union assisted the district
by furnishing men to deliver addresses during this
campaign, and the district spent considerable
money in presenting the issues to the people. I
am glad to say that by a vote of nearly four to
one this
SECTION WAS REPEALED,
and the people of Oklahoma are to be congratulated
upon their discriminating use of the recall.
it proves the oft repeated statement that. "It is
always safe to trust the people."
At that convention (Seattle meeting American
Federation of Labor 1 former President John Mitchell
retired lrom the second vice presidency, an
office which he had filled for many years with signal
ability, and at the earnest solicitation of my
friends I consented to be a candidate for the position
made vacant by Mr. Mitchell. There developed
some opposition to my ambitions in this respect,
and intimation was made that if I were
elected to the office of second vice president it
might cause internal dissension in the Federation.
However, I was unanimously chosen seventh
vice president. Believing that the United
-Mine Workers' organization was entitled to the
recognition it had long enjoyed on the council
of the A. F. of L, and after weighing the matter
carefully. 1 decided not to accept the position of
seventh vice president.
This is brought to your attention merely for the
purpose of informing you of my action. My decision
in the matter will in no way lessen my interest
in the American labor movement, and I
shall be found doing all in my power to promote
its success.
It is a pleasure to report that our relations with
the Western Federation of Miners have been very
cordial. That organization, like our own, has
had its share of industrial conflicts recently, and
is now engaged in a momentous struggle in the
copper region of Michigan. We have co-operated
with the officers of the Federation in this strike
in every way we could. I earnestly hope our
co-workers in this struggle will secure the vie-

tory they so justly deserve, and it will be our purpost
to co-operate in every way we can to bring
about this much desired result.
In my address to the twenty-third annual con
vention, I impressed upon tbe delegates most forcibly
the need of fulfilling
OUU CONTRACT OBLIGATIONS.
The success of our movement depends largely, if
not wholly upon a rigid enforcement of all contracts
that have been legally entered into. One
of the worst evils with which our organization
has to contend, ancl one that brings sharp criticism,
is the local and unauthorized strike. Such
strikes have occurred on numerous tocicasjons,
sometimes in opposition to all that the district
officials could do to prevent them.
If our organization is to continue to merit the
confidence and esteem of the general public, those
intrusted with authority in every branch of our
union must not hesitate to see that violations of
contract are not tolerated.
It is sometimes argued by those who indulge in
these unwarranted practices that their course is
justifiable, because some friction exists between
the local union and the management of the mines,
and they think their grievances are not adjusted
as promptly as they should be. and in many instances,
failing to* receive all that they are contending
for, they feel they are justified in ignoring
the constituted authorities in their organization
and take matters into their own hands to force
settlements. Such actions are open, flagrant violations
of contract, as well as of the laws of our
union. I have never hesitated upon request of
the district officials to give them full authority
to revoke the charters ol local unions acting as
above described, but steps should be taken to prevent
so far as possible these unauthorized local
strikes.
Under our law and agreement, the local unions
are
NOT CLOTHED WITH SUCH AUTHORITY
and legislation should be enacted to prevent them
from exercising it.
To my official colleagues and members of tlie
International Executive Board, I wish to express
my sincere appreciation of the support they have
given me in conducting the affairs of the International
union. Our relations have been cordial,
and there has been no serious friction in our official
household. The organizers are under the
jurisdiction of the vice president, and have performed
good work in the face of great obstacles.
I sincerely appreciate the loyal and valued cooperation
of Vice President Hayes. He has done
splendid work in West Virginia, Colorado and elsewhere
and is entitled to your highest commenda
tion.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
I wish to commend Board Member Haggerty for
the splendid manner in which he conducted the
affairs of our organization in West Virginia during
tbe period of strikes and negotiations. He
has rendered great service to our movement, which
1 know will be appreciated by tbe membership.
We are greatly indebted to Mother Jones for her
work in the unorganized fields, and especially in
West Virginia, where she, more than any other
individual, succeeded in arousing the mine workers
to their true sense of duty. She has been
subjected to severe criticism, censure and abuse,
but. despite what ner critics may say she has performed
a wonderful work in the interest of the
American labor movement.
By direction of the twenty-third annual convention,
we were authorized to appoint
A SPECIAL COMMITTEE
to inquire into the charges that had been made
with reference to procuring delegates to the Columbus
convention. The committee was appointed
at the close of the convention, and consists of
Frank Farrington, District No. 12; Jas. F. Moran,
District No. 13; E. T. Fitzgibbon, District No. 14,
and William Diamond, District No. 24. The committee
has completed its investigation and if this
convention deems it expedient is ready to report
its findings.
In conformity with past custom our scale committee
will be required to give thoughtful consideration
to the demands that will be presented
to the operators. I am most seriously impressed
with the responsibilities that devolve upon us
and I hope the committee when giving expression
to tbe convention's demands will have weighed
carefully every phase of the question affecting the
mining industry, as well as the welfare and happiness
of those we represent. We should most
earnestly strive for such advances in wages and
improvements in working conditions as the situation
might seem to warrant. We should remember
that
THIS IS A BASIC CONVENTION
and not one where local conditions are to be considered.
By referring to the records of previous
conventions, we find that numerous resolutions
dealing with matters that should have been settled
in the districts were discussed. You will
greatly expedite the work of this convention if
you will refrain from burdening the proceedings
with matters that cannot be disposed of here.
I favor the policy adopted in 1912 for the consideration
and ratification of wage agreements.
If it is desired, I shall be glad to assist the scale
committee in any way I can.
I have given you an exhaustive and detailed
review of the main and principal events that have
transpired within the organization during the

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
past two years. No like period in our history has
been filled with greater results, and while some
may complain, I am constrained to believe that
when we weigh all the circumstances, we have ample
grounds for congratulating ourselves.
Three years ago when I first took charge of
the office of president, tlie affairs of our union
were not so encouraging. My administration inherited
a bankrupt treasury, dual organizations,
dissension and internecine strife; burdensome assessments
and strikes of long standing were in
effect which, together with the depression in the
coal industry, had a deterrent influence on our
movement. In the light of recent events there is
not much to console those who predicted the destruction
of our movement and the dire consequences
that would befall the mine workers of the
country, for instead of dissolution and decay we
have the most militant organization of labor in the
world.
The dual movements have been eliminated,
our. UNION is SOLVENT;
it has clothed, fed and housed the strikers and
their families; protected men against oppression;
secured the highest niining rate in its history
without the aid of a serious strike; the interstate
joint movement has been rehabilitated, and more
than 125,000 new members have been added, all
of which should be gratifying to every true friend
of the trades union movement.
While I feel well repaid for my effort and am
pleased with the success of my administration, I
am not satisfied that we should rest from our
labors. We must press on with unabated vigor
until the light of our movement penetrates the
darkness that enshrouds the unorganized fields.
We have spent money, but we have achieved
results, and to the strong organized districts we
must look for the success of the unorganized
fields. The unrest was never more pronounced.
In fact, 1913 was a year of great awakening to the
masses. The great strikes in the various lines
of industry; the actions of the courts, etc., have
only tended to strengthen the labor movement.
Personally I have no complaints to make and
no apologies to offer. I am prepared to give a
strict account of my official acts and fear no investigation
in connection therewith.
New Pittsburgh Price Card.
The New Pittsburgh Coal Co. has issued a newprice
card, effective Jan. 15, as follows:
Genuine thick vein Hocking coal, f. o. b. mines
per ton of 2,000 pounds: Domestic lump, $1.50;
%-inch screened lump, $1.35; run-of-mine, $1.15.
Coal in box cars, 10 cents per ton additional.
Mr. Joseph Underwood, Sr., aged 80, died at his
home in Roscoe, Pa., Jan. IS, after an illness of
one week from pneumonia. He was a native of
England and was one of the pioneer coal men of
the Monongahela river valley, owning and operating
mines until 1900 when he sold his interest to
the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke
Co. At the time of his death he was a heavy
stockholder in the Crescent Coal Co. He is survived
by his widow and five children.
Mr. E. E. Shumway, aged 51, president and general
manager of the Rocky Mountain Fuel Co.,
died recently from the effects of poisonous gases
inhaled in rescue work which resulted from the
explosion in the Vulcan mine at New Castle, Col.,
Dec. 17. Upon his return to Denver from the
mine he was confined to his bed and the slow poisoning
of the system continued in spite of medical
aid.
Mr. D. D. Shumway, vice president and treasurer
of the Springfield Coal Mining Co., Springfield,
111., and one of the best known coal men in the
state, died Jan. 20, following a stroke of apoplexy,
while at his office. He was born in Zanesville,
O., Dec. 19, 1845. Surviving he leaves a wife and
three sons.
Mr. Edward L. Monser, president of the Wenona
Coal Co., Wenona, 111., died recently, aged 71 years.
For more than 35 years Mr. Monser had been a
prominent coal producer in Northern Illinois.
Mr. Michael J. Gallagher, general manager and
secretary of the Card & Prosser Coal Co., Cleveland,
died Jan. 16.
Catalogue No. 55, just issued by the Morgan-
Gardner Electric Co., Chicago, 111., is descriptive
of its continuous cutting coal mining machine,
type S. A., for room and pillar mines and short
wall work, and shows the different classes of
machines of this type. It also outlines the construction
of the machines and shows partial details
of its construction.
Bulletin D 224 of the Deane Steam Pump Co.,
New York, is descriptive of the company's Horizontal
Double-acting Single Cylinder Power Pumps,
a highly efficient modern type of power pumping
machinery especially designed to meet fully the
requirements of isolated plant service.
The O-B Bulletin for December is just out. As
is usual with this publication this latest number
is filled with interesting matter relative to the
product of the Ohio Brass Co., Mansfield, O.

Proceedings of Twenty-Fourth Consecutive and First
Biennial Convention of The U. M. W. of A.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 24)
ITS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
and privileges, the same as before. This convention
is no exception to those that preceded it. and can
say with propriety who shall and who shall not
sit in this convention as delegates.
Delegate McDonald—What I want is a direct
answer.
President White—The chair would not want to
go on record saying this convention is going to
violate the constitution in seating delegates in
light of some of the explanations that have been
made. If the convention adopts the rule provided
for in the committee's report it will be time
enough to chastise the organizations if they fail
to carry its mandates.
The motion to adopt the report of the committee
was carried.
A resolution pledging financial and moral assistance
to striking machinists of the Goodman
Manufacturing Co. of Chicago, was recommended
by the committee. The resolution was adopted.
The committee recommended non-concurrence
in a resolution for the relief of "strap hangers"
and after considerable debate it was sent back to
the committee with instructions to bring in a favorable
report.
A resolution submitted by local No. 586, Huntington,
Ark., favoring the enactment of a federal
mining law, was recommended by the committee.
The resolution also authorized the creation
of a committee, appointed by the national officers,
to prepare such a law.
Delegate Savage. District 6—I wish to amend
the committee's report. I move, as an amendment,
that the report be adopted and that the national
bill be presented to the legislatures of the
different coal mining states for passage. I mean
by that amendment that if the committee is appointed
they can work with the National Bureau
of Mines in drafting a bill. When the bill is in
the proper form and introduced into Congress, if
Congress passes or fails to pass it.
THE SAME BILL
can be introduced in all the legislatures in the
coal mining states of this country. If we do that,
and the national government is back of it, I believe
it will tend to get a national law in every
state in the Union.
The amendment offered by Delegate Savage was
seconded and carried and the report of the committee
was adopted as amended.
Resolutions providing for a printing plant and
a building to be owned by the organization were
presented by 40 locals and the committee recommended
this one from High Bridge, la :
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
"Whereas, in the auditors' report we read ol so
vast an expenditure of money for printing, rent,
etc.; and,
"Whereas, we are of the opinion that an organization
owning a building for office purposes and
printing plant would not only reflect good management
of the organization, but would also mean,
in the long run, a big saving of money; therefore,
be it
"Resolved, that after the various strikes conducted
by the organization at the present time arc
terminated, the assessment of fifty (50) cents per
member a month be continued until the sum of
$500,000 has been derived from it, to be known as
the Building and Printing Plant Fund, and the
International Executive Board be instructed to
act as a Building and Printing Plant Committee,
whose duty shall be to look for a suitable city
wherein to erect said building and printing plant,
and commence the work on same as soon as the
funds are available."
After considerable debate it was sent back to
the membership for a referendum vote.
Secretary Gay—Resolutions Nos. 94, 215, 290
and 450 all bear on the same subject, the question
of industrial organization, and the committee recommends
the follow-ing substitute:
"Resolved, that upon the question of organization
along industrial lines, we re-affirm our position
of two years ago, to the effect that we recommend
that it is the sense of this convention that
the method of organization by industry instead of
by craft, be inaugurated whenever and wherever
possible, and our representatives to the American
Federation convention instructed to use every
endeavor to bring this about, and we further recommend
that the representatives of the international
and district
BRANCHES OE OUR ORGANIZATION
visit the different labor conventions whenever possible
and use every endeavor to mold sentiment
along these lines, and we furthermore recommend
that the International Executive Board be instructed
to try and reach a working agreement
between the different affiliated unions and our organization
along the lines of that advocated by
our delegates in the Rochester convention of the
A. F. of L. and we furthermore recommend that
the board endeavor to reach a similar agreement
with the different railroad unions to the end that
instead of working to the detriment of each other,
as has been the case heretofore, we can help and
protect each others' interests in times of strike."
Adopted.
When the convention opened for its sessions
Jan. 22, the first action was instituted by President
White:
President White—I want to bring to this con-

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
vention a very important matter. It seems as
the days go by the tyranny and brutal practices
of the interests that are opposing the United Mine
Workers' advance get more acute, they are grow­
ing worse. This seems to be the climax of their
bitter opposition to our cause. We have here on
the stage this morning a young man from the
coal mines of Maryland. We have been quietly
organizing the Maryland field for the past few
months, and it seems as though these operators or
their paid hirelings wanted to formulate some
plan by which they could take advantage of the
membership of these local unons and in some way
destroy the spirit of the men toward our organization.
Somebody was good enough—some of
those contemptible agents of the coal companies—
to forge a telegram in this city in the name of
William Ford and send it to the man who had
charge of the work in his absence. He was asked
to come to Indianapolis by way of the B. & O.
railway and bring the seal and records of the local
unions, that his presence was needed here. Without
further ceremony this young man proceeded
to carry out the supposed instructions of Delegate
Ford, boarded the B. & o. train designated in
the message, and while en route was brutally assaulted
on the train and the records of (his organization
taken from him. If there is any way
in which we can start an
INVESTIGATION INTO THIS
through the Department of Justice in Washington)
or any other department that is supposed to represent
free government, this organization wants to
make as emphatic a protest as possible. The telegram
leads:
"Indianapolis, lnd.. Jan. 19, 1914.
"William Rhodda, care C. A. Lapp:
"Come to Indianapolis tonight, Monday, on
B. & O. No. 1, by Cincinnati. Bring seal and
record books. Must have them. Will meet you
on arrival here.
"W. F. FORD."
Delegate Ford made a brief statement ol' the
work that was being done in Maryland. He
stated that the local union had been organized
in secret, that but one man was taken in at a time,
that dues were collected wherever the men could
be found and that the work had been going on successfully.
He referred to the manner in which
those interested in tbe local union were followed
by guards and threatened. In concluding be
stated that if the International was in a position
to go into the Maryland field and take issue with
the operators, every man in the state of Maryland
would come into the organization.
William J. Rhodda stated that after the departure
of Delegate Ford for Indianapolis he had been
discharged from his position in the mines because
of his interest in the organization; that he re­
ceived the telegram and immediately started for
Indianapolis, and while on the train was attacked
by two men. beaten, and the records and seal of
the organization taken from him by force.
Delegate Gibson—I move that the Committee on
Resolutions prepare a resolution protesting against
the assault on this brother, demanding an investigation,
and present it to the proper authorities.
(Seconded and carried).
The Committee on Resolutions offered the following
on "government ownership of mines," as a
substitute for various resolutions:
"Whereas, coai is the basic commodity of mod­
ern industry, tbe whole superstructure of our
present industrial and social civilization being dependent
upon its production and use; and,
"Whereas, the ownership and control of this
commodity so indispensable to our
SOCIAL LIFE
is in the hands of private individuals, vesting them
with a power over the industry of the nation, that
is a menace to society; as evidence the br.tality
and arrogance of these coal kings when their sway
is challenged by our organization in the non union
fields of the nation; and,
••Whereas, an investigation by the United States
Senate of the conditions actually existing under
this industrial despotism, has resulted in Senator
Martine of New Jersey, a member of the Senate
Committee, making a public declaration to the
effect that the government should take over the
mines and own and operate them in the name of
the people of the nation; therefore, be it
"Resolved, that this convention declare in favor
of government ownership and democratic management
of all public utilities and particularly of the
nationalization of the coal mines; and, be it further
"Resolved, that we pledge our entire support to
Senator Martine and all other advocates of this
principle, in their effo:ts to bring about a consummation
of this desired end."
Adopted.
The "strap hangers" resolution was again reported,
this time favorably and adopted.
Resolution No. 96, this convention instruct
its Scale Committee to enter into no agreements
whereby a sub-district has not the right to better
the working conditions of its members," was negatively
recommended.
President White—The Scale Committee made a
report two years ago. The policy committee that
was created by the convention approved of that
report, subject to a referendum vote of the entire
membership in the bituminous field. The rank
and file ratified that agreement, and subsequent
agreements made in conformity with that basic

agreement, so far as I know, were ratified by the
various districts. The rank and file approved
of those settlements in the manner and way they
were submitted to them.
Referred to Scale Committee, as was resolution
98 in reference to placing cars and props.
Resolution 107 relative to a national old age
pension law was adopted.
Resolution No. 119 demanding that Congress
appropriate the amount asked for by the Secretary
of the Interior for the Bureau of Mines, was
adopted by the convention.
The resolution presented by the High Bridge,
la., local relative to political action, was reported
favorably by the committee.
SOME DISCUSSION
was had and then the committee read the following
substitute, which was adopted just previous
to adjournment for the day:
"In view of the present economic conditions
surrounding our own and other industries, and
especially the machinations of the judicial and
political powers that have been employed against
us in Alabama, West Virginia, Colorado, the Irwin
field, on Vancouver Island and elsewhere, we believe
that the time has arrived when it is just as
necessary for the workers of this country and
Canada to unite into a working class organization
on the political field as on the industrial field."
President White on opening the sessions of
Jan. 23 read several telegrams relative to tbe
Colorado strike question.
Resolution No. 151 had a non-concurrence recommendation
from the commitree. ft read:
"Whereas, our officers not having worked in the
mine for a few years, do not know the working
conditions like the men at the face of the coal;
therefore, be it
"Resolved, that we, the members of Local Union
2571, District 5, Pennsylvania, demand that hereafter
the majority of men on our scale committee
be made up of men who are working in the mine,
and shall be elected from the floor of the convention."
Delegate Helm, District 25—I move as a substitute
for the w*hole that hereafter the delegates
of each district meet in caucus and elect its own
member of the Scale Committee. (Seconded).
Carried.
A resolution requiring all locals to establish
co-operative stores and a substitute that the question
be discussed by the locals were sent back to
the committee.
A resolution from Superior, Wyo., directing the
International Executive Board to endeavor to obtain
additional foreign-speaking organizers was
adopted.
The Credentials Committee made its final re­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
port, in the contested seats and recommended the
seating of Delegates Martine, District 29; Briggs,
District 12; Cooper, District 23; John Williams,
District 5; D. V. Sims and Ritchie, District 11;
Coleman, District 13; and that Steve Williams,
District 5, be awarded the entire
VOTE OF HIS LOCAL.
While this report was being discussed, Delegate
McGuire, Local 2810, stated that he was positive
one of the locals reported fiom West Virginia was
not composed of mine workeis, but of Baldwin employes.
Delegate Donaldson, of the committee, stated
that the Committee on Credentials had been suspicious
of the local for the last three years; that
in the previous convention they had made careful
inquiry as to the local, but could obtain no information
upon which to refuse a seat to the delegate.
Delegate Watkins, District 6, International
Board Member, stated that the local was in Poca
hontas and that the delegate who represented it
in the last convention was a Baldwin guard. He
urged that the delegate be not seated and that the
charter be taken from the local. He stated that
it was in an isolated place in the mountains and
no one connected with the organization could go
there with safety to investigate the matter.
Delegate Smith (H.E.), District 6, moved, as
an amendment to the motion, to adopt tbe report
of the committee, that the delegate from Local 979,
District 17, be not seated, and that the international
officials be instructed to take the charter
away. (Seconded and carried).
The motion to adopt the final repo."t of the committee
was adopted as amended.
The convention adopted a resolution calling for
the formation of a national labor party and for
the International Executive Board to endorse such
a movement.
A resolution from Illinois demanding a subdistrict
joint conference was sent to the Scale
Committee.
A resolution pledging the organizaticn to an
extension of organization work on Coal river.
West Virginia, was affirmatively recommended and
adopted.
Resolution No. 209 from Charleroi, Pa., protested
against the use of electricity in mines. The committee
offered this substitute, which was adopted:
Whereas, many lives are sacrificed because of
the indiscriminate and careless
USE OF ELECTRICITY
in coal mines and the neglect to provide safeguards
for naked cables; therefore, be it
Resolved, that we instruct our officials, national
and district, to use every power to have legislation
enacted that will prohibit the use of electricity in
mines wherever its use menaces the lives of men,

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and that wherever charged cables are allowed safeguards
be erected to reduce to a minimum the
danger of men coming in contact with them.
The resolution requiring carpenters working
about the mines to transfer their membership from
the carpenters union to the Mine Workers was
adopted.
Resolution No. 242 asked the convention to vote
against the organization doing business with the
operators through the operators' commissioners
because it was detrimental to the Mine Workers
and because the operators' commissioners were
usually chosen from among the most efficient officials
of the Mine Workers, and because of the delay
in settling grievances in this way, met with
this recommendation from the committee:
In view of the fact that questions of this kind
come within the jurisdiction of the different districts
of the organization, the action of the committee
is to recommend that this matter be referred
to the various districts for action. Adopted.
A resolution calling for the consolidation of the
Mine Workers and the Western Federation of Miners
was favored by the committee, but action was
deferred.
The committee recommended non-concurrence
in a resolution favoring the Bacon-Bartlett antitrust
bills and the convention adopted its recommendation.
A resolution asking the state legislatures to
make the state mine inspectors and district state
mine inspectors elective by the miners instead of
appointive, was referred to the different districts
for action on recommendation of the committee.
At the opening of the sessions of Jan. 24 the
committee made a favorable recommendation on
the following resolution:
"Resolved, that we favor a shorter workday and
that the hours of labor be cut down until all surplus
labor is fully employed.
"Resolved, that we favor the enactment of a lawprohibiting
emigration from any and all countries
until all surplus labor is fully employed.
"Resolved, that we favor the enactment of a law
comeplling all
CORPORATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS
who employ labor by'contract or agreement, bo print
all contracts, agreements or precautionary instructions
against dangers of any kind, whereby the
lives or limbs of persons are endangered, in the
languages of the different nationalities whom they
employ.
"Resolved, that we favor the enactment of a law
compelling employes to pass an examination foi
competency as to their qualifications as a competent
miner before they be allowed to work in any
coal mine, and that certificates of competency be
granted to them if they are qualified."
It was adopted.
Resolution Nc. 493 was a lengthy one and the
committee recommended concurrence in this part
of it:
"That we demand a national law making it compulsory
for all persons working in or around mines
to pass such examinations as will prove them to
have sufficient knowledge of the duties required
of them as is necessary for the safety of themselves
and others whose welfare depends in any
way on the proper performance of their duties,"
and the convention adopted the committee's recommendation.
For another section of the resolution it offered
the following substitute, which was adopted:
"That we favor and ask the enactment of a law
for the establishment of free labor employment
agencies, owned and controlled by the different
municipalities and the elimination of private labor
agencies, and recommended that each district use
its endeavors to bring the same about."
Delegate Duncan McDonald offered a resolution
calling attention to f he fact that the United States
navy used coal mined by non-union miners, and
directing the International officers to take up the
matter with the government and seek to have this
changed so that the fuel would be supplied from
mines where the miners worked eight hours a day
and where humane conditions obtained. The
resolution was adopted on the committee's favorable
recommendation.
The convention refused to adopt a resolution
introduced by Duncan McDonald calling for a general
strike in case of international war.
The grievance committee reported it had no
jurisdiction in a complaint
AGAINST FINES IMPOSED
in Iowa and referred an election grievance from
Wyoming back to that district.
The first business before the convention on Jan.
26 was the report of the committee on officers'
reports. In the report of President White the
interstate joint movement, the stiikes, organization
campaigns and violations of contracts are
especially treated of and commended. The vice
president's and secretary-treasurer's reports also
were commended and the committee recommended
the approval of all three, which was done.
President Moyer of the Western Federation of
Miners addressed the convention and hurled
charges at the officials of the American Federation
of Labor.
Delegate Farrington of Illinois, because of these
and other charges, moved that the secretary be
instructed to notify President Gompers of the nature
of the charges that have been made against
the executive council and extend to him an invitation
to appear before this convention in defense

of the action of the executive council of the American
Federation of Labor. The motion was seconded
and carried by a unanimous vote.
The committee on resolutions offered a lengthyone
on the initiative, referendum and recall, and it
was adopted.
Five resolutions relative to alleged opposition
of operators and state and government authorities
to the organization and its activities were
bunched and the committee offered a substitute
condemnatory of operators, state authorities, juries
and government authorities, which was adopted.
The grievance committee recommended adoption
of a resolution providing that the Mine Workers
exercise jurisdiction over all employes at stripping
operations, including steam shovel men.
Adopted.
President White when calling the convention to
order Jan. 27 notified it that President Gompers
of the American Federation of Labor would be at
the convention, and then the delegates to the
World's Mining congress made their report.
The co-operative store movement again came to
the front in resolution No. 163 and the committee
offered the following substitute, which was
adopted:
"We recommend that the question of establishing
co-operative stores be taken up for consideration
by the different district conventions with a
view to encouraging the principle of co-operation
and of educating our members to its benefits so
that the way may be paved for the consideration
of establishing such a national co-operative movement
by the next convention of our organization."
Consolidation with the Western Federation of
Miners was again taken up and the committee
offered this substitute resolution, which the convention
adopted:
"Committee recommends that the International
Executive Board select a committee to meet with
a similar committee from the Executive Board of
the Western Federation of Miners for the purpose
of discussing the
QUESTION OF CONSOLIDATION
of the two organizations, and if the two boards
can mutually agree upon a plan for such consolidation.
"We recommend that the matter be referred to
the referendum vote of the members of both organizations
for approval or rejection.
"And in any event the Executive Board will report
their action upon this matter to the next biennial
convention."
Another resolution on which action had been
deferred was the one relative to the Dillingham-
Burnett immigration bills and the committee here
brought in a substitute which, after reciting conditions,
said:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
Resolved, that in view of existing economic conditions,
we favor something being done to restrict
immigration and recommend that the International
Executive Board act in conjunction with
the Legislative Committee in support of a measure
of this kind.
Adopted.
The Constitution Committee then leported and
the first change attempted was to make the district
presidents the members of the International Executive
Board, this change being offered as an amendment
to Article 7, but the committee recommended
non-concurrence in the change and the convention
sustained it.
Article IX, Section 10, was taken up and the
committee recommended striking out the word
"and" after the word "year" in line 7, and adding
after the word "unions" in line 8 the words,
"and perform such other duties as are hereinafter
provided." This precipitated considerable
debate and was voted down by the convention.
When the convention assembled Jan. 28, President
White stated that he regretted the confusion
on the floor during the reports of the committees,
as it was costing the miners of the country an
enormous amount to carry on the convention and
the delegates should make an effort to assist the
chair in expediting* matters. He stated that all
delegates would be treated alike and be recognized
in turn as long as the convention allowed discussion
to continue on any subject.
The question of amending Article IX w-as before
the convention, having been carried over fiom
tbe previous day. Resolution No. 9 providing
for the election of all
ORGANIZERS, AUDITORS, EDITOR
and every official by direct vote by the membership,
was interjected into the debate, and the committee
recommended non-concurrence. Motions
to amend were made and declared out of order and
the debate became spirited. President White
took the floor, and asked Delegate Houston, president
of District 11, if he had been bothered by
any organizers in District 11 during the present
administration. Delegate Houston answered that
he had not. President White asked further if
any organizers had been sent to the district without
the knowledge and consent or request of the
district president. Delegate Houston stated that
none had been sent without his knowledge or consent
or without being requested.
President White asked further if any man in
the conventton from any district knew that he
had ever instructed his organizers to interfere in
any district election. No answers were given
except in the negative. President White discussed
the question at some length.
A viva voce vote was taken. The chairman

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
stated the motion to adopt the report of the committee
seemed to be carried. A roll call was
asked for by a number of delegates.
The chairman asked that all delegates who desired
a roll call stand and be counted. A count
was made by the usual tellers and the announcement
made that 250 delegates had asked for the
roll call.
President White—Under the rules of the house
it takes 300 to demand a roll call.
Delegate Bittner. secretary of the committee—
The committee recommends that Section 32 of
Article IX be amended by striking out the words
"cause their report to be printed in the official
Journal" on lines 3 and 4, and insert "make a
report of receipts and disbursements and the
secretary-treasurer shall have their reports printed
and a copy be sent to each local union." Adopted.
Delegate Bittner—The committee will report on
each part of Section 1, Article X. The committee
recommends that this section be changed to
read as follows: "The salary of the president shall
be $4,000 per annum."
Delegate Howat, president District No. 14, in
the chair.
Lengthy debate was had on the question, and a
resolution to decrease the salary was brought forward
in the discussion.
Delegate Helm, District 5, opposed the request
made in resolution that the salary of the president
be decreased.
A viva voce vote was taken on the motion to
adopt the report of the committee to
INCREASE THE SALARY
of the president to $4,000 per annum. The
chairman stated he was in doubt and asked for a
rising vote. A rising vote was had on both the
affirmative and the negative. The chair stated
he was still in doubt and asked for a count.
A rising vote was taken, the usual tellers counted
the vote, and the announcement was made that
534 votes had been cast in the affirmative and 513
in the negative.
Chairman Howat—By your vote you have raised
the salary of the president to $4,000.
A number of delegates asked for a roll call.
Chairman Howat asked that every one be seated,
that order be maintained, and if 300 or more delegates
asked for a roll call it would be granted,
as provided in the rules of the convention.
A rising vote was taken on the question of the
roll call, and the chairman stated he was satisfied
that more than 300 delegates were in favor of
calling the roll.
Chairman Howat suggested that the roll be
called during the afternoon session, as it was nearing
the hour for adjournment.
The afternoon session was opened with Chairman
Howat presiding.
Delegate Houston District 11—Mr. Chairman
and Delegates: Recognizing the fact that there is
nothing before the house except the roll call, but
realizing the tremendous expense that is attached
thereto, I move you that this entire section of
our constitution be resubmitted to the Committee
on Constitution, wih the hope that they may bring
in a more favorable report. (Seconded).
Delegate Wallis, District 14, spoke in favor of
the motion if it could be amended to include referring
back to the committee the section dealing
with the appointment of traveling auditors.
Chairman Farrington, of the committee, spoke
in favor of the motion offered by Delegate Houston.
After a brief discussion and much disorder the
motion offered by Delegate Houston was laid upon
the table.
The International auditors proceeded with the
roll call. The roll call not being completed at
5 o'clock, an adjournment was taken to 9, Jan, 29.
The roll call was not completed until 11 a. m..
Jan. 29, and it was late in the afternoon when
the tellers announced the
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE
increasing the president's salary had been adopted
by a vote of 1,756 ayes to 1,694 noes.
Vice President Hayes announced the adoption
of the Ohio mine-run bill by the senate of that
state and in response to a request for a statement
Secretary Green said:
"I have nothing further to add to what Vice-
President Hayes has already said, except to say
that my absence from this convention for the last
two or three days has been for the purpose ot
fighting for the miners of Ohio on the floor of the
Ohio legislature for a mine-run bill. I am glad
to say that yesterday afternoon, after a most
heated debate and a hard fight by those who were
opposed to this measure, the bill was adopted by a
vote of 22 to 6. The bill has been messaged to
the other branch of the general assembly today,
and I am confident, and will stake my reputation
as a prophet whose prophecies always come true,
that this bill will pass the lower branch just as
decisively as it passed the upper branch: and
when it is passed the governor of Ohio will sign
the bill. And so with the passage of this measure
one great principle that the hoary-headed United
Mine Workers of Ohio have been battling for for
25 years will become a realization."
In the meantime resolutions changing the time
of holding the elections of officers were under consideration
and one providing for the elections in
the second week of December, instead of the second
Tuesday in December, brought out considerable
debate, and resulted in a verbal clash between
President Bitner and Delegate Robinson of
District 5. But the effort to effect a change was
lost.

President Gompers of the American Federation
of Labor was before the convention to defend the
administration of that body. He denied the
charges that the Federation is "reactionary, fossilized
and dead," and also denied the Federation
had placed obstacles in the path of industrial
unionism, but on the contrary, he said, had encouraged
it wherever possible, and had urged he
amalgamation of kindred trades.
"You may not know," continued Mr. Gompers,
"that the miners only pay 9 cents a year to the
American Federation of Labor. That is all the
other organizations affiliated with the Federation
pay also. Do you think we can accumulate a
large defense fund on that tax?
"Mr. Moyer says the strike costs about $30,000
a week. The Federation could raise only $90,000
in six months if every organization were to pay.
An assessment would mean the disintegration oi
the American Federation of Labor, for the constitution
provides for the expulsion of any union
which does not meet its assesments and only about
one-third of the unions can pay."
The se-ssions of Jan 30 were taken up largely
with a continuation of the defense of the American
Federation of Labor by President Gompers.
and there was much disorder during an exchange
of amenities between the head of the Federation
on one side and Delegate McDonald and President
Moyer of the Western Federation on the other.
The real business was the report of the committee
relative to changing the constitution to decrease
the number of delegates to the conventions
hereaftei. The change provides for the election
of one delegate for each 1,000 members, with no
delegate having more than one vote, the plan of
election to be arranged by the different districts.
The same amendment provides that no district
president, vice president, secretary or executive
board member or international organizer shall be
a delegate from the districts, but they shall be
delegates-rtt-large, without right to vote in the convention.
The delegates voted to submit the proposition
to a referendum vote.
The proposal to change the constitution so as
to prevent members of the militia from affiliating
with the miners' organizations where they otherwise
were eligible was voted down.
The coal production of British Columbia in 1913
is estimated at 2,135,980 long tons, as compared
with 2,628,804 tons in 1912, according to a report
from Consul A, E. Smith, of Victoria, B. C. The
value of this coai was $7,475,930 as compared with
$9,200,S14 for the 1912 product The coke production
is estimated at 285.000 tons, valued at
$1,710,000, compared with a tonnage of 264,333
valued at $1,585,998 in 1912.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
CONVENTION TRANSPORTATION
COST IS $30,104.95
The committee on transportation of the miners'
convention made its report showing the strength
of the convention, the votes and the number of
locals represented. This was:
•— (M _
O cr. O —•
Secretary. u !_ -_ g •„ _;
•2* M -2 - -° o
2 5 ? 3 = o_
2 Q Y. J 2 o
1 John Mack 95 S4 305
2 Richard Gilbert 92 91 272
5 Robert Wood 151 133 3S3
6 G. W. Savage 171 192 371
7 John Yourishin 49 52 124
8 Edney Buck 5 19 2l
9 Jas. J. Mc-Andrews. . . . IIS 111 312
10 Martin J. Flyzik 13 13 313
11 Charley Fox 94 95 1S7
12 Duncan McDonald 293 254 724
13 John Gay 60 60 142
14 Francis McDonald .... 55 63 93
15 E. L. Doyle 32 39 54
16 Wm. J. Ford 1 4 3
17 J. M. Craigo 56 69 73
IS A. J. Carter 8 7 28
19 Thos. M. Gann 5 7 10
20 J. R. Kennamer 3 3 3
21 F. XV. Holt 62 67 128
22 James Morgan 31 31 76
23 H. H. Vincent 32 34 52
24 Roger Kirk 12 13 21
25 George Hepple 25 29 71
26 James D. McLenman.. 2 2 2
27 Adam Wilkinson 11 12 32
28 Geo. Pettigrew 5 6 21
29 M. B. Coulter 30 59 55
Totals 1,511 1,548 3,601
The total cost for these delegates in transportation
charges was $30,104.95.
Dist. No.
Illinois Delegates Named.
The Illinois Coal Operators' association has selected
as delegates to the Philadelphia conference
with the miners, Feb. 3: E. T. Bent, J. K. Dering,
Silas Shafer, S. W. Eldred, W. J. Spencer and
W. J. Schmick, one from each district. Alternates
also have been selected and in addition the
executive committee of the association will be represented.
The operators' association in the Fifth
and Ninth Illinois districts will select two delegates.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
COAL PRODUCTION OF IOWA FOR FISCAL
YEAR ENDING WITH JANUARY 31, 1913.
FIRST DISTRICT.
W. E. Holland, Mine Inspector, Albia, Iowa.
Tons Average
County. of Coal Number
Produced, of Employes.
Appanoose 1,164,377 3,766
*Monroe (Part) 1,535,136 2,206
Wayne 83,915 245
Lucas 13.25S 37
Taylor 5,820 36
Page 5,200 25
Adams 6,083 30
Total 2.S13.7S9 6,345
SECOND DISTRICT.
R. T. Rhys, Mine Inspector, Ottumwa, Iowa.
*Monroe (Part 1,079,266 2,162
Mahaska 534,517 944
Jasper 294,754 584
Marion 213,070 520
Wapello 190,44S 474
Van Buren 13,006 45
Keokuk 4,624 14
Warren 4,600 12
Jefferson 2,583 16
Davis 840 6
Total 2,337,70S 4,777
*Note that part of Monroe county is in the First
district and part in the Second district. To get
the total tonnage and total employes combine that
given for Monroe county in the two districts.
THIRD DISTRICT.
Edward Sweeney, Mine Inspector, Des Moines, la.
Polk 1,464,300 2,595
Dallas 511,211 914
Boone 219,482 805
Webster 50,800 148
Guthrie 9,467 61
Greene 8,500 36
Scott 500 4
Total 2,264,260 4,563
TOTAL PRODUCTION FOR STATE FOR FISCAL YEAR.
First district 2.S13.789 6,345
Second district 2,337.708 4,777
Third district 2,264,260 4,563
Total 7,415,757 15,685
Coal production of state for 1912.. 6,820,82S tons.
Coal production for slate for 1913.. 7.415,757 tons.
Gain in production for 1913. 594,929 tons.
Number of mines in First district 87
Number of mines in Second district 100
*Number of mines in Third district 63
*Gypsum mines which have recently been added
to the Third district not counted.
Fatal and non-fatal accidents occurring in and
around the mines of Iowa for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1913:
FIRST DISTRICT.
Number fatal accidents 10
Number non-fatal accidents 53
SECONU DISTRICT.
Number fatal accidents 9
Number non-fatal accidents 52
THIRD DISTRICT.
Number fatal accidents 5
Number non-fatal accidents 71
PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
IN 1913 BY DISTRICTS.
TENTH ANTHRACITE.
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Co 1,831,656
Susquehanna Coal Co 1,679.116
West End Coal Co 631,255
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co., Wanamie
colliery 562,151
Alden Coal Co 300,488
E. S. Stackhouse Coal Co 47,089
Total 5,051,755
FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
JAMES J. WALSH, Inspector.
Ellsworth Collieries Co 1,S82,305
Pittsburgh-Westmoreland Coal Co 1.711,465
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 932,740
Star Coal Co 221,863
Ollett Brothers Coal Co 112,171
Carnegie Coal Co 75,595
Total 4,876,139
ALEX. MCCANCH, Inspector.
At the annual meeting of the Pittsburgh Coal
Exchange Captain XV. B. Rodgers was re-elected
president. Other officers elected are: A. B. Shepherd,
vice president; J. Frank Tilley, secretary
and treasurer; W. B. Rodgers, John C. Neff, G. W.
Thomas, J. D. O'Neil, E. Davidson. John W. Hubbard,
Oscar F. Barrett and H. P. McCue. directors;
and W. B. Rodgers, C. C. Bunton, Warren Elsey,
A. H. Stolzenbach, James Moren, J. G. Greegen and
J. Frank Tilley, executive committee.

COAL MINE FATALITIES FOR
MONTH OF NOVEMBER, 1913.
The reports received by the Bureau of Mines
from state mine inspectors show that there were
196 men killed in and about the coal mines in the
United States during November, 1913, as compared
with 1S7 during the same month of 1912.
Kentucky is not included in November, as the
operators are allowed 60 days by law to report
accidents to the state inspector.
An explosion on November 18 at Acton mine No.
2, Acton, Ala., resulted in the death of 24 men.
Fatalities at coal mines during the first 11
months of 1912 and 1913:
1912. 1913.
January 252 214
February 213 200
March 360 194
April *81 278
May 150 199
June 170 1S1
July 193 178
August 211 233
September 175 166
October 203 454
November 187 196
2,195 2,493
The total fatalities during the first 11 months of
1913 were 2,493 as compared with 2,195 for the
same period in 1912, as shown in the accompanying
table. Deducting the 55 fatalities that are
charged to the several states during the first
11 months of 1912, for which there are no comparable
figures for 1913, the figures become 2,493
fatalities for the first 11 months of 1913 and 2,140
fatalities for the corresponding months of 1912.
The actual gain in fatalities during the first 11
months of the year is 353. The principal increases
in fatalities over the corresponding period
of 1912 were as follows, by causes: Falls of roof,
105; gas and dust explosions, 178; mine cars and
locomotives, 38; suffocation from mine gases, 21;
total, 342. These increases are partly offset by
the following reductions: Falls of face or pillar
coal, 40; shaft accidents, 4; mine fires, 7; surface
accidents, 22; total, 73.
"During April. 1012, suspensions pending wage settlements
in many of the leading coal producing states materially
reduced ttie number of men working in tlie mines,
-lnd consequently tin 1 number of fatalities.
Mine Inspector Fletcher W. Cunningham of Somerset,
Pa., made information aaginst A. J. Lowry,
a mine foreman employed by the Lidalia Coal Co.,
operating on White's creek four miles south of
Confluence, Pa., charging violations of the state
mining laws, in not making the mine safe.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
MARYLAND COAL PRODUCTION
BY COMPANIES IN 1912.*
1912.
Consolidation Coal Co 2,162,996
Piedmont & Georges Creek Coal Co 291,445
Georges Creek Coal Co., Inc 243^353
New York Mining Co 221,287
Blaine Mining* Co 4159 42s
Garrett County Coal Mining* Co 114,787
Hamill Coal & Coke Co 11L811
Barton & Georges Creek Valley Coal Co.. 103,284
Davis Coal & Coke Co 94,068
New Central Coal Co 91,301
Potomac Valley Coal Co 90,295
Maryland Coal Co 77,000
Phoenix & Georges Creek Coal Co 60,409
.Maryland Coal & Iron Co 48,060
Union Mining Co 47,892
Chaffee Coal Co 46,458
Bloomington Coal Co 45,522
Sullivan Bros. Coal Co 43,996
Chapman Coal Co 40,000
Patterson Coal Co 38,347
American Coal Co 35,015
Maryland Georges Creek Coal Co 30,900
Midland Mining Co 30,641
Bowery Coal Co 22,703
Moscow- & Georges Creek Coal Co 19,180
Franklin Coal Co 10,243
21 Companies producing less than 10,000
tons each 45,686
Total 4,085,817
*In long tons, from statistics compiled from tbe Annual
Report of State Mine Inspector William Walters.
PASS RUN-OF-MINE BILL.
By a vote of 22 to 6 the Ohio Senate on Jan. 2S
passed the Green anti-screen coal mine bill. The
measure contains a clause permitting the State
Industrial commission to determine how much impure
matter, slate, etc., shall be permitted to go
on the market and gives the commission also the
right to determine the amount of fine coal which
may be included when the miners and operators
do not agree.
Ohio senators passed the anti-screen bill and
instead of fashioning a sword to cut a Gordian
knot, it looks as if their handiwork is going to
be a beautiful and, at the same time, wonderful
boomerang.
Claiming that they did not receive their wages
21 employes of the Hogsett Coal & Coke Co. have
presented a petition to the court in Uniontown,
Pa., asking that receivers be appointed for the concern.

6(i THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
s
NEW ENTERPRISES
Co-Operative Coal Co., Strattanville, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, R. C. Sell, Corsica, Pa.;
Frank Funk. Strattanville, Pa.; Edwin Potter,
Showers, Pa.; Ott Hummell, Strattanville, Pa.;
J. C. Slaten, Strattanville, Pa.; R. R. Underwood,
California, Pa.; T. XV. Aikins. Corsica, Pa.
Claco Mining Co., Poteau, Okla.; capital, $50,-
000; incorporators, J. T. Roland, Hugh Dook, Milton,
Okla.; L. S. Bayrell, Frederick, Okla.; F. L.
Mercer and C. G. Weise, Poteau, and Ed. Hayes,
Witteville, Okla.
Modoc Coal Mining Co., Bramwell, W. Va.; capital.
$100,000; incorporators, J. J. Huddleston, Algoma,
W. Va., and W. H. Thomas, Edward Cooper,
XV. J. Pritchard, J. B. Perry, all of Bramwell, W.
Va.
Mill Creek Cannel Mining Co., Charleston, W.
Va.; capital, $10,000; incorporators, F. M. Wattles,
S. C. Campbell and C. Riggs, of Charleston; J. F.
Hindson and Fred Wattles, of Villa, W. Va.
Lewiston Block Coal Co., Charleston, W. Va.;
capital, $25,o00; incorporators, Asa A. Scarbuery,
W. E. Chandler, L, H. Schwartz, Homer Wiseman
and C. E. Morton, all of Charleston. W. Va.
Eureka Coal & Mineral Co., Lexington, Ky.; capital,
$75,000; incorporators, H. M. Courtney, Winchester,
Ky.; M. T. Kelly, Pineville, Ky.; W. H.
Ronan and O. A. Sears, Lexington.
Biddle Coai & Coke Co., Uniontown, Pa.; capital.
$250,000; incorporators, A. Plumer Austin, John
T. Robinson, John D. Carr, John E. Hess, George
Patterson, of Uniontown.
Elly Coal Corporation, Girard, 111.; capital,
$2.SOO,000; incoiporatois, Henry C. Hamilton and
Charles C. Terry, Girard, 111., and Albeit Salzenstein,
of Springfield, 111.
Mohawk Mining Co., Kittanning", Pa.; capital,
$40,000; incorporators, Nathan L. Strong, Brookville,
Pa.; S. Wallwork, Summerville, Pa.; Charles
H. Feme, Kittanning.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Contricton for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
Kentucky Coal & Iron Co., Nashville, Tenn.;
capital, $100,000; incoriiorators, James Adams, O.
P. Darwin, J. H. McCallum, C. O. Moore and George
M. Price.
Cross Mountain Coal Co., Knoxville, Tenn.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, Sydney McCloud, E. D.
Attix, William Schaad, T. A. Sullivan and J. Harry
Price.
Bixler-Ohio Coal Co., Columbus, O.; capital, $20,-
000; incorporators, R. T. Irwin. J. W. Miller, A.
Roahrig, R. M. Stimmel and D. R. Postlewaite.
American Fuel Co., Pikeville. Ky.; capital, $10,-
OOO: incorporators, C. P. Chatfield, W V. Steele,
W. VV. Reynolds and F. B. Preston.
Connellsville Coal & Mining Co., Connellsville,
Mo.; capital, $10,000; incorporators, C. XV. Evans,
Marion C. Miller and S. F. Shoop.
Cedar Creek Coal Co., Indianapolis, lnd.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, A. V. Grossman, H.
Grossman and C P. Bartlett.
Wolf Valley Coal Co., Chicago, 111.; capital,
$150,000; incorporators, Herbert E. Latter, W. J.
Maloney and Oscar J. Reichard.
Tye-Wheeler Coal Co., Barbourville, Ky.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators. George W. Tye, R. R.
Wheeler and Myrtle Tye.
Champion Coal Co.. Pekin, 111.: capital, $20,000;
incorporators, A. L. Champion, C. D. Champion
and A. P. Champion.
Mayland Coal k Coke Co., Mayland, Tenn.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators. J. S. Cline, C. H. Sells
and T. F. Brown.
Crystal Block Mining Co., Gary, W. Va.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators. H. N. Evenson. 1. E. Woods
and J. J. Stout.
Glass-Wells Coal Co., Louisville, Ky.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, .1. L. Wells, C. D. Glass,
A. J. Bence.
FOR SALE.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
coal land in fee. Seven hundred and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Situated
on tbe Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & O. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily produce
fifty (50,000) thousand tons per month. Price,
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dollars.
($150,000 cash, and balance to suit @ 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.

I
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.
i

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The report of Master in Chancery J. M. Pfeifer
of Springfield, 111., on the foreclosure sale of the
properties of the Illinois Collieries Co., showed a
deficit of $2,983,012.50. The properties were sold
Nov. 15 to the Pittsburgh Coal Co. for $126,000.
The deficit represents the amount of outstanding
bonds, together with interest.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
For Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-16
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUR, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres ot virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and out­
fit of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
FOR SALE
Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
& D. also the Kittannings C. & B.
The E. & C. are being operated and open for
inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quarters
of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S„ Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

SENATOR MARTINE WOULD HAVE
GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP OF MINES.
Government ownership of the great coal mines
of the country as a remedy for strike disturbances
was recommended by Senator Martine of
New Jersey Jan. 15 in a report submitted to Chairman
Swanson of the Senate committee, which investigated
the West Virginia coal strike troubles.
Senator Martine, charged particularly with the
inquiry regarding interference with the mails and
the employment of contract labor, reported that
the evidence failed to establish either of these
conditions.
"While there was some delay in distributing
mail owing to the strike and general disturbed
conditions existing in this district," said the Senator
in his report, "I found no attempt to suppress
the general mail delivery to all legitimate patrons
of the respective postoffices of this district. The
presence of armed guards, however, naturally excited
bitter feelings, an*], their presence cannot
be too strongly condemned. In many instances
it was found that these guards loitered around the
coal company stores, which stores constituted, in
the same building, the office of the coal company
and the postoffice.
"Regarding* the employment of immigrant labor
in blocks or on contract from foreign countries,
this, too, was found impossible to establish.
Though the fact was plainly brought out that
labor was hired by agents of the mine owners in
the great cities of our country; that the said
agents did not tell the men so hired the whole
truth of the situation at the place of destination;
that in most instances these men were unable to
speak or understand our language: the burden
of testimony tended only to prove that the transportation
of these men was a serious reflection
on our boasted civilization.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
"God has blessed West Virginia with profligate
band. Here, above all sections, should peace,
plenty and happiness reign supreme. On the
contrary, your committee found disorder, riot, bitterness
and bloodshed in their stead.
"In no spirit of malice or hatred, but with a
view that the country, through knowledge of the
true conditions, may right the wrong, I charge
I hat the hiring of armed bodies of men by private
mine owners and other corporations, and the use
of steel armored trains, machine guns and bloodhounds
on defenseless men, women and children, is
but a little way removed from barbarism.
"A millionaire owner of a great section of the
state of West Virginia calmly admitted on the witness
stand that so long as he got his per ton
royalty, he never inquired further. Coal under
our civilization is a necessity. This great commodity
cannot be increased a fraction of a pound,
yet our population is multiplying by leaps and
bounds each year, thereby increasing the demands
for this article. We must have warmth for our
bodies and fuel with w-hich to cook our foods.
"With this condition existing and with avarice
as the dominating characteristic in man, I, at the
risk of criticism by many friends and countrymen,
unhesitatingly say that government ownership
of the mines is the only hope or solution for
Ihose who may come after us.
"These thoughts are not a dream of today, but
the result of many years of thought and consideration.
My recent investigation into conditions in
the Paint and Cabin Creek strikes, with all the attendant
horrors, has ronfirmed my thoughts into
fixed judgment."
The Lehigh Valley Coal Co. will build five new
"mess" houses at as many of its collieries in the
Pennsylvania anthracite region.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
•T
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C O n, A V
PENNSYLVANIA.

64
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTMORELAND COAL CO.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE,
224 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLLIERY OWNERS. MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
THE STANDARD
WESTMORELAND COAL
MINES LOCATED IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.
This Coai fs unexcelled for gas-making, both in illuminating and for producer work.
For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high-pressure
steaming, and in all places where a strong and pure fuel is required, it has no equal.
JAMES G. GEEGAN. GENERAL MANAOER F. J. MULLHOLAND, SALES MANAGER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
B_LL -PHONE, 2517 COUNT P & A "PHONE, M 151
J. H. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS • i
Moisture - - - - - 1.53 BEST FOR STEAM AMD \
Volatile Matter . . . . 35.96 " I
Fixed Carbon - - - - 56.34 DOMESTIC USES
( Ash . . - . - . 6.17
j Sulphur 1.79
[ B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3 ° ffices : ' 3 * 5 Pa * Building, PITTSBURGH.
j Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, „ ,. „.
T .... „ . _. . '' Bell Phones, Grant 1822—1823—1824
! Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.

T s J5hQ
RADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, FEBRUARY 16, 1914 No. 6
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 11114, by THE COAL TUADE COMPANY.
A. It. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
II. J. STIIAUB, Managing lOdilor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondeuce and eommunications upon all matters
relating to eoal or eoal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TUADE BULLETIN,
0*.'(!-'_:S0 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBUBGH.
Long Distance Telephone L'OO Grant.
riDntered at ihe 1'ost Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
MASKING TIME SEEMS TO BE THE POSITION OF THE that some of the producers have offered tonnage
COAL TRADE at this time, while the miners and the at. a shaded price, but so far no one is willing to
operators are in conference over the wage agree­
ments for the coming year or two years or what­
ever term finally may be decided on when an agree­
ment is reached. In the meantime the trade con­
tinues to show a little improvement, not enough
to create surprise, but enough to show that better
times are ahead for the coal man. Mines are
still working at about the same extent they were
at. the opening of tlie month, with here and there
some little improvement shown. Car supply still
is plentiful, although the latest report shows that
tlie number of idle cars once more lias diopped
close to the 200,000 mark, with prospects of a still
further decrease in sight. This is brought about
by tlie increased activity in the iron and steel
trade, and by the general upward trend in the mark once more, and despite this increase in ton­
business outiook.
nage are more determined than ever to hold the
Labor supply is plentiful, and taken as a whole prices at the mark established during the past
tlie trade is in a position to go forward rapidly year. Efforts have been made to break this price,
or take advantage of any change in conditions that but they have been futile, save in some off grades
may come. Some chartering has been done for of coke. The increased production has been largely
lake shipments for the coming season, the bot­ due to the additional ovens fired by the furnace
toms secured taking on tbe coal for storage until
the opening of navigation.
In the Pittsburgh district the mines are operat­
ing* about GO per cent, of capacity, with cars and
labor in plentiful supply. There is not much
activity in business in the way of reaching oul
after new business, this being due in a measure
to the wage scale situation, as producers do noi
want to commit themselves just at this time when
there is a remote possibility that they may have
a higher cost production. On tbe other hand,
consumers are not stocking up materially because
they are hoping that tlie other contingency may
arise and that they may secure tonnage at a lower
figure due to the decreased production cost at the
mines. With these conditions prevailing the mar­
ket is holding firm, with a few soft spots noticeable
once in a while. There have been rumors heard
admit that this offer has been made him nor is
there any one willing to admit that he made the
offer. The local men attending the wage confer­
ence have declared their adherence to a principle
of no increased cost, and this may have some
weight in the present market conditions in this
district. Some coal lias gone south lately via
river, and this will help tbe river mines to a cer­
tain extent. Prices are held firmly at $1.30 to
$1.4u for run-of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for three-
quarter coal; $1.50 to $l.iio lor inch and one-quar­
ter coal, and slack at till cents, with a consider­
able demand for this grade of coal reported.
Coke makers have pushed the tonnage figures
above the three hundred thousand tons per week
interests, the merchant producers keeping their
tonnage down to the demands of the trade. Fur­
naces are reported starting up all over the coun­
try and this presages more fuel needs, and this
naturally will reflect on the coke market. As a

18 . THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
result tonnage is likely to increase in volume and
prices to remain just as firm as ever, if the manu­
facturers will but cling to their present position.
Prices are quoted at $2.50 to $2.75 lor furnaee coke
and $3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite trade is suffeiing somewhat from
a stagnation. There are reports of mines not
working full time and of other collieries closing
down for a part of the time. The cold weather of
the past few days probably will change this con­
dition, hut no! to such an extent as to make a de­
cided difference in tin* tonnage of coal produced.
The shipments of anthracite for January, the
figures of whieli are available, show that the month
was not as good as tue same month of last year,
and that tlie that branch of the trade was less
active than either of the others. Prices are held
at winter figures.
* * *
THE MINERS' CONVENTION IS OVER, and the trade
now knows just what the men who dig the coal
will demand of their employers. This demand
will be or has been presented at the wage con­
ference now on. But there were other phases
of the convention that were as interesting if not
as important as the wage question. The conven­
tion was a lively one. there was much contention,
the radical and conservative elements apparently-
letting no chance go by of getting a rap in on the
other fellow. Incidentally, the delegates showed
clearly that they have but little sympathy with the
organization known as the I. W. YV. Another
phase of the convention that attracted some atten-
lion was Ihe decision to take the next meeting
away from Indianapolis. The effort to reduce the
high cost of the conventions was a success, as the
representation was cut down, subject, of course,
to the final decision of the membership at large,
and the head of the organization also was shorn
of some power. These were the principal features
that attracted notice, and made the convention
notable.
* * *
DEMAND KU: A DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF FATAL
ACCIDENTS is made of the bituminous mine inspect­
ors of Pennsylvania by Chief of the Department of
.Mines James E. Roderick in a letter sent to them
recently. He points out that there has been an
increase, and that this was more noticeable in some
districts than in others, and that it is apparent
some one has not been obeying the laws fully. He
calls attention to the fact that the inspectors arc
expected to enforce the laws more vigorously, par­
ticularly that portion of them relating to the set­
ting of timlier and the care of the roof. He also
(alls attention to the number of accidents due to
electricity, but does not seemingly arrive at any
conclusion as to what remedy is to lie applied.
Tin: SESSIONS or THE JOINT WAGE CONFERENCE are
now Iieing held in Philadelphia. Representatives
of all the districts of Ihe central competitive field
aie participating. While the sessions have been
on ^ince Tuesday, Feb. in. no definite results have
been attained, and it is probable that, when this
issue ol THE COM. TUADE BULLETIN reaches its
readers, tbe conference will be continuing its ses­
sions. No prediction can be made at this early
stage as to the final result or of the length of the
conference. All that i an be said with verity is
that the friendliest feelings are expressed by.both
sides.
The coal trade, having gotten the miners' con­
vention off its chest, now is treating a case of
wage conference, and the trade is very hopeful
that nothing more than first aid methods will he
necessary to effect a cure.
Br'er Groundhog surely must he given some
credit for the present weather. Al any rate the
shaken faith of the coal man in his prognostica­
tions is restored.
Chief Roderick of Pennsylvania wants less acci­
dents or more explanations. Let's hope he gets
the former.
Once more idle cars are beginning to take a
drop. The drop shoul 1 become a steady stream
of decrease.
* * *
Does it signify anything that the wage confer­
ence is meeting in the City of Brotherly Love?
* :': *
Mr. Coal Man, hope your valentine was a nice
fat order.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 19
THE INTERSTATE CONFERENCE—CONFERS
The miners and operators of what are called the
tentral interstate fields went into conference, os­
tensibly, the morning of February 10, in the Belle-
vue-Stratford hotel in Philadelphia, for the pur­
pose of negotiating a wage agreement. This agree­
ment is looked to as the basis for the wage agree­
ments in all fields. On Wednesday, the eleventh
of February, the .miners' representatives presented
the wage demands drafted and approved by the
miners' convention .in Indianapolis last month.
The following-day the rep-«f-*en>tativeS of 1 the
operators made: the _f#_$irF play. Knowing that the
• - , - * . . * * -:
miners, at- thai .instance of their International president,
John Pi White, had voted for a new scheme
of no-suspe^Sion in case negotiations are pending
April 1, the operators offered a proposition in effect
that work continue for all time. Their proposal
was that in.the event an agreement is not reached
by April 1 that work continue and that artjftg-ation
determine the matters at issue and AJiat tWs practice
continue ever hereafter. In oth^j&^-SS^that
ile* miners keep working always ajjsfl*%JoK'C6 arbitration
for-Jtlie answer. Here' is- a^co^f, ol the
document presented to the conffi_4R_K!» -'•,*$
•" • * * » r^_> &*' '•"'
We are- in favor of adoptiBg'iSOThF-siet-i'ofl by
which in the^e-^nd. future negotiations some practical
method, can be-devised by which the directly
opposite views and demands of the miners and
operators can be. settled without entailing the necessity
of strikes and suspensions, which of necessity
are injurious to the public, detrimental to the
best interests of both miners and operators; and
too often are forced, agreements raU_@_af.i_an agreements
based on justice and equity.
The proposition of the miners as presented by
President White, does not remedy the situation,
but only puts off to an uncertain date the inevitable
and absolutely places the operators and the
public at the mercy of the miners' organization,
which have the power to suspend operations at any
time that may be to their advantage or convenience.
The miners' proposition leaves no option
to the operators as to when or how such strike
or suspension shall or may be called.
As a counter proposition and one that will absolutely
settle these disputes for all time, we recommend
the following:
That in these and all future negotiations in
which no settlements have been reached prior to
the expiration of the existing wage agreement, all
questions and controversies be submitted without
restriction to an arbitration board, and that we
agree to abide by the decision of such board and
mat pending the final decision of such arbitration
board, the miners continue to work on the basis
of the terms of the expired contract.
The operators' proposition for no suspension
indefinitely w-as passed over without action. Then
the operators made their counter wage proposition,
which the mineis voted down. After that tne
miners' demands were taken up in order. On
Saturday morning, tbe 14th of February, the first
demand for the mine-run system was under discussion.
Following is the operators' counter proposition:
Whereas, the representatives of the operators
of Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois
in joint convention with the representatives
of the United Mine Workers of America, have
.been presented with the following demands, as a
basis for the consummation of a contract for two
years commencing April 1, 1914:
First. That all coal be weighed before being
screened and paid for on a mine-run basis.
Second. That' we demand a flat 5 cents per ton
increase at the basing point.
-Third. A 10 per cent, increase on all dead work,
-yardage and day labor.
• Fourth. A uniform work day and wage scale
for all classes-of outside and inside day labor.
Fifth. A proper readjustment of the machine
differential at the basing point.
Sixth. That we demand a complete check-off
* for the miners' organization through the com-
* panies' office.
Seventh. That we demand that all local inequalities
and internal differences be referred to
the various districts affected for settlement.
Eighth. We demand that where the pi ice or
regulation of powder is made a contract provision.
that union-made powder shall be furnished.
Ninth. That the miners work only one-half day
on Saturday.
Tenth. That the company shall pay drivers for
time from taking charge of stock until they, tbe
company, receive same.
Eleventh. We demand that our contract shail be
in effect for two years.
Therefore, be it resolved that in view of the
fact that the highest wages paid to miners in Ihe
world now prevails in the competitive coal mining
fields of Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana
and Illinois, and also that the general conditions
of the country call for a decrease of the present
scale of wages rather than an increase, and this
coupled with the relief experienced and further
relief promised by (he government in the cost of
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 62)

20 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
NEW COAL WEIGHING SYSTEM IS ORDERED
An important rule was laid down by the Interstate
Commerce commission Feb. 2 in the case of
S. C. Schneck, coal dealer of Chicago, against the
Norfolk & Western railway and others, alleging
be had been assessed on a greater tonnage than
was delivered on three carloads of lump coal from
Vivian, W. Va., the commission holding the charge
to be well founded.
The commission taking up a rule of the Norfolk
& Western that "freight charges will be assessed
on weights ascertained at Norfolk & Western
regular weighing stations," ordered the railroad
not to enforce it further.
The commission held open the case, however, to
afford the defendants an opportunity to file modified
rules for the weighing of coal in carloads and
for the assessment of transportation charges in
accordance with the principle laid down.
As the commission did not care to accept
Schneck's weights, he was denied reparation.
WEST VIRGINIA MINING MEN ELECT
OFFICERS AND FIX MEETING DATE.
At a meeting of the "Coal Miners' Bureau of
Research for Information," held in rooms of the
Consolidation Coal Co. s engineering department,
Clarksburg. XV. Va., at the opening of the fortnight,
the following officers were elected:
President, G. J. Aitstetter, civil and mining engineer;
vice president, J. Walter Miller, superintendent
for Hutchinson Coal Co.; recording secretary,
O. C. Straight, civil engineer the Consolidation
Coal Co.; financial secretary, Edward W. Eaubenstein,
mine inspector. Members Board of
Control—President. Daniel Howard, president and
general manager Central Fairmont Coal Co.; Clyde
Lutton, superintendent for Hutchinson Coal Co.;
Frank E. Parsons, district state mine inspector;
Howard Connor, superintendent for Orr Coal Mining
Co.; Thomas Jarrett, superintendent mine 55
the Consolidation Coal Co.
The next meeting will be held Feb. 2, at the
same place, and a paper on "Mine Gases" will be
read by Mr. Connor and discussed by the members.
It is the intention of the bureau to take up first
aid work. Recently some of the members received
training at the United States training station,
Chiefton, XX. Va., and the bureau will be
well equipped to give instructions along this line.
A resolution was passed inviting all persons
interested in coal mining to become members.
A small shipment of 412,000 bushels of coal was
made from the Pittsburgh harbor Feb. 5, consigned
to Louisville and other southern ports.
MR. F. DURDAN BECOMES MANAGER
OF B. S. HAMMILL FUEL COMPANY.
The B. S. Hammill Fuel Co. is a new organization
formed in Pittsburgh, with offices in the Park
building, and with Mr. B. S. Hammill manager of
the Meadowlands Coal Co., as president. The company
also will have offices in Buffalo, N. Y., and
Mr. F. J. Durdan, formerly head of the sales department
of the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co., will have charge of the company's
business as general sales agent.
The B. S. Hammill Fuel Co. will handle the pro-
MR. FRANK J. DURDAN.
General Sales Agent of B. S. Hammill Fuel Co.
duct of the Ladalia Coal Co., the B. S. Hamill Coal
Co., and the Lindley Coal Co., all Pittsburgh companies
with offices in the Park building, and producing
Somerset smokeless, gas and steam coals.
Mr. Durdan has been connected with the selling
end of coal producing companies for a number of
years, and is thoroughly familiar with the conditions
that exist, besides having an exceedingly wide
acquaintance among the trade in the States and in
Canada.
rhe Detroit Coal Exchange has been organized
d these officers elected: President, James A.
Hard; vice president, F. W. Harrison; secretary
i treasurer, Ford R. Gate. Seven directors are
be appointed later by the president.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 21
MINE WORKERS CONVENTION DELEGATES DEMAND AN ADVANCE
OF FIVE CENTS PER TON FOR MINING AND TEN
PER CENT. ADVANCE IN DAY WAGES
The following is the wage scale adopted by the
United Mine Workers of America at the convention
in Indianapolis, lnd., Feb. 3:
"Your scale committee, after giving most serious
consideration to all matters referred to us,
after a complete discussion of all phases of the
situation confronting our movement, beg leave to
submit the following report to be adopted by this
convention and submitted to the operators to be
made a part ot our next scale:
"1. That all coal be weighed before being
screened and paid for on a mine-run basis.
"2. That we demand a flat 5 cents a ton increase
at the basing point.
"3. A 10 per cent, increase on all dead work,
yardage and day labor.
"4. A uniform workday and wage scale for all
classes of outside and inside day labor.
"5. A proper adjustment of all machine differential
at the basing point.
"6. That we demand a complete check-off for
the miners' organization through the company's
office.
"7. That we demand all the local inequalities
and internal differences be referred to the various
districts affected for settlement.
"8. We demand that where the price or regulation
of powder is made a contract provision that
union-made powder shall be furnished.
"9. That the miners work only one-half day on
Saturday.
"10. That the company shall pay drivers for
time from taking charge of stock until they, the
company, receive same.
"11. We demand that our contract shall be in
effect for two years."
When THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN'S report of the
convention of the United Mine Workers closed
Jan. 31, but a portion of the proceedings of Jan.
30 had been covered. Following the action taken
relative to the militia the delegates took up the
resolution providing a recall election for international
officials. The committee on constitution
disapproved the resolution but the delegates
would not accept the report, and after amending
it to require only a 5 per cent, total necessary to
initiate such a recall and 30 per cent, neccessary
to call for such an election the resolution was
adopted.
Amendments to article XII of the constitution
were then taken up and five resolutions were reported
as having been presented. The commit­
tee offered an entire new article, as a substitute
for the old one and the resolutions. The principal
change was the one relative to the number of
delegates, their manner of election and who they
shall be. These new sections were:
Sec. 2. Each district shall elect its own delegates
to the International convention and shall
have one delegate for each one thousand members
or majority fraction thereof, and no delegate shall
have more than one vote in the convention. The
method of electing and paying the delegates shall
be left to the resective districts. Districts having
less than one thousand members shall be entitled
to one delegate.
Sec. 3. District presidents, vice presidents and
secretaries, members of the International Executive
Board and International organizers shall not
be eligible as candidates for election as del agates
to the convention but shall be delegates at large
and shall have all rights and privileges of the convention
excepting that they shall not have the
right to vote on any question coming before the
convention.
Some debate followed and then the records show
this action:
Delegate Johnson (M.), District 12—I wish to
offer a motion that the
COMMITTEE'S REPORT
be referred back to the merube- ship for a referendum
vote. (Seconded).
Secretary Green—Do you mean this section that
is under consideration now?
Delegate Johnson—I mean this section under
consideration now changing the basis of representation.
I believe because there is so much
dissension here among the delegates that it would
be best for the rank and file to pass upon that
part of the recommendation of the committee
changing the representation in this International
convention. I believe the rank and file should be
given a chance to voice their sentiments in regard
to whether they are in favor of the action or not.
Delegate Houston, District 11, and Delegate
Smith, District 13, favored the motion to refer.
Delegate Hines. District 5, stated that he would
like to see the International organizers included in
the list stated in the substitute of those who were
not eligible as delegates to the International convention.
That amendment was accepted by the
committee. The question was further discussed
by Delegate Bittner, secretary of the committee.
and Delegate Seaman, District 12.

22
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The motion to refer to a referendum vote of the
membership was carried.
The first action of the convention Jan. 31 was
to refuse to change the initiation fee as provided
in four resolutions.
Section 25, Article XIV of the constitution, on
recommendation of the committee, amended to
read as follows:
"No local union shall be allowed, for any reason
or purpose, to divide its funds among its members,
nor make donations to strikes unless said
strikes have been endorsed by the American Federation
of Labor or an affiliated organization. Any
local using its fund for other than legitimate purposes,
shall be fined double the amount so used,
the fine to be collected by the district and turned
over to the International secretary-treasurer."
This amendment bars the Industrial World Workers
from receiving financial support from the
miners.
At the afternoon session, Delegate Farrington,
chairman of the committee, stated that in the
printed report of the committee in the amended
section regarding representation the words "International
organizers" had been
ADDED TO THE LIST
of officers not eligible to election as delegates, and
it should also have been added that they will not
only be debarred from running as International
delegates, but if the committee's report is adopted
by referendum vote of the membership that they
will not have any privileges whatever in International
conventions.
Section IS of Article XV was amended so as to
provide that no transfer cards from foreign organizations
will lie accepted unless the foreign
card is "Issued by the Internalional Mining Congress,"
or by the miners' unions of Australia and
New Zealand.
The question of handling strike funds came up
and the constitution committee offered an entire
new section. No. 7. to Article XIX, as follows:
"The "International secretary-treasurer shall de
vise a uniform system of accounting for the use
of financial agents handling strike funds I'or the
International union, and it shall be the duty ot
tbe traveling auditors employed in the district
where the strike prevails, or such person as may
be authorized by the International president, to
audit the accounts of the financial agent at least
every quarter of the period of tbe strike, or as
often as the Internaiional secretary-treasurer may
consider an audit necessary, and a final audit must
he made when the strike is ended, and the auditor
making such audits shall file a report of each audit
with the International secretary-treasurer, who in
turn shall submit them to the membership in his
financial report."
The International auditors offered a substitute
and the matter was under debate when the convention
adjourned.
Debate was resumed Feb. 2.
President White called the attention ot the delegates
to the fact that there was so much disturbance
in the hall that the work of the convention
was interfered with. He requested the delegates
to observe the rules they had adopted to govern
the convention and not prolong the meeting unnecessarily
at an enormous
EXPEN.SK TO THE .MEN
at home. He stated that but one delegate could
be recognized at a time and the chair was perfectly
impartial in recognizing delegates as they
arose.
Delegate Farrington, chairman of the committee,
made a reply at some length to a charge that
had been made by Auditor Mossop in the previous
session and read from the minutes of the International
Executive Board the action that had been
taken by that body in legard to the auditors.
President White made a statement explaining
the reason the International president had made
tbe recommendation to the board to define the duties
of the auditors and explained in detail the
methods that had been employed in looking after
finances in strike fields.
Secretary Green discussed the question at some
length, and explained the methods used in his
office for looking after the work of the organization.
Delegate Donaldson made an extended statement
of the position of the International auditors in presenting
the resolution and later the substitute for
the new section offered by the -ommittee. Tabulated
statements of various matters were read by-
Delegate Donaldson and President White, and letters
in regard to the question were read by Delegate
Donaldson.
A viva voce vote was taken on the motion to
adopt the substitute offered by Donaldson.
The chair being unable to decide, asked for a
rising vote. A rising vote was had, which resulted
in 395 votes being cast in the affirmative
and 550 in the negative.
The committee's new section was adopted.
Another new section, No. 8, was proposed by the
committee and adopted. It reads:
"Any member leaving a locality where a strike
is in progress, goes to work
IN ANOTHER LOCALITY
and remains away one month or more, shall not be
entitled to strike benefits if he returns to the strike
zone while the strike is on."
Article XX was amended by adding a new section,
No. 8, as follows:
"Sick and accident and death benefit funds may

e established by districts, sub-districts or local
unions if desired by a vote of two-thirds of the
entire membeiship of a local."
Article X was again taken up and the committee
recommended that the salary of vice president
be made $3,300 per year. The committee made
the recommendation because it gave the vice president
the same percentage of increase as the president.
Considerable debate was indulged in and
a number of motions made to amend and table,
but the recommendation was adopted and the salary
fixed at $3,300.
The secretary-treasurer's salary also was increased
to $3,300 per year and that of the International
Board members to $125 per month when
employed after a futile attempt had been made
to fix their pay at $5 per day.
An attempt was made to limit the expense of all
officials to $2 per day, failed and they were granted
all legitimate expenses by a vote of 487 to 409.
The convention adopted a resolution favoring
social welfare work among its members.
The convention went on record as favoring a
resolution to include the Brooke county, W. Va.,
strike in the investigation of Colorado and Michigan
strikes to be made by a committee of the
Congress of the United States.
The question of support for the strike in the
Michigan copper district came up again through
the resolutions committee and this resolution was
presented:
Whereas, several districts have requested this
convention to present a resolution to the convention
asking that a small assessment be levied for
the benefit of the copper miners of Michigan; and,
Whereas, an International assessment is now
being paid by our members; be it
Resolved, that we recommend that each district
that may be able to levy and collect a
SMALL ASSESSMENT
do so and send the same to the official representatives
of the Western Federation of Miners
for the relief of our fellow-miners, their wives and
children now on strike in the Michigan copper
region.
The resolution was adopted.
A resolution was adopted pledging the International
union to assist District No. 23, Southwestern
Kentucky, in organizing Hopkins and adjoining
counties in that state, and thus remove nonunion
competition.
Secretary-Treasurer Green read the report of the
delegate to the American Federation of Labor convention.
In it he said, among other things:
The report of the secretary indicated that 322
charters had been issued during the year, of which
two were granted to international organizations.
Seventy unions reporting had paid out in sick.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
accident, death and disability benefits to their
members the sum of $2,939,603.28 during the year.
At the close of the fiscal year—September, 1913—
the paid-up membership of the Federation was
2,054,520.
The sessions of Feb. 3 were among the most important
of the convention as on that day tbe scale
committee made its report.
the convention adopted the demands recommended
by the scale committee without changing
any of them in any manner.
[The scale as adopted will be found at the head
of this report.—ED.]
Following the adoption of the scale demands,
the question of whether there should be a suspension
of work on April 1 in case a wage agreement
is not completed by that time was taken up.
The scale committee offered a recommendation
that there be no suspension of work on April 1,
in case wage negotiations were pending and an
agreement had not been reached at that time.
The recommendation of the committee was as
follows:
"Your scale committee concurs in that part ot
President White's report recommending the continuation
of work after expiration of contract pending
negotiations, which reads as follows:
" 'For many years our organization has been confronted
with a very annoying situation at the expiration
of wage contracts, and it seems but right
that we try to rectify this condition that is no
longer justifiable in my opinion. There is now
a strong sentiment
PEUMEATING OIK .MOVEMENT
against suspensions, and much discussion has taken
place as to the wisdom of changing our policy and
inaugurating a more businesslike method and remain
at work pending settlement in the event we
are still negotiating at the expiration of wage
contracts.
" 'I recognize I am approaching a question thai
will bring strong criticism and much opposition,
but I am fully convinced that we have reached a
place in our history where something must be done.
About all we have ever been able to accomplish
by the old system of suspending work at the expiration
of wage contracts is to destroy the financial
resources of nearly every branch of our union,
impair the earning power and credit of our membership
and bring considerable inconveniences, in
a business way and otherwise, upon helpless communities.
It is true that some profit from such
misfortunes, but it is safe to assume that the
membership of the United Mine Workeis has
everything to gain and nothing to lose by abolishing
a system that produces such results as I
have referred to herein. I can foresee ample
opportunity to safeguard every right that we now

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
possess as an organization by adopting this newmethod
and opening up a way to a better and more
enlightened business policy.'
"In concurring in this, your committee recommends
if tbe report is adopted by the convention,
that it be referred to the various districts with
the recommendation of the convention."
President White made a speech in support of the
proposition.
"Our organization has a wider influence in shaping
the affairs of this nation," he said. "No other
labor organization lias a greater influence than
the United Mine Workers. 1 have stated that I
believed the old system in this organization had
outlived its usefulness ancl I want to change it.
"I am opposed to suspension. I want to do
something that will help the members and their
families. I want to shut out these evil influences
that profit from your misfortune in time of
suspension.
"It has always been the case that these evil
influences hover around our
CONVENTIONS AMI CONFERENCES,
seeking to influence the strong organized fields to
cause a suspension.
"They know that if they can bring about this
unfortunate condition they can then unload their
large stocks of surplus coal at high prices. The
public gets the idea that the miners are to blame
for the situation.
"Then after the surplus coal has been disposed
of and the non-union mines have been worked
steadily, you generally get an insignificant increase
which could have been had without a strike.
"Under such circumstances the non-union fields
get the benefit, and this makes it more difficult to
organize these unorganized fields.
"Operators have come lo me and asked me to
delay action in regard to strikes and settlements.
They told me it would be a benefit to them. But
I refused to listen to them.
"The evil influences work in the most insidious
manner. They have sought to disrupt the administration.
They have used the writ of injunction,
the federal courts, the district courts—all are used
against us.
"I have never been able to see what has been
gained by a suspension.
"We should not waste our substance and energy
by a suspension."
He said it would be easier to organize the unorganized
fields if the miners remained at work.
"I do not want any more suspensions," he said.
"If we exhaust our efforts in the conference, and
if we fail to get an agreement, then let us split
and call it a strike and not a suspension."
After several other aldresses the convention
adopted the committee's recommendation that there
be no suspension of work April 1 if a new wage
agreement has not been reached, nor while negotiations
are pending.
The convention adopted a motion of President
Flyzick, of District 10, whih provided that after
an agreement has been reached at the joint conference
it shall be submitted either
TO A REFERENDUM VOTE
of the entire membership or in a reconvened international
convention for ratification or rejection.
Thomas Haggerty and Thomas Kennedy of Pennsylvania
were chosen as delegates to the next
convention of the World's Mining congress. One
of the international officers also will go as a delegate.
John Hessler of Indiana and Thomas J. Reynolds
of Illinois were chosen delegates to the Western
Federation of Miners' convention.
St. Louis was selected as the place for holding
the next convention, that city being chosen over
Kansas City.
The convention voted almost unanimously that
the report of the committee appointed two years
ago to investigate the charges that the Columbus
convention of three years ago had been packed
with delegates for certain purposes, which were
talked about at that time, should not be read to
the convention, but should be filed in the archives
at headquarters.
President White made a short speech before adjourning
the convention.
"I want to thank the delegates for what they
have done at this eonvention." he said. "You
have put into effect many new features of our
policy that have been suggested to me, and I feel
that they will all be for the good of the organization.
I feel that they will bring a little more
sunshine and a little more happiness into your
homes and to your families.
"For those persons who sought, purposely or
otherwise, to interrupt and hinder the work of
this convention by continuous disorder and turmoil.
I shall entertain no personal ill will whatever.
I shall feel that they did not hurt me.
"You have done much constructive work which
will redound to the benefit of our organization in
the years that stretch out before us, and my hope
to you and to the entire membership is that the
very near future may bring not strife, suffering
and privation to our vast membership and their
families, but that it may bring better conditions
and make life the more worth living."
The Dravo Contracting Co. of Pittsburgh has
just been awarded the contract for the complete
construction of two modern concrete-lined shafts
for the Ford Collieries Co. on its property between
Bakerstown and Curtisville, Allegheny county, Pa.

CHIEF OF DEPARTMENT OF MINES RODER­
ICK GIVES COMPARATIVE FIGURES OF
FATALITIES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The following is a letter sent to the bituminous
mine inspectors of Pennsylvania by Chief of the
Department of Mines James E. Roderick:
Dear Sir:—I beg to submit to you, and to all the
other inspectors, comparative statistics of accidents
in the bituminous mines for the years 1912
and 1913. The results in many of the districts
are very disappointing. The number of inspectors
having been increased, the number of mines
allotted to several of them having thereby been
considerably decreased, it was reasonable to look
for a better record for 1913, but instead there has
been a large increase in fatalities.
I shall expect an explanation as to the cause for
the great increase in accidents from falls, cars
ancl electricity. Some districts show a creditable
record, but it is not necessary to name either those
with a good record or those with a bad record;
the statistics herewith show each inspector where
he stands.
Serious disasters, such as the explosion at the
Cincinnati mine, will occur occasionally, but why
the accidents from falls should increase from 249
in 1912 to 313 in 1913, a difference of 25 per cent.,
and the accidents from electricity from 18 to 23,
a difference of 27 per cent., is hard to understand.
I desire in this connection to impress upon you
the necessity of keeping constantly on the alert to
see that all the mine officials as well as the mine
workers observe the provisions of the law relating
to safety. Not only must dangers from gas and
dust be avoided and guarded against, but the
workers must be impressed more forcibly with
the necessity for greater care in standing timber
in taking down the roof and coal, and in riding
on or being about mine cars; and they must be particularly
cautioned to avoid contact with electric
wires or other mediums through which fatal
shocks may be conveyed. If you can lessen accidents
from these causes much will be accomplished.
It is scarcely possible for many districts to
make as good a showing as the Third, Fourth,
Eighth, Tenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-seventh and
Twenty-eighth districts were fortunate enough to
make during 1913, as these districts, owing to
favorable conditions, always make good records;
but in the other districts the inside accidents
should be greatly reduced. The statement herewith
shows that several of the acknowledged dangerous
districts had but comparatively few accidents.
Please read this letter carefully and use your
best efforts to have accidents reduced, especially
from falls, cars and electricity.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 26
DISTRICT RECORDS.
First District—A decrease of 50 per cent, in
accidents by falls, 33 per cent, by cars and 50 per
cent. by electricity; 1912 by falls 14; by cars 6;
by electricity 2; 1913, by falls 7; by cars 6; by
electricity 1.
Second District—An increase of 33 per cent, in
accidents by falls and 25 per cent, by cars. No
accidents by electricity; 1912, by falls 22; by cars
4; by electricity 1; 1913, by falls 28; by ears 5;
by electricity 0.
Third District—A decrease of 14 pel cent, in
accidents by falls; no accidents by cars; 1912, by
falls 7: by cars 3; 1913, by falls 6; fry cars 0.
Fourth District—An increase of 300 per cent.
in accidents by falls; 1912, by falls 2; by cars 2;
1913, by falls 8: by cars 2.
Fifth District—A decrease of 40 per cent, in
accidents by falls and 60 per cent, by cars; 1912,
by falls 10; by cars 5; 1913, by falls fi; by cars 2.
Sixth District—A decrease of 7 per cent in accidents
by falls and 80 per cent, by cars; two accidents
by electricity; 1912, by falls 14; by cars 7;
1913, by falls 13; by cars 1; by electricity 2.
Seventh District—An increase of 16 per cent, in
accidents by falls and 50 per cent, by electricity;
1912, by falls 6; by cars 6; by electricity 2; 1913,
by falls 7: by cars 6; by electricity 3.
Eighth District—A decrease of 25 per cent, in
accidents by falls; 1912, by falls 4; by cars 0;
1913, by falls 3; by cars 0.
Ninth District—A decrease of 10 per cent, in
accidents by falls; an increase of 100 per cent, by
cars; no accidents by electricity; 1912, by falls
10; by cars 3; by electricity 1; 1913, by falls 9;
by cars 6; by electricity 0.
Tenth District—A decrease of 57 yer cent, in
accidents by falls and 50 per cent, by cars; one
accident by electricity; 1912, by falls 7; by cars
2; by electricity 0; 1913, by falls 3; by cars 1; byelectricity
1.
Eleventh District—An increase of 33 per cent, in
accidents by falls and 150 per cent, by cars; no
accidents by electricity; 1912, by falls 9; by cars
2; by electricity 1; 1913, by falls 12; by cars 5;
by electricity 0.
Twelfth District—An increase of 44 per cent, in
accidents by falls; two accidents by cars; 1912.
by falls 9; by cars fl; by electricity 1: 1913, byfalls
13; by cars 2; by electricity 1.
Thirteenth District—An increase of 40 per cent.
in accidents by falls; a decrease of 50 per cent.
by cars; no accidents by electricity; 1912, by falls
3; by cars 6; by electricity 2; 1913, by falls 7;
by cars 3; by electricity 0.
Fourteenth District—An increase of 66 per cent.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
in accidents by falls and 100 per cent, by cars;
one accident by electricity; 1912, by falls 6; by-
cars 3; by electricity 0; 1912, by falls 10; by cars
fi; by electricity 1.
Fifteenth District—An increase of 90 per cent.
in accidents by falls; a decrease of 33 per cent.
by cars; 1912, by falls 10; by cars 12; 1913, by falls
19; by cars S.
Sixteenth District—An increase of 90 per cent.
in accidents by falls; a decrease of 33 per cent.
by cars; 1912 by falls 10; by cars 12; 1913, by
falls 19; by cars 8.
Seventeenth District—An increase of 70 per cent.
in accidents by falls and 100 per cent, by cars;
1912. by falls 7; by cars 2; 1913. by falls 12; by
ears 4.
Eighteenth District—A decrease of 25 per cent.
in accidents by falls; two accidents by electricity;
1912, by falls 8; by cars 0; by electricity 0; 1913,
by falls 6; by cars 0; by electricity 2.
Nineteenth District—A decrease of 28 per cent.
in accidents by falls; an increase of 100 per cent.
by cars and two accidents by electricity: 1912. by-
falls 21; by ears 3; by electricity 0; 1913, by falls
15; by cars 6; by electricity 2.
Twentieth District—An increase of 80 per cent.
in accidents by falls and 100 per cent, by cars;
1912, by falls 10; by cars 2; 1913. by falls 18;
by cars 4.
Twenty-first District—An increase of ltO pei
cent, in accidents by falls and 50 per cent, by cars;
a decrease of 66 per cent, by electricity; 1912, by-
falls 9; by cars 8; by electricity 3; 1913. by- falls
19; by cars 12; by electricity 1.
Twenty-second District—An increase of 100 per
cent, in accidents by falls and 100 per cent, by
cars; no accidents by electricity; 1912, by falls 5;
by cars I; by electricity 3; 1913, by falls 10; by
ears 2; by electricity 0.
Twenty-third Distiict—An increase in accidents
by falls of 14 per cent.; a decrease of 44 per cent.
by cars; one accident by electricity; 1912, by falls
7; by cars 9; by electricity 0; 1913, by falls 8;
by cars 5; by electricity 1.
Twenty-fourth District—An increase of 23 per
cent, in accidents by falls; a decrease of 33 per
cent, by cars; three accidents by electricity; 1912,
by falls 13; by cars 6; by electricity 0; 1913, by
falls 16; by cars 4; by electricity 3.
Twenty-fifth District—An increase of 40 per cent.
in accidents by falls and 100 per cent, by elec­
tricity; 1912, by falls 15; by cars 4; by electricity
1; 1913, by falls 21; by cars 4; by electricity 2.
Twenty-sixth District—An increase of 44 per
cent, in accidents by falls; a decrease of 66 per
cent, by cars; an increase of 200 per cent.'by elec­
tricity; 1912, by falls 9; by cars 6; by electricity
1; 1913, by falls 13; by cars 2; by electricity 3.
Twenty-seventh District—A new district; 7 lives
were lost by falls and 1 by cars.
Twenty-eighth District—A new district; 5 lives
were lost by falls ancl 1 by cars.
NOVA SCOTIA COAL PRODUCTION IN 1912*
1912.
Dominion Coal Co., Ltd 5,054,861
Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co., Ltd 942,511
Acadia Coal Co., Ltd 487,933
Cumberland Railway & Coal Co 469,388
Inverness Railway & Coal Co 312,836
Intercolonial Coal Mining Co 277,740
Maritime Coal, Railway & Power Co 178,976
Minudie Coal Co., Ltd 67,487
Colonial Coal Co., Ltd 36,059
Three companies producing less than
. 10,non tons each 6,936
Total 7,834,724
'Compiled from statistics furnished by John McLeish, Chief
of Division Mineral Resources and Statistics, Canadian Department
of Mines.
CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO TONNAGE.
The comparative tonnage statement of the Chesa
peake & Ohio railroad shows:
TOTAL COAL LOADED.
New River. Kanawha. Kentucky.
Tons. Tons. Tons.
Dec. 1913 469,490 95S.740 145,810
Nov. 1913 502,230 877,400 155,970
Dec. 1912 463,230 708.9S0 153,ISO
Dec
Nov
Dec-
TOTAL COAL AND COKE LOADED.
New River. Kanawha. Kentucky.
Tons. Tons. Tons.
1913 486,230 961,020 157,060
1913 518.520 S8II.040 163,920
1912 4S5,550 712,520 155,610
Total.
Tons.
1.574.04U
1,535,600
1,325,390
Total.
Tons.
1,604,310
1,562,480
1,353,680
The Kelso mine of the Keystone Coal & Coke
Co., near Johnstown, Pa., has been taken over by
the Barnes & Tucker Coal Co. of Barnesboro, Pa.,
and will be operated on a lease.
An order for 1,000 coal cars has been placed by
the Kanawha & Michigan railway With a Columbus.
O., car manufacturing company. The Hocking
Valley railway has also contracted for 1,000 cars
with an eastern concern.*

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION*
By Mr. Lee Ott. Chairman ol the West Virginia Public Service Co mmission
By request of our worthy president I have prepared
a -short message on Workmen's Compensation.
The subject is new, yet of vital interest to
the state ancl nation and has come to stay. It
is being discussed in every state and in the nation.
The National Civic association held their 14th
annual meeting at the Hotel Astor in New York
City on Thursday and Friday, Dec. 11 ancl 12. The
first work on the program will be the report of
the commission of six men who have been making
a study of the Workmen's Compensation laws in
the states of Massachusetts, New Jersey. Michigan,
Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, California, Oregon,
and Washington. This report will contain the results
of the operation of Compensation laws in the
above states, and all information that can be obtained
in any other manner. I give you this information
to show you the importance of the question
of Workmen's Compensation.
It is now only a cpiestion of getting the best law
and as near uniformity as practical. Ten states
west of us have enacted Compensation laws; all
of which are in effect at this writing. New Jersey
on the east with a Compensation law in effect
July 4, 1911. Amended in 1913. North of us,
Rhode Island; Compensation law in effect April
30, 1913, and Connectcut in effect Jan. 1, 1914.
The state of Texas enacted a Compensation law,
which became effective Sept. 1, 1913; Pennsylvania
with a proposed law. In order that you grasp
the similarity of the various laws that have been
enacted, to ours, I will give you a gigest of laws
of each state and the manner in which compensation
is disbursed; first taking up the state of
CALIFORNIA.
This law was passed 1910 and yvas known as the
Roseberry Employers' Liability Act, amended,
amendments effective Jan. 1, 1914. Tnis law is
known as the Workmen's Compensation Safety and
Insurance Act.
SYSTEM PROVIDED FOR.
Compulsory system of compensation, supervised
and administered by members with a state insurance
fund managed by said commission.
EMPLOYMENTS COVERED.
All employments, public or private, in the ordinary
course of the trade.
OREGON.
The state of Oregon, The law in this state is
known as the Workmen's Compensation and went
into effect on the first day of July. 1913. Elective
system of compensation.
*Paper read before the West Virginia Coal Mining Institute,
December. 1913.
NEVADA.
Nevada. This law was passed in 1911. Amended.
Amendments taking effect July 1, 1913. This law
is known as the Workmen's Compensation law.
Elective system of compensation.
NEBRASKA.
Nebraska. This law went into effect on July 17,
1913, ancl is known as the Workmen's Compensation
law. Elective system of compensation.
TEXAS.
This law became effective Sept. 1, 1913, and is
known as the Workmen's Compensation law. Elective
system of compensation.
KANSAS.
The original compensation act, in the state of
Kansas took effect Jan. 1, 1912, was amended.
amendments going into effect March 12, 1913.
Elective system of compensation.
MINNESOTA.
Minnesota. This law became effective Oct. 1,
1913, and is also known as the Workmen's Compensation
law. Elective system of compensation.
IOWA.
Iowa. This law becomes effective July 1, 1913.
Is known as the Workmen's Comepnsation law.
Elective system of compensation.
ILLINOIS.
The original compensation act in this state took
effect May 1, 1913, has been repealed and a new
and more comprehensive act enacted in its place,
the new act taking effect July 1, 1913. Elective
system of compensation.
-WISCONSIN.
This law took effect Sept. 1, 1911, has since been
amended, the amendments taking effect June 30,
1913. Elective system of compensation.
OHIO.
This law amends and supplements the pre-existing
compensation law; same becomes effective Jan.
1, 1914. Compulsory system of compensation.
NEW JERSEY.
The original law* in this state took effect on
July 4, 1911, was amended, amendments taking
effect on April, 1913. Elective system of compensation.
RHODE ISLAND.
The law in the state of Rhode Island, which
went into effect Oct. 1. 1912, has since been
amended, the amendments becoming effective April
30, 1913. Elective system of compensation.
CONNECTICUT.
This law in the state of Conecticut becomes effective
Jan. 1, 1914. Elective system of compensation.
WEST VIRGINIA'S WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAW.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Passed Feb. 21, 1913, in effect May 22, 1913, and
in operation Oct. 1, 1913.
SYSTEM PROVIDED FOR.
So-called elective system of compensation, with
state insurance administered and supei vised by the
Public Service commission.
INDUSTRIES COVERED.
All persons, firms and corporations, carrying on
any form ol industry in the state, except domestic
and agricultural services. This definition is further
amplified by a broad classification of industries.
INJURIES COVERED.
Those received in the course of and resulting
from employment, except when self-inflicted or due
lo wilful misconduct or intoxication.
HOW ELECTION IS MADE HY EMPLOYMENT.
Employer who elects to contribute to state fund
must post wiitten notices of such election in place
of business.
DEFENSES ABROGATED IE EMPLOYER DOES NUT ELECT.
(a) Fellow- service; (b) Assumption of risk;
(c) Contributory negligence.
SUITS FOR DAMAGES.
Only where employer covered by act elects not
to pay premiums into state fund, or where such
employer, having elected to pay premiums, is in
default of payment of same. Also the commission
may sue in its own name for any premiums
owing from any employer.
SPECIAL CONTRACTS.
No employer or employe shall exempt himself
from the burden or waive the benefits of the act
by any contract, agreement, rule or regulation.
The commission may, if it thinks best, insure
in any authoritative liability insurance company
any or all of the liabilities of tlhe Workmen's
Compensation fund, and apply so much as may be
necessary of the premiums collected toward the
payment of the premiums of such insurance.
BURDEN OF COST.
The burden of cost is on the employers, employes
of state, premiums to the state fund being contributed
in the proportion of 90 per cent, of employers
and 10 per cent, of employes, and the state
contributing the expenses of administration. Employers
contributing are limited to a maximum of
one per cent, on yearly pay-roll. Each employer
deducts from the monthly wages of his employes
10 per cent, of the premium paid, or to be paid for
such month in proportion to the wages received
by them respectively for such month, with a minimum
reduction from the earnings of each employe
for any one month five cents.
WAITING PERIOD.
No benefits are allowed for the first week after
the injury, except medical and hospital services
or funeral expenses.
NOTICE TO EMPLOYER OF ACCIDENT.
Application for compensation by employe or dependent
of deceased employe must be made within
six months from the time of injury or death.
COMPENSATION FOR DEATH.
In all death cases reasonable funeral expenses,
not exceeding $75.00, shail be paid in addition to
any other award.
If any injury caused death within 90 days, bene-
,ts shall be in amounts and to the persons following:
(a) Dependents, father or mother of deceased
employe who was a minor ancl unmarried, is entitled
to 50 per cent, of the weekly wages, not exceeding
$6.00 per week, to continue until employe
would have been 21 years of age.
(b) Widow or invalid widower of deceased employe
is entitled to $20.00 per month until the
death or remarriage oi such widow or widower;
additional $5.00 per month for each child undei
the age of lawful employment, to be paid until
such child reached lawful age, total payment not
to exceed $35.00 per month.
(c) If there be wholly dependent persons other
than the widow, widower or children, the payment
shall be 50 per cent, of the average support actually
received from the employe during the preceding
10 months, to continue for the remainder of
the period between date of death and six years
after the date of injury, with a maximum of $20.00
per month.
(d ) Partial dependent persons are entitled to
50 per cent, of the average monthly support actually
received during the preceding 12 months, to
continue for such portion of the period of six
years after the date of injury as the commission
may determine, with a maximum of $20.00 per
month.
All payments of benefit in death cases made according
to the determination of the commission.
COMPENSATION FOR TOTAL DISABILITY'.
Compensation for total disability shall be 50 per
cent, of the average yveekly wage, to continue until
the death of the disabled person subject to a maximum
of $6.00 and a minimum of $3.00 per week.
COMPENSATION' FOR PARTIAL DISAISILITY.
Compensation for temporary or partial disability
is 50 per cent, of the impairment of earning capacity
of employe, subject to a maximum of $8.00
and a minimum of $4.00 per week and a maximum
period of 26 weeks, except
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL AID.
The commission shall pay for such medical and
hospital services as it may deem proper, with a
maximum of $150.00, except where injured employe

is entitled to the same through some contract con­
nection with his employment or otherwise.
COMPENSATION PAYMENTS COMMUTED TO LUMP SUM.
Under special circumstances, the commission may
commute periodical payments to one or more lump
sum payments, if it sees fit.
AGREEMENT OR AWARD MODIFIED.
The commission may from time to time make
such modifications of change with respect to for­
mer findings or orders, as may be justified.
PROCEDURE IN CASE OF DISPUTE.
The commission hears and determines all ques­
tions within its jurisdiction and its decision
thereon is final. But where the commission in its
final action denies the right of a claimant to par­
ticipate at all in the fund, on any* ground going to
the basis of the claimant's right, then the claim-
tint may, within 60 days after notice of such final
action, apply for appeal to the supreme court of
appeals. The latter court decides whether or not
any appeal shall be granted, and if granted hears
such appeal.
NON-RESIDENT ALIEN BENEFICIARIES OF DECEASED
EMPLOYES.
Non-resident alien beneficiaries are entitled to
compensation and may be officially represented by
fhe consular officers of the country of which such
aliens may be citizens or subjects.
COMPENSATION NOT ASSIGNABLE—EXEMPT FROM CLAIM
O- CREDITORS.
Benefits before payment shall be exempt from
all claims of creditors and from any attachment or
execution.
Number of employers who have elected to take
advantage of the Workmen's Compensation law,
together with classification of same by industries;
number of employes covered, receipts and disbursements:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
Schedule. Subscribers. Employes. Receipts.
A. Coal Mining 401 73,253 $107,686.04
B. Lumber 216 15,140 17.S45.37
C. Other Mining 33 2,613 3,365.42
D. Clay Products 51 6,426 6,915.70
E. Metal 85 14,236 22,513.01
G. Public Utilities 95 3,920 6,045.64
H. Chemicals 10 122 660.94
J. Textile 28 3,430 2,465.73
K. Warehouses 107 1,898 1,485.32
L. Contractors 213 12,353 12,843.21
M. Explosives 2 8 11.25
N. Paper 3S 4,001 2.582.24
O. Food Products 39 630 1,426.18
P. Miscellaneous 147 5,676 180.94
Total 1,465 143,706 $186,025.99
Total receipts reported to Dec. 1
A word in connection with the foregoing classi­
fication. It is the intention of the commission
to keep a careful record of the amount of pre­
miums paid into each classification, ancl the amount
of disbursements chargeable to each classifica­
tion, so that at the end of the year a report will
come out showing the exact amount collected in
premiums, the number of accidents under each
classification and the amount of disbursements for
each individual classification for compensation.
It is the intention of the commission to make
each classification pay its own benefits, so that, the
non-hazardous industries will not have to bear the
burden of the hazardous.
Total number of claims for month of
October filed to Dec. 1 720
Temporary disability cases, 682 claims
1,695 weeks at $6.00
Permanent disability cases, 7 claims, esti­
$10,170.00
mated 1,300.00
Physicians, hospitals, medicines & burials 3.1O0.00
Number of fatal injuries
Parents and children under 15
31
years of age $21,545.31
Less interest on balances at 3%
compounded annually 2,541.31 19,000.00
Widows—17 at $2,400.00 each. .$40,800.00
Less interest on balances at 3%
compounded annually 4,370.80 36,430.00
Toatl estimated liability for month. .$70,000.00
Number of fatal injuries 31
Number of fatal injuries ineligible
for eompensalion, no
claims made 1
Fatal injuries, no dependents.. 7
Fatal injuries, widows, no children
1
Fatal injuries, no children under
15 2
Fatal injuries, children under
15 years 14
Fatal injuries, dependent parents
6 31
Number 31 of children under 15 years of age
Outstanding. Disbursed.
$2,130.75
9,231.53
100.62
702.44
2.691.70
108.56
255.15
112.48
1,002.56
70.83
121.32
22.74
$8,243.67
186,025.99
Total Premiums $194,389.66
$472.11
85.75
8.00
17.14
146.34
5.25
16.00
21.44
$1,026.39

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LIABILITY BY YEARS.
Year Children
Ending. Widows. and Parents. Total.
6-30-1914 $2,847.57 $1,123.43 $4,970.92
1915 4.080.00 3,073.45 7,152.45
1916 4,080.00 2,648.33 6,728.23
1917 4,080.00 2,315.75 6.395.75
1918 4,080.00 2,032.55 6,112.55
1919 4,080.00 1,947.15 6,027.15
1920 4,080.00 1,568.83 5,648.83
1921 4,080.00 1,289.42 5.369.42
1922 4,080.00 1,163.08 5,243.06
1923 4,080.00 960.00 5,040.00
1924 1,232.43 933.55 2,165.98
1925 795.45 795.45
1926 4o9.06 459.06
1927 233.46 233.46
192S 2.90 2.90
Total ?40,800.00 $21,545.31 $62,345.31
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION FIND—OCTOBER, 1913.
For the quarter beginning Oct. 1, 1913, tbe treasurer
had received to Dec. 1, lor the Workmen's
Compensation fund $189,448.12, and had furnished
this office with copies of his receipts to subscrioers
to the amount of $186,025.99, leaving due from
employers who have elected to participate the further
sum of $8,243.67, making the total premiums
tor the quarter $194,269.66.
The coal mines contribute 57 per cent, of the
premiums, and as the mining is usually heaviest
in October and lightest in December, it may be
assumed that those collections will be proportioned
to the three months about as follows:
October $70,000.00
November 65,000.00
December 59,209.66 $194,269.66
Each month will probably be proportionately increased
after the actual pay-roll reports are received,
these remittances having been based on
the pay-rolls from January to April inclusive, when
the Kanawha coal mines were having labor
troubles.
The report of estimated liability for personal
injuries occurring during the month of October,
shows that, after paying all claims for disability
Premiums
Year. -.eceived.
-30-1914 $585,000,00
1915 780,000.00
1916 7SO.000.00
1917 7S0.O00.0O
1918 7SO.000.00
1919 780,000.00
1920 7SO.000.00
1921 780.000.00
1922 780,000.00
TABLE 1.
compensation, physicians, hospital, medicines and
burials, and after setting aside a sum sufficient to
pay the dependent parents and children under 15
years of age, there will be available for a Widows'
fund the sum of $36,430.00, which will permit of
a lump sum cash settlement of $2,150.00 each, or
on the basis of reeiving 3 per cent, interest compounded
annually on balances, a pension of $20.00
per month for an average period of 10 years, which
is probably a fair estimate of the time they will
remain on the fund, considering life expectation
and remarriage prospect.
In the month of October over 90 per cent, of all
the liability occurred in the coal mines, which
suggests that, in case it be considered that widows
will average on the fund longer than 10 years, an
assessment against the coal mines of iy3 per cent,
would have realized $15,000.00 additional premiums,
making $83,000.00 in all and if the same could
be placed out, so far as it would not be immediately
renuired, at 6 per cent, compounded annually,
the Widows' fund at $20.00 per month would
bold out for 23 yeais.
Had the coal mines been assessed 1% per cent.,
which would have realized $30,000.00 additional
premiums or $100,000.00 in all, and the balance
compounded annually at 6 per cent., the widows
could have pensioned indefinitely without drawing
on the principal, or, if compounded at 3 per cent.
annually, it would have pensioned the yvidows for
an average of 22 years.
If the estimate that the widows will not remain
on the fund longer than 10 years holds out, loans
and investments may be made as shown in Table I
From the above it will be seen that $2,500,000.00
together with the interest accruing thereon, may
be loaned or remain invested indefinitely, fhe entire
premium received after June 30, 1922, being
required to pay off the claim. Should the widows
remain on the fund longer than the average of 10
years, it would be necessary to draw on these invested
funds after June 30, 1922, but in any event
the money loaned during the first year need not
be called during the first 18 years.
Required
for
Compensation.
$185,000.00
300,000.00
360,000.00
420,000.00
480,000.00
540,000.00
600,000.00
660,000.00
720,000.00
Available
for
Investment.
$400,000.00
480,000.00
420,000.00
360,000.00
300,000.00
210,000.00
180,000.00
120,000.00
60,000.00
Total average for investment $2,560,000.00
To be
Invested
Monthly.
$50,000.00
40,000.00
35,000.00
30,000.00
25,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00

I have given you first, the main points of the
law and the results as we see them as near as they
can be estimated from information at hand, from
the operation of same for two months: October,
November.
The following forms are in use by the public
in the transaction of business with Division B of
the Public Service commission:
COLLECTIONS.
Form No. 1.—Application and subscription to
the fund. This is the first form used by an employer
desiring to subscribe to the Workmen's
Compensation fund and it gives information as
to the pay-roll for the months of October, November
and December are based. After January 1
a new form of application and subscription to the
fund will be used, which will be much shorter.
Form No. 2 is the notice of the premium due,
and form No. 3 the pay-in order to accompany
the payment of premiums to the treasurer.
Blanks for reporting actual pay-rolls for the
months of October, November and December are in
the course of preparation and will be sent to subscribers
to the fund wilthin the next few days.
After January 1, the actual pay-roll for the months
of October, November and December having been
ascertained, subscribers will be charged yvith the
actual premium based on such pay-roll, and if the
amounts theretofore paid to the fund by them are
in excess of such actual premium, the amount thus
over-paid will be credited to such employer; or,
if under paid, such amount will be charged to him.
These payments were made in advance, based on
estimated pay-rolls. After January 1 premiums
will be made on actual pay-rolls and will be payable
on or before the 25th clay of the month following
that for which payment is made. A combined
form is now being prepared, which will be
used for reporting pay-rolls and remitting premium.
DISBURSEMENTS.
Ill case of accident, the following blanks are
used:
Form No. 5.—First Notice of Injury. The use
of this form has been discontinued ancl is no longer
required.
Form No. 6.—Formal Application. This blank
is used as the formal application by the injured
person and is required in all cases.
Form No. 7.—Report of Physician. This report
must be ready by the attending physician and
must also be made in all cases.
Form No. 8.—Special Surgeon's Report. This
blank is not sent out generally but is used by the
Medical department when necessary.
Form No. 9.—General Affidavit. This blank is
sent out in certain cases by the Claim department
and is not generally used.
Form No. 10.—Formal Application in Fatal
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN 31
Cases. This is the formal application for compensation
made in cases of death. It is hoped
shortly to combine forms Nos. 6 and 10 so that
the same blank can be used in fatal and non-fatal
cases.
Form No. 11 is the certificate ot the employer in
fatal cases and form No. 13 is the certificate of the
employer in non-fatal cases; these two forms will
be used in both fatal and non-fatal cases.
Form No. 12 is not generally used. Form No.
14 is the doctor's fee bill.
It is hoped to still further consolidate and simplify
the reports so as to make it as easy as possible
to secure compensation consistent with furnishing
information winch is absolutely necessary.
When the necessary reports have been filed with
tbe commission they are made up by the claim
clerk and the medical examiner who make their
respective recommendations, after which the commission
passes on claims and makes awards.
Thereupon requisition is made upon the auditory
lor warrants to issue such awards, and the same
are mailed to the commission.
You will readily see from the above that the
burden of proof falls on the employer and the attending
physician and that it is important that
tbe employer keep a close watch on all accidents
and a careful record be made ancl kept in their
offices, in each case, so as to check any reports
coming from otner sources, bearing on any case
of injury; in order to protect the fund from impositions.
It is not necessary for me to comment on why
compensation is a benefit or why not. This
question has already been decided from the fact
that we have a compensation law. The matter
rests with the Public Service Commission and tbe
employers of the state of West Virginia, to administer
it to the best advantage possible. This
can only be done through hearty co-operation by
all employers of labor and the Public Service Commission,
and all information being furnished
promptly and as complete as possible.
In eonnection with the administration of the
Workmen's Compensation law, I do not think we
will have any trouble in collecting the proper information
in all cases of miners where they are
stationed at certain mines and are endeavoring
to make a living for themselves and their families.
and are willing to work at all times when there
is yvork to do. Our danger lies with the migratory
miner, who works at a certain mine a day or
a week, becomes dissatisfied, moves to the next
and so on; in search apparently of a place to work
yvhere there is more agitation, discord, and less
work to do. Those are the ones yvho will endeavor
to make up false claims in order to get benefits
from the compensation and then move to the next

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
place yvhere he will find more misery or comfort,
as the case may be.
From my personal experience in coal mines I am
familiar with dangerous practices connected with
the occupation of coal mining, such as shooting
off the solid, and the use of short fuses, which is
brought about by tbe enforcement of Ibe use of
permissible explosives in the mines where it is
necessary to use fuses instead of squibs. Thus in
eliminating the danger by the use of black powder,
we have created in many instances the danger as
mentioned above. In the matter of the reckless
running of trip to and from tbe mines by careless
motormen, and the failure of miners to properly
secure the roof against falling, miners who
ride on loaded trips between cars, and many other
practices which it is unnecessary for me to mention
as you are all familiar—I would suggest.
as a remedy to protect the Compensation fund that
upon your return home you inaugurate a system
of "Safety First" about the mines.
The United States Steel Corporation has adopted
the plan of a painted sign on a white board, with
a large red circle. I notice from their literature
that they have no patent right on this plan, and
anyone yvould be permitted to use it if they choose.
In line with the above thought I would suggest
that each party adopt a signal of this kind, using
a red circle, square or any sign (bat would meet
the conditions best; having this board large enough
to paint under the sign a notice calling the attention
of the employes to the particular dangers they
will come in contact with in that vicinity, having
numerous signs of this kind in conspicuous places
around the mines. Also take tbe matter up with
the mining foreman and get him interested in
tbe safety and better understanding of the mine
rules such as you have in use around the mines,
which if printed and posted may never be read
by half of the employes in and around tbe mines
unless the mining foreman keeps insisting upon it,
and drills it into the miners and laborers.
Tbe mining foreman being tiie most important
man in connection with the operation of the mines
as regards safety, he should instruct the men as to
their various duties, tbe best method of mining
and shooting coal, the propping of the roof, etc.
In accordance with our statutes he should visit
every working place at least every other day. and
while at tbe working place should instruct tbe men
as to* their various duties with reference to safety.
The mining foreman may be over-burdened with
duties and in order lo meet with the statutory requirements
he goes through the mine rushing up
to the face of a room where be finds two men at
work, one of them possibly working under a piece
of loose rock, and maybe both of them. He immediately
calls their attention to the loose rock, and
gives them orders to prop it, and starts on his
journey to the next room. Probably before reaching
the face of the next room he hears the alarm,
and returns to find that the roof to which he called
their attention has fallen, killing one or possibly
both of the men. The question is whether he has
fulfilled his duties when he gave the instructions
to secure the roof. I will say that he has not.
He should have remained long enough in the room
to definitely ascertain the condition of the root,
ordered the props set in the proper manner and
remained until the miners had accomplished the
work. In all probability he would have avoided
the accident. I could go on enumerating various
cither things that occur on his trip around Ihe
mines, some of them more dangerous than this.
All of tliese dangerous practices should be carefully
watched. He should get interested in these
matters with him, the boss driver, drivers and
track layers.
The employe whose duty it is to look after the
brakes on the mine cars should be deeply interested
in the safety of the drivers and niiners, as
bad brakes on the cars have already contributed a
number of accidents that have come to our attention.
In this connection I noticed a publication in
the Pittsburgh Dispatch a few yveeks ago which
gave some statistics as to the loss of life from
industrial accidents and occupational diseases,
which gave a striking total of the cost to the nacion.
The United States in the last year had
35,000 killed and 2,ff;J,000 injured fiom industrial
accidents, causing a loss to the industrial world
of $250,000,000.00 for the year. Besides this loss
the additional 4,000.000 deaths due to occupation
diseases seems slight, but is worth adding to the
total. With the heavy loss above mentioned it
is not bard to understand why the industrial world
is giving attention to the "Safety First" agitation.
Many of these accidents are clue to the carelessness
of the workmen. Men who are constantly
subjected to danger are liable to contract the idea
that the danger do>s not exist. Other accidents
are duo to the error of the employers, who are
gradually forced to learn better methods. You
will readily see the importance of starting a
"Safety First" campaign immediately, and getting
some method of keeping the idea of safety first
before all employes engaged within the state.
State Mine Safety Superintendent J. M. Roan
will ask the Ohio Industrial commission to recommend
to Gov. Cox that he send a special message
to the legislature favoring a law prohibiting the
use of carbide lamps in Ohio mines, as a result
of an investigation into the fatal explosion in the
Wheeling Creek mine.

CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
A bill has been introduced in the Maryland legislature
requiring coal operators to keep their miners'
tools sharpened and in proper order free of
charge. It is stated that the present practice is
for the companies to deduct one cent a ton from
the men's wages to cover cost of keeping tools in
repair.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
KANSAS COAL PRODUCTION
BY COMPANIES FOR 1912.
Plans have been perfected by the Louisville & Central Coal & Coke Co
1912.
742,478
Nashville for the expenditure of $45,000 for a coal­ Cherokee Pittsburg Mining Co 707,652
ing plant to replace that in the south yards at Western Coal & Mining Co 647,272
Paris, Ky. It will have a capacity of 12,500 tons M. K. & T. Coal Department 427,863
and three engines can be coaled simultaneously. J. R. Crowe Coal & Mining Co 348,898
Equipment will be installed to unload eoal as well Sheridan Coal Co 345,920
as to convey from the hoppers to the chutes. The Mayer Coal Co 296,228
Louisville & Nashville uses 500 tons of coal daily Wear Coal Co 251,672
at the local coaling station and this amount will Clemens & Son Coal Co 220,112
be greatly increased within the next few months. Geo. K. Mackey Fuel Co 195,596
Work on the plant will begin March 1.
Fidelity Coal & Mining Co 183,438
Home-Riverside Co
The Darms Coal Mining Co., Coaldale, Nov., has
Hamilton Coal & Mercantile Co
opened a seam of good coal at a depth of 300 feet.
Dickinson Coal Co
The vein is 14 inches thick and has been drifted
Cherokee Crescent Coal Co
on to a considerable distance. The company is Chapman Coal Co
arranging to sink the shaft deeper. Several seams
Pittsburg-Northern Coal Co
of coal have been discovered, and a good market
Spencer-Newlands Coal Co
for the product is available at Goldfield, Tonopah,
Fleming Coal Co
Manhattan and other towns.
Scammon Fuel Co
160,427
155,348
148,040
134,791
115,344
102,653
92,825
81,831
70,719
The Lackawanna Coal & Lumber Co. will develop
30,000 acres of coal nine miles from Seth,
W. Va., on Hopkins fork, a tributary of the Coal
river. A model village yvill be erected and the
mines will be modernly equipped in every way.
Kansas State Mine
Howe Coal Co
Nevins Coal Co
Carr Coal, Mining & Manufacturing Co.
McCormick Coal Co
Columbus Coal Co
68,807
67,903
63.467
59,111
57,507
53,610
The Winona Coal & Coke Co., Coffman, W. Va., Nevious-Coulter Coal Co 52,703
yvill build 60 new coke ovens of an improved type, J. R. Burnett Coal Co 50,008
yvill erect 20 new houses for miners and will make Norton Fuel Co 47,217
a new opening on its property.
J. J. Stephenson 42,527
Abbot Coal Co 38,805
The Central Coal & Coke Co., of Hartford, Ark., Girard Coal Co 35,608
announces that it will shortly spend between $150,- W. B. McCormick Coal Co 26,282
000 and $200,000 in opening a new coal mine near Girard Fuel Co 24.305
that place.
B. S. Chambers Coal Co 21.838
Kansas Fuel Co 20,851
The Deep Water Coal Co., Evansville, lnd., will La Belle Coal Co 18.546
build a river tipple at Henderson, Ky., with a Larson Bros. Coal Co 17,760
capacity of 1,200 tons of coal per day at a cost of Junior Coal & Mining (Jo 17,489
$225,000.
Weir Junction Coal Co 14.970
Jackson & Walker Coal Co
The Warner-Leonard Coal Co., Cleveland, O., will
Roy-Millner Coal Co
develop 500 acres of coal recently purchased in
L. J. Stephenson Coal Co
Washington county, Pa.
Labor Exchange, Branch No. 223
14,418
12,950
12.520
12.063
Diamond "B" Coal & Material Co
The Mc-Knight Coal Co., Brockwayville, Pa., will
Sixteen companies producing less than
develop 850 acres of coal near uoalport, Pa.
10,000 tons each
12,030
68,298
Total 6,348,396
'Compiled from statistics furnished by State Mine Inspector
Francis J. Keetran. for the fiscal year endine June
30 1912.
The Oak Hill Coal Co. and the Summit Mining
Co., two Indiana corporations, have been dissolved.

34
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MOVEMENT OF COAL AND COKE OVER EASTERN RAILROADS DURING
NOVEMBER AND ELEVEN MONTHS ENDING NOVEMBER 1912 AND 1913
Classes and
Railroads
ANTHRACITE:
Ii. & 0. © .....
C. & O. ®
Erie ©
Penna. Co. © ©
Virginian © ©
Total, 5 roads . .
BITUMINOUS:
13. & 0. ©
IS. R. & P. © ©
Buffalo & Susq. © ©
C. & O. ©
Erie ©
H. & B. T. M. © © . .
N. Y C. & H. R
N. & W. © ©
Penna. Co. © ©
P. & L. E. © ©
P. S. & N. © ©
Virginian © ©
Western Maryland . .
1912.
166,263
1,198
654,757
916.914
S3
1.730,215
November.
Slioi
:.S99 ,414
741 ,292
145 ,075
,264 ,490
37 ,973
11 t ,672
Ml 076
,S96 817
,934 87 6
:M;.X 615
196 266
316 504
247 2RR
fotal, 13 roads 13.578,328
COKE :
B. & O. ©
35,001
B. R. & P. © ©
54,755
Buffalo & Susq. © ©
C. & 0. ©
N. Y. C. & H. R
N. & XV. © ©
Penna. Co. © ©
P. & L. E. © ©
27,534
24,216
7,648
1 36,912
1,2 45,500
5 59,858
P. S. & N. © ©
Western Maryland .
6,800
Total, 10 roads 2,498,224
Total Coal and Coke, 13 roads:
1912.
January 16,421,839
February 17,787,331
March 19.483,025
April 13,429,367
May 15,635,568
June 16,702,153
July 16,635.448
1913.
18,936,646
17,546,491;
17.631.345
16,850,690
18,986.796
18,580,363
18.704,710
1913.
t Tons.
171,714
1,225
732,726
987,487
50
1,803,202
3,080,093
869,023
138,315
1,528,761
20,437
107,010
755,397
2.026.79S
4,509,375
1,101,622
227,820
421,971
218,876
15,005,504
343,387
27,509
22,621
28,535
117,807
999,500
4SS.674
4,430
2,032,463
11 Months Ending Nov. 30,
I ' ' ^
1912. 1913.
Short Tons.
1,433,485 1,398,052
21,909 15,864
6,857,482 8,016,552
9,275,631 9,699,210
180 959
17,588,687
31,331,345
7,569,563
1,391,497
15,745,385
258,043
1,126.409
7,481,979
20,945,681
42,162.485
10,496,591
1.815,537
3,266.604
2,569,878
146.160,997
4,3(17,525
496,975
255,198
237,303
80,585
1.334,855
12.128,463
5,731,593
5,155
64,424
.'4,702,076
1912.
\ugtisl IS,396,247
September 17,432,358
October IS,712,657
November 17,815,767
December 17,929,632
Total, 12 months. 206.3S1.392
19,131,237
33,732,240
8.907,011
1,645.656
15,716,S66
340,201
1,242,310
8,414,117
22,056,646
47.171,538
11.914,029
2,535,163
4,190,394
2,678,290
160,544,461
4.011,242
472,671
278.124
328,456
36,207
1.413.079
13,011,863
6,239,226
9,383
68,545
25,868,796
1913.
19.718,856
19,046,247
20,611.176
18,931,169
'Statistics compiled by the Bureau of Foreign an Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce.
©Includes coal received from connecting lines.
©Includes company's eoal.
©Does not include company's coal hauled free.
NOTE—The Southern Railway hauled 368,439 short, tons of bituminous coal during October, 1913,
and 3,495,721 short, tons during the 10 months ending October 31, 1913.
Figures compiled by the county commissioners
of Greene county, Pa., show that Josiah V. Thomp­
son of Uniontown, Pa., has coal holdings in that
county that aggregate 120,000 acres. A fair aver­
age value would be $200 an acre, making the value
of his holdings in one county $24,000,000.
The St. Clair Coal Co., Scranton, Pa., has elected
these officers: William H. Taylor, president: P.
M. Voyle, vice president: N. G. Taylor, secretary
and treasurer. The directors are: William H.
Taylor, P. M. Voyle, N. G. Taylor, E. R. Simpson
and John D. Higgins.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 36
PORTABLE ELECTRIC MINE LAMPS*
By H. H. Clarke. United States Bureau of Mines
Portable electric mine lamps are a comparatively
new development in this country, although
such lamps have been used in European mines for
some time
Wm. Maurice, in a lecture before the University
College of Nottingham, England, stated
that as early as 1SS7, 600 portable electric lamps
were installed in a colliery in South Wales. He
adds that the use of these lamps was eventually
discontinued, but that ten years later portable
electric lamps were used regularly in England
as a substitute for flame lamps, over 1,000 lamps
being in daily use by the latter part of 1899.
E. N. Zern stated in the Coal and Coke Operator
of March 14, 1912, that in 1904 several thousand
portable electric lamps were in use in the mines
of England and Belgium. Portable electric lamps
are now used extensively in European coal mines,
and in a portable electric lamp competition held
recently in England, 195 different lamps were entered.
For at least five years and probably for a
longer time, portable electric lamps have been
used here and there in the mines of this country
in the attempt to develop a satisfactory substitute
for the safety lamp.
Just at present American manufacturers and
mine operators are displaying a great deal of
interest in the development of portable electric
lamps, and the subject is therefore a timely one,
having also the acceptable quality of freshness
because portable electric mine lamps have not
been extensively considered in previous meetings
of this kind.
QUALITIES OF PORTABLE ELECTRIC MINE I.AMI'S.
A widespread knowledge of the qualities of any
new apparatus or device is most essential to its
successful introduction anywhere. In the early
days of any art the manufacturer states the qualities
of his product and the user takes it or leaves
it, as he chooses. As the art develops the user
can pick and choose, and finally a time arrives
when the user defines freely what qualities he
requires. Not until this period is reached can
an apparatus or device be considered as fully
developed The user of a device is the logical one
to specify its qualities If the user is obliged to
adapt his actions, operations, or equipment to the
limitations of the manufacturer the product of
such a manufacturer is not practicable in the fullest
sense of the yvord The measure of practicability
is the ability of the manufacturer to completely
satisfy the requirements of the user.
"Address delivered before the Coal Mining Institute of
America, Pittsburgh. Pa.. December 5, 1913.
Before the manufacturer can undertake to fulfill
his part of the contract the user must clearly
define what he requires, ancl therefore the determination
of the necessary qualities of portable
electric mine lamps is the first step in their consideration
SAFETY.
There are a number of qualities that an electric
lamp must have in order to make it acceptable
for mine use. Chief among these is safety. The
principal reason why the Bureau of Mines advocates
the adoption of the electric lamp is because
fire and explosion hazards yvill be decreased thereby.
It is therefore manifest that the electric
lamp itself must, not be a source of danger. The
Bureau proved by actual tests that the gloyving
filaments of portable electric lamps are capable
of igniting mine gas, but that sparks from portable
electric lamp equipments of not more than
six volts are not capable of igniting mine gas
unless the equipments are unusually large. When,
therefore, the Bureau decided to make tests to
establish the permissibility of lamps for use in
gaseous mines, sparks were ignored as not being
an element of danger, while safeguards were required
for the gloyving filaments.
Schedule 5, which was issued to announce the
Bureau's tests, contained the following paragraph:
"Permissible portable electric lamps shall be
so designed and constructed that under no circumstances
can the bulb of a completely assembled
lamp be broken while the lamp filament is
glowing at a temperature sufficient to ignite explosive
mixture of mine gas and air."
The Schedule gives in detail the requirements
of design, the character of the tests to which the
lamp is to be submitted, and the conditions under
which the tests will be made. Beyond requiring
that the mechanical construction of the lamps
should be rugged, no attempt was made to insure
the capacity, efficiency or practicability of the
lamps tested, although lamps that were manifesly
incomplete or inadequate for mine service yvere
not accepted for test. Therefore, it is clear that
the Bureau's approval of a lamp as permissible
means that the Bureau vouches for the safety of
the lamp but not for its capacity, time of burning,
or expense ancl care of maintenance.
PERMISSIBLE TESTS.
Iii response to the invitation contained in
Schedule 5, six lamps were submitted to the Bureau
for test. Three of these were not accepted
for test, being rejected on account of the inadequate
construction or lack of safety devices. The

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
other three lamps Were tested and after changes
were made in some of them, they were approved
as permissible for use in gaseous mines A description
of the tests made upon these lamps maybe
of interest.
It was the purpose of the tests to determine
whether, under any conditions whatever, gas
could become ignited from the glowing filaments
of the lamps. The usual test procedure was as
follows:
When the lamps were first received they were
carefully examined in order to determine what
kind of a blow would be most likely to cause
the safety devices to fail in the performance of
their function. The most dangerous conditions
being assumed, tests were made under these conditions
to determine whether or not the safety
devices would really prevent the filament from
igniting gas when the bulb was broken Other
tests were made to determine whether or not the
safety devices were so constructed that they would
give trouble by extinguishing the lamp when there
was no need of doing so, and finally tests were
made to determine the mechanical strength of
the battery and the battery casing
TESTS MADE ON THE CEAG LAMP.
The Ceag lamp is constructed for hand service,
and is the first lamp that was approved by the
Bureau as permissible for use in gaseous mines.
The safety feature of the lamp consists in suspending
the lamp bulb between two spiral springs in
such a manner that yvhenever either the bulb or
the glass dome that surrounds it is broken, the
electric circuit of the lamp will be broken.
The preliminary examination fthe lamp seemed
to indicate that there were only three possible
yvays in which the lamp could ignite gas.
1. It yvas conceivable that both the outer glass
and the bulb might be so broken that the electric
circuit would not be interrupted and the filament
would therefore continue to glow.
2. The bloyv breaking the dome and the bulb
might be of such a nature as to pin the bulb in
place so that it could not release from the circuit
even though the top spring were throyvn out of
position. The possibility that the safety devices
might fail as a result of either of the above occurrences
yvas investigated by 33 tests.
3. Even though the automatic devices operated
perfectly when the lamp was broken it was conceivable
that they would not operate fast enough
to interrupt the circuit before the gas became
ignited. The possibility of failure under such
circumstances yvas investigated by 13 tests.
The tests were made by placing the lamp inside
a sheet-iron box 18x18x24 inches, filled yvith the
most explosive mixture of Pittsburgh natural gas
and air, and provided with observation yvindows
' through which the phenomena occurring within
the box could be plainly seen. The lamps were
lighted and smashed by means of a tool shaped
like a pick point, which yvas driven against the
glass dome of the lamp with sufficient force to
break the glass dome and the bulb. In the tests
that were made to ascertain hoyv quickly the
safety devices acted, the bulb was not surrounded
by the glass dome, but was held in place by the
top spring, which was held in its usual position
by a yvooden block provided specially for the
purpose. The blows administered to the lamp
were sufficient to shatter both the outer dome and
the lamp bulb. Despite this fact, the filament
was not injured in nearly 40 per cent of the tests
made, and was prevented from igniting the gas
only by the operation of the safety devices, yvhich
did not fail to operate in any of the tests. One
of these Ceag lamps yvas dropped 15 times upon
a concrete floor from a point six feet above the
floor. Despite the severity of this test the lamp
was extinguished only three times and in each
case by the safety devices. The lamp was dropped
five times before the battery was injured at all,
and 12 times before a permanent leak was made
in the battery jar. After the lamp had been
dropped 15 times, it continued to burn for 16
hours before going out entirely.
TESTS MADE ON THE HIRSCH I.AMP.
This lamp is designed for cap service, and yvas
the second lamp approved by the Bureau as permissible
for use in gaseous mines. The safetydevices
with yvhich this lamp is equipped are
mounted in the headpiece and consist of an opencirculating
device yvhich protects the lamp against
blows from the side. The open-circuiting device
is operated by the breaking of a slip of window
glass that is mounted directly across the inner
surface of the bulls-eye glass with which the lamp
is provided. The breakage of this slip of glass
releases a spring that opens the circuit. The
short-circuiting of the lamp is accomplished as
follows:
The headpiece is made up of three concentric
shells separated but a short distance. The outer
and inner shell are connected to the positive pole
of the battery and the intermediate shell to the
negative pole These shells, of course, completely
surround the lamp bulb, and the theory of the
safety device is that the bulb can not be broken
without so jamming these shells together that
they will short circuit the battery and thus extinguish
the filament before it can ignite gas.
Forty-five tests were made upon this headpiece
by striking it yvith the following tools: A hammer,
a wooden mallet, a tool shaped like a miner's
pick, a piece of iron pipe, and a wooden club.
Some of these tests were made while the headpiece
was rigidly supported in various ways and
others were mad- while the headpiece was swing-

ing from the end of its cord. The blows were
struck yvith sufficient force to crush the headpieces,
to shatter the glass in almost every case,
and to punch holes completely through the shells,
but every time that the lamp bulb was broken the
safety devices extinguished the filament. In
some of the tests the lamp was protected by its
circuit breaker and in others by the short-circuiting
device.
In order to find out whether or not the safety
devices would extinguish the lamp when it was
necessary to do so, the headpiece and its cord
were dropped 10 times upon a concrete floor from
a point six feet above the floor. The safety devices
acted in only one test and the action was
considered to be necessary as the blow that
tripped the circuit breaker also shattered the
outer glass of the headpiece. These tests therefore
seemed to prove that the safety devices were
so designed that they would not cause the lamp to
become extinguished unless it yvas desirable that
it should be extinguished. This lamp was designed
to be interchangeable for cap service and
hand service, but its construction yvas considered
to be not sufficiently strong for hand service and
so it was approved for cap service only. The
nature of cap service being less severe upon the
battery than hand service, the dropping tests
upon the battery were made by dropping the battery
upon a wooden floor from a point three feet
above it. The battery was dropped only tyvice
before the battery jar was cracked, but the lamp
still gave its full amount of light after the battery
had been dropped 10 times.
TESTS MADE ON THE WICO LAMP.
This lamp is designed for cap service, and was
the third lamp approved by the Bureau as permissible
for use in gaseous mines. The safety
feature of this lamp consists in so mounting the
bulb that it is held in its socket by a wire stirrup
against the pressure of springs that act to eject
the bulb should the stirrup be removed or the
bulb broken. The tests made on this lamp were
similar to those made on the Ceag lamp because
the principle of the protective devices yvas the
same. Ten tests yvere made by mounting the
headpiece in the gas testing gallery and smashing
the bulb with a pick-pointed testing tool. In these
tests the outer glass was removed and the blow
directed against the naked bulb in order to determine
whether or not the ejecting spring acted
yvith sufficient speed to break the circuit before
the gas could become ignited. The device acted
perfectly in the 10 tests made. Ten similar tests
were then made yvith the outer glass in position,
and 10 other tests were made with the blowdirected
against the socket tube. Finally 10 tests
were made outside the gas testing gallery by
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
striking the headpiece with a mallet, a club, and
a piece of iron pipe. These latter tests were made
largely to determine the mechanical strength of
the various parts of the headpiece. In none of
the tests did the safety devices fail to exercise
their safeguarding function Ten tests were made
by dropping the headpiece and its cord upon a
concrete floor from a point six feet above it.
The safety device did not act in any of these
tests and consequently it yvas proven that a casual
jar would not extinguish the lamp. The lamp
being designed for cap service only, the dropping
tests on the battery were made by dropping upon
a wooden floor from a point three feet above it.
Ten tests yvere made altogether. The battery jar
did not develop a crack until it had been dropped
eight times. After the completion of the dropping
tests, the battery operated the lamp for 16 hours
at practically full brilliancy.
QUALITIES OTHER THAN SAFETY.
It yvill greatly assist us in our consideration of
portable electric mine lamps if we can establish
in our own minds a clear idea of yvhat such a
lamp should be capable of doing. Of course different
opinions will be held as to the merit and
desirability of this or that particular feature, but
I believe that yve can all agree upon the main
heads under which our various opinions can be
grouped.
The first requisite of a lamp is the production
of light and for mining service a lamp should
burn steadily and with undimmed brilliancy for
a certain number of hours of every day in the
year.
The next requisite is lightenss, that is a lamp
should not yveigh so much that it hampers a man's
movements or becomes a burden to him.
The next requisite is a cost of operation and
maintenance consistent with the yvork done and
the benefits received.
There is another requisite that is important
but so well recognized as not to require discussion
and that is the prevention of the leaking or
spilling of electrolyte while the lamps are in use.
If we assume that this last mentioned requirement
does not need further consideration, we can
group the qualifications of portable electric lamps
under three main heads as follows:
Weight
Cost
Capacity.
WEIGHT.
The weight of a lamp can be easily ascertained
and each prospective user of a lamp must decide
for himself whether or not the weight is excessive.
COST.
Under the head of cost would be included the

3.
first cost of the equipment as yvell as all proper
charges for operating and maintaining the lamp.
Some of these charges will vary with each installation
and whether or not the cost is excessive
yvill depend someyvhat upon the conditions
that surround each case.
CAPACITY.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The capacity of a lamp is taken to mean the
lamp's ability to produce the proper amount of
light for the proper number of hours per day
every day in the year if need be. A lamp that
can do this with the fewest interruptions has the
greatest capacity for performing the duty for
which the lamp is intended. The capacity of a
lamp as thus defined takes into consideration not
only the ampere hour capacity of the battery and
the efficiency of the lamp bulb, but also the life of
battery plates, the mechanical strength of parts,
and the resistance to wear and tear.
REQUIREMENTS AFFECTING CAPACITY.
I yvish now to discuss the requirements that
affect the capacity of lamps as we have just defined
it. These requirements are:
1. The proper amount of light.
2. The proper time of burning each day.
3. Reasonable interruptions of service and bowoften
they may occur.
THE PROPER AMOUNT OF LIGHT.
A true measure of the illuminating power of a
portable electric lamp must consider not only
the intensity of light (or candlepoyver) but also
the (solid) angle over which the intensity is
maintained. An intensity of light of one candlepower
maintained all around a lamp results in
twice as much light as if maintained only half
way around the lamp. The term "flux" is used
by illuminating engineers to designate the product
of intensity and its angle, since this product represents
the light that flows out of a lamp. The
unit of flux is called a lumen and is about 8/100
of the total flux of light produced by a source of
one (spherical) candlepower.
The term candlepoyver used without qualification
is not only confusing but really meaningless.
if all sources of light distributed light equally
in all directions then a single measurement of
their candlepower would suffice to compare them.
Practically, however, sources of light differ a
great deal in the yvay they distribute light, and
this is especially true if reflectors are used.
Therefore, if a lamp is stated to give two candlepower
the statement should also explain
yvhether "head on" candlepower is meant, or average
candlepower over the stream of light, or average
candlepower in a given plane—such as for
instance the horizontal A lamp that uses a reflector
may have a "head on" candlepower 3 to
10 times the average candlepower over its entire
stream of light Generally it is best to state the
average eandlepoyver of a lamp instead of the
candlepoyver at a single point or group of points.
A statement of the candlepower of a lamp does
not sufficiently define its light giving capacity. A
100 candlepoyver lamp is seemingly 33 times as desirable
as a 3 candlepoyver lamp and yet a 100
candlepoyver lamp shining through a hole 1/2 inch
in diameter gives less actual light and much less
useful light than a 3 candlepower lamp shining
through a hole 3 inches in diameter Therefore,
in order properly to define the light—giving capacity
of a lamp a statement must be made regarding
both the candlepoyver and the total flux
of ligt (or lumens) produced by the lamp.
The selection of proper lower limits of intensity
of light and of flux of light os, aside from safety,
the most important thing in the consideration of
portable electric lamps Without these standards
of reference accurate and intelligent comparison
of lamps is not possible In an attempt to establish
such loyver limits the Bureau searched for
some time for standards yvhich should be fair,
not too low in value, not arbitrarily selected, and
yvhich should bear an easily recognized relation
to something already in use.
It was finally decided to prepare a standard
Wolf safety lamp to give its best performance
and. after adjusting the flame height to 1 inch,
measure the average intensity of the stream of
light and also the total flux of light in the stream.
This was accordingly done at two different times,
using different lamps, prepared by different men,
and tested with different instruments of different
types. The first measurements were made by Dr.
L. C. Grondahl of Carnegie Institute of Technology
and the second measurements were made by
the author of this paper. The results of the two
tests checked within a very few per cent.
The lamp used was a Wolf Miner's safety lamp,
1907 model, round burner, burning 70°-72° naphtha,
and prepared and trimmed in accordance
with the standard practice of the Bureau of Mines.
The average intensity of light stream as determined
by these tests yvas a trifle under 0.4 candlepower
and the total flux of light was found to be
not quite 3.0 lumens.
The Bureau therefore concluded that a satisfactory
lower limit of flux of light for hand lamps
would be 3.0 lumens and a satisfactory lower
limit of average intensity would be 0.4 candlepoyver.
The Bureau suggests that lamps designed to be
yvorn upon the cap should give the same intensity
of light as that required for hand lamps, but
that the minimum flux of light required from cap
lamps should be not more than half the minimum
(Continued on Page 45.)

NEW ENTERPRISES
Conemaugh Smokeless Coal Co., Johnstoyvn, Pa.;
capital, $500,000: incorporators, George T. Robinson,
Westmont; H. H. Weaver, Southmont, and
John Walters, W. J. Kuntz, Frank P. Baerhardt
and H. XV. Bole, Johnstoyvn, Pa.
Lidalia Coal Co., Johnstown, Pa.: capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, L. XV. Preston, J. W. Preston
ancl Bruce H. Campbell, all of Johnstown.
Washington Coal & Coke Co., Providence, Ky.;
capital, $3,000; incorporators, Henderson Foxwell,
James A. Foxyvell and Ley Foxwell.
Winton Coal Co., Grand Junction, Col.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, Susie B. Fletcher, Howard
G. Fletcher and Susan J. Winton.
National Fuel Co., Uniontown, Pa.; capital, $10,-
000; incorporators, M. A. Kiefer, C. R. Wilson and
D. W. Henderson, Uniontoyvn.
Hazardtoyvn Coal Co., Barbourville, Ky.; capital,
$30,000; incorporators, W. M. Jones, O. C. Mc-
Clung and J. B. Eversoie.
Economy Coal Co., Marion, Mo.; capital, $60,-
000; incorporators, Hosea V. Ferrell, S. H. Goodall
and George C. Campbell.
Greene County Coal Co., Pittsburgh: capital, $5,-
000; incorporators, J. A. Lager, L. R. Martin and
R. T. Rossel, Pittsburgh.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
Warren Park Coal Co., Chicago; capital, $15,000;
incorporators, Clayton W. Mogg. James R. Gunn
and F. G. Spears.
PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
IN 1913 BY DISTRICTS.
ELEVENTH IlITt'.M INOL'S DISTRICT.
Campbell, Peacock & Kinzer, Inc., Philadelphia; H. C. Frick Coke Co
capital, $25,000; incorporators, N. W. Campbell,
Keystone Coal & Coke Co
Collingswood, N. J.; Chauncey H. Peacock, Philadelphia;
S. L. I!. Kinzer, Lansdoyvne, Pa.
Washington Coal & Coke Co
3,277,517
1,SS9,839
1,425,291
Mount Pleasant-Connellsville Coke Co...
Cumberland Cannel Coal Co., of Welch, W. Va.;
capital, $55,000; incorporators, Jas. P. Flannagon,
W. J. Rainey
350,157
192,232
of Welch: E. T. McGlade, of Chicago, ancl J. M. Clare Coke Co 111.S06
Clay, of Louisville, Ky.
Bessemer Coke Co 84,981
Ohio-Guyan Coal Co., Cleveland, O.; capital,
$850,000; incorporators. S. C. Mathews, David E.
Evans. T. E. Rook, J. A. Orgill and J. J. Power,
all of Cleveland.
Mount Pleasant Coke Co
Veteran Coke Co
Greensburg Coal Co
Wilkey & Feather Coke Co
Magee Coke Co
78,079
75,370
49,841
39,0o0
32,978
Central City Smokeless Coal Co., Johnstoyvn, Pa.; Northern-Conn ellsvilte Coke Co 32.802
capital, $25,000; incorporators, C. H. Whallen, Connellsville-Mutual Coke Co 26,231
Shanksville; J. Frank Nisley and H. Carl Sorber, Connellsville Coke Co 24,553
Johnstoyvn.
Brush Run Coal & Coke Co 24.402
Timblin Coal Co., Knoxdale, Pa.; capital, $5,000;
West Penn Coke Co
incorporators, Jacob Hopkins, Wayne Anderson,
Youghiogheny Coal Co
.1. R. Bailey. Joseph Knabb and Clyde Cann, Knox­
Perry Coke Co
23,270
21,180
3,075
dale.
Total 7,762,664
Deep Vein Coal Co., Waterloo. la.; capital, $24,-
000; incoiporatois: President. Robert Heaps; secretary,
Charles H. Heinie; treasurer, Frank Wal­
D. R. BLOWER, Inspector.
ters.
r\V i:\TY-FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Pittsburgh Gas Coal Co 1,697,S15
Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Co.... 1,385,519
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co.. 1,017,519
Penn-Mary Coal Co 673,511
Russell Coal Co. (Rembrandt Peale) 425,212
Graceton Coke Co 222,407
Pioneer Coal Co 199,432
Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corporation,. 188,219
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co 183,536
Townsend Coal Co 101,253
Graff Coal Co 82,237
Coal Run Mining Co 66,352
Wharton Coal & Coke Co 57,488
Bells Mill Coal Co 41,067
Robert Smith Coal Co 2S.693
Brush Creek Coal Mining Co 26,451
Tide Coal Mining Co 9,871
Clymer Brick & Fireclay Co 9,483
Hines Coal Co 4,120
Auld Run Coal Co 2,384
Total 6,422,569
THOMAS S. LOWTIIER, Inspector.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SIXTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Pennsylvania Coal Co 3,156,933
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 665,072
Hudson Coal Co 660,372
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 573,863
Delaware & Hudson Co 259,254
Traders Coal Co 104,508
Wilkes-Barre Collirye Co 61,320
McCauley Coal Co 46,364
Total 5,530,686
NINTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
H. MCDONALD, Inspector.
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co 1,545,460
Delaware & Hudson Co 1,222,452
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Coal Co. 1,154,632
Kingston Coal Co 1,102,511
Plymouth Coal Co 156,273
George F. Lee Coal Co 111,905
West Nanticoke Coal Co 35,978
Bright Coal Co 19,987
Total 5,349,198
SEVENTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
D. T. DAVIS, Inspector.
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co 4,324,561
A. S. Van Wickle Estate 284,763
Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc 257,711
Evans Colliery Co 30,4S0
Moses Neyer 5,334
Total 4,902,849
TWENTY-FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
ISAAC M. DAVIES, Inspector.
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 523.411
Hudson Coal Co 410,511
Scranton Coal Co 365,650
Lackawanna Coal Co 343,609
Connell Anthracite Mining Co 331,S09
Mount Jessup Coal Co 307,184
Moosic .Mountain Coal Co 251,207
Northwest Coal Co 1S7.77S
Northern Anthracite Coal Co 169,798
Dolph Coal Co 113,213
O'Boyle-Foy Anthracite Coal Co 84,453
Carbondale Coal Mining Co 31,672
Noble-Williams Coal Co 10.227
Clinton Fall's Coal Co 6,868
Wachna-Taylor Anthracite Coal Co 6,853
Sacandaga Coal Co 1,610
Total 3,145,853
BENJAMIN MAXEY, Inspector.
TyVENTIETH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co.. 1,181,401
Summit Branch Mining Co 946,670
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 288,844
Total 2,416,915
CHARLES J. PRICE, Inspector.
Mr. John B. Reed, a Bedford county, Pa., coal
operator, died at the Providence hospital, Washington,
D. C, recently, aged 57 years. Before
he yvas 20 years of age, he entered the coal business
with his father and when he attained his
majority be yvas made manager of the furnaces at
Saxton. He is survived by four brothers and one
sister, William W. and Winfield S. of Dudley, Wilmer
of Saxton, E. P. of Bakerton and Mrs. R. H.
Powell of Ardmore. Interment was made at Huntingdon.
The exports of eoal from the United States for
November, 1913, yvere 329,652 Ions of anthracite,
valued at $1,653,308; 1,313,125 tons of bituminous
valued at $3,245,904, and 73.502 tons of coke valued
at $276,5S6. For the 11 months of the year the
exports were 3,927,995 tons of anthracite, worth
$20,726,311; 16,856,781 tons of bituminous valued
at $42,471,350, and S05.320 tons of coke worth
$3,014,669.
An order was signed recently at Baltimore, Md.,
by Judge Duffy, dissolving the old corporation, the
Georges Creek Coal & Iron Co.. v.hich yvas incorporated
in 1836. John S. Gittings was named as
receiver to distribute the assets. He furnished a
$100,000 bond. A bill, asking for the dissolution
of the old concern yvas filed in the Circuit court as
far back as October, 1911.
Imports of coal into the United States for November
yveie 49 tons of anthracite, yvorth $274;
112,059 tons of bituminous, worth $319,758, and
11,016 tons of coke yvorth $55,603. For the eleven
months the imports yvere 913 tons of anthracite,
worth $5,635; 1.24S.796 tons of bituminous, worth
$3,396,6SS, and 7S.913 tons of coke, worth $367,854.
Seventy coke ovens of the Illinois Steel Co. at
Gary, Inch, have been fired after having been idle
for several months, and more than 1,000 men have
been given work at the South Chicago plant of the
corporation.
A receiver for the Lilly Coal Co., Lilly, Pa., has
been asked for by one stockholder. There are no
financial difficulties, but just a failure among the
stockholders to agree on operating methods.

THE TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SURVEY
COMMISSION ISSUES ITS BIENNIAL RE­
PORT.
The biennial report of the topographic and geologic
survey commission of Pennsylvania recently
has been issued. It briefly recounts the progress
of the topographic and geologic work in the state
during the years 1910-1912, and contains some
short papers of great interest.
The area of Pennsylvania is 45,126 square
miles, and for the purposes of the topographicmap
it is divided into quadrangles of 15 minutes
on each side. The state lines do not coincide
with the quadrangle lines, and the completed
map will be composed of about 240 quadrangles, a
portion of some of them being in adjoining states.
Already 137 quadrangles have been mapped, comprising
an area of 23,322 square miles, or 51.7 per
cent of the area of the state. These maps are
printed by the United States geological survey in
three colors, black representing the culture, blue
the water, and brown the surface relief, by contours
with an interval of 20 feet.
A list of the publications of the second geological
survey of Pennsylvania is included in the
report. While these old reports are not now
available for distribution, yet the list is of value
as showing in what reports of that survey information
is to be found regarding any particular
portion of the state. This is followed by a list
of the publications of the present survey and a
list of the publications of the United States geological
survey relating to Pennsylvania geology.
While these lists are by no means a bibliography
of Pennsylvania geology, they quite fully cover
the official publications relating to the state.
A preliminary report on the York valley limestone
belt, by M. L. Jandorf, which is well illustrated,
gives in nontechnical language a description
of this area. Included in the report are descriptions
of the several quarries and the character
of the products of each. Numerous analyses
add to the value of the report.
A paper by Dr. A. E. Ortman, on the geological
origin of the fresh water fauna of Pennsylvania,
shows the relation of geology to zoology. Dr.
Ortman traces the life history of a number of
our fresh water forms of life and the character
and extent of their distribution, and shows that
the distribution was in preglacial times, from the
upper Ohio river region through a preglacial St.
Lawrence river into the Atlantic waters, thus
confirming the other lines of evidence regarding
the direction of the flow of the rivers preceding
the great ice age.
A short paper by Lloyd B. Smith described the
occurrence of a peridotite dike in Fayette and
Greene counties. This occurrence is unique,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
being the second of the kind in the Appalachian
region. While this dike has been known for
many years, nothing has been recorded as to its
extent, indeed it was not mentioned in the Folio
of the United States geological survey covering
this area.
The report closes with a short review of the
mineral production of the state. Both the quantity
and value of the output of minerals is steadly
increasing. The output of anthracite coal in-
NEW MANAGER OF VESTA MINES J
MR. H. B. N. LOUTTIT.
He gets around on the job as may be seen in the picture.
Mr. Louttit has taken charge as general manager of the
Vesta Coal Company, California, Pa.
creased from 66,613,454 tons in 1903 to 75,503,124
tons in 1910, or 13 per cent, while the value rose
from $152,000,000 in 1903 to $160,000,000 in 1910,
or slightly over 5 per cent, the average price per
ton in 1903 being $2.27, and in 1910 but $2.13 per
gross ton.
In 1903 the output of bituminous coal was 103,-
000,000 tons, yvhich increased to 150,000,000
tons in 1910, over 45 per cent., but the
value of the same rose from $121,000,000 in 1903
to $153,000,000 in 1910, or 26 per cent, a decline
in the average price of 16 cents per net ton.

42
One-half million tons of bituminous coal are
mined in Pennsylvania every working day, and
1,000,000 are mined each week in the two counties
of Westmoreland ancl Fayette.
Other mineral products given are coke, portland
and natural cement, clay products, iron ore
(of which Pennsylvania produced in 1910 over
700,000 gross tons), petroleum and natural gas,
stone, slate ancl lime.
A copy of this report can be obtained by those
interested by addressing Richard R. Hice, stategeologist,
Beaver, Pa.
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS W
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Trustee C. A. Showacre of Moundsville, W. Va.,
Pennsylvania in four years produced more than
has sold the property of the Panama Coal Co.,
its nearest competitor in 80 years. Only Ohio
consisting of 77 acres of land, tippie, machinery
ancl West Virginia have yielded a greater tonnage
and tracks, south of Moundsville, to the Wheeling
in all these years than Pennsylvania alone pro­
Coal & Coke Co. The sale yvas conducted by the
duced last year. Ohio produced some coal prior
trustee and the price was $12,000.
to 183S, but not until that year were the figures
sufficient for the field to be classed separately. In The Chicago Coal Dealers' association has
1S3S the state tinned out 119,952 tons. In 1858
the 1,000,000-ton mark was crossed. Two years
prior to that Pennsylvania had entered the 10,000,changed
its name to the Chicago Coal Merchants'
association. The board of directors has been increased
to 15 members instead of 10, and a num­
000-ton list, but Ohio was the first other state to
reach 1,000,000 tons a year. In 1912 Buckeye
state mines yielded 34,528,000 tons, bringing the
ber of new members have been taken into the organization.
total production of the state in 70 years to 646,- The Harlan Coal Mining Co., of Louisville, Ky.,
478,049 tons; but in 1912 alone Pennsylvania pro­ has awarded a contract to the Roberts & Schaefer
duced 246,200,000 tons.
Co., Chicago, for a new mine plant at Coxton, Ky.
Contract price, $25,000.
The years 1912 and 1913 have established a new
record in coal production in the United States. In The Blair Run Coal Co. has sold to E. B. Hen­
the year 1912. there were 534.466.5SO short tons of derson of Brookville. Pa., and T. M. Kurtz of Punx-
eoal produced, notwithstanding the fact thot dursutayvney, Pa., 850 acres of coal near Coalport, Pa.,
ing the period of negotiations in 1912 production
was discontinued completely in the anthracite from
for $60,000.
April 1 until tbe latter part of May, and in tlie The stockholders of the Sunnyside Coal Co.,
bituminous fields, except in the Southwestern and Johnstown, Pa., have elected these directors:
Intermountain districts, all of the month of April, Howard E. Miller. George W. Reese, William J.
and in some districts, pending final negotiations, Watkins, Samuel Maxwell and Charles S. Ling.
until some time in May. It is estimated that the
tonnage for 1913 will approximate 575,000,000 short
tons, or an increase over 1912 of nearly 40,000,000
tons.
During* the year 1913 the exports of coal from
Baltimore were 970,751 tons, valued at $2,337,337.
The 1912 exports were 628,522 tons, valued at $1,-
057,933.
The port authorities at Marseille. France, have
reserved 241,114 square feet of the sea yvall of the
National and Pinede basins for tbe handling of
coal imports. This space is divided into 24
berths, which are rented to the leading importers
and the subsidized mail steamers. The cargo is
discharged by means of floating or electric cranes.
Consignments of coal to Marseille rarely exceed
5,000 or 6.001) tons, oyving to lack of necessary facilities
for handling large cargoes with rapidity.
The new Madrague basin, which yvill not be com­
pleted before 1916, yvill contain quays 8,478 feet
long. It is not known, however, whether any of
this space will be reserved for handling foreign
eoal.
The continued recurrence of coal mine disasters
calls for renewed and more earnest efforts to prevent
them. Both the miner and the mine owner
must make this effort. Each must co-operate yvith
tbe other in trying to prevent these disasters by
seeing that every known precaution is followed,
that no unnecessary risks are taken, and that
every state law and every mine rule for safety
is strictly obeyed by every man working in or
about a mine.
The Springfield Coal Co., Springfield, Mo„ has
been placed in receivership and Francis S. Peabody
has been named as receiver by the courts.
The Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co. has declared
its regular quarterly dividend of 2 per cent., payable
Feb. 28 to stockholders of record Jan. 31.
Howard A. Steinly was appointed receiver for
the Barnard Coal Co., by the court at Clarksburg,
XV. Va.. recently

KEYSTONE MINING INSTITUTE
HEARS OF YEAR'S WORK.
The Keystone Mining Institute held its fifth
annual dinner at Greensburg, Pa., Feb. 7, and President
William Nisbet took time to tell the 170 or
more pit bosses, fire bosses, mine superintendents
and other Keystone officials and guests just what
had been accomplished during the past year.
President Nisbet read regrets from several of the
honor guests who were unable to be present. President
L. B. Huff of the Keystone company yvas detained
on business out of town and the following
letter was read to the diners:
Mr. William Nisbet, President,
Keystone Mining Institute,
Greensburg, Pa.
My Dear Sir:—On account of his absence from
Greensburg we have delayed answering Mr. L. B.
Huff's invitation to the Fifth Annual Banquet of
the Keystone Mining Institute in the hope that
he might return in time to accept personally. I
am sorry to say that I have advices from him today
that he will not return in time to attend and
he asks me to write you and say how sorry he is
to be away, and to extend to you and the other
members of the institute his best wishes for a very
enjoyable evening.
Very truly yours,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
JULIAN B. HUFF.
Julian B. Huff also was called away at tbe last
moment and could not attend the affair.
President Nisbet's address follows:
Gentlemen and Members of the Keystone Mining
Institute:
It is with great pleasure that I greet you on
this your fifth anniversary. Your committee has
very wisely arranged that this coming together
should be more of a social affair than speech making.
I am sure I will not take much of your time
up with anything I yvill say.
At our meetings during the year we have had a
pleasant and profitable time together. Several
good papers have been read by members, and fully
discussed. We spent three whole meetings discussing
the Mine Law, so that we might understand
it better, and many other things were discussed
whereby we might be able to better instruct
the men under our charge to protect themselves
from accidents. I do not think that this should
pass without mentioning the great interest that
you took in first aid to the injured at our annual
meet last June. You made a splendid showing,
no less than IS teams competing and it was a hard
matter for the judges to decide which team should
have the silver cup, presented by Col. L. B. Huff,
and as you know several of the teams tied for the
cash prizes, but the officers of the Keystone Coal
& Coke Co. gave till the teams that tied the same
money prize. We are now into 1914, and the last
report sent out by the state was 1911. I am sure
that many ol us miss the uselul information in
these reports so that while we know what we are
doing ourselves yve do not know what our neighbors
are doing. The year just closed, J am sorry
to say, that our fatal accidents were some higher
than 1912. We had 14 fatal accidents inside and
one outside. Of course, we had some of an increase
in production, having over 4,000,000 tons.
I am sure it is a great pleasure to us to have these
invited guests with us and I wish for you all a
very pleasant evening.
The success of the affair was clue largely to the
efforts of the committee in charge, the officers of
the institute: President Nisbet, Vice President
James Duncan, Secretary George J. Loughran ancl
Treasurer Jacob Kurtz.
The honor guests present included: Messrs. F.
B. Miller. H. F. Bovard, R. W. Herbert, E. M.
Gross, F. W. Frazier, A. X. Pershing, R. G. .Mangold,
P. J. Walsh, Alex Coulter, Dr. L. Offutt, .Mike
Bracken XV. S. Rial, J. D. Wentling. R. E. Mason,
J. H. Stockberger, H. F. Highberger, D. R. Blower,
H. Burkett. R. J. Hunter, E. E. Hewitt, H. C.
Hutton, Robert Morris, Col. M. F. Null, ('. M. Hornberger,
Grant Davidson, Wm. Strickler Jones,
Fred Lang, E. A. Cramer, C. P. Crowell, Geo. Detar,
R. G. Dawson. M. F. Fux and Dr. Latermer.
The members of the institute at the affair were
as follows:
James McGill, C. Riddle, John Hilwig, David
Clark, A. B. Blackburn, Ad. Errott, Charles McGill,
Arthur Yoder, F. K. Woodward, H. H. Null. F. E.
Maddox, Harry Atberton, R. Cole, A. M. Akey,
Samuel Campbell, D. L. Baker, F. Newhouser, A.
W. White. Robert Callahan, John Constable. C. P.
Markle, Charles Dally, H. L. Good, Robert Anderson,
Hank Anderson, John Erskin, W. E. Henderson,
Jacob Kurtz, W. J. Eustis, Albert Eustis, R.
J. Tourney, Robert Kaine, R. W. Sterrett, John
Girau, Peter Murphy, R. H. Shaw, N. A. Michelson,
Wm. Connor, J. E. Kistler, Jas. Dawson, Harry
Holm, Wm. Glover. W. D. Painter, .lohn S. Taylor,
L. Hanger, Henry Welty, John Strasser, John
McDevitt, Robert Nisbet, Harry McDevitt, Thomas
Davis, David Fulton, Logan Uplinger, James Duncan,
Geo. J. Loughran, George Hutchinson, II.
Fleming. Harry Lingle. G. M. Sanner. Ralph Nichols,
Sam Koch, John Cummings, L. L. Garlow.
James Nisbet, Robert Laney. James McMahon, G.
Erickson, L. Seabury, George Wagner, Joe Logan,
Joe Lloyd. Ralph Harrison, Alex Duncan, Thomas
O'Neil, Win. Watt, Wm. Thomas, Robert Harrison,
James Adams, Eclw. Bytheway, August Steiner,
Robert Lloyd, James Murphy, Hass Malone, Paul
B. Walker, Andy Bonkovich, James Lloyd, R. New-

44
house, Foster Cook, S. V. Alwine, H. S. Laughlin,
J. Leonard, Mike McCartney, E. C. Taylor, W. A.
Kull, R. Heaner, J. H. Hutchinson, T. Sigafors,
XV. .McDonald, C. S. Benford. J. E. Potts, J. W.
Smith. Steve Wassilshuck, B. Blythestone, J. Weinschenker,
J. C. Potts, W. W. Laughlin, H. T.
Knight. J. G. Wilson, R. Z. Beacom, Martin Shopsky,
John Kane, Michael Adams, Peter Law-son,
Harvey Taylor, Patrick Britt, Thomas Steiner,
Peter Rhoades, Charles Bytheway, A. M. Stevens,
R. Brubaker, John Mackey, H. L. Mears, George
Weightman, Robert Weightman, J. C. Schrader,
E. J. Howell, G. E. Sisley, J. A. Willis, G. N.
Brinker, John Clancy, Louis Albion. Jos. Marks,
and William Nisbet.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Total 364,937
The engagement is announced of .Mr. Percy C.
Madeira, Jr., of Madeira, Hill & Co., of Philadelphia,
and Miss Margaret Carey, a prominent society
woman of Baltimore, Md.
IDLE CARS SHOW SLIGHT DECREASE.
The report of the American Railway association
Mr. D. C. Bottling is the new commissioner of issued Feb. 7, giving the car surplussages and
the Operators' association of the state of Washing­ shortages, shoyvs:
ton. He formerly was state coal mine inspector. Surplussages:
Mr. John D. Galloyvay has been appointed assistant
provincial mineralogist, for British Columbia,
w-ith headquarters in Victoria.
Mr. M. D. Kirk has been appointed chief engineer
of the Davis Coal & Coke Co. with office at Cumberland,
Md., effective Feb. 9.
Mr. William R. Wilson, general manager for the
Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co., has been ill at his
home in Fernie, B. C.
VIRGINIAN SHIPMENTS.
Coal shipments over the Virginian railway in
tons for the month of December, 1913, were:
Coal: Net Tons.
Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern R. R 35,670
New River Collieries Co 32,787
E. E. White Coal Co 31,274
Slab Fork Coal Co 28,219
Loup Creek Colliery Co 25,593
E. E. White Coal Co 19,363
Gulf Smokeless Goal Co 18,578
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 17,584
MacAlpin Coal Co 17,323
Winding Gulf Colliery Co 14,667
Raleigh Coal & Coke Co 12,069
PERSONAL
a Mr. T. H. Tinney, for seven years member of
the State Board of Mine Examiners, and former
foreman at Docina mine, has succeeded Inspector
W. R. Ray in tbe Fourth district of Alabama.
Chief State Mine Inspector Nesbitt made public
the change in the present corps of mine inspectors
Feb. 3, Mr. Tinney having taken charge Feb. 1.
New River Collieries Co
Lon Branch Coal Co
The New River Co
Bailey Wood Coal Co
Gulf Coal Co
Sullivan Coal & Coke Co
Lynwin Coal Co
The New River Co
The Nev,' River Co
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co
The New River Co
10,822
10,192
9,989
8,852
8,828
7,530
5,433
5,408
4,975
4,784
4,693
It was announced at th_ offices of the Pennsyl­ The New River Co 4,240
vania Coal & Coke Corporation at Patton, Pa., Feb. The New River Co 3,830
4, that Mr. H. C. Yerger, superintendent of the Meade Pocahontas Coal & Coke Co 3,407
company's operations has r*.*signed and will be suc­ Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co 3,347
ceeded by Mr. A. L. Sommerville of Arcadia, In­ The New River Co 3,128
diana county.
The New River Co 2,981
Tbe New River Co
Mr. Robert B. Maloney has been appointed gen­ Woodpeck Coal Co
eral superintendent of the mines of the Davis Coal Pemberton Fuel Co
& Coke Co., with offices at Thomas, W. Va., in the Mount Hope Coal & Coke Co
place of Mr. Harry Sharp, yvho resigned to enter City Coal Co
business for himself.
2,684
2,624
2,313
1,655
95
Feb. 1, 1914 211,960
Jan. 15, 1914 217,274
Feb. 1, 1913 62,045
Shortages:
Feb. 1, 1914 2,282
Jan. 15, 1914 2,385
Feb. 1. 1913 24,785
These figures show a net surplus of 209,670 cars
compared with 214,889 Jan. 15 and 37,260 cars a
year ago.

Portable Electric Mine Lamps.
(Continued from Page 38.)
demanded from hand lamps, because when a
lamp is worn upon the head any light that is
thrown to the rear is wasted. If the equivalent
of a safety lamp were counted upon a man's head
one-half of its light would fall behind the man
and thus could not be used. Therefore the Bureau
concluded that 1.5 lumens would be a satisfactory
lower limit for the flux of light produced by a
cap lamp.
PROPER TIME FOR BURKING EACH DAY.
Twelve hours was selected by the Bureau as a
reasonable time of burning. This length of time
was selected after consultation with several people
outside of the Bureau, who yvere competent to
express an opinion in regard to the subject.
The necessary daily time of burning of a lamp
will not be everywhere the same, but when everything
is considered 12 hours does not seem to be
unduly long. A lamp should be able to give the
required light up to the time when the exhausted
condition of the battery required that the discharge
be stopped in order not to impair the battery.
Therefore, at least an hour of burning
should be alloyved over and above the usual requirements
of the miner in order not to push the
battery too hard in an emergency ancl to allow
for possible incomplete charging.
REASONABLE INTERRUPTIONS OF SERVICE.
The only interruptions of service that can be
regarded as reasonable are those incident to the
renewal of such parts of the equipment as have
an admittedly limited life, such as electrolyte,
lamp bulbs, and battery plates. The interruptions
incident to changes of electrolyte need not seriously
interfere yvith the service of the lamp and
it hardly seems necessary or desirable to place a
limit on the frequency of such interruptions.
Failure of lamp bulbs may or may not cause an
appreciable interruption of service depending
upon whether bulbs are changed when they grow
dim or not until they burn out altogether. The
Bureau believes that it is not unreasonable to
require 300 hours of actual service from each
lamp bulb.
The most serious of the allowable interruptions
of service will be caused by the failure of the
battery plates. The Bureau believes that it is not
unreasonable to require of each battery plate the
equivalent of 3600 hours of actual service in 12
hour shifts. The service to be completed yvithin
one year from date of beginning.
Interruptions in the service of cap lamps are
also to be expected from the failure of the cord
that connects the battery with the headpiece.
Although a resonable time-of-service requirement
can be placed upon this part of the equipment,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
there is no way other than actual service to determine
whether or not a cord meets the requirement.
That is, any tests would be arbitrary
in character or might be too severe, or the contrary.
Interruptions of service other than those just
mentioned may be regarded as unreasonable and
as reflecting upon tbe design ancl construction of
the lamp equipment. Among such interruptions
may be mentioned those resulting from failures
of terminals and leads, battery jars, battery casings,
contacts, etc., as yvell as any failures of
bulbs or plates that ocur before their specified
time of service has expired.
EFFECT OF REASONABLE INTERRUPTIONS UPON COST III*
MAINTENANCE.
It is manifest, that every time a lamp bulb, a
battery plate, or a cord is removed, the cost of
maintenance is increased. Therefore, from the
standpoint of cost as well as from the standpoint
of service, it is desirable that even reasonable
interruptions of service should be as few as possible.
SPECIFICATIONS SUGGESTED BY THE BUREAU Ol MINES
FOR PORTABLE ELECTRIC MINE LAMPS.
The following specifications for the minimum
performance of portable electric mine lamps are
offered by the Bureau for discussion and criticism
by everybody yvho has any suggestions to make.
The specifications consist of a statement of a
suggested lower limit to the value of each of 10
qualifications that the Bureau believes should be
considered in selecting a portable electric mine
lamp.
BUREAU OF MINES SPECIFICATIONS FOR PORTABLE
ELECTRIC MINE LAMPS.
The values stated are the least suggested for
the items against yvhich they are written.
1. Safety 10 per cent
2. Intensity of light at all times.0.4 candlepower
3. Flux of light at all times:
For hand lamps 3.0 lumens
For cap lamps 1.5 lumens
4. Time of burning per charge 12 hours
5. Average life of bulbs 300 hours
(Not more than 5% to have less
than 250 hours life)
6. Average life of batteries 3600 hours
7. Variation in current consumption of
bulbs 10 per cent from average
8. Distribution of light
9. Angle of reflector 100 degrees
10. Mechanical and electrical construction
First class
FURTHER EXPLANATION OF THE SPECIFICATIONS.
SAFETY*.
This requirement is intended to cover freedom
from gas ignition and from premature extinction.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Bureau believes that lamps that have passed
the Bureau's tests ancl have been approved as permissible
for use in gaseous mines will satisfy the
requirements of safety.
INTENSITY OF LIGHT.
The reasons for selecting this minimum value
have been previously stated in this paper, ft is
taken to mean the least value of the mean candlepoyver
of light stream that a lamp should produce
at any time.
FLUX OF LIGHT.
The reasons for selecting these minimum values
have been previously stated in this paper. They
are taken to mean the least values of the total
flux of light produced by a lamp at any time.
Provided that in the case of cap lamps having a
solid angle of light stream of more than ISO 0 the
flux of light shall be increased in proportion to
the increase in the cross section of the light
stream.
TIME OF BURNING.
The time of burning as stated here is taken to
mean the time during which the discharge voltage
exceeds the lower limit established by the
manufacturers, and the lamp is producing not
less than the specified flux of light at a mean intensity
of light stream not less than 0.4 candlepower.
DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT.
Any requirement as to the distribution of light
will of course apply only to lamps that use reflectors
of some kind. No value is given in the table
to this qualification because an intelligible statement
requires considerable space. it is clearly
desirable to have a uniform distribution of light
and yet too uniform a distribution would entail
unwarranted expense. The following is suggested
as a reasonable requirement that will preclude
uneven distribution of an annoying or inefficient
character.
The distribution of light shall be determined
both by observation and by photometric measurement.
The lamp shall be placed three feet ayvay from
a plane surface that is perpendicular to the axis
of the light stream of the lamp. When so placed
the lamp shall illuminate a circular area not less
than seven feet in diameter. All observations
and measurements of distribution shall be referred
to this seven-foot circle, regardless of howlarge
an area the lamp may iluminate.
As observed with the eye there shall be no
"black spots" within the seven-foot circle nor any
sharply contrasting areas of bright and faint
illumination anywhere. As measured photometrically
the distribution of light diametrically
across the circle shall fulfill the following requirements.
The average illumination (in foot candles) on
the best illuminated 1/10 of the diameter shall
not be more than twice the average illumination
throughout the diameter and for at least 50% of
the diameter the illumination shall be not less
than the average.
REFLECTOR ANGLE.
This refers of course to the solid angle of the
stream of light. A reflector whose cone of light
has an angle of 100° will illuminate a circle about
seven feet in diameter if placed three feet ayvay
from the surface so illuminated.
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL CONSTRUCTION.
It is not necessary to suggest to niining men
that anything should be well made if it is to be
used underground. Under this head should be
considered simplicity of design, strength of parts
and fastenings, design of moving and removable
parts, and the design and construction of electrical
circuits and contacts.
The 450 miners employed in the Wheeling Creek
mine of the Lorain Coal & Dock Co., yvho had refused
to work in the mine since the death of Frank
Hora, returned to work Feb. 9. Coroner Myers,
at the inquest, found Hora died from an explosion
resulting from a carbide lamp, and the mine superintendent
refused to permit, the miners to use carbide
lamps, whereas they refused to enter the
mine. They began yvork, however, with oil lamps.
Alleging that John Heron, mine foreman of the
Crystal mines of the United Connellsville Coke
Co. at Outcrop, Pa., had permitted Frank Fordyce
to fire a blast from 'solid" yy hile other employes
were in the immediate vicinity, Mine Inspector
I. G. Roby made information against Heron charging
him with violation of the mining layvs.
John Moore, president of Ohio United Mine
Workers of America, has declared the bills drafted
by the Ohio coal commission, appointed last spring
by Governor Cox, impracticable in mining practice.
According to the report of the auditors the treasury
of District No. 1, (anthracite) on Dec. 31.
1913, held a balance of $69,211.45- The membership
at the same date was given at 60,000.
In posting mine safety notices in Ohio mines in
conformity yvith recent layvs it yvas found necessary
to print them in seven languages.
The Transatlantic Trust Co., of New York, has
served notice that it will resign the trusteeship
of $2,000,000 wortn of bonds of the National Bituminous
Coal & Coke Co. on April 21, 1914.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
NOTES ON THE PREVENTION OF DUST AND GAS EXPLOSIONS
IN COAL MINES*
By George ri. Rice
From time to time the Bureau of Mines has
issued suggestions looking to the prevention of
explosions in coal mines. Fortunately great mine
explosions have not occurred as frequently in this
country during the past few years as formerly,
but, nevertheless, not a year passes without one
or more great explosions in addition to the lesser
explosions that endanger a great many more lives
than are lost in them.
Each year the mining engineers of the bureau
have visited a large number of coal mines not
only to give instruction in first aid and the use
of mine-rescue apparatus, but also to investigate
mine gases, ventilation methods, or methods of
rendering coal dust inert. Also, tests have been
conducted at the bureau's experimental mine near
Bruceton, Pa., for the specific purpose of studying
coal dust explosions and devising methods for
their prevention. It is hoped that the information
gathered as to clangers, yvhich present many
varied phases, and as to the success of the methods
of prevention will, through its publication in
this paper, benefit mine operatois, foremen and
miners. Necessarily Ihere is some repetition of
matter presented in previous publications of the
bureau and in the technical journals or the transactions
of various mining societies. There are,
however, some essentials that must be continually
emphasized, and one of these is the necessity of
making coal mines secure, so far as humanly possible,
from explosions of gas and dust.
The author acknowledges the assistance given
by all tbe mining engineers of the bureau in the
preparation of this paper, and particularly that
given by L. M.. Jones and J. XV. Paul.
Although the explosibility of coal dust without
I lie presence of gas (methane) has been universally
conceded by niining men in this country, so
that a mining man considers trite the statement
that coal dust in the form of a cloud
WILL EXPLODE,
yet, nevertheless, the development of means ot
preventing explosions has not made as rapid advance
during the past year or two as it did during
a few previous years. In certain mines in which
disasters have occurred, investigations made by
the engineers of the bureau have shown that there
have been extensive stretches along the roadvcay
and the sides of passageways in which there was
much dry coal dust. Here ancl there on such
roads there have been yvet patches, some of considerable
length, and these the mine officials have
"Technical Paper G6. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines.
.)
thought gave sufficient protection against a widespread
explosion. Also during warm weathei
the dust precautions are neglected in many mines,
possibly because the emphasis laid on the greater
danger from dust in winter has caused relaxation
of effort in warm weather. Further, many mine
officials have thought that there is no danger ii
the entering air has a high relative humidity, although
this condition is no protection in itself.
It is only as the current deposits moisture that
protection is given. In mines where only scattered
places have been wet, an explosion well
started has been knoyvn to jump the yvet places,
carrying its oyvn ammunition of coal dust in the
advance air wave, and has gained fresh energy
on reaching dry places beyond.
Several great disasters during tbe past fewyears
have occurred in mines rated as "nongaseous."
A miner has gone to the face of a
working place yvith an open light unaware that
there had been an accumulation of gas since tbe
last inspection, or since he had fired a shot; the
gas has been ignited and the flaming has been
sufficient to stir up coal dust and start a great
coal dust explosion that has swept the mine.
Some of the mines so swept by explosions were
well ventilated and their return air currents carried
merely a trace of gas, but methane had suddenly
escaped at certain faces where faults or clay
slips had been encountered.
One conscious result of the investigations of
the mining engineers of the bureau is that in not
one of the many extensive explosions since the
mine accident investigations began in 1908 has
there been anything perplexing or mysterious as
to the agent that propagated an explosion through
a bituminous coal mine, although tbe origin of a
few explosions may have been in doubt. Wherever
an explosion has passed there
HAS BF;EN AMPLE EVIDENCE
that there yvas sufficient or more than sufficient
coal dust to feed it, if not at every point, then in
accumulations at places along the passageways.
In the Pennsylvania anthracite fields most of
the serious explosions are explosions of fire damp,
as in those fields an explosion of coal dust does
not appear to be self-propagating. Although the
area covered by an explosion of gas in an anthracite
mine has usually been confined to one part
of the mine, a large amount of after damp has
circulated through other parts of the mine, and
has extended greatly the deadly effects. Several
such explosions have probably originated from
open lights; in others the use of explosives yvas

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
involved. Generally, the main ventilating currents
in the anthracite mines are strong; the
dangers arise from accumulations of gas at the
faces or in old workings not reached by the currents.
More general use of safety lamps or of
permissible electric portable lamps and of permissible
explosives would aid greatly in preventing
such explosions. The extraordinary record
of the gaseous mines ot Belgium may be cited as
illustrating the advantages of locked safety lamps,
permitted explosives, and close inspection. Although
since 1891 there have been many instantaneous
outbursts of inflammable gas in those
mines, there have been no explosions.
The larger number of mine explosion disasters
in the Appalachian bituminous coal fields during
the past tw o years has resulted from the ignition
of accumulations of methane by open lights. Mixed
lights—safety lamps in some workings and open
light in other—have also proved daugerous on account
of leading to carelessness. It is undoubtedly
true that the danger would be vastly lessened
by the use of safety lamps exclusively. A second
source of danger has been the ignition of a cloud
of coal dust by the electric arcs incident to trolleymotor
haulage. Formerly the use of long-flame
explosives was a gieat source of clanger, but the
extensive substitution of permissible explosives
in these fields has proportionately lessened the
number of ignitions from explosives.
In the eastern and western interior fields,
stretching from Indiana to Oklahoma, the greatest
source of danger still continues to be the use
of long-flame explosives, such as black blasting
powder. In the southwestern extension of the
interior fields the use of both dynamite and black
blasting powder is a source of danger. The explosives
are sometimes
PLACED IN HIE SAME HOLE,
a particularly dangerous practice. Permissible
explosives have been introduced, but the great
bulk of the coal in these fields is shot down by
the long-flame explosives. Shot tiring by special shot
firers yvhen all the other men are out of the mine
is generally practiced in the interior fields. Even
with this system many explosions have resulted
and still contiue to result, and the danger to the
many has been transferred to the shot firers. The
system of using shot firers is good in itself, but
the coal should be undercut or sheared and shots
in the solid condemned before general improvement
can be expected. The precautions against
the propagation of coal dust explosions through
tbe mines in the interior fields are not as complete
as they should be. The conditions are peculiarly
bad in the mines of the southwestern
extension of the interior field; explosions in that
part of the field are of almost monthly occurrence.
Shot firers are killed and mines are damaged.
In the western interior region a theory prevails
that explosions are less likely to occur if there
is little or no ventilation at the time of shot firing.
Tests at the bureau's experimental mine at Bruceton,
Pa., have indicated that an explosion may
start from a single shot as readily in a quiet atmosphere
as in a strong current. Hoyvever, ii
there has been preliminary raising of coal dust in
the air by rapid shot firing, undoubtedly the dust
is more likely to remain suspended in the air
when there is a strong current than when the air
is quiet, so that possibly the danger of a dust explosion
being propagated is sightly increased by
the current. On the other hand, if a mine makes
any gas, it is probable that any lessening of the
danger of propagation by stopping the fan is offset
by the accumulation of gas (methane) at the
faces.® Moreover, it must be remembered that
explosions have been propagated by coal dust©
alone through the experimental mine yvhere before
the explosion there was a perfectly quiet atmosphere.
In the Rocky Mountain fields the mining methods
are more akin to those of the Appalachian
fields than to those of the interior fields. Explosions
during the last few years have originated
from ignitions of fire damp,
IGNITIONS OF DUST
through the use of long flame explosives, ignition
by electric arcing, and in one instance from a
mine fire. The urgent problem in this field is to
render coal dust inert, for where the watering
method is employed it is in some places difficult
to get water enough, and the natural dryness of
the atmosphere requires the use of a large quantity
of water to yvet and keep wet the dust of the
mines as the air currents, entering with a low
relative humidity, absorb the moisture rapidly.
The mine explosions of the past few years under
existing conditions cannot be held to have originated
through gross carelessness so much as
through the agencies that are employed; for example,
the use of open lights and long flame explosives
in mines in yvhich gas issues suddenly,
though locally. It is firmly believed by the engineers
of the bureau that if niiners and operators
use the measures that are best adapted to the conditions
at each mine, there is no reason yvhy widespread
explosions should occur, even though there
may be a local explosion of flre damp.
Experiments of several kinds have been carried
on during the past few years at the bureau's experimental
mine. Those pertinent to this discussion
relate to (1) the nature of coal dust explosions;
(2) the prevention of coal dust explo-
©Coal dust is probably more inflammable in mines
where there is a small quantity of methane present, although
this point has not yet been determined. The
Bureau of Mines is now at work on this problem.
OCoal dust in air.

sions, and (3) tlie arresting of coal dust explosions.®
In regard to the nature of coal dust explosions,
the tests© have demonstrated (a) that an explosion
of coal dust may become rather violent after
if has traveled 300 or 400 feet along a passageway;
(b) that it may reach a violent stage in
500 to 800 feet from the origin, depending on conditions;
(c) that an explosion may be made at
will in an entry or passageway in which the roof,
sides, and floor are wet to the touch, if sufficient
dry coal is present; (d) that a high relative humidity
of air, which may even bo neaily 100 per
cent., has in itself no appreciable effect in preventing
a coal dust explosion originated by a
blown-out shot, a result that may appear to nullify
the recommendation to humidify the ventilating*
current, as advocated by the Bureau of
Mines and by various persons, but does not, since,
as repeatedly emphasized, the purpose of humidifying
is both to prevent an unsaturated air current
from absorbing moisture from the coal dust
and to cause moisture to be deposited along the
roadways; (e) that a single
.SHOT IMPROPERLY PLACED
and loaded with long flame explosive© may cause
the ignition, of coal dust; (f) that it makes no
perceptible difference, so far as the origination of
an explosion is concerned, whether the air is
moving© one way or the other at the point of
origin or is quiet, but that the important factor
is the presence of sufficient dry coal dust; (g)
that pressure as high as 120 pounds per square
inch have been measured at right angles to the
movement of the explosion, the pressure in the
line of advance of the explosion being no doubt
much greater; (ft) that comparatively small quantities
of coal dust. 1 pound per linear foot of entry,
equal to about one-fifth ounce per cubic foot of
space, will propagate an explosion; a smaller quantity
has not yet been tried in the mine.© This
small quantity scattered on roof, side projections,
and floor is barely noticeable.
As regards preventing or checking gas and dust
explosions, the bureau's experiments have indicated
that an explosion cannot originate in thoroughly
wet coal dust, because the dust will not
be thrown into the air as a cloud by the shock
from a shot or by other means, but that it is not
easy to wet piles of coal dust even yvith well humidified
air currents. This is an important feature
not fully understood hitherto. When a saturated
air current passes through a mine it dampens
the roof, floor and sides, but the coal dust
itself when in accumulations appears to repel
drops of moisture; even yvith long exposure dust
like that from tbe Pittsburgh seam takes up only
1 or 2 per cent, of moisture, though the walls and
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
floor may become damp. The surprising result
of this series of experiments makes it evident that
it is necessary to remove c-oal dust accumulations,
so that, after a passageway has been yvell dampened,
any particles of dust falling on wet surfaces
will themselves become yvet. It has been observed
after some dust explosion disasters that the
explosion lias traversed entries in which there
was standing water along the bottom, but on the
ether hand examination of the benches and projections
along the sides of such entries has disclosed
quantities of dry dust. Also it has been
observed that timbers frequently carry on their
upper surfaces quantities of dust sufficient to
propagate an explosion. Consequently, the bureau
is led to emphasize two precautions, namely, first
remove all accumulations of dry dust and then
KEEP THE ENTRIES WET
or use a coating of rock dust. There will then
be little danger of explosion.
At the bureau's experimental mine experiments
have been made yvith rock or shale dust as an alternative
to watering. The dust has been made
from the draw slate over the Pittsburgh bed with
a hammer crusher having a fine screen, 95 per
cent, of the dust passing through a 20-mesh sieve.
Tests have been started only recently, but the results
obtained supplement and corroborate those
obtained at the experimental galleries in France
and England, showing that when inert dust or
rock dust is placed on all projections and on the
floor (even if some coal dust be present it will be
buried) the mine yvill be free from the possibility
of an explosion of coal dust. The bureau's yvork
has not gone far enough to permit the determination
of the precise amounts of rock dust necessary,
but it is believed that there should be at
least twice as much rock dust as coal dust. If
the amount of rock dust even equals that of coal
dust the chance of an explosion starting is very
much lessened; but as more coal dust is apt to
be present than is supposed, the only safe thing
is to put on the rock dust abundantly.
The bureau has made numerous experiments
©Rice, G. S., Jones. L. M., Clement, J. K. ancl Egy,
W L., First series of coal-dust explosion lests in th*'
experimental mine: Bull, 56, Bureau of .Mines. 10in.
115 pp.
©Tlie (esls covered by tbe first series of coal-dust
explosions.
©Such as black powder or dynamite. Some persons
have the idea that because the flame from dynamite is
shorter and quicker than that from black powder it is
less likely to ignite coal dust ancl gas. There is, however,
little difference in the relative danger, as the flameof
dynamite is very hot ancl lasts long enough to ignite
either lire damp or eoal dust. It is, in fact, regularly
used in the French (Lievin) experimental gallery as a
means of igniting* eoal dust in explosion lests.
©Experiments have not been made to ascertain the
effect produced when the air is moving at very high
velocities.
©The theoretical amount of Pittsburgh coal dust, if
complete combustion takes place and all Ihe oxygen is
consumed, is 0.1_ otiuce per cubic foot of space.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
with the so-called "Taffanel© barriers," consisting
of lo shelves one-half yard wide and 2 yards
apart, placed over the roadway and piled with
rock dust as high as possible, thus forming an obstruction
of about 15 per cent, of the cross section
of an ordinary passageway; that is, of one
less than 7 feet high. More shelves can be employed
if the conditions seem to require it. In
tests with such barriers explosions have been
checked within a few hundred feet after the explosive
wave has encountered them. In one test
the pressure recorded was 120 pounds immediately
before tbe barrier and only 12 pounds 300 feet
farther out. In the French gallery the experiments
were equally successful; but in the Clarence
mine disaster in France, in 1912, in certain
places where there was a light explosion and consequently
little pressure, the explosion passed the
barriers without displacing the shale dust. Tbe
failure of the explosion to
DISPLACE THE SHALE DIST
was somewhat exceptional and should not lead to
condemnation ot the barriers as a secondary
defense. Therefore the use of the barriers is
suggested by the engineers of the bureau as suitable,
for example, at the entrance of the ventilating
splits, particularly in haulage ways, where
there is nearly always an accumulation of dust,
and at intervals along the main entries, but they
should be considered only as supplementing the
other means.
As regards means to lessen the danger of explosions,
the prime essential is to reduce the production
of dust. The excessive use of explosives,
particularly in shooting off the solid, causes large
quantities of dust to be blown into the gobs and
other inaccessible places. Before blasting the
coal should be undercut, holes should be properly
placed and charged, and the explosives used should
lie permissible explosives.
It is unwise to use broken coal or machine or
band cuttings as ballast for haulage. Even if
tbe coal is in lumps, sooner or later it will be
crushed to dust. If an incipient explosion starts,
this inflammable material yvill be thrown into the
air and be a source of danger. Use either rock,
clay, or cinders for ballast.
There has been prejudice against the use of
permissible explosives in some parts of the country,
but wherever they have been thoroughly tried
they have been liked, and they certainly are indispensable
to safety in coal niining. The explosives
on the permissible list of the bureau, if used
under the conditions prescribed,® will not ignite
coal dust. The recent use of permissible explosives
in many mines has undoubtedly prevented
many disastrous explosions. The introduction
and proper use of such explosives would prevent
many that occur in parts of the Southwest, where
so-called "cracking" shots are employed. Such
shots made by drilling holes 12 to 14 feet straight
into the solid and using five or six sticks of dynamite
are a menace both to shot firers and to the
mine and cannot be too strongly condemned.
Permissible explosives of the stronger kinds
should also be used in lifting bottom, breaking
rock bands, or brushing top. There is often as
much danger in using
DYNAMITE FOR THIS PURPOSE
as for shooting coal, as coal dust is liable to be
present in dangerous quantities. A number of
explosions have been caused during the past few
years by this use of dynamite.
The second greatest agency in dust making is
the mine car. It is often loaded with coal 9 to
18 inches above the sides. The coal on a car so
loaded may strike the timbers or roof, or be so
jarred that it is dislodged and throyvn into the
roadway, yvhere it is ground to dust by the car
wheels or by men and mules or horses. Again,
cars with gates or open joints leak dust.
The remedy is drastic, but should be followed.
Tight cars should be used, and wherever possible
cars without gates should be used. Gateless cars
require the employment of a revolving tipple. In
Europe, except in Wales and Scotland, tight cars
without gates are universally used in coal mines.
Side-revolving tipples are employed for dumping
the cars, and by proper arrangement the coal is
dumped with little breakage. In building or
buying mine cars the endeavor should be to get
a car that is as tight as possible, and enough cars
should be supplied so that the miners will not
be compelled to pile the coal up above the sides.
In addition to tight cars, automatic sprinklers
adjacent to the gathering places and sidings should
be used so that the cars may be drenched as they
pass under a spray. The automatic spray system,
operated by a lever depressed or moved by
the passing car. is effectively used in a few mines
in this country and in many abroad. If well arranged
it washes the dust from the top and prevents
the dust from being dropped or blown off
by the air currents along the roadway. The rapidity
with which dust will accumulate along the
roadyvay is astonishing, but as long as coal is
constantly falling off the cars and being ground to
dust by the wheels of passing cars (yvhich make a
too efficient grinding device and render increasingly
difficult the task of rendering coal dust inert)
it is easy to see why there is often a large quantity
of coal dust ready-made for an explosion.
©Named after J. Taffanel, director of (he experiment
station at Lievin, France, who devised this arrangement,
although W. E. Garforth, of England, was the
fil-st to point our tbe advantages in tlie general use of
rock dust to prevent coal-dust explosions.
©Ilall. Clarence. Permissible explosives tested prior
to January 1. 1912, and precautions to be taken in their
use: Miners' Circular 6, Bureau of Mines, 1913. 20 pp.

If hoisting is done in a downcast shaft the
shaking screens should not be placed immediately
adjacent to the shaft, and if they are near the
shaft, vacuum dust collectors should be installed
over the screens and chutes. Otherwise, a large
quantity of dust may be drawn down the shaft.
In a certain mine in England in which
ROCK DUST
yvas used to counteract the danger of coal dust
the writer observed a thick film of coal dust on
top of the rock dust, the deposit extending for a
distance of 500 or 600 feet from the shaft. Had
it not been for the light-colored rock dust the deposit
could not have been seen. It had been collecting
for only tyvo months subsequent to the
time when the rock dust had last been laid. This
mine has since put in vacuum dust collectors over
its screens. In many of the recently built European
plants it is the practice to place the screening
plant 100 to 200 feet distant from the downcast
shaft.
It should always be borne in mind that, except
in anthracite mines, coal dust is the agency that
causes an explosion to sweep through a mine,
leaving a trail of wreckage and death. Certain
means of prevention have already been indicated,
but are reviewed beloyv. Apart from lessening
the production of dust, there are two principal
ways of fighting the coal dust danger—first, wetting
the dust by various means, such as humidifying
the air current or yv-ashing down the dust
with hose or with pump yvater cars; second,
spreading rock dust over it.
With the humidifying system the intake air
current is so saturated or supersaturated as to
carry the moisture into the mine in minute but
constant quantities every minute of the day. Details
of the system are given in Bureau of Mines
Bulletin 20,® and in many articles in current
journals.
Some operators have placed steam heating coils
at the intake entrances of their mines in order
to heat the entering air current in cold weather
to the temperature of the workings. This permits
the immediate saturation of the ventilating
current by steam jets, without serious fogging of
the air by particles of condensed moisture from
the steam jets being carried in suspension until
the air receives heat enough from the mine walls
to absorb them.
Preheating the air, if done yvith careful regulation,
has the further merit that
THE TEMPERATURE
of the roof and walls of the airway near the entrance
is, or may be, kept more nearly uniform,
summer and winter. This prevents the constant
expansion and contraction of the roof, which otherwise
takes place and probably tends to increase
roof falls.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
From inquiries received by the Bureau of Mines,
it is evident that there has been misapprehension
regarding the purpose of preheating; some persons
nave thought that merely heating tne air
to a summer temperature would suffice to produce
humid conditions underground. This is not the
case, as the mere heating of the air does not increase
the amount of moisture it carries. On
the other hand, tne amount carried being the
same at the higher mine temperature, the percentage
of relative humidity is decreased; hence
the necessity of introducing artificial moistening
by fine sprays of water, or, more easily, by jets
of exhaust or live steam.
Inquiries have been received as to the size of
the steam coils necessary for heating. To determine
the size it is necessary to know (1) the
volume of the ventilating current; (2) the temperature
of the mine yvorkings, and (3) the lowest
outside temperature at the mine in winter. It
does not seem necessary to take the temperature
of an extremely cold day, but the average during
a single cold wave. If the ventilating current
is 100,000 cubic feet of air per minute, if the temperature
of the mine workings is 65° F., and if
the average temperature of the coldest cold wave
is zero F., then the temperature of 100,000 cubic
feet of air must be raised 65° F. every minute.
Knowing the steam pressure available, it becomes
an ordinary steam-heating problem to determine
the size of the coils, the amount of steam, and
the coal consumption required to heat the entering
air to mine temperature.
A word of caution about humidifying seems
necessary. As already mentioned, tests at the
bureau's experimental mine show that accumulations
of dry coal dust do not take up moisture
enough to prevent their sperading an explosion.
Therefore, whenever dry dust accumulates, the
accumulations must be promptly removed as
cleanly as possible and the
AREA THOROUGHLY WET.
Evidently, in most mines, supplementary treatment
yvith hose or yvith water cars is necessary,
for, regardless of whether the air current is saturated,
the dust must be wet.
Water hose is proving a good means of washing
down the coal dust, not only in Utah mines, where
the use of such hose is compulsory, but in some
mines in other parts of the country. If the waterpipe
system goes throughout all the entries of the
mine not only does it have tbe merit of giving
fire protection, but a stream of water can be used
to sweep dust from any projection of the ribs or
from timbers.
Efficient pump cars giving a strong spray that
sweeps throughout the yvhole area of an entry
©Rice, G. S.. and others. The explosibility of conl dusl
1913, pp. SO, 16S.

52
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
have been installed in some coal mines. If used
regularly, they furnish an admirable means of
w-ashing down the dust from the ribs ancl timbers
and wetting that on the floor. Parts of the mine
not reached by the cars yvill require treatment by
water hose or other efficient means.
It must be admitted that experience in a number
of mines has indicated that fixed water sprinklers
are not sufficient in themselves unless they
be placed so close together that their cost becomes
almost prohibitive. Comparatively, the range of
the sprinklers is limited and they easily get out
of order. le has been observed that from a point
25 feet or so beyond a sprinkler the dust may
be dry as far as the next sprinkler. In one mine
dry dust yvas observed less than 10 feet beyond
the sprinklers in tbe direction of the air current
and within a few feet on the intake side. Therefore
fixed sprinklers must usually be supplemented
by water cars or hose.
Calcium chloride is being used with good results
in mines in some parts of West Virginia, and in
a few other places. As ordinarily applied it is
not sufficient for all needs, but is useful for keeping
the floor damp along roadways, and is particularly
efficacious in keeping goave surfaces
moist. If supplemented by sprinkling or yvashing
down the ribs and timbers, the use of calcium
chloride is satisfactory.
The merits of rock-dust treatment can be more
definitely stated now* than was possible a fewyears
ago, for tests by the bureau and by foreign
experiment stations have shown its success in
preventing or checking
EXPERIMENTAL EXPLOSIONS.
As regards checking explosions under headway.
rock dust is certainly more effectual than either
a so-called dustless or even a damp zone of several
hundred feet. Its use cannot be said to have
made much progress in this country, the writer
having knowledge of only one coal mine, a mine
in Colorado, in which rock dust is used. In that
mine the system is used on some of the trolley
roads; for the present, adobe dust, which is equivalent
to rock dust, is being applied by means of a
motor-driven fan having a flexible outlet.® In
France, however, the rock-dust system has been
adopted by an association of mine operators
(Comite Central des Houilleres de France) that
includes practically all the coal mines in that
country.
There are two methods of using rock dust—
continuously throughout the mine and, as first
advocated by XV. E. Garforth and later by the committee
that carried on the coal dust experiments
at Altofts, England, on barriers as a. secondary
means of arresting an explosion already started.
The writer recommends that these secondary safeguards
be placed in or near the entrances of each
split of air and that as many more be used as
seem to be needed. If rock dust of sufficient
fineness (say, 95 per cent, through a 20-mesh
sieve) be not available, flue dust or screened ashes
not containing too much carbonaceous inatt.fr
(less than 10 per cent.) can be used. As previously
stated, such barriers, hoyvever, should not
be used alone, but should be considered only as
supplementary safeguards.
As it has been found that dust explosions have
originated in the last few years from causes other
than the use of explosives and ignition of pockets
of fire damp, as from electric arcs and open lamps
surrounded by a cloud of dust,® it is necessary
to have protection throughout the whole mine,
as no one can say where an explosion may originate.
For example, a couple of years ago in a
Rocky Mountain coal mine, in yvhich an explosion
occurred, the evidence yvas thought to show conclusively
that the explosion originated within a
few hundred feet of the intaking drift entrance
of the mine through the breaking in two and derailment
of a trolley trip, resulting in the knocking
down of timbers, stirring up of coal dust, and
resultant arcing of the trolley wires. This explosion
traveled for a couple of miles into, or
toward the face of, the mine.
The best method of using rock dust is, after
cleaning the passageways, to
PLACE IT CONTINUOUSLY
throughout the mine—on the floor and on all projections
on tbe sides, roof, and timbers—so as
to cover any coal dust that could not be removed,
and if the ribs are bare and smooth it is desirable
to place shelves at intervals on the sides or over
the roadway to provide a place of lodgment for
some of the rock dust. Tests of the use of rock
dust are being continued at the bureau's experimental
mine, but definite conclusions have not
been reached regarding the quantity for preventing
propagation of an explosion started by an
ignition of fire damp. Hoyvever, it may be stated
tentatively that the rock dust should be placed
along the entries at the rate of at least 4 pounds
per linear foot. Such placing would require 1
ton for about 500 feet of entry. Later treatments
would not require so much, although from time
to time, when too much coal dust becomes mixed
yvith rock dust, the dust should be removed and
fresh rock dust, substituted. The rock dust
should not contain much free silica or flint particles,
which would be bad for the lungs of the
miners traveling the roadways, but should be
made preferably from shale from the roof, if this
shale is not too carbonaceous; that is. if it does
not contain more than 5 or, at most, 10 per cent.
©Dean, Samuel, Prevention of coal-dust explosions:
Coal Age, vol. 2. Nov. 30, 1912.
©Such an accident in a surface coal-crushing plant
in Pennsylvania killed four men.

Of bituminous matter. Shale dust seemingly is
not harmful to the lungs. Limestone also would
not be harmful and would make one of the best
materials that could be used. All the machinery
required for producing the dust is a crusher or
grinder that will reduce the dust so fine that about
95 per cent, yvill pass through a 20-mesh sieve.
One of the great merits in the use of rock dust
is that it whitens the roadyvays and makes them
easily lighted, so that accumulations of coal dust
can be readily noted. The whitewashing of the
walls of passageways is also a great protection,
as the lodgment of coal dust on the yvhite surfaces
is readily seen, and the whitewash also acts
somewhat like a thin coat of rock dust. It is
extensively used in some coal mines and makes
the roadways lighter and therefore safer.
Inflammable gas cannot be prevented from entering
a mine; hence in gaseous districts every
precaution should be taken to minimize the risk
from such gas. Many precautions are undoubtedly
taken in almost all of the very
GASEOUS MINES,
as explosions are seldom reported from those
mines. It is chiefly in the slightly gaseous or
so-called "non-gaseous" mines that gas explosions
have occurred.
One of the principal causes of danger is the
use of "mixed lights"; that is, of safety lamps in
some parts and of open lights in other parts of
the mine. It may be possible in some mines to
separate districts so completely that there is little
danger of open lights being carried into the gaseous
districts, but experience has shown that such
a separation is very difficult. If, however, mixed
lights are used, the entrance to the gaseous district
should at all times be guarded by a mine
official with sufficient authority to absolutely prevent
even the higher officials of the company from
entering with naked lamps. Safety lamps are
an effective measure of precaution. Statistics
on the point have not been gathered in this country,
but in England, where they have been gathered
and cover mines using safety lamps and
those using open lights, it has been found, in districts
in which the mines using locked safety
lamps about equal in number those using open
lights, that 90 per cent, of the explosions of flre
damp, large and small, have occurred in mines
in which tlie open lights are used, and that tbe
ignitions were due to the open lights.
The bureau strongly urges that safety lamps
be used throughout all mines in yvhich fire damp
has been found on several occasions or in which
the returns of any district show as much as onehalf
of 1 per cent, of gas (methane) by analysis.
The percentage seems small, but in England the
use of safety lamps is now obligatory where this
percentage is found in the return air currents.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
More than one-half of 1. per cent, of methane in
the return, at times when there is a stoppage at
Hie face, is apt to mean that a dangerous accumulation
of gas will result.
Safety would be enormously increased by the
general use of safety lamps. Now that there are
on the market portable electric lamps, a number
of which have been tested by the Bureau of Mines
and pronounced safe for
U3E IN* GASEOUS -MINES, O
the adoption of such lamps is urged when the
safety lamp is considered unsatisfactory because
it encumbers the wearer or gives poor light. Electric
lamps have by no means reached perfection
and are being constantly improved by the manufacturers.
However, in mines where electric.
lights are extensively employed it is necessary to
maintain constant supervision of the working
places by a face boss or foreman with a safety
lamp to test for gdS. In other words, if the mine
makes any fire damp, do not rely entirely on the
early morning inspection, for after this inspection
the niiners may strike a fault or a clay slip or
there may be a roof fall, resulting in an outflow
of gas.
Next to open lamps, explosives are the most prolific
cause of ignitions of fire clamp. The use of
permissible explosives will largely prevent such
ignitions, provided that proper precautions be
taken and the permissible explosive be used in
accordance with the instructions of the Bureau of
Mines.
A number of great explosions in mines are
thought to have been due to the open trolley. It
is well knoyvn how easily an open trolley may
ignite fire damp. If a mine is not gaseous (and
this rating might be on the English basis of a
methane content less than 0.5 per cent, in the return
from any district) it does not seem necessary
to prohibit the use of trolley locomotives if
they be kept on the intake road, provided the
mine is not subject to sudden outbursts of methane
(which are rare in this country) and provided
the coal dust along the road is rendered inert.
To allow a trolley locomotive to operate in the
return of any gaseous mine is a reprehensible
practice. Samples of air taken by an engineer
of the bureau in a return in which a trolley locomotive
yvas being used shoyved that on one occasion
the air of that return
CONTAINED 1 PER CENT.
of methane. It is easy to see that if there were
any sudden stoppage of ventilation a dangerous
proportion of gas would soon be reached.
It is a common belief that gas cannot be ignited
by electric signal wires or telephone wires, but
if inductive apparatus is employed, the high voltage
momentarily built up when the circuit is
opened may cause ignition although the nominal

5. THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
voltage is very low. • Tyvo well authenticated
cases of ignition of pockets of fire damp by electric
signal wires occurred in 1912 in South
Wales.®
Electric mining machines have been under suspicion
as causing explosions that have occurred
in gaseous or partly gaseous mines. There is always
the potential danger; therefore it yvould be
safer in gaseous mines if the power yvires were
covered with a good insulating covering, if the
motors were explosion proof, and if switches at
the end of feed wires were also explosion proof.
These are the requirements in a number of coal
mining countries. The new laws of Pennsylvania
relating to electric mining machinery, yvhich
also require explosion-proof motors, represent a
great step in advance.
Where electric mining machines are used in a
gaseous or dusty mine the cable should not be
dragged along the ground any more than can be
avoided, and in such a mine no cable yvith badly
worn insulation should be used. It was suspected
that one disastrous explosion might have
been duo to a machine rapidly moved on a down
grade on a dusty roadway, the cable furnishing
the power dragging in a loop behind. If such a
cable has the insulation worn bare in places and
such a place comes in contact yvith the steel tracking,
a grounding may occur accompanied by a
flash that may ignite the dust by the moving machine.
It is better that tbe cable be put on a
reel in moving from one working place to another.
After all, the greatest remedy for inflammable
gas is an adequate ventilating current, not only
in the main roads, but also at the faces and in
goaves yvhere fire damp is likely to be found. The
mine should be provided with a
NUMBER OF SPLITS,
not enough to make the velocity of the air too
slow, but as far as possible there should be a
separate ventilating split for every pair of entries
in which gas occurs, and the return of the split
should go straight to the return airway. It is
advised that hereafter, in opening a mine in any
coal basin or field in which gas has been encountered
in neighboring mines, or, from the nature of
the geologic formation, is likely to be encountered,
the haulage roads and traveling ways be not made
the return airways.
By the ordinary hurried manner of testing for
gas with safety lamps only 2 per cent, of gas is
detected, and even yvith care only 1 per cent. It
is advisable to know more exactly the amount of
methane being produced in a given district. This
information can be obtained only by analysis.
Attention has been directed by the bureau to the
advantage of frequent, it not daily, analyses of
the ventilating currents of different parts of a
gaseous mine.® Such analyses are made at a
number of large mines, and yvith the information
thus obtained the ventilation is so adjusted that
the percentage in every split of air is kept below
what is considered the danger point under the conditions
that prevail.
One of the defects that has been repeatedly
found by engineers of fhe bureau has been a leakage
of the ventilating current so great that only
a small proportion of the current that enters the
air shaft reaches the inner workings. This leakage
is due to defective stoppings and doors. Air
easily passes through dirt stoppings in which
there is no facing of lime or cement plaster. Wood
stoppings also are inefficient and constitute a fire
risk. Whatever kind of stoppings be employed
it is always desirable to have them plastered yvith
a rich mixture of lime or cement.
It is a mooted question whether it is best to
put in very strong stoppings and overcasts or to
have them relatively frail, so that they yvill be
easily blown doyvn in case of an explosion. Many
persons believe that an
EXPLOSION* MAY BE CHECKED
if the stoppings or overcasts are thrown down;
en the other hand, the argument may be made
that if a stopping is blown down much eoal dust
may be dislodged from the breakthrough; also,
that in nearly all the great disasters in this country
the stoppings and overcasts throughout the
mine have been thrown down, and yet the explosion
has not been checked. The merit in having
them strong is that if they are not blown down
the ventilation is quickly renewable. At the
bureau's experimental mine a solid brick stopping
18 inches thick yvas blown down by an explosion
of low pressure. In this experiment and in previous
ones when stoppings yvere blown down there
yvas no appreciable check of the movement of the
explosion. On the other band, 18-inch concrete
stoppings (placed in the middle of the cut-through
or crosscut), reinforced horizontally with steel
bars and keyed into tbe rib on either side, have
resisted repeated explosions, except that once a
stopping calculated to be able to withstand a pressure
of 48 pounds per square inch was cracked
by an explosion that registered the unusually high
pressure of 120 pounds per square inch a short
distance outby in the entry. A stopping built
for the purpose of resisting an explosion must
have great strength; otherwise it yvill not be worth
while to pay for the added cost over that of an
ordinary fireproof stopping. The writer, giving
his own personal views, believes it is better to
make stoppings, at least those along the main en-
©1012 report of IM*. W. X. Atkinson. H. M. Inspector
of Mines, South Wales.
®BiirrelI, G. A., anci Seibert, F. M., Apparatus for
gas-analysis laboratories at coal mines : Technical Paper
14, Bureau of Mines. 1913. 24 pp.

tries, strong enough to resist a pressure of ai.out
100 pounds per square inch.
Too often the main splits have only single doors.
A single door permits great waste through leakage,
and whenever tbe door is opened the ventilation
is almost suspended. Doors in the main splits
should always be in duplicate, and preferably in
triplicate. It is, of course, still better to have
the currents so split and handled by overcasts
that there are feyv doors in a mine. If the overeasts
or undercasts can be made in the solid strata,
so much the better, i'or in the case of an explosion
they will probably remain intact.
In many well equipped mines, especially in the
anthracite field of Pennsylvania, recording barometers
are installed at each of the mines. However,
in a mine where open lights are used, whether
throughout the mine or in certain districts, conditions
may become serious before the management
is aware of the danger. Methane is held
in the coal and rock, usually at high pressure, so
that in new workings changes in the barometric
pressure are not likely to affect the issuance of
gas; but in old mines, especially those having
extensive goaves or
MANY ABANDONED ROOMS,
gas may accumulate in unventilated and even inaccessible
places, and yvhen the barometric pressure
lowers the gas may come out. Hence tbe indication
of falling barometric pressure is of value to
the mine official, as he may yvarn fire bosses and
others of the increasing danger; but it must be
borne in mind that outbursts of gas under high
pressure may be released by a fall of roof or a
large blower may lie opened in a heading or entry
when the barometer is high; therefore, vigilance
should not be relaxed.®
A few miscellaneous precautions are presented
below, as follows:
Don't forget that even in summer there may be
a dangerous amount of dry coal dust in a mine,
and that an explosion may occur then as well as
in the winter if the dust be ignited.
Don't neglect the smallest pockets of gas. Instruct
your fire bosses to have such places ventilated,
even if a long line of brattice be required.
Have the return air from the different splits
analyzed frequently. It will be of the greatest
assistance to you in controlling the ventilation
and in preventing dangerous conditions from developing.
If you use water cars and hose, don't forget
I3)0n account of the fear of mining men coming to
feel a false sense of security at times when reports of
dangerous barometric conditions are not published, the
Bureau of Mines has been reluctant to advocate the use
of general public warnings issued through the newspapers
that may not be received until the specific danger
is oast. The' installation of recording barometers at
the" gaseous mines, is, on the other hand, to he commended,
as there is no delay in obtaining the information
of a falling barometer.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
that they must be used daily in all parts of the
mine. When an entry is dry, it is likely to be
in a most dangerous condition, as the fine, pure
coal dust is apt to be lying over all the surfaces.
Don't forget that it is almost impossible to wet
a mass of dry coal dust, and that it is necessary to
keep surrounding surfaces thoroughly damp in
order to prevent accumulations of dry dust.
Remember that humidifying the air current is
a good way to dampen the mine, but the means
used must be constantly kept under control to insure
humidity near the point of saturation when
the weather is very cold. In using any system
of yvetting the coal dust, be sure that the dust
throughout the roadways is kept wet all the time.
Test the moistened coal dust to ascertain
whether it will pack in the hand into a compact
ball, for if the dust will not pack compactly there
is not enough water present to render it safe.
BRITISH COLUMBIA COAL
PRODUCTION IN 1912"
1912. 1911.
Crows Nest Pass Coal Co., Ltd. 950,746 322,499
Canadian Collieries, Ltd 598,796 768,454
Western Fuel Co 580,797 581,422
Hosmer Mines, Ltd 189,235 41,836
Nicola Valley Coal & Coke Co.,
Ltd 143,156 190,934
Pacific Coast Coal Mines, Ltd. 135,882 177,370
Corbin Coal & Coke Co., Ltd... 122,264 81,719
Vancouver-Nanaimo Coal Mining
Co., Ltd 87,813 70,549
Inland Coal & Coke Co., Ltd.. 27,346 10,883
Princeton Coal & Land Co., Ltd. 25,163 19,008
Two companies producing less
than 10,000 tons 3,387
Total 2,270,118 2,865,176
*In lone tons. Compiled from statistics furnished by John
McLeish. Chiel of Division Mineral Resources and Statistics.
Canadian Department of Mines.
The Bakewell Coal Co. held its annual election
at Bellaire, O., recently and these officers yvere
chosen: John L. Bakewell, of South Brownsville,
Pa., president; William F. Kaiser, of Brownsville,
Pa., vice president; T. W. Pearsall, of Bellaire, O.,
secretary and treasurer; board of directors. John
L. Bakeyvell, William F. Kaiser, T. W. Pearsall,
J. T. Duffy and James C. Smith, the three last
named residing at Bellaire.
MINE CARS
42 inch gauge; 3000 to 4000 pounds capacity
Good Condition. Low Price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT COMPANY,
3145 Penn Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
EXPERIMENTS WITH SMALL ANIMALS AND CARBON MONOXIDE*
The usefulness of small animals in detecting
vitiated air in mines is well established. The
Bureau of Mines and others have much information
on this subject, but in order to make this
paper brief, accounts of their practical use or of
accidents because they have not been used will not
be given here. Time can be devoted, if so desired,
to this phase of the subject in the discussion.
The Bureau has experimented with most of the
more common small animals, such as canaries,
guinea pigs, rabbits, chickens, dogs, mice and
pigeons, and finds that canaries or mice are the
most suitable for the work. Of the two the Bureau
finds canaries to be the most sensitive. They
were used in England before their acceptance in
this country; presumably in places on the continent
also. Their usefulness in husbanding the
resources of breathing apparatus is of great importance.
An additional reason for the use of canaries
lies in the fact that they are generally easily obtainable,
and become pets of the men who have
them. If handled intelligently in rescue operations,
they seldom die as a result of their exposure
to carbon monoxide.
In rather a brief manner, one of the objects of
this paper is to give the results of experiments by
the Bureau which have shown that they may be
used repeatedly in rescue operations without danger
of their being more susceptible to carbon
nionoxide after several or many exposures. This
fact had not been determined experimentally hitherto,
as far as the authors are aware. A second
important point has to do with the relative behavior
of men and small animals to carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide was the gas experimented
with because it Is the constituent of after-damp
most insidious in its action, most difficult to detect,
and responsible for many of the deaths caused
by mine explosions. Small animals, however, also
feel distress sooner than men in atmospheres vitiated
by other gases than carbon monoxide.
EFFECT OF REPEATED EXPOSURES TO CARROX MONOXIDE.
Details of these experiments will be given later
in a publication of the Bureau. They will only
be outlined here. Canaries, mice and guinea pigs
were repeatedly exposed to carbon monoxide under
different conditions. fn some experiments they
were exposed to atmospheres that distress them in
about two minutes. In the case of canaries 0.25
"Paper read before the Coal Mining Institute of Amerlc_.
Pittsbursh. Pa , December 4 and S, 1913. Published with the
permission of the Director of the Bureau of Mines.
By George A. Burrell and Frank M. Scibert
per cent, was used in some experiments and the
animals were exposed 7 to 10 successive times.
For instance, the animal was exposed to collapse,
and then when it had apparently recovered (7 to
12 minutes) it. was exposed again and again, the
object being to see if, after many exposures to a
certain percentage of the gas, they would upon
subsequent exposures show distress in a greater
length of time, i. e., become more or less acclimatized
to the gas. No acclimatization effect was
noticed. The same experiment was performed
with mice and guinea pigs with the same result.
Different percentages than 0.25 per cent, were also
used in the case of both caiaries and mice. The
experiments were also carried further to the extent
that the same animals that had been exposed
several or many times on one day were exposed
several or many times the next day and on successive
days.
Animals were also exposed to percentages that
quickly distress them, and after removal from the
atmosphere and recovery were placed in atmospheres
that ordinarily do not apparently affect
fresh animals. This experiment was also reversed
in the case that the animals were first placed in
atmospheres that do not affect them, say 0.10 per
cent, in the case of canaries (for a long time, at
least), and then they were exposed to atmospheres
that ordinarily affect them quickly, to see if results
different from the ordinary could be obtained.
In performing this work, the results of which can
be briefly told, but which required considerable
time for its performance, the conditions of recovery
work with the aid of small animals was kept
in view-. In such work parties would usually advance
until the animals showed distress. The
animals would then in all probability be carried
back to fresh air, and further advance, if such were
made, would be accomplished with breathing apparatus.
A general reconnaissance might be made
with the animals to define the danger zone of the
mine. In the latter event they might be exposed
to proportions of carbon monoxide that would
in each case cause collapse. Another possible
contingency has to do with the use of the animals
in a part of the mine where very small percentages
of carbon monoxide existed, say 0.10 per cent., a
proportion that does not usually seem to affect
canaries or mice (as far as can be observed) in
one or tw^o hours' time, and then their use in a
place where a larger percentage might be present.
It Is possible, too, that an animal which collapses
at a certain place because of the proportion of

carbon monovide there, might upon recovery be
used in an atmosphere containing a proportion
that does not usualiy affect a fresh animal. Finally
the same animal might be exposed over several
successive days while a mine was being explored.
It is believed that the experiments performed
show that animals will not be become acclimatized
to carbon monoxide under the conditions
surrounding recovery work in mines, and hence
become less useful and even a source of danger.
It might be mentioned that this question has been
raised several times in discussing the use of small
animals for detecting after-damp in mines.
It should be mentioned that the two Canadian
investigators, G. G. Nasmith® and D. A. S. Graham,
found that the aoimals finally become acclimatized
by continued exposure, i. e., if a guinea
pig is exposed for days or weeks to small percentages,
it can finally stand exposure that
would otherwise kill it, but our tests have shown
that in the case of small animals which are quickly
removed to fresh air (after distress is shown)
and then exposed again for a reasonable number
of times, this acclimatization effect is not apparent.
The two methods of experimentation are not parallel.
It is pertinent to add that the effect Nasmith
and Graham observed in guinea pigs—an
increase in the red-blocd cells—has been observed
in men working around blast furnaces. Blastfurnace
gas contains a high percentage of carbon
monoxide.
EFFECTS ON THE DIFFERENT AXI.MAI.S OF THE SAME
PROPORTIONS OF CARBON MONOXIDE.
The Bureau has performed many experiments in
order to draw some conclusions regarding the effect
on different animals of the same species of a given
proportion of carbon monoxide. It was found
that in general a given proportion of carbon monoxide
affected different animals of the same species
in about the same length of time, at least as far as
the application of the results to the practical use
of the animals in mines is concerned, but that
once in a while an animal might behave markedly
different from what is expected. This is truer
of mice than of canaries, yet even in the case of
the latter several of them should be taken with an
exploration party.
HIE RELATIVE EFFECT OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF CARBON
MONOXIDE ON MEN AND SMALL ANIMALS.
In reading over accounts of rescue and recovery
work in mines, one is impressed with the fact
that some users of small animals have not been
entirely satisfied with the behavior of mice and
©The haemotology of carbon-monoxide poisoning.
Jour. Physiology, 1906, vol. 25, Nos. 1 and
2, pp. 32-52.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
birds, (especially mice), in that men have apparently
felt distress before the animals became affected.
The Bureau as the result of many experiments
made to determine the resistance of
small animals to carbon monoxide poisoning believes
it has the data at band which explains this
dissatisfaction.
It was found, for instance, that almost all of
the animals tried do not show sufficient distress
in one hour's time with 0.10 per cent, of carbon
monoxide to make them valuable for detecting
this percentage of the gas. In some cases the
length ot exposure was extended to three hours
without any effects being observed. In one case
only was a canary affected in so short a time as
12 minutes by 0.10 per cent, of carbon monoxide.
With another bird and tbe same percentage of
carbon monoxide, distress was scarcely observable
in three hours. Only a disposition to remain
quiet was observed. Eight different canaries
were used and six different mice. Only onemouse
out of many was slightly affected in so
short a time as 10 minutes with 0.10 per cent.,
but was not overcome in four hours. Neither
chickens nor pigeons were visibly distressed.
With 0.15 per cent, both canaries ancl mice began
to be affected. With 0.15 per cent, carbon monoxide
canaries showed distress in from 5 to 30
minutes. A mouse showed slight distress at the
end of an hour. With 0.20 per cent, canaries
responded in from two to five minutes except in
one case (35 minutes). Three mice responded in
12 minutes, and a fourth one in 46 minutes. No
blood tests were made, tbe object being to determine
tbe usefulness of the animals for mining
work, where their behavior as apparent to the
eye is the only guide. Haldane states that 0.06
per cent, carbon monoxide is sufficient to produce
distress symptoms in mice.® The author of
this paper does not hesitate to say that because
of his greater experience in experimenting with
small animals Dr. Haldane might detect outward
symptoms in a mouse that would escape the
author's attention. On the other hand, the author
has had greater experience than many of
those who might use small animals in mines.
Further, in the laboratory, observations are better
made than in the mine where the light may be
poor. Dr. Haldane made many experiments
with himself as the subject in determining the
effect of carbon monoxide on men.® He found
that 0.12 per cent, causes a mouse to sprawl in
©The relation of the action of carbonic acids
to oxvgen tension. J. S. Haldane. Jour. Physiology,
vol. 18, 1895, pp. 201-217.
®The action of carbon monoxide on man. John
Haldane, Jour. Physiology, vol. 18, 1S95. pp. 430-
462.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
11 minutes. Haldane felt a slight tendency to
palpitation in 33 minutes. In 90 minutes he had
distinct dimness of vision and hearing ancl a
slight tendency to stagger, besides abnormal panting
when he stopped the experiment long enough
to run up and down stairs. In two hours' time
vision and hearing became markedly impaired and
there was some confusion of mind. When the
mouse was finally removed from the cage it could
not move about. After 18 minutes from tbe
time of stopping Haldane had a distinct throbbing
headache which did not last long.
With 0.045 per cent, of carbon monoxide Haldane
did not notice any symptoms in the four
hours that the experiment was carried on, but
on running upstairs there was unusual panting,
slight palpitation, etc. A mouse was not distinctly
affected. In defining the minimum harmful
or poisonous percentage of carbon monoxide
Haldane states that 0.05 per cent, in pure air is
just sufficient to produce in time very slight
symptoms in man, ancl the s&me percentage produces
very slight symptoms in mice. He states
that 0.20 per cent, is very dangerous to man.
With 0.05 per cent, and thereabouts Haldane finds
that the gas finally begins to affect man and the
outward signs appear in mice.
Haldane's observations on mice are not entirely
in accord with those of the authors of this paper
The reasons are probably, as already stated, differences
in observation. The authors are convinced
from their experiments that in a mine
with poor light, and perhaps only hurried examination
of the animal, and by persons more or
less experienced in the action of the animals,
mice and canaries will not usually show distress
pronounced enough to give good warning with
0.10 per cent, or less of carbon monoxide. Haldane's
work shows that this percentage may finally
affect men—a headache in 40 or 50 minutes,
perhaps, or slight tendency to palpitation in less
time. This condition will be a considerable time
removed from actual distress or unsteadiness of
movement. At the end of 10 minutes one of the
authors had only a slight headache when he ex­
posed himself to 0.25 per cent, carbon monoxide
(in air). Later, however, he became very ill.
Canaries collapsed in just a few minutes.
In conection with the above laboratory experi­
ments the author has made observations regard­
ing the use of small animals in mines. One in­
stance is noteworthy, as follows:
A mine fire recently occurred and a sample of
mine gas was obtained that contained the follow­
ing constituents:
Per Cent.
CO, 110
02
18.61
CO 0.12
CH4
0.42
N, 79.75
Total 100.00
This sample was obtained in a place where exploration
work was being conducted. Canaries
carried with the party were not affected but two
of the men finally complained of a bad headache.
Later when they went to the surface they became
ill. One was indisposed all evening. The birds
were with the men continually.
These facts, although they appear damaging
against the use of small animals for the purpose
proposed, only militate in part against their usefulness.
They still remain, in the author's opinion,
the best indicators of carbon monoxide for
exploring parties in mines that we have. Canaries
will give ample warning of percentages of
carbon monoxide immediately dangerous to men.
When the proportion of carbon monoxide is 0.15
per cent., canaries wil show distress usually in
from 5 to 12 minutes. With 0.20 per cent, the
distress is apparent usually in from 2 to 6 minutes.
For distress to appear in men with these
percentages requires much longer time, although
in the case of some individuals the effects may,
when they do appear, last for hours. The author
has also determined this point experimentally,
as have others. Men cannot stand the exposure
to collapse from carbon monoxide as animals can.
Canaries and mice after distress and collapse recover
quickly if exposed to fresh air—only a matter
of minutes usually. In the case of men exposed
to collapse, recovery is often a matter of
days.
In assigning reasons for the different effects produced
on men and small animals by small quantities
(say 0.10 per cent, and under) of carbon
monoxide, the authors cf this paper would say
that it is largely a question of observation. The
blood of the animal is, of course, taking up the
carbon monoxide, but only slowly and to the extent
that even after a long* time, one hour or
more, tlie only effect in the animal may be a
slight sluggishness or disinclination to move
about. Men, on the other hand, especially when
moving about or doing hard work, absorb much
more oxygen and hence more carbon monoxide
than when at rest, and may finally feel a slight
or even a severe headache in the same gas mixture
that is only slightly or not affecting the animals
(as far as can be observed). The men may
even finally become very sick. It is not believed

that any pronounced acclimatization effect is produced
in an animal on a short exposure which
would account for the apparent resistance. It
must be remembered that a man is in an excellent
position to determine effects upon himseif
long before distress occurs, in the case of small
percentages of carbon monoxide.
When the carbon monoxide content of an atmosphere
is raised from 0.10 per cent, to say 0.15
per cent., the susceptibility of a canary or mouse
to the gas is markedly increased, as judged by
the action of the animal—so much more than in
the case of men that a canary especially may show
distress in 5 minutes, while a man may require
30 or more minutes. A man. if he exposes himself
this long, however, may finally become very
sick, and for longer periods, may become dangerously
so.
EFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON DIFFERENT .MEN.
The Bureau has compiled data from different
sources to show the efforts produced on different
persons by carbon monoxide. The fact is clearly
brought out that the gas may affect different persons
in a different manner. Long standing after
effects produced in people by severe poisoning,
although apparently rare, are by no means unknown.
It appears to be the evidence usually
that recovery from exposure is complete, but that
in the case of some individuals long standing after
effects may follow. These after effects on different
people cannot be connected absolutely with
any degree of exposure, i. e., one short exposure
to large percentages, repeated exposures to large
percentages as usually happens in the case of
blast furnace gas, or slow exposure to collapse
with small percentages of the gas, as in the case
of miners exposed to the smaller percentages that
are found in mines following explosions. In the
case of the same individual the final blood saturation
is what counts. The point is that different
people may withstand different degrees of blood
saturation. In the case of blast furnace men,
the same men may be exposed to collapse or severe
temporary sickness time and again. Usually, as
far as can be observed from their behavior, they
retain their normal condition, although, as has
been pointed out by Thomas Oliver,® severe after
effects may linger for two years. This appears
lo be exceptional An Illinois commission appointed
to inquire into conditions around steel
plants, found it hard to separate effects on steel
workers produced by bad living conditions and
those produced on some of the men by carbon
monoxide, although they were inclined to the view
that carbon monoxide poisoning had considerable
lo do with the generally poor condition of some
©Thomas Oliver. Diseases of Occupation, p. 67
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
of the employes. The exact action of the gas in
producing bad nervous disorders still remains
somewhat obscure. Some do not believe the action
so simple as to merely temporarily deprive
the system of oxygen, as in the case of suffocation,
although most of the good experimental evidence
points to this view. An analogy has to
do with men who work at high altitudes or suddenly
ascend to extreme heights in balloons, where
the oxygen tension is very low. Different individuals
also may be affected differently at high
altitudes. One must believe that in cases both
of carbon monoxide poisoning and oxygen deprivation
by other causes, the idiosyncrasy of the individual
plays an important part. Others have
laid much stress on this point.
As regards acclimatization to the gas, it has
been strikingly shown that guinea pigs may become
immune. The compensation found in pigs
has also been in part observed in men. The redblood
cells increase to compensate for those put
out of action by the carbon monoxide. How long
this may continue without pronounced distress on
the part of the men is important.
Repeated exposure to carbon monoxide may
occur in the case of miners, in those who do the
shot-firing. Blasting explosives always produce
some carbon monoxide in coal mines. Men may
return too quickly to the working face (before
gases have disappeared), to examine their shot,
and thus expose themselves to percentages, usually
small, of the gas. Where large shots are
fired, where the ventilation is poor, and where
the working faces are too far ahead of the last
breakthrough, contact by men with harmful percentages
of carbon nionoxide and other poisonous
gases may follow. Miners at some mines frequently
go home sick from powder smoke. Tbe
general effect of such exposure on them cannot
be anything but bad.
In the conduct of exploration work one sometimes
hears it said that certain individuals of a
party were able to withstand atmospheres that
caused distress in other members of the same
party. This may be true because some men are
more affected than others by the same proportions
of the gas, but one or two other causes must
be kept in mind. After-damp in different parts
of a mine (in some places quite close together)
will differ much in composition, to the extent that
in one place a very small and insignificant amount
of carbon monoxide might be present, while at
another place, close by. a harmful proportion might
exist. One person in a party unknowingly might
encounter the latter atmosphere while his comrades
do not. Another reason usually less apparent
to an exploring party has to do with the fact
that the amount of carbon monoxide absorbed

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
depends, of course, upon the air breathed. A
man at rest may breathe 7 or 8 liters of air per
minute. By even moderate exertion this can be
increased to 3 or 4 times that quantity. It follows
that if one or more members of an exploring
party work harder than others they will become
poisoned more quickly than the others.
SUMMARY.
1. Small animals may be used repeatedly in
exploration work without becoming less useful as
indicators of carbon monoxide.
2. Of the more common small animals, canaries
are best adapted for exploration work.
3. Men may feel distress, especially if they
work hard, in the presence of small proportions
of carbon monoxide (0.10 per cent, or under)
when animals at rest in their cages do not show
it distinctly.
4. It is found occasionally that different animals
of the same species may be affected differently
by the same proportion of carbon monoxide;
hence more than one animal should be used at a
time.
The conclusions given are drawn from the author's
work on small animals and men, from the
work of J. S. Halldane on small animals and men,
from the accounts of exploration work of users of
small animals (especially mice), and some miscellaneous
observations by the authors on the use
of small animals and general effects of carbon
nionoxide.
At the seventh annual meeting of the Western
Coal Operators' association, held at Fernie, Alberta,
recently, Lewis Stockett, general superintendent
of the coal mines branch of the Natural
Resources department, Canadian Pacific railroad.
was elected president; J. C. Reid, general manager
for the Chinook Coal Co., Ltd., Lethbridge, Alta..
vice president, and W. F. McNeil, of Calgary, secretary-treasurer
for the ensuing year.
iYOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land to be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
5 The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
: Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
j Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
I Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
INDIANA COMPANY GETS EIGHTEEN MINES
The IS coal mines in Western Kentucky purchased
by the Deep Water Coal Co., Evansville,
lnd.. with their location, are:
Keystone, Henderson; People's, Henderson; Baskett,
Baskett; Spottsville, Spottsville; Bluff City,
Bluff City; Corydon, Corydon; Waverly, Waverly;
Sebree, Sebree; Rose Creek, Nebo; Bell Union,
Marion; Crittenden, DeKoven; Sunset, Madisonville;
Coyle, Madisonville; River and Rail, Morganfield;
Morganfield, Morganfield; Thomas, Morganfield;
Newburg, Newburg; and Kingston, Morton's
Gap.
They are all going operations.
Tenders are invited by the Egyptian Ministry
of Public Works for an air compressing plant for
the municipality of Port Said. The contract includes
five air compressors driven by crude oil
engines or four steam-driven air compressors and
boilers, also air receivers, water coolers, piping,
and all auxiliary machinery. Tenders will be received
until March 5, and specifications, etc., may
be obtained from the Controller General, Main
Drainage Department, Ministry of Public Works,
Cairo, Egypt, upon payment of $15, which will not
be refunded.
The Wehrum, Pa., mines of the Lackawanna
Coal & Coke Co. Feb. 5 broke all records by mining
2,008 tons of coal in eight hours.
Wanted—Situation.
Man (age thirty) fifteen years in general offices
of large Bituminous coal corporation, at present
assistant head bookkeeper, general knowledge of
accounting; would like to make a change.
Address P. L., care "THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
coal land in fee. Seven hundred and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Situated
on the Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & O. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily produce
fifty (50,000) thousand tons per month. Price,
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dollars.
($150,000 cash, and balance to suit @ 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
PEALE. PEACOCK & RERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
"EGisffREO U.S.PATENTC
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708-2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The Interstate Conference—Confers.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 19)
all necessities, ancl furthermore, that the consumers
of coal, both for power and domestic use,
must for the general welfare of the public, be
supplied at a reasonable price, we offer the following:
That the Cleveland Agreement now in effect be
the contract for four years ending March 31, 1918,
with the following additional provisions and exceptions*.
First. In entering into an agreement, the rights
of the employers and of the owners of property
must be recognized, and those rights can only be
modified or abridged b\ the specific terms in such
agreement stipulated.
Second. That the machine differential in Illinois
and Indiana must be adjusted on a basis that
will be more favorable to the operators of those
states.
Third. We demand that in any contract entered
into the so-called check-off or collection of dues or
assessments as the miners' union have heretofore
levied or assessed and collected by the check-off
system through the operators be discontinued.
Fourth. The establishment of a Court of Last
Resort to which disputes which threaten the suspension
of properties shall be taken, and by that
means avoid the altogether too prevalent and notorious
practice by the United Mine Workers' local
and state bodies of enforcing settlements on their
own terms in violation of the provisons of the
provisions of the agreements.
Fifth. Provide penalties in form of stipulated
fines for violation of contracts by both parties
when properties are closed in violation of the
agreement.
Sixth. For the protection of life ancl property
the operators' right to employ such supervising
officers as they may deem necessary shall not be
questioned and that they shall not be dominated
by the United Mine Workers in any respect.
Following are the principals in the conference:
Western Pennsylvania Operators: W. W. Keefer,
W. M. Henderson, W. A. Luce, S. A. Taylor, Michael
Galligher, G. W. Schluederberg, J. A. Donaldson,
W. K. Field.
Western Pennsylvania Miners: Van Bittner,
Charles Pritchard, Robert Wood, Philip Murray,
James Charlton, John O'Leary, William Teare.
Ohio Operators: H. L. Chapman, E. A. Cole, W.
R. Woodford. S. H. Robbins, G. C. Weitzell, C. E.
Maurer, Edward Johnson, A. A. Augustus.
Ohio Miners: John Moore, Lee Hall, G. W.
Savage, Charles Albasin, L. D. Davis, W. F. Lincks,
John Saxton, W. C. Thompson,
Indiana Bituminous Operators: J. C. Kolsem,
Hugh Shirkie, P. H. Penna, David Tngle. A. M.
Ogle, H. B. Talley.
Indiana Block Operators: M. L. Gould, J. H.
McClelland.
Indiana Bituminous Miners: William Houston,
Charles Fox, K. S. Whitington, James Smith, John
Hessler, B. F. Hixon.
Indiana Block Miners: Lawrence Garrigues,
Edney Buck.
Illinois Coal Operators' Association: W. L.
Schmick, A. J. Moorshead, F. S. Peabody, E. T.
Bent, James Forrester, S. A. Shafer.
Fifth ancl Ninth District, Illinois: Thomas T.
Brewster, John P. Reese.
Illinois Miners: Duncan McDonald, Joseph Pope,
James Lord, Frank Hefferley, George McArtor,
D. E. Childers, Ben Williams, Barney Flaherty.
The conference organized with Mr. Schmick of
Illinois chairman: William Green, secretary-treasurer
of the miners, secretary, and John Zelenka,
commissioner of the Eastern Ohio Operators' Association,
assistant secretary.
COURT UPHOLDS RIGHT OF TROOPS TO
HOLD PRISONERS IN STRIKE ZONE.
The right of the military authorities to arrest
and detail individuals in connection with strike
disorders, was upheld by Judge A. W. McHendrie
of the Third judicial district of Colorado in a
ruling handed down at Trinidad, Col., Feb. 4, in
which a writ of habeas corpus in the ease of James
llavis, marsbal of Aguilar, was discharged and he
was remanded to the custody of Gen. John Chase.
Similar action was taken in the cases of Albert
Hill, Robert McGuire and Antonio Lamont, officials
of the United Mine Workers of America, who also
are held as military prisoners.
Hill, McGuire and Davis were arrested by the
military authorities lcllowing the action of the
military commission which investigated strike
disorders in the vicinity of Aguilar and which in
a formal finding, charged the three men with being
implicated in some of the outbreaks.
Steps to secure their release, and that of Antonio
Lamont, an organizer held for picketing,
were taken by counsel of the I'nited Mine Workers
of America.
Arguments on the petitions occupied three days
and were concluded Saturday night since which
time Judge McHendrie had held the cases under
advisement.
In announcing the ruling Judge McHendrie held
that tbe cases are a parallel of tbe Moyer case
in all essential principles.
"The differences are technical and do not affect
in any wise tbe underlying legal principles found
in each of the cases," he declared.
Counsel for the prisoneis was granted 30 days
in which to file a bill of exceptions. An appeal
is certain to be taken.

PRODUCTION OF PORTLAND CEMENT IN 1913
According to returns received by the United
States Geological suivey up to Jan. 12, 1914, it is
estimated by Ernest F. Burchard, that the quantity
of Portland cement manufactured in the United
States in 1913 was approximately 92,406,000
barrels, compared with 82,438,096 barrels in 1912,
an increase of about 9,967,900 barrels, or 12 per
cent. The estimated shipments of Portland cement
during 1913 were 88,853,000 barrels, compared
with 8-3,012,550 barrels in 1912, an increase of
about 3.840,00 barrels, or 4.5 per cent. On account
of a large surplus of production over shipment:;
stocks of cement at the mills apparently increased
more than 45 per cent., or lrom 7,811.329
barrels in 1912 to ll.375.Ouo barrels at tbe close
of 1913.
Although few defnite statements as to selling
prices are at hand it is evident that the average
*,alue per barrel was appreciably higher than in
1912. Increases of 10 to 25 cents a barrel are reported
from several plants in the central and
eastern states, tut there were slight decreases reported
from a few plants in the Rocky mountain
district.
Two new plants, both in Washington, were added
to the list of producers during 1913.
The Elkins Coal & Coke Co. has seemed a contract
for 10,000 tons of coal per month during
1914 from the O'Neil Sons Co. of New York, and
shipments were started during January.
The Davis Coal & Coke Co. is enlarging its
offices at Cumberland, Md., under the direction
of Vice President A. XV. Calloway to accommodate
the entire headquarters force of the company,
which is being moved from Baltimore, Md.
TIIE COAI. TRADE BULLETIN. 63
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
Tbe following recently granted patents of interest
to tbe coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAL TKAIU: BULLETIN by Nesbit & Doolittle,
Patent Attorneys, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for
15 cents each:
Valve stem for acetylene lamps, A. I,. Hansen.
Evanston. 111.; 1,084,145.
Cutter bead for mining machines, Joseph Tuck,
Hawks Nest, XX. Va.; 1,084,871.
Igniter for miners' lamps, L. I). Vaughn and
Theodore Miller. Grafton, W. Va.; 1,084,872.
Coal washer, Stephen Stepanian, Columbus, O.;
1,084,909.
Derrick for mines. J. E. Jones, Carneysville,
Wyo.; 1.085,208.
Mine car wheel. H. W. Sanford, Knoxville, Tenn.;
1.085,302.
Cableway, S. S. Webber, Trenton. N. J., assignor
to the Trenton Iron Co., same place; 1,085,049.
Sprag. J. H. Levers, Kearsarge, .Mich.; 1,085.091.
Drill holding head for miners' drills. C. E. Holt,
Washingtonvilie, and P. R. Raueb, Lcetonia, O.,
assignors to the Leetonia Tool Co., same place;
1,085,811.
Coke quencher, Alfred Brunner and Wilhelm
Sehondeling, Germany; 1,OSS,845.
Coal breaker and cleaner, G. W. Borton, Haddonfield,
N. J., and J. L. Hiller, East Mattapoisett,
Mass., assignors to Pennsylvania Crusher Co., Philadelphia.
Byrne Brothers, of Scottdale, Pa., have purchased
the Whyle Coal & Coke Co. holdings in
Sewickley township, Westmoreland county. Pa.
Tbe works are located near Madison. The consideration
is said to be $70,000.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
PENNSYLVANIA.

(il THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTMORELAND COAL CO.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE,
224 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLLIERY OWNERS. MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
THEE STANDARD
WESTMORELAND COAL
MINES LOCATED IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.
This Coal fs unexcelled for gas-making, both in illuminating and for producer work.
For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high-pressure
steaming, and In all places where a strong and pure fuel is required, it has no equal.
JAMES G. GEEGAN. GENERAL MANAOER F. J. MULLHOLAND. SALES MANAOER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATIOIV FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL 'PHONE, 2517 COURT P & A 'PHONE, M 151
J. H. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
N MINER* AND SHIPPER*
| HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
: ANALYSIS :
Moisture 153 BEST FOR STEAM AND
! Volatile Matter - 35.96 _^^-„ _-^--,_ _- „_^
| Fixed Carbon - - - - 56.34 DOMESTIC USES
Ash 6.17
j Sulphur - - - - - 1.79
| B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3 ° ffic « : ' 3 ' 5 Pa * Building, PITTSBURGH.
| Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, Bell Phones, Grant 1822-1823-1824
! Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.

RAM BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, MARCH 2, 1914 No. 7
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1914, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TUADE BULLETIN,
026-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
rEntered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
-Second Class Mail Matter.]
FROM EVERY COAL TRADE CENTER in the country
comes the report of better trade and better pros­
pects in the near future for the coal industry.
This is not confined alone to distributing centers,
but large centers of consumption make similar
reports, generally through the medium oi increased
activity at the mills and factories, the whole tend­
ing to prove that the low mark has been passed
and that the market is on the up grade with a
strong steady pull. The weather may have had
considerable to do with this and undoubtedly has
had. For during the fortnight just closing there
has been some of the most severe weather of the
winter, with unusually low temperatures and bliz­
zards that kept things humming wherever they
swept. Demand has been better in all branches of
the trade, and the decrease in the number of idle
cars during the first half of the month just closed
is likely to be followed by a still larger decrease
when the figures are available for the last half
of the month.
The labor situation does not show much change,
mines' having little difficulty in getting operating
forces at this time. It is true a large number of
I lie employes are at their annual pleasant task of
legislating for the union, but this seems to have
little effect on the operation of the pits. The
wage conference at Philadelphia was another of
the meetings directly connected with the labor
side of the trade that took up the attention of the
industry, even if its results have not yet been
made apparent.
In the Pittsburgh district operations continue on
practically the same basis they were at midmonth.
with some considerable addition to demand, but
not enough to increase lories or lengthen num­
ber of days mines are in operation. Any further
increase in demand, however, will result in more
activity at mines as they aie now having all
they can do to keep up with the consumptive de­
mand. The district was hit. during* the fort­
night by some of tiie heaviest winter weather it
has had for several years, and the result has been
a decided benefit to the trade. One of the things
that is notable at this time is that the demand
is sufficiently heavy to keep up prices without the
necessity of boosting. Producers who are in the
market are having no difficulty in obtaining cant
rates for all the coal they have on tracks, and they
are not asked to shade anything on prices. The
prospects of increased activity in the iron and
steel trade has more effect in this district, per­
haps, than in any other, and as the reports uni­
formly seem good along that line, tlie coal man
has a pleasant prospect in view. With mines
running fairly steady and demand on the in­
crease, prices are held firmly at $1.30 to $1.40 for
run-of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for three-quarter
coal: $1.30 to $1.00 for inch and one quarter coal,
and 90 cents for slack.
Coke makers seem more encouraged just at this
time than they have for some months and as steel
mills ancl furnaces are operating from 70 to 75
per cent, of capaciiy, the outlook is one of promise
lor the manufacturers. The very fact that loi*
the last four weeks for which figures are available
the tonnage of the Connellsville district has been
above the three hundred thousand tons per week
mark, indicates how this upward tendency in the
trade is more than holding its own. What is
more encouraging is the fact that there is a report

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Of a contract price for long delivery at $2.25 whis­
pered of which tends to confirm the optimistic views
held by the coke makers during the past few weeks.
Reports also are at hand of the furnace interests
having drawn on and shipped from their stock
piles, the while they are making preparations to
fire additional ovens. Over 200 ovens were fired
during the last week for which reports are avail­
able, and the tonnage increase during the same
period was over three thousand tons, showing the
steady upward turn of the market. Prices are
held firmly by manufacturers at $2.50 to $2.75 for
furnace coke and $3.50 to $3.75 fo;- foundry coke.
The anthracite trade is not showing the activity
of the other branches of the trade, and reports of
collieries being idle are not infrequent. Reports
of sidings crowded with loaded cars of coal also
are heard and there seems to be a lessened con­
sumption just at this time. Even with this con­
dition existing, it is expected that the month just
closed will show a greater tonnage than did the
initial month of the year when the total was
somewhat lower than it had been for the same
month for several years. As the anthracite trade
is becoming more and more one of domestic uses,
the mild weather of the mid-month may have
caused the accumulation of stocks and when next
we hear of conditions they will show a decidedly
different aspect. Prices are held firm at the
winter circular rates.
AlUOl IINJIIvV'I SINE DIE HAS BEEN THE FATE OF THE
JOINT WAOE CONFERENCE that has been in session
in Philadelphia for more than half the month of
February. That does not signify that negotia­
tions are off and that the trade is going to the
demnition bow wows. Far from it. It probably
is just to give both opeiators and miners an oppor­
tunity to rally their forces, consider more fully
the things that have been done, and formulate
their plans for another conference to be held some
lime during tlie present month in order that either
a conclusion may be reached ere the present con­
tract expires the last day of this month or that
negotiations may still be in progress, and thus
permit of the continued operations of the mines
while the prices that will regulate mining for an­
other two or four years—or whatever period may­
be selected—are being fixed. One thing was no­
ticeable during the entire conference, and that
was the stand of the operators against any addi­
tion to the present cost of niining.
* * *
ANOTHER "FREIGHT RATE HAS UEEX ALLOWED TO
STAND by the I. C. C, that from the Pittsburgh
district to the Valleys on coal and coke. The
ease has been pending for more than two years,
and the decision is one that will aid materially
in clearing up the situation in this and surrounding
districts.
. * .
INVESTIGATION OF THE LATE STRIKE IN THE COLO­
RADO FIELDS by a Congressional committee is on.
The testimony has been along lines usually developed
in such cases, and has, as yet, failed to show
any foundation in fact for many of the charges
that were made against the mine owners and the
military in charge of the strike. It remains to
be seen just what testimony in rebuttal the state
may have to offer, as well as what the mine
owners may place before the committee.
Illinois miners will demand a six-hour day, a
four-day week and pays on Friday. And, may we
ask, will they have their noonday lunch brought
to them by the butler, or will the second footman
perform the task? Talk about your coal barons,
Wheel
* . .
Congressmen are probing in Colorado. But the
probe isn't finding the bullet in the body politic
just where the agitators would like it to be found.
From testimony already at hand some bony coal
already has been shunted onto the dump.
. *. .
Let's hope the March hare doesn't forget his
business and send us some real spring weather.
If he does, it's time for him to lie down with the
lion instead of the lamb, and inside the lion at
that.
* * *
Chief Henry has joined the ranks of those state
officials who will punish reckless miners. With
a few more getting on the wagon, watch the accidents
decrease.
* * *
Br'er Groundhog, yo shore am de coal man's
friend. Yo got de weather man daid'r er 'possum
when he har de dawgs a zoonin' tro de woods.
* * *
"The Wage Conference—Conferred" was the idea
at the middle of February. It still holds good,
with two words added, "and Adjourned."

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. '2.3
INTERSTATE WAGE CONFERENCE DISAGREES
The joint interstate wage conference of miners parently could be made and that possibly some-
and operators in the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, thing could be done back home in the districts.
Philadelphia, finally disagreed the afternoon of Adjournment followed by unanimous consent. Pre-
February 26 and adjourned without date. The viously in a meeting of all the operators the ln-
adjournment is not regarded as final. There will diana representatives declared that they
in all probability be another conference jointly WOULD LEAVE THE CONFERENCE
of these fields, Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indi- that day regardless of results.
ana and Illinois, or most of them, and the pros­
pects are that an agreement will be made which
practically will be a renewal of the Cleveland
agreement of two years ago.
The break-up of the conference ostensibly came
over clause three of the Cleveland agreement,
which provides that nothing be done with mat­
ters affecting the several districts and referred
back to them which will add to the cost of pro­
duction. In fact
A MEASURE OF UNION POLITICS
entered into the breaking up of the conference.
An agreement was very near and without presum­
ing may be said to be practically made. Clause
3 of the Cleveland agreement follows:
"That internal differences be referred for ad­
justment to tbe various districts affected, it being
understood that nothing shall be done in district
or sub-district conventions that will increase the
cost of production, or reduce the earning capacity
of the men."
Efforts were made to alter this or write a sub­
stitute for it which would satisfy the miners, but
it could not be done. The issues were referred
to a sub or scale committee on Feb. 16. which re­
ported disagreement Feb. 24. The next day the
conference again
REFERREI) ALL QUESTIONS
On Feb. 14. when the report of the last issue
of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, closed, the eleven
ME. W. K. FIEI.H.
President of the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
to the scale committee but confined the committee's
work by arranging for it to report back in 24
hours. The committee was ready to report disagreement
then, but was kept waiting till late in
the day, Feb. 2fi, while the miners' international
officials and the scale committee representatives
demands of the miners were quickly voted down.
The following proposition was presented by President
White of the miners:
"At a meeting of representatives of operators
and miners of Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indi­
from the four states attempted to iron out their
ana and Illinois, held in Indianapolis, lnd., Jan­
differences. The result was that when the conference
did assemble, after a long wait, President
uary 15, 1914. the following action was taken:
" 'We declare in favor of continuance of operations
of the mines pending negotiations of the
Houston of the Indiana miners moved for ad- wage scale, but refer further consideration of this
journment sine die, saying that no progress ap- subject to the Interstate Joint Conference.'
>

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"In conformity to this declaration which was
concurred in by the International convention of
the United Mine Workers of America, held in In­
dianapolis, lnd., commencing January 20, 1914,
we, the mine workers' representatives, declare ourselves
as being* opposed to a suspension of niining
and in favor of a
CONTINUANCE ill WORK
pending a settlement of the different wage scales
in all states and districts hire represented.
"We favor this policy in the interest of industrial
peace and uninterrupted mine operation. We
stand ready to give force and effect to* this announced
policy, fully relying upon the fairness and
honesty of purpose of the participants in this joint
wage conference to ultimately bring about a settlement
of tlie wage scale."
A motion to refer the matter to a sub-committee
of one from each side and each state was voted
down. Operator Charles E. Maurer of Ohio offered
the following revised arbitration plan:
"As a substitute proposition, and one that will
absolutely settle these disputes for all time we
recommend the following:
"That, in these and all future negotiations, in
which no settlements have been reached prior to
the expiration of the existing wage agreement.
that all questions and controversies lie submitted.
without restriction, to
AN ARUITR -HON UoAl'D.
and that we agree to abide by the decision of such
board, and that pending the final decision of such
Arbitration Board the mineis continue to work
on the basis of the award of the board."
These matters were pending when adjournment
was taken to Monday, February 16. On that date
Phil Penna of the Indiana operators brought in
the following* substitute which was passed:
"We offer tlie following as a substitute for Mr.
White's proposition:
"That if an interstate agreement is arrived at
prior to April first that we jointly agree that the
mines in the various states ancl districts here
represented shall continue at work pending negotiations
of state and district contracts."
Under this decision there must be an interstate
agreement by April 1 if the miners are to effect
their new
POLICY ot No SUSPENSION,
that is if the Interstate conference reconvenes.
They could also in their policy committee of
eight or more from the 26 organized states and
districts approve renewals of the present agreements
and authorize continuance of work. Hut
another conference will be the means most favored.
On this date, Feb. 16, the conference re­
ferred all issues to a sub or scale committee of
two representatives from each state and each
side with the miners' international officials act­
ing ex-officio. The following composed the scale
committee: For the operators—George W. Schluederberg
and W. W. Keefer, Pittsburgh; E. A. Cole
and Charles E. Maurer, Ohio; Hugh Shirkie and
P. H. Penna. Indiana; W. L. Schmick and A. J.
Moorshead, Illinois. For the miners—Van Bittner
and Robert Woods, Pittsburgli; John Moore
and G. W. Savage, Ohio; William Houston and
Charles Fox, Indiana; Joseph Pope and Duncan
.McDonald. Illinois. President White of the miners
was made chairman of the committee and C.
MR. J. C. KOLSEM.
A Leader of Indiana Operators.
E. McLaughlin, of tlie Illinois operators, secretary.
Tlie sub-committee took up the issues from day
to day (ill on Feb. 24 it was ready to
REPORT DISAGREEMENT.
This wtis done the next day, when the questions
were again assigned to the committee to report
back the afternoon of Feb. 26, as previously stated.
On Feb. IS the representatives of the Eastern
Ohio operators sent out the following statement to
their constituents:
(Continued on page 55)

CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA MINE WORKERS
HOLD FIRST BIENNIAL CONVENTION.
The first biennial convention of District 2, Uni­
ted Mine Workers of America, met at Dubois. Pa.,
Feb. 24, with James Purcell, vice president, presid­
ing in the absence of Patrick Gilday, who is re­
ceiving treatment in a Philadelphia hospital Ap­
proximately 250 delegates from the 11 counties in
the district were present.
secretary, Charles O'Neil, read the president's re-
secretary, Charles O'Neil. read the pcrsident's re­
port, which covered the work of the mineis' or­
ganization for the past two years.
After treating* on the scale under which the men
have been working for two years. President Gilday
urges the necessity of the members becoming
affiliated with tbe State Federation of labor. He
recommends that the influem e of the U. M. W. of A.
be used in the state legislature for better buildings
for the department of mines and mining at State
College Noimal school, and asks that one or more
scholarships be given to the sons of members of
the organization as rewards for efficiency and en­
couragement to the young men in their efforts to
secure an education.
President Gilday's report deals at length with
the efforts of the officers and legislative commit­
tee of the U. M. W. of A. to secure favorable legis­
lation at Harrisburg. Of the seven different labor
bills presented to the legislature and endorsed by
the miners' organization, one, the semi-monthly-
pay law, was successful.
President Gilday also recommends in his report
the establishing* of an official newspaper in the dis­
trict and asks the convention to request the dis­
trict executive hoard to take such steps as may be
necessary to bring this ai.out.
The report of Richard Gilbert, secretary-treas­
urer, deals with the membership growth as well
as the financial growth of the organization and
gives the receipts and expenditures dining the year
in itemized form. The total membership Jan. 31,
1914, was 37,903, a gain during the past year of
5,258. There have been 257 death claims paid dur­
ing the year ending Jan. 31, amounting to $21,350.
According* to the secretary-treasurer's report the
organization is in better financial standing than it
has ever been. The total receipts for the year
amounted to $377,S85.69 and the total expenditures
were $364,624.S2. In checkweighmen's wages there
was paid $249,433.10. The report shows that there
is a balance cash on hand of $98,830.32, and that
the total resources of the organization, including
property owned and a ban of $25,00o to the national
union, to be $141,862.41.
Five years ago the district voted in favor of cen­
tralization. A number of tlie delegates at this
convention have instruction from their local unions
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 26
to work to bring* about the old form of sub-dis­
trict government. An effort will also be made to
change the conventions to yearly.
At the second day's sessions the report of the
resolutions committee occupied the greater part
of the day, anil nut many resolutions of impel tain c
were touched on before the hour for adjournment
an ived.
During the day the membership of the Scale com­
mittee was selected in caucus by (he delegates
and is: Territory Xo. 1. Richard Crago, Barnes­
boro; Joseph McCoy, Hastings. No. 2, Harr>
Crago, Morrisdale; Andy Bottomley, Phillips-burg.
No. 3, James Feeley, iJunlo: Robert Bates, Beaver­
dale. No. f. Lorraine Abbott, Robertsdale; Pat­
rick Dolan, Hopewell. No. 6, W. S. Davidson.
Marion Center; William Broad, Clearfield. No. 7,
Eugene Tormey, Osceola; Hugh McGinity, Osceola.
No. 8, John Watson, Dubois; E. B. Thomas, kim-
ersburg; No. 9, Robert Lindie, Morris Run; Fred
Boncer, Arnot.
At the third day's sessions, Feb. 26, the conven­
tion adopted a resolution condemning the delegates
to the national convention for voting the increased
salary for the national officers of the union, and a
resolution permitting the local unions to adopt
a sick and accident fund if they so desired.
Territory No. 5, that had failed to elect mem­
bers of the scale committee on the previous day
chose James Marks and James Barron.
When the matter of the salaries of the diti ict
officers came up it was decided to get the figures
showing the average paid by all the districts in
the United States and then submit tlie matter to
a referendum vote.
The centralization question, that had been looked
upon as one of the important ones ol the conven­
tion, was disposed of dining Ihe late afternoon
of this day, when, by a vote of 70 to 57, the eon­
vention ruled that it did not want resolutions on
the subject read before the convention. The oppo­
nents of centralization had permitted the oppor­
tunity to pass by when that section of the consti­
tution was under consideration and the convention
therefore voted not to take it up further.
Mine Inspector Joseph Williams has made infor­
mation before Alderman Hite of Altoona, charging
F. H. Bradley, a Bennington, Pa., operator, with
violating that section of the mining laws which
makes it unlawful for a mine owner to operate a
mine employing over lo men without having in
charge a foreman, who has passed his examination
and holds a foreman's certificate.
Hugh and Thomas Lochrie, doing business in
Butler county, Pa., as Lochrie Bros, have dis­
solved partnership, and Thomas Lochrie of Wind­
ber, Pa., continue the business individually.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PITTSBURGH DISTRICT MINE WORKERS
HOLD SHORT SESSION OF CONVENTION
AND ADJOURN TO AWAIT RESULTS OF
CONFERENCE IN PHILADELPHIA.
The annual convention of the United Aline
Workers of District No. 5, met in Labor Temple.
Pittsburgh, Feb. 17. The sessions of the convention
lasted just one day and then an adjournment
was had to await the result of the wage conference
in Philadelphia.
When the eonvention opened the usual preliminaries
were had, including addresses from prominent
labor leaders of the state, and then President
Van Bittner read his annual report. It showed
successful organization work in the Mercer-Butler
and Allegheny Valley fields: announced an increase
in membership during the year of nearly
5.000; urged that operators be obliged to furnish
safety lamps free of charge to the miners in gaseous
mines: denounced the defeat of the workmen's
compensation law at the last session of the legislature,
ancl predicted that the time was at hand
for labor to organize on the political field as it
has done on the industrial field.
In touching on machine mining, he brought out
that 75 per cent, of the coal produced in the Pittsburgh
district is mined with machines. He urged
affiliation with the Pennsylvania Federation of
Labor, and active support of the co-operative store
idea. Peace within the district reigns to a greater
degree than ever before. President Bittner concluded.
He also made the statement in the report that
the scale committee wouid ask for an increase of
5 cents per ton in the price of mining, making it
$1.05, and further said that the mine-run basis
for payment would be demanded, and that he
would not sign any wage agreement that did not
contain the mine-run provision.
The committees appointed for the convention
are:
Constitution—Philip Murray, Hazel Kirk; William
Teare, Grove City; Ralph Naylor, Burgettstown;
David Hickey, Castle Shannon; J. H. Porter.
Jacobs Creek.
Resolutions—F. P. Hanaway, Noblestown; James
McClain, Moon Run; Thomas McHenry, Canonsburg;
Roy Porter, Manown; John Lafferty, Fayette
City.
Grievances--William Hargest, Monongahela;
Thomas Winn. Fayette City; Michael Egan, Suterville;
John Gorman, Oakdale; Thomas Hughes.
Meadowlands.
Officers' Reports—Duncan Ferguson, Brownsville;
Samuel Pangbourne, Houston Run: Frank
Plummeret, Sturgeon: Patrick Carrigan, Cherry-
Valley: D. C. Blose, Kaylor.
Order and Rules—Sidney Davis, Suterville: Fred
Gullick, Ellsworth; Michael Dugan, Roscoe; John
Tinsley, Van Voorbis; P. J. Murphy, Cherry Valley.
President Bittner will be chairman of the wage
scale committee, which will include Vice President
Pritchard, Secretary-Treasurer Wood and the members
of the district executive board; F. P. Hanaway
of Noblestown; James Charlton of Fair Haven:
William Hargest of Monongahela; John
O'Leary of Roscoe; Sidney Davis of Blythedale,
and William Teare of Grove City.
Following the appointment of the committees
a motion to adjourn the convention until a date
not later than March 23 was made, and was carried
by a narrow margin.
THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION
PROMISES FREIGHT RATE DECISION BY
JULY 1st.
Decision by the Interstate Commerce Commission
on the proposed freight rate increases is
expected to be reached probably within three
months and certainly before the commission adjourns
for its summer recess on July 1. This
announcement substantially, made by Commissioner
Harlan Feb. 19. He said:
"Recognizing the public importance of an early
disposition of the problems before us here, the
carriers, shippeis and the commission are using
every effort to bring the hearing to an early conclusion,
and there is reason to think the record
on the main issues in the case may be closed and
the arguments had in time to enable the commission
to dispose of those questions before the summer
recess."
Commissioner Harlan explained that tlie commission
bad before it two broad inquiries in respect
of the proposed advance:
Are the present revenues of the carriers adequate?
If not, how may they be supplemented?
"With respect to the first of these issues, the
carriers have already offered much testimony, but
their witnesses have not been cross-examined; nor
have the investigations by the commission on that
question been completed. We are also advised
that certain shipping interests will submit important
testimony touching the adequacy of the
present revenues of carriers, In aid of an understanding
of the first question and of a proper solution
of the second question, the commission, as I
explained at a recent hearing, has also addressed
certain inquiries to carriers which they have not
yet been able to fully answer. Pending the preparation
by the railroads of their replies we have
been hearing the protests of shippers against the
proposed increases in rates on certain particular
(Continued on page 601

CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE CONDUCTS
INVESTIGATION OF COLORADO STRIKE.
The Congressional sub-committee appointed to
investigate the Colorado strike, took up its work
recently and now is in the Colorado coal fields,
going into the details of the strike.
This sub-committee, consisting of Representatives
Martin D. Foster, Illinois, chairman; James
Francis Byrne, South Carolina; John M. Evans,
Montana; Richard Wilson Austin, Tennessee, and
Howard Sutherland, West Virginia, began its work
with a conference with Gov. Ammons of Colorado
and Jesse F. Welborn, president of the Colorado
Fuel & Iron Co.; John C. Osgood, president of the
Victor American Fuel Co.; D. W. Brown, president
of the Rocky Mountain Fuel Co., and Frank E.
Gove and Fred E. Herrington, attorneys, representing
the operators, and John McLennan, president
of District 15, United Mine Workers of America;
John R. Law-son, member of the union's international
executive board, and James H. Brewster,
attorney.
After some minor testimony had been heard,
Mr. John C. Ogden, chairman of the board of directors
of the Victor-American Fuel Co., was placed
on the witness stand to tell of the strike from the
operators' viewpoint. His testimony in part was:
" It is my belief that the strike in Southern
Colorado is a direct outgrowth of the Northern
Colorado trouble. We have information that the
officers of the United Mine Workers have at some
times considered calling the northern strike off.
as it is utterly lost. Later, according to evidence
furnished by their own publications, they
took up the matter of calling out the southern miners
to aid in the fight of those in the north.
"Last summer Frank J. Hayes, international
vice president of the union, visited Colorado. At
that time I was appointed by Governor Amnions
on the subject of meeting officers of the mine
workers in a conference. We told the governor
that we did not want to make a contract with the
United Mine Workers of America, and we refused
to meet Hayes. Some time before we had granted
the eight-hour day, and had increased wages 10
per cent.
"I had had bitter experience with the United
Mine Workers of America in Iowa and 1 did not
want to have anything- more to do with the organization;
I did not believe it a responsible body.
In Iowa a mine in which I was interested was
ruined after the company signed a contract with
the union. We abandoned the mine although it
represented an investment of $400,000.
"I do not question the right of workmen to
organize and do business collectively, but I think
a business man has a right to do business with
whom he pleases."
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
Mr. Osgood then told of the wage scales in Colorado
and neighboring states. He showed that
wages in Colorado were not substantially lowei
than those in Wyoming, and were 20 pei cent.
higher than in Kansas, Oklahoma and Illinois,
where the employes have contracts with the United
Mine Workers.
Discussing the subject of check weighmen, he
declared his company was willing to allow the
miners to have their own men at the scales, but
that in most cases the men had failed to avail
themselves of the privilege. Osgood then touched
upon the subjects of company stores and the use
of scrip. He said the men were not required to
trade at company stores and that the use of scrip,
under the present system, was legal and not compulsory,
the scrip being issued only at the request
of the men as a matter of convenience.
Mr. Osgood directly contradicted the testimony
of witnesses who had told the committee that 95
per cent, of the niiners in the southern fields
obeyed the strike order. He declared that not
more than 50 per cent, of the workers were out.
"We would like to explain the guard system,"
he continued. "Before the strike was declared
we never had any guards except one marshal and
a night watchman at each camp. When the
strike was called, we realized that we would have
to protect our property and the lives of our workmen.
The maximum number of guards employed
at any time by the Victor-American company was
100—never more than 15 or 20 to a camp. We
instructed these guards never to leave company
property except in case of necessity. If we could
have moved our mines a few miles away from the
tent colonies w-e would have done so.
"When the strike started violence started with
us. The day after the men went out, the town
marshal at Segundo was killed. Shortly thereafter,
the strikers took two women from a stage
and held them prisoners in a tent colony until the
governor interfered and secured tbJeir release.
Dining this strike 14 men have been killed, three
of them strikers."
Mr. Osgood then told of the efforts he said the
operators made to secure protection from the local
authorities or the militia. "The governor did
not call out the troops, and the sheriffs could not
protect us," he said. "Then we got machine guns
We got them on the same theory that you gentlemen
build battleships. We thought it was in the
interest of humanity to provide our guards with
weapons so formidable that the strikers would be
afraid to attack them.
"At some of our mines 20 guards were facing
500 armed strikers."
"At present.' he said, "we have all the miners
that we can use and are mining more coal than

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
is demanded. As far as we are concerned, the
strike is over."
Feb. 18 the sub-committee visited the different
coal camps, accompanied by representatives of the
operators, the niiners and the militia.
The camps visited in order were: Forbes, l.ud­
low, Tabasco, Berwind, Hastings, and Delagua. Xo
testimony was taken that day. the trip to the
camps consuming the entire day. The members
of the committee inquired particularly at the dif­
ferent camps concerning the fighting* that bad
taken place during the strike.
OPERATORS HOLD CONVENTION
AND ELECT OFFICERS.
The annual meeting of the Southern Appalachian
Coal Operators' association was held at Knoxville,
Tenn., recently.
In the reports it was shown members of the as­
sociation produced last year 6,700,000 tons of coal—
an increase of over 1,000,000 tons as compared with
1912.
The officers elected are:
President—E. C. Mahan, Knoxville, re-elected.
First Vice President—John I.. Boyd, Knoxville,
re-elected.
Second Vice President—C. S. McManus, Middlesboro,
Ky., re-elected.
Third Vice President—Major E. C. Camp, Knox­
ville.
Eexcutive Board—Colonel James R. Wooldridge,
Wooldridge, Tenn.. re-elected; L. I. Coleman. Knoxville,
re-elected; T. I. Stephenson. Knoxville, re­
elected; Alex Bonneyman, Knoxville. re-elected;
N. B. Perkins, Knoxville; L. W. McComb, Middlesboro,
Ky.; J. H. Keeney, Bryson, Tenn.; H. L. Cory,
Chattanooga.
Executive Board-at-Large—A. H. Wood. Petros:
XV. C. Tucker, Benham. Ky.; H. S. Pless, Knoxville.
CAR SURPLUSAGES CON­
TINUES TO DECREASE.
The report of the American Railway association,
issued Feb. 21. giving* the car surplussages ami
shortages, shows:
Surplussages:
Feb. 14. 1914 199.385
Feb, 1, 1914 211,960
Feb. 15, 1913 52,700
Shortages:
Feb. 14, 1914 2.333
Feb. 1, 1914 2,282
Feb. 15, 1913 30,517
These figures show a net surplus ol 197,052 cars,
as compared with 209,670 cars Feb. 1, and 22,183
a year ago.
RECKLESS MINING MEN
ARE TO BE PUNISHED.
Reckless miners and mine foremen who risk
their own lives and the lives of other men work­
ing in the mines are to be punished to the fullest
extent of the law hereafter. This announcement
has been made by the West Virginia State Min­
ing Department in a circular letter to the various
district inspectors.
Each of the 12 district inspectors of the state
has received the letter from Chief Inspector Henry
containing his specific and unmistakable instruc­
tion that whenever a man is found persisting in
dangerous practices he is to be summarily dealt
with. The letter of Chief Inspector Henry to the
district inspectors is as follows:
"By referring to Section 15 of the Mining Laws
you will notice that the mine foreman is in abso­
lute charge of all underground conditions and
it is his duty to see that the mining laws are
strictly complied with, and, in the future, where
you find it necessary to prosecute miners or mine
laborers for persisting in any dangerous prac­
tices that would create accidents or destruction of
property, you will prosecute the mine foremen
also for permitting any violation of the mining
laws and rules of the companies.
"In your future inspections you should warn all
foremen in regard to the above instructions."
In addition to this letter. Chief Henry has also
written to the operators of the state notifying
them that the inspectors will prosecute mine fore­
men and miners hereafter for violation of the state
laws and the company's rules lor the conduct ot
the men underground.
.Mr. Henry said yesterday that it had been necessary
lately to prosecute miners tor shooting off the
solid and he said that it had been proven in each
instance that the men had done this in the face
of direct and specific instructions from mine fore­
men to the contrary. He also called attention
to the fact that niiners persisted in riding on trips
and that that was a direct violation of Ihe state
mining laws.
He added that if the state officials could not
induce the miners to have regard for their own
lives and the lives of others by showing them
what was right the officials would see that every
nian violating the law was punished. He added
that after a few men had been heavily fined it
would not be necessary afterwards to tell them or
their comrades more than once to do or not to do
a given thing that would insure safety.
The Lindley Coal Co.. Pittsburgh, has filed a notice
of increased capital from $10,000 to $100,000,
with the secretary of internal affairs at Harrisburg,
Pa.

PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
IN 1913 BY DISTRICTS.
SECONll ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Delaware & Hudson Co 1,827,056
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Co 1,268,545
Scranton Coal Co 581,063
Clearview Coal Co 40,702
Bulls Head Coal Co 35,491
Total 3,752.857
THIRD ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
L. M. EVAN-S, Mine Inspector.
Pennsylvania Coal Co 1,017,248
Scranton Coal Co 651,010
Price-Pancoast Coal Co
Delaware. Lackawanna & Western Rail­
637,407
road Co 584,294
Green Ridge Coal Co 100,137
Spencer Coal Co 83,660
Nay Aug Coal Co 80,990
Hudson Coal Co 'j'- 362
Economy Heat, Light & Power Co 29,115
Carney & Brown Coal Co 21,782
No. 6 Coal Co
6 - 871
Total 3,279,876
EIGHTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
S. J. PHILLIPS, Inspector.
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 1.746,389
Kingston Coal Co 670,056
Forty Fort Coal Co 554,207
Mt. Lookout Coal Co 375,823
East Boston Coal Co 186,289
Plymouth Coal Co 185.918
Raub Coal Co 129- 002
Delaware. Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Co 124,147
Rissinger Bros. & Co., Inc 40.821
Total 4.012.652
TWELFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
S. J. JENNINGS, Inspector.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 2,698,478
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 474.266
Total 3,172,744
SECONll BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
P. C. FENTON, Inspector.
Jamison Coal & Coke Co 2.517,940
Latrobe-Connellsville Coal & Coke Co.... 1,066,617
Hostetter-Connellsville Coke Co 757,353
Keystone Coal & Coke Co 715,552
29
H. C. Frick Coke Co 596,194
New Alexandria Coke Co 549,387
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co 351,561
Shenango Furnace Co 291,808
Latrobe Coal Co 277,074
Donohoe Coke Co 271,826
Loyal Hanna Coal & Coke Co 237,911
Westmoreland-Connellsville Coal & Coke
Co 214,444
Greensburg-Connellsville Coal & Coke Co. 209,248
Mount Pleasant Coke Co 181,668
Ligonier Coal Co 156,8S4
Ligonier Diamond Coal & Coke Co 89,810
Saint Clair Coal Co S3.210
Ramsey Coal Co., Inc 67,879
Unity-Connellsville Coke Co 67,551
Unity Coal Co 56.672
Bessemer Coke Co 54,226
E. A. Humphries Coal & Coke Co 45,642
South Ligonier Coal Co 42,931
Whyel Coke Co 42,141
Fort Ligonier Coal Co 25,390
Marietta-Connellsville Coke Co 21,967
South Fayette Coke Co 19,470
Dornon Coal Co 17,416
Westmore Coal & Coke Co 5,284
Connellsville Coke & Fuel Co 2,385
Total 9,037,469
SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT—SUMMARY
OF STATISTICS, 1913.
Number of mines 57
Number of mines in operation 56
Number of tons of coal shipped to market 4,506,306
Number of tons used at mines for steam
and heat 242,387
Number of tons sold to local trade and
used by employes 75,170
Number of tons used in the manufacture
of coke 4,213,606
Number of tons of coal produced 9,037,469
Number of tons of coke produced 2,716,148
Number of coke ovens 5,917
Number of coke ovens in operation.... 4,1 so
Number of tons of coal produced by pick
mining

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Number of non-fatal accidents inside of
mines 40
Number of non-fatal accidents outside.. 1
Number of tons of coal produced per
fatal accident inside 273,863
Number of tons produced per fatal accident
outside 2,259,367
Number of tons produced per fatal accident
inside and outside 244,256
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident inside 176
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident outside 643
Number of persons employed per fatal
accident inside and outside 227
Number of persons employed per nonfatal
accident inside 145
Number of persons employed per nonfatal
accident outside 2,572
Number of persons employed per nonfatal
accident inside and outside 2o4
Number of wives made widoks 24
Number of children orphaned 63
Number of gasoline motors used inside
of mines 7
Number of steam locomotives used outside 13
Number of compressed air locomotives
used inside 12
Number of electric motors used inside. . 35
Number of electric motors used outside. 2
Number of fans in use 51
Number of gaseous mines in operation.. 7
Number of non-gaseous mines in operation
49
Number of new mines opened 4
Number of old mines abandoned 3
C. B. Ross. Inspector.
FOURTH Rill MINOUS DISTRICT.
Northwestern Mining & Exchange Co... 1.185.287
Shawmut Mining Co 1,028,996
Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal & Coke Co. 746,129
Cascade Coal & Coke Co 327,938
Kettle Creek Coal Mining Co 304,841
Panther Run Coal Co : 163,523
Jefferson Coal Co 163,450
Pennsy Coal Co 162,248
McKnight Coal Co 108.159
Falls Creek Coal Co 101,069
McConnell Coal Co 96,370
Stewart Coal Co 91,919
Penfield Coal & Coke Co 83,629
Dents Run Mining Co 57,043
Clearfield Colliery Co 51,172
Mercer Iron & Coal Co 48,598
M. Burns 41,584
Mount Hope Coal & Coke Co 30.342
Harbison-Walker Refractories Co 29.824
Baldauf Coal & Coke Co 27,513
Bickford Fire Brick Co 26,173
Auxiliary Coal Mining Co 24,705
Owens Mining Co 20,814
Knoxdale Coal & Coke Co 18,922
Kaul & Hall 18,632
George Minns, Jr 15,853
Co-Operative Coal Co 15,115
Rembrandt Peale 13,743
Toby Coal Mining Co 13,100
Eagle Valley Coal Co 13,100
Rochester Coal Co 10,883
Verstine-Hibbard & Co 9,095
Pilkington & Ellery 7,250
Samuel Wall work 5,925
Pyramid Coal Mining Co 1,344
Total 5.064,288
SIXTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
ELIAS PHILLIPS, Inspector.
Cambria Steel Co 1,500,845
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corp 523,498
Logan Coal Co 523,311
Portage Coal .Mining Co 376,324
Argyle Coal Mining Co 345,652
Stineman Coal & Coke Co 314,411
Miller Coal Co 290,937
Maryland Coal Co. of Pennsylvania 270,939
Stineman Coal Mining Co 232,552
Henriette Coal Mining Co 204,400
Forge Coal Mining Co 195,257
George Pearce & Sons 189,626
Beaver Run Coal Co 174,084
Loyal Hanna Coal & Coke Co 168,257
Mountain Coal Co 156,138
Citizens Coal Co ] 28,638
South Fork Coal Mining Co 112.17S
J. Blair Kennerly 92 215
Plymouth Coal Mining Co 91,035
Penker Coal Co 58.44S
Trout Run Coal Mining Co 58,390
Shoemaker Coal Mining Co 42,096
Lloydell Coal Mining Co 37,991
Priscilla Coal Mining Co 33,363
Ivy Ridge Coal Mining Co 28,652
Colonial Coal Co 28 458
George XV. Bailey & Co 24,800
Alton Coal Co 24J92
H. C. Stineman 49 727
A. J. Haws & Sons. Ltd 17,644
Suppes Coal Co 15,642
Riverside Coal Mining Co 13,890
Samuel Styer S6Z0
Munster Coal Co 7'560
Total 6,310,389
THOMAS D. WILLIAMS. Inspector.

SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Pittsburgh Coal Co 3,068,863
Carnegie Coal Co 825,094
Pittsburgh & Eastern Coal Co 504,240
Fayette Coal Co 317,575
Verner Coal & Coke Co 280,752
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co 251,600
Bulger Block Coal Co 241,342
J. H. Sandford Coal Co 208,807
Pittsburgh & Erie Coal Co 202,000
McDonald Coal Co 75,825
Atlas Coal Co 66,584
W. J. Steen Coal Co 58,833
Hugh McHugh Coal Co 56,623
Hormel Coal Co 41,763
Island Run Coal Co 47,500
T. C. Conaway Coal Co 11,959
Casey Coal Co 5,750
Total 6,271,110
NINTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
CHAS. P. MCGREGOR, Inspector.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 4,602,182
XV. J. Rainey 945,909
Westmoreland Coal Co 744,305
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co 728,087
Pittsburgh & Erie Coal Co 340,315
Whyel Coke Co 228,181
Mount Hope Coke Co 139,989
Brown & Cochran 113,418
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 111,464
Dunbar Furnace Co., William Selfridge,
trustee in bankruptcy 88,178
Genuine Connellsville Coke Co 43,642
Brownfield Connellsville Coke Co 31,330
Mahoning Coke Co 29,449
Keystone Coal & Coke Co 23,174
Franklin Coke Co 21,928
Peerless Connellsville Coke Co 16,750
Cochran Bros 11,197
Total 8,219.500
P. J. WALSH. Inspector.
FIFTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation.. 1,425.700
Ebensburg Coal Co 644,441
Carrolltown Coal Co 512,801
Barnes & Tucker Co 462,386
Sterling Coal Co 407,043
Cherry Tree Coal Co 291,583
Madeira Hill Coal Mining Co 282,100
Watkins Coal Co 260,517
Rich Hill Coal Co 232,434
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co 219,574
Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corporation. 186.820
Duncan Spangler Coal Co 167,593
Empire Coal Mining Co 165,229
Cymbria Coal Co 133,900
Oak Ridge Coal & Coke Co 120,736
Nanty Glo Coal Mining Co 98.622
Lenox Coal Co 81,977
Woodland Coal & Coke Co 53,202
Hastings Coal & Coke Co 44,245
Beaver Coal Co 31,034
Miller Run Coal Co 27,753
Deringer Bros 25,181
Red Top Coal Co 23,567
W. A. Gould & Bro 21,226
Cheston Coal Co 17,319
Peerless Coal Mining Co 10,999
Patton Clay Mfg. Co 9.966
Milson Coal Co 7,314
15 small mines which do not come undei*
the law, mining coal for domestic use. 45.000
Total 6,010,262
ALEXANDER MONTEITH, Inspector.
SIXTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 1,168,951
Thompson Connellsville Coke Co 694,792
Tower Hill Connellsville Coke Co 621,278
Connellsville Central Coke Co 555,644
Taylor Coal & Coke Co 479,872
Republic Iron & Steel Co 462,612
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 385,426
Brier Hill Coke Co 381,990
Orient Coke Co 372,794
W. Harry Brown 358,920
XV. J. Rainey 208.385
La Belle Coke Co 187,639
Struthers Coal & Coke Co 167,364
Century Coke Co 147,615
Isabella Connellsville Coke Co 126,390
Union Connellsville Coke Co 111,248
Hustead-Semens Coal & Coke Co 109,806
Etna Connellsville Coke Co 90,758
Henderson Coal Co 73.461
Prospect Coal & Coke Co 38,972
Brownsville Coke Co 32,367
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 26,288
Champion Connellsville Coke Co 15,079
Luzerne Coal & Coke Co 8,075
Total 6,825,726
W. H. HOWARTH, Inspector.
SEVENTEEN'TII BITUMINOUS DIS'l RICT.
Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad & Coal Co. 2,808,189
Pittsburgh Coal Co 1,924,080
Crescent Coal Co 362,331
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co 275.824
New York & Cleveland Gas Coal Co 276,792

32
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co 275,225
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 133,750
Mans Williams Coal Co 34,931
Sorg Brothers 26,933
Williams Fuel Co 23,782
Harpers Coal Co 22,998
Paul Coal Co 12,508
Weinman Brothers 8,617
Vogel & Weinman 7,770
Sampson & Hormel 6,000
W. S. B. Hays 5.980
James T. Fox 3,906
Shearn Brothers 2,981
John Peterman 2,950
Steele & Scott 1,000
Total 6.215,547
TWENTIETH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
JOHN I. PRATT, Inspector.
Consolidation Coal Co 1.952,760
Jenner Quemahoning Coal Co 918,259
Quemahoning Coal Co 631,480
Brothers Valley Coal Co 488,083
Somerset Smokeless Coal Co 483,327
Knickerbocker Smokeless Coal Co.. .... 241,903
Baker-Whitely Coal Co 201,627
Somerset Mining Co 186,700
Stauffer Quemahoning Coal Co 182.038
Grassy Run Coal Co 145,618
Atlantic Coal Co 141.561
Reading Iron Co 138.330
Enterprise Coal Co 101,681
Keystone Coal Co 84,611
Meyersdale Fuel Co 69,834
Standard Quemahoning Coal Co 56,000
Quemahoning Creek Coal Co 55,431
Randolph Coal Co 54,983
C. J. Rowe & Brothers 49,703
W. A. Merrill & Co 47.760
Hillworth Coal Co 46.596
Graham Coal Co 40,320
S. M. Hamilton & Co 33,588
Elk Lick Coal Co 31,860
John W. Wills Coal Co 31.345
Stoner Coal Co 31.287
Lidalia Coal Co 27,296
Brandenburg Coal Mining Co 26,716
Fisher Smokeless Coal Co 22,500
Federal Coal Co 22,455
Listonburg Coal Co 21,370
Hocking Coal Co 18,700
Taylor & McDonnell 12,395
James Harding 11,679
Boynton Coal Co 11,500
Mountain Smokeless Coal Co 6.953
Margaret Smokeless Coal Co 4,213
Somerset Fuel Co 3,250
J. A. Kirkpatrick 3,100
Garrett Coal Co 2,450
Ivy Ridge Coal Co 2,201
Total 6,643,466
Production from mines not under the law 102,466
Grand total 6,745,466
F. W. CUNNINGHAM, Inspector.
TWENTV-SECOND BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Pittsburgh Coal Co 4.055,641
Penn Gas Coal Co 579,773
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 379,188
Banning-Connellsville Coke Co 72,652
E. R. Weise Coal Co 61.197
Echard Coal & Coke Co 43,458
Lake Shore Gas Coal Co 35,410
R. Marietta Coal Co 8,510
Bowman Brothers Co 8,205
Total 5,244,034
JOHN F. BELL, Inspector.
IWl'M Y -FOURTH lll'l UM INOUS Ills run T.
Berwind-White Coal Mining Co 3,841,715
Valley Smokeless Coal Co 416,261
Lackawanna Coal & Coke Co 341,222
Shade Coal Mining Co 143,512
Scalp Level Coal Mining Co 140,000
Sunnyside Coal Co 137,194
Lacolie Coal Mining Co 129,761
Smokeless Coal Co 113,581
Tunnel Smokeless Coal Co 112,997
Kiskiminetas Coal Co 96,320
Conemaugh Valley Coal Mining Co 78,902
W. A. Marshall & Co 75.41S
Pennsylvania Smokeless Coal Co 67,824
Nineveh Coal & Coke Co 63,985
Rummel Coal Co 60,025
Lochrie Coal Co 60,000
Somerset & Cambria Coal Co 35,493
Climax Coal Co 31,034
Bolivar Coal & Coke Co 22,247
Armerford Coal Mining Co 21,019
A. J. Haws & Sons. Limited 17,888
Joseph Soisson Fire Brick Co 14,704
Highland Coal Co 13,606
Loyal Hanna Coal & Coke Co 10,803
W. G. S. Robertson 10,450
C. O. Wilson 7,000
Total 6,062,961
NICHOLAS EVANS. Inspector.

Mr. Edward Johnson, of Cleveland, 0., has resigned
his position as president of the Lorain Coai
& Dock Co., in order to be relieved of the cares of
the position. He retains his interests in the company.
Mr. D. P. Carey, of St. Paul, has been
chosen as his successor.
Mr. William L. Allen, of Peckville. Pa., who
recently was appointed general manager of the
Scranton Coal Co., was the honor guest at a banquet
in Scranton, Feb. 19, tendered him by the
Foreman's association and Outing club of the company.
Mr. W. S. Courtright, former president of the
Union National Bank. Columbus, 0., has been
elected vice president of the W. J. Hamilton Coal
Co., succeeding Mr. W. J. Hamilton, who recentlysold
his interests in the company.
Mr. D. H. McGhee, of Shamokin, Pa., superintendent
of the Buck Ridge collieries of Irish Bros.,
has been appointed general manager of all the
properties of the company in Pennsylvania and
West Virginia.
Mr. William Lamont, of Beaverdale, Pa., has
been appointed assistant superintendent of the
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation mines at
Patton, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
TEXT OF MACHINE MINING SCALE
SIGNED FOR ARKANSAS AND OKLAHOMA
The following is (he text of the machine mining
scale for District No. 21, United Mine Workers,
or Arkansas and Oklahoma:
For mines in District No. 21 on the 68-cent pick
mining rate:
1. The differential shall be 7 cents per ton.
2. The mining rate, less the differential, shall
be divided as follows:
Machine runners 4; cents per ton
Machine helpers 3; cents per ton
Machine loaders 52. cents per ton
DAY WAOE SCALE FOR MACHINE MINING.
3. When machines are operated on a day wage
scale, the following prices shall be paid:
Machine runners $3.34
Machine helpers 3.05
Machine loaders 3.13
4. Machine loaders, loading coal by the day,
shall furnish their own tools, company to furnish
paper, fuse, powder and other explosives.
YARDAGE.
5. Yardage and room turning (o be two-thirds
of the price paid for pick yardage and room turn­
Mr. D. K. Kelley has been appointed coal storage ing, one-half of which is to be paid to the loader
and transfer agent of the Delaware & Hudson Co., and one-half to the machine man.
in charge of the company's several storage and
RULES FOR LOADERS, RUNNERS AND HELPERS.
transfer plants. He succeeds Mr. H. W. Harrison,
6. Loaders shall take care of all loose coal on
resigned.
the face and keep their working places securely
Mr. Charles Dorrance. Jr., formerly chief engipropped
as they do in pick mines. When machine
neer of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co.. has runners are required to remove props to get the
been appointed manager of the Harwood Coal Co., machines in places, they shall do so, reset the
with office at Harwood. Pa.
props and leave the places as secure as they found
them; upon failure of the machine crew to do so.
Mr. James H. Allport. manager of the Clinchfield
the loader shall report same to the mine foreman,
Coal Corporation's operations in Virginia, has
who shall have the props set at the expense of the
resigned on account of ill health and will seek to
machine crew. If in the judgment of the ma­
recuperate in Florida.
chine runner, the removal of props would be un­
.Mr. James B. Smith, of San Francisco, Cal., has safe, they shall report said place to the mine fore­
been elected president of the Western Fuel Co., man.
operating mines at Nanaimo, B. C, to succeed the 7. Where machine runner leaves rolls or bot­
late J. L. Howard.
tom eoal in the bottom, they or it shall be taken
up at the machine helpers' and runners' expense.
The cuts should be continuous and no partitions
left between cuts.
8. The machine runners and helpers, if refusing
(o operate the machines on a tonnage basis, the
Mr. J. W. Howe has been appointed coal freight operators shall have the option of employing them
agent of the Chesapeake & Ohio railway, with by the day to operate the machines on the present
headquarters at Richmond, Va.
day wage scale until the machine runner and
helper elect, or the operators can secme other men
Four gold bonds of $500 each of the Pittsburgh to operate Hie machines on a tonnage basis.
& Southwestern Coal Co.. were sold at auction at 9. Machine shovelers shall clean up all dirt
the court house at Greensburg, Pa., recently for made by the machine and put same in gob: they
$1,600.
failing to do so, the company shall clean it up and

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
• harge the cost of same to the machine crew
equally.
10. All dirt must be thrown back a sufficient
distance to allow machine to pass, and that coal
may be loaded free from such dirt, same to be
regulated according to local conditions at the vari­
ous mines.
GENERA-*, RULES.
1. Wherever single work now* exists in District
No. 21, 68-cent mining rate, one loader shall be
given two standard rooms, or at the option of the
operator the company shall give two loaders (wo
rooms of not less than 30 feet in width, equipped
with two roadways. The term "standard room"
herein used means rooms of not more than 24 feet
in width.
2. Wherever double work now exists in 68-cent
coal in District No. 21. two loaders shall be given
two standard rooms. In the event the company
elects to put two roadways in such places, their
right shall not be abridged.
3. The company has the right to double-shift
machines.
4. If any loader should absent himself from his
regular working place and it become necessary
to load the coal out of such place in order to cut
room in its regular turn, the foreman or man in
charge will have the right to employ an extra
loader to load out such coal, and in that event,
the extra loader so employed shall perform the
same labor that the regular loader would have per­
formed. In other words, there should be no loss
sustained by the regular loader.
5. In case the machine is idle the machine crew-
may be placed at work loading coal under the same
conditions as set forth in Rule 4.
6. The allotment of loaders in narrow work
shall be left to local settlement, subject to revi­
sion by the commission hereinafter provided for,
with the understanding that coal made each day
in such narrow work shall be loaded each day,
subject to eonditions of turn.
7. Where machine loaders and pick miners work
in the same mine, it is the intention of this con­
tract that such turn shall be given that will, as
near as possible, equalize the earning capacity of
each.
8. It is understood by all parties hereto that
all the rules and regulations set forth in the inter­
state and district agreements, covering conditions
of employment, shall remain io effect, except as
set forth in this agreement.
REFERENCE CLAUSE.
11 is hereby provided that a commission consist­
ing of two members shall be aiipointed by P. R.
Stewart, president District No. 21, U. M. W. of A..
from members thereof; one member shall be ap­
pointed by John P. White, president of the Inter­
national union of the U. M. W. of A., and two
members shall be appointed by W. R. Ryan, com­
missioner of the Southwestern Interstate Coal
Operators' association. Said commission shall
make personal investigation of the operation of
machines and if necessary reapportion the division
of the rates for machine runners, helpers and load­
ers, and adjust such other matters as have been
referred to them.
It is hereby provided that miners and operators
on the commission shall each have an equal vote,
meaning thereby that the mineis shall only have
two votes. In the event of their failure to agree
on any point, said point of disagreement shall be
referred to John P. White, president of the II. M.
W. of A., and Charles S. Keith, president of the
Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators' associa­
tion, for final settlement.
The above apportionment ot the rate to runners,
helpers and loaders shall prevail until final settle­
ment is effected by the commission herein provided
for.
Signed on behalf of the United Mine Workers:
JOHN P. WHITE, President,
International President, U. M. XV. of A.
JAMES MULLEN,
International Board Member, District 21.
P. R. STEWART. President Dist. 21.
Signed on behalf of the Southwestern Interstate
Coal Operators' association:
CHAS. S. KEITH, President.
W. D. RYAN. Commissioner.
J. E. FINNEY. Assi. Commissioner.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS
John R. and Joseph W. Steel of Greensburg, Pa.,
have sold to Rockwell Marietta, of Connellsville,
Pa.. 138 acres of coa! in Ligonier township, West­
moreland county. Pa., for $147,984.37.
J. V. Thompson, of Uniontown, Pa., has sold to
William H. Donner. head of the Cambria Steel Co.,
752.401 acres of coal in Monongahela township.
Greene county, Pa., for $50,000.
Lester Noble, of Claysville, Pa., has sold to J. L.
Walker, of Bentleysville, Pa.. 85 acres of coal in
Blain township, Washington county. Pa., for $5,600.
Mr. Thomas Thompson, aged 77, of Irwin, Pa..
one of the pioneer coal men of the Irwin district,
died at his home Feb. 23. from a stroke of par­
alysis. He was superintendent of the Shafton
coal mine at the time of his death and had held
the position for the past 15 years. He is survived
by his widow and five children.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
PUBLIC SENTIMENT*
By Mr. George F. Parker, of New York
You have kindly asked me to attend this meeting
of keen, trained business men who have come
together to discuss a difficult, highly specialized
industry and to say something about a question
that has, perhaps, more angles and corners (ban
anything known to mankind.
You have done this, despite the fact, that, in
many cases, we hardly know our own opinions
on a given set of problems, and when, to a certainty,
we cannot presume to understand or fathom
(he sentiments or conclusions of those with whom
we are closely associated. When this is true can
we afford to dogmatize upon w-hat may be in the
minds of the people who live and work together
in a given city, county, state or country? Can
we, with safety, analyze the impulses, motives
and thoughts that control the actions of masses of
men?
But. recognizing- the fait that there does run
through the minds of men, who live together under
certain conditions, a sentiment that tends to
become common, we may. perhaps, inquire how il
is produced and what ils effect is in those actions
that inspire and demand a union of effort and thus
produce results that may bring good or ill to all.
What you are immediately concerned with, not
only in your relations to your neighbors and your
own state, but in those of the country, is the effect
of this mysterious force upon business development,
upon the prosperity which marks real progress
towards improved conditions. If it is favorable
to the constant
EXPANSION OF INDUSTRY
in all lines—agricultural, commercial, manufacturing
and transportation—then the necessary initiative
and labor, when applied steadily to them,
will produce contentment, confidence and that
good-will which drives men to do their best. On
the other hand, if there is suspicion and backbiting,
if every man's hand is raised against his
neighbor, then confidence, that plant of slow
growth, will not thrive, industry must suffer, and
no man car count upon the reward which he
deserves and must have if he is to do his full duty
to himself and the world.
Under natural conditions, without the presence
of disturbing or foreign factors, men will choose
and follow their own occupations with the knowledge,
often unconscious, that, as every other man
is doing the same and they are interchanging
products, the world is getting forward. Having
chosen their callings they are not supposed to
hinder their fellows either by physical force or
•Address delivered before the West Virginia MininE Insti
tute. at Charleston. W. Va.. Dec. 8. 1913.
unjust laws, or by that jealousy which is so impelling
as a feature in human nature. But from
ihe toil to the bottom of our life—if there is any
longer a top or a bottom—this primary duty or
obligation seems to have been forgotten, and we
find interference in its most effective ancl dangerous
forms. It takes (he shape of a questioning
of motives, want of confidence, jealousy, envy,
malice and uncharitableness.
Men of the types and classes which have been
relied upon, during all our history, to lead in industry,
suddenly find themselves under the ban,
their
MOTIVES QUESTIO-TED
and suspicion ruling where confidence and help
could once be counted upon. Agitators and demagogues—men
who have never known what it was
to meet even the most modest weekly payroll during
the 52 recurring Saturdays of a year—raise
their voices in loud assertion of the supposed
wrongs of somebody or something, they know not
who or what, but never, even by chance, do they
utter a word that maintains or restores confidence
in those honestly and faithfully engaged in an
effort to promote the general good while earning
support for themselves and their families.
It is not because the order of men engaged in
industry have changed either in themselves or
their methods: both are the same as they have
always been. What your fathers and predecessors
were, within their scope, whether wide or
narrow, doing their best within (he limits of
thrift, originality and opportunity, that also you
and your associates are. and you are doing the
same work with improved facilities, and with a
sense of responsibility increased and emphasized
at everv turn. Industry commands its rewards,
just as it has always done, through knowledge,
foresight, energy, courage, enterprise, thrift and
honesty. The fortunes that men make, the position
or influence they attain, the good they are
fated or permitted to do, come to them from going
forth ready, willing, determined to subdue some
part of the earth. As they could not do this if
they did not have and observe
THE MORAL RILES
entering into the thing we call honesty, so they
are likely to incur enmities among those who have
not the requisite parts or abilities, or are unwilling
to make the sacrifices which must precede
the grant of fortune's favors.
You, here in this state, can easily trace the
rapid growth of your varied industries during the
period in which they have been developed on large

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
lines and in great variety. You can see and
know the men who, by their energy, enterprise
and character have made it possible first to discover
your vast resources and then to devote
them to noble uses and purposes. You know that
this has not been done by the inc ompetent or the
cowardly, any more than by grumblers or robbers.
It has severely taxed all the energy and character
that your people could command, while the
profits have not been devoted to luxury but have
been put back into industry again and again along
with other enormous sums which good management
and confidence have drawn to you. You
have done these things because there was a
friendly public sentiment that invited and welcomed
capital and labor and gave them a real
assurance of protection and the shield of law.
When I looked through the census report I
found that not a single county in your state has
lost population between 1890 and 1910, during
which time this great development has been going
on. This means that while you have grown byleaps
and bounds in certain industries, comparatively
new, and that this has contributed to a
rapid, almost abnormal, increase in some districts
and counties, your
AGRICULTURAL POPULATION
has held steadily on its way, under many and serious
difficulties, and has grown in numbers
wherever this primal industry could be developed.
That you had one-third more farms at the end
of the 20-year period than at its beginning and
that these included a million new acres brought
under improvement are all healthy signs. This
process had also shown itself in a much larger
relative increase in the values of your farms and
their products, and was also accompanied by that
wholesome diminution in size which, without any
critical analysis, means better results, more comfort
and a degree of contentment for more people—
blessings not vouchsafed to all our states. When
we see, also, that it has been accompanied by a
progressive increase in farm ownership, a decrease
of debt, and a diminution in the number
and proportion of tenancies, you have every reason
to congratulate yourselves upon the stability
of this industry as well as upon its growth.
Sometimes, when I come to this, the state of
my grand-parents, I get discouraging answers when
I ask my friends about the growth of manufactures.
As a consequence, I was tempted to glance
at the returns and was astonished to find that
outside those extreme western or new states which
had almost nothing at the beginning of the census
period upon which to base an increase—so
that everything was a gain—West Virginia had
REGISTERED A GROWTH
only exceeded, during the last 10-year census
period, by four states, while its relative rank in
the country had improved at a surprising rate.
While I did not come here to instruct you about
the growth of your own state I have felt warranted
in calling attention to the fact that you
have far more than average gifts and attractions
upon which you may concentrate your attention
in the effort to create and maintain for your state
and its industries a public sentiment which shail
be fair, tolerant, and thoroughly alive to the conditions
under which your people are living. They
are fortunate even beyond most of their neighbors,
especially when they can add to these—as a
heaping up of the measure—the great mining industry
of which you are the special representatives
and guardians and whose problems you have
come together to discuss with freedom and intelligence.
Now, what should be the sentiment tov/ards each
other of a people thus situated? What effort
ought they to make so that all these elements and
forces shall understand the position of each other?
If there are misapprehensions on the part of any
how can they be removed and knowledge substituted?
If y r our people, or any part of them, listen
to false leaders, if they permit or encourage
outside interference with your industries, how
can you best teach them the error of their way
and warn them of the dangers they are inviting
for themselves and their state? Or, if this shall
be possible how can you reach the mass of independent,
FAIR-MINDED PEOPLE
of your state who, if properly instructed, will
give short shift to mischief makers? There are
no natural antagonisms, no real conflicts between
the men who are engaged in the various industries
which together contribute to make up the sum
of your prosperity and, if they will all take the
pains to know each other's position, such disputes
as may arise will be easily settled in favor of
peace and order so that knowledge may be substituted
for misunderstanding.
It seems to me that there is a tendency to separate
our people into classes which, as is always
the case, must, in time, be arrayed against each
other ancl that the only way to combat this peril
is by the effective dissemination of the wholesome
information which will discredit this dangerous
theory and emphasize anew the fact that
when the men of one occupation set themselves
up as different from those of another they generlly
do so for the purpose of seeking special privileges
for themselves. At that moment, whoever
they are or whatever they may ask, they so impeach
the fundamental ideas of our institutions
that only consistent, intelligent exposure of their
designs is necessary to bring them to confusion.

All the developments of our lives, from the
earliest and most severe of our struggles, have
been based upon knowledge of what has been done,
how it has been done, who has done it, and what
its relations have been to the public good. This
is merely to say that the development of material
resources hase gone on in the open. Discoveries
and
IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS
or machinery have been shared by all our people,
for the plain reason that, in the growth of industry,
every man has had a chance to learn something
about the process and thus to share in it
warranted by his inclinations and abilities. We
early acquired the habit of setting forth in each
community what men were doing to improve their
own condition and thus contribute to the work of
society. When a new house was built, or a new
home or industry founded or exchanged, some
kindly, enterprising neighbor or writer has so
communicated the fact that it has found record or
recognition. The ways, the industry, the methods
employed, have all found recognition from all
interested in improvement. If a farmer found
a new process or product, or an improved kind of
seed, or a way of using old resources to better
advantage, it soon becomes public property open
for adoption or imtation by all. A new mill, or
mine, or railroad, giving additional facilites, was
welcomed as something not only useful but neighborly
and its small fame was spread through its
area of interest and influence.
It is only since the so-called day of big things
that there has been a tendency toward concealment—the
hiding of a light under a bushel.
Somehow, while with all our resources and a farreaching
imagination, we have been pining because
we were limited to small things, when the
big things come we resent them. When they have
acquired a new interest for an increased number
of people we hesitate to
WRITE THEIR HISTORY
with the result that, with our enormous development
in the manufacture of iron and steel products,
textiles, chemicals, ships, and other articles
of use and necessity, and with the added scientificinterest
in them, it is safe to say that, relatively
to population and intelligence, our people really
know less about the commanding industries that
have grown up around these articles than did
their predecessors a half a century ago when the
units were small. There seems to be something
in mere size that brings concealment and a lack
of appreciation of the importance of that knowledge
which accompanies real news about industrial
movements.
Perhaps, the fault may lie in the men who
now direct or manage these industries—an as­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
sumption that somehow their business does not
interest anybody, or the assertion of a desire to
do what they will with their own, when in fact
it is their own to a smaller degree than was the
case under the simpler methods and with the
smaller production of earlier days. These industries
were then the exclusive property or interest
of the men who, in most cases, managed them,
whereas now this rarely happens because they
have grown to proportions which render it impossible.
Probably, this decline in interest may
grow out of the fact that what is everybody's business
is that of the nobody of the adage; but
whatever the motive or reason, I am convinced
that most of the misunderstanding, the suspicions,
the
QUESTIONING OF MOTIVES
or methods, now prevalent, grows out of the inability
of the mass of our people to find out what
is really going on around them.
And yet we cannot overlook the fact that the
industries which think themselves so big that
they become indifferent to public sentiment, are,
after all, made up of units which, both separately
and together, have an added interest for an
enlarged constituency. They are now important
as parts of a comprehensive industry that affects
the markets of many countries.
Perhaps the maintenance of this interest in a
great city will best illustrate my idea. In New-
York, whose newspapers are crowded to a degree
seen nowhere else, there may be found every
clay in the year a full account of the changes in
the housing of its people. The shifting of ownership
or interest, the issue of licenses for the
construction of even the smallest of dwellinghouses,
or apartments, the mortgages created or
satisfied, are noted in every newspaper, while
the construction of a new office building is followed
with interest by the public from the rockbottom
upon which its lowest caisson rests to
the topmost point of its flagstaff. This is true
because five million people want to know all
about it, and this is only the application among
such a vast population of the methods, that
throughout the whole of our history, have accompanied
the growth of the smallest village or
its most modest industry. It has been due to the
interest which the real estate and building industries
arouse in their constituents—the
CURIOUS HUMAN COMPOUND
which makes up the population of a great city.
It is somebody's business to furnish this news
and he attends to it with a persistence which
finds ample reward.
Now-, the people of West Virginia are just as
keen to know what they themselves are doing
as are those in New York, and yet, relatively to
their numbers, they have nothing like the oppor-

38
tunity for finding out as much about all their
industries and occupations as those in the great
city have for learning what was done only the
clay before in a single factor that enters into
their lives. And yet, the people of a given State
where development of its resources has onlygone
a little way towards completion are just as
amenable to a local interest ancl lo an appeal
(o their patriotic pride as they ever were. If
they can get the salient points in the industries
by which they live; if, as you intend, the difficulties
incident to mining and marketing coal
are explained to them and they are made to feel
how important it is to themselves, does any man
before me believe that unnatural, artificial and
unjust methods will find friends or support? If
the best of the cultural experiments now being
carried on could be explained to your farmers,
year by year, who can doubt that many men nowcareless
or thoughtless -would adopt them to the
advantage of production and the expansion of
this primal industry? If your wonderful forests
and their relation to the prosperity of your Statewere
fully known the feeling would soon arise
that here was
SOMETHING FOR PRIDE
rather than for abuse, or detraction, or suspicion.
In like manner, when you let the outside world
know that your coal, water power, timber, and
other natural resources, fit you for the broader
development ancl concentration of manufactures,
then capital and men will come to you.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
I cannot too strongly emphasize the fact that
you can only make your State and its possibilities
known to the world outside by making them
a household word among yourselves. When you
have scattered knowledge of these down among
your people, so that they look upon their own
home as the one place in the world in which
they are really interested, you will have found
a magnet powerful enough to draw the rest of
the world to you. When this is done and the
policy has been followed up with system and intelligence,
the disputes, riots, and violences with
which you have had to deal, will become impossible
because you will have behind you an interested,
an intelligent, and a determined public
sentiment which will neither invite nor permit
that interference which has both hampered
normal development and has cost you so much of
everything that men have or prize. A people
properly instructed will never allow interlopers
to come among them and to interfere with the
orderly conduct of industries of which they themselves
are the proprietors and by which they must
live. Nor does the application of such methods
demand that any processes or methods that belong
naturally to the confidences essential to
business or labor shall be revealed to the world.
It relates only to
THOSE MATTERS
about which the world has always desired information;
the how, the why, and the what of
industry.
It seems only natural that I should say something
about newspapers which a good many persons
discuss with little warrant in knowledge.
My own may perhaps be found in the relations
which, for more than forty years, I have borne
to them. 1 have tried to study them all along
the lines from the time when I became the proprietor
of a country weekly, through experience
in directing, reporting, correspondence, and
leader writing in dailies in many cities, up to a
connection with the most important newspaper
in the world.
There have been many changes in my time
but from the first to the last among the men
connected with newspapers in their various
spheres I have found not only a desire but a
determination to publish the news that seemed
to them of interest. In most cases, the prime
requisite has been news about their readers
themselves, their doings, their varied thoughts,
and especially their industries. When the editor
collects news of the latter he does it because he
knows that it is the one thing that comes "closest
to man's business and bosoms," as Lord Bacon
long ago told the world. Whatever mankind
may know or want to know, the labors necessary
to provide food, clothing, and shelter concern it
most nearly because all others depend upon these.
If, at any time, the men who are back of industry
NEGLECT OR REFUSE
to supply this news, they are soon enveloped in
an atmosphere of doubt ancl suspicion to the
hurt of themselves and society. Rumor tnen succeeds
to certainty and confidence is so shattered
that bad results must follow.
It does not depend upon money paid in any
form because this is not an element that enters
into the collection or the publication of the news;
but it does depend upon frankness, willingness
to give information, determination to furnish the
facts to which the public—the newspaper in this
case being its unconscious agent—believes itself
entitled, and honest co-operation in writing the
day's history, which is the vital function of the
newspaper. This is why, from the greatest to
the least, they welcome trustworthy reports about
human enterprise as it takes the form of industries;
but it must be genuine, independent, full
of information, expressive of the opinion of responsible,
well-meaning men, and interesting to
the people it is desired to reach. I have never

known a State, or even a neighborhood, where
the newspapers were not really friendly to its
industries nor one where there was a disposition
to be unfair if they were treated with the courtesy
and consideration common between men of character
and standing.
While the newspaper is an important factor in
recording public sentiment about industry, other
elements are still more vital to its making or
creation. Its sources lie in the men engaged in
the organization ancl conduct of business in all
its ramifications. If they realize they
HAVE OTHER DUTIES
than the mining and the selling of coal; or Unbuilding
and the running of railroads; or the
cutting of lumber; or the management of factories;
or the growing of crops; then they will
so form and modify among themselves the feeling
about industry that the resulting sentiment must
be friendly. If they are sure that they understand
each other and the motives and principles
that move them there is not likely to be much
question of opposition to what they do or want.
Morally, they are guided by precepts and examples
which have created precedents from
which there is no escape because without these
they could not long remain in business at all,
but it is as desirable as it is necessary that the
rigidity of these principles shall be constantly
enforced.
Another thing both desirable and necessary in
the creation and maintenance of a wholesome
public sentiment, based upon knowledge, is that
the men of a given area, engaged in various
undertakings of importance to all should inform
themselves upon the other callings or branches of
business carried on within the scope of their
influence. In reality, the most vital feature in
the formation of an instructed public sentiment
is that men engaged in the varied industries of
the world shall get an adequate idea of what
ancl how those in other occupations may be
thinking about the large questions that are of interest
or important to all. The
SCENES SO SHIFT
that, in due course, something like a general
understanding about many things may result and
thus cure prejudice and narrowness.
If the farmers of your State could really know
the other commanding industries around them
upon which their own prosperity depends, different
as they are, in all respects from their own,
and thus supplement the study of each by all,
it would be impossible that serious misconceptions
should arise or that the men engaged in one
industry should permit themselves to do an injustice
to those engaged in another. It would
then be possible to resist strike legislation or
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
proposed systems and methods of taxation or assessment
known to be unjust, or the measures
proposed in the interest of a class, because it
would be clearly understood by all concerned that
the cost which one was asked to pay would, in
the end, have to be met by all. Such knowledge
would promote a more careful study of the incidence
of laws and show how difficult it is, even
to impossibility, to lay upon one industry a burden
which is not finally distributed over all.
I was interested, recently, in the course of my
reading, to come across an expression in a letter
of Florence Nightingale to Sir William Wilson
Hunter in which she said:
"We should always place on record what we
expect to accomplish by our acts of Parliament
so that every measure should not be an experiment
but an experience."
How fortunate we should be, as a people, if,
in all the relations which
OUSINESS HOI.US TO THE LAW
and its administration, we could command the
results of experience rather than be subjected to
the peril to which every ignorant agitator or
legislator invites us when he proposes some experiment—many
times one already tried with
disaster as its only visible result.
It must not be forgotten that the punishment
incident to economic fallacies and blunders fall
ultimately upon industry. It cannot escape payment
of the bills when they are finally made up.
If a President gets into a rage and indulges
himself as a madman; if a Cabinet officer looks
out for himself, leaving the country to suffer for
his ignorance or indifference to its interests; if
now one party and then another attaches itself
to discredited doctrines—in every ease industry
suffers and pays. One of the most interesting questions
that we can ask ourselves—and as partisans
none of us can be exempt from responsibility—is
when shall we tire of thetask we have so often
set for ourselves, of rewarding and honoring men
for the mischief they have done or that we know
they will do? If, as the natural effect of such
confidence, there conies a great business catastrophe
in which thousands of men are thrown
out of employment, industry must bear the burden
and it seldom falls upon the men who have
made or precipitated the crisis.
Nor can we throw the blame upon some undefined
class or type of foreign voters or upon those
sometimes called anarchists or socialists. I am
sometimes inclined to fear that our principal
STOCK IN TRADE,
when it comes to these serious matters, is cowardice
and that we seek to throw off our responsibilties
upon imaginary persons or classes,

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. I
when in fact they come as the result of our own
carelessness, or thoughtless or ignorance.
It is not enough, however, for us to assure ourselves
that our industries do not deserve to be
unpopular; but every effort that ingenuity can
devise should be made to insure that this unfavorable
sentiment shall not be perpetuated until
it grows into proportions that nothing can
resist. This safety can only come from frankness;
from continued and unremitting attention
to essentials; from the corrections of abuses when
they are shown to exist and from a refusal to
shut our eyes to their existence; and from those
open appeals to both interest and justice which
seldom fail to create the sane public sentiment
necessary for confidence and prosperity.
SUCCESSFUL ILLINOIS CANDI­
DATES FOR CERTIFICATES.
The Illinois State Mining Board has announced
the following list of those who have passed the
examination for certificates under the state mining
laws:
Mine Managers, First Class—Ben H. Schull,
Johnston City: Samuel Smith, Bush; George Dewilde,
Pekin; XV. E. Grissom, Johnston City;
Anthony Jakonbek, Belleville; D. Marquis, Cuba;
Freed Freeman, Witt; John Smith, Johnston City;
R. L. Fagg, Springfield; C. J. Daly, Springfield;
I. N. Payless, Christopher; Brooks Clark, Carterville.
Mine Managers, Second Class—Dennis Crumley,
Elmwood; Ernest Wilkinson, Mineral; Charles
Weber, Millstadt; James Calhoun, Maplewood; William
Bath, St. David; John Becker, Kewanee:
Ellis Rainey, Peoria.
Mine Examiners—Esau Davis, Johnston City;
John Leonard. Christopher; H. T. Bannister, Benton;
Mike McNamara, Pawnee; John H. Paden,
Stonington; John Lennox, Collinsville; Edward
Fttrey, Beckemeyer; Thomas H. Chapman, Westville:
Anton Berola, Fairbury; H. D. Harten, Benton;
D. D. Wilcox. Gillespie; Charles Jakenbek,
Belleville; Edward McGinnis, Clinton; John
Hughes, Johnston City; Michael Gettings. West
Frankfort; Joseph Cull, Johnston City.
Hoisting Engineers—Charles R. Taylor, Cantrail;
Joseph Williams, Peoria; Orphie Elliott.
Marion; Moddy E. Roberts. Bartonville; Gerald
Pirkle, Sorento; James Blanford, Auburn; Fred
Bacon, Buckner; William O. Hinton, Georgestown;
Louis Salger, Willisville; Guy 0. McTntire, Pekin;
Herman XV. Weber, Freeburg; Jasper Salmons.
Tower Hill; Fred Oecbsner, Beckemeyer; John W.
Smith, Marissa: George Swanson, Canton; Lawrence
McKinnie, Benton: Fred Eddy, Athens; Phil
Henneke, Lovington.
LABOR LEADERS FILE CHARGES AGAINST
FEDERAL JUDGE A. G. DAYTON, OF WEST
VIRGINIA.
Charges against Judge A. G. Dayton of the United
States Circuit Court for West Virginia were
filed with President Wilson Feb. IS by a committee
from the Ohio Valley Trades and Labor assembly
and the United Mine Workers of America, consisting
of W. B. Hilton and L. F. Waflam of Wheeling,
A. M. Belcher of Charleston, and Frank Lravinka
of Bridgeport.
The allegations are that Judge Dayton, who was
a member of Congress for many years from West
Virginia, has issued injunctions against labor
unions that practically declare them illegal; that
he has had men and women arrested upon the
charge of asking other men to join a union, that
Judge Dayton has publicly declared his antagonism
against persons not yet on trial, but expected soon
to be arraigned before him; that he has compelled
persons arrested upon his own order, charged with
violations of his injunctions, to travel many miles,
at their own expense, causing them not only expenditure
of their own money, but annoyance; that
his decisions, comments and attitude generally
prove him constitutionally incapacitated by prejudice
from acting as a judge, and the request is
made that he be removed from the bench.
President Wilson told the committee presenting
the petition he would refer their complaint to the
"proper authorities."
Jt CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
The Modoc Coal Mining Co., Algoma, W. Va„
will develop 1,500 acres of coal near that place.
A plant with a daily capacity of 1.000 tons is
planned. The machinery will include electric
motors, and J. J. Huddleson, manager, Algoma, W.
Va., wants prices on tipple machinery, mine cars,
finished lumber, cement, brick, doors, frames and
windows. Eugene Powell, of Crystal, W. Va., is
the company's construction engineer.
S. W. Allerton. of Chicago, will open a coal mine
at Allerton, III., in the near future. An excellent
nine-foot seam of coal underlies the town at a
depth of 200 feet. Mr. Allerton owns practically
all of the land in the vicinity of the town.
The Wolf Valley Coal Co., T. C. Loucks, president.
Chicago, III., will develop 2,500 acres of coal
land near Rosenvelt, Ky.
The Ohio Utility commission has approved the
request of the Hocking Valley railway to issue
$800,000 equipment trust certificates for the purpose
of purchasing 1,000 steel cars for the coal
trade.

THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION
SUSTAINS FREIGHT RATES TO VALLEYS.
The Interstate Commerce Commission Feb. 21
made a decision sustaining the freight rate of 70
cents per ton on coal from the Pittsburgh district
to the Shenango ancl Mahoning valleys. The
decision was made on the suit of the Youngstown
Sheet & Tube Co. against the Pittsburgh & Lake
Erie railroad, that has been pending since November,
1911.
The commission discusses the complaint at
length and explains that the steel company demanded
a non-discriminatory rale which on a
basis of the previous differential of 13 cents, under
the lake cargo rate from the Pittsburgh district
to lower lake ports, wouid make the rate to (he
valleys 6 cents. The argument that the ra(e from
the Pittsburgh district to the valleys has been a
certain differential under the lake cargo rate from
the same point of origin to the lower ports loses
its force, the opinion says, that in face of the
fact that from 1907 to the time when the lake
cargo rate of 88 cents was reduced by 10 cents a
ton the valleys had a differential of IS cents under
the lake cargo rate. This latter rate, it is explained,
is applicable only on eoal trans-shipped
by vessels to points beyond.
The commission, in commenting on the cost of
transportation by the railroads, says, in part:
"In view of recent decisions in reference to coal.
coke and ore rates, it is unnecessary to reiterate
here our opinion of the weight to be given cost
estimates. The figures produced indicate that
the constructive rate of 46.5 cents per ton is considerably
too low. When it is remembered that
the valley rate alone covers a wide district of
origin and a large area of distribution, that the
service is satisfactory, that the inter-relation between
it and many other rates from adjacent districts
is involved, it is apparent that we should
not condemn it, without complete and satisfactory
proof."
Discussing the contention of the complaint, the
commission says: "It is contended that a rate
which has remained stationary for 10 years is
relatively lower today than it was 10 years ago,
insofar as the earning power of the railroad is
concerned; that although the gross income has increased,
the operating, maintenance and fixed
charges, together with taxes and other expenses,
have outstripped the revenue increase and the net
income has decreased. Many of the facts and
arguments which complainants submit as reason
for the reduction asked bear a double aspect. For
instance, the rate was lower 10 years ago, being
60 cents, but the present rate of 70 has been maintained
for the past 10 years."
The opinion concludes with a summary of the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
question involved, in part, as follows: "The allegations
of discrimination rests on three grounds.
First, a relation which existed between the lake
cargo rate from the Pittsburgh district to lake
ports and the rate from the Pittsburgh distiict
to the valleys. Prior to 1903 the latter rate was
13 cents under the lake cargo rate, and when that
rate was reduced in the Boileau case no corresponding
reduction was made in the valley rate,
notwithstanding the fact that the carriers in that
case laid particular emphasis on the disruptive
effect upon other coal rates of any reduction in the
lake cargo rate. But the exhibit of the complainants
with respect to the relative rate situation refutes
the assertion of a maintained differential
since 1907 on which date ancl until the reduction
of the lake cargo rate of 78 cents a ton the valley
rate was 18 cents under the lake rate.
"Second the haul from the Pittsburgh district
to the lower lake ports is on the average 168.5
miles, which, on the present lake cargo rate, produces
4.5 mills per ton mile, where for a little
more than half the distance the rate per ton mile
is 7.05 mills from the Pittsburgh district to the
valley. The circumstances and conditions surrounding
the transportation of lake cargo coal are
dissimilar from those which obtain with respect
to the valley coal. For example, lake cargo coal
moves in train loads to the lower lake ports, from
whence it moves by water to distant markets,
where it comes into competition with coal from
otlier fields. It moves mainly in the summer
months, and thus affords a market for the producers
and business for the carriers during what
otherwise would be a dull period.
"Third, that coal to the valley districts is subject
to unjust discrimination in that it is made
to pay an undue proportion of the carriers' gross
revenue when compared with other classes of
freight, including coal. That is, the train-mile
and car-mile earnings of coal traffic on the Pittsburgh
& Lake Erie railroad, are respectively $20.97
and $37.22, while the revenue per train-mile ancl
per car-mile on all freight on the three principal
roads in interest are as follows: Train mile,
Pennsylvania, $2.85; Pittsburgh & Lake Erie, $9.12;
Baltimore & Ohio, $2.55. Car mile: Pennsylvania,
16.69 cents; Pittsburgli & Lake Erie, 26.42 cents.
and Baltimore & Ohio, 13.21 cents."
The jury in the cases of the officials of the Western
Fuel Co., indicted in San Francisco for defrauding
the United States in the weighing of coal
delivered to army transports, Feb. IS found James
B. Smith, vice president and general manager:
F. C. Mills, superintendent, and E. H. Mayer,
weigher, guilty as indicted. E. J. Smith, a checker,
was acquitted.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The West Virginia Coal Mining Institute begins
its sessions this morning in a very serious mood.
Our estimable Secretary, Prof. E. N. Zern. has
arranged to lead you through a maze of profound
discussions relating to chemistry, salesmanship,
the influence of Public Sentiment. Scientific min­
ing ancl the enforcement of the Prohibition law;
we will travel to Panama with former Governor
MacCorkle; Hon. Lee Ott will tell us the story
of the humane compensation law: and Governor
Hatfield, for many years a distinguished medical
practioner, will speak on Sanitation ancl the pro­
tection of health in mine villages.
A few years ago Institutes were unknown in
our state. Our gatherings were limited to political
conventions, meetings of various Grand Lodges
and occasional camp-meetings. The individual
manager ancl operator never visited the plant of
his neighbor. It would have been regarded as
impolite—possibly as spying. There was very
littie traveling to the so-called backwoods or "up
the creek." The operator journeyed from the
mine to the banking town for a pay roll and
sometimes visited the general office of a railroad
to sell some fuel. The motive power at a mine
was a mule; the best mining machine was Irish
and for ventilation we sometimes lighted a fire
at the bottom of a mud-daubed frame stack proudly
called a furnace.
It would be interesting to trace the develop­
ment of the mining industry from these crude
beginnings and make a contrast with the goal
which the eminent men in our profession an-
now seeking to attain, but 1 prefer to carry you
away for a few minutes from the symbols of
chemistry, the wonders of electricity ancl the constructional
WORK OF .MAX
for a little journey to the lands beyond "the
head of the creek."
I count it as a bit of rare good fortune that
professional duties called me into the mountains
while the men and women there were still natural,
the spinning wheel in use, handmade rifles
in service, good old sorghum served in coffee, and
celluloid collars and patent leather shoes un­
known. There was always a cordial welcome
for the stranger and many a time the head of
(be house has called from the door of a cabin,
"Get off your horse ancl come in and warm up—
you know pore folks have pore ways but we're
glad to see you."
Once 1 entered a field that had evidently been
•Presidents address West Virginia Coal Mining Institute
Charleston. W. Va.. Dec 8. 1913.
THE MINERAL MAN 5
By Mr. Neil Robinson
visited by several coal seekers, for the following
loudly shouted conversation took place. The man
who owned the coal opening I was endeavoring
to locate was ploughing far down on a hillside
below the ridge road:
"Hello! Are you Mr. Frank?"
"Yes; ancl who mout you be?"
"I am Mr. Robinson from over at Charleston
in Kanawha County."
Mr. Frank made a megaphone of his hands and
literally yelled back:
"Air you one of them dern mineral men what
goes through the country a lookin' at coal seams
and a Ieavin' down fences?"
Of course it was useless to deny my guilt and
we finally compromised by* his election as boss
of (he rail fence gang with the right to discharge
himself if the work was not well done. No one
was discharged.
Two days later I came to the clearing of an
old settler who had been there "ever sence it
was a case of
ONE 1)1.AZE FROM HOME
and two blazes fer home." The cabin was without
a window ancl as we sat by the log fire our
light from the open door was cut off by a tre­
mendously large woman, barefooted and smoking
a pipe, who stood on the step watching some kittens
at play. My local guide looked up in some
surprise and said: "Why, Mr. Lotts. I did not
realize that your wife was so big—1 thought she
was a thin woman." The old man put his hand
to the side of his mouth and said: "Smith, I
reckon you're thinkin' of the t'other one. That
'un was a powerful worker but she was thin es a
fence rail, but you know I traded her 'n a rifle
for this 'un an a coon dog—an' 'fore God, Smith,
I jes wish you could see that coon dog."
Many times in my travels I have met men who
tinder more favorable circumstances might have
graced the highest courts in our land or have
become masters in the world of commerce and
finance. These really great men in many in­
stances were lost to the great world through a
fine sense of duty to dependent women and children
in their little world. As the poet has said,
"Full many a flower is born to blush unseen and
waste its sweetness on the desert air"—and many
acts of devotion in the depths of the mountains
are unknown to mankind. Let us hope that they
are recorded in the Great Book of Life.
The typical mountaineer of the older school is
nearly always logical in his
PROCESSES OF REASONING.
He reaches his conclusions without mental fines-

sing and has a why for every wherefore. I recall
passing a camp-meeting ground in the early
morning and afterwards passing scores of men
and women hurrying to the services. It seemed
to me that every house on the mountain would
be deserted and that all thought of dinner might
have to be abandoned, but a little before noon we
heard an old fashioned flail resounding from a
barn and knew the owner would soon eat and
perhaps we might be able to join him. While the
meal was progressing I asked my host how it
happened that he was not at church. "Well," he
said, "I ain't there fer two mighty good reasons.
In the first place I been usin' my stock purty
consid'ble this season and I ain't had no time fer
to corn cob 'em down and get 'em fittin' fu'
swappin'; and in the next place I was born
and raised in this here county and I know there
ain't enough religion among the perfessin' Chris
tians fer to save one soul and I don't perpose to
go down to that air meetin' and git my chances
of heaven mixed up with them dog-gone perfessin'
Christians."
There was a fine seam of coal six feet in thickness
showing in the outcrop by the barn but
wood only was burned in the house. This fact,
however, was easily explained: "Bein' a man of
sense and jedgment as I 'low ye are, you can see
for yourself that that coal is too dern fur fer
me to go pack it and it ain't fur enough to hook
up a team and go haul it—so we jes burn wood."
In justice to his wife it is only fair to remark
that she handled an axe with great skill.
Down on the Cumberland Plateau, in Tennessee,
I stopped at a cabin that was overflowing
with children and when we all sat down to supper
the
TABLE WAS LINED
on both sides from wall to wall. Of course a
reference was made to the fine large family and
the pride the parents must have in this possession,
when the old man by way of reply explained
everything: "Yes, sir; it's a big family, but it
ain't a matter of choice—it's a matter of needcessity.
LTs folks on the mountain hev to hev
big fambleys in order fer to git a fair sprinklin'
of boys. Ef you have a passel of boys around
the house some of 'em will do a leetle kase they're
fond of their maw, some kase they're feard of
their paw—and some kase they ain't got no better
sense—and 'tween them boys doin' a leetel
and me and the old woman here doin' a h
of a site, we manages to live."
There is a charm about the mountains that is
not equalled by the prairies with their monotonous
levels; and I have had days at sea when the
entire ocean would have been gladly traded for
a single knob in the Alleghanies. There is a
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
wonderful charm in our clear, cold streams; in
the hills when tipped with clouds; the drumming
of a pheasant; the play of the squirrels; the
flight of birds—all these please the eye. But
there is another pleasure in store for the lover
of the woods. Imagine a long day drawing to
its close, twilight deepening into dark. You are
traveling a strange trail in a strange land, when
the tinkling of a cow bell or the barking of a
dog is heard in the distance and presently the
sweet aroma of the "frying pan and bacon" floats
down the valley. That is a blissful moment.
You are
NEARINC A HOME
for the night and a long hour's talk before a big
log fire with all the family present and perhaps
a few of the neighbors who have stopped on their
way from a grist mill. One night like this in
the Pine or Cumberland mountains of Kentucky
I tried to harvest a little information for use on
the following day, but every inquiry addressed
to the head of the cabin brought a stereotyped
reply, "I don't know nuthin' about them things,
but I allow as I know as much about matermunny"—meaning
matrimony—"as any man on
the crick." My host was so full of this subject
that after supper I naturally asked for particulars
and this was the tale that he told.
"I've been married three times—and still a
livin'—and that's niore'n most of my neighbors
can say—and eight of my children are livin'—
and most of 'em here now."
They were all there, commencing with two
grown girls and ending with a baby a year old.
"The very fust time I married I got a woman
with lots of sperrit. She had the reddest head
this side the mountain and one of her eyes was
a leetle crossed and she had more temper than
me—and I got some. We fit frequent. We surely
did—and finally I got to norating round that
I was the only man on Kaintuck waters what
could live with her. In them days a feller what
had lost his last wife lived in that old clearin'
next mine and he 'lowed he
COULD LIVE WITH HER
at least six months and was willin' to bet a crackin'
good young steer against a colt 1 was raisin'
that he could. Me and my wife that then was,
talked it over and she was agreeable to goin'
pervidin' we could git a de-vorce—and we done
it easy, kase the squire what married us wuzn't
one of the bookkeeping kind and we jes tore up
the old stificate in the presence of the two Ramsey
brothers who was some of her kin. She
hitched up with the other feller and 1 made a
run of moonshine and took things sort o' ca'm
an deasy like fer a spell. Onst in a while I'd
go down to the line fence and look over to see
how the steer I was goin' to get was comin' on,

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and then I got to meetin' the other feller who
was still a stickiii' and had took to watchin' my
colt. 1 seen he was gettin' powerful interested,
as the six months was nigh up, and it made no
diffunce how many cockle-burrs that colt wore it
looked good to him, ancl I was gittin' mighty
much worrited. He sure was game. The day
before the time was up I knowed that somethin'
had to be did—and did quick—and 1 raked up
all the green apples and green corn and collicky
stuff 1 ever heerd of and commenced stuffin' that
colt—and it took—and afore midnight I went
after the feller to come and help do some doetorin'.
He swore a site and said it would die
afore mornin' and he was goin' home—and he
went that way—but he never stopped and he
never come back—and druv the steer over into
my lot before 'red-top' turned out to git her
breakfast!"
The talk was general for a little while, the
men said they remembered the affair, and "redtop's"
two girls remained quiet, apparently taking
the
ADJUSTMENT OF AFFAIRS
as perfectly natural. Without any urging the
old man took the floor again.
"Lots of tilings it wuss and yit sometimes
maybe you find 'em wusser—and too much sperrit
in a woman ain't so bad when you got one
what ain't got any—like my second wife. She
was com'fble fat when I got her and kep gittin'
fatter and fatter and I 'lowed I'd hev to git the
guv'mt to help feed her, when she up ancl died
rising three hunder pounds in weight. We had
to knock down a lean-to off'n the barn to make
a box, and it took that other feller's steer and
one of my own to sled her up on the p'int whar
she still is—but I bet she ain't no lazier dead
than she was afore it happened."
"1 ain't goin' to say nothin' 'bout this little
woman here now, kase she's young and spry ancl
I'm getting stiff in the jints and niout have a
leetle trouble in gittin' another if she'd run off."
There was neither a lamp nor a candle in the
house and the children lighted slivers of pitch
liine for illumination. Some of the rich pitch
spluttered into the corn bread and gave the latter
a flavor that was never known in modern
cooking schools—but perhaps
IT WAS INTRODUCED
to prevent the "last chance" wife from following
in the Jumbo-like footsteps of number two. Our
eminent conservationist, Dr. White, would have
commended my economy in food consumption—
at that time.
Upon innumerable occasions I have been asked
about the religion of the people in the mountains,
but the question is hard to answer. Earnest men
and women are found in every community. The
services of preachers are well attended and the
only songs one will hear on a long journey are
those taken from hymnals. Great consideration
is always given to a minister of prominence and
the housekeepers, if notified of the coming of a
Presiding Elder or Bishop, will spend days in
preparing food. Some five or six years ago I
was planning a trip through eastern Kentucky
when the itinerary of a Presiding Elder was made
known to me by the enthusiastic brother who had
perfected the arrangements. I at once showed
appreciation of the skill of this brother by destroying
my own plan and accepting the one
made for the elder, but to avoid a conflict in
dates and over-crowding in small houses, I made
the complete circuit two days in advance. That
was the time I gained in weight at the rate of
sixteen ounces a day. The elder lost about twenty
pounds on his trip, which is hard to account for
as I had found the living conditions unusually
good.
But I must sand the track, sprag the cars and
stop the train. It would please me to tell you
about the amateur geologist over in Buchanan
County. Virginia, who accounted for an immense
MASS OF BROKEN STONE
on a slope of the mountain by declaring that he
had "studied about it a site and finally 'lowed
that when the Lord was in these here parts
sowin' rocks, he must have drapped his apron
string in a-comin' over the pint."
The neighborliness of the people could be exemplified
by the attitude of a good old friend in
a Southern county. He was divorced and at
once married again, and the divorced wife immediately
married and went to live on the adjoining
place. When my host was asked howhe
got along with his ex-wife he said, "Fine,
mighty fine. We are the very best of neighbors.
Why, there ain't a family on the mounting we
borrow as much from as we do from them folks."
At the risk of being called a bad neighbor, 1
will cease borrowing from your time and will
now turn the Institute into its accustomed channels,
at the same time hoping that your stay in
Charleston may be pleasant, that old time friendships
may be renewed and that your deliberations
may result in great good for the thousands of
men whose welfare and safety rest so largely in
your hands.
A $60,000 coal tipple of the Boomer Coal & Coke
Co., Boomer, W. Va., was completely destroyed by
lire recently. It was necessary to use dynamite
!o blow up this structure in order to save three
smaller ones which were in close proximity. The
cause of the fire was unknown.

According to the report of the international
auditors of the United Mine Workers, the total
amount expended in the strike in the Northern
Coalorado coal fields, for relief, from Oct. 1, 1912,
to Dec. 1, 1913, was $586,771.59 and the total amount
collected through assessments and contributions
was $621,312.90, leaving a balance on hand at the
last named date of $34,541.31.
The strike of the miners of the Central Coal &
Coke Co., at Fort Smith, Ark., involving 1,000 men,
has been settled and the men are back at work.
The strike was called on the giounds that the
operators refused to abide by the decision of the
district arbitrator, who upheld the claims of four
miners for compensation in a period of alleged
enforced idleness.
The nine mine examining hoards in the counties
of Schuylkill, Northumberland, Columbia, Carbon
and Dauphin, Pennsylvania, will hold examinations
for mine foreman certificates at Pottsville,
Pa., April 2 and 3.
President Patrick Gilday of the United Mine
Workers of Central Pennsylvania, District No. 2,
as undergone an operation for a tumor in the
stomach.
The annual convention of the United Mine
Workers of District 11, Indiana Bituminous, wiil
be held at Terre Haute, lnd., March 10.
The annual convention of the United Mine Workers
of sub-district No. 5 of District No. 6 will be
held at Wheeling, W. Va., March 12.
The Deepwater Coal & Coke Co.. with headquarters
in Evansville, lnd., has announced it will
operate its mines with union labor.
Iowa operators ancl niiners will meet at Des
Moines, la., March 10 to fix a new wage scale.
W. P. Poland, head of the Marion Coal Co.,
Scranton, Pa„ who filed the original charges
against former Judge Archbold, has laid before the
Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives
charges against Judge Charles B. Witmer,
of the U. S. Court of the Central district of Pennsylvania;
against the Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western railroad ancl against the Erie railroad,
alleging that they are trying to punish him for
his actions and testimony in the Archbold case.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
Seidenfeld Hammond Coal Co., Columbus, O.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, Charles Seidenfeld,
E. H. Hammond, Louis M. Seidenfeld, Mary Hammond
ancl XV. B. Cockrell, all of Columbus.
Modoc Coal Mining Co., Bramwell, W. Va.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, J. J. Huddleston, Algoma,
W. Va., and W. H. Thomas, Edward Cooper,
W. J. Pritchard, J. B. Perry, all of Bramwell.
King-Pocahontas Coal Co., Vivian, W. Va.; capital,
$7,000,000; incorporators, Lewis H. Freedman,
Albert T. Maurice, Daniel D. Murray, William D.
Tucker and John Ferguson, all of New York.
Ruffner Coal Co., Accoville, AV. Va.; capital, $25,-
000; incorporators, Martha D. Ruffner, R. Owyn
Ruffner, Iaeger, W. Va.: C. L. Donevant, Berwind.
W. Va.; W. W. White, Welch, W. Va.
Premium Fuel Co., Parkersburg, W. Va.; capital,
$64,000; incorporators, T. E. Graham, Paulus
Resso, Charles H. Betts, L. Dayton Dunsmoor ancl
H. G. Crumley, all of Parkersburg.
Victor Coal Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; capital.
$300,000; incorporators, Joel H. De Victor, E. L.
Mohn, Thomas R. Patton, XV. H. De Victor, Philadelphia,
and L. G. McCrum, Somerset, Pa.
Wilkes-Barre Anthracite Coal Co.. New York
City; capital, $200,000; incorporators, E. J. Forhan,
F. B. Knolton and S. V. Dowling, all of New
York City.
Home Coal Co., Monongahela City, Pa.; capital.
$15,000; incorporators, George Myford, R. H. Robinson,
Jr., and John C. Rue, all of Monongahela
City'.
Clover Creek Coal Co., Providence, Ky.; capital,
$10,000; incorporators, F. V. Ruckman, D. J.
Buehman and E. B. Robinson, all of Providence.
Murray Mining Co., Columbus, O.; capital, $15,-
000; incorporators, J. C. Yountz, A. R. Jones, S. M.
Comly, C. E. Leslie, Charles E. Nixon.
Marion & Pittsburgh Coal Co., Marion, 111.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, Hogan Willeford, Fred
Slotler, W. L. Dunston, all of Marion.
McPheeters Land & Mineral Co., Terre Haute,
lnd.; capital, $20,000; incorporators, S. A. McPheeters,
C. M. McPheeters, H. L. Cantrell.
W. S. Bogle & Co., Inc., Terre Haute, Inch; capital,
$60,000; incorporators, W. S. Bogle, C. W. Gillmore,
H. A. Stark and J. S. Shirkie.
North McAlester Coal Co., McAlester, Okla.:
capital, $5,000; incorporators, Richard E. Jones,
An eight-foot vein of coal has been found on the
Walter Cunningham, Rosie Jones.
grounds of the Inebriate hospital, Knoxville, la. Hansell Coal Co., Kokomo. lnd.: capital, $20,000;
The coal was struck by well drillers at a depth of incorporators, W. O. Bassett, XV. A. Hansell, G. A.
290 feet.
Hansell.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MANY CONSTITUTIONAL
VIOLATIONS ALLEGED.
The bill in equity of the Peoples' Coal Co. of
Scranton against the enforcement of the new 2 l 2
per cent, state anthracite tax by Archibald W.
Powell, auditor general ot Pennsylvania, and Rob­
ert K. Young, state treasurer, will be argued in
the Court of Common Pleas for Dauphin county
within a few days. The Peoples' Coal Co. avers
(hat the act imposing the tax is illegal in eight
different ways and as illogical as it is illegal.
The first legal objection to the act is that it is
a local and special act, and no notice of its pass­
age or proposed passage was given as should have
been clone according to Article 3, Section S, of the
Constitution of Pennsylvania.
The second legal objection is that the tax vio­
lates Section 1 of Article 9 of (he State Constitu­
tion which provides that all taxes shall be uniform
upon the same class of subjects within the
territorial limits of the authority levying the tax.
Anthracite coal differs from bituminous, semibituminous,
and semi-anthracite coal in no wise
except in the percentage of fixed carbon contained
in it, and the line of demarcation is so slight, and
the uses to* which it is put so similar as to make
any attempt to separate it from other coal as a
subject of taxation arbitrary, illogical and illegal.
All of these coals are mined within the limits of
the state of Pennsylvania which is the authority
imposing the tax.
The third legal objection to the lax refers to
the elementary principle of taxation that the pur­
pose of the taxation must pertain to the district
taxed, and this objection also covers the illogical
features of the distribution of the proceeds. The
result of the distribution of one-half the proceeds
to the boroughs and townships of the various
counties where coal operations are carried on, pro
rata according to their populations, as specified
in the act, would be that many boroughs and town­
ships would receive large sums of money from
this source when, as a matter of fact, not a pound
of coal of any description is produced within their
limits;.
It is pointed out that if this act were enforced,
a number of municipalities in tbe county of Lackawanna,
for instance, would receive amounts two,
(hree. four or five times as great as their municipal
expenditures, when these municipalities do
not produce a pound of anthracite coal or any
other kind. Dalton borough, Waverly borough,
Benton township, Covington township, Greenfield
township, Jefferson township, Newton township,
Scott township, and South Abington township, of
which the above is tiue, would receive an esti­
mated aggregate of nearly $20,000. This would
result, on the other hand, in only a ridiculously
small amount being appropriated to the munici­
palities producing the coal.
The fourth legal objection is that the bill is
contrary to Article 3, Section 3 of the Constitution
of Pennsylvania, which provides that no bill, ex­
cept general appropriation bills, shall be passed
containing more than one subject, which shall be
clearly expressed in its title. The bill in question
provides in its third section that the failure
of the operator to furnish reports shall constitute
a misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprison­
ment, thus introducing a new crime into the crim­
inal code of Pennsylvania without a word in the
title of the act which gives notice of any such
purpose or intention.
The act is also alleged to violate two provisions
of the Constitution of the United States. Anthra­
cite is an article of interstate commerce, ancl
Article 1. Section 8 of the Constitution provides
that Congress shall have the power to regulate
commerce among the several states. Further­
more, the Fourtteenth Amendment to the Consti­
tution provides that no state shall "deprive any
person of life, liberty or property without due
process of law."
Finally the act is said to be contrary to Sec­
tion 18 of Article 3 of the Constitution of Pennsylvania
inasmuch as it undertakes to distribute
as a gratuity to certain communities large sums
of money, assessed and collected by the accounting
officers of the commonwealth as state taxes,
said communities being in no special manner entitled
thereto, because the subject matter of the
said tax is not situated within their limits. An
additional violation of Article 3, Section 3 of the
Constitution of Pennsylvania is involved in the
fact that it contains two distinct and diverse sub­
jects, not clearly expressed in its title, i. e., the
provision for raising revenue by taxation and the
appropriation of state funds, raised by this taxa­
tion, to various municipal corporations.
The Interstate Commerce commission has suspended
until Aug. 8, 1914. the operation of certain
schedules contained in the tariffs of the Louisville
& Nashville and Illinois Central railroads. The
carriers proposed by the suspended schedules to
make certain reductions in rates applicable to the
transportation of coal from mines along the L. &
N., in Virginia, west of Middlesboro, to points
north of the Ohio river, the operation of which was
previously suspended from Oct. 11, 1913, until Feb.
8, 1914.
The Ajax Coal Co.. with mines at Fort Hill, Pa.,
on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, has resumed
operations after being idle for several years. Fred
Row-e of Meyersdale, Pa., is president of the company.

KENTUCKY COAL PRODUCTION IN 1912.*
1912. 1911.
St. Bernard Mining Co 1,374,253 1,102,743
Consolidation Coal Co 767,485 518,761
Continental Coal Corporation. 730,989 641,186
West Kentucky Coal Co 675,522 527,095
W. G. Duncan Coal Co 558.249 524,152
Stearns Coal Co 422,912 317,792
North Jellico Coal Co 409,965 362,337
Clear Fork Coal & Coke Co.. . . 333,100 393,168
North East Coal Co 319,898 242,71S
Gatliff Coal Co 312,175 257.052
Borderland Coal Co 307,494 336.556
Kington Coal Co 241,120 206,044
Crescent Coal Co 216.028 252.945
Reinecke Coal Mining Co 213,014 179,698
Providence Manufacturing Co. 197,156 151,890
Greenville Coal Co 193.180 117,281
Turkey Gap Coal & Coke Co.. 181,503 145,437
Central Coal & Iron Co 178,890 214,946
Mahan Jellico Coal Co 164,093 128,834
Ohio Valley Coal & Mining Co. 163,928 126,106
Nortonville Ccal & Coke Co... 161,852 144,300
Majestic Collieries Co 155,741 132,579
McHenry Coal Co 154,315 223,655
Taylor Coal Co 152,965 164,684
Lane Coal Co 148,077 90,882
Wisconsin Steel Co 146,718 11,130
Interstate Coal Co 144,600 152,047
Gibraltar Coal Mining Co 137,370 182,310
Bevier Coal Co 136,04S 94,830
Sunset Coal Co 131,486 107,056
Williams Coal Co 130,892 158,S06
Southern Mining Co 128,900 70,832
Victoria Coal Co 125,648 114,716
Beech Creek Coal Co 115,780 93,301
Log Mountain Gas, Coal & Coke
Co 113.266 94,803
Jellico Coal Mining Co 110,447 110.0S6
Broadway Coal Mining Co.... 109,82S 111,414
East Jellico Coal Co 109.454 117,301
New Bell-Jellico Coal Co 108.123 108,378
Stirling Coal & Coke Co 107,745 89,935
Black Diamond Mining Co.... 106.447 S9.670
Elkhorn Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co 106,356 21,032
Crabtree Coal Mining Co 104,372 105,556
Burnwell Coal & Coke Co 104,349 96,207
Muhlenberg Coal Co 103,767 67,219
Pittsburgh Coal Co 96,454 96,249
Rose Creek Coal Co 96,322 89,685
Holt Coal Co, .* ,984 43,364
Cabin Branch Coal Co. & Steele
Coal Co o0,202 42,977
Winona Coal & Coke Co 84,109 97,648
Matthews Jellico Coal Co 81,224 65,296
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
1912. 1911.
Stony Fork Coal Co 77,278 66,544
Vulcan Coal Co 77.248 91,532
Green River Coal & Coke Co.. . 73,474 70,640
Nelson Creek Coal Co 72,172 SI,629
Hillside Coal Co 70,955 15,425
Clifty Consolidated Coal Co.. 69,507 46,864
Carbondale Coal & Coke Co... 69,124 65,451
Wallins Creek Coal Co 68,025 S.730
Thacker Coal Mining Co 66,288 72,873
Kentucky Midland Coal Co.. . . 66,233 50,154
Ruckman Coal Co 65,620 44,546
Fluhart Collieries Co 63,397 37,154
Rockport Coal Co 62,953 49.625
Imperial Jellico Coal Co 62,535 67,555
Elk Valley & Continental Fuel
Co 61,107 69,089
Nebo Consolidated Coal & Coking
Co 59,486 72,683
New Hughes Jellico Coal Co.. . 59.429 63.90S
New Straight Creek Coal Co.. 59,371 49,990
Highland Mining Co 58,818 22,807
Louisa Coal Co 58,184 39,269
Acme Coal Co 56,711 46,352
Prestonsburg Coal Co 56,293 42,296
Hignite Coal Mining Co 56,035 54,166
Kentucky Block Cannel Coal Co. 55,654 50,678
Middle Creek Coal Co 55.214 44,550
Diamond Coal Co 54,648 50,251
Advance Coal Mining Co 53,415 48,658
Eagle Coal Co 53.392 67.662
Main Jellico Mountain Coal Co. 52,343 46,766
Colonial Coal & Coke Co 51,114 27,047
Allburn Coal & Coke Co 51.010 23,086
Cliff Coal Co 50.937 13,703
Coleman Manufacturing Co 49,510 49,416
Greenough Coal & Coke Co... 48.573 21.255
Proctor Coal Co 46,565 58 023
Keyser Coal Co. 46,326 800
Cooke Jellico Coal Co 45.713 43.391
Stonega Coal & Coke Co 43.354
Webster County Coa' Co 41,824 37,748
Alabama Coal & Coke Co 41,739
Chenoa-Hignile Coal Co 41.601 19,799
Royal Collieries Co 41.428 27,578
Clover Fork Coal Co 41,424
Trosper Coal Co 41.376 52,895
Wilhoit Coal Co 40,686 5,954
Sagamore Coal Co 40,347 33,258
Brush Creek Mining & Manu­
facturing Co 39,869
Big Branch Coal Co 38,472 32,087
Mt. Morgan Coal Co 38,382 33,31?
Columbia Coal Co 37,669 52,370
Coil Coal Co 36,685 6,900
Indian Creek Coal Co 36,551 90
Elk Coal Co 36,481 35,259
Poncl Creek Coal Co 36,416
••Compiled from statistics furnished by Prof. C. .T. Ideal Block Coal Co
Norwood, State Inspector of Mines.
34,791 6,547

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
1912. 1911.
Morganfield Coal & Mining Co. 34,769 31,729
Beaver Pond Coal Co 34,070 24,132
Pioneer Coal Co 33,888
New Laurel Coal Co 32,757 34,243
Monarch Coal & Coke Co 32,557 41,741
Uniontown Coal & Mining Co.. 31,547 10,182
Harlan Town Coal Co 31,220
Peoples Mining Co 31,089 29,397
River & Rail Coal & Coke Co.. 30,989 39,457
Kewanee Coal Co 30,509 13,743
Peerless Coal Co 30,302
Fern Hills Coal Co 29,739 29,960
Panama Coal Co 29,450
Mary Lucke Coal Co 29,079 1,220
Cedar Point Coal Co 28,158 15,149
Big Run Coal Co 27.917 46.998
Empire Coal & Coke Co 27.825 25,471
Sebree Mining 6 Development
Co 27,339 18,977
R. L. Forsythe 26,704 19,910
Leeper Coal Co 26,061 18.S44
Campbell Coal Mining Co 24,247 51,080
Greasy Creek Coal Co 24,100
Climax Coal Co 23,874
John Archbold Coal Co 23,626 31,788
Falls Branch Jellico Coal Co,. . 23,538
Henry Clay Coal & Coke Co.. . 23,388 22,407
D. R. Clere 23,060 20,307
Watts Jellico Coal Co 22,653 16,322
Mitchell Coke Co 22,009 20,663
Brent Hart Manufacturing Co. 21,900 S.0S0
Preston Coal Co 21,790 22,905
New Victoria Coal Co 20,661 19,235
West Jellico Coal Co 20,200 30,223
Shelby Coal Co 20,017 1,424
9S companies producing less
than 20,000 tons each 811,510 824,499
36 companies not appearing on
1912 report 351,889
Total 16,323,904
The Cambridge Collieries Co.. Cambridge, 0., is
dismantling its old Midway mine. The tipple of
the mine was burned some months ago and now the
company is taking up the rails, getting out all
the timber, machinery ancl pipes that are of value.
NEW TYPE MOTOR IS ATTRACTING ATTENTION.
The Robinson Ventilating Co., Jenkins Arcade,
Pittsburgh, has installed at the Aultman mine of
the Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Co.. near
Jacksonville. Pa., a new Robinson,
Turbine Reversible Fan. 5 feet, 3
inches in diameter, direct connected
to a 100 horsepower motor built by
the General Electric Co. The fan
has a capacity of 100,000 cubic feet
of air per minute against a 3-inch
water gauge, running at a speed
of approximately 360 revolutions
per minute.
The motor is direct connected to
the fan by a flexible coupling as
shown in the accompanying illustration,
and the motor is run on a
440 volt, phase, A. C. The cur­
rent is brought from a power house
about 8 miles away and reaches the
motor house at 6.600 volts, and is
there transformed, through the
transformer shown at the right of
the illustration, to 440 volts.
on a mine fan and its performances are being
watched with interest by the manufacturers and
niining men in general. As soon as the weather
The motor is polyphase, brush
changing, and through the use of
New Changeable Speed Motor at Aultman Mine of the Jefferson
and Clearfield Coal and Iron Company.
the wheel, shown in the front of the illustration, permits considerable testing of the motor will be
the speed of the motor can be changed from one- clone, to give the manufacturers accurate data as
third speed to full speed ancl any desired speed to its work. The motor is runing at present very
can be obtained.
economically, ancl at its present load is giving
This motor is the first of the kind ever operated entire satisfaction.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
A MODERN COAL MINE AND ITS EQUIPMENT
By George M. Crawford
The Allegheny River Mining Co. was incorporated
in 1907, in Pennsylvania, with a capital stock
of nearly three and one-quarter million dollars.
lis bonded indebtedness is one and one-quarter
millions, secured by some 23,000 acres of coal land,
500 railroad cars of the steel hopper bottom type,
having a capacity of 100,000 pounds, six consolidation
locomotives, and six cabooses. This equipment
is leased to the P. & S. R. R., which pays
the mining company interest on the investment
and the cost of repairs.
Beside the Furnace Run mines, the company has
the following operations: Hunts Run, near Brockwayville,
Pa., a new mine with a daily capacity of
500 net tons, ancl an ultimate estimated production
of 1,000 tons; Conifer, daily output 2,500 net
tons; Seminole, daily
output 2,500 tons:
Chickasaw, a newer
mine, daily production
at present 1,500
tons—ultimate capacity
2,500 tons. The
present output of the
Furnace Run mines
is 1,500 tons, which
will later reach 3,000
tons; making an aggregate
from all the
operations of this
company of 8,500
tons per day. whic-h
will reach 11,500
tons, when all are developed to capacity.
The Furnace Run mines. Nos. 1 and 2, of the
Allegheny River Mining Co., are situated on the
west bank of the Allegheny river, three miles
north of Kittanning, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania.
These mines are the most recent developments
of the company, which owns approximately
35,000 acres, part extending along the Allegheny
river for about 20 miles, in Armstrong county, and
controlling an adjacent acreage of equal area; and
about 7,000 acres in Jefferson county.
This company, whose headquarters are at Kittanning,
is developing coal lands, which were
opened up with the building of the Pittsburgh &
Shawmut railroad, through this section of Pennsylvania
This line, connecting with the Pittsburgh,
Shawmut & Northern, at Brockwayville, Paprovides
an outlet to the Great Lakes, and through
connection with other railroad systems, such as
the D., L. & W., to eastern and western markets.
While the southern terminus is now at Kittanning,
extension to Freeport and connection there with
the Pennsylvania lines is planned in the near future.
An outlet to the south ancl west is provided
by junction with the Buffalo, Rochester &
Pittsburgh lines, four miles north of Kittanning.
The company's mines are in the Freeport, Kittanning
and Brookville seams. The coal is sold
to and marketed by the Shawmut Coal & Coke Co.,
of Buffalo, N. Y.
Work on the mines at Furnace Run was begun
in July, 1912, ancl a detailed description of the
methods and equipment employed will be of interest,
because of the fact that the most up-to-date
ideas and practice have been employed to make
these mines as safe as possible, as well as econom-
General view- of Furnjn Run Mine ancl Buildings, from the Allegheny River.
ical and rapid producers. Both are drift mines,
the No. 1 being developed with six drifts or entries
on the Lower Kittanning, or "B" seam, while the
No, 2 mine is opened with two drifts on the upper
Freeport or "E" seam, which is about 180 feet
above the Lower Kittanning. The average thickness
of each of these seams is 42 inches, ranging
from 36 to a maximum of 60 inches in some places.
The coals in these seams are of excellent quality
for domestic as well as steam purposes, being of a
sfrong texture and of a blocky nature, which permits
easy preparation for market and excellent
condition.
The method of operation followed in both mines
is essentially the same. The room-and-pillar system
is used, the mine being divided into panels
containing 30 rooms, as shown by the sketch of
the No. 1 mine. The main entries are driven in
parallel, four abreast, the two outside entries being
used as air courses and the inside entries as haul-

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
age ways. The standard dimensions of all entries
are 9 feet wide by 6 feet high, bottom being taken
up or top removed, as necessary, to give proper
height and grade. The grades range from one to
three per cent. The butt or panel entries are
turned at right angles to the main entry, usually
on the double-entry system, or on the single-entry
system, when required by conditions. Rooms are
turned from these butt entries on 50-foot centers,
the standard dimensions giving a 25-foot room and
a 25-foot pillar; although where top is good, the
rooms are carried wider than this. They are
driven to a depth of 300 feet.
The top encountered uniformly in both mines is
a strong, black slate, and the bottom is of firm
fire-clay. All of the coal at the Furnace Run
mines is cut with machines. The entries, narrow
places ancl rooms are
driven hy this
means, and pillars
will eventually be
drawn by the same
method.
A trial of various
types of electric
chain machines resulted
in the adoption
of Sullivan
IRONCLAD continuous
coal cutters, of the
direct current pattern,
cutting to a
depth of 6% feet under the coal, and giving a kerf
or mining 5% inches in height. At the present
time the company has 17 of this pattern in service
in its various mines. The high cutting capacity
of the Sullivan IRONCLAD and its strength
and durability have provided satisfactory speed in
production, as well as economy in repair costs.
The operation of the IRONCLAD machine is illus­
trated by the accompanying series of pictures.
Figure 1 shows the machine on its self-propelling
truck, moving from the heading into the room.
This picture shows the customary method of transporting
all equipment used with the machine on
it when moving.
Figure 2. The machine has been squared with
the right hand rib, and is ready to make the sumping*
or rib cut.
Fig 3. This picture
was taken to
show how the IRON­
CLAD machine is
handled in manipulating
the feed chain
ancl the take-up rig
when an obstruction
is encountered in the
coal, such as a sulphur
ball, spar or
vein. The operator
first throws the body
of the machine forward,
to cut in front
of the obstruction.
Figure 4. This
shows the result of
a. break-down shot after niining with a Sullivan
IRONCLAD coal cutter and indicates how well the
coal shoots, after this machine. It also shows
how bloeky this coal is, and how readily it may
be wedged out and loaded in large lumps, the most
profitable condition for the market.
When the undermining is completed, the loaders
bore holes for blasting to the depth of the niining.
Fig*. 2.
namely, 61/, feet. Two shots are placed in the
entries and three in the room. In the entries the
shots are at each side, about a foot from the rib,
while in the room a center break-down shot is
fired first, followed by the rib shots, which are
placed in the same manner as in the entries. The
holes are bored straight in from the face. Black
powder is used for shooting, the cartridges being

1% inches in diameter by 14 inches long for the
side shots and 18 inches long by 1^4 inches in
diameter for the center shots. In the cut Fig. 4,
the rib shots have not been fired.
On main haulage entries 42-inch gauge track is
employed, consisting of 40-pound steel rails. On
butt entries 30-pound rails are used. Sixteenpound
rails are used in rooms, these being laid on
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
l-'ig. n.
steel mine ties to save vertical space. This affords
a very permanent and substantial roadway for
hauling the coal from the room faces clear to the
tipple.
The mine cars, which are of 1% tons capacity,
after being loaded at the face, are pushed by the
loaders to a room neck or parting, except when
the rooms dip or rise
on an unusual grade.
In these cases the
cars are pulled or
delivered by a 3-ton
gathering locomotive.
having a reel of
wire to permit its
entering the room.
These 3-ton locomotives
make up tiips
from the separate
panels, placing them
on the butt entry,
close to the main
entry switch, where
they are picked up
by an S-ton locomotive
on the main entry, which takes them to the
tipple. The smaller locomotive in the meantime
crosses over through a "shoo-fly" to the parallel
entry, distributes incoming empties to the parallel
panel, and picks up loaded cars on that panel.
This alternate process is repeated throughout the
day.
At the No. 2 mine, in the Freeport seam, the
8-ton loeomotives deliver the coal to a side-track,
outside the mine, where it is hauled over a tramway,
by a 15-ton electric locomotive, a distance
of about 7,000 feet, to the same tipple as that
which serves mine No. 1.
Following out the progress of the coal from the
mine, a modern ancl efficient plan of handling
the coal on the tipple
is giving excellent
satisfaction.
The coal conies to
the tipple on two
parallel tracks. It
is equipped with
two car hauls,
one for each track,
of the knock-over
dog type, driven by
suitable clutch gears
from an alternating
current electric motor
of 15 H. P. Onlythree
men are required
on the
tipple fi o o r — a
top man and a dump man for each of the
automatic cross-over dumps. The car hauls
or pullers are 28 feet long, and pull the
cars from the entrance of the tipple to the
crest or top, from which the cars are cut off
singly by the top man, and run by gravity into
automatic car stops or feeders of the Dempcy-
l-'ig. -!.
Deggner pattern. These stops or feeders have
a foot lever, by which the dump man can release
one car at a time, at the same time stopping the
next car automatically. The loaded cars bump
into the empties, sending them across (he dump.
to an incline, on which they return by gravity,
to be picked up and hauled to the mine.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The coal falls from the dumps into a chute.
thence into a clam-shell basket, suspended on
scales, which weighs the coal and lowers it into
a bin. The weigh baskets have an adjustable
drop, by which the weighman can open them at
any desired point, depending on the height of the
eoal in the bin.
From the bin a chute carries the coal to a re­
ciprocating feeder, operated by a 10 H. P. AC
motor, which is adjustable and feeds the coal into
a retarding conveyor, believed to be the first in­
stalled in Pennsylvania. This is driven by a
75 H. P. AC motor, and consists of flights 48 inches
A part of the min;* workings of Furnaee Ri m N'o 1 Mine
wide by 16 inches high, attached to roller chains.
and having a capacity of 500 tons per hour. It
travels at a speed of 100 feet per minute. The
coal slides in a steel-lined trough for a distance
of about 300 feet, to the screen house, over the
railroad tracks below. For a part of this distance
it is straight, on a pitch of 27 degrees, then curves
gradually to the level, and travels horizontally
on to the end of the screen house floor. A trap
door permits coal to be run on to a half-inch
screen, from which the screenings supply boiler
fuel for the plant. A simple but accurate system
of screens and conveyors enables the balance of
the coal to be properly sized for loading into cars,
or for storage, so that any desired size, from run-
of-mine to lump, may be handled to the proper
destination. A 100-ton bin for coaling locomo­
tives is among the storage places provided.
The yard, operated in connection with the screen
house, contains three loading or empty tracks and
a passing track, with yard room on the tracks
above the screen house for 60 railroad cars. A
60-foot platform railroad scale, for weighing the
cars, is placed below the screen house, and a yard
for loaded cars, having a capacity of 60 cars, is be­
low* the scale again. This is parallel to the main
the two main splits.
main line of the railroad,
and easy to serve.
Cross-overs and three
throw- switches are ar­
ranged to permit handling
the ears in the shortest
possible space.
Tlie drift openings in
the No. 1, or Kittanning
seam, mine have at the left
a 10-foot diameter, double-
inlet reversible steel fan.
whieli provides fresh air
tor mine No. 1. This fan
is driven by a 75-H. P. AC
motor, and is at present
running at half-speed.
When the mine reaches its
ultimate capaciiy, an additional
motor will be in­
stalled at the other end of
the fan shaft, to enable the
fan to supply 200,000 cubic-
feet of air per minute.
against a water gauge of
five inches. The drive is
by silent chain from the
motor.
The air drift is 16 feet
wide where it leaves the
fan. and is gradually nar­
rowed to the regular width
of nine feet after passing
The Freeport. or No. 2, mine is ventilated by
an eight-foot disc fan. driven by silent chain, from
a 40-H. P. motor. The picture on the following
page shows the location of this fan at the intersection
of two air drifts, which are at right angles
to each other, owing to the contour of the ravine
at that point. Wooden structures about 100 feet
in length connect the fan with these drifts. The
ultimate capacity of this fan is 95,000 feet against
a water gauge of 1% inches: mine telephones aie
placed along the tram road to the tipple, attached
at intervals to the poles. These telephones are

numbered, ancl their location noted on the mine
map. They connect with the mine office ancl
power house, so that in case of a break-down or
accident along the road, the position of the trip
can be reported immediately.
The power plant and surface buildings include
a machine shop 36 x 100 feet, a foundry 20 x 24
feet, and wood working shop IS x 60 feet. All
these buildings are of steel frame and Hy-Rib
construction, on concrete foundations. The powei
house contains two compartments, a boiler room
45 x 77 feet, and engine room 32 x 56 feet. Steam
power is supplied by two batteries of two 150
H. P., return tubular boilers, or 600 H. P. altogether.
There is room for an additional battery.
to be installed when required.
Steam is generated at 125 pounds gauge pressure,
the fuel being slack coal, delivered by the
flight conveyor described above, in front of the
boilers on the boiler room floor. Hand firing
will be replaced later by under-feed stokers, for
which arrangements
have been made for
installation when additional
boilers are
needed.
It is planned to install
a scraper conveyor
to remove fhe
ashes from the ashpit
beneath the boilers.
The pump rocm
and condenser room
are underneath the
boiler and engine
room floors, respectively,
the feed
pumps, water supply
pumps for the railroad tanks and feed-water heaters,
and a modern condensing outfit, including a
new condenser, to care for an additional turboalternator.
Three-phase alternating current at 2,400 volts,
60 cycles, is furnished by a 500 K. W. turbo-alternator,
and direct current for the mine locomotives
is furnished by a 200 K. W. synchronous motor
generator set. An additional 500 K. W. turboalternator
is now being installed.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
engine room to a point above the tipple in two
separate circuits, one circuit connected to the fan
motor, running at Mine No. 1 drift, and the other
main circuit extending through to a sub-station
at the No. 2 mine. This circuit furnishes current
for the tipple motor at 220 volts AC; the
fan at No. 2 mine, and a sub-station about 16 feet
square, at No. 2 mine, containing a 200 K. W.
generator set, the necessary switchboard, etc., for
converting the current to D. C. at 275 volts, for
use on the mining machines and locomotives. The
transmission line is carried on poles 30 feet above
the ground, the poles being of a very substantial
character. A No. 6 copper static wire is carried
on top of the poles ancl grounded at intervals to
act as a lightning arrester, in addition to the
regular arresters.
The motor generator set in the sub-station at
No. 2 mine is connected in parallel with a set in
the main power plant through the trolley wires.
These two units furnish power for both mines so
Entrance to drifts at Xo. 'J mine: Fan in center.
that each helps the other to supply the varying
demand for power in either mine or on the trolley
line, as current is needed. Grooved wire is used
for all entries and haulage ways, and the rails are
bonded with 00 flexible compression bonds, and
cross-bonded every 200 feet.
The machine shop, foundry and wood-working
shop are very completely equipped for a plant ol
this character, and enable all ordinary and many
unusual repairs, including the winding of arma­
A Sullivan Class "W.l" 248-foot air compressor. tures, to be clone at the mine. Space will not per­
size 12 x T*:2 x 10 inches, is also being installed, mit a more extended description of this part of
to be driven by a belt from a 50 H. P. AC motor the equipment.
of 2,200 volts. This compressor will furnish air Water is pumped from the Allegheny river by
for the many purposes for which air is required condenser turbine pumps through the condensers,
in the engine room, machine shop, wood shop and and is discharged into the hot well. From that
foundry, and will also be piped up the hill to the point it is pumped by direct lift pumps to the rail­
tipple and motor barn, for use on air brakes on road water tank, from which it runs by gravity
the weigh baskets, and for cleaning motors, etc. to the feed water heaters and boiler feed pumps.
The alternating current is transmitted from the These are equipped with special governors, which

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
shut off the pumps automatically when the tank
is full.
To secure this water supply, a cribbing was constructed
of one-inch oak board, S x 8 x 22 feet,
sunk into the bottom of the river, with the top of
the crib three feet below the river lied, and cov­
ered completely with clean stone and gravel, which
act as a filter. A 14-inch cast iron pipe line, with
six-inch auxiliary lines, is laid into this crib from
the power house. The six-inch line is attached
to a separate pump and acts as a reserve.
The company has built two settlements or mining
towns to house its employes. That for No. 1
mine is about one-half mile from the tipple, ancl
consists of about 70 houses. At No. 2 mine there
are 50 houses. Each has its own water system,
consisting of deep wells, with electrically-operated
deep-well pumps, and a 20,000-gallon wood tank,
with four-inch and three-inch cast iron water
main, fire plugs and hydrants, for distribution.
There are several styles of houses, namely, sevenroom
single, five-room single, and 10-room double
houses. All are wood, with asbestos roofs. They
are painted different colors, as well as being of
different patterns, so as to avoid monotony.
All plans for the various operations of the Allegheny
River Mining Co. were made by the com­
pany's engineers in their office at Kittanning ancl
carried out by the various heads of departments,
to each of which credit is due. The officers of
the Allegheny River Mining Co. are as follows:
Dwight C. Morgan, president, of Kittanning;
H. S. Hastings, treasurer, St. Mary's; Fred Nor­
man, chief engineer, Kittanning. Directors:
Dwight C. Morgan. Kittanning; Fred Norman. Kit­
tanning; C. L. Mclntyre, Kittanning; John S. Por­
ter, Kittanning; H. S. Hastings, St. Mary's, ancl
Edwin E. Tate, Bradford, Pennsylvania.
The various departments and their forces for
operation of the different mines are as follows:
Main Office: Kittanning, Pa. Dwight C. Morgan,
president; F. A. Schmidt, secretary; J. T.
Armstrong, purchasing agent, ancl Charles Prior,
chief clerk.
Engineering Department: Fred Norman, chief
engineer; Charles P. Bailey, assistant; John R.
Herbert, chief draftsman: Frank King and William
Atkins, draftsmen. The division engineers are
J. S. Emery, in charge of all mines east of the
Allegheny river. J. I. Downs having charge of all
mines west of the Allegheny river. The superin­
tendent and chief clerks at mines are as follows:
Hunts Run and Conifer: Arnold Hirst, super­
intendent, and B. L. Sterling, chief cleric: mine
foreman, John Woodall, Hunts Run; and Samuel
Woodall, at Conifer.
Seminole Mine- Arthur White, superintendent;
E. F. Oswald, chief clerk: mine foreman, R. C.
Morris.
Chickasaw: Thomas Hall, superintendent; C.
R. Fair, chief clerk; David Jones, mine foreman.
Furnace Run: 0. L. Mellinger. superintendent;
chief clerk, G. E. Doverspike; mine foremen, Dan­
iel Hawkins at No. 1 and W. H. Shearer at No. 2
mine.
David Whomond, superintendent of shops; Harry
Molz, chief electrician. All of above mines are
electrically equipped.
The Allegheny River Mining Co. has additional
developments in contemplation at Limestone, Nich­
olson Run, Glade Run, and Knapps Run, on the
Allegheny river.
The writer is indebted to Mr. Fred Norman,
chief engineer, for the information used in this
article and to Mr. Herbert for the photographs,
most of which he took especially for this article.
Mr. Herriek does all the company's photographing
work, including the developing and printing.
SLEMP INTERESTS ARE CONSOLI­
DATED INTO ONE CORPORATION.
At a. recent meeting in Paintsville, Ky., the Ken­
tucky River Consolidated Coal Co., the Haly Coal
Co., the Letcher Coal & Coke Co., the Henry Coal
& Coke Co., and the Slemp Coal Co. were merged
into the Slemp Consolidated Coal Co., with a capi­
tal of $2,500,000, and 100,000 acres of the richest
coal land in Kentucky is now owned by this com­
pany. The principal operations will be in Letcher,
Perry, Leslie, Knott and Breathitt counties.
Hon. C. B. Slemp, of Big Stone Gap, Va.. has been
named president; Colonel John C. C. Mayo, ot
Paintsville, vice president; George F. Copland, of
Lexington, secretary; John E. Buckingham, of
Paintsville. treasurer. The diieetors are: C. B.
Slemp, John C. C. Mayo, D. A. Langhorne, R. W.
Reed, T. J. Davis, Fred Faulkerson, J. R. Down­
ing, John E. Buckingham and J. N. Camden.
Tlie U. S. Supreme Court on Feb. 24, handed
down a decision that the Pennsylvania "mine
safety" law, requiring coal companies to leave
pillars of coal to prevent caveins, is constitutional
in the case attacking the validity of the new law
brought by the Plymouth Coal Co. of Luzerne
county. The law provides that owners of adjoin­
ing coal mines must so mine their coal as to leave
coal "pillars" along adjoining property as sup­
ports for the roof, to protect miners in case of
explosions or floods. The law gives the state
mine inspector authority to prescribe the size and
strength of the pillars.
The blizzard of Feb. 23, wrecked seven barges
of coal belonging to the Monongahela River Con­
solidated Coal & Coke Co., near Point Pleasant,
W. Va., entailing a loss of about $12,000.

INTERSTATE WAGE CONFERENCE DISAGREES.
(Continued from page 24)
"Philadelphia, Feb. 18. 1914.
"Owing to the misleading press reports which
have gone out from here since the conference of
operators and miners began, we are sending to
the members of our association this report.
"President White at the first session brought
up the resolution adopted at the miners' convention
in Indianapolis to the effect that if no agreement
is reached here, there would be no suspension
after April 1, and endeavored to have the
operators concur. The operators insisted upon
having him make his proposition clear, contending
that he was purposely using the term suspension'
as differentiated fiom the term strike,'
in order to mislead the consumers of coal into the
belief that there is no
NEED OF STOCKING
any coal for use after April 1; then a strike would
be called ancl tbe demand for fuel would be so
great that the public would insist that the operators
make a settlement of some kind. The operators
submitted a counter-proposition prepared by
Mr. Maurer in the form of a substitute resolution
for White, that in case of no agreement by April
1. then all questions in dispute should be submitted
to arbitration. This was discussed at
each session for several days, and finally, on Monday
of this week, when pressed to a vote, the miners
voted this down, whereupon Phil Penna offered
a resolution that in case an agreement on the
basic scale and conditions be reached on or before
April 1, then there shall be no cessation of work
in the several states and districts pending local
settlements. This was adopted.
"It will be observed that this does not prevent
the miners from striking on April 1 if no joint
basic agreement is reached. President White at
the opening session declared that in case of no
settlement here, a strike of the old-fashioned kind
would occur; but he continued to befog the issue
for several days thereafter by talking all around
the question. Then the demands of the niiners
and of the operators were brought up, and each
side voted down the other side's demands. Then
a discussion on the miners' demands started, the
first one being 'mine-run.'
"Senator-Secretary-Treasurer Green was present
at this session. Mr. Maurer opened the discussion
in an hour's speech, giving the history of
MINE-RUN LEGISLATION
from the beginning to date, including in his remarks,
and having read into the permanent record
Secretary Green's address to the Ohio miners in
convention.
"The present Ohio mine-run law was denounced
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
by Mr. Maurer as the work of designing politicians
carried through for their own personal political
advantage. Senator-Secretary Green listened
to his castigation, and finally, in great embarrassment,
made an attempt in a long speech to
explain. He admitted having made the statements
charged, but undertook to excuse them upon
the ground that he was greatly distressed in mind
at the time by the fear that through the operators'
efforts to convey to the legislature that the miners
were forsaking the mine-run principle; that the
thing which for so many years had been so dear
MR. E. A. COLE.
Scale Committeeman for Ohio Operators.
to his heart would through the lack of support be
killed in the house. The demands were then.
according to the custom, referred to a sub-scale
committee, who have for two days discussed almost
nothing but the general proposition of minerun
without much of any headway being made.
Ohio's sub-committee consists of C. E. Maurer,
E. A. Cole; alternates, W. R. Woodford, G. C. Weitzell.
"Secretary Green was obliged to leave Saturday
night for Columbus, to attend to his important
senatorial duties, and has returned this morning.
It is the opinion of many on both sides that an
adjournment of some kind will be had by Friday

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of this week without anything accomplished.
"The operators of the four states have up to the
present been working
IN APPARENT HARMONY.
"The above information is respectfully submit
ted to all the members of the Pittsburgh Vein
Operators' Association."
The following statement was issued on Feb. 25
by Secretary William G'*een for President John P.
White of the niiners:
"The atmosphere has been cleared until now
the matters of difference have been narrowed down
to two or three.
"The operators and miners owe it to themselves,
as well as to the public at large, to reach an agreement
here. It would be a moral 'rime to involve
the bituminous coal industry in either a suspension
or a strike. Improvement of industrial and
business conditions is being brought about gradually
and in this effort those representing both
the operators and the miners should lend their
co-operation ancl support.
"I am of the opinion that a continued, patient.
honest and painstaking effort on the part of both
sides will result ultimately in an agreement)
There is no cause for alarm. Both sides entertain
toward each other a pacific attitude.
"I do not believe there will be a stiike in the
bituminous coal fields. The miners' representatives
are earnestly endeavoiing to work out a
settlement and to preserve peace."
The statement went on to say that no political
ambitions were influencing the attitude of the
miners' officials.
The next evening. Feb. 26, after final adjournment
the following statement was issued tor the
miners' Internationa] union by President White:
"The joint conference of coal operators and miners
representing Ohio, Western Pennsylvania. Indiana
ancl Illinois was unable to agree upon the
matters of difference between them. There appeared
'o be several questions upon whieli they
could not agree at this time. Failure to agree.
however, does not necessarily mean a strike in the
bitumious coal mining industry. The breaking
up of negotiations is a matter of concern, but tinsituation
is
XOT HEX SERIOUS.
"The present contract does not expire until
March 31. consequently there still remains an
entire month during which a settlement may be
brought about between the operators and miners
directly, or a policy adopted by the international
organization of tbe United Mine Workers of America,
which in itself would result in industrial
peace. We have been in session foi more than
(wo weeks and during all that time a friendly
feeling has prevailed; even when we adjourned
without date. There was no bitterness or feeling
manifested on either side.
"The policy of the United Mine Workers of
America is to work out an agreement to take the
place of the piesent one, which expires on .March.
31. 1914. without a strike or without interruption
in the niining industry. It is our purpose to
work to that end and so shape our policy as to
bring about this result."
After adjournment XV. L. Schmick, president of
the Illinois operators and chairman of the joint
i onference, issued the following statement for the
operators:
"The representatives of the coal operators of
Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana ancl Illinois.
met in joint conference with the miners' representatives
from these respective states and were
confronted with the following demands of the
miners.
"1st. A universal mine-run basis.
" -2nd. A flat five-cent per ton advance and a
10 per cent increase in day labor, these two items
alone amounting to about $14,000,000 advance per
year.
"'old. A complete checkoff notwithstanding
tlie grave question in regard to the legality of the
check-off. and numerous other demands.
"In turn
THE OPERATORS DEMANDED:
" '1st. That tbe rights of employers ancl owners
of property be recognized.
" '2nd. That the machine differential in Illinois
ancl Indiana be adjusted.
" '3rd. That no check-off be made.
"•4th. The es ( ablishment of a couit of last resort
to arbitrate all disputes.
" '5th. A proper financial penalty for violation
of contract by either party.
" '6th. The right to employ sufficient supervising
officers for the protection of life and property,
with other minor demands."
"After nearly three weeks argument and conference
the operators offered to renew the present
wage agreement which carries with it the highest
wages paid in tbe coal mining industry in the
world. This offer was made notwithstanding present
business conditions.
"This proposition was refused by the miners
who prior to the settlement of any other question
insisted upon the settlement of clause seventh of
the miners' demands, which reads as follows:
'We demand that all local inequalities and internal
differences be referred to the various states
affected for settlement.' This demand the opeiators
refused, as the granting of such a demand
would have meant an incomplete contract. The
conference thereupon adjourned sine die."

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
SAFEGUARDING THE USE OF ELECTRICITY IN MINES'
By H. H Clark, Electrical Engineer of the United States Bureau of Mines
This subject has been discussed so often (hat
one can scarcely write or speak about it without
fearing that he will be accused of plagiarism.
However, in order properly to introduce the subject,
I have no recourse but to rehearse a statement
of conditions and results that I am sure
many of you could repeat in chorus were you
so inclined.
Electricity must be safeguarded everywhere
that it is used. The conditions that exist underground
make the use of safeguards more essential
there than almost anywhere else.
Electric shock is the greatest danger in connection
with the use of electricity in mines, because
conditions existing underground are so
favorable to its occurence. Men are often obliged
to work in more or less uncertain light near
bare wires that are carrying dangerous potentials.
The fact that the men are standing on the earth
practically connects them to one terminal of the
electric generator.
The most dangerous pieces of electrical equipment
underground is the trolley wire. It is
necessarily bare and extends for long distances
throughout a mine, often less than a man's
height from the track rail. Sometimes the making
up of triiis of cars must be done near low
hanging trolley wires. All bare wires offer the
same danger that trolley wires do, although not
to the same extent.
Apparatus that has accidentally come in contact
with the underground side of an electric
circuit is almost as dangerous as the trolley
wire. A severe and even fatal shock may be
obtained by coming in contact with the frame
of a motor or a switch box that has become
charged with electricity or "alive" as it is usually
termed. It is also
1CISSI1ILE TO OBTAIN SHOCKS
from the frames of locomotives and cars if track
sanding, poor bonding or similar causes has put
a high resistance to earth in the path of the
current.
The danger from fires caused by electricity arises
principally from defective installation and careless
upkeep or from injuries to equipment resulting
from falls of roof or similar causes. Fires
may be started by unrelieved short circuits, or
grounds, by the blowing of open fuses, and by
the overheating of resistance. Incandescent lamps
can produce heat enough to ignite combustible
materials if the dissipation of the heat from the
bulbs of the lamps is allowed to become restricted.
"Address delivered before the American Institute of Mining
Engineere. in New York. Feb. 17-20. 1914.
The fire danger is more remote than the shock
danger, but it may affect a larger number of men.
Explosions may be caused by the ignition of
explosives, gas, or coal dust. Accidents due to
the ignition of explosives by electricity are of
two kinds: Those that occur while handling and
transporting explosives near electric circuits, and
those that are incident to the detonation of explosives
by electrical means.
Some very mysterious accidents of the first
kind have occurred, but 1 believe that most of
these have been caused by hauling explosives in
metallic- packages, or else so near the locomotive
that flashes or sparks from the trolley wire
have come in contact with the explosives.
Electrical shot-firing accidents are usually
caused by the premature ignition of shots after
holes are charged. It is not the best practice to
shoot electrically under conditions that require
one side of the detonating circuit to be connected
to the earth, because wherever grounded systems
of power distribution are used unexpected differences
of potential exist in the earth in tinvicinity
of such circuits. If, therefore, one side
of the detonator be purposely grounded
AN ACCIDENTAL GROUND
on the otlier side may connect the detonator
across a potential sufficient to cause ignition.
Premature ignitions have been reported which
seemingly have been caused by the conditions
just described.
For all practical purposes it may be assumed
that sparks that occur around such apparatus and
circuits as are used for power and light in a
mine are capable of igniting gas. The ignition
of gas by incandescent lamps has been investigated
by the Bureau of Mines quite thoroughly
with carbon filament lamps and to a lesser extent
with tungsten filament lamps. The results
of the investigation seem to indicate that certain
of the larger sizes of carbon filaments will ignite
gas and that tungsten lamps of 25 watts or more
are almost certain to ignite gas when broken.
The study of the ignition of coal dust by electric
arcs and electric flashes has been carried on
to some extent by investigators in Europe. The
results of their experiments indicate that electricflashes
can ignite coal dust suspended in the atmosphere.
The Bureau of Mines has planned
similar investigations to proceed as soon as funds
are available.
Everyone connected with mining work knows
that the natural conditions surrounding underground
installations of any character are such
that accidents are likely to occur and this is
;

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
especially true of electrical installations. It is
not necessary to rehearse all of these conditions,
as everyone here is familiar with them.
The knowledge of the existence of danger requires
that steps be taken to prevent accidents.
It is certain that haphazard methods will not
solve the safety problem any more than they will
SOLVE THE HAULAGE PROISLEM
or the ventilation problem. Measures to be effective
must be well considered.
Unfortunately the safety problem can not be
solved on just the same basis as the ventilation
problem, for instance. Safety can not be calculated
mathematically by the use of constants obtained
from experience. Definite data as to what
will produce safety under the complex conditions
involved are not available. It has seemed to me
that a good way to begin is to outline methods
that, so far as we can see, will surely produce
safety and then to determine how these methods
can be put into practical operation. For the sake
of discussion, therefore, I will make the following
five suggestions for reducing the number of
accidents due to the use of electricity in mines:
Suggestions.
1. Remove contributory causes.
2. Remove from the vicinity of electrical apparatus
all elements susceptible to its influence
( gas, dust, explosives, combustible material 1.
3. Keep the electric current where it belongs.
4. If, under certain circumstances, the current
can not be entirely confined, at least limit
the area of its activity by the use of protective
devices.
5. Insure a high factor of safety by:
(al Selecting materials and apparatus with
care.
(b) Installing equipment in a strictly firstclass
manner.
(c) Inspecting equipment frequently and
thoroughly.
(d) Maintaining it in good condition at all
times.
Suppose that it is agreed that these measures
(or any others) will solve the problem, the next
question is how to put those into effect. To
GET THE BEST RESULTS
the co-operation of all concerned must be secured.
There may be, no doubt there will be, many ways
of getting the desired result. Each one has his
own experiences and his own views based thereon,
but disorganized forces acting along different
lines will not produce the results of concerted
action along lines that, in the light of combined
experience, may be agreed upon by the majority
of those interested. The greatest benefit can be
derived if, from the great mass of experience of
the many who are interested in safeguarding
electricity in mines, a definite plan of common
action can be evolved and a code of rules laid
clown, which in the opinion of all will bring about
the safe conditions that all desire. If such a code
were put into effect generally, its weak points
could be strengthened from time to time by the
common experience of many engineers and operators,
who would be trying out the same requirements
under various conditions.
My experience and that of others reported to
me leads me to believe that a code of rules would
be welcomed by the underground electrical men
who are to put them in force. Those men, as a
whole, desire to do things in the proper way
and would be glad to have the proper way pointed
out to them. They enjoy arbitrary criticism
as little as anyone, but I believe that most of
them would appreciate constructive criticism and
would co-operate in carrying out suggestions
made by people in whom they have confidence.
If such a movement could be started its difficulties
would grow less as time went on, because
the power of tradition is nearly as strong for
good as it is for evil. The average electrical
worker on the surface knowns how to install
electrical apparatus, because he has been educated
and guided by the underwriters' rules which
have established a tradition for good work which
can not lightly be set aside.
I wish to emphasize that the solution of this
problem rests largely with the underground electrical
worker. If
GOOD MEN ARE SELECTED
for this position and are properly instructed and
encouraged to look out for the safety side of the
electrical work, the problem is practically solved.
I believe that we shall see the day when electricity,
so far from being considered a menace to
those who work in mines, will be regarded as a
means of safeguarding life and property and reducing
the accidents that heretofore have occurred.
Already there are certain electrical devices
whose adoption and general use will make
for safety. Among these are the telephone, the
electrical shot-firing device, the storage battery
locomotive, and portable electric mine lamps. If
the storage battery locomotive can be developed
so that it can successfully displace the trolley
wire locomotive, the greatest single cause of electrical
accidents, the trolley wire, can be withdrawn
from service at least to a large extent.
The Engineers of the Bureau of Mines ancl
other engineers believe that the use of portable
electric lamps will do much toward reducing the
number of accidents in mines, and with this in
mind we are making every effort to assist in the
development and urge the adoption of these lamps.
Based upon the undoubtedly true premise that
the battery is the part of a portable lamp equ' iment
most difficult to develop, there has been a

tendency to lose sight of certain other necessary
features of portable electric lamps. The first
consideration in the design of these lamps is to
have them safe so that they will not ignite gas
and so that they will not become extinguished
and leave a man in the dark, but while these
points are indispensable it is equally important
that the lamps shall be designed so that they
will be acceptable to the men who are to carry
them.
Portable electric lamps must be a compromise
between several more or less opposed requirements.
The fundamental considerations of
LAMP CAPAClTY
are the maximum allowable weight of battery,
the minimum allowable life of lamp bulbs. These
factors are all interdependent and must be properly
proportioned in order to produce an acceptable
net result. Other factors must also be kept
in mind. Bitter experience with gas explosions
led the early English miners to abandon the
comparatively brilliant light of the torch for the
feeble phosphorescence of fish scales and Ihe scarcely
less feeble scintillations of the steel mill. While
our modern, ventilated coal mines are probablymuch
less gassy than the unventilated mines of
the 13th century, nevertheless safety is just as
essential now as it was then, and it has proven
that miniature electric lamps can ignite gas if
broken under certain conditions obtainable in
practice. Therefore, portable electric lamps should
be provided with proper safeguards.
Acting upon the principle that the greatest
progress can be made by common efforts to the
same end the Bureau has attempted to further
the cause of the portable electric lamp by acting
as a sort of "go-between" for the miners and the
manufacturers in the work of preparing specifications
that will represent the kind of lamp that
will give the service required by the miners. I
wish here to acknowledge the great assistance
that the manufacturers have given to the Bureau,
and to state that they have at all times manifested
that spirit of co-operation without which progress
is impossible.
The Bureau would also like the co-operation of
this Institute in the matter of examining and
criticizing these specifications which will be sent
to any member interested.
The New Pittsburgh Coal Co., of Columbus, will
carry its own insurance under the Ohio compensation
law.
Contracts for supplying about 750.000 tons of
coal for the Italian state railways during 1914
have gone to Cardiff, Wales, and the price is to be
$3.89 to $4.01 per long ton f. o. b. Cardiff. The
coal is to be best Monmouthshire.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
Coal miners and operators of Ohio have joined
in a request to Gov. Cox for legislative action for
the naming of a commission to investigate rate
making methods in the state, and particularly to
investigate the alleged discrimination on the part
of the railroads against Ohio operators in favor
of Pennsylvania and West Virginia operators.
The U. S. Circuit Court, of Appeals at Cincinnati
has affirmed the decision of the U. S. District
court at Toledo in fining the Hocking Valley railway
$42,000 for giving special concessions to the
Sunday Creek Co. in violation of the Elkins law.
The court also affirmed the decision assessing a
fine of $20,000 on the Sunday Creek Co.
J. Blair Kennedy, of Philadelphia, operating a
number of coal properties in Cambria county, Pa.,
was adjudged a voluntary bankrupt in the U. S.
District court at Philadelphia, Feb. 24. The liabilities
are placed at $603,032, and the assets at
$6,895. Edwin F. Hoffman has been named as
receiver for the bankrupt.
The National Trans-Continental Railway Co. of
Canada has just awarded a contract to Roberts &
Schaefer Co., of Chicago, for the building of six
large reinforced concrete locomotive coaling plants,
using the Holmen type coal bucket. The contract
price is approximately- $115,000.
The Noble-Williams Coal Co., Scranton, Pa., has
been placed in the hands of a receiver and W. G.
O'Malley, of Scranton, has been named receiver.
The action is an amicable one to conserve the
property of the company.
The fire in the mine of the Buck Ridge Coal Co.,
Shamokin, Pa., has been gotten under control by
drowning it out. The water will be left in the
mine for some little time to insure the complete
drowning out of the fire.
The new by-product coke plant of the Republic-
Iron & Steel Co. at Lansingville, O.. will be completed
and in operation by April 1, according to a
statement by President John A. Topping*.
The Producers Coke Co. is reported to have sold
to a Buffalo, N. Y., firm 90,000 tons of Connellsville
coke to be delivered 9,000 tons per month,
at a price of $2.10 ovens.
The Maynard Coal Co., Columbus, O., has announced
the abandonment of its No. 38 mine at
Cannellville, O.
The Harris Coal Co., Providence. Ky., has filed
a voluntary petition in bankruptcy.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION PROMISES
FREIGHT RATE DECISION BY JULY 1ST.
(Continued from page 26)
commodities in which they deal or are otherwise
interested."
At the hearings held so far, testimony was taken
regal ding free services and special allowances to
large shippers. A bearing will be held in Washington
Feb. 27 and 28 to consider further the
charges for "spotting'' cars on side tracks and for
similar services, and on March 16 and 17 those
subjects will be argued Records of the commission
show that there are 25,000 shippers' side
tracks and spur tracks in the territory east of the
Mississippi I iver.
On March 4 and 5 the question of a charge for
placing cars for loading on spur tracks leading to
eoal mines and coke ovens will be considered.
That will include consideration of the cancellation
by carriers of allowances to industrial roads, to
coal companies and to mine operators.
March 6 ancl 7 have been reserved lor the hearing
of the protests against the proposed increase
in coal rates, ancl March 9, 10 and 11 have been
set aside for the hearing of general objections to
the proposed general increase in rates and particularly
for hearing representatives oi' the state railroad
commission.
That part of the case that pei tains to the proposed
increase in lake ancl ra'l rates will be heard
at Washington on March 12, 13 and 14.
The committee announced that it had received
many resolutions from organizations of shippeis
and commercial bodies advocating the pioposed
advance. In a circular letter to tbe organizations
the commission points out that it now- is engaged
in a comprehensive investigation of special services
performed by the railroads for the shippers
as bearing upon the general question of an advance.
Recipients of the letter are requested to reply
to certain inquiries relating to these special services
and to have the replies in the hands of the
commission not later than March 2.
lYOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
C A N get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
[The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
\ Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
r Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH. PA.
Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
The annual convention of the I'nited Mine Workers
of Illinois or District No. 12, opened Feb. 25.
and among the things done was the reading of the
officers' reports. Duncan MacDonald, secretarytreasurer,
made a vicious attack on the Workmen's
compensation law during the course of his report.
The wage demands outlined are a six-hour work
day, five days per week, and pay days on Fridays.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. Feb. 26. was granted a
deficiency decree for .$2,787,8:17.50 in the circuit
court at Springfield, III, against the Illinois Collieries
Co. Judge Creighton granted the order on
the evidence that the Pittsburgh company owned
that amount of the bonds of the bankrupt collieries
company as against $195,175 held by all other
bond holders.
Capt. Joseph Williams, aged 80, of California.
died at his home Feb. 19, of the infirmities of old
age. He was one of the pioneer coal operators
of the Pittsburgh district and was at one time
manager of the Silver Lake Coal Co. He is survived
by a brother, a sister and a niece, with whom
be made his home.
The Monongahela Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.
is building a new office building at Monongahela,
Pa., where all the business of its mines in the
Third pool of the Monongahela river will be transacted,
and another at Fayette City, where tbe
mines of the Fourth pool will have their headquarters.
Wanted—Situation.
Man (age thirty) fifteen years in general offices
of large Bituminous coal corporation, at present
assistant head bookkeeper, general knowledge of
accounting; would like to make a change.
Address P. L., care "THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
coal land in fee. Seven hundred and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Situated
on the Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & O. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily produce
fifty (50,000) thousand tons per month. Price.
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dollars.
($150,000 cash, and balance to suit @ 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. b'i
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708-2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINE CARS
42 inch gauge; 3000 to 4000 pounds capacity
Good Condition. Low Price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT COMPANY,
3145 Penn Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
For Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-15
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUK, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
FOR SALE
Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
& D. also the Kittannings C. & B.
The E. & C. are being operated and open for
inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quarters
of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last loDg. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position. Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
General Map of tlie Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909—IO.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

NEW PUBLICATIONS BUREAU OF MINES.
List 26.—February, 1914.
BULLETINS.
Bulletin 58. Fuel-briquetting investigations,
July, 1904, to July, 1912, by C. L. Wright. 1913.
277 pp., 21 pis., 3 figs.
Bulletin 60. Hydraulic mine filling; its use in
the Pennsylvania anthracite fields; a preliminary
report, by Charles Enzian. 1913. 78 pp., 9 pis.,
11 figs
TECHNICAL PAPERS.
Technical Paper 39. The inflammable gases in
mine air, by G. A. Burrell and F. M. Seibert. 1913.
24 pp., 2 figs.
Technical Paper 58. The a'tion of acid mine
water on the insulation of electical conductors;
a preliminary report, by H. H. Clark ancl L. C.
Ilsley. 1913. 26 pp., 1 fig.
Technical Paper 61. Metal-mine accidents in
tlie United States during the calendar year 1912,
compiled by A. H. Fay. 1913. 78 pp., 1 fig.
Technical Paper 66. Mud-laden fluid applied to
well drilling, by J. M. Pollard ancl A. G. Heggem.
1914. 78 pp., 12 figs.
The Bureau of Mines has copies of these publi­
cations for free distribution, but cannot give more
than one copy of the same bulletin to one person.
Requests for all papers cannot be granted without
satisfactory reason. In asking for publications,
please order them by number and title. Applica­
tions should be addressed to tlie Director of the
Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.
The Greenwich Coal & Coke Co., Latrobe, Pa..
has filed notice of an increase of its indebtedness
from nothing to $850,000, with the secretary of
internal affairs at Harrisburg, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
NEW MEXICO COAL PRODUCTION IN 1913.*
St. Louis, Rocky Mountain &
Pacific Co
Victor American Fuel Co
Diamond Coal Co
Carthage Fuel Co
New Mexico & Colorado Coal &
Mining Co
Estate of L. Lewishon
Gallup-Southwestern Coal Co..
Albuquerque & Carrillos Coal Co.
Coal companies producing less
than 5,000 tons each
Companies not producing In 1913
Total bituminous
Estate of L. Lewishon (anthra­
cite)
1913.
1,412,694
506,839
157,737
45,601
32,510
23,122
21,065
9,777
8,000
5,610
15,200
3,604,229
29,988
3,634,217
1912.
396,248
464,686
196,923
39,121
12,655
8,450
1,740
1.6U0
324
1.121.747
1.121.747
•Compiled from statistics fumis hed by Iters II. Beddow,
Plate yiine Inspector.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN SHIPMENTS.
The following is the coal and coke tonnage of the
Norfolk & Western railway for the month of Janu­
ary. 1914:
Districts. Total Coal. Coke.
Pocahontas 9S8.S63 76,762
Tug River 231,842
Thacker 261,148
Kenova 81,480
Totals 1,563,333 76,762
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOlAy
TT
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C O ^ 3A A V
PENNSYLVANIA.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WESTMORELAND COAL CO.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE,
224 South Third Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
COLLIERY OWNERS. MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
THE STANDARD
WESTMORELAND COAL
MINES LOCATED IN WESTMORELAND COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA.
This Coal Is unexcelled for gas-making, both In illuminating and for producer work.
For brick and terra cotta manufacture, locomotive use, steam threshers, high-pressure
steaming, and in all places where a strong and pure fuel is required, it has no equal.
JAMES G. GEEGAN, GENERAL MANAOER F. J. MULLHOLAND, SALEI MANAOER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL -PHONE, 2517 COURT P _, A 'PHONE, M 151
| J. H. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
MINER! AND SHIPPERS
| HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
^ ANALYSIS •
Moisture - - - - - 1.53 BEST FOR STEAM AND
i Volatile Matter . . . - 35.95 ,-.„._. "~~
I Fixed Carbon - - - - 56.34 DOMESTIC U S E S
t Ash 6.17
Sulphur 1.79
[ B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3 ° fficeS : ' 3 ' *> *?«** Building, PITTSBURGH.
}
) Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, _ „ _. _
T /-..- _r J n_. . r.u Bel1 Ph °nes, Grant 1822—1823—1824
t Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.

T s &f>e
RADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, MARCH 16, 1914 No. 8
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1914, by THE COAL TBADH COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STBAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TUADE BULLETIN,
926-930 TARIC BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
1 Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
BETTEIS DEMAND is APPARENT in the coal trade at
this time, although the increase is not as large
as the producers would like to see. The increased
demand apparently is due to the increase in the
working time of the larger industries, particularly
iron and steel, but does not indicate a large stock­
ing up by these interests, more of a hand-to-mouth
buying being noticeable. Producers, of course,
would like to see this changed into a more active
demand, but not at the expense of prices, which
just now are firmer than they have been for some
weeks, and the result is that no coal is to be had
save at full list prices, and with whispers of bet­
terments in some of the grades of fuel. Some sea­
sonable weather during* the fortnight helped mat­
ters considerably, and general conditions aided in
putting more backbone in the market.
Of course the labor situation has had some effect
on the trade. To shut eyes to this fact would be
folly, but. on the other hand, to say that it is one
of the dominant factors likewise would be equally
foolish. There has been some stocking up by con­
sumers on account of the approach of April 1,
but not to the extent that prevailed in other years
when wage scale matters were in course of con­
sideration.
In the Pittsburgh district production has taken
a slight jump and there is more coal going for­
ward, but still there is room for improvement in
the working time and the number of mines run­
ning. The iron and steel industries of the district
are a little more active and this means that the
fuel needs of the furnaces and mills are heavier,
and naturally this reflects in a betterment of ton­
nage in the district. Some coal is going into
stock, but not in abnormal quantities. One of the
encouraging signs at this time is the report of
premiums for coal of all grades in the spot market,
premiums being demanded by producers and being
paid by consumers whose needs must be met.
These conditions prevailing, list prices on coal for
contract are not questioned by buyers, and they
are held firm at $1.30 to $1.40 for run-of-mine coal;
$1.40 to $1.50 for three-quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60
for inch and one-quarter coal, and slack at 90
cents. All the grades of coal save the inch and
one-quarter are decidedly active.
Coke makers are increasing their tonnage
weekly these days, and are having no difficulty in
disposing of their tonnage at prices that are at
least partially satisfactory. The increased activity
in the iron and steel industries has reflected more
quickly on the coke trade than any other branch
of the industry, and in consequence there is more
activity among the manufacturers than has been
the case for some little time. Furnaces are being
blown in in many parts of the country, and, as
they had no stocks on hand, there has been a bet­
ter demand for fuel than has been the case at any
time since the opening of the year. This being
the case, manufacturers have no difficulty in se­
curing list prices, which are: $2.50 to $2.75 for
furnaee coke and $3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke.
The reports of the shipments of anthracite for
the month of February indicate that there has
been a recession in that branch of the industry,
and that there has been a let-up in demand during
that month. Indications are, however, that the
present month is likely to see better things in the
trade, and that the tonnage will be increased ma­
terially over that of the preceding month. Labor
troubles that have harassed the anthracite fields
for many months in the shape of petty stoppages

20 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of work, seem less frequent just now and this is
one of the encouraging signs in this branch of the
business. Prices are still held at winter figures.
* * .
MID-MAKCH SEES THE WAGE SCALE question still in
abeyance, with the joint conference called to meet
within a day or two in Chicago. Naturally the
eyes of the entire trade are turned toward the
Windy City, for it is probable that there will be
worked out whatever result may come from the
deliberations of the employers and employes in
joint conference. It would be difficult to outline
just what course the negotiations are likely to
take when the conference meets again, as neither
operators or miners have indicated what they will
do in the matter beyond what was brought out at
the first session of the conference held in Phila­
delphia. Both sides have been quietly at work
on the matter, and it will be but a few days, at
the most, until some idea of the outcome may be
had.
STRONGER FINANCIAL CONDITION is shown by the
annual report of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., which
appears on another page. An analysis of the
report indicates that the year just past has been
a good one for the stockholders, and that the
company is in a better position for this year than
has been the case for some years. All of which is
good news to the stockholders and the friends of
the corporation.
* * *
BAKE TONNAGE EOI: THE SEASON OF 1913 shows
that the Pittsburgh district continues to hold first
place in the matter of shipments to the North­
west. The other districts have made a commend­
able showing, but the local shippers evidently have
little to fear in the way of losing their supremacy.
While there are rumors of a decrease for the com­
ing season, definite facts concerning it will not be
available until such time as the coal commences
going forward. The matter of rates seem to be
definitely settled at the figures of last year, so
that one question, at least, is out of the road.
...
CARELESSNESS IS THE GEEATEST CAUSE of acci­
dents, is the statment made by West Virginia state
officials who have investigated the fatalities in
the mines of that state, and they further say that
the number of accidents would decrease mate­
rially if the men in the mines would pay more
attention to their own safety. With this official
statement from the men who have charge of the
workmen's compensation law, it would seem that
the contention of the mine -owners that the oper­
ating concerns are doing all in their power to
lower the accident rate and that the men in most
instances were responsible is borne out com­
pletely.
* * *
WORKMAN'S COMPENSATION is very clearly dis­
cussed and its true worth shown in the report of
the commission appointed for the purpose of study­
ing the subject by the Civic Federation and the
American Federation of Labor, a summary of
which appears in this issue of THE COAL TUADE
BULLETIN. The document itself is voluminous and
is ready for distribution, and is worthy of careful
study by both employer and employee. The facts
brought out in the report are such as to attract
attention and there can be no doubt concerning
them as they are authentic to a degree not usually
obtainable in such investigations.
Stormy scenes are reported from some of the
miners' conventions. That's all right, they will
have their own little differences, but if an outsider
tries to interfere, all internal disputes are for­
gotten in the joy of a real scrap with the intruder.
* * *
The I. C. C. promises freight rate decisions by
July 1. What's the idea, going to make a present
of them to the nation on its natal day? Then,
maybe, if that's really the case, the present won't
be an enjoyable one.
* . *
Illinois Mine Workers took some radical actions,
opposite entirely from the stand of the national
organization. Is it going to be a case of the tail
wagging the dog?
Carelessness causes fatalities, say state officials.
It is pertinent for the operators to ask: "Who's
loony now?" Their stand is upheld.
• * *
The Interstate Conference once more will start
to work, and let us hope, this time will get out
some nice clean coal.
* * *
Premiums for spot coal are reported. That
sounds like music to the ear of the producer.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 21
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA WAGE CONFERENCE
The wage conference of the Central Pennsylva­
nia miners and operators opened in DuBois on
March 3 and adjourned March 6 to meet again in
Philadelphia on March 23. Practically nothing
was accomplished at the meetings. In the ses­
sions of the closing day speakers for the operators
made it clear that they would consent to no
changes in working conditions that would add
to the cost of production, which may be regarded
as a stand for renewal of the present agreement.
The assertion was made that at this time the
miners could not deviate from the Indianapolis
demands of the miners' International convention,
not until the Interstate wage conference had ar­
ranged an agreement or the miners' policy com­
mittee had revised the demands, so adjournment
was taken to a date when the Interstate confer­
ence was expected to be well under way. At the
opening session of the DuBois conference, the min­
ers' wage demands were presented as follows:
DuBois, Pa., March 2, 1914.
"To the Officers and Delegates of the Twenty-fourth
Successive Constitutional and First Bi-ennial
Convention of District No. 2, United Mine
Workers of America:
"Gentlemen and Brothers:—Your Scale Committee,
having carefully gone over all the resolutions
submitted to them by the local unions of the district,
and having carefully considered all matters
pertaining to the agreement beg leave to submit
the following report for your consideration:
"1st. Price for pick mining, gross ton.. .74
"2nd. Price for pick mining, net ton 66.29
"3rd. Machine loading, gross ton 52
"4th. Machine loading, net ton 47.5
"It is further provided that the rate for loading
after electric chain machines shall be 3 cents per
ton more than the above prices, or
"Electric chain machine loading, gross ton .55
"Electric chain machine loading, net ton. .50.5
"Loading in long wall working to be paid on the
above basis.
"5th. We demand that all cars be delivered to
and taken from the miners' working faces.
"6th. A uniform day wage scale for all classes
of inside and outside day labor; prices to be specified
in the Scale Agreement, as follows:
DAY WAOE SCALE.
"Machine cutters, punching machine, per hour .45.1
"Machine cutters, breast machine, per hour. .45.1
"Machine cutters, shortwall machine, per hour .45.1
'Scrapers, punching machine, per hour 30.3
"Scrapers, breast machine, per hour 36.3
"Scrapers, shortwall machine, per hour 36.3
"Trackmen, per hour 36.3
"Rockmen. per hour 36.3
"Timbermen, per hour 36.3
"Pipemen, per hour 36.3
"Drivers, per hour 36.3
".Motor runners, per hour (inside) 40.7
INTERSTATE WAGE CONFERENCE
TO RESUME MARCH 17 -MINERS'
) POLICY COMMITTEE CALLED IN.
1_ -_-_-_- „-_ „__„ -_-_~_ -„'
The Interstate Wage Conference of the Central
Bituminous fields, Western Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Indiana and Illinois, has been called to meet
again at the La Salle Hotel, Chicago*. Tuesday
morning, March 17. This was anticipated in THE
COAL TUADE BULLETIN March 2.
President White of the miners' International
Cnion has called a meeting in Chicago, March 19,
of the policy committee, composed of eight or more
I epresentatives from each of the 26 organized dis­
tricts of the country. The big committee will
thus be on hand early to act on the outcome of the
conference, propmt action evidently being antici­
pated.
Any agreement arranged must be submitted to
a referendum of all the miners, which tan be
taken in ten days.
"Stationary motor runners (outside) 36.3
"Trip riders, (rope) per hour 36.3
"Spraggers, per hour 36.3
"Bailing water, per hour 36.3
"Trappers, per hour 22
"Blacksmiths, per hour 38.5
"Engineers, per hour 36.3
"Firemen, per hour 33
"Ash wheelers, per hour 27.5
"Coal dumpers, per hour 29.7
"Greasers and oilers, per hour 27.5
"Rock dumpers, per hour 29.7
"Couplers, per hour 27.5
"Car droppers, per hour 29.7
"Trimmers, per hour 27.5
"Cagers, per hour 36.3
"Plane runners, per hour 36.3
'Pumpers, per hour 36.3
"Water bailers' 36.3

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
"Carpenters, per hour 36.3
"Repair men, per hour 30.3
"Electricians, per hour 44
"Machinists, per hour 44
"All other classes of outside day lalior not speci­
fied in this agreement, per hour 27.5
"All other classes of inside day labor not speci­
fied in this agreement, per hour 36.3
"7th. A 10 per cent, increase on all dead work,
yardage and day labor.
"8th. It shall be a condition of employment that
all men working in and around the mines shall be
members of the V. M. W. of A., and all compa­
nies to this agreement shall collect from their em­
ployees 2 per cent, of the gross earnings of all
day men, and 3 per cent, of the gross earnings of
all miners which shall have preference over all
other collections, and turn over to the authorized
agents such monies alter being notified by the
miners' organization.
"9th. All local inequalities and internal differ­
ences in the district shall be referred back to the
local unions for adjustment.
"10th. We demand a five-hour work day for
Saturday.
"11th. That the company shall pay drivers for
time from taking charge of stock until they, the
company, receive same, and be paid 2 cents additional
per hour for each mule over one.
"12th. We demand an eight-hour day foi- all
men working inside and outside of the mine.
"13th. We demand that coal cutting machines
shall not be used in pillars or stumps.
"14th. We demand a uniform price for all coke
oven men doing the same classes of labor.
"15th. All coal three feet, six inches or under
to be paid a differential of five cents per ton on
pick and canine coal.
"16th. The charges for blacksmithing shall be
•_ of one per cent, per ton for pick mining and
>/'. of one cent per ton for machine loading and
miners' tools shall get attention before any other
work.
"17th. A uniform price for rib yardage shall
he paid in all headings, back headings and cross
cuts where no top or bottom is taken.
"18th. Room turning where no top or bottom
is taken shall be paid a rib yardage of not less
than 50 cents per yard, until room is widened
out.
"19th. Room turning where top or bottom is
taken shall be paid the heading price for the first
eight yards.
"20th. All differentials in tonnage or yardage
rates existing under the 1912 scale agreement to
be continued and remain in force during the life
of this agreement.
"21st. In consideration of the complete check-oil
for the proper protection of both parties to the
agreement, a penalty clause shall be made a part
of this agreement, lor violation of any of the ex­
press terms of the agreement, by either the miners
or operators.
"22nd. Miners shall be paid for all breakages
of cars in transit from miners to the tipple.
"23rd. We demand the abolition of a standard
on the mine car.
"24th. Collection for doctor shall not he made
unless by the written consent of the party from
whom the collection is to he made.
"25th. Where miners are required to take down
top or to take up bottom they shall be paid 50
cents per yard for all such work from six inches
to 12 inches in thickness, and for each addi­
tional inch in thickness they shall be paid 5 cents
per yard.
"26th. Cars not claimed within 30 days shall be
turned in as check-off to the local union.
"27th. House rent and the price of coal shall
not be advanced.
"28th. Where companies charge by the month
for bouse coal and when men do not receive coal
or do not have it delivered within a reasonable
time they shall not be required to pay for same.
"29th. Comiianies shall furnish a list of the
men paying check-off.
"30th. We demand time and one-half for Sunday
work.
"Your Scale Committee concurs in that pait of
President Gilday's report and the action of the
International convention recommending the con­
tinuation of work after the expiration of contract
peding negotiations, which reads as follows: —
For many years our organization has been con­
fronted with a very annoying situation at the ex­
piration of wage agreements, and it seems but
right that we try to rectify this condition that is
no longer justifiable in my opinion. There is
now a strong sentiment permeating our movement
against suspensions, and much discussion has
taken place as to tlie wisdom of changing our pol­
icy and inaugurating a more businesslike policy
and remain at work pending settlements in the
event we are still negotiating at the expiration of
wage agreements.
"in concurring in this your committee recom­
mends if this report is adopted by the conven­
tion, that it be referred to the various districts
with the recommendation of the convention.
"The foregoing was adopted by a large major­
ity of the International convention, and 1 trust
that this convention will go on record as approv­
ing President White's recommendation and will
order a continuation of work pending negotiations.
"It is further recommended that any agreement
(Continued on Page 59)

PITTSBURGH DISTRICT MINE WORKERS
CONVENTION ADJOURNS WITH WAGE
SCALE QUESTION LEFT OPEN.
The Pittsburgh District Mine Workers' convention
that met February 17 and adjourned, resumed
its sessions March 3, and after eight days
deliberations adjourned without a definite declaration
on the wage scale, but took action that means
another convention later at which the wage scale
is to be considered.
The important action of the convention began
March 3 when the convention decided to go ahead
with its work even if a wage agreement had not
been reached.
March 4 the convention adopted the report of
the president, after a two-hour discussion of his
recommendation that the cap safety lamp be used
instead of the old safety lamp that hung at the
belt.
March 5 considerable disorder marked the sessions,
and it resulted in the arrest of two of
the delegates, who are alleged to have thrown a
visitor to the convention out of the hall. Charges
of misuse of funds were made, but after an explanation
tiie convention voted confidence in the
officers.
March 6 the constitution was amended and a
new sub-district, No. 7, composed of the mines
in the Allegheny valley, was authorized to be
organized. Another change in the constitution
was one allowing the vice president to succeed
the president in case of the latter's death, resignation
or removal.
March 9 the convention adopted a change in
the constitution that provides that where a local
union has called a strike at one mine it may,
after 10 days, have the district executive board
call a strike at all the mines of that company.
Another change adopted was one referring all
assessments by the district officers back to the
membership for a referendum vote before it shall
be legally collectible. The biennial convention
also was sanctioned.
March 11, the convention took up the wage scale
question, and because of no agreement having been
entered into by the Interstate conference the whole
matter was left open with another convention to
be held later to consider the matter.
The Donetz Basin of Russia provides about 55.5
per cent of the coal consumption of the country,
leaving 28.8 per cent to supplies from other Russian
coal fields and 15.7 per cent for foreign coal.
The Donetz Basin has undergone greater development
within recent years than any of the other
Russian coal fields, its output having risen from
12,000,000 tons of 2,000 pounds in 1900 to 28,000,-
000 tons in 1913.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
COAL COMPANY RECEIVERS PROTEST
AGAINST RULING O F PENNSYLVANIA
MINING DEPARTMENT.
Through an appeal made to the Washington
County, Pa., Court, by the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co.,
of Pittsburgh, through Receivers F. R. Babcock,
John XV. Ailes and John H. Jones, on March 7.
it is expected to establish what conditions must
exist in a bituminous coal mine to permit the
use of "long flame" explosives for blasting. The
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. seeks to have set aside an
order from the State Mining department requiring
this company to use none but "permissible"
explosives in its Hazel mine near Canonsburg.
The appeal is from the decision of a committee
of inspectors appointed by Chief James E. Roderick,
of the Department of Mines. The court accepted
the appeal and appointed experts to investigate.
This committee is composed of John
Mahoney, superintendent of the Pittsburgh Terminal
Railroad & Coal Co.; Frank Dunbar, superintendent
for the Ellsworth Collieries Co.; George
S. Eaton, mining engineer, of Pittsburgh, and
George E. Gray, mining engineer, of Uniontown.
They are to appoint a fifth commissioner, the
commission being instructed to examine the Hazel
mine and to report to court within 10 days. The
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. asserts that every precaution
for the safety of the miners has been taken
in the Hazel mine; that a sprinkling apparatus
allays the dust and that there is no accumulation
of dust apparent to make use of "long flame" explosive
dangerous.
COAL COMPANY NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR
ACTS OF DEPUTY SHERIFFS APPOINTED
BY COURTS.
A compulsory non-suit granted by Judge A. D.
McConnell at Greensburg, Pa., March 11, brought
to an end the $10,000 damage suit of Frank W.
Ruffner against the Jamison Coal & Coke Co. This
suit grew out of the coal strike of 1910-11. Ruffner,
with some other marchers, was coining to
Greensburg on the morning of May 8, 1911. They
were stopped at Luxor by deputies and in a riot
which followed Ruffner was shot and seriously
wounded by a deputy named Travis.
The motion for the non-suit tame after the evidence
on behalf of the plaintiff has been closed.
It was held by the attorneys for the coal company
that it could not be held responsible for the acts
of deputy sheriffs who were appointed by the court.
This view was taken by the court and a non-suit
was ordereed.
The case attracted a great deal of attention, several
organizers of the United Mine Workers of
America being present during the taking of evi-

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
dence, and while the attorneys were arguing on
the non-suit. It is probable that the case will be
taken to the higher courts. Curtis II. Gregg and
J. R. Spiegel represented the plaintiff and Moorhead
& Smith tbe defendants.
i!
PERSONAL
'4?
The Pittsburgli Coal Operators' association at a
recent meeting* presented to Mr. S. A. Taylor, sec
retary of ihe organization, a handsome chest of
silver for Mrs. Taylor anil a splendid gold watch
and chain with gold knife attached for himself.
All were beautifully engraved witli appropriate
inscriptions. Mr. W. K. Field, president of the
association, made tbe presentation talk. The
gifts were all an attest of appreciation but it was
\. TAYLOR.
remarked that the silver for the Taylor home was
a peace offering to Mrs. Taylor in partial return
for keeping the secretary away from the fireside
so often and so long. .Mr. Taylor is very well
known as a past president of the American Mining
Congress, and of the Coal Mining Institute of
America, as a manager of important coal properties
in the Pittsburgh district and in West Vir­
ginia, as a ranking mining engineer and as dean
of the school of mines of the University of Pittshurgh.
Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are now on a vacation
in Florida and may go over to Havana. Mr.
Taylor will be back in his Pittsburgh offices within
a month.
Mr. R. T. Donaldson on April 1 becomes general
coal sales agent for the Jamison Coal & Coke Co.
with headquarters in Pittsburgh, having resigned
his position in the sales department of the Pittsburgh
Coal Co. to take effect at that time. Mr.
Donaldson is exceptionally well equipped for his
new work having devoted all his business career
to the coal industry and making a specialty of
sales. Before the organization of the Pittsburgli
Coal Co. he managed some sales interests which
were merged into the retail organization of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co. He was connected with this
branch of the business for years and for a time
was manager of the Rex Carbon Coal Co. of Pittsburgh.
Mr. Donaldson continues with thorough
competency as a sales manager, a personality
which cannot fail to win.
Mr. L. F. Timmerman, secretary of the Davis
Coal & Coke Co.. announces that at a meeting of
the board of directors of that company, held March
3, Mr. Alfred W. Calloway was elected president
of the company, in place of Mr. J. M. Fitzgerald,
resigned. Mr. Calloway a few months ago became
general manager of the company, leaving the general
superintendency of tbe Buffalo. Rochester &
Pittsburgh coal interests. He is well fitted for
his broadened field.
Mr. F. A. Dunbar, superintendent of the mines
and operations of the Ellsworth Collieries Co., at
Ellsworth. Pa., has been appointed superintendent
of the Wehrum, Pa., plant of the Lackawanna Coal
& Coke Co., vice Mr. Harry J. Meehan, resigned.
Mr. Dunbar will remove his family from Ellsworth
to Wehrum shortly.
Mr. J. M. Cook, superintendent of mines of the
Cambria Steel Co., has resigned his position, and
been succeeded by Mr. Harry J. Meehan, of the
Lackawanna Coal & Coke Co. plant at Wehrum,
Pa. Mr. Meehan is one of the rising young operating
officials whose abilities promise a great future.
Mr. M. D. Ratchford, commissioner of the Illinois
Coal Operators' association, March 4 ten­
dered his resignation, effective April 1. No reason
was assigned for the move. The executive committee
is expected to take action on the resolution
shortly.
The public service commission of West Virginia
has ruled that the railroads of the state can haul
the mine rescue car of the Bureau of Mines througtout
the state without charging mileage and not be
violating the law in so doing.

CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA MINE WORKERS
CONCLUDE CONVENTION WITH ADOP­
TION OF WAGE SCALE DEMANDS.
The report of the proceedings of the first biennial
convention of the United Mine Workers of
Central Pennsylvania, District No. 2, concluded
in the last issue of the COAL TRADE BULLETIN with
the proceedings of Feb. 26.
When the convention met Feb. 27, among the
first things that came up was the report of the
constitution committee. One of the important
changes recommended by the committee, which
was adopted, was that the district secretary close
his books on Dec. 31 of each year, instead of
Jan. 31, and that all members in good standing
Feb. 1, be permitted to attend the convention.
This change was made because of the change
of the convention date from March to February.
The convention adopted a change in the constitution
which provides that when a mine is on
strike, and the strikers are receiving strike benefits,
they shall continue to receive these benefits
for two weeks after they return to work. Under
the old law they received no benefits after returning
to work.
When the convention met Feb. 28, the constitution
committee concluded its report, and then
the legislative committee made its report. Among
the resolutions adopted were:
One asking the mining inspectors to enforce all
mining laws with respect to the safety of the
miners was passed.
The House of Representatives was commended
and the Senate censured in a resolution for action
on labor bills at the last session.
A resolution favoring the certificate law for
miners in the bituminous district as it now exists
in the anthracite region was passed. This is to
protect the miners in time of strike.
The endorsement of a law preventing the drawing
of pillars by machines was given through a
resolution.
The repeal of the mining trespass law was also
favored by the convention.
When the convention met March 2, the legislative
committee continued its report, and the
convention went on record as favoring the election
of the state mine inspectors instead of their
appointment and also as favoring the local mine
committee accompanying the state inspector when
he inspects the mine.
The scale committee then made its report, and
it was considered during the day and on the following
day, when it was adopted, and its principal
provisions are:
Price of pick niining per ton gross, 77 cents;
an advance of 5 cents.
Price of pick mining per ton net, 69.29 cents;
an increase of 5 cents.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
Machine mined per ton gross, 47 cents, 5 cents
increase; machine mined coal per ton net, 42.5
cents, 5 cents increase.
Electric chain loading per gross ton, 3 cents
more than above, or 50 cents.
It is demanded that all cars be delivered to
and from the face of working place.
A 10 per cent, increase on all dead work is
demanded.
Eight hours for all men around the mines.
All men in and about the mines must be members
of the United Mine Workers.
Five hours to constitute a day's work Saturday.
Drivers shall be paid full time from taking
the mules out of barn until they return.
The scale committee urged the recommendation
of President Patrick Gilday that work shall continue
while negotiations are on, even though thereis
no agreement before April 1.
March 4, the final day of the convention, was
marked by the completion of the reports of the
committees, that of the committee on officers' reports
being the last one to be completed. The
committee concurred in the recommendations
made in the report of President Gilday in every
particular save one, that of the establishment of
a paper in the district. This was referred back
to a referendum vote of the entire membership
of the district, and a committee composed of
Messrs. Duffey, Bassett and Parker was elected to
ascertain the cost of establishing and conducting
such a paper and furnish the information to the
membership at the time the referendum is taken.
The report of Secretary-Treasurer Gilbert was
approved, and then Dubois was selected as the
place of the next meeting of the convention in
1916, after which the convention adjourned.
Two receivers, Colonel C. D. R. Stowits and William
J. Donovan, were appointed for the firm of
Frank Williams & Co., dealers in coal, by Judge
John R. Hazel in I'nited States District court at
Buffalo. N. Y., March 4. The receivers were nominated
at the request of the Bennets Branch Supply
Co. of Pennsylvania, which has given the concern
credit for $15,000. The Williams company is not
bankrupt, but has not enough ready money to pay
its debts, it is alleged. The appointment of the
receivers will mean a reorganization of the company.
The Lake Erie, Franklin & Clarion railroad has
announced that it is in the market for 150 big
steel hopper coal cars, and already has placed in
service an SO-ton Baldwin locomotive. A new
10-wheel 80-ton passenger locomotive has been ordered
for delivery in 60 days and it is expected
more coal carrying equipment will be ordeied
directly.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY
The following annual report of tbe Pittsburgh
Coal Co. was submitted to the stockholders, by the
officials at tbe meeting held March 10:
The total tonnage produced and handled for the
year, including coke, and exclusive of coal purchased
and handled by tbe Dock companies, was
24,707,204 net tons, an increase over 1912 of 644,-
822 or 2.68 per cent.
The gross earnings from all sources were $0,-
421.702.87. an increase over 1912 of $729,273.85, or
12.S per cent, and the net earnings after all proper
charges, including full depreciation, were $2,726,-
268.65. an increase of $700,785.88, or 35 per cent.;
the net earnings being in excess of 10 per cent.
on the preferred stock outstanding, alter payment
of an increase in taxes, personal injury settlements
and marine losses, over 1912, of $287,000.
While 1913 began with large dock stocks and a
lessened demand, due to weather and trade conditions,
an early improvement in the latter permitted
all of the mines to average fairly full operating
time until the last quarter of the year when,
influenced by free shipments made from all fields
and by the recession in general business which
then set in and continued for the balance of the
year, demand fell off with the result that the tonage
increase shown for the nine months to October
1 of 6.5S per cent, was reduced to 2.68 per
cent, for the whole year. Transportation facilities
were good and efficient, and under no unusual
shortage in lalior or labor troubles, the output
for the year would have largely exceeded 1912
through ability to produce and handle, could it
have been placed.
An increase of 35 per cent, in net earnings for
the year on 2.68 per cent, tonnage increase—indicates
the application of efficiency to the different
plants in sales, production, handling and distribution;
and especially, that all producers have
been forced by their necessities to obtain a price
which would more nearly represent the expense,
risks and value of their product. By the reason
of the vast general production of the country,
always increasing, its accompanying w-astes and
higher costs with a decreasing labor supply, prices
must continue to advance until there is a substantial
reduction in the present heavy percentage of
labor charge by mechanical development. A better
selling value is required to improve living
conditions, to reduce personal injury risk, for
proper compensation when sustained, and to secure
a larger recovery of the coal.
At Dee. 31, 1913, the undivided earnings account
stood at credit in the sum of $10,526,112.35,
an increase for the year of $1,372,618.60; and the
net. working capital was $8,032,360.62, or an increase
for the year of $339,765.71.
No new bond obligations have been assumed
since last annual report and there has been retired
during the year in principal and bonds and
mortgages tbe sum of $1,905,243.21, of which $1.-
720,243.21 was paid out of working capital and
$245,000 from bond sales proceeds under Pittsburgh
Coal Dock & Wharf Co. mortgage of April
1, 1912, reserved for the purpose. The principal
of total bonded and mortgage debt, direct and indirect
at end of year was $31,154,255.17.
It is realized that efficiency in selling, mining
and distributing the output must always be had to
obtain best general results against competition to
be met and to this end the large investments have
been made during the past five years at mines,
docks and yards. Some of the results for 1913
come from these investments for modern facilities,
and each year should increase their service.
Dock No. 5. West Superior, Wis., construction as
planned, has been completed and its operating results
are fully up to expectations, as also those
of Dock No. 7, Duluth, Minn., continue to be. Lime
Island dock went into operation Aug. 30. 1913.
Further construction should be added to No. 5
dock and also to Algonquin dock at Sault Ste.
Marie, Mich., when the company is in position to
do so. Maintenance and operation of each unit
have been directed to promote "safety first."
There is no floating debt other than current obligations
for operating and maintenance, excepting
for special construction work, the cost of wliich
has been provided for by reserved bond sales' proceeds,
and usual notes issued by subsidiary companies
for eoal in stock.
Minor labor troubles, general labor shortage
amounting in the average to 15 per cent, through
the busy season, compliance with safety provisions
required by law, unusually heavy personal injury
payments, and average higher prices for supplies,
have increased production cost at the mines.
A great disaster happened at the Cincinnati
mine of the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal
& Coke Co., on April 23, 1913. Out of 170 men
who entered the mine, 97 faithful employes lost
their lives in the performance of their duties, due
to the ignition and explcsion of a sudden and unexpected
quantity of gas liberated in a clay bein,
which was reinforced through other portions of
the mine. While that company was found free
from liability under its strict compliance with the
laws of the state and tbe best mining practices
(Continued on Page 06)
(

August Belmont, chairman of the Workmen's
Compensation Department of the National Civic
Federation, announces the publication of the
report upon the operation of State Workmen's
Compensation Laws made by the commission created
in July, 1913, by the National Civic Federation
and composed of employers, legal experts and
labor representatives appointed by the American
Federation of Labor. Its extraordinary value is
attested by the fact that the United States Senate
ordered it printed as a Government document.
The workings of the various compensation laws
in States having had any important experience
are reviewed and analyzed in a way to bring out
distinctly the strong and weak provisions.
The findings are based upon personal conferences
and hearings in different sections of the
country all the way from the Atlantic to the
Pacific Coast, and upon replies to thousands of
letters of inquiry and questionnaires, the answers
representing a payroll of $358,640,383. The labor
viewpoint as to the benefits derived from workmen's
compensation laws was sought and opinions
were secured from employers, public officials and
insurance men.
Some of the subjects covered are: "Degrees of
satisfaction given by compensation as against liability
laws;" "Reasons for accepting or rejecting
elective acts;" "The amount of compensation;"
"Contributions by employees;" "Methods of insuring;"
"Cost of compensation;" "Exclusiveness
of compensation remedy;" "Employers' defenses
abrogated under elective acts;" "Employments
covered;" "Injuries covered;" "Who are dependents;"
"Non-resident alien dependents;"
"Contractors' liability to employees of sub-contractors;"
"Length of waiting period;" "Medical
and surgical aid;" "Effect on prevention of accidents;"
"Litigation under compensation acts;"
"Methods of administration;" "Effect upon relations
of employer and workmen," and "Suggestions
for amendments to State laws."
Other provisions of the report are: A topical
digest of the principal provisions of statutes in
force January 1, 1914; rules and forms used by
State hoards to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION*
Samuel Gompers, President American Federation
of Labor, Washington, D. C.
Louis B. Schram, Chairman Labor Committee,
United States Brewers' Association, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
W. H. Marshall, President American Locomotive
Co., New York City.
Frank V. Whiting, General Claims Attorney, N. Y.
C. & H. R. R. R„ New York City.
Timothy Healy, President International Brotherhood
of Stationary Firemen, New York City.
E. H. Letchworth, Rogers-Brown Iron Co., Buffalo.
N. Y.
M. F .Westover, Secretary General Electric Co.,
Schenectady, N. Y.
Raynal C. Boiling, United States Steel Corporation,
New York City.
The Commission, which gave six arduous
months to this investigation, was made up as follows
:
Chairman, Cyrus W. Phillips, member of the
former New York State Commission on Employers'
Liability, Rochester, N. Y.
J. Walter Lord, Chairman of the Maryland State
Commission on Employers' Liability and Workmen's
Compensation, Baltimore, Md.
Otto M. Eidlitz, of the New York Building Trades
Employers' Association, New- York City.
Louis B. Schram, Chairman Labor Committee,
United States Brewers' Association, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
James Duncan, Vice-President American Federation
of Labor, Quincy, Mass.
John Mitchell, Vice-President American Federation
of Labor, Mount Vernon, N. Y.
Mr. Duncan and Mr. Mitchell were appointed
by the American Federation of Labor to co-operate
with the National Civic Federation.
The Commission found that not only are more
than 5,000,000 workmen now operating under compensation
laws, but that
I.AWS GOING INTO EEFEC'T
during the coming year will bring several million
more workmen under this system. Even elective
acts have been so generally accepted by employers
and employees in States where they are in force
FACILITATE THE ADMINISTRATION
that in those instances a vast majority of indus­
of the laws, and valuable statistics furnished by trial accidents are covered.
them.
Here and there an employer was found who,
The Committee on Plan and Scope, which out­
owing largely to his peculiar kind of business or
lined the inquiry, appears below:
his particular experience, criticized the principle
Chairman, Otto M. Eidlitz, New York Building
of the law. These cases, however, were scattered
Trades Employers' Association, New York City.
and were confined, as a rule, to men who had
*Report upon operation of State law made bv Commission few, if any. accidents in their plants. Some em­
of the National Civic Federation and the American Federaployers had not accepted the law for the reason
tion of Labor.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
that they were carrying on plans of their own
which they considered better.
The employer who complains of the law because
it requires him to pay compensation for an accident
in which he is clearly not to blame, or which
possibly may be due to the fault of the injured
person, will get a broader view of the law when
later he is relieved from a liability suit with full
damages in a case in which he has been wholly at
fault. Likewise, the employee who receives no
compensation, for the reason that his injury incapacitates
him for a time shorter than the legal
waiting period, will get a different and a better
idea of the law later when he or some fellowworker
meets with a permanent injury and receives
compensation promptly without controversy.
While at the outset the compensation acts were
not exclusive, but were given in addition to the
workmen's common law right of action for negligence,
the tendency to make the compensation
remedy the exclusive one has grown until now
the majority of the statutes furnish an exclusive
remedy, and it can be well said that the principle
of making the remedy exclusive, provided the
compensation is adequate, is now accepted by both
employers and workmen as the proper method.
In the absence of compensation laws, undoubtedly
there would have been a
EI'RTIIEII EXPANSION
of the employers' liability, with their defenses
removed and the adoption of strict safety requirements.
This is indicated by the recent decision
of the United States Supreme Court in reference
to the Federal Safety Appliance Act, under which
the railroad company is even held liable to an
injured employee for failure to keep safety appliances
in order. But it is recognized that under
the best liability law a large percentage of workmen
must be without protection, as many accidents
cannot be traced to legal fault on the part
of the employer and may occur where safeguarding
appliances cannot be installed.
The Commission found a growing satisfaction
with compensation laws among both employers
and workmen. All suggestions for changes related
to the Compensation Law, no one seriously
thinks of repealing it or going back to the old
liability system. Persons attended the conferences
who had originally opposed the compensation
plan, but who, after experience under it, expressed
their warm approval of its principles. Among
these, besides both large and small employers,
were workmen.
The workmen's compensation laws have improved
the relations between the employer and
workmen; they have had a marked effect upon
accident prevention by calling attention to the
subject and exciting interest in safeguarding ma­
chinery and in the organization of safety committees,
ancl they have created a general campaign
for accident prevention. The difficulties feared by
some employers and some workmen have not, to
any great extent, materialized under the actual
operation of the laws; while the commission
heard some statements to the effect that the laws
lead to fraud, deception and malingering on the
part of employees, and discrimination by employers
against certain classes of workmen, these complaints
have generally come from those who have
had little or no experience under such law, or
have had so few accidents in their establishments
that their opinion can hardly be considered
against those of men at the
HEAD OF ESTABLISHMENTS
who have had a large and active experience even
in the short time that the laws have been in effect.
The latter class of employers generally
stated that they have found little, if any, malingering
or deception; that that can be avoided, and
that the laws are easy in administration and fair
in their operation. However, it is claimed by
some that there has not been sufficient experience,
during the short time that the statutes have been
in force in the United States, for these troubles
to develop; that they do exist in European countries,
and that they will develop here unless the
administration of the laws is safeguarded in these
respects.
In the States where there are Industrial Accident
Boards, having power to pass upon settlement
agreements; to make rules and regulations;
to require the filing of receipts showing the actual
payments of cempensation to the men; and having
arbitrations and hearings before them in
cases of dispute, the law is being fairly administered,
and employees are receiving promptly their
full compensation under the law. It is evident
that danger of fraud and deception can be prevented
only when the law is administered through
a board or officials charged with powers and
duties similar to those of the existing State
Boards. For instance, in New Jersey, where
there is no duly constituted authority, not over
60 per cent of the amounts payable under the
statute are received by the workmen.
It is the general opinion both of employers and
workmen in the States covered by this inquiry
that all employments, with the possible exception
of farm labor, domestic servants and casual employments,
should be included, and that any restricted
classification is not only unjust but leads
to confusion and uncertainty.
The subject of medical attention to injured employes
is one of utmost importance. With a few
exceptions, the States require that the employer,
in addition to the compensation, shall pay the
medical bills of the injured workmen, with cer-

tain restrictions. Outside of the State of Washington,
the Commission found no sentiment opposed
to this requirement, it being generally conceded
that the workman is not only entitled to
medical treatment in
AUDITION TO HIS COMPENSATION
but that it is to the interest of the employer and
society to see that he receives it, thereby to minimize
the extent of the disability. There has been
a great deal of discussion, however, with regard
to the cost of medical service. Various methods
have been suggested and are now being worked
out in different States for the purpose of reducing
this cost which amounts to a sum equal to
40 to 50 per cent, of the amount of compensation
received by the workmen.
The amount of compensation has aroused considerable
discussion, and it varies from 50 to
66 2-3 per cent of the wages of the injured employee
with minimum and maximum weekly
amounts varying in different States, to be paid
during the period of his incapacity, or, as in
some States, limited to specified periods, with
definite allowances for amputations and certain
enumerated injuries. While employers, in States
paying only 50 per cent of the injured workmen's
wages, feel that their schedules are fair and are
fearful of the effects of increasing the percentage,
there is not much complaint from employers in
States having a higher rate of compensation.
Definiteness in provisions relating to awards for
particular injuries is desired by both employers
and workmen.
Uniformity of cost is an element of vital interest
to employers. For this reason they have
frequently asked, first, that the elective acts of
their States be made compulsory, so that all employers
may compete on the same basis; and secondly,
that there be uniformity in cost under the
acts of the various States. Among workingmen
the sentiment for compulsory compensation laws
is practically uniform, and the tendency of legislation
is in the direction of compulsory enactments.
This is evidenced by the recent change in
Ohio and California from elective to compulsoryacts,
and by the adoption in New York State of a
compulsory act.
Litigation, so far as accidents to workmen are
concerned, has been practically eliminated in the
States in which compensation acts have been
generally accepted by employers. About, 2 per
cent only of the compensation
CASES AUE DISPUTED
so as to require arbitration; not more than ten
cases out of 10,000 compensation cases have gone
into the courts. The payments of compensation
to employees are prompt and usually commence
at the end of the second or third week, and where
arbitration is had, the payments are not delayed
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
on an average more than three or four weeks.
One of the most difficult problems, and one that
has caused more diversity of views than any
other, is that of protecting the injured workman
against the insolvency of his employer. As the
payments are not usually made in lump sum but
extend in some cases through a long series of
years this is important from the standpoint of the
workman and his family. The Commission found
it generally accepted by employers that the workman
was entitled to as full protection in this re
sped as possible, but a strong feeling existed
among employers against being restricted in their
method of insuring. Many wanted to carry their
own risks without insurance, provided they could
show that their financial condition would warrant
it, claiming that in that way they could better
carry on their safety plans. Some wanted
power to create mutual insurance companies, and,
in most States, laws have been passed permitting
this; others desired permission to insure in stock
companies, while other wanted the State to create
an insurance fund by assessment upon employers.
In States in which either of these methods, or all
of ihem, were in operation, there was little, if
any, complaint as to the methods of making settlements
or payments, ft was generally felt that,
with an industrial accident board passing upon
all settlements and determining all differences
and with such other restrictions and regulations
as might be necessary, both employer and employee
were protected under these three methods
of insurance, and that the employer received the
benefit of the resulting competition. The mutual
companies have undoubtedly, by their competition,
aided in the reduction of rates to a larger
extent than the amount of their business would
indicate, as they furnish a field to which employers
can go in case they feel that the rates of
stock companies are too high. This is also true
of the State insurance funds, except that they have
been organized to a less extent and have done a
smaller business than the mutual companies.
Mr. Belmont said, in commenting upon the report:
"It is apparent that the principle of workmen's
compensation is well established, i. e., that the
industry rather than the victim shall bear the
financial burden resulting from accidents incident
to it. The experiments with
DIFFERENT THEORIES
in the first stages of legislation upon tlie subject
have developed workable features worthy of perpetuation,
but now we have reached the melting-pot
period. We must devote our attention at present
to a proper development of the system and renew
our activity in the interest of uniformity in State
legislation.
"Education never was more needed upon the

30
subject than now, and we propose not only to
give to legislators, citizens and organizations interested
in the movement this sifted result of the
country's total experience, but also to utilize the
report in drafting a new model workmen's compensation
act to be used as a guide. To Legislatures
convening this year and workmen's compensation
commissions in twelve States studying the
subject, the report has been made immediately
available. It will be used also in an active campaign
to bring about a greater degree of enlightenment
in advance of the large number o ; legislative
sessions to be held next winter.
"The report bears every evidence of a conscientious
effort to present the facts impartially,
with no attempt to offer theories or to make
recommendations. It is believed that it will be
of benefit not only to States which have not yet
enacted workmen's compensation legislation, but
also to those proposing to amend their laws, and
especially in promoting uniformity among the
twenty-two States having such laws."
This volume, which is practically a working
handbook of 200,00 words, may be had, free of
charge, upon application to the Workmen's Compensation
Department of the National Civic Federation,
Thirty-third Floor, Metropolitan Tower,
New York City.
In commenting upon accident prevention, Mr.
Belmont said:
-Two documents, also available gratis, in the
interest of accident prevention, are tin- Civic-
Federation's model safety act and uniform accident
reporting blank.
"The safety act. now reflected particularly in
the factory laws of New York, New Jersey and
Illionis, not only enables State officials to place
responsibility upon employers, but, at the same
time, gives the latter information as to their
obligations in the matter of accident prevention.
"Adequate safeguarding cannot be had without
statistics showing the causes of accidents, and
where they occur in the greatest number. Accuracy
in drawing conclusions from such statistics
depends upon uniformity in collecting them."
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The St. Bernard Mining Co. has purchased the
handling plant of the Pinner Coal Co., Nashville,
Tenn., and will utilize it in handling its Nashville
trade. The plant is capable of handling.
re-screening and re-sizing 35,000 tons of coal daily.
it is the largest plant of its kind south of the
Ohio river.
The Great Western Coal & Coke Co., of Mc­
Alester, Okla., has been placed in the hands of a
receiver. The assets are given at $45,709 and
liabilities at $271,709. James F. Elliott, of Mc­
Alester, has been named as receiver.
VIRGINIAN SHIPMENTS.
Coal and coke shipments over The Virginian
Railwav in tons for the month of January, 1914:
Coal
Net Tons
New River Collieries Co 38,321
E. E. White Coal Co 34,795
Slab Fork Coal Co 33,134
Loup Creek Colliery Co 28,023
E. E. White Coal Co 27,411
Gulf Smokeless Coal Co 26,060
Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern R. R 24.9S0
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 20,268
MacAlpin Coal Co 18,781
Raleigh Coal & Coke Co 15,820
Winding Gulf Colliery Co 12,026
Bailey Wood Coal Co 11,343
The New River Co 11,168
Gulf Coal Co 10,352
Long Branch Coal Co 9,186
Sullivan Coal & Coke Co 8,803
Lynwin Coal Co 8,389
The New River Co 7,318
The New River Co 7,300
The New River Co 6,861
The New River Co 6,830
New River Collieries Co 6,461
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 5,562
The New River Co 5,530
The New River Co 4,913
Mead Pocahontas Coal Co 4,376
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co 3,822
Woodpeck Coal Co 3,441
The New River Co 2,319
Pemberton Fuel Co 2,028
The New River Co 1,059
City Coal Co 439
Mount Hope Coal & Coke Co 10
LAKE TONNAGE FOR 1913.
407,109
The total shipments of all grades of coal via
the Great Lakes for the year 1913, as reported by
the Marine Review, in comparison with the tonnage
for 1912 and 1911 were:
1913 1912 1911
Bituminous
Pittsburgh Dist,. 13,415,473 11,300,000 10,611,941
Ohio 6,176,624 4,676,000 4,019,544
West Virginia... 8,736,586 7,360,000 7,151,200
Total 28,328,683 23,336,000 21,782,685
Anthracite 5,033,696 4,204,741 3,917,419
Grand Total..33,362,379 27,540,741 25,700,104
The Morris Coal Co. will remove its offices from
Senecaville, O., to Cambridge, O., April 1.

CARELESSNESS THE CAUSE OF MOST MINE
ACCIDENTS, DECLARES WEST VIRGINIA
OFFICIAL.
"About 80 per cent, of the accidents we are
called upon to investigate are found to be due directly
or indirectly to carelessness," declared Samuel
L. Walker, inspector for the Workmen's Compensation
department of the Public Service commission
of West Virginia, recently:
"Chief among causes to which we find accidents
attributable," continued Mr. Walker, "are as follows
:
"Shooting with short fuse;
"Reckless running of motors;
"Failure properly to timber rooms and other
workings;
"Shooting off the solid.
"The carelessness seems not due to ignorance,"
he said, "but, on the other hand, is found largely
with men who are experienced, but neglect precautionary
measures, having become careless of
the dangers surrounding them."
"The state department of mines, through its
chief, Earl Henry, is seeking to obtain a closer
co-operation between mine workers and operators
for the observance of safety rules, but I am told
that, in some parts of the state, there is a tendency
to misunderstand the spirit in which the
safety rules are made because of the lack of complete
understanding between the mine operators
and men as to the humane object of the regulations.
The safety rules primarily benefit the
miners by strict observance.
"The man who shoots a short fuse endangers
others and breaks the law.
"Instead of placing a long fuse that costs perhaps
five cents more, he uses a short one and
tamps dust on top of it. This often causes a
blown out shot, or premature explosion, possibly
a disaster, for there is always the danger of the
ignited dust setting fire to the dust in the mine
and causing an explosion that might involve enormous
loss of life. Upon the miners, themselves,
devolves a large part of the responsibility.
"Many accidents occur from mine motors being
handled with recklessness. The majority of slate
falls in rooms may be prevented by proper setting
of supports, but I am informed this is often
neglected because of extra time involved. Shooting
off the solid means that the coal is shot out
without undercutting and often entails blown out
shots and dangerous roof conditions.
"The accidents we have to investigate in the
mining regions show most often, that, had proper
care been exercised, they might have been prevented.
With the miners themselves in a large
measure the strict enforcement of the rules lies
and with the assistance given by the mine depart­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
ment and demanded by the department of the
operators great loss of life can be daily prevented
in the state. The conditions are good now, but
they can be bettered greatly."
BUREAU OF MINES RESCUE CAR.
Denver,
ARRIVE
March
.March
March
April
April
April
April
April
May
1
13
19
25
1
7
13
19
24
1
Col., Car No. 2,
LEAVE
i ni A
March
March
March
April
April
April
April
April
May
IS
24
31
6
12
IS
24
30
5
NECROLOGICAL
1914 Itinerary, Nc
ADDRESS
Wickenburg, Ariz
Ray, Ariz.
Tucson, Ariz
Bisbee, Ariz
Clifton,
Morenci,
Globe,
Miami,
Santa Rita,
i. 3.
Ariz
Ariz
Ariz
Ariz
Ariz.
Mr. Andrew H. Reeder, vice president and general
manager of the Stonega Coke & Coal Co.,
at Big Stone Gap, Va., died in the Hahnemann
hospital, Philadelphia, recently, aged 44 years.
Mr. Reeder was born September 6, 1869, at Easton,
Pa., and graduated from Lafayette college in
1890, later taking post graduate courses at the
same institution. He was chief engineer for
Senators Davis and Elkins, of West Virginia, and
later took charge of the construction work of
some of the H. C. Frick Coke Co. plants in the
Connellsville, Pa., region, and then became a
consulting engineer. In that capacity he was connected
with the Virginia Iron, Coal & Coke Co.
at Toms Creek, Va., and for IS months was superintendent
of that plant. He then went to the
Crows Nest Pass Coal Co., as general manager
and left it to assume the position he held at the
time of his death. In 1895 he married Elsie
Longstreet Eckbard, of Philadelphia, who, with
two children, survive, A. H. Reeder, Jr., and
Elizabeth Bayard Reeder. He was a director of
the Virginia Coal & Iron Co., Stonega Coke &
Coal Co., Virginia Wholesale Co., Interstate Railroad
Co., and the First National Bank of Appalachia,
Va.
Oscar R. Johnston, who for IS years had been
mine foreman at the mine of the Rochester &
Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co., at Yatesboro, Pa., died
during the fortnight from shock from a mangled
right arm received when he was caught between
two cars.
The Byrne Coal & Coke Co., Connellsville, Pa.,
has filed notice of the assumption of a debt of
$50,000.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
t
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACETYLENE WITH
RELATION TO ITS USE AS AN ILLUMINANT IN MINES
Bv E. E, Smith, Ph D.. M.D.
A modern philosopher has told us that life is
in the continuous adjustment of internal relations
to external relations. This means, in less
abstract language, that to live we must adapt
ourselves to our surroundings. So long as we
are able to do this, we live healthful lives. When
we are unable to do so, ill-health and death supervene.
Civilization has modified in many ways the
external conditions to which we must adapt ourselves.
Tent life which was native to the tribe
has now very largely given away to house life.
That this change has involved adaptation to the
new external conditions is illustrated a tthe present
time by the American Indian. With him it
appears too often that house life means being
domiciled in squalid cabins surrounded with accumulations
of filth which becomes the source
of disease, conditions that do not exist with the
fresher air, ventilation and the frequent change of
site of tent life. In order that the change be
beneficial, it is important to so regulate the
civilized form of living that by avoiding these
unhygienic conditions civilization be brought
within the capacity of adaptation of the Indian.
This somewhat primitive illustration indicates
the general law that
NEW EXTERNAL CONDITIONS,
without regard to the fact that they mark a
signal advance in civilization, must be scrutinized
with whatever care may be necessary to determine
what is to be avoided that the new conditions
may be established to our benefit. It is
in this spirit, or at least it should be, that every
economic advance receives attention. What are
the problems of adjustment which it presents and
how may they be solved so as to reap the benefit
of the advance and avoid possible disadvantages?
With illuminants, the problems of adjustment
have ever been definite and impelling. What
concern was in the minds of the generations who
worked out the problems presented by the evolution
of the candle we need nothing more than
conjecture. It may be that the ember of the
rosin pine knot gave way to the dip in the vessel
of fat which finally took the shape of the candle
without apprehension on the part of the housewives
of the times, but what we know of human
nature strongly suggests that the fear of spattering,
the danger of clothes and hangings being
fired, the matter of the formation of soot and
the possibility of the extinction of the flame by
tlraughts were problems quite as serious to the
era of the candle as have been those presented
to later generations by the advances which they
have witnessed.
The working out of some of the problems presented
by the use of oil is within our memory.
The newspapers of fifty years ago gave many accounts
of lamp explosions with disastrous fires.
involving loss of property and life. It remained
for the oil chemist of that clay to point out the
necessity of fractioning the oil, separating \he
highly volatile nad explosive lighter oils and securing
the safer and more efficient fraction for
use as an illuminant. How well we now know
and are able to
AVOID THE DANGER
of the lighter fractions with their explosive tendencies
and the disadavntage of the heavier oils
with their poor illuminating and rich soot forming
qualities!
The problems of adjustment in the use of common
illuminating gas are yet with us. Its poisonous
action has by accident ended thousands of
happy lives and by intent perhaps as many unhappy
ones; and is continuing to do so and, indeed,
from its nature must so long as it is used.
Its use has been an important actor in the development
of modern city life, but it has not
been without its price.
So. too, we must acknowledge the loss of life
associated with the use of electricity. The innocent
wires that transverse our streets and buildings
have been and still are the cause of many
conflagrations and violent deaths. The brilliant
light thus shed by which night is made day is
not without its list of fatalities.
Indeed, the fact of new external relations must
inevitably carry with it the problems of the adjustment
to the internal relations that constitute
life. Such adjustment must be made within the
limits of adaptation and must be continuous. It
is necessary and important to every advance to
recognize the new external relations that they
may be maintained within the capacity of adaptation
to internal relations, so that their benefits
may be realized and their dangers avoided.
Let us, then, in the time at our disposal, look
at some of the problems of adjustment presented
by the modern use of acetylene as an illuminant.
Though the division of our subject naturally
first directs attention to the carbide or acetylene
production as an industry, we shall limit our
attention to the problems of adjustment presented
by the
USE OE ACETYLENE
as an illuminant. This leads us at once to the

inquiry, Is acetylene a direct poison? The answer
is no. This question is asked with some
seriousness, however, because on the one hand
of the notoriously toxic action of common illuminating
gas, due to the carbon nionoxide which
enters so largely into its composition, by reason
of which the mind of the inquirer is already not
only prepared to believe that acetylene is poisonous,
but in fact, in some instances, has that idea
rigidly implanted there. It is further asked with
seriousness, because, in the literature of the subject,
we find some views that it is poisonous.
Early writers declared that it combined with the
blood and had a marked poisonous effect, like
carbon monoxide.
Any gas, when it replaces air, if incapable of
supporting respiration, is injurious and even fatal,
not because it is poisonous but because it deprives
the body of oxygen. Because of this, acetylene
is capable of doing injury. If it accumulate
in some small, unventilated space, like the cabin
of a boat, it is entirely capable of shutting off
the supply of air, of preventing respiration and
hence of harm and even death. It suffocates because
it is incapable of supplying oxygen without
which man cannot live.
When acting in this way, acetylene is not a
direct poison; it does not do anything to the
body that injures it. It does harm only indirectly
by withholding air. The recognition, then, of
injury by suffocation throws no light on our inquiry
whether it is a direct poison. The presence
of common illuminating gas in air even to the
amount of a fraction of a per cent, is distinctly
injurious and may even be fatal, though such
air contain an abundance of oxygen. The carbon
monoxide contained in the illuminating gas enters
the
BLOOD THROUGH THE LUNGS
and attaches itself strongly to the coloring matter
of the blood, rendering it incapable of taking
up the oxygen of air though the air contain
oxygen in sufficient amount. Thus death supervenes
not because the body is denied oxygen but
because through the fixation of the coloring matter
of the blood it has lost its capacity to use
oxygen. Has acetylene this or any other directly
poisonous action? Some early observers said it
had. They found fixation of haemoglobin quite
similar to that of carbon monoxide and accordingly
declared acetylene a poison. Moreover, it
seemed to exercise the action of a direct poison
on animals.
All this happened before the production of
acetylene from carbide. It happens that the
acetylene was made by the incomplete combustion
of coal-gas and that in this process more or less
carbon monoxide was present in the acetylene
obtained. What wonder, then, that there was
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
some degree of toxic action of the acetylene examined!
It contained carbon nionoxide, the poison
of common illuminating gas.
With the discovery of carbide and its use for
the production of acetylene, all of this has been
changed. It is found that carbide acetylene does
not contain carbon monoxide and that it does not
have the property of fixing haemoglobin and that
it does not rob the blood of its capacity to take
uji oxygen from the air and carry it into the
tissues. Hence the old allegation that acetylene
is a poison because it deprives the blood of its
oxygen-carrying capacity is no longer justified.
Another poisonous product sometimes present
in the acetylene made by
THE COMBUSTION PROCESS
was hydro-cyanic acid. Never in large quantities,
it yet is so toxic that we can fully appreciate
its effect. It is not present in the carbide
acetylene and so may be dismissed from
consideration.
Another charge that is no longer justified is
that acetylene is a poison because of the presence
of phosphine as an impurity. This forms
when carbide is made from limestone containing
phosphate, the action of the coke reducing the
phosphate. The selection of limestone free from
phosphate has practically obviated this impurity
and any poisonous action of the acetylene consequent
thereto.
Indeed, the present day product may be said
to avoid the pitfalls of impurities so that its
effect is determined by the action of acetylene
itself. We may consider then whether acetylene
as such is or is not a direct poison.
My present observations have been directed to
the inquiry whether it produced noticeable effect
on human subjects when present in increasing
amounts up to 2% per cent, during a period ot
2% hours. To this end, four men, including myself,
were enclosed in a room of about SOO cubic
feet capacity and at the beginning and four times
subsequently at intervals of a half hour, acetylene
was liberated into the room by throwing
450 grams of carbide into an open tub of water,
this corresponding to the liberation of 4 cubic
feet of acetylene, each time; that is, 20 cubic feet
in all, 2V_ per cent, of the capacity of the room.
To eliminate, as far as possible, the mental
effect of the environment, the subjects were engaged
in playing a game of cards. They were
interrupted only long enough to take readings
of their blood pressures, at half hour intervals.
The results of the experiment were quite negative.
The game was continued through the time.
excepting as noted. The
BLOOD PRESSURE
remained constant with one subject and was very
slightly lowered from the inactivity with two

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and, of course, in the card game two men were
defeated and two won, but there was absolutely
no effect noted that could be ascribed to any
poisonous or other action of the acetylene. It
was without effect.
This same result has been obtained in experi­
ments on animals. In such amounts as used in
the above experiments there is no effect. in­
deed, acetylene may be increased up to 2u per
cent, and, if the mixture is so made as not to
reduce the amount of oxygen, animals may be
left in the atmosphere for some time, an hour or
more, and will only become drowsy, from which
they quickly recover when removed into ordinary
air.
With very large quantities or with 20 per cent.
admixtures acting for a longer time, the degree
of drowsiness is increased. That is to say, the
effect of acetylene in large doses is that of a
narcotic, producing loss of consciousness in proportion
to its degree of action. When this ac­
tion is pushed to a fatal termination, the final
action is upon the breathing center, inhibiting its
action and so producing death.
It thus appears that carbide acetylene is not
poisonous in the sense that common illuminating
gas is and that in large quantities, acting for
some time, it produces a narcotic action. In respect
to its toxicity, it presents no problem of
adjustment under ordinary conditions. It, of
course, may not replace in large degree the at­
mosphere we breathe, but otherwise it need not
be anticipated that it produce any poisonous action.
There are a number of interesting problems
presented in connection with the use of
THE ACETYLENE LAMP
as an illuminant in mines. I do not refer to
those conditions where explosive gases are pres­
ent and where protection from explosions is obtained
through the use of the Davy lamp in
some of its modifications but to that large num­
ber of mines where this danger is not presented
and which are regularly illuminated by the naked
flame. For this purpose, the miner's oil lamp
has been used. It is light in weight but its illuminating
caiiacity is strikingly low and, moreover,
is obtained at the expense of a smoking
out process that is amazing. It is a tribute to
the miner's endurance that in the past he has
accomplished so much under the conditions of
poor illumination and soot-laden atmosphere which
the use of the oil lamp of the past has meant.
The use of the miner's acetylene lamp affords an
illumination that is wonderfully efficient and entirely
soot free. Its use raises some questions
that we may at this time answer. Before considering
these, let us look at some of the problems
which the miner has to face upon which
the choice of an illuminant may have some bear­
ing. Of first importance is the composition of
the air which he breathes.
For our present purpose, we may regard the
atmospheric air as a mixture of 21 parts of
oxygen and 79 parts of inert gas, mostly nitrogen.
It is the oxygen that supports life. The propor­
tion of oxygen may be diminished to a certain
extent without noticeable effect, especially if the
difference is made up by inert nitrogen. Under
these conditions a reduction to 14 per cent, pro­
duces little or no physiological effect. When the
reduction reaches 12 per cent., there is apt to
be slightly deeper breathing, while 10 per cent.
is an amount distinctly below what is physio­
logical. Seven per cent, may be regarded as the
fatal point. It is an amount too small to
SUPPORT THE LIFE
of animal or man for any considerable time.
It must be kept in mind that these figures, 10
per cent, the physiological insufficiency and 7
per cent, the fatal point, are for oxygen with
inert nitrogen, and without the admixture of
poisonous gases.
As you know, there is always present in at­
mospheric air a small amount of carbon dioxide
gas. commonly known as carbonic acid. This
amount is very small, ordinarily not over 5
parts in 10,000. It is a product formed from
the combustion of organic matter and is present
in air that is exhaled from the body in breathing.
As we shall see later, it is also a constituent
of mine gases and so is of particular in­
terest to us. I want to call your attention to
what happens when it is added to the air.
To answer this question I have myself made
direct observations. The apparatus employed was
a closed cabinet, the inside measurements of
which were approximately 67 by 30 by 69 inches,
having a capacity of SO cubic feet. It was provided
with a sliding door. Into the top a pipe
entered and connected with three "sprays," one
in each third of the top. Through this system
gases were introduced. There was a small sample
tube, easily movable, so that gas was withdrawn
from the location desired within the cabinet,
which was connected outside with (a) an ex­
haust bottle for withdrawing residual air from
the tube; and (b) a gas sampling tube. Collec­
tions were made over mercury and analyses were
made over mercury in a Heinpel apparatus. The
cabinet was tightly built, but not sufficiently so
to prevent escape of air sufficient to equalize the
pressure without and within the cabinet when
GAS WAS INTRODUCED.
A movable electric fan within the cabinet was
adapted to produce motion of the air.
When carbon dioxide was mixed with atmospheric
air, it was noted that such mixture pro-

duced an increased rate of respiration, even when
the proportion of carbon dioxide was small. Rabbits
and guinea-pigs showed a marked increase
when as much as 4 to 5 per cent, of carbon dioxide
was present. With increasing proportions respirations
became deep and labored, frequently, as
was observed in guinea-pigs, reaching a condition
of diaphragmatic spasm. Loss of muscular
power developed so that, with guinea-pigs, there
was loss of ability to support the body when the
carbon dioxide proportion reached 20-25 per
cent. These symptoms developed irrespective of
whether lamps were burnt in the same atmosphere.
With rabbits, when lamps were burning,
loss of muscular power appeared with the same
carbon dioxide proportion as with guinea-pigs,
but in the single observation made without lamps,
the loss of power appeared when the carbon dioxide
proportion has reached 36 per cent. There
was no effort made to determine the carbon dioxide
proportions that would produce death, as it
was believed that the proportion producing loss
of muscular power represented the limit of possible
tolerance. It may be noted, however, that
in the experiment carried to a 36 per cent, carbon
dioxide proportion, the rabbit quickly recovered,
two guinea-pigs recovered somewhat
slowly, and one guinea-pig died, when the animals
were removed into fresh air. Thus it appears
that even with guinea-pigs, the fatal carbon
dioxide proportion is not much if any below 30
per cent., while the carbon dioxide warning point
is not above 4 to 5 per cent.
To test the effect of carbon dioxide on man,
10% cubic feet of
CARBON DIOXIDE
were passed into the cabinet, when a young man
entered, the door being opened for that purpose
and quickly closed. After entering, the fan was
started. The rate of respiration at once rose
from 18 to 48. being deeper and labored. He
almost immediately complained of feeling dizzy.
At the end of 2y2 minutes there was a feeling
of impending loss of consciousness. A sample
of the air mixture was at once taken and at the
end of three minutes the man came out. His
respiration quickly returned to normal but his
face was flushed and he complained for several
hours of a slight frontal headache. Analysis of
the sample showed a carbon dioxide proportion
of 7 per cent. The experiment indicated that
with man the warning point is reached below
a carbon dioxide proportion of 7 per cent.
Such experiments as these, both on animals
and man, lead to the following general conclusions
regarding the physiological effects of increasing
proportions of carbon dioxide.
There is increase in the rate of breathing
which with 3 per cent, dioxide has become so
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
marked that it gives unquestioned warning to
the subject that some unusual condition of the
air is rendering it nnsuited for breathing. We
may call this the physiological warning point
for carbon dioxide. When the concentration
reaches 8 to 10 per cent., the breathing is not
only rapid but has become very labored, a condition
termed dyspnea. Beyond 15 per cent., further
concentration instead of increasing respirations
decreases them and the animal becomes
narcotized, quite as though a substance like
chloroform had been administered. At a concentration
beyond 35 per cent, the narcosis becomes
fatal.
I have gone into these matters of the influence
on breathing and on life of
OXYGEN DECREASE
and of carbon dioxide increase because these arc
conditions that may be presented by the air in
mines. Moreover, the oil lamp has been used
to indicate to the miner whether or not the mine
is fit to breathe, air that sustains the flames
being regarded as safe and air that extinguishes
the flame as unsafe to breathe.
The disadvantages of the oil lamp are all too
apparent. Its dingy light limits the working
capacity of the miner from the poor illumination.
Aside from working capacity, the miner is not so
well able to see the elements of danger presented
by weakness in overhanging structures. An even
greater disadvantage is the production of soot
by the flame. This both adds to the personal discomfort
already great and also to the danger of
dust explosions by addition of the soot to the
dust-laden atmosphere.
These conditions render an illuminant that is
brilliant and soot free a very great advantage.
The acetylene miner's lamp supplies such an
illuminant in an admirable manner. In connection
with its use it is desirable to determine the
relation to composition of mine air, so that the
miner may know in what way and to what extent
it replaces the oil lamp as an index of safety.
That is to say, we have here a problem of adjustment
to which it is important to give a correct
and definite answer.
First, then, let us consider the variations in
composition that may be presented by mine air.
Because of the limitations of access of outside
air and especially because of the formation of
gases in mines, mine air may present a considerable
departure from the composition of outside
air.
All ordinary foreign gases were known to the
early miners as "damps," from the German dampf,
meaning vapor, the
SPECIFIC DESIGNATION
being indicated by an individual prefix. Thus.
the gas characterized by its tendency to extin-

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
guish the flame was called black-damp, or, since
it tends to produce suffocation, choke-damp; the
damp producing increased brilliancy of light,
white-damp; 1 hat with a marked stink, stink-
damp; that which readily took fire, tire-damp;
the gas resulting from burning or explosions,
after-damp, etc. These names were applied long
before the com position of the respective gases
was known. In consequence of the indefinite
basis of the classification, an individual name was
in many instances applied to mixtures that pre­
sented wide variation in composition.
Black-damp, on chemical analysis, has ordinarily
proved to be a mixture of carbon dioxide
and nitrogen, the proportion of carbon dioxide
varying from very little up to 15 per cent, or
perhaps exceptionally 20 per cent. As it is always
mixed with more or less air, a corresponding
amount of oxygen is present. Other gases,
such as methane (fire-damp), carbonic oxide
( white-damp ), hydrogen-sulphide I stink-damp I,
also water vapor, may be present in greater or
less amount.
We may well ask, then, what the name blackdamp
indicates. Does it mean carbon dioxide.
which is the characteristic constitutent; does it
mean the carbon dioxidi- nitrogen mixture; is it
the carbon dioxide nitrogen air mixture; or is
it the combination of any of these with other
gases that are present in the mine air? Unfortunately,
there has been no unanimity of usage
in regard to this term, it having been used by
different writers in almost every one of the above
possible meanings.
If we were to establish anew the definition of
the term, it would be doubtless wise to adopt a
scientific meaning. As the matter stands, our
meaning should be decided by priority, which is
that black-damp is not simply carbon dioxide
but
RATHER A MIXTURE
of that with nitrogen in varying proportions, but
we must not forget the different usages of individual
authors.
Our problem is: How does the admixture of
black-damp modify the respirability of mine air
and how is this indicated by the oil and acetylene
flames? It requires no facts other than
those now before us to appreciate that it affects
respirability in two ways. It diminishes the
proportion of oxygen which if reduced to 10 per
cent, would be unphysiological and to 7 per cent.
fatal; and it increases carbon dioxide which when
present to the amount of 3 to 4 per cent, would
produce marked increase in the rate of breathing.
As to when the change in comiiosition, especially
the carbon dioxide increase, is indicated
by the particular flames, has been the subject
of personal experimental observations. The cabi­
net employed in the experiment with man pre­
viously described was used. In the earlier ex­
periments with carbon dioxide, this gas was fed
into the cabinet without previous admixture with
air; in the later ones both air and carbon dioxide
were fed into the cabinet through meters, enter­
ing the cabinet through a common tube. Thus
they were well-mixed and the rate of flow of each
was regulated.
Early experiments indicated that various factors
influenced the extinction point, both for the
oil and acetylene lamp. Let me relate what
these factors were and how they exercised their
influence. .
From the outset it was observed that the pressure
under which the acetylene gas was fed
through the burner exercised a marked influence
upon the extinction point. That is to say, with
a series of lamps in which the acetylene gas
pressure varied as indicated by the
CHARACTER ol THE FLAME,
it was not difficult in a mixture of increasing
carbon dioxide proportion to foretell the order in
which the lamps would be extinguished, the
lamps with higher acetylene gas pressure going
out first. Indeed, it was frequently observed where
the escape of gas from the burner was under such
slight pressure as not to give direction to the
llame that the extinction point would be very
much higher than was observed with the ordi­
nary burning flame. Care was therefore exercised
to make our observations on lamps in which
the gas production showed a normal amount of
pressure.
When there was no movement of air, excepting
such as resulted from the convection currents
produced by the lamps and by the introduction
of the gas mixture, the extinction points were:
for the acetylene lamps, 23 to 25% carbon dioxide;
for the oil lamps, 12-14% carbon dioxide.
With the production of a gentle movement of the
air by fanning against the side of the cabinet,
the extinction points were appreciably affected,
being lowered in the ease of acetylene lamps to
from 22 to 17% carbon dioxide; in the case of
oil-lamps to from 12-10% carbon dioxide.
With the production of a strong movement of
the air. by direct fanning of the lamps, in two
experiments, the acetylene lamps were extinguished
when the air contained 9.4% and 9.9% carbon
dioxide, respectively, while the
OIL-LAMPS WERE EXTINGUISHED
by the same breeze in atmospheric air.
The movements of the lamps worn on the
heads of the miners would produce, in quiet air,
the effects that result from a breeze with the lamps
stationary. We may conclude, therefore, that in
the case of the acetylene lamp the extinction

point is lower than 25%,. in proportion to the
rapidity of motion; and with the oil-lamps, correspondingly
lower than 14%.
In the experiments mentioned, the oxygen was
reduced only moderately by the admixture with
air of the carbon dioxide in the form of pure gas.
Undoubtedly, such reduction tends to lower the
carbon dioxide extinction point. The effect, however,
is only moderate, since the oxygen in all
experiments was distinctly more than would sustain
the flame if the specific effect of the carbon
dioxide were neglected.
With the admixture of carbon dioxide in the
form of black-damp, however, the question of the
oxygen proportion becomes an important factor
for consideration. In these preliminary investigations,
we were not able to study the effect of
black-damp, since with the use of so large a
cabinet, the quantity of nitrogen required would
be much greater than it was practical to obtain.
In a number of experiments, water vapor was
introduced into the gas mixture by blowing over
the surface of water within the cabinet. In this
way, the humidity was raised from approximately
35 to 65—80. Any effect upon
FLAME EXTIXCTIOX
by carbon dioxide that may have resulted was
within the limtis of variation from the other
factors considered. The conclusion is therefore
reached that humidity affects the proportion of
carbon dioxide, producing flame extinction only
within relatively narrow limits.
Comparing now the effects of carbon dioxide
increase on flame extincition and respiration, we
note that the first effect is a physiological one,
when the proportion reach 3 to 4%, there being
an increase in the respiratory rate that is entirely
adequate to warn persons of the atmospheric
condition. Flame extinction occurs with oil at
13% and acetylene at 26% in still atmosphere,
but at 10% and 17% with moderate motion. With
either lamp the extinction point is too high above
the physiological warning point to make it of
value to the miner. The conditions will have
been recognized before the extinction point is
reached. Should, however, the physiological
warning be unheeded, flame extinction will occur,
first with the oil and then with the acetylene
flame, with either in ample time to prevent loss
of life. The margin of safety though greater with
the oil-lamp is adequate with the acetylene.
In considering the influence of oxygen decrease
on flame extinction. I shall make use of observations
made by Mr. Chester S. Heath, under experimental
conditions different from those I have
described.
He finds with the oil-flame that with moderate
motion extinction occurs when the oxygen is reduced
to 16.5%; in still air to 16.2%. With acety­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
lene, with moderate motion, extinction occurred
at 12.6% and was dimmed in still
All! (IE THE SAME ((IMPOSITION,
being extinguished in still air at 11.5%. It thus
appears that the oil-flame is extinguished with
considerably less reduction of oxygen than the
acetylene but that the latter is extinguished before
the reduction is fatal to man which it will
be recalled was at 7%- Moreover, in actual mining
conditions, where the lamp is worn on the
head, there will be sufficient motion; so that
extinction will occur at a point somewhere above
that observed with the experimental conditions.
Finally it is not to be forgotten that the condition
of extreme oxygen reduction without carbon
dioxide increase which was present in the
experimental observations is not encountered in
actual mine air. The specific action of carbon
dioxide admixture that will be found in such conditions
will add to its effect to the oxygen decrease
and bring about acetylene flame extinction
that is still further removed from unphysiological
atmospheric conditions and hence afford an increased
margin of safety.
The miner, then, may conclude that a given
admixture of black-damp and air in the absence
of other foreign gases will support life: (1)
If it does not extinguish flame. (2) If it does
not produce markedly increased respiration. Any
such atmosphere that does not give these warnings
is respirable, though it does not necessarily have
a composition desirable for continuous respiration.
It does, however, give warning either physiological
or by the flame, acetylene as well as
oil, that is adequate to prevent loss of life.
UTAH PRODUCTION FOR 1913*
Utah Fuel Co
Independence Coal & Coke Co.
Consolidated Fuel Co
Castle Valley Coal Co
Black Hawk Coal Co
Spring Canyon Coal Co
Rees-Grass Creek Coal Co....
Weber Coal Co
1913
Tons
1,749,664
402,952
395,185
252,359
176,349
116.977
56,163
50,266
22,879
16,701
10,000
9,019
1912
Tons
1,952,114
397,272
319,777
210,395
66,976
2,000
58,954
24,664
22,406
Panther Coal Co
16 companies producing less
less than 5,000 tons 15,751 13,175
6 companies not appearing
on 1913 report 15,633
Totals 3,274,265 3,083,366
•Compiled Irom statistics furnished by State Mine Inspector
J. E. Pettit.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
O'Gara Coal Co
Superior Coal Co
Bunsen Coal Co
Peabody Coal Co
Consolidated Coal Co
Madison Coal Corporation.
Big Muddy Coal & Iron Co.
Chicago, Wilmington & Ver­
ILLINOIS PRODUCTION BY COMPANIES FOR A YEAR*
Saline County Coal Co 1
Springfield Coal Mining Co.. .
Illinois Midland Coal Co
St. Louis & O'Fallon Coal Co.
Douk Bros. Coal Co
New Staunton Coal Co
United Coal Mining Co
Dering Coal Co
St. Paul Coal Co
W. P. Rend Coal Co
Big Creek Coal Co
Mt. Olive & Staunton Coal Co.
Ohio Valley Mining Co
La Salle County Carterville
Coal Co
Zeigler District Colliery Co..
Southern Illinois Coal & Coke
Co
Bell-Zoller Coal Co
Shoal Creek Coal Co
Centralia Coal Co
Willis Coal & Mining Co
Lesser Coal Co
Chicago & Carterville Coal Co.
Lumaghi Coal Co
Johnson City Coal Co
Prairie Coal Co
Taylor Coal Co
Benton Coal Co
Breese Trenton Coal Co
Royal Colliery Co
Alden Coal Co
Mart Williams Coal Co
Jones & Adams Coal Co
Marion County Coal Co
Black Diamond Coal Co. (Auburn
)
Wasson Coal Co
Sunnyside Coal Co
Girard Coal Co
*Kor Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1913.
Annua! Report of State Minine* Board.
1913
Tons
2,690,759
2,4S6,343
2,266,626
2,122,566
2,061,545
1,972,547
1,115,315
877,915
866,842
858,126
848,715
846,305
807,781
787,939
694,466
678,244
662,991
616,531
612,821
603,187
595,663
568,844
542,473
515,65(1
513,648
471,408
467,094
457,949
439,868
420,363
406,284
406,275
397,759
395,652
392,057
391,119
390,952
390,1(16
368,907
357,949
355,730
353,002
1912
Tons
2,461,017
2,303,531
1,802,144
929,483
1,773,550
1,697,976
1,214,920
million Coal Co
Southern Coal, Coke & Mining
1 078,770 1,087,720
Co 1 ,072,862 1,018,206
Spring Valiey Coal Co 1 ,030,883 1,048,699
,019,662 839,216
889,072 853,279
648,271
693,414
815,837
737,632
594,14S
1,171,248
041,994
558.379
472,173
SI 7,726
197.773
027,772
475.386
468,073
423,687
407,025
587,227
411,320
424,449
604,954
329,811
540,236
325,680
336,413
382,465
507,277
362,815
351,661
332,350
472,380
357,648
353,970
259,421
342,383
263,512
Compiled from the
Hillsboro Coai Co
Christian County Coal Co.. . .
Woodside Coal Co
Franklin Coal & Coke Co....
Kolb Coal Co
Joseph Taylor Coal Co
Star Coal Co
B. F. Berry Coal Co
Western Coal Mining Co
Toluca Coal Co
Chicago & Sandoval Coal Co.
Coal Valley Mining Co
Security Coal Mining Co....
Eldorado Coal Mining Co....
Carterville Coal Co
Illinois Third Vein Coal Co..
Clark Coal & Coke Co
West Virginia Coal Co
Glenridge Coal Co
Paradise Coal Co
Stonington Coal Co
North Breese Coal & Mining
Co
De Camp Coal Mining Co....
Maplewood Coal Co
Chicago & Springfield Coal Co.
Majestic Coal & Coke Co....
Monmouth Coal Mining Co..
Vivian Collieries Co
Carterville & Herrin Coal Co.
Pana Coal Co
Oglesby Coal Co
Big Muddy Fuel Co
Illinois Hocking Washed Coal
Co
Latham Mining Co
Penwell Coal Mining Co
Standard Colliery Co
Odin Coal Co
Hafer Washed Coal Co
Cantrall Co-operative Coal Co.
Chicago & Big Muddy Coal Co.
Kerns Donnewald Coal Co.
Sangamon Coal Co
Capitol Coal Co
Canton Coal Co
Missouri & Illinois Coal Co..
Wolschlag Co-operative Coal
Co
Matthiesen & Hegeler Zinc Co.
Ritchey Coal Co
Duquoin Operating Co
Cora Coal Co
Marquette Third Vein Coal
Co
351,723
341,112
333,566
331,807
329,614
328,813
326,174
301,301
294,351
290,523
286,182
276,957
275,674
272,512
266,107
261,685
249,983
244,154
242,122
241,483
239,938
235,096
232,974
229,742
224,646
215,730
215,318
209,213
207,728
204,720
204,222
201,543
201,250
197,690
197,627
197,589
197,058
191,940
190,226
186,837
1S5.092
175,356
175,266
169,474
165,866
164,570
158,940
158,852
158,704
158,105
293,619
302,278
269,354
212,112
236,666
360,591
333,836
302,906
332,693
257,473
244,895
217,417
130,575
231,966
218,418
238,549
253,414
192,357
212,096
173,789
175,516
163,726
S7,349
389,480
199,478
176,038
206,430
226,500
125,531
227,235
205,737
179.381
227,586
190,104
149,666
167,138
200,137
187,070
204,392
122,584
197,301
222,792
158,817
215,170
87,841
141,090
92,612
169,416
179,609
155,609 148,475

Simmons Coal Co
St. Louis & Carterville Coal
Co
Crescent Coal Co. (Peoria)..
Williamson County Coal Co..
Muddy Valley Mining Co....
Tazewell Coal Co
Eagle Mining Co
Tower Hill Coal Co
Brewster & Evans Coal Co..
Pocahontas Mining Co
Norris Coal Mining Co
Citizens Coal Mining Co.
( Springfield)
West End Coal Co
Silver Creek Collieries Co...
Pond Creek Coal Co
Dickerson Coal Co
Tuxhorn Coal Co
Suburban Coal Mining Co.. . .
Roanoke Coal Co
Decatur Coal Co
Electric Coal Co.
Wabash Coal Co
Wenona Coal Co
Danville Colliery Co
Scranton & Big Muddy Mining
Co
Auburn & Alton Coal Co
Carroll & Franklin Counties
Coal Co
Lefton Coal Co
Lincoln Mining Co
Lovington Coal Mining Co...
Manufacturers & Consumers
Coal Co
Jones Bros. Coal & Mining Co.
Williamsville Coal Co
Smith-Lohr Coal Mining Co..
Springfield Co-operative Coal
Co
Carterville & Big Muddy Coal
Co
Citizens Coal Mining Co. Lincoln
)
Newsam Bros
Mulberry Hill Coal Co
Donally & Koenecke Coal Co.
Northern Coal & Supply Co..
Barclay Coal Co
Spring Creek Coal Co
National Coal Mining Co....
Gus Blair Big Muddy Coal Co.
Wilmington Star Mining Co.
Peoria District Colliery Co..
Clover Leaf Coal Mining Co.
Missionfields Coal Co
Wilmington Coal Mining &
Manufacturing Co
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
153,655
151,247
149.153
148,794
14S.724
148.294
147,188
145,756
139,893
139.783
139,253
135,253
132.164
128,367
126,867
126,270
125,911
121,137
120,868
118,407
116,428
115,586
115,028
112,738
112.699
112,554
111,902
111.025
108,672
105,280
104,465
103,509
100,999
100,303
9S.430
94,978
94,456
94,147
93,098
92,630
92,216
91,584
90,992
90,117
88,913
88,400
83,613
S3.516
S2.449
120,403
114,866
195,788
125.523
173,242
126,200
132,300
61,409
49.940
131,527
156,331
210,683
119,201
48,335
158,089
74,863
88,006
151,603
122,552
111,012
201,857
173,742
121,100
115.170
70.2U2
127,924
99,540
112,64S
91,000
54,162
11 7,573
138,989
118,941
134,885
115,300
110.015
108,233
40,440
71,734
51,653
81,658
75,453
73,471
88,173
157,522
109,648
134,247
6,314
SI,659 102,062
Wilson Bros. Coal Co 78,306
Carlinville Coal Co 77,79(1
Harrison Coal Co 77,028
Illinois Fuel Co 75,600
McLean County Coal Co 75,3(15
'P. J. O'Gara Coal Co 74.527
Moffatt Coal Co 74,31s
Assumption Coal & .Mining
Co 73,883
Contract Mining Co 72,895
Big Four Wilmington Coal Co. 70,817
West Frankfort Coal Co 09,045
Loran Coal Co 68,001)
Murphy, Luiskey & Kasher.. 07,0.82
Gartside Coal Co 66,326
Watson Coal Co (Hi,230
Acme Coal Co 05,839
Jones Bros. Coal Co 63,853
W. S. Walker 63,000
Mission Mining Co 02,240
St. Louis & Coultersville Coal
Co 01.4U1
Illinois Zinc Co 60,058
Minonk Coal Co 58,627
Eldnar Coal Co 57,290
Blue Mound Coal Mining Co. 56,860
Lincoln Park Coal Co 55,599
Bessemer Coal & Mining Co.. 54,618
Groveland Coal Co 54,384
Borders Coal Mining Co 53,744
Summit Coal & Mining Co.. 52,795
545 comiianies producing less
than 50,00(1 tons each 2,971,917
143 comiianies not appearing
in 1913 report
Grand Totals 01.840,204
COAL IN WASHINGTON IN 1913.
112,312
76,939
74,06s
97,51 IS
77,153
121.344
89,904
75,205
70,910
247,284
1 1,4(11
51,503
71,781
08.977
1(19,70(1
56,314
15,1(111
53,248
37.192
75,585
01,344
2,147
42,441
59,880
77.604
7,754
04,218
40,532
3,237,909
2,098,104
57.514,240
James Bagley, state inspector of coal mines of
the state of Washington has compiled a statistical
report of coal operations in that state during the
past year. The total production of coal during
1913 was 3,823,837 short tons, as compared with
3,346,940 short tons produced during 1912, or an
increase of 476,901 short tons. There were 75,732
tons of coke produced during 1913, as compared
with 48,889 tons produced during 1912, or an increase
of 26,843 tons.
The total number of men employed at the mines
during 1913 w-as 0.005, as compared with 5,073
employed during 1912, or an increase of 392 men.
There were 22 fatal accidents during 1913 and
173,811 tons of coal mined per fatal accident, as
compared with 14 fatal accidents during 1913, and
239,068 tons of coal mined per fatal accident, or
an increase of 57.1 per cent, in the fatal accidents.

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
FOURTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 1,700,235
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 984,692
Midvalley Coal Co 304,807
Girard Mammoth Coal Co 212,756
XV. R. McTurk Coal Co 90,266
Harleigh Brookwood Coal Co 24,907
Beaver Valley Coal Co 6 025
T "fal 3,329,748
FIFTEENTH ANTHRA! HE DISTRICT.
JAMES A. O'DONNELL. Inspector.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 1,136,269
Mineral Railroad & Mining Co 1,046,259
Colonial Collieries Co 267,725
Greenough Red Ash Coal Co 265,578
Enterprise Coal Co 173,682
Total 2,889,513
B. I. EVANS. Inspector.
SIXTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
IN 1913 BY DISTRICTS. Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 1,457,742
ELEVENTH ANTHRACITE
(',. B. Markle Co
Lehigh Valley Coal Co
Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc
Pardee Bros. & Co., Inc
DISTRICT.
Mineral Railroad & Mining Co
Excelsior Coal Co
1,451.311
Shipman Koal Co
1,064,952
Buck Ridge Coal Mining Co
935,710
Trevorton Colliery Co
637,510
951,981
226,784
174,130
115,267
112,162
A. Pardee & Co
C. M. Dodson & Co
Harwood Coal Co
586,597
393,325
176,394
Total 3,038,066
P. J. FRIEL, Inspector.
Upper Lehigh Coal Co
J. S. Wentz & Co
HarMgh Brookwood Coal Co
M. S. Kemmerer & Co
Hazle Mountain Coal Co
Wolf Coal Co
Thos. R. Reese & Son
171.51 u
FIFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
142,260
H. C. Frick Coke Co
109,963
Oliver & Snyder Steel Co
9S.931
W. J. Rainey
97,18s
Lincoln Coal & Coke Co
i;,505
Atlas Coke Co
3,557
Waltersburg Coke Co
3,992,413
924,129
696,533
404,500
2(14,434
157,290
Total 5,875,770
fnited Connellsville Coal & Coke Co
Evans Coal & Coke Co
125,269
85,968
DAVID J. RODEKICK, Inspector. Stewart Iron Co., Ltd 83,124
Rich Hill Coke Co 79,579
THIRTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 1,749,701
Susquehanna Coal Co 327,052
Thomas Colliery Co 288,110
Harleigh-Brookwood Coal Co 173,778
Cambridge Coal Co 78,724
H. H. Smith & Co 69,705
Oxford Coal Co 20 350
Locust Mountain Coal Co 2.500
Brownfield Connellsville Coke Co
Olive Coal Co
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co
Cheat Haven Coal & Coke Co
Penn Coke Co
Smithfield Coal & Coke Co
Southern Connellsville Coke Co
H. R. Sackett Coal & Coke Co
Hogsett Coal & Coke Co
Republic Iron & Steel Co
01.000
35,748
33,078
29,180
29,000
24,200
23,370
14,700
12.900
12,378
Total 2,709,920
Ada Coke Co
John A. Wheyl & Son
11,998
11,850
A. B. LAMB, Inspector. Johnson Fuel Co 0,960
Fancy Hill Coal Works 3,165
Total 7,062,826
THIRTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
I. G. ROBY, Inspector.
Monongahela River Con. Coal & Coke Co. 2,290,468
United Coal Co 677,192
Diamond Coal & Coke Co 523,899
Blaine Coal Co 506,269
Pittsburgh Coal Co 228,539
George w. Gumbert 75,539
Joseph L. Pearce 42 113
B. S. Hammeli Coal Co 14,870
Total 4,358.889
TWENTY-FIRST BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
WILLIAM LANGAN, Inspector.
Vesta Coal Co 2,902,326
Monongahela River Con. Coal & Coke Co. 1,725,429
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co 624 JOO
Diamond Coal & Coke Co 322 895

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
A GLIMPSE BACK AT FEBRUARY
Ireland depicts February activities and events for W. A. Gosline & Co., ol Toledo,
in ttipir lVTarrh rarfi In ttip IraHp ^hn rprtainlv \*/_e _ tinen 1 i i. 1 _. ..,,.-. *.f + _-

49 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
! c 237,099 Mine workers of sub-district No. 4, Ohio, have
wLnerteonard'coalCo.^:^^^ 1-2^773 elected these officers: President. John Saxton.
Crucible Coal Co 120,126 Salineville: vice-president, John M. Paplo, Berg-
Chas W Braznell ' 1 ir '* 642 holz; secretary-treasurer, XV. A. Savage, Amster-
P s.emir Coke Co 109,324 dam; executive board, John Crumley and rFank
Rices Landing Coal '&'Coke Co 50.780 Sutton, Amsterdam; Fred Tolison and James
Reliance Coke Co 30.510 Starkey and J. M. Allintz, Salineville.
Fredericktown Coal & Coke Co 2,904 Secretary-Treasurer Duncan McDonald, of the
Lilley Coal & Coke Co 1 -931 [iijnois Mine Workers, clashed with the other
[ 7T.I" officers of the organization March 0, when he
Total 0,4.i0,S.>1 demande(i that the proposition of loaning the
C. P. Byrne, Inspector. ^ ^ Qf Colorafln $150,000 be referred back to
the membership for a referendum vote.
TWENTY-SIXTH iiiTU-Mixous DISTRICT. Illinois I'nited Mine Workers at their conven-
Pittsburgh Coal Co 2,326,138 fion went on record as opposed to the National
National Mining Co 980,963 Buard, in favor of having a paper of their own,
Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co 546,503 an(] abandoning a district wage settlement until
Meadow Lands Coal Co 541,744 the (-entral competitive conference agrees on a
United Coal Co 420,471 basK. KagP scale.
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co 411,432 ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ Qf Deputie_ ,_ _t p_egent
McClane Mining Co 160,000 ^ ^ & ^ __ t a bj i s h i n g _ fuud £or minerg.
Pryor Coal Co 106 179 l' ensiolls which has been returned to the Chamber
Avella Coal Co ....... • trom the Senate. The bill assures at once a
Pittsburgh & Southwestern Coal (o... 102,200 Pstlmatpd at between 600 and 700 francs
John M. Greek & Co.. 48,581
Waverly Coal & Coke Co 33,000
McClane Coal Co 23,193
Miscellaneous Companies 19,430 DECREASE IN NUMBER OF FATAL
ACCIDENTS IN WEST VIRGINIA MINES.
Tofal The number of fatal accidents reported at the
P. J. CALLAGHAN, Inspector. _ffic_ ||f Kay] A HellrVi cnief of the state
_ _ _ _ ^ - „ „ ~ ~ ~ — — — — — — — - Department of Mines of West Virginia, for the
ji LABOR NOTES I month of February, shows a decrease that is
_JjL____________^_^_-_-_,^_„„--,~~„~~~~~—iL most gratifying. Of the 23 deaths reported as
Unofficial returns of the election of officers of having occurred at the mines during the month
a total o£ 22
District No. 8, United Mine Workers (Indiana °^ took l" ace in Jan " a "'- leavm «
.. , „, „ „ „f D,.0.;i T^ri for the month recently ended. Of these two oc-
Block) show* that Thomas Powell, of Brazil, lnd., ,,_,_. ^
T _, t i,„-„„ „;„_ curred from explosions at a considerable distance
was elected president; James Foster, chosen vice ,,,.__••.
president, and Edney Buck, of Carbon, secretary- *">__ the mines, but were included in the Detreasurer
The international board membership Partment s report. Compared with the record o
, ,^ i 4.%. «_!-i „„,,„.• ....ii K_ ,,or. 38 deaths for the month previous, and that of
is vet in doubt and the official count will be nec-
, ., 33 for February, 1913, the department has every
essary to decide.
Judge John C. Haymaker, of Pittsburgh, apreason
to be encouraged over the report tor the
Past month.
pointed Alexander Waugh, a miner, as a member A classification shows that of the 23 fatal acof
the examining board to pass upon the applica- cidents, four occurred on the outside and 19 on
tions for certificates for mine foreman, assistant the inside of the mines, while death came to nine
mine foreman and fire boss, in the Seventeenth from falls of slate and coal, six from car and
Bituminous District of Pennsylvania. He sue- motor accidents, two from electricity, two from
ceeds Robert H. Heath, resigned. explosions, two from falls in the shaft, one from
machinery and one from the kick of a mule. And
The biennial convention of the Miners of the the usual percentage was due to the disregard
Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas district, No. 21, referred
a resolution to assess the members 10 cents
of warnings and orders.
per month for the support of the striking Michi- T. Riley Huffman and George E. Rice, of
gan copper miners, to a referendum vote of the Waynesburg, Pa., have sold to the Bixler Ohio
district. The convention will meet in Ft. Smith, Coal Co., 500 acres of coal in Belmont county,
Ark., in 1910. Ohio, for $37,500.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
PROBLEMS IN MINING WEST KENTUCKY COAL*
By Newell G. Allord. Assistant Engineer St. Bernard Mining Company. Earlington. Ky.
The average man of practice will admit that,
even at its best, mining coal demands a high
grade of ingenuity on the part of managers and
engineers. Managers and engineers can readily
recall the instances when they thought they saw
their string's end as to the solution of a certain
coal mining problem. But just as the darkest
hour of night precedes the dawn of day, so are
these moments of unexpressed anxiety transformed
into those of relief. It only requires a
given length of time including a given number
of "problems" until the manager or engineer becomes
imbued with a profound faith in the old
belief that "everything comes out all right."
Even at the muleless, trackless, motorless mines
of Kansas, where the coal is stripped with a
dinky engine and a derrick, problems exist. So
taking all in all, the western coalfield of Kentucky
loses nothing through its need for solutions
to the problems of moment which surround
it.
Before entering a discussion of the problems,
it is best to scan the latest available report of
the Kentucky mine inspector and the government
Geological Survey's "Production of Coal in 1912."
In these reports it is estimated that the total
acreage of the state underlaid by available coal
measures, is approximately 16,670 square miles,
of which the western Kentucky coalfield embraces
38.3 per cent. We also find that Kentucky's coal
production is 1912 was, in round numbers, 16,491,-
000 tons—47.7 per cent, of which was produced
in the western field.
In connection with this 47.7 per cent., which
amounts to slightly less than 8,000,000 tons, it is
INTERESTING TO NOTE
that this tonnage was produced by 120 mines,
operated by 98 companies. A detailed classification
of the just mentioned mines and their outputs
has been arranged by the writer.
Of the 120 mines:
21 per cent, produced less than 10,000 tons.
51 per cent, produced less than 60,000 tons.
23 per cent, produced more than 100,000 tons.
2 companies operating IS mines produced
2,750,000 tons.
The most important problems in the western
Kentucky field, discussed in this paper, are dealt
with in the following order:
1. Robbing pillars.
2. Air passing through old works.
3. Ignition of No. 11 coal in old workings.
4. Prevention of oxidation.
•Presented by the Kentucky Mining Institute. Lexington,
Kentucky, Dec. 8. 1913.
5. Coal dust.
0. Shooting off the solid.
7. Fatalities.
S. Roof.
9. Wastes.
10. Pond sites.
11. Competition.
The workable measures in the western Kentucky
field, under the present development, are
with but few exceptions No. 9 and No. 11 as
identified by the Kentucky State Geological survey.
Being more consistent in occurrence, No. 9
supplies about three-fourths of the total output
of the field. This seam which is present in eight
counties, according to investigations to date, averages
5 feet in thickness. While this bed is most
generally
APPIiOACHED ISY SHAFTS
300 feet or less in depth, there are depressions
in some vicinities which make entrance possible
by slope or drift.
Seam No. 11, which lies from 40 to 100 feet
above No. 9, is the bed next in importance in
this field. It averages 6 feet in thickness.
Without a single exception the mines of western
Kentucky are developed by the room and
pillar method, with double or triple entries. The
triple entry system is used only in the larger
mines where the motor partings are projected
in the central entry; the side entries are used
for mule haulage and ventilation respectively.
This not only facilitates ventilation, but permits
of the motor parting being located nearer the
working rooms, thus reducing the mule haulage.
On the other hand, this efficiency is accompanied
by the additional cost of driving an extra entry.
Robbing pillars in working No. 11 coal is particularly
hazardous and impractical because of
the heavy, solid character of the limestone overlaying
it. In the first place, No. 11 coal is the
most friable of the western Kentucky coals and
crushing results where insufficient pillars have
been left. Another result obtaining from insufficient
pillars is the settling of the pillars under
pressure with the consequent heaving of the soft
fire clay bottom.
In some of the mines in this field, old works
are used as air courses. Gases generated by gob
and shale piles, are absorbed and carried along
by the air current.
The difficulties arising from this practice indicate
that it should be avoided in all cases. The
numerous
WOOOEN BItATTICES
to be maintained make it impossible to prevent

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
large leakages in the current. In addition to
(his, tremendous friction resulting from the
enormous rubbing surface encountered necessitates
an unnecessary increase in the horse power
of the ventilating equipment.
An instance is referred to, in the territory
under discussion, where within the last few
years an old mine was abandoned. The intake
air was delivered by way of a long circuitous
route through old works to the working faces.
Owing to the long distance which the air had to
travel, it finally reached the faces so permeated
with impurities as to render the condition serious.
This condition was one of the contributing factors
which resulted in the closing of the mine.
Seams No. 9 and Xo. 1 I with their accompany­
ing shales and gob, are highly charged with iron
pyrites. That pyrites is subject to oxidation is
an established fact. The atmosphoric oxidation of
the iron pyrites in the pillars of the old works
accounts for the generation of considerable heat.
slow as the process may be.
It is also believed that the energy expended
in crushing pillars of insufficient cubic content,
by the overlaying strata is transformed into heat
which promotes a rise in temperature.
The consequent expanding of the coal produces
crevasses which in turn augment further oxidation.
Gradually the condition develops. Smoke
is followed by a smoldering fire, the gob ignites
and falls. This is followed by the ignition of
No. 12 coal, where the intermediate stratum of
LIMESTONE IS ABSENT.
This last development obtains in such cases
where the fire has gained sufficient headway.
The prevention of such fires as just described
presents an interesting problem, which is solved
by western Kentucky operators in one or both
of the following ways:
First: By sealing of the works liable to such
action.
Second: By increasing the quantity of circu­
lating air.
The pursuance of the first method is a popular
one because it not only prevents spontaneous ignition,
but avoids the impregnation of the circulating
air with the gob or shale gases. Since
this method can best be worked out by sealing
u |i an entire block of old workings after their
abandonment, it has created a tendency on the
part of the largest operator in the field to adopt.
the panel system in working No. 11 coal. To
brattice oft the old works largely excludes the
oxygen necessary to the oxidation of the iron
pyrites.
The second scheme is important because con­
ditions arise where it is impossible to follow the
sealing method. Here the end is accomplished
through reducing the temperature of the air in
contact with the pillars, by increasing the quantity
of the circulation and thus preventing the
development of heat.
In the workings where there is a scarcity of
mine water, the accumulation of coal dust is, in
most cases, given strict attention by the various
managements. In keeping with the usual prac­
tice, coal dust is cleaned up at intervals and
hauled from the mines. Sprinkling is also in
prevalent usage in this connection. Humidifica-
tion of the
INTAKE AH!
in the winter months has been universally adopted
by the larger operators.
Because of the dangers attending the solid
shooting of coal. Chief Inspector Norwood, has
repeatedly discouraged this practice. Twenty-two
years ago, or to be more exact, in his report of
1891, he comments in part, as follows:
"Shooting off the solid is less common now
than was the case a few years ago, when the
prevalence of this performance invited warning
against it from this office. Coal dust is now*
(speaking of 1891) generally admitted, by those
who have studied the question, to be almost as
dangerous as fire damp. An explosion may occur
in any dusty mine and the probability of one
exists where shooting off the solid is practiced."
This bit of past history is given by way of indicating
the commendable manner in which Ken­
tucky's mine inspection department has espoused
the adoption of safe and sane mining methods,
thus occupying a conspicuous place among the
highly efficient inspection departments of the lead­
ing coal producing states.
Thus almost two decades prior to the scientific
investigation and experiments conducted to prove
that coal dust was an explosive agent, the chief
inspector of Kentucky together with other ad­
vanced thinkers, promulgated the dangers attendant
upon the presence of coal dust in our mines.
In connection with the solid shooting of coal,
it is worthy of note that the machine mined coal
in western Kentucky was 26 per cent, of the field's
out put in 1S95. In 1911 the
(HAL MINED BY MACHINES
was 79 per cent, of the field's output—an increase
in 10 years of 53 per cent. Hopkins county, the
largest producing county of the state, produced
2,550,000 tons in 1912, 99 per cent, of which was
undercut by mining machines.
It is to the credit of the mine inspectors and
the various mine managers alike, that the last
available inspector's report shows an unprecedented
increase in the amount of coal mined per fatal
accident. In 1910 there were 159,033 tons of coal
won from the various seams for each life lost.
In 1911, the production per fatality was 790,222
tons.

When unsupported, the roof of the working
places in the No. 9 seam presents a great hazard
to the life of the workman. Only by careful in­
spection and thorough propping can accident be
avoided. As the workings approach the crop lines
the liability of accident becomes even greater,
the black slate cover here shows marked ten­
dencies toward disintegration.
In No. 11 seams, the gob roof between the coal
and the limestone, is even more hazardous than
the slate roof of No. 9. After the coal has been
shot down, the gob will overhang the working
places in thicknesses varying from 4 to 30 inches.
Being exceedingly treacherous, it will work down­
ward from the limestone cover without warning
and fall with a thunderous crash on whatever
happens to be below.
It is customary with one of the largest opera­
tors to work pick miners in entries where the
CHAHACTER (It THE KOOI
is such as to necessitate propping, too close for
the operation of coal cutting machines.
Several companies operating in other seams
have still more difficult roof conditions to contend
with. The strata overlaying these coals consists
of from 10 to 15 feet of light gray shale, which
is in advanced stages of disintegration.
On removing all the coal in these mines, the
shale will fall to heights of six to eight feet.
Twelve to 18 inches of coal is therefore
left overhead as a roof, of which 00 per cent, is
reclaimed in the rooms after they have been ex­
hausted. When the coal is mined to its full thickness
the rotton overlaying shale requires timber
sets, thoroughly and solidly lagged, to hold it.
In whatever entries are driven, no attempt is
made to reclaim this top coal.
The degree of caution exercised within the
mines of this field by superintendents and fore­
men is reflected by the following list:
During the year 1911, in the entire westein
Kentucky field there were only 3 fatal accidents
from falls of roof, and 19 minor or non-fatal ac­
cidents from the same cause.
A fair estimate fixes about two-thirds as the
net portion of the available coal measures which
is won from the mines. Superlative competition
in this field leaves so small a differential between
costs of production and the sales prices that crop
coal and coal of more expensive excavation must
be left untouched and forever lost.
With a decrease in the market price, the con­
sumer becomes more exacting and
MUCH COAL is WASTED
at the tipples in cleaning the product to make the
grades salable at even a small figure. Good coal
clinging to lumps of sulphur is often discarded
on the waste piles in quantities which more than
justify the lamentations of those sincerely in­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
terested in the conservation of our coal measures.
An instance of this. A large operator in this
field discovered that in satisfying the exacting
demands of his customers he was throwing away,
on the refuse pile at a single mine, coal which
if properly cleaned would have yielded him in
the neighborhood of $1,000 per month. This
shows that if there had been some means of
preparing the waste coal for use, provided that
the mine was operating on a very narrow margin
of profit, the net value would have done much
toward helping the balance on the credit side of
the ledger.
Another source of waste in this district is the
indifference with which some of our operators
plan the future development of their property.
On good authority, it is claimed that 50 per cent.
of the operators have no idea as to the amount
of their original holdings which they have ex­
hausted.
Coincident with (his is the general scarcity of
technically trained engineers.
Inadequate pillars also contribute to the gen­
eral waste. Frequently the smallness of pillars
results in a squeeze which necessitates the
abandonment of the working places. These rooms
must then be recovered by driving "cut-offs," ac­
companied by additional expense and the loss of
the coal which is left unmined.
It is taken for granted by most western Ken­
tucky operators that squeezing
GOES HAND IX HAND
with the mining of coal. It is regarded as a
necessary evil. It is looked upon as one of the
penalties of mining.
We have no definite data on the size of pillars
that are required by a given vertical thickness
of cover of a given character. Chief Inspector
Norwood is at the present time endeavoring to
secure government co-operation for the deter­
mination of these unknown quantities.
Operators working seams other than No. 9 and
No. 11, in several instances, find it wholly impossible
to recover more than 44 per cent, of
their available coal and are required by their
conditions to leave more than half of their coal
unmined.
Another question needing attention in this field
is that of cost keeping. It is perfectly safe to
say that 75 per cent, of the operators do not
know what it costs them to mine a ton of coal.
They get extensions on bills and buy equipment
on tho installment plan, which is altogether
within the limits of good management. But in
many cases these items are not charged off in
keeping with an accurate accounting system. At
the end of a given period they find their balance
on either one side of the ledger or the other, but
how it came about there is no telling.

46
The other 25 per cent, of the managers who
keep detailed information on this phase of operation
are those producing the larger outputs.
Most of the coal acreage in the western field
lies inland between the Ohio and Green rivers,
and because of the
FLAT CHABACTEK
of the surface, trouble is often experienced in
locating reservoir sites of sufficient water shed.
In such cases extended droughts necessitate either
long pipe lines or the hauling of water in tank
cars.
The conditions which tend to promote keen competition
in this field deserve mention. Involuntary
suspensions in other fields have, in times
past, created a demand for western Kentucky coal
in the large markets outside of its sales zone.
Limited capital has drawn conclusion that the
lucrative mining of coal means only the sinking
of a shaft or the opening of a drift.
The comparative ease with such openings are
made in this field; the cheapness of the coal "in
place," together with short periods of spasmodic
prosperity—have brought into being small operations
which cannot be sustained by the normal
demands of the present market.
I have purposely dismissed this subject with a
short statement of the condition, since the abundance
of discussion relating to it precludes its
treatment in so general a paper.
In conclusion, it has been the purpose to set
forth as clearly as possible the various problems
and difficulties which beset the coal mining men
of western Kentucky. Doubtless the time is coming,
and it may not be far off, when the various
physical problems will gain in merit as the operators
who have to deal with them progress in
the still more advanced proclivities of economic
production.
PROPOSES TO LEASE ALASKA COAL LANDS
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
A plan to open up the coal lands of Alaska
through a leasing system was aroused in a bill
introduced in the House recently by Representative
Ferris of Oklahoma, as a part of the administration
program for the development of the resources
of the territory.
The bill was the result of conferences between
Secretary Lane of the Interior department, and
members of the House and Senate public lands committee
held for several weeks.
The measure wouid allow the Secretary of the
Interior to lease for pi ivate development the government
coal lands in Alaska, in blocks of 40
acres, or multiples thereof up to 2,560 acres. No
single developer would be allowed to take up more
than 2,560 acres, and no claims aggregating more
than that amount could be combined, under penalty
of forfeiture.
Stringent provisions against possible combination
for control of the lands would impose a jail
sentence of three years and a $1,000 fine as the
penalty for joint ownership of more than the prescribed
allotment.
Tbe Secretary of the Interioi would be authorized
to lease the lands through competitive bidding,
under conditions which would assure the government
a royalty of 2 cents a ton of all coal mined.
During the time the mining operations were being
projected, the bill would enforce the payment of
rent at the rate of 25 cents per acre for the first
year, 50 cents per acre per year lor the second,
third, fourth and fifth year, and $1 per year thereafter.
Royalties paid on coal mined, however,
would be credited to this rental account.
The leases would be indefinite in term, dependent
upon tbe workings of the mine, but the secretary
would be allowed to alter the conditions of
the lease every 20 years. The funds secured by
these leases would be applied to the "development,
improvement and betterment of the territory of
Alaska," particular^ to the building of the government
railroad planned in tbe bill which has already
passed the Senate and is now pending in the
House.
The same bill was introduced in the Senate by
Senator Walsh of Montana, who has participated
in the administration conferences.
The financial troubles of the Sunshine Coal &
Coke Co., of Uniontown, Pa., are in a fair way
to be adjudicated. The foreclosure proceedings
against its Cyrilla plant have been stayed until
December 1, by the payment of taxes, costs and
a considerable amount on the principal of the
$47,000 mortgage held against it by the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., and
the Fayette Title & Trust Co., of Uniontown, Pa.,
as trustee, has assumed charge of the company's
affairs. Workmen have been paid $20,000 in
back wages, and suits for the collection of moneys
due are being pushed, so that it is hoped to complete
the work of reorganization during the year.
The Alabama State Railroad commission has
fixed May 25 as the date when it will hear all
the facts relative to the change of rates on coal
on the railroads in the state. All readjustments
of whatever kind will be taken up at the hearing
at that time, and it is likely that when the
hearing is over, the rates on coal all over the
state may be revised.
Fire destroyed the river and rail tipple of the
Black Diamond Coal Co.. near Monongahela, Pa.,
March 5, entailing a loss of $50,000. The origin
of the fire is unknown.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
THE COST OF COAL MINING*
By Edward W. Parker. United States Geological Survey
In order to do justice to the subject and to ery and is so entered on the books. Until the
the occasion, a paper on the cost of coal mining recent action of the United States Supreme Court
prepared for presentation before the Mining abolishing the contracts between the anthracite
Congress should be based upon an intensive study companies and the transportation interests, all
of the records, not too many, of typical operations the anthracite shipped to New York harbor ports
in a sufficient number of states to get results for a number of years has been sold on a per­
capable of analytical comparison and deduction. centage basis of the tidewater price, the railroads
Unfortunately, when I was asked by the Secretary taking 35 per cent, for the freight and return­
of the Congress to prepare this paper there was ing 65 per cent, to the operators. The magnitude
not time to collect data from which such a study of the task of determining what the actual value
could be made, and I have been compelled to adopt of the product is, was rather forcibly brought
as the basis of this discussion the latest official home to me last spring, when I called at the
statistics available, those of the Thirteenth Cen­ New York office of one of the big anthracite
sus of the United States, which covers the cal­ companies for the purpose of urging the expediting
endar year 1909. Since that time wages have of that company's report. It had furnished com­
been advanced in both the anthracite and bituplete reports of production, by sizes, for its
minous districts, and prices for the product have numerous mines, but had omitted any statement
been raised to compensate for (and in some cases, of values. I had written a letter urgently re­
possibly more than offset) the increased cost of questing as accurate a statement of the value as
production.
I had received of the production, and had been
If at the outset I may be permitted to make a promised the additional information. The auditor
suggestion, as to one thing needed in the coal­ brought for my observation sheet upon sheet of
mining industry (looking at it from the stand­ closely written figures, upon which the calculapoint
of the statistician and economist) it is a tions necessary to get the data had been made.
standardization in the methods of accounting. It It had taken the entire time of one clerk more
is difficult—one might say impossible—to com­ than two weeks to do the work.
pile accurate statistical data regarding cost and What goes into mining cost is in many cases
value of product when operators themselves can as difficult to ascertain. As many here well know,
not tell what their product costs nor what they the old type of wooden or corrugated iron break­
actually receive for it, and when their only means ers in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania are
Of judging whether they are making or losing giving way rapidly to modern structures or re­
money is by their bank accounts. Within the inforced concrete or other
present year the Geological Survey was requested
1'TREl'lMIOF CONSTRUCTION.
by one corporation, whose value of production is I have been reliabl yinformed that the invest­
measured by the tens of millions, to furnish statement in most of these cases is charged, not to
ments of its output ten or fifteen years ago, which capital account, but to mining expenses. It must,
it. was unable to ascertain
of course, eventually go into the cost of niining,
FROM ITS OWN RECORDS.
but it seems to me that it is an investment, not
The only reason that the Survey could not com­ an expense, and when charged into the cost of
ply with the request was that the schedules and mining should be in the form of depreciation,
tabulations are kept for two years only, for pur­ and of interest on the investment. These are
poses of comparison, and are then destroyed, as cited merely as examples of the complexities
there is no place where they can be safely stored which confront the economist when he undertakes
and the best method of maintaining their confi­ to analyze such statistics as he finds available.
dential character is to burn them.
There is a somewhat general impression that the
In the anthracite region particularly it is diffi­ mining of coal, both anthracite and bituminous,
cult to secure accurate information, not only in is a highly lucrative vocation, a nd that the
regard to mining cost, but also the value at first principal occupation of the so-called coal barons
hand of the output. A large proportion of the
anthracite is sold at so much a ton delivered at
Buffalo, or Chicago, or Milwaukee, or wherever
it may be, and the sale price of the coal at the
mines includes the freight to the point of delivis
to look pleasant as the golden stream flows
into their coffers. I venture to state, taking the
industry as a whole, that there are few lines of
industrial endeavor where, during the last ten
years, there have been smaller returns for the
capital invested and for the energy, mental and
*Address at the Sixteenth Annual Convention ol the Ameri­ manual, that has been put into it, than in the
can Mining Congress. Philadelphia, 1913,

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
business of coal niining. As has been already
observed, the only recent official statistics of relative
cost and value available are those presented
in a recent bulletin published by the Bureau of
the Census and which cover the calendar year
1909. This report shows that the value of the
Pennsylvania anthracite produced in that year
was $148,957,894. The total gross expenses
amounted to $139,110,444, from which should be
deducted $4,S64,S44 made up from charges to
niiners for explosives, oil, and blacksmithing,
making the net expenses $134,245,600. The gross
expenses are itemized as follows:
Services:
Salaries $ 4,572,4S9
Wages 92,169,906 $ 96,742,395
Supplies:
Fuel and power 3,189,279
Other supplies 23,472,S09 26,662,OS8
Royalties 7,969,785
Miscellaneous 7,736,176
Total gross expenses. $139,110,444
Deductions 4,864,844
Net expenses $134,245,600
The total production in 1909 amounted to 72,-
215,273 long tons, so that the average per ton
for the output in that year was $2.00; the average
cost per ton was $1.86; and the net returns on
the operations for the year were $14,712,294, or
an average of 20 cents per ton. This at first
glance looks like a fair return, but attention
must be called to the fact that the Census figures
of cost make no allowance for interest on capital
invested or borrowed, and
NO OFFSETTING CHARGES
for amortization or depreciation. According to
the returns to the Bureau of the Census, the entire
capital invested in anthracite mining in 1909
was $246,700,000, w-hich may appear rather inadequate
when one considers the magnitude of
the industry, and an annual production of
$150,000,000 (in 1911 the output was valued at
$175,189,392 and in 1912 it was $177,622,626),
but I am taking the figures reported by the Census
Bureau. If on this capitalization an allowance
of 4 per cent, be made for interest, the net
returns for the year amounted in round numbers
to $4,844,000. If, as I suggested at the outset,
new breakers and other equipment are charged
into operating expenses, no allowance need be
made for depreciation, but surely the exhaustion
of from 75,000,000 to 80,000,000 tons from the
reserves every year should have some amortization
charged against it and if 5 cents a ton be
allowed the margin of $4,800,000 is practically
wiped out. At least it may be said that from
the operators' standpoint there may have been
some reason for the recent advances in the price
of anthracite, the effect of which the author ot
this paper has felt as keenly as any other consumer
of anthracite.
The figures covering the cost and value of
bituminous coal show even more striking comparisons.
(I may remark here that there are
some slight differences in the statistics of production
between the Census figures and those
published by the United States Geological Survey
for the reason that the Census investigations excluded
mines having a production of less than
1,000 tons, whereas the Survey rakes the country
with a fine-tooth comb and includes every small
country bank, from which it can secure a report.
For 1909 the Survey showed a bituminous coal
production of 379,744,257 short tons valued at
$405,486,777, and the Census Bureau showed a
production of 376,865,510 tons valued at $401,-
577,477, the difference being about 3,000,000 tons
in quantity and $4,000,000 in value—less than
1 per cent, in either case. As the Census figures
for cost of mining are the basis of this discussion,
the Census figures of production are also used.)
The total value of the bituminous production,
as already stated, was $401,577,477, and the mining
expense of producing this value, including
salaries of officers, was $378,159,282. As in the
case of anthracite, the
EXPENSE 01' PRODUCTION
do not include any charges for depreciation, amortino
include any charges for depreciation, amortization,
or interest on capital invested or borrowed.
The expenses are divided as follows:
Salaries $ 20,417,392
Wages 282,378,886
Supplies 45,345,932
Royalties 12,035,900
Miscellaneous 17,961,172
Total $378,159,282
From this it appears that 75 per cent, of the
total cost and 70 per cent, of the total value was
spent in wages. Salaried officials got less than
5.5 per cent.
Now, let us see what capital got. The total
capital invested in the bituminous coal mines of
the United States in 1909 was, according to the
Census bulletin, in round numbers $960,000,000
($960,2S9,465), and I do not think that looks as
if there were very much over-valuation, whatever
the capitalization may he as represented by stock
issue. The difference between the value of the
product and the expense of producing it was
$23,440,000 (I shall talk the rest of this in round
numbers), or a fraction over 2.5 per cent, on the
capital. The average value per ton of all the
bituminous coal produced in the United States
was $1.07, the costs averaged a fraction of a cent

over $1.00, so that the margin of profit to cover
interest, depreciation, and amortization was a
little less than 7 cents a ton. In some states
the expenses exceeded the returns. Take Arkansas,
for instance, where the expenses totaled
$3,630,526 and the value of the product was
$3,508,509. Other instances were:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
Value of Product. Expenses.
Iowa $12,682,106 $12,816,076
Kentucky 9,940,485 10,127,987
Tennessee 6,548,515 6,691,482
Oklahoma 6,185,078 6,536,441
Virginia 4,336,185 4,392,440
Pennsylvania, by long odds the most important
producer, with an output of 137,300,000 tons,
showed a total of expenses of $117,440,000 and
of value of $129,550,000, a balance on the profit
side of a little over $12,000,000, or about 3 1-3
per cent, on the capital invested, $358,600,000.
The four competitive states, West Virginia, Illinois,
Ohio and Indiana, which rank second, third,
fourth and fifth, respectively, in producing importance,
all show such
NARROW MARGINS
between income and outlay that profits are visible
only with a microscope. The figures follow:
Product Expenses Difference
Value of
West Va $44,344,067 $43,024,716 $1,319,351
Illinois 53,030,545 51,697,504 1,333,041
Ohio 27,353,063 27,153,497 200,100
Indiana 15,018,123 14,906,831 111,292
$139,746,39S $136,782,548 $2,963,850
These four states with an aggregate production
of a little more than the bituminous output
of Pennsylvania, showed a total of less than
$3,000,000 as the excess of receipts over expenses.
The capital invested in the coal-mining industry
in these states was something over $310,000,000,
so that the returns on the capital were less than
1 per cent.
I do not wish to tax the patience of this audience
to the breaking point, but there is one
other fact to which I desire to call attention, and
that is to the conditions in the public land states,
which are also coal producers. They are California.
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico,
North Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.
All of them showed favorable comparisons with
other states. They produced in round numbers
25,000,000 short tons of coal in 1909. The value
of the product was $37,000,000; the expenses,
25,000,000* short tons of coal in 1909. The value
The capital reported was approximately $70,000,-
000, so that the average earnings on the capital
invested in these states was between 6 and 7
per cent., as compared with less than 1 per cent.
in
W r est Virginia, Illinois, Ohio and Indiana, and of
about 2.5 per cent, for all the bituminous coal
mined in the United States in 1909.
I am not present, nor have I prepared this
paper as an advocate of the coal-mine operators
of the United States. I must, in fact, confess
that when I began, less than three weeks ago,
a study of the Census bulletin, I was somewhat
surprised at the facts presented therein, though
I was somewhat familiar with the general situation.
If there is any other branch of the mining
industry conducted on such narrow, not to say
dangerous margins, I should be glad, yet sorry,
to know it, and when these figures are considered
one must feel that if there is any mulcting of
the people in the coal that goes into their heating
furnaces and kitchen ranges, the coal-mine operators
are not the robber barons. And when
the dividing line between profit and loss is so
faint, all the more credit is due to the men in
authority who are throughout all of the coalmining
regions spending thousands of dollars to
reduce the hazard and improve the conditions
under which the men work for the coal we burn.
* These figures include a small production, about
200,000 tons, valued at $300,000, from Georgia, with
the expenses and capital incident thereto. All of
the states mentioned except Colorado, North Dakota
and Wyoming were grouped by the Census
Bureau as "Other States."
The Pennsylvania Superior court has handed
down an opinion reversing the Washington county.
Pa., court in its ruling that a coal and iron policeman
employed by a corporation had no right to
accept constable's fees for work performed. The
superior court rules that the policeman, although
paid by the corporation employing him, has the
right and the privilege of doing constable's work
for other persons and therefore is entitled to collect
constable's fees for all work performed.
Judge F. B. Hutton, in the circuit court at
Abingdon, Va., recently decided that the heirs of
Frank Imboden, of Bristol, Va., were entitled to
recover one-sixth interest in 20,000 acres of coal
lands in Russell county, Va., which had been sold
to the Thos. F. Ryan interests of New York, by
Mr. Imboden, and which are valued at $10,000,000.
The Lindsay Coal Co., Caryville, Tenn., has
struck a four foot vein of coal on its propertynear
that place, after having drifted into the
mountain for 1,600 feet.
The Back Creek Coal Co.. Pruden, Tenn., has
elected these officers: President, Thomas Pruden;
vice president, C. A. Griffiths; secretary-treasurer,
Victor N. Hacker.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CONCRETE IN MINE CONSTRUCTION*
By A F. Allard. Chief Engineer Bunsen Coal Company, Adams Building, Danville, Ills.
Within the last few years a great many import
advances have been made at the modern coal
plant in the use of concrete for buildings, shaft
lining walls and constructions inside of the mine.
The appearance of the up-to-date plant is wonderfully
improved with its concrete mine building,
consisting of the Power Plant, Hoist House, Repair
Shop, Miners' Bath House, Fan House, Supply
House, Powder House and Outside Stable.
These fire-proof structures with reinforced concrete
walls, concrete floors and cement tile roof
covering, are permanent and involve little or no
expense for up-keep during the life of the plant.
The boiler house, with its reinforced concrete
chimney towering to a great height, is substantial
and attractive in appearance as compared with
an installation of steel stacks which are subject
to deterioration from rust and require frequent
painting and attention; while no expense for maintenance
after first cost is necessary on a concrete
stack. The coal storage bins and water supply
tanks erected of reinforced concrete, mark the
advance made in the use of concrete for these
structures. This material now replaces the
wooden walls and platforms of the steel tipple
and the members themselves are protected from
rust and mine gases with a covering of the same
material. Swimming tanks built of concrete prove
a source of amusement and recreation for the
employees at a coal mining plant. The house site
of the miners' home is made bright and clean
looking with concrete sidewalks, street curbing
and gutters. House foundations and outbuilding
vaults of this material are watertight and sanitary.
Those who have had to deal with the growing
scarcity and steadily increasing cost of large size
timbers for inside mine construction, will welcome
concrete as a substitute for this material,
not only at new plants, but for the renewal of
wooden structures at mines in operation. By its
selection, the mine owner will be amply compensated
for the increased first cost of the installation
as compared with wood, when the stability, permanency
and fireproof qualities of the concrete
are taken into consideration.
As a fire-proof and permanent material for the
lining of shaft walls, concrete is without a rival,
and its adaptability for this class of work is
well recognized, judging by the large number of
concrete shafts now being constructed. In fact,
we have hoisting and ventilating shafts completed
"Paper read at Mining Conference in connection with the
dedication of the Mining Laboratory, University of Illinois
1913.
from top to bottom without a piece of timber, the
lining walls, cross-buntons, and division wall of
the air compartment are of concrete, with the
guides and stairways of steel. The method of
sinking mine shafts by means of the concrete
caisson with a steel cutting edge or shoe, through
soft and water bearing strata has come into prominent
use, for by its weight, penetration to great
depth is possible, rapid sinking progress is made,
the flow of water met with is reduced and a great
saving in cost of labor and material is obtained
by the omission of timber curbing.
From comparative cost data, I find that price
per vertical foot of a completed concrete lined
shaft to be about one-third more than that of
the wooden structure; this amount is in the first
cost only, for after a few years' time, renewal of
timbers would be necessary in the latter.
There are numerous designs for concrete shafts
including rectangular, circular, elliptical and the
straight sides with circular end walls; the latter
is a very economical section, utilizing the end
spaces for pipeways or stairways and reducing
to a minimum, excavation and concrete yardage.
The circular end walls have great strength to
resist the strata and water pressures, forming a
continuous concrete arch from top to bottom; the
side wall pressures are taken care of by the
thickness of concrete lining, depending upon the
nature and depth of strata penetrated. Generally
a self-sustaining strata, such as rock, slate
or good shale requires a wall of from six to nine
inches in thickness, which is sufficient for the
anchorage of the bunions, while a heavy fire clay
or wet sand seam would require a much thicker
wall.
In the Western iron and coal districts, a number
of reinforced concrete shafts have been sunk
through quick-sand in water-bearing ground by
means of the pneumatic caisson or compressed
air system. This process has proven effective in
wet strata for obtaining dry shaft walls; also for
making a watertight joint when the concrete
caisson reaches the bed rock. Air pressure is
provided in the working chamber to displace the
water encountered, and the pressure maintained
until the concrete has set.
The construction of shaft bottom landings of
plain and reinforced concrete includes the single
or double track entry, providing storage room
for loaded cars, space for empty car lift back of
the shaft and room for empty car storage track,
together with the necessary chutes. For this
work, I have used three different designs in concrete
construction for supporting side walls and

mine roof which have to bear excessive loads
and sustain the crushing effect induced by the
displacement of the roof strata; they are:
First: The rectangular section supporting "I"
beams on concrete side walls and covering with
reinforced concrete slabs, having a thickness of
three or four inches. The depth of beam is usually
six or eight inches for single track span and from
twelve to eighteen inches for that of double track,
the size and weight of beams selected, depending
upon the nature and conditions of the roof. I
have placed the beams on four-foot centers, covered
with slabs two feet in width.
Second: The poured concrete arch with concrete
side walls.
Third: The concrete block arch, which is composed
of plain concrete blocks previously moulded
in steel forms with joints cut on true radial lines.
The blocks are laid up in the arch crown from
each sidewall with cemented joints and are supported
on a light frame template until the key
piece is placed, and one section of the ring is
completed. Provision is made in moulding to
provide blocks of different lengths for breaking
of joints on the alternate courses. Blocks six
inches for single and eight inches for double
track spans and about eighteen inches long make
a convenient size for the men to handle. This
method of arch construction saves considerable
cost over that of the solid-poured section, for it
eliminates the cost of expensive forms and time
necessary for the transporting and placing of
the wet mixture. The rectangular section is convenient
at back of shaft where it is necessary to
provide clearance room for empty car lift and
where going up into the roof with an arch of large
span would prove expensive. The poured arch
section is generally adopted for a distance of
from ten to fifteen feet on each side of the shaft,
the work connecting into and supporting the
shaft walls. The continuation of arch with concrete
block construction for the main landing and
empty run-a-round, make an ideal and fire-proof
shaft bottom. For permanent work inside, we
have the mine stables, including the stalls and
feed boxes, pump and motor rooms, over-casts,
and stoppings, constructed of concrete; this material
being especially suitable where an airtight
seal and safe job is necessary, the cement grout
completely filling all crevices.
Bore holes are made secure and permanent with
cement lining, the pipe casing being subject to
rust from mine gases or the discharge of sulphur
water.
Wherever possible, all wooden structures in
the mine should be replaced with concrete, the
most substantial and one of the best-known tire-
proof materials.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
SENATE COMMITTEE FILES REPORT
ON WEST VIRGINIA STRIKE.
The sub-committee of the U. S. Senate, that investigated
the strike in the West Virginia coal
fields, filed its report on the strike with the U. S.
Senate March 9. Senator Claude Swanson, of
Virginia, chairman of the sub-committee, filed the
report, and explained that the resolution appointing
the probers failed to provide anything but the
investigation and gave the committee no power
to propose or inaugurate remedial legislation. The
committee in summing up its conclusions, said:
The conditions existing in this district for many
months were most deplorable. The hostility became
so intense; the conflict so fierce, that there
existed in this district for some time well-armed
forces fighting for supremacy. Separate camps,
organized, armed and guarded, were established.
There was much violence and some murders.
Pitched battles were fought by the contending
parties. Law and order disappeared and life was
insecure for both sides. Operation and business
practically ceased.
As these unhappy conditions no longer exist, as
the differences between the contending parties
have been amicably adjusted and an agreement
entered into for several years, and as peace and
confidence now prevail, work and business having
been resumed, the committee does not consider
it wise or necessary to elaborate upon the many
causes which produced these deplorable conditions.
Among the contributing causes may be ennumerated
the following:
The failure of the operators in the Paint Creek
district to renew their expiring contract with the
United Mine Workers; the determination of the
coal operators under no circumstances to recognize
the niiners as an organization or union, and the
equal determination of the miners to organize and
form a union, a right, as they claim, guaranteed
to them without discrimination by the laws of
West Virginia; the employment by the operators
of mine guards, many of whom were aggressive
and arbitrary; mine guards in the employment
of the operators acting as deputy sheriffs and
failure of the civil authorities to attempt to preserve
peace and order at the beginning of violence
and permitting things to drift from bad to worse
without vigorous interference and assertion of
authority; discontent among the miners occasioned
by no opportunity to purchase homes; no cemeteries
except upon the company's grounds; postoffices
located in the company's stores; private
roads only to the schools and stores; the disposition
of the coal operators to keep strict espionage
of all strangers who entered the district and to
exercise their right of private ownership of this
large district and to exclude from it all persons
objectionable to them.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ACTION OF ACID MINE WATER ON ELECTRIC INSULATION*
By H. H. Clark and L. C Ilsley
Moisture and acid are foes of electric insulation
and are especially active when combined. In
mining work it frequently happens that an electric
conductor is exposed to the action of moist air
and acid water. This condition, although common
to nearly all conductors installed in wet
parts of a mine, is especially noticeable in shafts
and bore holes through which signal, telephone,
or power cables are led under ground. Large
quantities of moisture are often present in such
places, and in the shafts of coal mines that have
several levels the moisture below the first level
is sometimes very acidulous. Not all conductors
used in mines are insulated, but some of them are.
and whenever multiple-conductor cables are used
they must, of course, be insulated.
The use of such cables in shafts, bore holes, and
even under ground will increase as the use of
alternating current increases. At present the
practice of consolidating mine power plants, or
purchasing power from central stations, seems to
be coming into favor, and in either case alternating
current will be used for distributing the
power. Therefore it seems probable that insulated
conductors will be used in mines more extensively
in the future than in the past.
It is a matter of common experience that mine
water has a harmful action upon the insulation
of electric conductors and often so impairs the
insulation that shocks may be received from conductors
that have previously been considered safe.
Sometimes the insulation is completely destroyed,
causing bad leakage to the earth and short circuits
of multiple-conductor cables.
The Bureau of Mines therefore decided to investigate
the action of acid water upon the various
materials used to insulate electric conductors
in order to determine, if possible, what material
is best suited for insulating purposes in mines,
thus assuring the continuance of safe conditions.
The general plan was to select a number of insulated
conductors and apply acid water to the
Insulation, making record of
THE EFFECT TRODC'CEI)
as determined in various ways. A careful consideration
of the subject showed that the investigation
would be one of considerable magnitude,
and that its undertaking involved the standardization
of conditions for whose establishment no
data were available. It was therefore decided to
make a small preliminary investigation to gain
the information necessary to properly organize
a larger and more complete series of tests.
This paper reports the results obtained from
the preliminary investigation. The bureau is indebted
to the Standard Underground Cable Co.
and the Western Electric Co. for materials supplied
without charge, ana the authors of this
paper are especially indebted to Mr. Henry XX.
Fisher, chief engineer of the Stanaard Underground
Cable Co., for valuable suggestions and
assistance in organizing the investigation.
The purposes of the preliminary investigation
were to determine the character of acid water to
be used in future tests of this sort; to ascertain
the most effective method of applying the water
to the insulation in order to determine, for the
insulated conductors to be tested, the minimum
dimensions that would permit the making of satisfactory
observations of the action of the acid
water upon the insulation; to discover the best
way to prepare and mount for test the insulated
conductors to be investigated; to find out something
of the acid water resisting qualities of several
kinds of insulation; and. finally, to disclose as
many as possible of those unforeseen obstacles
that always appear during the progress of a newinvestigation
and cause annoying and expensive
delays.
It was desired to procure a water of uniform
quality that would produce upon electrical insulation
an effect equal to or slightly greater than
that produced by the most acid mine water that
could be obtained.
The collection and analysis of water from a
number of mines showed that it was not possible
to obtain, even from the same mine, two samples
of water that had the same constituents combined
in the same proportions. The acidity of
mine water changes continually and is greatly
affected by the surface rainfall and by other factors
beyond the control of the investigators.
Even if a mine produced acid water of a uniform
quality it would be difficult, if not impossible,
to maintain the uniform quality of the
water while collecting, shipping, and storing it
in such quantities as would be necessary for the
investigation. It therefore seemed out of the
question to use natural
MINE WATER IN HIE TESTS.
P. H. Bates. A. C. Fieldner, and F. M. Stanton,
chemists of the bureau who assisted in the investigation
and analyzed the mine waters that
were collected for examination, gave the opinion
that the only deleterious constituent of the waters,
other than sulphuric acid, was iron sulphate. A
water containing iron sulphate and sulphuric acid
•Technical Paper No. 58 Bureau ef Mines, a preliminary
in any desired proportions could be easily prereport.

pared and kept in a satisfactorily uniform condition.
It was therefore decided to use in the
investigations artificial solutions of this sort, as
there seemed to be no doubt that the use of such
solutions would give more accurate and consistent
results than could be obtained by the use of mine
waters of varying qualities and compositions. It
It was decided to use two solutions, both to contain
sulphuric acid in equal amounts, but only
one to contain iron sulphate. It was planned to
ascertain thus whether the presence of the iron
sulphate was a material factor in the destructive
action of the water.
It was decided, after conference with the chemists
assisting in the investigation, that the most
effective way of applying the acid solutions to
the insulation under test would be to sprinkle
the insulation with the solution at such intervals
as would allow the solution time to evaporate between
each application.
In order to use to the best advantage the funds
and space available it was decided to use the
smallest amount of material thought to be consistent
with satisfactory results. The thickness
of the insulation and the length and diameter of
the conductors were specified with this consideration
in mind.
As the measurement of insulation resistance was
the principal observation to be made, the conductors
were mounted so that no leakage paths
could exist around the insulation or across its
surface. It was decided to test the effectiveness
of sealing both ends of each conductor in a manner
later described.
In order to simulate the conditions of actual
practice, it was decided to make bends at several
points in the conductors. It was decided to mount
the conductors in a horizontal position in order
to facilitate the application and absorption of the
acid solutions.
The following kinds of insulation were tested:
Standard, 30 per cent. Para rubber, made in accordance
with the specifications of the National
Rubber Covered Wire Engineers' Association:
standard varnished cambric;
VARNISHED CAMBKIC
treated with a compound designed especially to
resist the action of acid; and paper protected with
a lead sheath. The rubber and the standard varnished
cambric were selected as representing the
best practice. The special varnished cambric was
selected as offering an opportunity for obtaining
data on specialy treated tape insulations in general,
and on this form of treatment in particular.
The lead-sheathed paper-insulated conductors were
tested to learn how the acid solutions would affect
the lead sheath.
The average amount of free sulphuric acid found
by analyzing samples of 16 different mine waters
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
was 492 parts per 1,000,000 (23.68 grains per gallon).
The maximum amount of free sulphuric
acid found in any sample was 3,662 parts per
1,000,000 (212.49 grains per gallon). It was decided
that the artificial waters should contain a
little more acid than the strongest mine water,
in order to hasten results and have a margin of
safety in the matter of acidity.
A solution was therefore prepared containing
4,500 parts per 1,000,000 (262.35 grains per gallon)
of free sulphuric acid. This solution is designated
as "solution No. 1." A second solution was prepared
containing the same amount of acid and in
addition 12,000 parts per 1,000,000 (699.6 grains
per gallon) of ferrous sulphate. This amount of
ferrous sulphate represents the maximum quantity
that the solution would contain without precipitation.
As much ferrous sulphate as possible
was included in the solution in the hope of distinguishing
as clearly as possible whether there
was any action on the insulation due to the presence
of the sulphate. This solution is designated
as "solution No. 2" in this paper.
About 200 liters of water! from the Pittsburgh
city mains was placed in each of two barrels and
to the water in the first barrel there was added a
sufficient quantity of concentrated sulphuric acid
to make the solution contain 4,500 parts per
1,000,000 of free sulphuric acid. To the water in
the second barrel was added an equal amount of
acid and also 12,000 parts per 1,000,000 of ferrous
sulphate.
The solutions were stored in wooden barrels
and drawn off through wooden spigots. The exposed
surface of the stored
SOLUTIONS WAS COVERED
with a film of oil about one-half inch thick to
maintain the solutions in a constant condition.
The solutions were analyzed from time to time
in order to insure their uniform character, and
the solutions as a whole were renewed every three
to six weeks, depending upon the daily consumption,
which varied during the test. On several
occasions chemical analyses were made of the
solutions after they had been stored two to six
weeks, and each such analysis showed that the
character of the solution had not changed appreciably
since it was prepared.
Samples of four kinds of insulating material
were tested as follows: Special varnished cambric,
30 per cent. Para rubber, standard varnished
cambric, and paper protected by a lead sheath.
The special varnished cambric samples, termed
"special samples" and designated by the letter S
in this report, consisted of No. 6 Brown & Sharpe
gage solid wire, insulated with varnished cam-
fSeveral analyses of this water made at different times
show that it contains no constituents that are not found
(usually in much larger proportions) in the mine waters
examined by the bureau prior to the beginning of the test.

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
brie specially treated to withstand moisture, and
protected with a single cotton braid saturated
with compound, but not having the smooth, hard
finish usually seen on the so-called waterproof
braids. The dimensions of these samples were
as follows:
Length of each sample, 50 feet.
Diameter of wire, 0.162 inch.
Thickness of cambric insulation (S layers), 0.146
inch.
Thickness of single cotton braid, 0.056 inch.
The 30 per cent. Para rubber samples, termed
"rubber samples" and designated by the letter R
in this report, consisted of a No. 1/0 (B. & S.
gage) solid wire insulated with 30 per cent. Para
rubber compound in accordance with the specifications
of the National Rubber Covered Wire
Engineers' Association. The rubber insulation
was protected with a single wrapping of tape
and a double cotton braid having a weatherproof
finish. The dimensions of these samples were as
follows:
Length of each sample, 50 feet.
Diameter of wire, 0.325 inch.
Thickness of rubber insulation, 0.0925 inch.
Thickness of tape outside of rubber, 0.009 inch.
Thickness of inside braid, 0.035 inch.
Thickness of outside braid, 0.033 inch.
The standard varnished cambric samples,
termed "cambric samples" and designated by the
letter C in this report, consisted of No. 0 (B. &
S. gage) solid wire,
INSULATED WITH VARNISHED
cambric and protected with a double cotton braid
having a weatherproof finish. The dimensions of
these samples were as follows:
Length of each sample, 50 feet.
Diameter of wire, 0.162 inch.
Thickness of varnished cambric (11 layers),
0.116 inch.
Thickness of tape next to cambric, 0.006 inch.
Thickness of inside braid, 0.029 inch.
Thickness of outside braid, 0.04 inch.
The lead-sheathed paper samples, designated by
the letter T in this report, were prepared from
a 5-pair, lead-sheathed, paper-insulated telephone
cable. The dimensions of these samples were as
follows:
Length of each sample, 25 feet.
Thickness of lead sheath, 3-32 inch.
Size of wire, No. 22 I!. & S. gage.
Two layers of paper were wrapped around each
conductor, and the core formed from the 10 conductors
was also wrapped with manila paper.
This telephone cable was tested to ascertain the
action of the acid upon the lead sheath. Paper
insulation was selected because it would show a
high insulation resistance while the sheath was
intact, but would show a very low insulation
resistance as soon as the slightest hole was made
in the lead sheath.
Symbols were adopted to designate the samples.
They consisted of a figure (1 or 2) to indicate
the kind of acid solution used, a letter (C, S, R,
or T) to indicate the material with which the
sample was insulated, and a figure (1 to 5) to
differentiate similar samples tested in the same
solution. For example, 1C4 designates sample
No. 4 insulated with standard varnished cambric
and treated with solution No. 1; 2S2 designates
sample No. 2 insulated with special varnished
cambric and treated with solution No. 2;
1R5 designates sample No. 5 insulated with 30
per cent. Para rubber and treated with solution
No. 1.
All samples were mounted on wooden trays,
each of which was 12 feet long, 5 inches deep,
and wide enough to accommodate five samples.
The ends of each sample were secured and the
body of the sample was laid along the bottom
of the tray. As each sample (excepting the leadsheathed
telephone cable) was 50 feet long, while
the trays were but 12 feet long, it was necessary
to bend each sample into four parallel sections.
Both ends of each sample were brought into a
wooden box and the cotton
COVERING W-AS REMOVED
from the part of the sample within the box, and
the box then filled with a special insulating compound
that completely covered one end of each
sample, leaving the other end projecting about
1 inch above the surface of the compound. All
insulation was removed from the part projecting
above the compound so that an electrical connection
for testing could be easily made. There were
eight 90° bends and three 180° bends in each
sample. The lead-sheathed paper-insulated cable
was cut into two samples, each 25 feet in length.
One end of each sample was sealed and the other
was brought through a box filled witn Insulating
compound in the same manner as the other
samples were installed. There were in all 32
samples of wire tested—10 insulated with special
cambric, 10 insulated with standard cambric, 10
insulated with 30 per cent. Para rubber, and 2
insulated with paper covered with a lead sheath.
Half of the samples of each kind of insulation
were tested in the plain acid solution No. 1,
and the other half were tested in solution No. 2.
The conductors to be tested were placed in two
wooden tanks 13 feet S inches long by 5 feet 4
inches wide and 6 inches deep. Three trays were
placed in each tank, each tray containing five
samples of one kind of insulation. One of the
trays in each tank also contained a sample of
lead-sheathed paper-insulated telephone cable.
There were, therefore, a total of 16 samples of
insulation in each tank. One end of each tray

ested on the bottom of the tank and the other
end of the tray was raised about 8 inches. Thus
the floor of each tray was inclined so that the
water would drain off. The trays were installed
in such manner that they could be lowered into
water in the tanks whenever it was desired to
take insulation readings or make high-potential
tests. The tanks were known as tank No. 1 and
tank No. 2. The samples in tank No. 1 were
treated with solution No. 1 and the samples in
tank No. 2 were treated with solution No. 2.
Beginning January 7, 1911, the samples were
treated daily with the proper solution, and once
every month or 6 weeks readings were taken of
the insulation resistance of each sample. The
solutions were applied to the insulation of the
conductors by sprinkling from an ordinary watering
pot. For the first 4 weeks the sprinklingwas
done three times daily, for the next 10 weeks
the sprinkling was done once daily, for the next
76 weeks the sprinkling was done
TWICE EACH DAY,
and for the rest of the time the sprinkling was
done once each day. The amount of solution
applied at any one time was approximately 0.17
ounce for each linear foot of conductor. In addition
to sprinkling, aspirator bottles were arranged
so that the solutions could drip slowly
upon certain conductors, thereby maintaining a
saturated condition of the insulation at one point.
One sample in each tray was also embedded in
coal dust, in order to simulate a possible underground
condition.
Beginning S months after the tests were first
started, high-potential tests were made upon each
cambric, rubber, and special sample shortly after
the close of the insulation measurements and
before the samples were removed from the water
in their respective tanks. A record was kept of
the temperature*!: of the room in which the testing
tanks were installed, and during the insulation-resistance
readings the temperature of the
water was maintained constant. The trays upon
which the samples were mounted were lowered
into the water in the tanks about 24 hours in
advance of the time at which the resistance read­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
Consular Agent Joseph F. Buck, at Bremerhaven,
Germany, has transmitted a detailed report
on the origin, annual receipts, and average
quantity of coal consumed in Bremerhaven and
Geestemunde, with information as to dockage,
lightering, and the securing of provisions and
other articles in demand by visiting vessels. The
report will be loaned on application to the Bureau
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Washington,
D. C.
Argument in the case of anthracite coal freight
rates to Philadelphia will be heard at Harrisburg,
Pa., March 30 by the Public Service Commission.
A digest has been prepared of the testimony
taken last year and the report on the operating
expenses of transporting eoal from the mines to
Philadelphia has been received by the commission.
The Pittsburgh Coal Co. has asked for bids on
the construction of 320 houses in the vicinity of
Hill Station on the Panhandle railroad, 15 miles
from Pittsburgh, the houses to be for the use of
employes of the new operations of the company
on the extension of the Montour railroad, and
30 of them to be for officials of the company.
"Leschen's Hercules" for March, 1914, issued by
A. Lescen & Sons Rope Co., St. Louis, Mo., is an
unusually interesting number of that publication,
and contains some interesting articles descriptive
of public works on which the product of the
company is being used with entire satisfaction.
The Waverly Coal & idining Co. property at
Morganfield, Ky., has been sold to R. C. Arnold, of
Cass county, Mich., for $42,000. This is the first
actual transfer of property in the big Western
Kentucky merger to be known as the Deepwater
Coal & Coke Co.
Press reports arc to the effect that 1,200,000 tons
of coal have been chartered at Cleveland for moving
by boat to Milwaukee during the 1914 season.
A rate of 30 cents has been named for the cargoes,
and this is likely to be the vessel rate for the season.
ings were taken and were usually allowed to
remain in the water until after the high-potential
The Victor Coal Mining Co., Philadelphia,
has taken over the properties of the Pennsylvania
tests had been made.
Smokeless Coal Co. in Somerset county, Pa., and
(To bo continued in issue of April 1st)
has purchased from that company and the Haws
Coal Co., Johnstown, Pa., a total of 1,200 acres of
jThe temperature or tin' room in whieli the lest was coal.
made was observed each lime I lie samples were sprinkled
with the acid solution. The average room temperature The Pruden Coal & Coke Co.. Pruden, Tenn., has
lor the enl ire investigation was 25.5° C. Tho average elected these officers for the ensuing year: Presi­
temperature for (he winter months was 28.4° •'. The dent, Thomas Pruden; vice president, Victor N.
average temperature for the summer months when no Hacker; secretary-treasurer, Joseph P. Gatit.
-(leant heal was used was 2-1 C. Tlie maximum temperature
Ihe minimum observed temperature during ibe observed investigation was 12° was C. ::4.5° C. ;

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PITTSBURGH COAL
COMPANY.
(Continued from Page 2(i i
which it has aimed to follow for the protection
of life, it assumed full liability, including indemnity
to representatives of the decedents.
To remedy or reduce the element of personal
hazard, measured by 80 per cent, of the cose of
the product, is a great concern to all.
The past year practically completed the change
from air and steam to electric power, either made
or purchased, which, with standardizing equipment
at the mines, has been a heavy past charge
to operation.
To maintain effective production, three new mining
plants are now in course of construction on
the line of the extension of the Montour railroad
and are expected to come into operation during the
present year.
At the end of the year there were owned and
held 150,516 acres of the Pittsburgh vein. Should
there be no greater annual exhaustion than during
1913 and no further acreage be hereafter acquired,
that now* owned will continue the life of
the company for about 54 years as a whole, with
the other veins in reserve.
The number of mining units in all regions, their
use and disposition, was:
Working all or part of year 75 82.42%
Working part of year (exhausted).. 4 4.40%
Available but not working 5 5.49%
Operated under leases 7 7.69%
Total 91 100.00%
Full possible running time of all the plants was
taken up by:
Production 78.12%
Shortage of men 3.38%
Shortage of cars 6.89%
Shortage of trade 5.53%
Accidents 2.10%
Labor troubles 0.73%
Holidays 2.18%
Floods and other causes 1.07%
Total 100.00%
During the year 150 shares of preferred, and
20.118 shares of common stock of the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. were
acquired, and there now remains about one-half
of 1 per cent, of the entire stock of that company
in outside ownership.
The construction of the Montour railroad extension
has been aided by favorable conditions,
and practical completion for a new road at time
fixed on July 1, 1914, is expected. The cost of
right of way and elimination of grade crossings
has been more than was originally estimated, but
that of other work and some materials has been
less, with sufficient funds on hand to meet further
expenditures yet to be made. The road will be
ready during 1915 to serve the uses and purposes
of its creation, as stated in the annual report for
1912, and which remain unchanged by developments
since then.
It has been a regret to your directors that discharging
debts and building up the physical structure
of the company, has so far deferred any adjustment
of the dividend arrearage upon the preferred
stock, amounting to 40.58% per cent, as of
Dec. 31, 1913.
Due to its present physical and financial condition,
its trade position and a belief in its ability
to maintain earnings up to an average better than
the past under like opportunities, your directors
have felt for some time that they would he warranted
in taking the matter into consideration, in
the hope that some adjustment plan might be
found that the company could undertake and be
acceptable to the shareholders; and therefore, a
committee of the hoard has been named to first
consider and advise what plan or course, in its
judgment, could be recommended, but action by
it has been delayed on account of the continuing
unsettled business situation, and will be until improvement
in its permits.
The carriers in Trunk Line territory north of
the Ohio and east of the Mississippi rivers, filed
tariffs with the Interstate Commerce Commission
on Oct. 15, 1913, to be effective after approval,
advancing rates on all freight including coal. This
action if made effective would add 5 cents per ton
on Lake cargo coal to a rate fixed by decision of
the Interstate Commerce Commission, March 11,
1912, which in its judgment "from the point of
view of the specific cost of doing this particular
business, is still too high."
The reason the Lake cargo rate was protested
was not for its amount, but that its relation to
other competitive districts was not right. The
rate fixed by the commission, March 11, 1912, and
especially the advance now asked by the carriers,
continues that unfair relation.
The interest of our company is to obtain for
this district a fair rate for the transportation service
rendered by the carriers, based on the relative
cost of the service to the shippers of this
district and to the shippers of other districts with
whom it is in competition, thereby eliminating the
discrimination which now exists. In the effort
to secure relatively fair rates, the company is now
before the Interstate Commerce commission in
opposition to the proposed advance in Lake cargo
rates. The company is not concerned in the proposed
advances of other commodity rates, nor does
it object to profitable coal rates from all districts,
but it is taking the ground that the carriers must
first establish a proper and equitable relation
among the rates from all competitive districts so
that if additional revenues should be allowed to

the carriers, and coal should supply any part, each
district would bear its proper share of tiie burden.
The Pension fund has to its credit $125,532.48,
with six payees upon its roll. Its substantial increase
from now on, will enable it to be more of a
factor for wider service, and will be availed of.
The Employees' Association was formed to encourage
and assist employees to save and invest
in stock of the company and to promote a special
interest in it. So far il has purchased and distributed
3.054 shares of preferred stock and 676
shares of common stock, and there are now subscribed
and partially paid for, 3,785 shares of preferred
and 1,671 shares of common stoek. Many
employees have been enabled to make a profitable
investment and become stockholders in the company.
Two reports of the Employees' Relief Associations,
one for this company and one for the Monongahela
River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co. are
appended hereto, for the reason theie are t-vo associations
ancl the funds belong wholly to their respective
members.
Taken together they again emphasize the ordinary
danger and risks of the work by the increase
in both fatal and non-fatal accidents for the year,
outside of the Cincinnati catastrophe. Tbe work
of these associations has been wide and helpful.
A conservative expectation of results for tbe
year is warranted based on tonnage movement so
far, consequent increase in production cost and uncertainty
of trade requirements, although there
has come a more general feeling of encouragement
for the future with some improvement in
demand. Production cannot reach the total of
1913 on the present level of general business, nor
become active again until its excess now carried
in stock has been used. Both cost and selling
value are involved in the renewal of the biennial
wage agreement which expires April 1, not yet
arranged. Full trade requirements of the company
will be maintained and can be met, after
possible interruption of running time for these
causes to some extent, by the reserve capacity of
tbe plants and handling* facilities which the company
now has, with labor and transportation sup­
ply.
The certified balance sheet of the company, submitted
herewith, is the usual composite one, excepting
that the Monongahela River Consolidated
Coal & Coke Co, results, assets and liabilities are
now included for the first time as one of its subsidiary
companies, and the joint showing now submitted
represents directly all of the assets and
all of the liabilities belonging to the company
wherever owned or owed and however held, instead
of by stock ownership and its cost as heretofore.
The schedules also submitted include the operat­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
ing results of that company with others and the
comparisons made arc as if like data had been included
in tlie statistics for 1912.
PRODUCTION—YEAR 1913.
Tons of Increase
2,000 lbs. Tons.
Coal-
Produced Pittsburgli District:
Pittsburgh Company 14,744,411 870,095
River Company 7,947,782 94,690
Total 22,092,193 964,785
Hocking District-Pittsburgh
Co 1,039,344 *347,967
Kentucky District—River Co. 182,037 18,111
Total coal produced. 23,913,574 634,929
Purchased, Pittsburgh District:
Pittsburgh Company 520,514 109,901
River Company 34,187 *41,237
Total 554,701 08.724
Hocking District—Pittsburgh
Co 33,529 6,198
Total coal purchased 588,230 74,922
Total coal produced
and purchased . . . 24,501,804 709,851
Coke—•
Produced, Kentucky District:
River Company 671 439
Purchased, Pittsburgh District:
Pittsburgh Company 204,729 *62.394
River Company *3,074
Total coke produced
and purchased 205,400 *65,029
Coal and Coke—
Grand tolal coal and coke
produced and purchased. 24.7U7.204 041.822
All Districts:
Pittsburgh Company ... 10,542,527 575,893
River Company 8.164,677 08.929
Grand total as above 24,707,204 011,822
•"Decrease.
GENERAL PROFIT AMI Loss ACCOUNT.
Gross receipts and deductions:
Year 1913. ncrease.
Gross receipts $30,260,146.00 $1,845,426.27
Less—
Operating charges and
general expenses 27.612.008.22 780,487.61
Taxes accrued 751,560.77 76.644.52
Interest on bonds, mortgages
and notes of
subsidiary companies. 74S.891.77 32,417.19
Discount and interest.. 208,433.87 13,864.90
Losses and insurance:
Fire, etc $348,849.92
Personal injury 157,230.80
Other losses.. 54,595.92
$500,676.64
Losses paid in
excess of am'ts
reserved 55,435.03
505.241.61 210,727.51

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Employes' pensions
200.00
Reservation for
pensions .... 17.506.95
17,700.95 2,010.69
$29,844,443.19 $1,110,152.42
Earnings for the year. . 0,421,702.87 729,273.85
EARNINGS.
Year 1913.
Earnings as shown in con­
Increase.
densed general profit
and account
Less—
$0,421,702.87 $729,273.85
Reserve for depletion of
coal lands—sinking
fund 1,034,900.73 113,015.94
Reserve for depreciation of
plants & equipments 1,284,206.14
Reserve for payment of
=-=101,909.22
bond premiums 520,127.99 30,665.49
Bond Interest—
$2,839,2-94.86 $48,372.21
First mortgage, 1904...% 442.387.28 *$35,607.86
Shaw tract purchase... 64,727.08 *2,972.23
Midland tract purchase 31,900.03 20,612.55
Debentures 297,124.97 *1,916.70
$850,139.30 *$19.S84.24
Total deductions ..$3,095,434.22 $28,487.97
Net earnings for year... .$2,720,208 . 05 $700,785.88
Less dividends paid on
preferred stock—5%. 1,353,590.(K)
Surplus earnings for year$1.372.078. 65 $700,785.:
*Decrease.
A condensed balance sheet under date of December
31, last, follows:
ASSETS.
Propertv and plant.... $81,815,015.70 $1,988,314.11
Treasury stock 4,928,200.00
Bonds and stocks 2,415,019.75 *560,006.15
Deposits with bond
trustees and bond reserves
10,880,223.16 730,330.43
Pension fund 110,205.9S 23,962.50
Inventories 7,132,056.06 1,512.431.57
Accts. and bills, rea... 6.79S.362.47 *1.107.574.97
Cash 2,217,361.98 *132,586.42
Total
Preferred stock . . .
Common stock
Stock pur. surplus.
Insurance funds . .
Contingent fund ...
Bond prem. res. . . .
Undivided earn. . . .
Bonds. mtgs., notes,
pension fund, bills
pavable, accounts pay­
5116,296.445.76 $2,454,871.07
$32,000,000.00
32,000,000.00
.1,021,991.78
356,859.25 *55,435.03
25,000.00
971,274.24 402,859.24
10,526.112.35 1.372,678.05
able .39,395,208.14 734.768.21
Total $116,296,445.76 $2,454,871.07
*Decrease. .Difference between cost and par
on treasury stock held and sold. {Bills payab'e
$4,053,680.03. increase $1,178,424.69; accounts payable
$4,061,740.46, decrease $1,245,920.22.
COAL ACREAGE.
OWNED.
Acres of
Unmined
Coal at
Jan. 1,1913.
Coking 51
Pittsburgh vein 152,718
*Freeport vein 59,346
Total Pittsburgh District 212,115
Hocking District 7.237
Kentucky District 2,430
Total owned 221,782
LEASED.
Pittsburgh vein 304
Hocking District 524
Total leased 828
Pittsburgh District-
Owned 212,115
Leased 304
Total 212,419
Hocking District—
Owned 7,237
Leased 524
Total 7,761
Kentucky District 2,430
Grand total owned & leased 222,010 220,102
*The companies also own an equal
underlying vein.
Acres of
Unmined
Coal
Jan. 1,1914.
51
150,465
59,346
209.862
7,165
2,404'
219.431
288
731
443
209,862
288
210,150
7,165
443
7,608
2,404
uea of cadi
The Illinois Workmen's Compensation law has
been declared constitutional by the State Supreme
court. The court held that the original act,
which was the basis of the law passed by the last
general assembly, was valid. The finding was
made in the case of Joseph Diebeikis versus the
Link-Belt Co. It was charged by the appellant's
lawyers that their client had been injured while
working for the defendant company. The appellant
brought suit for damages, although he previously
had entered into a contract with his employer
to come under the provisions of the compensation
act.
The three mines of the Superior Coal Co., Mr.
John P. Reese, general superintendent, on Monday,
March 9, broke all production records by
producing 13,431 tons and 1,100 pounds of coal,
as follows: Mine No. 1, 4,393 tons, 900 pounds;
Mine No. 2, 4,429 tons, 1,600 pounds, and Mine
No. 3, 4,603 tons, 600 pounds. There was no extra
preparations for the record breaking run, for on
March 7 the company produced 12,288 tons, 1,600
pounds, and during all of that week averaged 12.-
287 tons per day.
The Penn Mary Coal Co., Heilwood, Pa., can give
employment to 400 additional men at its six mines
at that place.

CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA WAGE CONFERENCE.
(Continued from Page 22»
negotiated by the Scale Committee that differs in
any of its terms or provisions from the one adopted
by the convention it shall be referred to the membership
for a referendum vote for ratification or
rejection."
The operators responded with the following propositions,
demanding the elimination of the checkoff
and a wage reduction:
"DuBois, Pa., March 3, 1914.
"To the Scale Committee of the United Mine Workers
of America of District No. 2:
"Whereas, under the terms and conditions of
the various scale agreements entered into for many
years between the operators and United Mine
Workers of America, the operators have been compelled
to collect from their organization employees,
in one form or another, the dues and assessments
levied by the United Mine Workers of America,
which system of collection is commonly called the
'check-off'; and
"Whereas, during the past few years at various
intervals extra assessments were laid or levied by
the United Mine Workers of America on its members
for the purpose of maintaining strikes at
other points or in other states, with the demand
on the operator to collect the same, which caused
more or less dissension and controversy, strikes
and suspensions in our own region; and
"Whereas, legal action has been taken in some
of the states against the United Mine Workers of
America for such action, alleging a conspiracy between
operators dealing with organized labor and
the United Mine Workers of America; and further
actions have also been threatened as disclosed
by newspaper reports; and
"Whereas, the check-off system has become so
serious, unreasonable and un-American from the
abuse or misuse on part of the United Mine Workers
of America as to make its abolition necessary.
"Therefore, be it resolved, that the Association
of Bituminous Coal Operators of Central Pennsylvania,
through its Scale Committee this day assembled,
do hereby demand from the United Mine
Workers of America of District No. 2, an elimination
of all such check-off provisions or clauses
from all future scale agreements, and that hereafter
the operators shall not be required in any
manner to collect in any form from its organized
employes any dues or assesments that may be
levied or laid on said employes by tbe United
Mine Workers of America."
"DuBois, Pa., March 3, 1914.
"To the Scale Committee of the United Mine Workers
of America of District No. 2:
"Whereas, the coal operators of Central Penn­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
sylvania, doing business within your district and
with organized labor, have granted the miners of
said district, from time to time during the past
15 years, increases in wage rates amounting to
50 per cent., which has resulted in the highest
wage that has ever been paid to the miners in
the history of this district; and
"Whereas, during said period of 15 years, the
cost of producing coal, outside of the question of
wages, has more or less likewise increased, produced
by increased cost of material and new mining
and other laws, both state and national; and
"Whereas, the competition from the non-union
or unorganized coal fields, which work on a lower
wage basis, is just as keen and severe as it ever
was with the operators of the Central district of
Pennsylvania; and
"Whereas, during said period of 15 years, the
average selling price of bituminous coal in the
markets, eliminating one or two temporary flurries,
has rather decreased than increased, and the
operators are further prohibited by the Sherman
law from forming any combination to regulate the
selling price of coal; and
"Whereas, a contract was made and entered into
on April 20, 1912, between said operators and
miners whereby a 5 per cent, increase in wages
was granted lo the miners who therein guaranteed
that the operators should have the right to
work their mines on the open shop basis, and,
notwithstanding such contract, the miners tat
numerous mines throughout the district refused
to work with non-union men, demanded an absolutely
closed shop which resulted in a large number
of strikes likewise in violation of said contract
and thereby materially interfered with the
business of said operators in not only a loss of
trade but also in the increase of expenses; and
"Whereas, since about Oct. 1, 1913, a decided
slump has taken place in the general business of
the country and especially in the coal business
to such an extent as to enable the large consumers
who make their annual contracts for a coal
supply based on normal business to accumulate
large surpluses or stock piles of coal, thereby resulting
in a general stagnation of the coal business
to such an extent as to make coal a drug on
the market, large accumulations of unsold coal
at the mines and only about half time for the
miners: and further that the coal business is showing
a steady decline, and that the large amounts of
surplus coal in the hands of the consumer do not
argue for an upward turn in the near future; and
"Whereas, the burden of depression of business
conditions must be recognized and borne mutually
by the miners and operators of this district;
"Therefore, be it resolved, that the Association
of Bituminous Coal Operators of Central Penn-

(ill THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
sylvania, through its Scale Committee this day assembled,
do hereby demand from the United Mine
Workers of America of District No. 2. a general
deduction of 10 per cent, from the wages paid
under the scale agreement of April 20, 1912."
Mr. Rembrandt Peale was chairman of the wage
conference. The following operators were members
of the Scale Committee: Messrs. B. M.
Clark, Punxsutawney; Rembrandt Peale, New
York; R. A. Hatfield. Philadelphia; A. S. Brown,
Osceola .Mills; J. II. Fulford. DuBois; C. H. Langdon,
Huntingdon; Arthur M. Riddell, Altoona;
F. A. Hill. Pottsville; J. B. Irish, Philadelphia;
H. B. Douglas, Clearfield; YV*. R. Craig. St. Mary's;
F. H. Wigton, Philadelphia; I. A. Boucher, Beaverdale;
J. R. Caseley, DuBois; Horace A. Tompkins,
Portage.
Other members of the Central Pennsylvania
Operators' Association who were present, include:
Messrs. A. M. Dunsmoie, St. Benedict; B. E. Taylor,
Brockwayville; C. B. Maxwell. .Morrisdale;
\V. R. Wil'burn, Philipsburg; J. C. Forsyth, Clearfield;
Harry Boulton. Osceola Mills: Austin Blakeslee,
DuBois; Vernon F. Taylor, Brockwayville;
G. XV. Shillingford. Clearfield; A. K. Wright, Clearfield;
Frederic B. Kerr, Clearfield; L. W. Smith,
Penfield; C. C. Gadd, Sykesville; James Harvey,
DuBois; Harry Scott, Philipsburg, and Dwight C.
Morgan, Kittanning.
NEW ENTERPRISES
Moulton Coal Co., Scranton, Pa.; capital, $2(1,-
000; incorporators, Dwight J. Beardslee, Peckville,
Pa.; Clarence J. Woodruff, Scranton. Pa.;
Will C. Moulton, Norwich, N. Y.; XV. C. Moulton,
Hawley, Pa.
Pawnee Coal Co., Brookville, Pa.; capital, $50,-
000; incorporators, J. T. Armstrong. Kittanning,
Pa.; W. W. Henshey, Brookville. Pa., and C. C.
Chicester and William Chilcott, Brockwayville,
Pa.
Lincoln Coal Mining Corporation, Fairmont, W.
^YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
C A N get you a large
i y ;• c ' ean core °f a " s hata un-
J^T^NnfiScay ^ er your ' anc ^ tc * De ex "
| L. aF^ amined in broad daylight.
!_* A I . No Guess Work. .
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Contrictors for DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
Va.; capital, $150,000; incorporators, J. H. Ritchie,
J. R. Burns, C. S. Windsor, W. C. Devanlt, and
C. L. Frost, all of Fairmont.
Letcher County Coal & Improvement Co., Whitesburg,
Ky.; capital, $100,000; incorporators, George
Hogg, Roxana; James P. Lewis, M. D. Lewis, and
J. H. Frazier, Whitesburg.
Strawn Coal Co., Fort Worth, Tex.; capital,
$500,000; incorporators, W. Burton, Paul Waples,
L. H. McKee, John L. Johnson, and A. Deffenbach,
all of Ft. Worth.
St. Paul Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, A. T. C. Gordon, Alexander
Black, Miles II. England, J. G. Buch and James
J. Nash, Pittsburgh.
Asher Coal Mining Co., Wasioto, Ky.; capital,
$593,000; incorporators, T. J. Asher, Robert Asher,
H. H. Asher, G. M. Asher, M. Brandenburg, and
A. J. Asher, Jr.
Skidmore Coal Co., Columbus, O.; capital, $10,-
U0(i; incorporators, William Skidmore, W. B.
Cockrell, Charles Beidenfeld, E. H. Hammond and
Nina A. McCoy.
Big Bend Coal Co., Viper, Ky.; capital, $50,000;
incorporators, .1. H. Justice, D. T. Rigby. C. H.
Barrowman. and B. F. Kaylor, all of Viper.
Overholt Bros., of Mt. Pleasant, Pa., have purchased
the interest of W. H. Cahagen, of Windber,
Pa., in a coal property at Habego, Pa., owned
jointly by them for $7(1,000.
Wanted—Situation-
Man (age thirty) fifteen years in general offices
of large Bituminous coal corporation, at present
assistant head bookkeeper, general knowledge of
accounting; would like to make a change.
Address P. L., care "THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
eoal land in fee. Seven hundred and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Situated
on the Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & O. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily produce
fifty (50,000) thousand tons per month. Price,
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dollars.
($150,000 cash, and balance to suit ffi> 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
^^TRTFTJTTAT-NT" COAL 5 "
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINE CARS
42 inch gauge; 3000 to 4000 pounds capacity
Good Condition. Low Price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT COMPANY,
3145 Penn Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
For Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-15
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUK, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet In diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, In
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see It, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TUADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
FOR SALE
Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
& D. also the Kittannings C. & B.
The E. & C. are being operated and open for
inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quarters
of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

COAL AND COKE IN CANADA IN 1913.*
The coal mining industry in Canada in 1913
was marked by an increased production in the
Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia and New-
Brunswick and in the Province of Alberta and a
falling off in the Provinces of Saskatchewan and
British Columbia. In the latter province the decrease
was entirely due to the continuance
throughout the year of the labor strike in the
mines on Vancouver Island. The lessened production
in these two provinces was however more
than offset by the increased output in Alberta
and Nova Scotia so that the net result for the
year was an increase of about 602,260 tons or
4.15 per cent.
The production by provinces during the past
three years is given below:
Province 1911
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
Tons Value
Nova Scotia 7,004,420 $14,071,379
British Columbia .... 2,542,532 7.945,413
Alberta 1,511,036 3,979,264
Saskatchewan 206,779 347.24S
New Brunswick 55,781 111,502
Yukon Territory 2,840 12,780
Total 11,323,388 $20,467,646
The total production of marketable coal for
the year comprising sales and shipments, colliery
consumption and coal used in making coke, etc.,
was 15,115,089 short tons, valued at $36,250,311 as
against 14,512,829 tons valued at $36,019,044 in
1912. Nova Scotia shows an increase of 188,839
tons or 2.4 per cent., Alberta an increase of 903,800
tons or 27.9 per cent., Saskatchewan a decrease
of 16,167 tons or 7.1 per cent, and British Columbia
a decrease of 494,548 tons or 15.4 per cent.
The figures for the Yukon represent for 1913 the
production from the Tantalus field only, no record
having as yet been received of the output below
Dawson.
The exports of coal in 1913 were 1,562,020 tons
valued at $3,961,351 as compared with exports of
2,127,133 tons valued at $5,821,593 in 1912, a falling
off of 565,113 tons or over 26 per cent.
Imports of coal during the year included bituminous,
round, and run of mine 10,743,473 tons
valued at $21,756,658; bituminous slack 2,816,423
tons valued at $4,157,622; and anthracite 4,642,057
tons valued at $22,034,839; or a total of 18,201,953
tons valued at $47,949,119.
The imports in 1912 were bituminous, run of
mine, S,491,840 tons valued at $16,846,727; bituminous
slack 1.915,993 tons valued at $2,550,992
and anthracite 4,184,017 tons valued at $20,080,388
or a total of 14,595,810 tons valued at $39,478,037.
Tons
7,783,888
3,208,997
3,240,577
225,342
44,780
9,245
14,512,829
1912 1913
Value
$17,374,751)
10,028,116
S,113,525
36S.135
89,560
44,958
$36,019,044
Tons
7,972,727
2,714,449
4,144,377
209,175
70,311
4,050
15,115,089
Value
$17,796,265
8,482,653
9,462,836
347,685
140,622
20,250
$36,250,311
Thus the increase of imports of coal in 1913
amounted to a total of 3,606,143 tons or nearly
25 per cent. The increase in the imports of bituminous
run of mine being 2,251,633 tons or
26.5 per cent., increased imports of slack 900,430
tons or 47 per cent, increased imports of anthracite
458,040 tons or 11 per cent.
The apparent consumption of coal during the
year was 31.685,456 tons as against a consumption
of 26,934,800 tons in 1912. Of the consumption
in 1913 about 42.8 per cent, was from Canadian
mines and 57.2 per cent, imported.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C O A v
PENNSYLVANIA.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Coke—The total output of oven coke during
1913 was 1,517,133 tons of 2,000 lbs. made from
2,147,913 tons of coal of which 1,598,912 tons were
mined in Canada and 549,001 tons imported. The
total quantity of coke sold or used by the pro­
ducers during the year was 1,530,499 tons valued
at $5,547,694.
In 1912 the total output was 1.406,028 tons
and the quantity sold or used by the producers
1,411,229 valued at $5,164,331.
The output by provinces in 1913 was: Nova
Scotia 920,526 tons, Ontario 411,643 tons. Alberta
65,229 tons and British Columbia 319.SOU tons.
That of Ontario was entirely from imported coal.
By-products from coke ovens recovered during
the year included 10,608 tons ammonia sulphate;
S,371,600 gallons of tar and 3,353,731 thousand
feet of gas, and the total value would approxi­
mate $866,150.
The ovens of the Acadia Coal Co. and London­
derry Iron & Mining Co. in Nova Scotia, the
Atikokan Iron Co. in Ontario, the West Canadian
Collieries and Leitch Collieries in Alberta and
the Canadian Collieries, Ltd., in British Columbia
were idle throughout the year. At the end of the
year there were 1,720 ovens in operation and
1.325 idle as follows: Nova Scotia 572 active, 376
idle; Ontario 110 active, 100 idle. Alberta 134 ac­
tive, 233 idle; British Columbia 904 active, 426
idle.
JAMES G. GEEGAN, GENERAL MANAOER
The exports of coke during 1913 were 68,235
tons valued at $308,410 and the imports 723,906
tons valued at $2,180,830. In 1912 the exports
were 57,744 tons valued at $252,763 and the im­
ports 628,174 tons valued at $1,702,856.
*Extract trom the Preliminary Report on the Mineral Production
oi Canada, during the calendar year 1913, by Mr. John
McLeish. Chiet ol Division of Mineral Resources and Statistics.
Department of Mines. Canada.
The Reading Iron Co. has successfully tapped
its old workings at Kimmelton, Pa., and has
drained the mine of 3.000,000 gallons of water.
The old mine is now being connected with the
new mine at Stoyestown, Pa., and the drainage of
the two mines is to be by gravity.
THE J. B. SANBORN CO. j
C Special Mercantile Agency ?
\ FO" THI £
COAL TRADE.
PUBLISHERS OF £
\ The Coal Dealers' Blue Book \
- Contains a Complete List for the United J
States and Canada of all Coal Operators,
-' Shippers and Dealers, Gas Companies, Eie- ;
? vators, Foundries, Mills, Iron Works, and )
2 all Manufacturers who buy Coal and Coke In ;
; car load lots, with capital and pay ratings. *
) .. _ ,.-. Roo _.„. . -. 1438 SO. PENN SQUARE, i
; 550 Monon Building, .40 Durborn St., . ._-. DUI. *:
CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. J
F. J. MULLHOLAND, SALE. MANAOER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL -PHONE, 2517 COURT
P Oc A 'PHONE, M 151
J. H. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS :
Moisture 1.53 BEST F O R S T E A M A N D
SbStoST -•-"-"-" HJ4 DOMESTIC USES
Ash - - - - - - 6.17
J rrj.per pound of Dry" Co*, 135 44" ° ffices : < 31 5 Park Building, PITTSBURGH.
Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, M PhoneS) Qr.nt 1822-1823-1824
( Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.
L

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, APRIL 1, 1914 No. 9
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1914, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN,
9->6-!)30 PAI-K BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
I Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
MARKET CONDITIONS are not entirely satisfactory
at this, the date of the opening of the coal year.
There are many factors that enter into this, not
the least of which is the generally unsettled busi­
ness situation and the curtailment of operations
on the part of the large transportation companies
and some of the larger industrial corporations.
The matter of the adjustment of freight rates,
which the railroads have been urging for some
time also has had an effect on the market, and
now the uncertainty as to just when the different
wage scales will be settled has added to the gen­
eral condition that makes for less satisfactory
market. Reports of increasing operations on the
part of the largest steel producer and decreased
surplussages of cars are at hand, and they have
their effect on the trade, but not to so great a
degree as they would have were other things
equal.
Wage conferences are now being held or ar­
ranged for in many of the districts, and these
are being watched eagerly as they will have some
effect on the market.
Conflicting reports are heard concerning the
amount of coal on the docks at head of lakes,
and at other large distributing centers, and ir
will take official reports to show just what really
is the situation in this respect. Reports from
insistent and they likewise show that inquiries
for large fuel supplies are not overly plenty.
In the Pittsburgh district trade conditions are
practically the same as in other districts. Mines
are not making more than two-thirds time, if
they are doing that well. Transportation diffi­
culties are being experienced, but they should
help, rather than hinder the market. Demand
is not what producers would like to see it, and
in consequence the hint of premiums that was
heard at the opening and the middle of last
month no longer is heard, and prices rule at
card figures. Like all other districts in the
Central competitive field, the Pittsburgh district
has its wage scale to negotiate, and this will
occupy the attention of producers and miners in
the near future. The rise in the rivers has helped
the river shipping companies and they not only
have gotten away a good sized shipment of coal,
but they also have brought to the Pittsburgh
harbor a large number of empty craft and these
will supply storage capacity for a large tonnage
while awaiting another shipping stage. With all
the conditions mentioned, operators are holding
prices at card figures, which are: $1.30 to $1.40
for run-of-mine coal; $1.40 to $1.50 for three-
quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for inch and one-
quarter coal, and 80 to 90 cents for slack.
Coke manufacturers have been bothered during
the past fortnight with some transportation dif­
ficulties, their troubles in this respect being
greater than the coal men. The difficulty is
being overcome, and shipments are now going
forward in larger volume, but it will take several
weeks to clean up the accumulation that fol­
lowed the start of the difficulty. Production has
kept on the upgrade steadily during all the month
of March, and the last week for which reports
are available show that the tonnage was the larg­
est of any week in the present year and the
largest since the first week of November, 1913.
Continued furnace activity indicates that the
different trade centers show that demand is not weekly tonnage will show still further increases

•J 2 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
and that, ere the midyear is passed, the Con­
nellsville region may be running close to capacity.
Meanwhile prices are maintained without any
difficulty and are: $2.50 to $2.75 for furnace coke
and $3.50 to $3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite trade enters April with the an­
nounced reduction of fifty cents per ton in prices
as the feature of that branch of the industry.
Rumors had been abroad that no reduction would
be made this year, but announcements have been
made officially by the producing companies that
there will be a reduction as in former years,
and it is in effect this date. Mines have been
working a little more steadily during the last half
of March, but output is not likely to break any
record during the month just closing. Rumors
of a recurrence of the button strikes that caused
so much annoyance last year are being heard,
but it is likely that the officials of the miners'
organization will put their foot down hard on
any such moves, and will do all in their power
to prevent them. This branch of the trade prob­
ably is in better shape than either of the others
as the contractual year opens.
* * *
GOVERNMENT ONCE MOKE IS ENDEAVORING TO PROVE
the existence of an anthracite trust, and has en­
tered suit against anthracite carrying roads and
individuals. The government contention is that
the edict of the supreme court simply has been
evaded and not compiled with and that, there­
fore, the alleged offenders should be made to
comply with the mandate of the law in every
way. It is probable that the case will drag to
weary lengths ere any conclusion is arrived at,
and it is a question whether the desired result
will be arrived at even when the case is con­
cluded.
* * *
AMERICAN COAL IS CROWDING out European coal
is the statement credited to the head of a large
Welsh coal syndicate, who is in this countiy foi
the purpose of arranging for the development of
some new properties in the Canadian northwest.
Incidentally he says that to insure himself of
supplies of fuel for the future, to meet the de­
mands of his trade, it will lie necessary for him
lo acquire American eoal lands and operate them.
Hence, no matter what reports may come or go,
it is safe to say that his trips of inspection here
are likely to bi ar fruit in future ownership.
ANTHRACITE DIST IS NOT EXPLOSIVE is the gist
of a preliminary report made by the Federal
Bureau of Mines, a few days ago. following a
series of tests in Pittsburgh, the final ones of
which were witnessed by the head of the state
department of mines and other officials of the
state, operating companies and of the bureau.
in view of the fact that absolutely opposite re­
ports have been made of bituminous dust and of
Welsh anthracite dust, this newest statement is
interesting, to say the least, and if further ex­
periments show that it is as much of a deterrent
as it now seems, at least one source of danger
will be removed from the anthracite mines.
* * *
MUCH OK INTEREST is to be found in the report
of the director of the Federal Bureau of Mines,
Dr. J. A. Holmes, a condensed form of which appears
in this issue of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The head of the bureau presents facts and figures
that are of more than passing interest to the coal
trade, and some of which call for careful and
detailed consideration on the part of every per­
son interested in the industry in this country.
He covers every phase of the trade and especially
does he outline the needs of his bureau if it is
to give the trade the maximum of sevrice and
the maximum of results. It should appeal to
every coal min.
Decision of the operators to vote down the min­
ers' final proposition at Chicago carried promise
of a month or two suspension—that is in the opera­
tors' meeting. They can get this now by- busting
their district meetings or just closing the mines.
Will they?
• * «
It's just one durn thing after another. Here's
Easter at hand, and the coal man hasn't time to
think whether he will wear one of the new bon­
nets with a little feather in it or whether it's the
"old lid" for him.
• • *
Do you know the joint interstate movement
salute? It is bestowing the marble mit. Charley
Maurer and Billy Green of Ohio do it best, but
there are others no slouches at it.
* * *
Government hasn't gotten all the trust busting
germs out of its system yet, and the coal trade
accordingly has to suffer.
* * *
And now the thrifty buyer will lay in his supply
of anthracite for the winter that is yet more
than six months away.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
INTERSTATE MOVEMENT BREAKS UP BUT SCALE RENEWALS
WITHOUT SUSPENSIONS ARE ARRANGED
The Interstate Wage Conference of the Western
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois districts
met in Chicago March 17 and adjourned sine die
March 24 without agreement. Out of the disso­
lution of the Intel state movement, however, a
basis was established for settlements providing
practically for renewals of the agreements expiring
March 31.
Meantime the miners' policy committee has di­
rected the union membership to continue at work
under the old scales while local inequalities are
Iieing adjusted in the several districts. This will
minimize suspensions, which can only occur
through unauthorized strikes or if the district con­
ferences deadlock. And a strict interpretation of
the policy adopted by the miners' representatives
at Chicago leaves very little room for this This
policy is subject, to referendum vote of the union
membership, but while it will meet opposition,
there is no question of its receiving a good ma­
jority vote.
The policy for
RENEWAL 01' AGREEMENTS
without suspension is established for all fields
where contracts expired March 3t. These
include Central Pennsylvania, West Virginia,
Michigan and the South, Southwestern and extreme
Western fields.
In Ohio the miners' policy provides that an agree­
ment may be made on "the equivalent of the ton­
nage and mining prices" now in effect. This can
only mean that the actual screenings determine the
mine-run rates if the anti-screen law becomes effective
May 15. It was the Ohio situation which
broke up the Interstate conference and the mines
in that state will suspend until their issues can be
adjusted.
While the Interstate conference failed it resulted
in effect in the usual basic agreement for the Pittsburgh,
Indiana and Illinois districts—practically
a three-state agreement without taking that form.
District conferences to adjust local inequalities are
now being held in the Central Pennsylvania and
W'estern Pennsylvania districts. Indiana will go
into conference promptly and that for Illinois is
arranged to start April 2.
In the March 2d issue of THE COAL TRADE BULLE­
TIN it was pointed out that the miners' union could
in their policy committee approve renewals of the
present agreements and authorize
CONTINUANCE AT WORK.
This was done and following is the text of the
platform adopted by the policy committee:
"Chicago, 111., March 25, 1914.
"We hereby recommend as a basis of settlement
of the wage scale in the states and districts under
the jurisdiction of the United Mine Workers of
America, whose contracts expire March 31, 1914,
or some date subsequent thereto, the following:
First, that the representatives of the United Mine
Workers of America in sub-districts, districts and
groups of districts are authorized and instructed
to negotiate and enter into wage agreements with
coal operators operating mines in their respective
jurisdictions, who will agree to the prices nowbeing
paid under the present contract for pick and
machine mining, day labor, yardage and deadwork,
or the equivalent of the tonnage and mining prices,
where any district, sub-district or group of districts
either by reason of an act of the legislature or by
agreement, may change their method of mining
from screen coal to mine-run.
"Second, that with the adoption of prices as set
forth in the preceding clause, the right to take up
for settlement
LOCAL INEQUALITIES
both as to prices and conditions in the different
districts, sub-districts or groups of districts is fully
recognized.
"Third, that all men employed in districts, sub
districts and group of districts are instructed to
continue at work pending a settlement of local
questions where the operators agree to the prices,
hours of labor and conditions of employment now
in effect; except that in districts where a change
from a screen coal basis to mine-run takes place,
the miners may continue at work pending a settlement
of all questions in dispute, in the event an
agreement to do so is reached by the representatives
of the operators and miners of said district.
"Fourth, that all contracts be made for a period
of two years beginning April 1, 1914, and ending
March 31, 1916.
"Fifth, that the questions of signing agreements
with individual employers together with all other
details of policy necessary to put into effect the
provisions herein stated is referred to the International
Executive Board with full power to act."
All of the 26 organized states and districts of the

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
union were allowed a representation of eight or
more in the big committee.
THERE WAS SOME OPPOSITION
to the policy from Ohio and otlier sections but it
was adopted In almost unanimous vote. On motion
of Joseph Smith of the Michigan mineis this action
was made subject to referendum vote of the union
membership, work to continue meantime.
The following is from a statement made after
adjournment of the policy committee for President
White-. Vice President Hayes and Secretary-Treas­
urer Green:
"The policy outlined * * * means industrial
peace. A settlement of tbe wage scale in all the
states and districts where contracts expire on
.March :ll will no dcrabt be brought about within
tbe near future.
"The committee * * * instructed the Interna­
tional officers to send out a circular to the local
unions instructing them to continue at work at
Ihe present prices and conditions of employment
pending a settlement of all local inequalities."
The Interstate wage conference held a prelimi­
nary meeting Tuesday afternoon, .March 17, but
went no further than to revive the organization
effected in Philadelphia in February, with President
XV. I.. Schmick of tlie Illinois operators as
chairman, William Green of the miners, and C. E.
McLaughlin of the Illinois operators, secretaries.
After this adjournment was taken till Wednesday
morning and the operators went into a separate
session. The operators Wednesday morning pre­
sented as their ultimatum a strict renewal of the
Cleveland agreement, adding a clause which would
protect them from demands at home and in district
conventions on matters not covered in existing
contracts. The niiners now hold as
UNWRITTEN LAW
that they may at any time make demands on matters
not covered in these contracts. This clause
was demanded by the Indiana operators who two
years ago were worsted and settlement delayed over
the weekly pay controversy. The niiners then
went into separate session and came back into the
wage conference Thursday morning with nothing
new to offer and the conference again adjourned
after very little discussion, the miners resuming
their separate meeting.
The miners on Friday morning brought in their
ultimatum for a renewal of the Cleveland agreement
with tlie elimination of clause three, sub­
stituting therefor the clause of the miners' de­
mands that internal differences and local inequali­
ties be referred back to the several distrocts for
adjustment, and that the mine-run question in
Ohio be referred to that slate under the provisions
of this clause.
The Ohio operators prepared
A COUNTER PROPOSITION
carrying three proposals. One that the screen
price of one dollar be continued if legal; a second,
that a pick mine-run rate of 61 cents be made the
basis if the law becomes operative; and a third
lo evade the law by paying 99% cents for the
screened coal and l'_ cents for the slack. This
would make the rate $1.01 but was consented to
by all Ohio operators because it would absorb
some local extras averaging this additional cent.
No vote was taken on these matters and at noon
Saturday, March 21, the wage conference recessed
till Tuesday morning. A motion was passed
providing that the Ohio people name a committee
of three from each side to act with the Interna­
tional officials of the miners' union in an effort to
adjust
THE OHIO SITUATION.
Tbe members of the i ommittee were Messrs. E. A.
Cole. Charles E. Maurer and S. H. Robbins of the
Ohio operators: John Moore. G. W. Savage and
Lee Hall of the Ohio miners, and John P. White,
Frank J. Hayes and William Green, the miners'
International officials.
Tuesday morning. March 24, the Ohio committee
reported disagreement. A separate session of the
operators was held and finally agreed to vote down
the miners' final proposition for a renewal of the
Cleveland agreement without clause three. This
was done Tuesday afternoon. Then followed ad-
jornment sine die on motion of Adolph Germar,
vice president-elect of the Illinois miners. This
tarried unanimously, and the Interstate movement
had again passed out of existence.
MICHIGAN OUTPUT FOR 1913*
Consolidated Coal Co 394,307
Robert Gage Coal Co 354,005
Republic Coal Co 90,433
Bliss Coal Co 89,435
Handy Pros 87,069
What Cheer Coal Mining Co 82,126
Caledonia Coal Co 39,464
Carbon Coal Co io 317
Five companies producing less than
10,000 tons each e 868
Total 1,156,024
Compiled lrom statistics furnished The Coal Trade Bulletin
the Hon. James V. Cunningham. Commissioner of London
Officers of the Indiana Bituminous Coal Operators'
Association were re-elected at the quarterly-
meeting recently. The officers are: Hugh Shirkie,
of Terre Haute, president; David Engle, of Oakland
City, vice president; P. H. Penna, of Terre
Haute, secretary-treasurer.

L
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 25
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA CONFERENCE BLOCKED ON CAR
HANDLING QUESTION
The Central Pennsylvania wage conference, in
session at Philadelphia, has till the issues out of
the way at this writing (March 31) except the
car pushing question. If this can be cleared up
a renewal of the old agreement will be made.
The operators are demanding a strict renewal of
the old agreement and the miners are holding
out. for concessions on the handling of tlie cars
to and from working places.
On March 23 the conference, which adjourned at
DuBois on March 6, met in Philadelphia. After
some consideration the issues were put in the
hands of a sub-scale committee of five from each
side witli the officers of the Central Pennsylvania
miners acting ex-officio. The following ;ue the
members of the sub-scale committee: For tbe
operators—Messrs. B. M. Clark, J. H. Fill lord, F.
A. Hill, J. B. Irish and A. S. Brown. For the
miners—Andrew Bottemly, John Watson, Joseph
McCoy, James Barwin and D. Cowan. Later Mr.
W. R. Wilburn was substituted on tlie operators'
committee for Mr. Hill and the miners made several
changes. President Patrick Gilday, Vice
President James Purcell and Secretary-Treasurer
Richard Gilbert of the Central Pennsylvania miners
acted ex-officio.
There is a clause in tlie old agreement for Central
Pennsylvania providing that operations shall
continue for a month after negotiations for a new
contract start. Negotiations this year started
March 3. In offering a strict renewal of the old
contract the operators stated that they would
close their mines in April under this clause and
stay clos-Jd until a new agreement is made. The
miners' represen-.atives on the committee offei ed
a renewal of the old agreement with the addition
of their demand "that all cars be delivered to and
taken from the miners' working faces." Both
these propositions were voted down and the min
ers offered as a substitute on the car-pushing
question the following change in the old agreement:
"Rule 21 to be amended to read as follows:
"On and after April 1, 1914, at all mines where
the weight of the empty car does not exceed ten
hundredweight, and where the combined weight of
the empty and loaded car does not exceed thirty
hundredweight, a commission of three shall be
named who shall make an investigation and determine
what method shall be used in taking the
cars to and from the miners' working faces. This
commission shall complete its work- within six
months from the date this agreement is signed.
and they shall visit every mine where a request
may be made for them by either the Mine Work­
ers or operators. The method of naming the
commission to be agreed upon by the scale committee.
"On and after April 1, 1914, at all mines where
the empty car exceeds ten hundredweight and the
combined weight of the empty car and load excoeds
thirty hundredweight, and not over forty
hundredweight, the car shall be hauled one way.
from or to the miner's working face, or whichever
way is the upgrade.
"On and after April 1, 1914, at all mines where
the combined weight of the empty car and load
exceeds forty hundredweight the operators shall
haul the car both ways to and from the miners'
working faces.
"The hundredweights referred to in this clause
are on the gross weight basis.
"At all mines where cars are pulled one or both
ways by the company the custom shall be continued
under this agreement, except at mines
where the combined weight of the car exceeds
forty hundredweight and the company pulls the
cars one way: at all such mines the company shall
come under the terms of this agreement and pull
the cars both ways.
"It is understood that the companies shall keep
all cars in good running condition at all times."
PITTSBURGH OPERATORS AND MINERS
REACH PARTIAL SETTLEMENT OF
WAGE SCALE.
The joint, conference of the Pittsburgh operators
and miners of the Pittsburgh district met in Pittsburgh
March 30, and after a short session passed a
resolution that partially settles the wage scale
question for the next two years. The resolution
was one arrived at by- a sub conference committee
of eight from each side.
The text of the resolution is:
"At a meeting of the joint scale committee of
the operators and miners of Western Pennsvlvania
held in Second National Bank building at 2 P. M.
Monday. March 30, 1914, the following was adopted:
"That the Cleveland agreement be reaffirmed for
two years beginning April 1, 1914, with the elimination
of Rule III, and the following substituted
therefor:
"That internal differences he referred for adjustment
to the various districts affected, with a
right to take up for settlement local inequalities
both as to prices and conditions in District No. 5
and that the mines continue in operation pending
the adjustment of these conditions."
The joint conference is to reassemble May 1 to

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
take up the local differences for adjustment, the
miners declaring they would lie unable to formu­
late their demands before that date.
The operators who were members of the com­
mittee were .Messrs. W. K. Field, who presided,
G. W. Schluederberg, John A. Donaldson, J. R. San­
ford, W. W. Kiefer. W. A. Luce, M. Gallagher. XV.
M. Henderson, and the miners were represented by-
President Van Bitner, and the district scaie com­
mittee, with Secretary-Treasurer Robert Wood act­
ing as secretary of the conference.
COLORADO COAL COMPANIES SUE UNITED
MINE WORKERS OFFICIALS FOR DANAGES.
Suits demanding $4,000,000 in damages from
the national and local leaders of the United Mine
Workers of America were filed March 20 in the
state and federal courts of Colorado by the coal
companies involved in the strike in Northern and
Southern Colorado.
The first of the suits was filed in the district
court in Trinidad by the Colorado Fuel & Iron
Co. against the miners' leaders for $l,0oo,ooo
damages.
The Victor-American Fuel Co. sued in the
United States district court in Denver, the Oak
View Coal & Colo* Go. in Huerfano county and
the Rocky Mountain Fuel Go. in Boulder county.
Each of the suits charges conspiracy and "violent,
riotous, unlawful and felonious conduct."
TESTS SHOW ANTHRACITE DUST IS NOT
EXPLOSIVE BUT RETARDS FLAME OF
EXPLOSION.
Tests which have been conducted for two weeks
at the Bureau of Mines station in Pittsbrugh and
the experimental mine near Bruceton prove that
Pennsylvania anthracite dust is not explosive and
has a tendency to limit, rather than extend, the
flame of a tire-damp explosion, according to a
preliminary report made March 25, at the Pittsburgh
station.
The result of the tests is of great importance
to anthracite miners and operators, since large
amounts of anthracite dust inevitably accumu­
late in the mines; and if it were explosive it
would be a menace almost impossible to obviate.
Welsh anthracite dust is very inflammable, according
to the findings of British engineers who
conducted tests in the British experimental gallery.
The findings of the British investigators
led the Bureau of Mines to look into the situation
in this state.
The culminating experiments were carried out
yesterday at the Pittsburgh station in the presence
of James E. Roderick, chief of the Pennsylvania
Department of Mines, Harrisburg; M.
J. Brennan, inspector, Pottsville; A. H. Lamb,
inspector, Shenandoah; S. J. Jennings, inspector,
Pittston; D. T. Davis, inspector, Wilkes-Barre;
G. B. Hadesty, division superintendent, and Mr.
Garner and Mr. Price, representing the Philadelphia
& Reading Coal & Iron Co.; XV. G. Whildin,
general superintendent of the Lehigh Coal &
Navigation Co.; W. S. Norton, chief engineer,
Alden Coal Co.; H. R. Owens, Lehigh Coal &
Navigation Co.; W. Gordon Thomas, Wilkes-Barre
Colliery Co.; Charles Enzian, representative of
Ihe Bureau of Mines, Wilkes-Barre; George S.
Rice, chief mining engineer, and Spencer P.
Howell, explosives engineer, both of Pittsburgh.
TRADE DIRECTORY OF SOUTH AMERICA.
A complete revision and detailed classification
of tin- names of South American importers and
merchants, made by the American consular officers
in co-operation with the Bureau of Foreign
and Domestic Comerce, has been published as
a section of a new edition of the World Trade
Directory. The lists have been brought up to
date and are presented in uniform style, with a
finding index.
A new feature is the listing, so far as the information
could be obtained, of (1 ) the American
and other foreign agents of South American
importing firms, and (2 I of the names of the
parent firms of branch houses located in various
South American cities.
The Directory does not aim to include the
names of South American exporters, nor are
the names of manufacturers given, except those
who are, or seem likely to become, purchasers of
American materials or merchandise. The publication
is a Directory of South American buyers
lor use by exporters and manufacturers in the
I'nited States.
Tin- Directory is in octavo form, bound in
buckram, and is sold at $1.00 a copy, to cover
partially the cost of printing. Those desiring
one or more copies of this Directory should apply
to the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce
for the necessary order blank.
Markle & Frank, of Uniontown, Pa., March 16
purchased from E. E. Runion, of Sutton. XV. Va..
240 acres of the Freeport vein of coal, underlying
land in Braxton county, W. Va. The tract
is located on the southeast side of Birch river.
The amount paid by Markle & Frank for the coal
was $7,000, or about $30 per acre.
A new trans-continental coke rate of $9 per
ton from Birmingham, Ala., to the Pacific coast,
will become effective April 30. according to official
announcement made March 21. This is a
reduction of $1 per ton.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF MINES
The work of the bureau during the three years
from its establishment, July 1, 1910, to June 30,
1913, has been mainly the investigation of problems
that have to do with the causes and prevention
of coal-mine explosions and the safeguarding
of the lives of coal miners. In addition, considerable
work has been done in the way of
analyzing and testing coal and other mineral fuels
belonging to or for the use of the Government
of the I'nited States, and during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1913, certain investigations looking
to greater safety and the prevention of waste
in the metal niining and miscellaneous mineral
industries have been begun on a small scale.
In connection with the investigations concerning
coal-mine explosions much has been done towai
d determining the differences in explosibility
of the different types of coal dust found in mines
of the various coal fields, and this investigation
is still under way. A much larger amount of
work has been done in connection with the investigations
into the causes of coal-dust and gas
explosions, the conditions under which these explosions
occur, and the possible means of preventing
them.
An extended investigation has been made into
the nature of the explosives used in coal-mining operations
and the possibilities of so changing the
character of these explosives as to diminish the
hazards connected with their use, and especially
with a view to lessening the possibilities of coalmine
disasters through the use of improper explosives
or the improper use of explosives in
niining.
Another extensive series of investigations has
been carried on to determine the extent to which
electricity used in coal mines may cause dust or
gas explosions, and the possibility of better safeguarding
the use of
ELECTRICITY IN COAL-MINING
Joseph A. Holmes Director
operations with a view to reducing the possibility
of its causing such explosions or of injuring
miners, by shock and otherwise.
Another line of investigations has related to
safety lamps for use in gaseous coal mines. A
number of tests have been made to determine
the relative merits of different types of safety
lamps with a view to improving their utility as
a means of furnishing light to miners, and also
their relative value and safety as a means of determining
the presence or absence of explosive
gases in the mines. This investigation has been
extended to cover portable electric lamps as well
as safety lamps using illuminating oils.
Still another series of investigations has been
conducted in connection with an endeavor to determine
the relative merits of, and the possibility
of improving, the types of apparatus used byminers
in rescue and first-aid work in times of
mine disasters. In connection with these investigations
the bureau has established six minerescue
stations, and has purchased, equipped, and
operated eight mine-rescue cars and one rescue
motor-truck, in all of which the purpose has
been not only to conduct certain practical experiments
with a view to developing better methods
and better equipment in mine-rescue and first-aid
work, but also to train the miners at a number
of different points in the different coal fields in
the proper use of the best equipment and methods.
This is done so that in case of a disaster at any
mine a sufficient number of trained men can be
found at or near such mine for immediate rescue
and first-aid work in the mine with which they
are personally familiar.
One beneficial result from the work of the
bureau is that it encourages research and inspection,
the purchase of mine rescue and first-aid
equipment, and the maintenance of mine rescue
corps by the private mining companies. it is
sometimes claimed that investigations and other
activities on the part of the National Government
discourage similar activities on the part of
mining companies. But such has not been the
case. On the contrary, the activities of the
Bureau of Mines have increased the work of private
laboratories and of engineers in private
practice or employed by private
MINING COMPANIES,
and in the various mining camps where our
rescue cars have done training and demonstration
work, mine-rescue and first-aid corps or
squads have been organized quite generally among
the miners and have been equipped and maintained
at the expense of the mine owners.
At the time the bureau first undertook the development
of modern protective methods, both as
regards rescue work at mine disasters and recovery
work at mine fires, there were in the United
States, as far as known, only a few sets of breathing
apparatus, and these were in use in the metal
mines at Anaconda, Mont. There are now owned
and in use by 170 private mining companies 76
rescue stations and about 1,200 sets of such apparatus,
besides auxiliary equipment for fire fighting,
in addition to the large number of such apparatus
owned by the bureau and widely distributed
among its various cars and stations.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The bureau has endeavored to extend the move­
ment for the establishment of rescue stations
Iiatterned after its own, at which miners may be
locally trained in mine-rescue and first-aid work,
so that there will be immediately available in
times of disaster groups of organized men trained
in scientific and rational rescue and recoverymethods.
There are now in the different parts
of the country several hundred such groups of
men. A number of the larger mining operators
have established 76 rescue stations; mine operators
now own 12 and two states own 4 rescue cars
equipped somewhat after the manner of those
operated by- the Bureau of Mines; and the movement
has otherwise been vigorously developed not
only in the coal-mining but to some extent in the
metal-mining districts.
A revolution has been brought about in the
explosives used in coal mines containing inflam­
mable gas or dust.
At the time of the inauguration of this work
black powder, with its long flame and poisonous
gases, was almost universally used in coal-mining
operations in the United States. One of the first
investigations undertaken by the bureau was thai
looking to improvement in the character of tne
explosives used. As a result of conferences with
mine owners, miners, and manufacturers of explosives
a number of these
MAM 1 ATI* REUS AGREED
to undertake the making of a new type of explosive
that would have for its special character­
istics an explosion flame of short duration and
relatively low temperature.
The bureau co-operated in the development of
this new type of explosives by establishing the
necessary standard with regard to safety, and
by testing the explosives submitted from time
to time to determine whether they had reached
such standard, or the manner in which and the
extent to which they failed to reach such standard.
As a result of this work, within a little
more than three years' time, the use of the new-
type of explosives, termed "permissible explosives,"
has become general in those mines where
the risk of gas or dust explosions was a serious
one. So rapid has been the introduction of the
permissible explosives that, during 1912, more
than lS.ooo.ouo pounds of these explosives were
used in the coal mines of this country. The
present work of the bureau along these lines is
to assure further improvements in these explo­
sives, and especially to reduce the quantity of
poisonous gases given off in firing shots, and to
reduce the shattering effect of these shots; and
also to bring about safer methods of handling
and tiring whatever explosives may be used in
mining.
Notwithstanding the large increase in the use
of electricity in coal-mining operations, and also
the increase in the number of mines in the past
few years, there has been no increase in the number
of fatalities from electric shock or burns, as
the following table shows. But the ignition of
gas and dust by electric short circuits has, it is
believed, been the cause of certain great explo­
sions that resulted in a large number of fatalities
not included in this list.
Fatalities in coal mines due to electricity and
to gas and dust explosions:
I Figures for 1907-1909 based on those of United
States Geological Survey. Figures for 1910-
1912 based on those in Bulletin 69.
Bureau of Mines).
Number killed
per 1,000
^_ employed.
Year.
3
O
1907.. _-
1908..
.
3,125
2,450
1909.. . 2,412
O !. r. ° • i.» a°
rr-t f, C
-_ .~ —' en
a OJ o
_ 8.2 •a
_" o
O 0
^ r-i
O
CO ._ o 43 '-
be _
St "3 CO ^ ~
•2_
O CO ~
947 _ — 0*a - *
1.39
396 * .57 *
341
.51 *
1910.. . 2.S40 5 1 8 79 .71 0.11
1911.. . 2,719 379 87 .51 .12
1912.. . 2.360 3111 70 .40 .10
::
Electricity not given as separate cause.
The bureau has conducted an investigation concerning
the insulation of electric wires in coal
mines and has recommended a number of im­
provements. It has conducted a series of investigations
with a view of developing explosion-proof
motois, approved types of fixed and portable electric
lamps, and better electric signals in mines,
regarding all of which there is serious need of
additional research.
The mine-safety appropriations of the Bureau
of Mines have been more largely devoted to a
possible reduction of mine explosions than to
any other phase of mine-safety work. Congress
made its first appropriation for investigation into
the causes and possible prevention of mine ex­
plosions in 1908, and appropriations for carrying
forward such an investigation have been made
each year since that time. Extended laboratory
tests have shown the differences in explosibility
of coal dust collected from different coal mines
in different parts of the country, and this particular
line of research
HAS BEEN MUCH FACILITATED
by the opening of the experimental mine at Bruceton,
Pa., which has, however, been ready only
within the past few months for the making of
serious investigations. As a result of these researches
and the educational campaign carried
on by the engineers of the bureau with the co­
operation of state mine inspectors, mine operators,

and the miners, the proportionate loss of life from
mine explosions decreased from 30.3 per cent, of
the total deaths in 1907 to 12.7 per cent, of the
total deaths in 1912.
Although the investigations of the Bureau of
Mines during the past few years have been limited
largely to the problems relating to coal-mine
explosions and the causes of such explosions, including
explosives, electricity, open or defective
lights, etc., the general educational work has included
all classes of mine accidents, and through
the co-operative efforts of mine inspectors, mine
owners, and miners there has been a reduction
in the aggregate number of coal-mine accidents
and a general improvement in mine-safety condi­
tions.
The decrease in the loss of life in coal mines
since 1907, the year prior to the beginning of the
mine-safety investigations authorized by Congress,
is shown by the following tabular statement:
Number of men killed in and about the coal
mines in the United States in the calendar years
1907 to 1912, inclusive, with death rates:
Number killed
Per 1,000,000 Production
Years Total Per 1,000 short tons per death
employed mined (short tons)
1907... 3,197 4.88 6.93 144,325
1908... 2,449 3.64 6.05 165,346
1909... 2,668 4.00 5.79 172,699
1910... 2,840 3.92 5.66 176,618
1911... 2,719 3.73 5.48 182,501
1912.. .2,360 3.27 4.42 226,469
The mine-rescue and first-aid training has now
been under way more than three years, and during
this time 31,203 miners have been trained
in the use of the necessary equipment and methods.
In connection with mine disasters the
Bureau of Mines men have rescued, through the
use of breathing apparatus, 83 miners. A large
number of miners have been rescued by others,
many of whom were trained or aided in the use
of modern rescue methods by the bureau, and
a very much larger number of miners have been
aided or brought to recovery through the prompt
first-aid work of miners trained by the bureau,
by the American National Red Cross, and by
other agencies.
In addition to the actual saving of life, an
important part of the work has been the lessening
of the suffering of injured miners through the
prompt and expert services of the men trained
in first-aid work. This work has not only re-
' duced the severity of injuries and kept some men
from dying, but it also has enabled miners to
resume work much sooner than they could have
otherwise. This is a conservation that it is difficult
to estimate in dollars and cents.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
The Bureau of Mines has been widely and
seriously criticized of late because of the slowness
of progress or the lack of progress in a
number of the more important investigations
authorized by its organic act. These criticisms
have come from mine inspectors, mine owners,
and especially from miners in different parts of
the country, and it is unquestionably true that
the effectiveness of the bureau's
EFFORTS TO OBTAIN
the active co-operation of all these forces with
a view to the prevention of accidents and the betterment
of mine conditions has been seriously
lessened by these delays. Even the confidence of
the niiners in the good faith of the National Government
regarding its work for better safeguarding
the lives of those who labor underground has
been weakened by such delays.
It is unfortunately true that the bureau has
made slow progress in safety investigations. Thus,
for example, as regards its efforts to determine
the causes of mine explosions and the means of
preventing them, the results of its laboratory investigations
during the first two years have required
confirmation by tests under actual niining
conditions. With the limited funds at the disposal
of the bureau for this work during any one year,
it has required three years to prepare a small
experimental mine for these confirmatory demonstrations—a
work that with adequate funds might
easily have been done within a single year. Meanwhile,
each year in reply to the many inquiries
coming from mine inspectors, mine owners ,and
miners, in regard to what methods could be
adopted for preventing mine explosions, it has
been necessary to ask for more time for testing
the proposed methods.
Again, the investigation of mine safety lamps,
which requires a well-equipped laboratory, a number
of experts, and an extended series of researches,
the work that the bureau has been able
to accomplish in three years might easily have
been accomplished in a single year under more
favorable conditions. Meanwhile it has been necessary,
in replying to constant inquiries from
miners in different coal fields, to ask for more
time within which to complete the necessary tests.
The outlook is highly favorable for oatiofacte-i*y
ultimate results, but the long delay in obtaining
these results has developed a serious impatience
not only among the mine inspectors but
among thousands of miners who are unable to
understand the reasons for such delays and are
inclined to consider them as indicating a lack of
interest in the miners' welfare on the part of
the National Government.
Equally serious has been the delay in connection
with several other researches in behalf of
greater safety, which, owing to a

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
LACK 01' MEN
ancl facilities, the bureau has not yet been able
to undertake. Such, for example, are those re­
lating to falls of roof (and roof falls cause nearly
50 per cent, of all the fatal accidents in coal
mines); the investigation of safety appliances in
connection with mine haulage and hoisting; safety
signaling systems; mine fires, their causes and
prevention; electric currents as possible causes of
coal-mine explosions; mine ventilation and its re­
lation to health conditions in mines; the development
of new types of metal-mining explosives
without poisonous fumes; mine sanitation; and
other mining problems.
The delays in the researches looking to the
improvement of mine-rescue equipment have been
especially unfortunate. The equipment now in
use by the engineers and miners of the bureau
in both training and rescue work and that which
has been installed in a large number of private
mine-rescue stations in different parts of the
country is unsatisfactory in many respects. Three
miners in the employ of the Bureau of Mines have
lost their lives within the past two years while
using breathing apparatus, and a larger number
of men in the employ of mining companies have
perished in efforts to rescue others in time of
mine disaster. The engineers of the bureau have
planned a series of investigations to determine
the causes of these fatal accidents and to point
out improvements necessary to their prevention;
but they have not yet at their disposal the neces­
sary facilities.
In the mine rescue and first-aid training work
conducted by the crews of the eight mine-rescue
cars and six mine-rescue stations maintained by
the bureau there has, from the beginning, been
an insufficient supply of equipment, material, and
men; and the funds at the
DISPOSAL OF TIIE BUBEAU
have been insufficient for the proper conduct of
this work during more than 6 months of each
of the first two years or 7 out of the 12 months
of the third year. Furthermore, this educational
work of the bureau has been rendered far less
effective because of the inability to have a mining
engineer and a surgeon constantly taking part
in it. examining mining conditions and giving
illustrated lectures and demonstrations before the
miners, mine owners, and mine inspectors, pointing
out possible improvements in the safety con­
ditions, and explaining the results of such investigations
as the bureau has been able to conduct.
Experience has shown that 10 days of such work
at any ordinary mining town is sufficient for the
needed rescue and first-aid training and will also
awaken interest and co-operation among the miners
and mine managers in behalf of general im­
provements in safety and other mine conditions.
Some of the investigations just mentioned have
not yet begun, the delay in beginning them being
due to lack of both laboratory space and facilities
and the necessary trained experts. In the case
of the other investigations mentioned, the progress
of the work has been slow because of the insuffi­
ciency of such facilities. It is a fact worthy of
consideration in this connection that progress in
reducing the loss of life in mining operation dur­
ing the past few years has been largely in con­
nection with those causes which the bureau has
investigated most extensively and concerning
which it is carrying forward its educational cam­
paign.
The larger part of the investigations of the
Bureau of Mines in relation to mine safety are
being conducted at Pittsburgh, on grounds and
in buildings loaned temporarily for that purpose
by the War Department; but these buildings are
entirely inadequate for the work being done. Furthermore,
one-half of the space now occupied by
the bureau on these grounds is in a building that
no longer belongs to the Government and will, in
the course of a few months, be torn down preparatory
to other
IMPROVEMENTS ON TIIE LAND,
which has been transferred to the city of Pittsburgh
for school purposes.
Through an exchange of lands with the city of
Pittsburgh a site for new buildings has been pro­
cured, consisting of 11 acres of ground within
the limits of that city, and Congress has authorized
an appropriation of $500,000 for the construction
of new buildings on this site. No part of
this appropriation, however, has been made available,
and the construction of the buildings must
therefore await the further action of Congress.
Meanwhile it will be necessary for the bureau
to remove a large part of its equipment from the
building now occupied, and to rent the space necessary
for housing these investigations in some
near-by building. This will mean, of course, still
further delays in the prosecution of the investigations
now under way. There is urgent need
that the appropriation for the new buildings to
house the experimental work at Pittsburgh be
made immediately available, so that the erection
of the buildings may be begun and pushed to completion
as rapidly as possible.
The grounds at. Bruceton, Pa., some 10 miles
southwest of Pittsburgh, which are used by the
bureau for experimental-mine work, are now
leased for a three-year period, so that the mine-
explosion experiments can not be conducted there
with any assurance of continuity in proportion as
funds for such experiments may be made avail­
able. The bureau should own these grounds to
safeguard the large expenditure already made in

developing the mine and in equipping it with expensive
appliances.
Among the smaller special needs in connection
with buildings for the work of the bureau at different
places are the following:
1. The extension of the mine-rescue station at
Birmingham, Ala., at an estimated cost of $3,000.
This extension is needed to provide suitable facilities
for giving training in the
USE OF MINE-BESCUE
apparatus, first-aid, and fire-fighting methods in
the presence of smoke and poisonous gases.
2. The acquiring of title to the building at
McAlester, Okla., that the Bureau of Mines has
been occupying during the past three years as a
mine-rescue station. This building was erected
by private subscription and has been offered to
the Government for $5,500, which is not more than
one-half its original cost. It is a substantial brick
structure, and is needed there by the Government,
not only as a headquarters for mine-rescue work
but also as a headquarters for the inspection of
the Indian coal leases under the supervision of
the Government in that region.
3. The construction of a shed, estimated to
cost not exceeding $3,600, for housing the minerescue
car stationed at Evansville, lnd., when at
its headquarters there. The land for this site has
been donated by the city of Evansville, and a side
track upon the land has already been constructed.
The bureau is also in urgent need of additional
equipment and other facilities. During the last
year it has been able to add little new equipment,
and a considerable part of the equipment now in
use has been in service for a number of years
and is in serious need of repairs or is out of date.
This is true as regards both fuel investigations
and mine-accident investigations. Furthermore,
not only has the mine-rescue work of the bureau
had to be curtailed during the year from lack of
adequate supplies and of equipment that men
could safely use, but the training and demonstration
work of the mine-rescue cars and stations
has been hampered and the
NUMBER OF MINERS
trained has been much reduced from lack of a
sufficient supply of rescue outfits and material.
The fact that all available equipment must be
used in ordinary training work makes it impossible
to keep an adequate supply of this equipment
in proper condition for the more dangerous
emergency work a mine disasters. A large part
of the rescue equipment owned by the Bureau of
Mines has already been used so much in training
work that it can not now be safely used for rescue
work in mines containing poisonous gases. There
is serious need of new equipment for all the rescue
cars and stations. It is estimated that this
equipment will cost not less than $30,000.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
There are several other important lines of investigation
relating to a better safeguarding of
the lives of the miners that, from lack of funds,
the bureau has not yet, been able to undertake
but for which th eneed is urgent. Some of these
arc as follows:
Falls of roof and falls of coal were during the
year of 1912 responsible for the loss of a larger
number of lives and a larger number of serious
permanent injuries than can be attributed to any
other two or three causes. The causes of these
accidents are much more complex than is usuallysupposed,
and to apply the remedial measures
adopted in some other countries would greatly increase
the cost of coal to the American consumer.
The subject is, therefore, worthy of a careful
investigation, which it is estimated, would cost
$35,000 to $40,000 a year for several years. This
cost is insignificant when it is remembered that
from this cause alone during the past five years
more than 5,000 lives have been lost and many
times that number of other serious accidents have
occurred. Taking the average recent compensation
rate of $3,000, the labor loss to the country
from this one cause has been more than $15,000,-
000 in five years, and the
LOSS IS MUCH GREATER
if the associated permanent non-fatal injuries be
considered.
Mine accidents from electricity, including electric
sparks as possible causes of mine explosions,
stray electric currents in mines as the possible
cause of many fatal accidents from the premature
firing of explosives, the problems of electric
switches and of electric-shot firing, are all phases
of an investigation planned but not yet seriouslyundertaken,
which, if conducted on a proper basis,
would require an expenditure for several years
of about $20,000 per annum.
The importance of this investigation becomes
more apparent when one realizes the rapid rate
at which electric machinery is being erected for
mining operations throughout the country.
Mine fires are another cause of a large loss of
life and large waste of resources in coal-mining
operations. It is estimated that this investigation,
if properly conducted, would cost about $25,-
000 per annum for several years. As compared
with this, a single great mine disaster, that which
resulted from a fire in a coal mine at Cherry, 111.,
on November 13, 1909, caused the death of 256
men and cost the country in appropriations and
subscriptions nearly $1,000,000. Another mine fire
at the Price-Pancoast mine, near Scranton, Pa„
April 7, 1911, caused the loss of 73 lives. Of
several coal-mine fires still in progress in the
anthracite region of Pennsylvania, one has caused
an expenditure of more than $1,000,000, with only
partly successful results. Other examples in

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
nearly every coal-producing state might be given
to illustrate the importance of this investigation.
The problems of mine ventilation and health
conditions are still needing investigation, for poor
ventilation and resulting bad air are daily in­
juring the health of many miners.
Imperfect ventilation near the working faces
in many coal mines may result in
[NJUBY TO HEALTH
from the poison of powder fumes, or it may make
mine explosions possible by failure to sweep out
the explosive fire damp. On the other hand,
necessary ventilation of the larger part of any
bituminous coal mine in cold weather has a drying
effect, continuously absorbing and removing
moisture from the mine and leaving the dry coal
dust dangerously explosive.
The ill effects of bad air, contaminated by powder
fumes and other gases, in many metal mines,
and the serious prevalence of fatal lung diseases
in metal mines, and the serious prevalence of fatal
lung diseases in metal mines where the rock dust
is siliceous—these and other ventilation problems
are seriously in need of thorough investigation.
It is estimated that such an investigation would
cost about $40,000 per annum. The need of such
an investigation may not be so easily demonstrated
as that of one dealing with the causes
of those great sudden disasters, followed by a
long list of fatalities; but the demonstration of
this need is no less strong nor less pathetic, ii
one studies the disease and death rates due to
the breathing of unhealthful gases or the dustladen
atmosphere of many siliceous mines.
The waste in coal niining is another drain on
our national wealth which calls for serious and
extended inquiry and investigation. A preliminary
estimate, based upon limited inquiry and ex­
amination, indicates an annual waste or loss g_f
coal in mining and handling of not less than
250,000,000 tons per annum. This represents a
loss from our best and most easily mined coals
and those nearest our great centers of industry.
What is needed in connection with this loss is a
thorough underground survey and examination at
certain carefully selected areas in each of the important
coal fields of the country, with a view
to determining the exact conditions under which
niining operations take place and the possibilities
of adopting less wasteful methods. With this
large amount of accurate information laid before
the public, it will then be possible to obtain the
adoption of far less
WASTEFUL METHODS OF MINING.
Such an investigation, thoroughly conducted,
would cost about $50,000 per annum for several
years. It is confidently believed that the results
of such an investigation would mean a saving
in fuel resources having a value to the nation
of considerably more than 50,000,000 tons of coal
Iter annum. In addition, they would contribute
largely to greater safety in coal mining; for in
coal mining, the safety and waste problems are
too intimately associated to permit separate treat­
ment.
During the year over 46,000 persons (mainly
miners) visited the mine-rescue cars and stations
maintained by the bureau, nearly 33,000 niiners
attended the mine-safety lectures, and more than
6,000 miners were given rescue or first-aid train­
ing. .Miners and operators in all coal fields have
taken active interest in the demonstration work
of the bureau, and the number of operators who
have organized and equipped mine-rescue corps
at their own mines at their own expense has
shown a most gratifying increase.
On the whole, there has been a decided decrease
in the annual number of serious mine explosions,
and in the fiscal year 1913 there was only one
disastrous explosion, that at the Cincinnati mine,
near Finleyville, Pa. The total number of lives
lost by explosions of gas and dust annually per
1,000 persons employed has been decreasing since
1910, as shown by the following table:
Number of men killed by gas or dust explosions
in coal mines in the United States, 1910-1912:
Percentage Number
Number of total killed per
Year killed number killed 1,000 employed
1910 518 18.24 0.714
1911 379 13.94 .520
1912 301 12.71 .416
The following table shows how rapidly the sales
of permissible explosives increased in the different
coal fields during two years:
Quantity of permissible explosives sold in dif­
ferent coal fields in the United States, 1911-1912:
Coal fields and regions. 1911 1912
pounds pounds
Pennsylvania anthracite field. 1,917,412 2,177,172
Northern Appalachian region* 6,350,272 9,267,149
Southern Appalachian region. 3.377.26S 3,920,125
Eastern interior field 337,012 733,940
Western interior field 255,050 439,825
Rocky Mountain region 1,177,075 1,488,789
Paciflc coast region 14,150 122,977
13,428,239 18,149,977
* Not including Pennsylvania anthracite field.
In many districts where permissible explosives
have not been adopted the miner or the operator
thinks that they are too expensive or nnsuited for
the work to be done, but wherever the coal is
undercut, either by hand or machine, the cost of
blasting per ton of coal need be no greater with
permissible explosives than with black powder,
and safety is vastly increased; but, of course,

neither operator nor miner should expect that
the right permissible explosive can be selected
without proper tests, nor should men who have
used black powder only be expected to know the
most efficient methods of placing and charging
shots of permissibles until they have gained experience.
In those districts where the prevailing practice
has been to shoot off the solid, the growth of a
sentiment in favor of undercutting the coal is
noticeable. Shooting off the solid—with the attendant
use of large charges of explosive which
shatter the coal, increase the proportion of fine
dust, and injure the roof—has been responsible
for more accidents to miners and more loss of
property than almost almost any other coal-mining
practice.
The state of Colorado has passed a law requiring
the use of portable electric lamps, except
safety lamps for testing, in all local mines, by
October 1, 1913, provided this bureau has approved
one or more patterns of such lamps by
that time.
The greatest proportion of the loss of life in
coal niining was, as usual, from
FALLS OF ROOF
and coal. In general such accidents are due to
carelessness and failure to prop the roof, and are
largely to be remedied by education and closer
inspection of the workings. The companies that
have been most successful in reducing accidents
from falls of roof have employed sufficient assistant
foremen so that the miners can be visited in
their working places two or three times a day.
The assistant foreman tests the roof, teaches the
miner to do so properly, and when a prop is necessary
or a piece must be taken down waits in the
place until the work is done. This supervision is
supplemented by giving lantern-slide lectures at
evening meetings, showing how accidents occur
and how they can be avoided. As already mentioned,
the mattei- of mine supports is being
studied by the bureau. A considerable number
of laboratory tests have been made to determine
the strength of various kinds of timber, concrete
pillars, and other types of roof support. Work
on a much larger scale is planned.
The bureau has begun an investigation of conditions
in the coal-mining industry, with special
reference to those factors that are directly related
to the conservation of life and the prevention
of unnecessary loss in mining coal. The ultimate
object of the investigation is to anticipate
as far as possible the probable changes in the
coal-mining industry with a view to aiding the
best utilization of the nation's coal resources.
Special attention is being paid to those changes
in methods of mine management that look toward
the prevention of lost time and idle equipment,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. .33
and to the work being done to improve living
conditions in mining communities.
Work was begun in 1912 and five months were
given to preliminary work in the anthracite and
bituminous coal fields of Pennsylvania. The investigation
is being conducted by A. G. White,
mine technologist.
During the past year the bureau has acquired
by purchase or by gift the following
PARCELS OF LAND
on which to construct sidetracks as permanent
stations and headquarters for the various cars:
Car 1.—On its property at No. 4 colliery at
Kingston, a suburb of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., the
Kingston Coal Co. has laid a sidetrack and erected
a shed, without expense to the bureau, and has
furnished connections for supplying the car with
gas, water, steam heat, and electricity.
Car 2.—Through the courtesy of the Denver &
Rio Grande Railway Co., the bureau has acquired.
at a nominal rental, property in Burnham, a
suburb of Denver, Colo., on which a sidetrack
has been laid by the bureau.
Car 3.—By courtesy of the city officials of
Evansville, lnd., a piece of land, in the center
of the city and adjacent to the belt line and other
railways, has been donated to the Government
as a station for car No. 3. The bureau has laid
the necessary siding for this car, and should erect
housing for the protection of the car as soon as
funds are available.
Car 4.—This car has been provided with ground
for a station in the center of the business district
of Pittsburg, Kans., through the generosity
of the Santa Fe Railway Co., which presented the
land to the Government. Grateful acknowledgment
is made of the interest shown by the city
of Pittsburg, and by Governor G. H. Hodges, of
Kansas, as evidenced by an appropriation of
$3,500 for constructing a building in which to
house the car and its attendants. This building,
being on Government property, will be under the
custody of the Government, but is for joint and
co-operative use of the Bureau of Mines and the
state mine inspectors.
Car 5.—At the expense of the bureau, ground
for a permanent station for car No. 5 has been
provided at Billings, Mont., on which the bureau
has laid the necessary sidetracks.
Car 7.—As a permanent station for car 7 the
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. has generously
furnished a piece of land along its
RIGHT OF WAV,
in the center of Huntington, W. Va., at a nominal
rental for a long period of years, and has also
laid the sidetrack.
Car S.—A permanent station for car S has been
provided in Ironwood, Mich., through the courtesy
of the Chicago & North Western Railway Co.,

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
which has leased to the Government at a nominal
rental for a long period of years a piece of land
in the center of the city. The bureau has laid
the necessary sidetrack, and mine operators in
the Michigan mining districts are endeavoring to
obtain funds for constructing a building to house
the car.
It is to be noted, in connection with the generous
action of the various railroad companies
mentioned in furnishing the facilities for per­
manent stations for these cars, that over 73 of
the principal railway lines of the country haul
the cars free of cost to the Government to and
from mine disasters and on tours of training.
A rescue motor truck has been purchased for
the Birmingham, Ala., station in order to enable
rescue men to reach promptly any mine in the
Birmingham district in case of disaster and save
miners who might perish were succor delayed
even a lew minutes, and in order to train at the
mines, when off shift, those miners who can not
afford to leave their work to visit the station at
Birmingham. This truck can carry to a mine
disaster 10 rescue nine, with the necessary artificial
breathing apparatus and first-aid supplies,
which weigh in the aggregate nearly a ton, and
are too heavy for quick and efficient transportation
by wagon, and will be able to reach in a
little over an hour any mine in the district. This
truck should materially increase the effectiveness
and usefulness of the Birmingham station.
During the year 12 demonstrations, including
tests of safety lamps in the lamp galleries and
demonstrations of breathing
APPARATUS AMI METHODS
of first aid were given at Pittsburgh. These
demonstrations were witnessed by about 1,500 persons,
including representatives of the international
Association of Testing Materials, the International
Congress of Applied Chemistry, the International
Mine Experiment Station Conference, the Mine-
Rescue and First-Aid Conference, the Coal Mining
Institute of America, State mine inspectors,
engineers of the Navy Department, mining in­
structors, students of niining engineering, mine
operators, mine foremen, and fire bosses.
Previous to the examination held in April, 1913,
for bituminous mine inspectors in Pennsylvania,
about 50 of the candidates—24 being inspectors
then in office—visited the station at various times
to witness demonstrations and see the various
types of safety lamps, especially those approved
by the department of mines of Pennsylvania.
Again, previous to the mine foreman and fire
bosses examination in the Seventeenth Pennsylvania
bituminous district, a majority of the can­
didates visited the station to witness demonstrations
and learn the methods for testing for gas.
Experiments were made at the Pittsburgh sta­
tion with differing designs of a hand-fired fur­
nace to determine the effect of the different features
of construction upon smoke production and
the furnace efficiency. In tests with Pittsburgh
coal it was shown to be possible by careful firing
to operate the boiler at approximately its rated
capacity without the smoke emission exceeding
that permitted by the smoke ordinances of most
cities. The manuscript for a technical paper de­
scribing some of these tests and showing the re­
sults obtained has been prepared for publication.
The work done by the bureau in relation to
the coking of coal included (1) studies of the
fundamental constituents of coal in the attempt
to determine why some coals coke and
OTHERS DO NOT,
and to ascertain how the coking qualities
of a coal may be improved, and (2) the study of
coke and the possible improvements to be effected
in the utilization of coke, especially in foundry-
practice. The constituents of coke were studied
at the Pittsburgh experiment station under the
supervision of the chief chemist. The experi­
ments dealing with the construction of coke ovens
and efficient utilization of coke, also conducted
at the experiment station, were under the supervision
of the chief mechanical engineer.
Experiments and tests to ascertain the temperature
and the gases at different points in a foundry
cupola, and thus determine the conditions governing
the efficient utilization of coke in foundry
practice, were completed and the results were
published in a bulletin.
An experimental by-product oven was designed
for carrying on much-needed experiments to throwlight
on unanswered questions in regard to coking
the coals of this country in ovens of the latest
type. The enormous annual waste of resources
that attends the making of coke in beehive ovens
has been repeatedly noted in previous reports of
this bureau and deserves thorough study.
A small by-product oven was designed and built
for the study of the precipitation of tar from
the gas and vapor from the oven by means of an
electrical method (Cottrell system). This method
seems to be of much promise to the by-product
industry as regards lessened cost and better separation
of the by-products.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN SHIPMENTS.
The coal and coke tonnage of the Norfolk &
Western Railway for February, 1914, was:
Coal Coke
Pocahontas S86.287 64,610
Tug River 204,074
Thacker 19S.228
Kenova 71 401
Total 1,359,990 64,610

Illinois United Mine Workers in their convention
in addition to action already chronicled
voted to hold their next convention in Peoria,
in 1916; elected a legislative committee consisting
of William Hall, Springfield, John Tuttle,
Harrisburg, and Robert Wilson. Marissa; passed
a resolution pledging the delegates to work for
the referendum vote to loan the International
Executive Board $150,000 to carry on the fight
in Colorado; defeated an attempt to change the
constitution so that officials would have to obtain
a majority vote to be elected instead of a plurality
vote; refused to sanction the bi-ennial election
of officers; and heard the financial statmeent
which showed that the income for the year was
$658,857.97. expenditures $607,704.23 and the balance
on hand $945,729.43. The defense fund had
a balance of $722,326.43 at the opening of the
year, and had accessions of $510,920.05, making
a total of $1,233,246.48. The expenditures from
this fund were $502,815, of which $100,000 was
loaned to the International Executive Board, and
a like sum to the Western Federation of Miners,
and $70,972.50 was special assessment levied by
the International Executive Board.
State Mine Inspector C. J. Norwood, Perry V.
Cole and T. J. Barr, comprising the Kentucky
State Board of Examiners for applicants for mineforeman
certificates, have issued 23 certificates
to those who successfully passed the examinations
begun February 23, as follows: First class, George
Coburn, McRoberts; G. H. Darbyshire, Jenkins;
John E. Dent, McRoberts; David J. Llewellyn,
Jenkins; M. B. Mitchell, Raymond; C. F. Rainey,
Warren, and W. R. Rainey, Warren. Second-class,
H. S. Adkins, Rigley; J. C. Angel, Bradel; F. L.
Long, Lower Greasy; F. F. McCoy. Warren; J.
Dunn, Van Lear; Herschel Poge, Beach Creek;
W. A. Ross, Warren; John D. Simpson, Excelsior;
C. C. Ward, Williamsport; George C. Wolfe, Van
Lear. Four other applicants received third-class
certificates, entitling them to act as foremen only
in non-gaseous mines employing not more than
25 men.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
The official canvass of the vote of the United extend the time of the present wage contract to
Mine Workers of District No. 24, Michigan, shows July 31, subject to ratification by a referendum
these officers elected: President, Harry Elliott, vote of the miners.
of Saginaw; vice president, Frank Jones, of Bay
City; secretary-treasurer, Ralph Deardon, of Bay
City; international board member, M. W. Gaffney,
of Bay City. For district board members
the following candidates were declared elected:
Frank Heath, of Bay City; Chas. Grause, of St.
Charles; Thomas Farley and Rodger Kirk, of
Saginaw. The district tellers chosen were A. K.
Smith, of Bay City, Harry Clements, of Saginaw,
and Fred Mason, of St. Charles.
At a meeting held recently in Nanaimo, British
Columbia, Canada, 700 miners unanimously
adopted a new schedule of wages with the Western
Fuel Co. They returned to work at once.
The new agreement is to run three years. Its
principal provision is that miners get 10 per cent.
advance in wages though nothing is said of recognition
of the United Mine Workers.
John Mitchell, former head of the United Mine
Workers, was appointed a member of the
Workmen's Compensation commission of the
state of New York, March 16, by Governor Glynn,
and the Senate at once confirmed the appointment.
The appointment was made under a law
passed recently by the general assembly.
Mine workers of Ohio, who may be injured
while being taken into the mines on cars, will
be entitled to benefits under the compensation
law, according to information just made public by
the industrial commission in response to an inquiry
made by President Moore, of the United
Mine Workers.
In a ruling given by Attorney General Hogan
of Ohio, lake vessels owned by Ohio corporations
come within the scope of the new workmen's
compensation law and if their employes, hired
in Ohio, are injured, even outside of the jurisdiction
of the state, they can collect from the insurance
fund.
A statement of the finances of sub-district No.
5 of Ohio, United Mine Workers, made to the
annual convention by Secretary-Treasurer Applegate,
shows total receipts during the past year
to have been $18,948.09, expenditures $8,359.96,
and balance on hand $10,588.13.
Joseph Angelo, international organizer for the
United Mine Workers of America, was sentenced
at Vancouver, B. C, Can., March 23, to four years'
imprisonment for his part in the Nanaimo coal
strike riots of last August.
The joint conference of operators and miners'
representatives in the state of Texas agreed to
The executive board of District No. 7, of the
United Mine Workers of America, has decided
to place men at each session of the examining
board which grants certificates to anthracite
miners.
Pardee & Co., operating anthracite mines in
Carbon county, Pa., have notified all their em-

36 'HE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ployes they must either quit the use of all intoxicating
liquors or seek employment elsewhere.
As a result of the referendum vote of Michigan
coal miners, they will continue at work until a
new wage scale is signed for two years or def­
inite rupture of negotiations is arrived at.
Press dispatches from the Jenkins-McRoberts
coal fields of Kentucky say the Consolidation
Coal Co. can use a large number of men, as
there is a shortage of miners.
An eight-hour law to apply to the coal mines
of the state, has been introduced into the Maryland
legislature.
The Belgian parliament has passed a bill establishing
a nine hour working day for mechanical
workers in mines.
FEBRUARY ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS.
The anthracite shipments for February, 1914,
as compared with 1913. were:
Companies. 1914 1913
Philadelphia & Reading ... 746,793 1,165,449
Lehigh Valley 681,844 1,062,129
Jersey Central 563,650 761,070
Del., Lack & West 573.553 763,571
Del. & Hud 442.378 567,371
Pennsylvania 426,100 491,062
Erie 533,307 055,919
N. Y., O. & \V 153,826 207,598
Total 4,121,451 5,674,169
The shipments for the year 1914 as compared
with 1913 were
Month. 1914 1913
January 5,175,732 6,336,419
February 4,121,451 5,674,169
March 4,909,288
April 5,966,189
May 5.995,742
June 5,970,047
July 5,487,852
August 5,369,900
September 5,572,279
October 6,338,194
November 5,786,931
December 5,662,618
Totals 9,297,183 69,069.628
The Kentucky House Committee on Mines and
Mining has reported favorably a bill fixing the
salary of the chief mine inspector at $3,000 a
year and creating two additional assistants.
ALABAMA PRODUCTION IN 1913
According to a report just issued by C. T. Nes­
bit. chief state mine inspector, there were mined
in Alabama during 1913 17,884,735 tons of coal.
This figure is 1,371,695 tons over the same period
in 1912 and of the list of counties Jefferson shows
up to best advantage, leading its nearest com­
petitor. Walker, by 5,166,869 tons.
During the year a life was lost for every 144,222
tons of coal mined. This figure shows up much
better than in 1912, the figures for that year
being 136,371 tons mined for every life lost. The
total number of men employed in 1913 was 25,290,
an increase of about 2000 over 1912. For every
204 men employed in in 1913 a life was lost, which
also shows a gain over 1912, the figures for that
year being 193 men employed for every life lost.
The official report as issued by Chief Nesbit is
as follows:
"Tons of coal mined in Alabama for 1913:
County. Tons.
Jefferson 9,011,250
Walker 3,944,381
Bibb 1,948,542
Blount 300,850
Tuscaloosa 987,972
Shelby 498,009
Cullman 61,556
Winston 27,195
Etowah 60,394
Marion 60,455
Jackson 22,231
St. Clair 981,152
DeKalb
Total 17,883.735
Total number of tons mined in 1912 .16,513,040 tons
Total number of men worked in 1913 25,290
Total number of men worked in 1912 23,349
Coke production in 1913 3,526,624 tons
Coke production in 1912 2,881,861 tons
In 1913, 144,222 tons of coal mined per life lost.
In 1912, 136,471 tons of coal mined per life lost.
In 1913, 204 men employed for each life lost.
In 1912, 193 men employed for each life lost.
The S. J. Harry Co., of Connellsville, Pa., has
been awarded a $100,000 contract for the sinking
and timbering of two shafts for the Salina Coal
& Clay Co., of Greensburg, Pa. Equipment and
materials are now being assembled on the scene
at Avonmore, Westmoreland county, near Saltsburg.
One shaft, 12x24 feet and 350 feet deep
will be for the mining of the Freeport vein of
coal. The other shaft, while of the same size,
will be 450 feet deep and will be for the niining
of flre clay.

PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
IN 1913 BY DISTRICTS.
FIRST ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Delaware & Hudson Co 2,601,430
Sterrick Creek Coal Co 449,628
Scranton Coal Co 348,089
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 185,975
Archbald Coal Co 114,555
Humbert Coal Co 77,508
West Mountain Coal Co 20,011
Fall Brook Coal Co 4,780
Total 3,801,976
FOURTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Co 3,212,486
Hudson Coal Co 268,898
Scranton Coal Co 218,167
Thorne-Neale Washery 151,196
People's Coal Co 138,607
South Side Coal Co 63,212
Premier Coal Co 27,551
Carleton Coal Co 8,372
Minooka Coal Co 5.071
Total 4,093,575
SEVENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 3 7
JENKIX T. REESE. Inspector.
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co 2,815,367
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 1,961.192
Delaware & Hudson Co 639,891
Wilkes-Barre Anthracite Coal Co 235,882
Red Ash Coal Co 237,027
Rissinger Bros. & Co 52,565
Pittston Coal Mining Co 33,232
Total 5,965,206
EIGHTEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
THOMAS J. WILLIAMS, Inspector.
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co 801,772
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. 720,549
Maryd Coal Co 314,202
Dodson Coal Co 289,854
Coxe Brothers & Co., Inc 267,592
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 257,133
Mill Creek Coal Co 109,344
East Lehigh Coal Co 44,667
Port Carbon Coal Co 40,972
Alliance Coal Co 32,170
Eastern Pennsylvania Coal Co 31,716
Gorman & Campion 31,602
Schuylkill & Lehigh Coal Co 27,260
Total 2,968,833
NINETEENTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Philadelphia & Reading Coal Co 1,415,214
Lytle Coal Co 387,075
Pine Hill Coal Co 342,258
St. Clair Coal Co 337,661
Oak Hill Coal Co 275,248
Buck Run Coal Co 215,807
Darkwater Coal Co 103.999
White & Co 52,681
Mt. Hope Coal Co 44,748
Wolf Creek Coal Co 42,553
John H. Davis Co 31,893
Butcher Creek Coal Co 16,128
Black Heath Coal Co 4,917
Total 3,270,182
THIRD RITf.UI.NOtS DISTRICT.
Allegheny River Mining Co 405,851
Acme Gas Coal Co 380,822
Sharon Coal & Limestone Co 350,289
Mercer Iron & Coal Oo 202,439
Keystone Mining Co 188,188
Erie Coal & Coke Co 153,275
Samuel Sherwin 141,417
North Penn Coal Co 137,330
State Line Coal Co 127,520
Butts Cannel Coal Co 109,636
Lochrie Brothers Coal Co 98,000
Monterey Coal Co 92,157
Pardoe Coal Co 92,064
Westerman-Filer Co 90.874
Widnoon Coal Mining Co S9.672
Clarion Coal Mining Co 89,431
F. II. Mizener 82,048
H, K, Wick & Co., Inc 76,091
Chestnut Ridge Coal Mining Co 71,880
H. K. Wick & Co. (formerly Eagle Coal
Co.) 71,088
Hedstrom Coal Mining Co 67,502
Mutual Coal Mining Co 65,302
Monarch Coal Co 56,200
Leesburg Coal Co 56,130
Grand Coal Co 54,581
Frank Williams & Co. (formerly Hillville
Coal Co.) 49,423
J. V. Morris 47,505
Raridan & East Brady Coal Co 46,998
Rochester & Pittsburg Coal & Iron Co, 46,793
Nellie Coal Co 46,191
Cunningham Coal Co 45,505
Shenango Coal Co 44,529
Kittanning Plate Glass Co 43,358
S. J. Mountz 3S.000
Vogeley Coal Co 33,365
Francis Coal Co 33,000
Grove City Coal Mining Co 2S.861
Standard Coal Mining Co 18,736
Oakes Brothers Coal Co 14,818

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
North Pittsburg Realty Co 14,809
J. H. McCurdy & Son 14,351
R. J. Dye & Co 13,780
McKain Brothers 11,108
Standard Fuel Supply Co 8,150
Berger-Aiken Coal Co 6,200
Dominion Coal Oo. (formerly McConnell
Brothers Coal Co.) 5,205
Wildwood Coal Co 5,000
Victoria Coal Co. (formerly Commonwealth
Fuel Co.) 4,128
Preston Coal Co 681
Total 3,970,281
THOS, K. ADAMS, Inspector.
EIGHTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Morrisdale Coal Co 451,967
Morris Run Coal Mining Co 396,943
Peale, Peacock & Kerr, Inc 358,490
Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corp 335,952
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 325,959
Moshannan Coal Mining Co 323,733
Blossburg Coal Co 293,813
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corp 284,408
Fall Brook Coal Co 204,254
Kelley Brothers Coal Co 173,168
Ashman Coal Co 104,367
Victoria Coal Mining Co 103,039
Goshen Coal Co 93,538
J. Edward Horn & Co 86,356
Osceola Coal Co 84,842
Irish Brothers Coal Co 84,645
Atherton-Bames Co 67,512
Guion Coal Co 63.078
Kato Coal Co 58,655
Thomas J. Lee 5S.420
F. J. Dunham & Co 54,919
E. J. Goodyear & Sons 43,251
Appenboor & Barnes 42,795
Glenn Coal Co 42,049
O'Donnell Brothers 41,938
Lane Coal Co., Inc 39,004
James F. Stott 38,934
Cuba Coal Co 31,655
Jenkin Brothers 31,573
Scotac Mining Co 27,358
Ralston Coal Co 26,789
Grace Coal Mining Co 21,288
Dunbar Coal Mining Co 20,583
Blair Brothers Coal Co 19,564
Patten-Bigler & Patten, Inc 17,800
White-Dugan Coal Co 17.255
Woodland Cannel Coal Co 17,052
Coaldale Mining Co 17,035
Nowak Coal Co 15,497
Moravian Coal Co 13,290
Heath Brothers 12,353
A. B. Lansberg 11,606
W. F. Holt 11,505
William J. Davis 11,047
William Frazier 10,948
Osceola Coal Mining Co 7,739
Edward Harris & Sons 7,314
John Barnes & Sons 6,819
Red Jacket Coal Mining Co 6,720
Blossburg & Coal Run Coal Co 3,877
Jones Hill Coal Co 2,361
Rock Run Coal Co 2,000
Total 4,627,267
JOSEPH KNOPPER, Inspector.
TENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corp 803.780
Commercial Coal Mining Co 453,552
Vinton Colliery Co. (see table 2) 427,741
Sonman Shaft Coal Co 318,260
W. H. Piper & Co 277,687
Shoemaker Coal Mining Co 246,909
Taylor & McCoy Coal & Coke Co 216,174
Nant-Y-Glo Coal Mining Co 213,470
Altoona Coal & Coke Co 212,153
Tunnel Coaling Co 205,868
F. P. McFarland 189,437
Cardiff Coal Co 183,004
Big Bend Coal Mining Co 159,081
Lincoln Coal Co 152,601
Springfield Coal Mining Co 132,399
Glen White Coal & Lumber Co 132,399
Lilly Coal Co. and W. H. Hughes 128,715
Estep Brothers Coal Mining Co 101,141
Juniata Coal Co 59,600
W. H. Hughes & Co 56,550
The Anderson Coal Mining Co 39,619
Leahey Coal Mining Co 38,992
Bear Rock Coal Co 38,648
John A. Leap 30,314
Standard Coal Co 28,570
Leap Coal Mining Co 21,731
James Harris & Sons 21,345
Sugar Run Coal Mining Co 20,475
T. C. Harding 18,239
Robert Smith Coal Mining Co 15,946
Richland Coal & Mining Co 14,325
Henderson Hughes & Co 11,812
Bens Creek Sonman Coal Co 10,297
F. X. Bradley 6,820
Bens Creek Coal Mining Co 5,379
George Mazenko 4 577
London & Page 3 739
Dexcar Coal Mining Co 16,302
Fallen Timber Coal Co 17,454
Total 5,051.581
JOSEPH WILLIAMS. Inspector.

TWELFTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co. 2,195,400
Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corporation 774,500
Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Co.. 397,097
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation 382,418
Cascade Coal & Coke Co 211,297
Ellsworth-Dunham Coal Co 186,823
Punxsutawney Coal Mining Co 180,174
John McLeavy & Co 176,857
Dayton Coal Co 143,307
Dixon Coal Co 142,238
Hillsdale Coal & Coke Co 117,207
Bowersville Coal Co 116,454
Urey Ridge Coal Co 114,256
Summit Coal Mining Co 101,735
Russell Coal Co 95,209
Glenwood Coal Co 81,370
Bear Run Coal & Coke Co 61,272
Chestnut Ridge Coal Co 57,875
Sutter Coal Co 42,995
Indiana Coal Co 39,465
Dixonville Coal Co 38,200
Superior Coal Mining Co 34,645
Cortez Coal Co 31,255
Madeira-Hill Coal Mining Co 29,776
Electric Coal Co 25,111
Lindsey Coal Mining Co 23,900
Hamilton Coal Mining Co 21,248
Clark Bros. Coal Mining Co 20,895
Hudson Coal Mining Co 10,215
Total 5,853,194
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
No. of mines 74
No. of mines in operation 58
No. of tons of coal shipped to market. 4,812,836
No. of tons used at mines for steam
and heat 288,810
No. of tons sold to local trade and used
by employes 33,580
No. of tons used in manufacture of coke 717,968
No. of tons coal produced 5,853,194
No. tons of coke produced 509,874
No. of coke ovens 2,121
No. of coke ovens in operation 2,121
No. tons of coal produced by pick mining
1,737,288
No. tons produced by compressed air
machines 3,447,600
No. tons produced by electrical machines 668,306
No. of persons employed inside of mines 5,646
No. of persons employed outside coke
workers 1,165
No. of persons employed at manufacture
of coke 322
No. of fatal accidents inside of mines. 16
No. of non-fatal accidents inside of
mines 31
No. of non-fatal accidents outside 3
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
No. of tons of coal produced per fatal
accident inside 365,825
No. tons produced per fatal accident
inside and outside 365,825
No. persons employed per fatal accident
inside 353
No. persons employed per fatal accident
inside and outside 426
No. persons employed per non-fatal accident
inside 182
No. persons employed per non-fatal accident
outside 388
No. persons employed per non-fatal accident
inside and outside 200
No. wives made widows 9
No. children made orphans 15
No. steam locomotives used outside.... 10
No. electric motors used inside 110
No. fans in use 40
No. furnaces in use 8
No. gaseous mines in operation 7
No. non-gaseous mines in operation... 51
No. new mines opened 1
Gasoline motors in use inside 4
FOURTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
THOMAS A, FURXISS, Inspector.
Ford Collieries Co 916,157
Bessemer Coal Co 590,402
Saltsburg Coal Co 503,470
Allegheny Coal Co 440,514
Valley Camp Coal Co 425,414
Cornell Coal Co 351,473
McFetridge Brothers 262,367
Superior Fuel Co 260,056
Pittsburg Plate Glass Co 249,664
Keystone Coal Co 209,543
Cochran Coal Co 206,454
Avonmore Coal & Coke Co 198,573
Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co... 196,940
Pine Run Co 193,073
Roaring Run Mining Co 183,284
Conemaugh Coal Co 137,845
West Penn Coal Mining Co 132,058
Mitchell-Watson Coal & Coke Co 131,170
United States Sewer Pipe Co 120,000
Allegheny Coal & Coke Co 109,466
Howard Gas Coal Co 109,301
Armstrong County Coal Co 104,882
Paulton Coal Mining Co 96,758
Maher Coal & Coke Co 95,913
Kerr Coal Co 95,267
Raridan Coal Co 92,383
Apollo Coal Co 89,882
Dalliba Coal Co 85,833
Ben Franklin Coal Co 84,877
Leechburg Coal & Coke Co 74,970
Aladdin Coal & Coke Co 71,521
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 58)

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PENNSYLVANIA ANTHRACITE PRODUCTION FOR 1913*
Philadelphia & Reading Coal
& Iron Co
Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western Coal Cor])
Lehigh Valley Coal Co
Delaware _ Hudson Co....
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal
Co
Pennsylvania Coal Co
Lehigh Coal & Navigation
Co
Scranton Coal Co
Susquehanna Coal Co
Mineral Railroad & Mining
Co
Kingston Coal Co
Hillside Coal & Iron Co...
Hudson Coal Co
Coxe Bros. & Co., Inc
G. B. Markle & Co
Summit Branch Mining Co.
Pardee Bros. & Co
Price Paneoast Coal
West End Coal Co..
A. Pardee & Co
Forty Fort Coal Co.
Jermyn & Co
Sterrick Creek Coal
C. M. Dodson &Co.. .
Lytle Coal Co
Mt. Lookout Coal Co.
Lackawanna Coal Co
Pine Hill Coal Co
Plymouth Coal Co
St. Clair Coal Co
Connell Anthracite Mining
Co
Maryd Coal Co
Mt. Jessup Coal Co., Ltd...
Midvalley Coal Co
Allien Coal Co
Harleigh Brookwood Coal Co.
Dodson Coal Co
Thomas Colliery Co
A. S. Van Wickle Estate. . .
Oak Hill Coal Co
Colonial Collieries Co
Greenough Red Ash Coal Co.
Moosic Mountain Coal Co..
Wilkes-Barre Anthracite Coal
Co
Red Ash Coal Co
Co.
Co..
Ltd.
191; 1912
11.344,046 10.S73.61S
9,187,024
8,086.221
6.550,083
5,754,750
5,392,876
4,324,561
2,183,979
2,006,168
1,998,240
1,772,567
1,539,651
1,534,395
1,461,019
1.451,311
946,670
637,516
637,404
631,255
586,597
554,207
507,620
449,628
393,32
387,07
375.82
343,609
342,258
342.191
337,661
331,309
314.202
307,184
304,867
300,48S
298,648
289,854
288,110
284,763
275,248
267.725
265,578
251,207
235,882
227,027
8,511,072
7,311,510
5,560,554
4,828,070
4,865,000
3,673,945
1,960,992
1,767,109
1.703,114
1,936,411
1,453,389
2,023.276
1,353,011
1,109,468
843,142
565,466
584,981
533,561
521,503
530,573
502,070
459,031
351,750
338.437
285,571
328,883
278,390
322,408
384,840
247,794
247,230
240.274
317,177
206,747
137.715
221.683
328.228
254,345
262,160
326,380
244,603
201,141
98,982
244,823
"Compiled Irom reports furnished bv the State Mines Department
and State Mine Inspectors in lone tons
Excelsior Coal Co
Buck Run Coal Co
Elliott, McClure & Co
Girard Mammoth Coal Co.. .
Northwest Coal Co
East Boston Coal Co
Harwood Coal Co
Shipman Koal Co
Enterprise Coal Co
Upper Lehigh Coal Co
Northern Anthracite Coal Co.
Thorne-Neale Washery Co..
John S. Wentz & Co
Peoples Coal Co
Raub Coal Co
Buck Ridge Coal Co
Archbald Coal Co
Dolph Coal Co
Trevei ton Colliery Co
George F. Lee Coal Co
Mill Creek Coal Co
Traders Coal Co
Darkwater Coal Co
Green Ridge Coal Co
M. S. Kemmerer & Co
Hazel Mountain Coal Co....
Rissinger Bros. Coal Co....
W. T. McTurk Coal Co
O'Boyle-Fay Anthracite Coal
Co
A. I). & F. M. Spencer Coal
Co
Nay-Aug Coal Co
Cambridge Coal Co
Humbert Coal Co
H. H. Smith & Co
South Side Coal Co
Wilkes-Barre Colliery Co...
White & Co
40 companies iiroducing less
than 50,000 tons each
10 companies not appearing
on 1913 report
226,784
215.807
212,887
212,756
1S7.778
1S6.289
176,394
174,130
173,682
171,510
169,798
151.196
142,260
138,607
129,002
115,267
114,555
113.213
112.162
111,905
109,344
104,508
103,999
100,137
98,931
97,188
93,386
90,266
84,453
83,660
80,990
78.724
77,508
69,705
63,212
61,320
52,681
96,SOS
265,284
205,869
247,458
111,766
177.218
79,943
220,477
177,746
182,077
138,106
201,477
132,353
113,360
167,938
137,845
88,138
115.440
127,310
151,888
100,357
102,969
20,303
101,251
102,619
120,833
105,309
86,664
118,659
121,039
56,624
98,361
69,617
72,882
52,157
11,073
40.139
1,103,894
518,667
Totals 81,884,324 75,639,462
Representatives of the I'nited Mine Workers
and the representatives of the coal operators, and
the representatives of other crafts who do collective
bargaining, employ conciliation boards in
the adjustment of minor disputes, and agree to
arbitration rather than enter the throes of strikes
will be asked to attend the first public hearing
of the commission of industrial relations, which
will begin Monday, April 6, at Washington.

PLANS FOR UNITED STATES BUREAU OF
MINES PITTSBURGH STATION APPROV­
ED AND OUTLINED.
Plans for the proposed $500,000 experiment sta­
tion of the United States Bureau of Mines to be
locattd in Pittsburgh, Pa., have been approved by
the commission appointed by Congress for that
purpose. The federal government now owns the
property upon which will be erected a group of
buildings, especially designed and adapted for the
carrying on-of the mine safety work and other in­
vestigations in which the Bureau of Mines is interested.
Congress a year ago, in the Public Buildings
bill authorized a new home for the Bureau of
Mines to cost $500,ooo. It is now expected that
Congress, in its present session will make a spe­
cific appropriation so that construction work may
begin. It is hoped that contracts may be let by
July 1. The director is hopeful that the buildings
may be completed in the fall of 1915, when they
will be dedicated with suitable ceremony, includ­
ing a second National Mine Safety demonstration,
similar to that held at Pittsburgh, 1911.
The commission which has approved the plans
consists of J. A. Holmes, D. C. Kingman, chief of
engineers of the United States army, and O. Wenderoth,
supervising architect of the treasury. The
state of Pennsylvania has appropriated $25,000 for
co-operation in establishing this experiment sta­
tion and has appointed a state commission consisting
of James E. Roderick, chief mine inspector,
Dear W. R. Crane, of the mining department, Penn­
sylvania State College, and W. R. Calverley. This
latter commission has tentatively approved the
plans.
The buildings which will constitute the experi­
ment station of the bureau will form a part of a
most remarkable and unusual group of monumental
edifices devoted to educational purposes. On one
side the bureau's buildings will face the great
group of structures of the Carnegie School of Technology.
On another side is the Carnegie Insti­
tute, in which are the art gallery, museum and
library. Nearby is the imposing colony of build­
ings of the University of Pittsburgh. Other nearby-
buildings are the Memorial Hall, Pittsburgli Ath­
letic and University Clubs and the Hotel Schenley.
The site consists of nearly 12 acres of land, part
of it on the higher level of the city streets and
part of it on the level of the B. & O. railroad,
which railroad will furnish adequate facilities for
passengers and freight traffic.
The group consists of three main buildings
facing Forbes street and the several street car lines
from the uptown district. The central building
of the group, the Mining building, will be three
stories in height, flanked by two main buildings,
one the Mechanical and the other the Chemical
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
building In the rear of these and inclosing a
court will be the Service building. Beyond the Ser­
vo e building and spanning the Hollow and thus
connecting the Bureau of Mines buildings with the
Cainegie schools, will be two buildings over the
roofs of which will pass the roadway from Forbes
street to the Carnegie school buildings and Schenley
park.
Between the main group and Ihe power and fuel
group will be the entrance to a series of mine
shafts. One of these will be used as an elevator
to carry heavy material and passengers from the
lower level to tbe upper; another will be for tests
of hoisting ropes and similar mining appliances;
another will be an entrance to tunnels extending
under the buildings and in which mining experi-
mets, such as fighting mine fires, will be con­
ducted.
The portion of the hollow above the Power build­
ings will be arranged as a Miners' field, the slopes
of the ravine being utilized as an ampitheatre which
will accommodate 20,000 spectators who may as­
semble here to witness demonstrations and tests
in mine rescue and first aid.
The main or Mining building will contain the
administrative offices, and those of the mining
lone. In it will be an assembly and lecture hall,
a library and smoke and otlier rooms for demon­
strations and training in mine lescue and first
aid. The Mechanical building will be for experi­
ments and tests of mining machinery and appli­
ances and the Chemical building for investigation
and analyses of fuels, explosives and various min­
eral substances.
Tbe buildings now used by the Bureau of Mines
as an experiment station at Pittsburgh were loaned
to the bureau by the War deparlment as an emerg­
ency measure when the bureau was created. The
War department has suggested that it now needs
these buildings and it is felt the bureau cannot
retain possession much longer. The buildings are
very old and are entirely nnsuited to the needs
of the Bureau of Mines work*. It is said thai the
investigations have been seriously handicapped
by the inadequacy of the structures now in use.
RUMOR MINES WILL CLOSE.
Press dispatches of March 28, are to the effect
that all the mines in the state of Ohio will close
this date and will remain closed until a wage scale
is negotiated anil the mine-run payment basis is
removed.
The press dispatches quote officials of the Ohio
Coal Operators' association as authority for the
statement.
The Belmont Coal Mining Co., Geneva, O., has
reduced its capital from $500,000 to $10,000.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
RAILROAD ORDERED TO DISPOSE OF
STOCK INTERESTS IN COAL COMPANY.
The terms upon which the Hocking Valley,
Toledo & Ohio Central, Chesapeake & Ohio and
Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railroads shall
dispose of their equity in the Sunday Creek Co.
and the Continental Coal & Coke Co. and by
which the Chesapeake & Ohio shall dispose of
its interest in the Kanawha & Michigan road
were prescribed in a decree handed down at
Columbus. 0., March 14 by United States Circuit
Judges Warrington, Knappen and Denison.
By the decree, the Lake Shore is given two
months in which it must inirchase tho stock of
the Kanawha & Michigan owned now by the
Chesapeake & Ohio or the joint interest of both
roads in the Kanawha & Michigan must be sold
to others. The same time is allowed for complete
disposal by private sale of the Sunday Creek Co.
stock and that of the Continental Coal & Coke
Co. by the railroads now holding it.
If those decrees are not carried 1 out in that
time, the court will appoint a master to direct
the dissolution.
The principal feature of the decree is that the
Lake Shore road virtually is compelled to buy
the Kanawha & Michigan stock owned now by
the Chesapeake & Ohio. According to the former
decision. the Chesapeake & Ohio was forced to
sell its interest, but since the Lake Shore was
not compelled to buy it openly, Chesapeake &
Ohio officials feared sale of the stock would be
forced at an extremely low price according to
statements of counsel for the Chesapeake & Ohio.
Counsel for both the government and the railroads
reserved announcements of whether they
would appeal from the court's decree.
In the decree the Bankers' Trust Co. of New
York, is enjoined from enforcing an agreement
betw-een the railroad companies owning the coal
properties for an equal division of freight traffic
from the Kanawha and Hocking Coal & Coke
Co. or the Continental Coal & Coke Co. The
railroads had placed securities in the hands of
the trust company when this agreement was
made to insure its enforcement. The court al
ready had held the agreement illegal.
At the annual meeting of the Crow's Nest Pass
Coal Co., in Toronto, Can., March 16, the stockholders
made inquiries as to the possibility of a
dividend. Net profits for the year amounted to
$471,405. The amount of coal mined during the
year was 1,106,378 tons, or 102,000 tons more than
in 1912 and 253,541 tons of coke, or 8,212 tons
more than in 1912. During the year there was
expended on development and improvement $178,ooo.
and the bank liabilities were reduced by
$331,000.
• INDUSTRIAL NOTES •
_i_-j__-___-_______-„__M~-_~-^^~^~J^L.
One of the most comprehensive booklets that
has come to hand lately is the handsome catalogue
of the Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., descriptive of
its mine and industrial locomotives, for use in
and around mines, industrial plants, lumber op­
erations or wherever internal plant haulage is
necessary. The cover is a beautifully lithographed
scene of late evening showing mine locomotives
manufactured by the company drawing the final
trips of the day from a coal mine with the set­
ting sun seen in the background and the shad­
ows of the evening illuminated in the foreground
from the electric headlights of the locomotives.
The catalogue carries illustrations and descrip­
tions of the various types of locomotives built,
from the three-ton one to the massive 25-ton one
capable of hauling 416 tons on level track and
122 tons o na three per cent, grade. Gathering
locomotives, crab locomotives for both hauling
and gathering, electric reel cable locomotives, in­
dustrial locomotives, electric locomotives for coke
plants, storage battery locomotives and storage
battery trucks are shown, and then details of
the construction, showing the simplicity, solidity
and ease with which all the parts can be reached
to make repairs or adjustments are shown in halftone
illustrations. One of the features of the
catalogue is the table showing the relative caiiacity
of the different locomotives on level tracks
and as against grades up to six per cent.
The Main Island Creek Coal Co., of which Mr.
John Laing, of Charleston, W. Va., is president,
recently awarded a contract to the Link-Belt Co.,
of Nicetown, Philadelphia, for designing and
building a complete new tipple equipment consisting
of an entire steel tipple including apron conveyors
for bringing the coal down the hillside,
shaking screens for separating it into the various
sizes such as lump, egg, nut and slack, and picking
tables and loading booms for better preparing
the coal for the trade and permitting it to
be loaded into railroad cars with the minimum
amount of breakage. The tipple will be erected
in the neighborhood of Logan, W. Va.
The Joseph F. Wangler Boiler & Sheet Iron
Works Co., of St. Louis, Mo., has secured a contract
from the Odin Coal Co., of Odin, 111., for
two horizontal high pressure fire tube boilers
to be installed in the early part of April. The
Wangler Co. reports that the business outlook in
its line is steadily improving.
The Phoenix Iron Works Co., Meadville, Pa.,
manufacturers of engines and boilers, has removed
its Pittsburgh office to the Empire
Building. The Pittsburgh office is in charge of
Mr. A. J. Schroth.

WEST VIRGINIA MINERS ADOPT SCALE.
The convention of the United Mine Workers of
District No. 17, West Virginia, in session during
the fortnight was a rather stormy one. and among
the business transacted was the election of the
scale committee from the floor of the convention
instead of appointment by President Cairnes, as
has been the custom in the past.
The scale committee formulated its demands,
which are for a 10 per cent, increase in wages and
for a fuller recognition of the union. The convention
adopted the report of the committee March
28.
The joint conference of operators and miners
will meet April 14 to consider the demands of the
miners and to make an effort to adopt a wage
scale.
CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY'S RE­
PORT MAKES AN EXCELLENT SHOWING.
The annual meeting of the stockholders ol the
Consolidation Coal Co. was held at noon yesterday
when President Jere H. Wheelwright submitted
his annual report. This showed that the company
had had a prosperous year, with aggregate
earnings for the year ended December 21, 1913, of
$15,433,245. Of this sum the net after all expenses
was $3,826,702.
In relation to the development work of the company
the report says:
"The development work on your iiroperty in the
Elkhorn field, in Eastern Kentucky, which has
been in progress during the last two and a half
years, is rapidly approaching completion and at
this date the 14 mines that have been opened in
that field have a producing capacity of from 12,000
to 13,000 tons daily, or approximately 3,500,000 tons
per annum."
President Wheelwright makes a strong plea for
the granting to the railroads in the East the 5 per
cent, increase in freight rates, which is now before
the Interstate Commerce commission. On this
point he is emphatic as to the good results which
will generally follow. He says, in part:
"Your company knowing that the several railloads
which serve its mines are unable, under
usual conditions, to supply the mines with an
adequate number of coal cars to take the daily
output, the output of your mines has not increased
in ratio with the improvement and physical development
of your coal lands.
"Railroad executives, repeatedly urged to pro-
-•ide these additional cars and locomotives, terminals
and other transportation facilities, have stated
that they cannot provide the money necessary unless
they can sell stoek, bonds or other form of
securities. This they are unable to do under the
present rates.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
"Notwithstanding* the fact that an increase in
freight rates would fall directly upon your company,
we have written the interstate Commerce
commission urging them to grant the increase of
freight rates, for the reason that we believe the
facilities so urgently needed to be of greater importance
to the future development of the country
and the welfare of your company than the burden
that will fall upon us by reason of increase."
The balance sheet shows as follows:
Earnings from all sources $15,443,245
Operating expenses and depreciation. . . . 11,616,543
Net earnings from operation $3,826,702
Interest and sinking fund 1,366,973
Net surplus $2,459,729
Less dividends 1.500,000
Surplus to profit and loss $959,729
Profit and loss, Dec. 31, 1912 8,159,415
Total $9,119,144
Less discount, etc 344,892
Profit and loss, Dec. 31, 1913
fi8.774.25
Directors and officers were elected as follows:
J. H. Wheelwright, president; C. W. Watson, chairman;
H. Crawford Black, George C Jenkins, Van
Lear Black, S. Davies Warfield, A. B. Fleming,
J. E. Watson, William H. Grafflin, William Winchester,
S. L. Watson and Fairfax S. Landstreet
and George T. Watson, vice presidents.
Statement of the ownership, management, etc.,
of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN, published semimonthly,
at Pittsburgli, Pa., requiied by the Act
of August 24, 1912:
Editor, E. K. Rupp; managing editor, H. J.
Straub; business manager. H. J. Straub; publisher,
The Coal Trade Publishing Co., 926 Paik
Building, Pittsburgh.
Owners: (If a corporation, give names and
addresses of stockholders holding 1 per cent, or
more of total capital stock) : A. R. Hamilton,
K. E. Davis. S. A. Love, 926 Park Bldg., Pittsburgh.
Pa.: A. E. Eckles, A. J. Eckles. 409 Curry
Bldg., Pittsburgh.
Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security
holders, holding 1 per cent, or more of
total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other se­
curities: None. (Signed) H. J. STRAUB.
Sw-orn to and subscribed before me this 18th day
of March, 1914.
(Signed) CLARENCE A. WILLIAMS,
(SEAL) Notary Public.
(My commission expires January 19. 1915).

44 TIIE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT INSTITUTES
ACTION AGAINST LEHIGH VALLEY RAIL­
ROAD UNDER SHERMAN LAW,
The Lehigh Valley Railroad Co. was sued at
New York. March IS, by Attorney General Mr
Reynolds under the Sherman anti-trust law as
being the dominant factor in a combination alleged
to control the output of anthracite from Penn­
sylvania fields it touches.
More than a dozen other corporations and in­
dividuals were named as co-defendants and
parties to a conspiracy to monopolize that trade.
Although suit was brought to break up an al­
leged monopoly, the attorney general charges that
the Lehigh road, through the formation of a coal
sales company two years ago, has escaped the
commodities clause of the interstate rate act.
which forbids the railroad to transport coal belonging
to a corporation whose stock it owns
and whose affairs have been "commingled with
its own."
The further charge was made that the Lehigh
has violated the provisions of the Pennsylvania
constitution prohibiting common carriers from
engaging in mining or other business other than
transportation. The usual injunction and decree
of dissolution were asked.
It is understood that the suit is to be followed
by others against some of the roads which enter
the Pennsylvania anthracite field.
Among the defendants named were: Lehigh
Valley Coal Co.. Lehigh Valley Coal Sales Co.,
Coxe & Bros. Co.. Inc., Edward T. Stotesbury,
Daniel G. Reid, Charles Steele, George F. Baker
and George F. Baer.
By virtue of its monopoly, the complaint de­
clares, the Lehigh "has prevented the building of
any new railroad into the anthracite region
served by it, and has kept the independent producers
under the disadvantage of having to ship
over a railroad also engaged in the coal business."
Furthermore, the bill declares, through its
alleged monopoly of the sale of coal produced
along its lines, the road "completely dominates
the market at all points thereon not reached by
any other railroad, and has the power to fix, has
fixed and does fix, without the check of competition,
the prices at which anthracite is sold at
such points."
The bill points out that the Lehigh annually
transports about 11,000,000 gross tons of anthra­
cite. Of that total the Government maintains,
more than S2 per cent. I in 1913) was shipped for
the account of the Lehigh Coal Co. or affiliated
companies. The relations between the railroad
and the Lehigh Coal Co. are set forth at length
in the complaint, which declares that the latter
has never been a "bona fide corporation," but
a "mere adjunct, department or instrumentality
of the Lehigh railroad."
After referring to the supreme court decision
in 1911 against the Lehigh road prohibiting trans­
portation of coal belonging to a company it controlled,
the bill recites the means the attorney
general declares were employed to evade that
decision. On advice of counsel, it was pointed
out, the Lehigh Valley railroad directors recommended
to the Lehigh Valley Coal Co. the or­
ganization of a coal sales company and the making
of a contract by the coal company with the
sales company. At the same meeting, $6,060,800
was ordered distributed as a dividend out of the
surplus of the Lehigh Valley railroad.
A few minutes later on the same day, the bill
declares, the directors of the coal company met
and resolved to authorize the incorporation of
the Lehigh Coal Sales Co., granting Lehigh rail­
road stockholders the right of subscribing to the
new stock to 10 per cent, of their holdings. It
was provided that each railroad stockholder,
through power of attorney granted to fiscal agents,
might turn the special dividend referred to toward
paying for sales company stock.
In January, 1912, the sales company was in­
corporated in New Jersey with a capital stock
of $10,ooo,ooo, of which the complaint says $6,of,0,S00
was issued immediately, being equal to
10 per cent, of the capital stock of the Lehigh
railroad. The 10 per cent, dividend declared in
advance by Lehigh railroad was paid and "over
3,000 of its stockholders, being a majority in
interest, availed themselves of the privilege of
subscribing to the stock of Lehigh Coal Sales
Co."
"Thereupon," the bill continues, "the two corporations
with all their business and assets came
into and have since remained under the immediate
control of substantially the same group of
persons. At the present over SO per cent, of the
shares of Lehigh Coal Sales Co. are owned by
the majority stockholders of Lehigh railroad."
The contract between the Lehigh Coal Co. and
the sales company, the complaint sets forth, gave
the sales company unreasonably low rates for
mined coal; fixed prices for coal to be mined
under the then existing scales of prices paid other
producers, and made other concessions, which
led it to be classed by the Government as not
"a bona fide transaction between separate corporations."
The sales company's profits, the bill avers, have
been enormous, and it shows that the company
has paid regular dividends quarterly of two and
cue-half per cent, and that in November, 1913,
after 21 months of business, it paid an extra cash
dividend of 25 per cent, and declared at the same
time what amounted to a 25 per cent, stock divi-

dend. December 31 last it had a surplus of
$1,134,847.53.
The contract between these two companies, the
bill argues, is a barrier against any reduction
in the Lehigh's freight rates to New York, and
an inducement to even higher rates, because the
Lehigh Coal Co., under it receives from the sales
company a percentage of the price for coal at
New York harbor, a price largely determined by
the freight rate.
In a statement Edgar H. Boles, general solicitor
of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Co., denies
that the sales company, by whose existence and
activity the acts alleged by the Government are
said to have been made possible, is in any way
"affiliated with or controlled by the railroad,"
though it is conceded as possible that the railroad
and the sales company may have stockholders
in common.
Dealing with the railroad's ownership of the
Lehigh Valley Coal Co. and subsidiaries. Mr.
Boles said this matter had been investigated by
the Government "for more than a generation,"
and that if there had been violations of law the
Government should have identified them by this
time and made them clear to the courts.
PERSONAL
Messrs. A. E. Kimball, B. Gorman, E. H. Danz,
E. K. Upton. H. S. Morton, H. L. Hammett, C. B.
Deuglet, W. J. Ogden, H. L. Stone, F. L. Mudge,
H. H. Erickson, E. D. Russell, V. G. Lowe, K. G.
Merrier, J. B. Beals, W. F. D. Peinter, all of
Minneapolis, Minn., connected with the Northwestern
Fuel Co., recently paid a visit to the
mines of the Consolidation Coal Co., in the Eastern
Kentucky coal field.
Mr. R. T. Cunningham, auditor of the West
Virginia division of the Consolidated Coal Co.,
at Fairmont. W. Va., has tendered his resignation
to accept a position with the Monongahela
Glass Co. at that place.
Mr. S. T. Stackpole, freight solicitor for the
Pennsylvania railroad in Uniontown, Pa., has
been transferred to Toronto, Canada, where he
becomes Canadian freight agent for the same
system.
Mr. Patrick Quinn. superintendent of the Sunshine
mines at South Fork, Pa., is the new head
of the Sterling Coal Co. operations, at Bakerton,
Pa., in succession of the late Mr. John B.
Reed.
Mr. H. A. Rapelye has been appointed sales
engineer in the Pittsburgh district for the Terry
Steam Turbine Co., of Hartford, Conn., and has
opened offices at 2133 Oliver Building, Pittsburgh.
I HE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
Mr. L. W. Robinson, of Punxsutawney, Pa.,
president of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal &
Iron Co., has purchased the estate of the late
Joseph Jefferson on Jupiter Island, in Florida.
Mr. A. Bevei idge, of Jenny Linil, Ark., has been
appointed inspector of the Davis Coal & Coke Co.
mines at Thomas, W. Va.
WYOMING PRODUCTION FOR FISCAL
YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1913
1913 1912
Union Pacific Coal Co 1,790.7"-! 2. .23,328
Kemmerer Coal Co I,l4b,iu_ 803,257
Superior Coal Co 960,322 1,012,547
Diamond Coal & Coke Co 581.010 638,345
Cambria Fuel Co 337,994 391,211
Central Coal & Coke Co 311,814 371,517
Wyoming Coal Mining Co.... 281,948 322,238
Carney Coal Co 264,525 278,219
Acme Coal Co 190,079 165,137
Kooi Mine 176,401 153,604
Sheridan Coal Co 163,299 194.490
Owl Creek Coal Co 143,480 109,088
Popsia Coal Co 143,310 112,537
Gunn-Quealy Coal Co 142,101 165,373
Big Horn Collieries Co 133,360 76,116
Wyoming Coal Co 93,368 97,000
Mammoth Coal Mining Co. &
Lincoln Coal Co 70,000 60,974
Dundee Coal Co 40,000
Lion Coal Co 27,460
Model Coal Co 25.S76 5,768
Rocky Mountain Coal & Iron
Co 22,741 15.697
Bear River Coal Co 19,502
United States Coal Co 10,000
Mines iiroducing less than
10,000 tons each 36,692 28,215
Five mines not appearing in
1913 report 16,479
Total 7,095,652 7,341,140
'Compiled from statisticts furnished hy George Blacker and
W. E. Jones State Mine Inspectors.
A syndicate composed of M. M. McWilliams,
of Spadra, Ark., and A. D. Ward and A. N. Rayon,
of Clarksville, Ark., will erect a $50,000 plant
to develop 3S6 acres of coal in Johnson county.
Ark.
According to semi-official announcement the
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. will build a coke
plant costing $300,000 on the site of the old
American Bridge Co. plant at Youngstown, O.
There will be a by-product plant which will be
one of the most important additions to the company's
plant that' has been made.

.6 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MOVEMENT OF COAL AND COKE OVER EASTERN RAILROADS DURING
DECEMBER AND TWELVE MONTHS
Classes and
Railroads
ANTHRACITE:
B. & O. © .
0. & O. ® .
Erie ©
I lecember.
1912. 1913.
Short Tons.
179,705 118,264
1,541 681
680,141 794,562
Penna. CD © 1,036,717 1,012,125
Virginian ® © 103 S6
roads
1,898,207
BITUMINOUS
B. & O. ®
2,796,924
B. R. & P. ® ©
B. & Susq. ® ©
C. & O. ©
Erie ©
H. & B. T. M. © ©
N. Y C. & H. R. ©
N. & XV. ® ©
Penna. ® @
719,733
138,944
1,266,503
8,107
150,771
826,281
1,697,488
4,271,702
928.090
P. & L. E. © ©
210.473
P. S. & N. © ©
317,405
Virginian ® ©
198,102
W. Md
Total, 13 roads 13,530,523
COKE
B. & O. ® ©
416,296
B. R. & P. © ©
B. & Susq. © ©
c & o. ©
53,461
25,291
23,544
7,173
N. Y. C. & H. R.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
ACTION OF ACID MINE WATER ON ELECTRIC INSULATION*
By H. H. Clark and I.. C. Ilslev J
(CONTINUED FROM ISSUE OF MARCH 16)
The outfit for measuring the resistance of the
insulation consisted of a battery and a high-
sensibility galvanometer used in conjunction with
a lamp and scale, a one-tenth megohm resistance
box, an Ayrton shunt, a reversing switch, and a
contact key, the four last named being mounted
on a hard-rubber base. The rated sensibility of
this outfit is shown by the following example:
With a battery of 3oo volts, a deflection of 1
centimeter could be obtained through a resistance
of 96,000 megohms when the galvanometer was
2 meters distant from the scale. With the battery
used, the deflection through 50,000 megohms was
1.65 centimeters. The battery consisted of 28S
dry cells 5 inches over all in height and 1 11-16
inches in diameter. The cells were installed in
a hardwood cabinet.** Each cell was mounted on
a hard-rubber insulator, and all connections from
one shelf to another were carefully insulated byrunning
the connecting wires through glass tubing.
The galvanometer was installed on a con­
crete pier built especially
TO ELIMINATE VIBRATION.
The distance between the galvanometer and the
lamp and scale was approximately 2 meters. All
wiring not on the grounded side of the galvanometer
circuit was carefully insulated by sus­
pending the wires from glass rods.
The probable error in determining the insulation
resistance of the rubber-insulated samples
was about 3 per cent., which was sufficientlyexact
for the purpose of the investigation. The
probable error in determining the insulation resistance
of the other samples was less than 3
per cent. The statement above refers to the
reading of the galvanometer deflection. No approximation
can be made of the error in determining
the average temperature of the conductors
or the error due to electric leakage in the
measuring equipment. Great care was used in
obtaining and maintaining a constant temperature
and well-insulated equipment. It is believed
by the authors that the errors due to temperature
nected in series with the low-tension side of the
testing transformer. By means of special windings
on the voltmeter and the potential transformer,
it was possible to obtain full-scale de­
flection at either 7,500, 15,000, or 30,000 volts.
The samples under test were submerged in
water at least 24 hours prior to the measuremi
nt of insulation resistance. The first measurement
(taken before beginning treatment) was
made at a temperature of 24° C. The next three
measurements were at a temperature as near 24°
('. as circumstances allowed. The arrangements
for controlling the temperature were not perfected
until the fourth measurement after the beginning
of treatment. During this measurement and
all subsequent ones, the temperature was maintained
at 24° C. while the measurements of insulation
resistance were being made and for several
hours prior thereto. The measurements
were made with a battery that gave about 300
volts. Readings were taken after the samples
had been electrified for one minute.
The high-potential tests were usually made
about 24 hours after the measurements of insulation
resistance had been completed and before
the samples had been removed from the water.
A lead from one terminal of the testing transformer
was connected to a copper plate submerged
in the water of each testing tank, and
e, lead from the other
TERMINAL OF THE TESTING
transformer was connected to the exposed end
of the conductor to be tested. After these connections
had been made, the potential between
the terminals of the testing transformer was
raised in a few seconds to a predetermined value
and maintained at this value for a specified time
or until the insulation of the sample broke down.
The first high-potential tests were made on
July 28, 1911, after the samples had been treated
for 7 months with the acid solutions. The tests
were made by impressing 2,000 volts for one
minute between the conductor of each sample and
the water in which they were submerged. A
and current leakage are negligible.
similar test was made on September S, 1911. The
The high-potential testing equipment consisted
next test was made on November 6, 1911, when
of a 5-kilowatt, 30,000-volt testing transformer
the potential was raised to 3,000 volts and the
with an especially calibrated potential trans­
duration of each test was increased to five minformer
for reading the voltage across the highutes.
Every test made thereafter, except the final
tension terminals. The voltage variation was ob­ breakdown tests made on January 17, 1913, was
tained by the use of an induction regulator conmade
with 5,000 volts impressed for five minutes.
**The cabinet was similar in design to one constructed
Power was taken from the 60-cycle circuit used
by Henry W. Fisher, chief engineer of the Standard
Underground Cable Co
for city lighting in Pittsburgh. An oscillogram

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
taken from this circuit showed the potential wave were made of the insulation resistance of short
to be almost a sine curve. lengths of tape from each layer of the covering
After the insulation had broken down as a re- ° f the cambric and special samples both before
suit of the application of high potential, sections and after treatment. The purpose of this test
of the samples were inspected, the tensile strength waK to determine whether the solutions had acof
the cambric tapes and rubber compound was tually changed the conductivity of the insulating
measured by the Bureau of Standards, and some material or had merely
of the cambric tapes were examined with the aid ,.„,.„.,. ,„,.,.,„,„.. ,„... , „.,.„„
l l.l'.I 1 1,1'. 1 \\ I'.l'.-N IIS I.A1 Eii.S
of a microscope. Stretch tests, as prescribed by
the National Rubber Covered Wire Engineers' and thus provided a leakage path for the cur-
Association, were also made of the rubber com- rent. This test is herein termed the "tape test."
pound. In the opinion of the bureau's chemists, Finally a fresh sample o feaeh kind of insula-
it appeared that chemical examination was not tion was treated with plain water for 30 days in
capable of affording any definite information as order to compare the action of plain water with
to the extent of the acid penetration, although it the action of acidulated water. This test is
was possible to determine qualitatively the acid termed the "control test."
reaction of the various layers of the samples that Table A gives the ,-eSults obtained from
were insulated with cambric tape. In addition the periodic measurements of insulation reto
the foregoing, the appearance of the samples sistance. The values given are the average of
under test was examined within a few hours after samples under test in each tray. There were five
the completion of the high-potential tests. At samples in every instance unless the contrary is
the end of the two-year treatment measurements stated.
TABLE A.
Decrease of the insulation resistance of the samples as treatment progressed:
Date of Tempermeasure-
ature of Insulation resistance in megohms.
ment.* water. Rubber. Standard cambric. Special cambric. Lead-sheathed
paper, t
1910. C. Tankl. Tank 2. Tank 1.Tank 2 Tank 1. Tank 2. Tank 1. Tank 2.
Dec. 30 24 46,300 49,100 2,400 2,085 1,340 1,490 ....
1911.
Feb. 9 24 33,400 32.800 1,217 915 405 393
Mar. 11 $23 30,740 32,040 802 692 383 436 750,000 74,300
Apr. IS §24 26,940 29,000 446 3S7 282 310 1,215,000 63,000
June 6 24 21,840 182 ... 153 ... 9SO.0OO 59,700
June 7 24 22,830 ... 143 ... 166
July IS 24 20,540 22,310 93.3 77.9 106.5 112 1,390,000 66,500
Sept. 7 24 21,660 23,510 58.1 47.5 89.9 88.1 545,000 74 400
Oct. 25 24 21,600 23,320 38.5 29.1 72.0 69.4 865,000 48 300
Dec. 12 24 20,440 20.3 17.1 78.5 58.5 690,000 70,000
Dec. 14 24 19,190
1912.
Jan. 26 fl24 19,050 23,780 13.2 11.9 58.5 52.2 870 000
Mar. 13 24 20,300 21,000 9.3 8.5 63.1 46.7 S64ioOO 77 300
May 28 24 21.380 19,660 II6.0 4.6 45.7 29.5 536,000 67 000
July 24 24 21,780 20,540 °4.5 i'3.5 36.2 24.1 752,200 75 300
Sept. 17 24 19,680 18,960 °3.0 °2.7 25.5 18.0 1,386,000 70 600
Nov. 20 24 22,380 21,840 x3.0 **2.0 25.9 17.4 795 200 69 270
1913.
Jan. 14 24 22,800 22,400 **3.6 **1.9 42.0 16.5 795,200 67,200
* Treatment with acid water was begun on January 7, 1911.
t Only one sample in each tank. This material was not received until the tests of the other
samples had been started. The seeming discrepancy in the insulation resistance from month to
month is explained by the fact that the resistances were usually too great to be measured with
much accuracy without the exercise of more care than the purposes of this particular part of the
test demanded. The sample in tank 1 was seemingly more carefully prepared by the manufacturers
than the sample in tank 2. This accounts for the difference in insulation resistance.
t This figure refers only to tank 1. The temperature of tank 2 was 22.6.
§ This figure refers only to standard and special cambric samples. Temperature of rubber samples
in tank 1 was 23.75 and in tank 2, 23.3.
If This figure refers to tank 1. The temperature of tank 2 was 24.2.
|j Average of measurements made on 4 samples.
° Average of measurements made on 3 samples.
x Average of measurements made on 2 samples.
** Reading taken on the only sample left.

Table B gives the dates, conditions, and
results of the high-potential tests. On the
date of the test, the stated voltage was applied
to each sample that had not previously broken
down. No high-potential tests were made on the
lead-sheathed cable.
On January 16, 1913, tests were made to determine
the potential necessary to break down
one sample in each tray of the rubber and special
samples, neither of which had broken down in
Date of test.
1911.
Volts
applied
July 28 2.000
Sept. 8 2,000
Nov. 6 3,000
Dec. 15
1912.
5,000
Jan. 27 5,000
Mar. 14 5,000
May 29
July 25 5,000
5,000
Sept. 20
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
Nov. 25
5,000
do
1913.
Jan. 16 ...
5,000
do
* 2C3 broke down before potential could be raised to !
in the previous test but did not break down completely.
any previous lest. Table 0 gives the results obtained:
On October 1 and 15, 1912, samples of the or­
iginal conductors that had not been treated with
the acid solutions were subjected to high-poten­
tial tests to determine the potential necessary to
break down the insulation. The results of the
tests are presented in table D, in which
TABLE B.
High-potential tests made upon samples under test:
Duration ot Designation of samples
application. that broke down.
do
5 minutes
do
do
do
do
do
do
the samples are given arbitrary designations:
s
1C2
Time required to produce
breakdown.
3 minutes 45 seconds.
1C4 3 minutes 15 seconds.
2C4 30 seconds.
2C3
(*)
\ 1C1 2 minutes 30 seconds.
2C1
3 minutes.
1 2C2
Do.
1C3 30 seconds.
2C5 3 minutes 30 seconds.
,000 volts. This sample had leaked badly
TABLE C.
Results of final high-potential tests made January f6, 1913, of rubber and special samples:
Designation of sample.
Volts
applied.
1S1 10,000
1S1 15,000
1R1 15,000
1R1 16,000
2S1 7,500
2S1 15,000
2R1 15,000
TABLE
Results of high-potential tests made October 1
not been treated with the
Designation of sample.
Special A*
Do
Volts.
applied.
9,000
18,000
Do 30,000
Do 30,000
Do 30,000
Special B 30,000
Special C 30,000
Special D 30,000
Cambric A 24,900
Cambric B 24,600
Cambric C D
25,200
Rubber A
25,500
Rubber B
30,000
Rubber C
30,000
Rubber D
30,000
The tests on this sample were made
30,000
several
Duration of application.
2 minutes
1 minute
2 minutes
Break was instantaneous
2 minutes
do
1 minute 12 seconds
Sample
broke down.
No.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
I).
and 15, 1912, of samples of insulation that had
acid solutions:
Duration of application.
2 minutes
do
5 minutes
do
4 minutes 36 seconds
5 minutes 49 seconds
5 minutes 36 seconds
6 minutes 30 seconds
I minute 30 seconds
Broke while raising voltage. .
do
do
5 minutes
0 minutes 13 seconds
4 minutes 7 seconds
3 minutes 41 seconds
minutes apart.
Sample.
broke down.
No.
No.
No.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The samples were examined after the completion
of each periodical test. The outer appearance
of the cambric samples changed very little,
only a few cracks developing during the two
years years of test. The weatherproof braids of
the rubber samples began to crack open after
about six months of test, and were much cracked
and rotted when the test was completed. The
appearance of the rubber insulation exposed by
the cracking of the coverings did not show any
deterioration.
The outer braid of the special samples began
to crack open in about a month and was almost
totally destroyed by the end of the test. The
appearance of the insulating tapes exposed by
the cracking of the braid of these special samples
did not seem to be greatly affected.
The weatherproof covering appeared to deteriorate
most rapidly at those points where the
Date.
Jan. 7, 1911
Feb. 10, 1911 Threadbare
TABLE E.
ACID SOLUTIONS EVAPORATED.
The first cracks in the covering appeared in a line
along the top of the sample. The outer covering of
the special samples was not filled with compound as
were the coverings of the other samples, and the
fibers of the covering produced a capillary action
upon the solution, raising it as high as possible.
and thus establishing a point where a large proportion
of the solution sprinkled upon the sample
evaporated. The effect of this action was most
evident on the vertical parts of the sample where
the continuous evaporation of the solution raised
by the fibers made around the sample a circular
cut that extended through the outer braid of the
sample but not through the first layer of insulation.
Table E states briefly the condition of
the outer coverings of the samples as they
appeared at the end of each periodic test.
Effect of solution on appearance of exterior of samples:
Rubber samples.
Tank 1. Tank 2,
Good weatherproof finish
Mar. 13, 1911 Extremely threadbare
Apr. 20, 1911
June 8, 1911
July 21, 1911
Sept. 9, 1911
Oct. 27, 1911
Dec. 18, 1911
Jan. 29, 1912
Mar. 15, 1912
May 30, 1912
July 29, 1912
Sept. 21, 1912
Nov. 25, 1912
Weatherproof covering has
become very shabby.
Cracks have
begun to
develop.
Cracks have
begun t o
develop,
but not so
many as in
tank 1.
Continuous cracks along the
tops of the samples.
No marked change.
do
Cracks have increased.
Cracks have increased and
second covering has broken
apart in many places.
Both layers of weatherproof
covering on the top of the
sample practically destroyed.
do
No change observed.
do
do
Exterior appearance of—
Cambric samples.
Tank 1. Tank 2.
Smooth, glossy, weatherproof
finish.
do
do
Little change.
Surface of weatherproof Cracks in first
covering appears duller layer of camduller
than before. brie.
Surface of weatherproof
covering more threadbare
than before.
Surface of weatherproof
covering has become
more threadbare.
No marked change.
do
Weatherproof cov ering
seems softened.
Covering has become rotten,
but its appearance
has not materially
changed.
Cracks began to appear.
No change observed.
do
do
Special samples.
Tank 1. Tank 2.
Unfille d braid.
Braid eaten at Braid eaten at
bends; crack­ bends;looks
ed along top ready to
of sample. crack but is
still intact.
Long cracks in Few cracks;
braid on top braid looks
of sample. weak and
Cracks have
increased.
crumbly.
Braid decayed
and can be
brushed off.
Practically no
change.
Practically no
change.
No change.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Braid has become
more
decayed.
Xo change observed.
Do.
Do.
Do.

A microscopic examination of some of the cambric
samples was made by Reinhardt Thiessen,
assistant chemist of the bureau. After about IS
months of treatment with the acid solutions a
piece of 1C4, a piece of 2C4, and a piece of untreated
insulation were examined. The treated
insulation as compared with the untreated insulation
was less readily cut into sections for
microscopic examination and showed a darker
color under the microscope. The insulating coatings
that had been applied to the tapes in the
course of their manufacture seemed to have a
granular structure in the treated samples, although
in the untreated samples the structure of
these coatings seemed to be homogeneous.
Tests made by Thiessen also showed that the
samples of both special and standard varnished
cambric that had been treated with the acid solutions
gave pronounced acid reactions even in
the inmost layers of tape, whereas samples of
the same insulation that had not been treated
with the solutions gave weak acid reactions or
none at all.
The tensile-strength tests made of the cambric
samples indicate that the acid had penetrated as
far as the sixth layer of tape, as the breaking
strength of the first five layers of the treated
samples was less than the breaking strength of
the corresponding layers of the untreated samples.
The tensile strength tests made of the special
samples showed practically no difference in the
breaking strength of the treated and of the untreated
tapes with the
EXCEPTION OF THE FIRST LAYER
of the treated samples, the strength of which was
greatly impaired.
Tests made of the rubber compound used in
insulating the rubber samples showed an average
tensile strength of 624 pounds per square inch
for 8 untreated samples, an average strength of
511 pounds per square inch for 11 samples cut
from 1R1, and an average strength of 401 pounds
per square inch for 9 samples cut from 2R1.
Stretch tests made as specified by the National
Rubber Covered Wire Engineers' Association did
not produce any trustworthy evidence that the
treatment with the acid solutions had any effect
on the physical qualities of the rubber insulation.
The results of the different stretch tests did not
agree, and the greatest deterioration observed
was found in a sample of insulation that had not
been treated with the acid solutions.
The information obtained from measuring the
insulation resistance of short lengths of the cambric
and special insulating tapes showed, first,
that when first unwound the tapes of the treated
samples were much lower in resistance than the
tape of the untreated samples; second, that as
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
the tapes were unwrapped the resistance of the
inner layers of treated tape was, in general,
lower than that of the outer layers; third, that
after exposure to the air for several hours the
resistance of all treated tapes increased to values
comparable with those of the untreated samples;
fourth, that the resistance of the outermost layer
of tape seemed to be lower than that of the next
layer when first unwrapped, and this relation
seemed to exist even after the tapes had been
exposed to the air for some time, although the
inner tapes, which measured much lower than
the second layer at the start, finally became as
high in resistance as the second layer.
The results seem to indicate that the moisture
penetrated all of the layers of tape. This penetration
is evidenced by the low resistance of the
treated tapes as compared with the resistance of
the untreated tapes. The fact that the resistance
of the tapes increased so greatly when exposed to
air seems to show that the acid had not affected
the insulating qualities of the tapes. The fact
that the outer tape manifested and retained a
notably low resistance seems to indicate that the
acid had affected its insulating qualities to some
extent. The fact that the resistance of the second
layer of tape showed so much higher than
the others at the start may have been due to the
fact that, being nearer the
OUTSIDE OF THE WINDINGS,
it was partly relieved of its moisture before
the measurements were made.
To briefly sum up the results: The acid seems
to have no effect upon the insulating qualities
of the tapes with the exception of the outer layer,
but the acid solution penetrated the interstices
between the tapes, and thus destroyed their insulating
value.
In order to check the results of the tests made
with the two acid solutions a 46-foot sample of
rubber, a 50-foot sample of standard cambric, and
a 12-foot sample* of special cambric were mounted
in the same manner as the original samples and
for 30 days, beginning February 28, 1913, were
sprinkled twice daily with tap water. The initialresistance
readings were made February 25, 1913,
at 24° C, after a 24-hour submersion in water.
The results of the test show that the initial
resistance of the samples was less than for an
equivalent length when the samples were new.
The final resistance readings were taken on
April 2, 1913, at 24° C, after a 4S-hour submersion
in water.
*These samples were the remnants of the material
originally obtained for this investigation.
since the beginning of which they had been stored
in a dry place in a temperature that during the
year probably ranged from 15° to 28° C. They
had not been treated in any way prior to this test.

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN
The maximum temperature during the month
was 32° C. The minimum temperature was 19°
C.
The effect of the tap water as compared with
that of the acid solutions is shown by the fol­
lowing table, which gives the percentage of de­
crease of insulation resistance in the first month
of treatment with the tap water and with the
two acid solutions:
Decrease of insulation resistance in first 30
days:
Rubber Cambric Special
samples, samples, samples.
Percent. Percent. Percent.
Tap water 36 21 43
Solution No. 1 2S 50 70
Solution No. 2 33 55 73.5
This comparison of results seems to indicate
that the tap water and the acid solutions had
about the same effect on the rubber samples, but
that the acid solutions had a greater effect than
the tap water on the cambric samples, both standard
and special. Both tap water and acid solutions
seem to have had more effect upon tlie
special sample than upon
IHE STANDARD SAMPLES,
but this is probably due to the better weatherproof
covering of the standard samples, which
delayed the action of both tap water and acid
solutions. In the two-year-test, after the weatherproof
covering had been penetrated by the acid
solutions, the insulation resistance of the stand­
ard samples became much lower than that of the
special samples. The data supplied by the control
test are too meager to support more than
qualitative conclusions. The plain water undoubtedly
acts to impair the insulation. The reason
why it may affect the cambrics is easily seen, but
why it affects the rubber is not so clear. The
action of the acid solutions is greater than that
of the plain water except in the case of the rub­
ber.
On the same day that the final measurements
were made in the water test several readings were
taken upon the original samples that had under­
gone the two-year treatment and were still in
the testing tanks, but had not been treated with
either water or acid solutions since January 14,
191:'. The readings showed that the insulation
resistance of the rubber samples had increased by
amounts varying from 4.4 to 15 per cent., whereas
the insulation resistance of the standard sample
(only one was left) had increased over 300 per
cent, and the insulation resistance of the special
samples had increased by amounts varying from
150 to 550 per cent.
The table on page 16 shows that up to Septem­
ber 17, 1912, the decrease in the resistance of
the cambric and special samples had been uni­
form and of considerable amount, whereas there
was little, if any, change during the next two
months. During the succeeding two months
(nearly) there was little change in tank 2 and
an actual increase in tank 1.
The results of the tape test show that the
second layer of tape (the first layer was affected
by the acid), when first unwrapped, measured
higher in insulation resistance than the layers
that were nearer the wire, although when exposed
to the air for several hours the resistance
of all the layers was uniformly high.
The facts stated above seem to indicate that
the tape insulation will dry out if no moisture
is applied to the insulation and if the atmospheric
conditions are favorable. In
THE FIRST CASE
mentioned no moisture had been applied to the
sample for several weeks, although previously
they had been sprinkled twice daily. In the sec­
ond case mentioned the relative humidity of the
air surrounding the samples was decreasing as
the cold weather came on. In the third case the
second layers of tape would dry out because of
their position in the insulating covering. The
fact that the outermost layer did not show a
similarly high resistance is ascribed to the fact
that this layer had been affected by the action
of the acid solution.
The results of the tests show little difference
between the action of the two solutions. Both
solutions had about the same effect upon the
cambric and the special samples. The rubber
samples that were treated with solution No. 2
did not show as well as the other samples in
the tensile-strength tests, but otherwise the effect
of the two solutions seemed to be the same.
The results of the test seem to indicate that
sprinkling the acid solutions upon the samples
is the method of application best adapted to hastening
the deleterious action of the solutions.
This conclusion is based upon the observation
that the parts of the samples that were allowed
to remain moist all of the time were seemingly
not impaired as much as those parts that were
alternately wetted and dried. So far as could
be discovered neither bedding the samples in coal
dust nor letting acid solutions drip on them increased
the severity of the conditions.
Although the acid may have promoted the en­
trance of moisture between the layers of tape of
both the cambric and the special samples, it was
not discoverable that the acid had actually affected
the tapes beyond the first one or two
layers. So far as could be seen the acid had no
destructive effect on the rubber insulation or on

the lead sheath of the paper-insulated telephone
cable.
The paper-insulated, lead-sheathed, telephone
cable having been tested merely to determine the
action of the acid on the lead is not considered in
the following statements regarding the relative
resisting power of the insulations tested.
The rubber insulation undoubtedly withstood
better than the cambric and special insulations
the treatment accorded to all. The percentage
of decrease in insulation resistance was far less
in the case of the rubber samples than in the
case of either the cambric or
THE SPECIAL SAMPLES,
and at the end of the test the insulation resistance
of the rubber samples was comparatively
high ( more than 20,000 megohms). The break­
down voltage of the rubber insulation held up
well also. The cambric samples were the most
affected by the treatment, for although both cam­
bric and special samples decreased in insulation
resistance to less than 2 per cent, of their original
values, the breakdown strength of the special
samples was well maintained throughout the test,
whereas all but one of the cambric samples broke
down to high potential during the test.
The insulation resistance of the cambric and
the special samples decreased because moisture
penetrated between the layers of tape that constituted
the insulation of those samples. The
data obtained from the control test pointed to
this conclusion. The results obtained from meas­
uring the resistance of the various tapes and the
evidence of "drying out" that was observed in
several tests indicate that moisture was the chief
cause of the failure in insulation resistance. The
result of the microscopic examination indicates
that the presence of acid promoted the entrance
of the moisture.
The reason is not so clear for the failure of
the rubber insulation. The results of the water
test of the rubber samples seem to show that
the treatment with pure water decreases the in­
sulation resistance as rapidly as does treatment
with acid solutions. Yet it is hard to believe
that the deterioration of the rubber was due to
the effect of moisture alone, and it seems more
reasonable to consider that the rubber became im­
paired by the combined effect of temperature, ex­
posure to air, and exposure to the action of the
acid solution.
The principal fruits of the investigation were
the data made available for organizing future
tests. The method used for mounting and sealing
the samples seemed to be a satisfactory one.
The action of the solutions was so gradual that
more active solutions may be considered in fu­
ture tests. The effect of plain water was shown
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
to be sufficiently great to warrant in future work
a control test treated with water alone. It will
also be advisable to make a test of samples ex­
posed to the air but not treated with water or
acid solutions. The method of applying the solutions
will probably not be changed in future
tests, but the electric potential will be continu­
ally impressed upon the samples while they are
under treatment.
NEW PUBLICATIONS BUREAU OF MINES.
List 27—March, 1914.
ANNUAL REPORT.
Third Annual Report of the Director of the
Bureau of Mines, 1912-13, J. A. Holmes, Director.
1913 US pp., 1 pi.
BULLETINS.
Bulletin 42. The sampling and examination of
mine gases and natural gas, by G. A. Burrell and
F. M. Seibert. 1913. 110 pp., 2 pis., 23 figs.
Bulletin 6S. Electric switches for use in gaseous
mines, by H. H. Clark and R, W. Crocker.
1913. 38 pp.. 0 pis., 1 fig.
TECHNICAL PAPERS.
Technical Paper 57. A preliminary report on
the utilization of petroleum and natural gas in
Wyoming, by W. R. Calvert. 1913. 23 pp.
Technical Paper 69. Production of explosives
in the I'nited States during the calendar year
1912, compiled by A. II. Fay. 1914. 8 pp.
Technical Paper 71. Permissible explosives
tested prior to January 1, 1914, by Clarence Hall.
1914. 12 pp.
The Bureau of Mines has copies of these publications
for free distribution, but can not give
more than one copy of the same bulletin to one
person. Requests for all papers can not be granted
without satisfactory reason. In asking for
publications, please order them by number and
title. Applications should be addressed to the
Director of the Bureau of Mines, Washington,
D, C.
RESCUE CAR ITINERARY.
Evansville Car No. 3. Itinerary No. 3.
Arrive Leave Address
March 30 April 4 Colfax, Iowa
April 6 April 11 Melcher, Iowa
April 13 April IS Knoxville, Iowa
April 20 April 25 Ottumwa, Iowa
April 27 May 2 Albia. Iowa
.May 4 May 9 Chariton, Iowa
May 11 May 16 Dallas Center, Iowa
May IS May 23 Mystic, Iowa
May 25 May 30 Rathburn, Iowa

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ALTERNATING CURRENT COAL CUTTER.
To meet the demand of the operators located
near transmission lines of the many large cen­
tral power plants producing alternating current
a new alternating current short wall coal cutter
has been placed upon the market by the Morgan-
Gardner Electric Co.
The motor is very efficient, having great me­
chanical strength and ample overload capacity.
The small number of parts assure continuous op­
eration with practically no attention. This motor
is exceptionally well ventilated. The Star-Delta
control is used which is the most simple, sat­
isfactory control for induction motors of this
capacity.
The stator can be quickly removed from the
motor body. The stator core discs are water
n^u_^2^r__:_lt-^ r*^ 2 *^***
Morgan-Gardner Alternating Current Coal Cutter.
proofed and riveted together under hydraulic
pressure. The stator coils are form wound and
impregnated with a moisture and oil resisting
compound that will stand a high degree of tem­
perature, these coils are laid in open slots and
easily accessible.
The rotor is fireproof, the bars being imbedded
in a special moisture and heat resisting cement.
The short circuiting rings are cast solid with the
bars leaving nothing on the rotor to work loose.
The rotor shaft is exceptionally heavy with removeable
heat treated chrome nickel steel pinion.
The three self-aligning ball bearings are of
ample proportions to insure cool running and
long life, the air gap is always uniform, and the
rotor cannot strike the stator. These dirt-proof
bearings are grease lubricated eliminating all
danger of oil trouble.
The construction of the rest of this machine
is identical with the company's well known wall
type of direct current machine, embodying such
features as single reduction spur gear drive to
chain drive sprocket. Safety break washer protecting
feed cable mechanism from overload.
Means for sumping without use of extra equipment.
All parts are inclosed in a heavy rugged
frame yet easily accessible. The cutter arm is
of cast steel and the cutting chains are for heavy
duty and of single or double bit type.
A special feature is the simplicity and safety
in handling these machines. A quick acting
positive clutch and the safety break washer pro­
tects the feed cable from overload. The current
is controlled by a simple knife switch within easy
reach of the operator. By the drag line control
the operator can instantly start or stop the feed
of the machine. All operations, unloading, sump­
ing, cutting, loading and transportation is done
by power.
A self-propelling steel truck with friction drive,
reverse drive gearing and removable automatic
cable reel is used for transportation.
SECURITY HOLDERS OF UNITED COAL COM­
PANY FORM PROTECTIVE COMMITTEE.
Owing to the default in payment of interest
and principal on many of the obligations of the
United Coal Co. and its subsidiaries, and the
pressing need for readjustment of its finances, a
protective committee for the various
classes of creditors has been formed,
which is calling for the deposit of Ihe
noies, bonds and other securities with the
3St„ Commonwealth Trust Co. of Pittsburgh as
depository. The committee consists of:
A. C. Robinson, chairman, vice president
Commonwealth Trust Co.. Pittsburgh;
Robert Wardrop, vice president Safe
Deposit & Trust Co.; William B. Schiller,
president National Tube Co.; F. G. Kay,
receiver American W. W. and Guar- Co.;
J. H. Hillman. Jr., J. H. Hillman & Co.;
bankers, Philadelphia; Ambrose Monnell, president
International Nickel Co., New York; James
B. Mortimer, president North American Co., and
Albert W. Johnson. Watson & Freeman, of Pittsburgh,
and Sullivan & Cromwell, of New York,
are counsel for the committee, and F. D. Glover,
345 Fourth avenue, Pittsburgh, is secretary.
This committee directly represents the trustee
of the 5 per cent, bonds of the United Coal Co.,
the trustee for its 6 per cent, collateral notes,
the bondholders individually and the various
classes of other debts both secured and unsecured.
The committee is calling for the deposits of the
various securities and obligations issued by the
United Coal Co., the Merchants Coal Co., the
Somerset Smokeless Coal Co., the Pittsburgh &
Baltimore Coal Co., and the Naomi Coal Co. It
will make expert examinations into the physical
and financial conditions of the companies referred
to and will endeavor to protect the in­
terests of all concerned.
President Daniel Willard, of the Baltimore &
Ohio railroad, announces that the company will
build an additional steel pier for handling coal
at Curtis Bay, Baltimore, at a cost of $1,000,000,
which will double the capacity of the existing
facilities there.

IDLE CARS CONTINUE TO
SHOW SLIGHT DECREASE
The report of the American Railway Association
issued March 21, giving the car surplussages
and shortages shows:
Surplussages
March 15, 1914 132,010
March 1, 1914 159,480
March 15, 1913 57,99s
Shortages
March 15, 1914 7,145
March 1, 1914 5,573
March 15, 1913 20,223
These figures show a net surplus of 124,865
cars, as compared with 152,907 cars March 1;
197,052 cars February 14, and 37,775 a year ago.
WILL RETAIN GARDEN
FEATURES AT ITS MINES.
As has been the custom for many years, the
Keystone Coal & Coke Co. officials will this year
give each and every one of their miners at their
plans, a garden patch on which at their leisure
they can raise their own vegetables. At many
of the mining towns the houses are built on large
lots and this gives the residents big gardens.
Where they have small gardens or none at all,
the company will give employes ground on which
to raise the -desired vegetables. Furthermore, the
grounds will be plowed, harrowed and fertilized
for the miners.
At Bovard (formerly Crow's Nest) every ten­
ant has a large garden and many of the men are
expert gardeners. The company also encourages
its men in this line of work by awarding sub­
stantial prizes at each plant to the employe hav­
ing the finest garden.
The sanitary arrangement of this mining town
in particular is up-to-date and residents are pro­
hibited from keeping pig and cow pens on the
rear of their lots. Stabling is provided and cows
can be kept in barns located at either end of the
town. Many persons keep cows in these special
stables.
The Elkins Coal & Coke Co. has protested to
the West Virginia Public Service commission
against the plan of a hydro-electric company to
build a big dam on Cheat river, alleging that
certain of its property of great value would be
ruined.
The Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation has
signed a contract with the Penn Central Power Co.
for electricity to run its Nos. 11, 12 and 13 mines
at Hastings, Pa.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
The Lehigh Coke Co. is to construct a new
by-product coke plant at South Bethlehem, Pa.,
to supply fuel for the Bethlehem Steel Co., and
otlier Schwab operations at that place, at a cost
of $4,000,000. The new plant is to consist of 424
mens, with a capacity for carbonizing 5,000 tons
of coal daily. The first two batteries of 212
ovens will be built during the next 300 working
days, and the completion of the other two bat
teries is to follow within a similar period. One-
half of the present plant, which has not proved
successful, is to be torn down to make way for
the new ovens.
The Illinois Central Railroad Co. has filed a
petition with the Kentucky Railroad commission,
asking that it be freed from the operation of tho
long and short haul clause of the Kentucky rail­
road law as to rates from the western Kentucky
district to Princeton and other points, a 60-cent
rate being asked. The request is made in order
to permit Illinois Central mines to compete with
those on the L. & N,, which have a 50-cent rate.
The Melanio Coal Co., of West Virginia, held
its annual meeting March 17, at Uniontown, Pa.,
and the following officers were elected: Presi­
dent, G. Orval Rush; vice president, James Craig;
secretary, W. H. Helmey; directors, W. H. Helmey,
G. Orval Rush, John B. Shirey, R. H. Brown,
George W. Morris, C. S. Gause and James Craig.
The commissioners appointed to examine the
Hazel mine of the Pittsburgh-Buffalo Co. at Canonsburg
relative to the need for the use of per­
missible explosives in the mine, March 20, filed
their report, declaring the law is being complied
with, and that the exclusive use of permissible
explosives in this mine is not necessary.
The combined report of the American Coal Products
Co. and subsidiary companies for the year
ended Dec. 31, 1913, shows net earnings of $2,191,-
985, against $1,553,601 in 1912. The balance after
preferred dividends was $1,148,780, equal to 10.79
per cent, on the common stock, as compared with
10.55 per cent, earned the previous year.
For a consideration of $31,000 Roy Wilhoit at
a bankruptcy sale March 19, bought all the property
of the Wilhoit Coal Co. in Harlan county,
Ky. The property is now leased to the Moss &
Sons Coal Co. at a fixed guaranteed minimum in­
come of $10,800 per year. It is understood all
of the debts of the company will be paid.
The office of the Davis Collieries Co. at Bower,
W. Va., was destroyed by fire recently, with a
loss of $25,000.

56
The Jamison Coal & Coke Co., of Pittsburgh,
has bought the 53 acres of coal underlying the
old Hackley farm in Salem township, Westmore­
land county. Pa., to be worked from its Crabtree
No. 4 plant. The price was $1,100 an acre.
The Central Illinois Coal Operators' Association
and the Association of Fifth and Ninth District
Operators, have amalgamated under the former
name. Only commercial mines, unaffiliated with
railroads, are eligible for membership.
The Shoemaker Coal Co., of Philadelphia, has
purchased the lease and property of the Moshan
non Coal Co., at Lilly Pa,, and will open another
mine on the tract, which comprised, when first
developed, approximately 3,000 acres.
A little less than 4,000,000 bushels of coal was
sent out from the Pittsburgh harbor March 20.
Of the shipment, 3,805,000 bushels was sent out
by the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co.
The supply and oil house of the Pennsylvania
Coal & Coke Corporation at Patton, Pa., was de­
stroyed by fire March 20. Defective wiring is
thought to have been responsible for the blaze.
The Warner-Leonard Coal Co., of Cleveland, O.,
has purchased 500 acres of coal in Fallowfield
township, Washington county, Pa., from Joseph
Rider's heirs and others fo v $550,000.
The Philadelphia Breaker, Order Kokoal, held
a koruskation March 19. Imperial Modoc J. A.
Ballard, of Detroit, Mich., was present and a class
of 14 candidates was initiated.
The Johnson heirs. J. S. Liggett, the Wallace
heirs and George Buxton sold to the Duquesne
Coal & Coke Co., 250 acres of coal at Independence,
Pa., for $100 per acre.
The Coal Dealers' Association of Reading, Pa.,
has appointed a committee of three to arrange
a day for its annual outing to be held during
the summer.
The Westmoreland Coal Co. has declared a dividend
of 3% per cent., payable this date to stock­
holders of record March 18.
The imports of coal into Ecuador for 1913
were 30,891 tons, of which the United States fur­
nished 20,218 tons.
The Bessemer Coke Co., of Pittsburgh, has an­
nounced an increase of its indebtedness to the
extent of $150,000.
The Carlisle Coal & Clay Co. of Sullivan, lnd.,
has reopened its mine after an idleness of three
years.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The annual convention of the National Com­
missary Managers Association will be held at
the Seelbach hotel, Louisville, Ky., Aug. 18-20,
1914.
W. H. Hughes & Co. are installing a complete
electrical equipment at their Ben's Creek mines,
at Lilly, Pa.
MR. D. A. THOMAS DISCUSSES
COAL SUPPLIES AND CONDITIONS.
Mr. D. A. Thomas, the noted Welsh coal opera­
tor, is in this country again for the purpose of
arranging for the development of a large coal
acreage and the construction of a railroad in the
Canadian Northwest. In an interview previous to
leaving for the site of the new operations, Mr.
Thomas, said:
"My interest in producing coal in Wales, is
secondary to my interest in locating depots all
over the world. 1 recognize that if I am to keep
them going successfully, I have to look ahead
for supplies. The unsettled labor conditions in
the Old World make it all the more imperative
that I look to America for coal for the future.
The labor situation in England is very much unsettled,
and 1 would not be surprised if we have
serious trouble with the miners in 1915."
"Legislation prohibiting the sale of any but
American coal on the Panama canal is entirely
unnecessary. Panama is the natural outlet for
American coal, and American producers will un­
questionably reap the benefits that will accrue
through the operation of the new waterway. When
one considers that in the past 10 years, American
coals have supplanted Welsh coals in the West
Indies, one does not need to give serious consideration
to the fear of competition at Panama from
Welsh or German coals.
"The canal will play an important part in commerce,
and I am therefore giving it a great deal
of study. To have my coal interests international
appeals strongly to me, and I am hoping to ex­
tend my operations from time to time, so that
my producing interests will be situated so advantageously
from a geographical standpoint that
my coaling depots will be assured of a constant
supply of coal and at competitive prices, no matter
where they may be located.
"I see a great future for your better grades of
American coals from the operation of the Panama
Canal. Your coals are at present impregnable
so far as the West Indies are concerned. The
west coast of South America will take a great
deal of tonnage from American shippers when the
canal is opened up, while at the present moment
Americans are increasing their shipments to the
east coast of South America and to the Mediterranean."

COAL MINING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
According to the annual report of Mr. W. Fleet
Robertson, provincial mineralogist for British Columbia
for 1912, 2,628,804 tons of coal (not including
the coal used for making coke), valued at 9,-
200,814 dols., were raised, as compared with 2,193,-
662 tons, value at 7,675,717 dols., in 1911, and
264,333 tons of coke, valued at 1,585,998 dols., as
against 66,005 tons, valued at 66,005 dols. Both
returns, however, are below those for 1910, tin
consequence of labor troubles in the East Kootenay
coal field, in 1911, and at the Canadian Collieries,
on Vancouver Island, in 1912. No less than 75 per
cent, of the total output is mined by three companies—the
Crow's Nest Pass Coal Co. (950,706
tons), the Canadian Collieries, and the Western
Fuel Co. The combined output of the Island Collieries
was 1,558,240 tons, whilst 200,257 tons were
produced in the Nicola and Princeton valleys of the
coast district, and 1,261,212 tons in the East Kootenay
district. Of the gross raisings, 1,263,427
tons were sold for consumption in Canada, 851,981
tons were sold for consumption in the United
States, and 1 OS.157 tons were exported to other
countries; 396,905 tons were used for making coke,
240,304 tons were used under colliery boilers, ami
175,744 tons were lost in washing and sorting. It
is interesting to note that the consumption of coal
in the coastal region declined in 1912 by 246,289
tons, due partly to the introduction of Califoruian
oil-fuel.
During the year Mr. Robertson made a trip to
the much talked of Groundhog coal field, near the
headwaters of the Skeena, Stikine, and Nass rivers.
In a report on the trip, he says the coal bearing
formation, as far as it is at piesent indicated
by prospecting, covers an area of about 75 miles
in a northwest and southwest direction, with a
width of about 40 miles. Only in the southern
end of the field has any serious attempt been made
to prove by development the extent and nature of
the seams. Mr. Robertson estimates the total
area at about 2.000 square miles. The seams varyin
thickness from 3 to 8 feet, with some possibly
thicker, and those exposed are much broken and
dirty. The value of the field, from a commercial
view-point, may only lie determined by boring in
the flatter-lying and more undisturbed localities.
The volume also contains a report by Mr. C. F.
J. Galloway, on the Peace river coal field, which
lies east of the Rocky Mountains and west of
120th meridian. The cretaceous measures here
have been known for many years to contain coals
of good quality, and the projected development of
railways invests them with importance. Analyses
of samples made by the government analyst show
that the coals are most high-carbon bituminous
coals of high grade, of an altogether exceptional
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
quality for W r estern America. The following analyses
are selected:
Thick- Vol. Split
ness of Hygro. combus. Fixed Sul- vol.
scam, water, matter, carbon. Ash. pliur. ratio.
Ft. in.
2 11 2.2 15.0 80.6 1.0 Nil S.S4
1 4 2.9 15.0 79.4 2.1 Nil 8.15
2 S 1.0 15.9 77.4 5.1 Nil S.93
1 S 1.3 1S.0 77.4 2.7 Nil S.1S
o lo 1.0 H.5 70.0 13.0 Nil 9.43
The regularity of the measures and their freedom
from disturbance is remarkable, and the lowash
content in most of the samples, taken as they
were fiom outcrops, shows the exceptionally clean
nature of the seams. Only three of the samples
showed any coking quality—and these only fair.
Within the next few years there will be a number
of points on the Peace river in direct railway communication
with the outside. The principal market
will undoubtedly be on the Prairies, but the
high quality of the coal will enable it to compete
far afield for railway consumption—to say nothing
of the steam navigation on the Peace, Athabasca,
and other great rivers and lakes of the Mackenzie
basin.
In the coal mines of the province, in 1912 there
were 22 accidents, which caused 28 deaths; this
gives a fatal accident rate of 3.93 per 1.000 employed,
as against 2.32 in 1911, but it is less than
the decennial average, 4.87. Falls accounts for
21.43 per cent, of the accidents, mine cars and haulage
for 32.14, and explosions of gas for 25.00; and
Mr. Thomas Graham, the chief inspector, considers
that 75 per cent, of the accidents under these
heads were avoidable. An explosion of gas at
the Diamond Vale collieries on March 7, 1912,
caused seven deaths. This was a mixed-light pit.
Much progress in mine-rescue work has been
made during 1912, and tbe number of oxygen apparatus
in the Province at tbe end of the year was
SS, or one for every S1 persons employed. They
comprise the following: 49 2-hour Draeger apparatus;
30 U-hour ditto: six 2-hour Fleuss (Proto)
and three 1-hour Fleuss (Salvator) apparatus. The
government is erecting a station at Nanaimo.
Mr. James Anderson, vice president and general
manager of the Pacific Coast Coal Co., died recently
at his home in Portland, Ore., aged 58
years. He was one of the acknowledged authorities
on coal mining in the Pacific Northwest.
More than 200,000 cars of eoal were shipped
over the South Fork branch of the Pennsylvania
railroad during the year 1913, and the extension
of the branch to Cairnbrook, Pa., is expected to
increase this by one-half during the present year.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PENNSYLVANIA PRODUCTION FOR 1913.
(CONTINUED FROM PACE 39)
Haddon Coal Co 64,710
Gilpin Coal Co 62,064
Logansport Coal Co 62,002
Lucesco Coal Co 61,379
Kiskiminetas Coal Co 59,584
Blairsville Coke Co., Ltd 59,435
Bowman Coal Co 59,364
Valley Coal Co 53,386
Butler Junction Coal Co 50,854
Pine Run Coal & Coke Co 48,646
Maher & Graff Coal Co 47,743
West Leechburg Steel & Tin Plate Co, 39,251
West Penn Mining Co 36,512
Bagdad Coal & Coke Co 33,441
Edri Coal Co 29,654
East Deer Coal Co 29,303
Lewis Coal Co 26,386
American Sheet & Tin Plate Co 24,110
Kier Fire Brick Co 17,200
Buffalo Creek Coal & Brick Co 8,073
George Boyd Coal Co 4,612
Boyd Brothers Coal Co 4,061
Provident Coke & Mining Co 833
Total 7,702,113
DAVID YOUNG, Inspector.
EIGHTEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Carona Coal & Coke Co., and H. B.
Swoope Co 573,241
Rockhill Iron & Coal Co 497,971
Berwind White Coal Mining Co 447,691
Joseph E. Thropp 261,435
Carbon Coal & Coke Co 234,633
Irvona Coal & Coke Co 211,819
Bulah Shaft Coal Co 177,029
James M. Mclntyre & Co 161,163
S. J. Mountz & Co 152,169
Grampian Coal Mining Co 149,782
Colonial Iron Co 136,831
S. Heganty's Sons 108,940
John Langdon 103,315
Thomas McGlynn 90,467
Betz Coal Mining Co 84,542
Madeira-Hill Coal Mining Co 82,228
E. Eichelberger & Co 74,988
Broad Top Coal & Mineral Co 73,903
Leland Coal Mining Co 71.189
W. A. Gould & Brother 68,113
Blain Run Coal Co 55,103
Huntingdon Coal Co 53,859
Dushan Coal Mining Co 53,738
W. R. Gallagher & Brother 48,293
Clark Brothers Coal Mining Co 45,201
Gatehouse & Shoff Coal Co 45,000
Jamesville Coal Co 41,244
J. Blair Kennerly 38,692
A. J. Black 31,510
Schipper Brothers Coal Mining Co.... 30,999
Bellfield Coal & Coke Co 30,852
Henrietta Coal Co 30,720
E. J. Walker & Co 29,357
Central Coal & Coke Co 28,878
Rocky Ridge Coal Co 28,842
Standard Moshannon Coal Co 27,998
Shannon Coal Co 27,595
Reed Colliery Co 27,300
Vivian Coal & Coke Co 26.735
Bulah Coal Co 26,451
Louise Coal Co • 25,596
Fernwood Coal Co 22,016
The Anda Coal Co 21,429
Kelley Brothers Coal Co 21,357
Rancey Coal Co 21,347
Atlantic Coal Mining Co 21,091
Harbison-Walker Refractories Co 20,960
Leskil Coal Mining Co 17,626
Henry Liveright 16,295
Michael Burns 15,036
Brisbin Coal Mining Co 12,488
Lula Coal Co 12,194
Moshannon Coal Mining Co 11,684
William Heil 11,111
Neveling Coal Mining Co 10,900
Saxton Coal Co 10,598
Highland Coal Mining Co 10,508
Cedar Hill Coal Mining Co 8,307
Brown Brothers 7,663
Lobb & Andrews 6,896
Henry Myers 6,237
Witchey & Griffith 6,211
Black Oak Coal Co 5,000
Total 4,812,366
THOMAS A. MATHER, Inspector.
NINETEENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Westmoreland Coal Co 2,195,380
Keystone Coal & Coke Co 1,454,921
Ocean Coal Co 1,122,151
New York & Cleveland Gas Coal Co... 1,034,541
Penn Gas Coal Co 975,331
Pittsburg & Baltimore Coal Co 606,576
Manor Gas Coal Co 449,473
Pittsburg-Westmoreland Coal Co 434,173
W. B. Skelly Coal Co 110,002
Export Coal Co 88,055
Adamsburg Gas Coal Co 78,093
Bixler Coal & Coke Co 35,770
Westmoreland Gas Coal Co 33,522
Total 8,617,988
ARTHUR NEALE, Inspector.

TWENTY-THIRD BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
H. C. Frick Coke Co 4,459,781
Consolidated Connellsville Coke Co.... 743,336
Bessemer Coke Co 358,287
Republic Iron & Steel Co 243,421
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co 209,558
Puritan Coke Co 171,676
Fayette Coke Co 161,660
McKeefrey Coal Co 101,260
South Fayette Coke Co 87,392
W. J. Parshall 74,272
Gilmore Coke Co 70,100
James H. Hoover 50,000
Plumer Coke Co 50,000
Poland Coal Co 49,544
Hope Coke Co 49,327
Reilley & Callaghan 33,200
Whyel Coke Co 14,858
James Byrne & Co 13,965
Sapper Coke Co 12,101
Total 6,953,738
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 5.
EDWARD E. GIROD. Inspector
TWENTY-SEVENTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal
& Coke Co 2,169,947
Pittsburgh Coal Co 1,522,155
Henderson Coal Co 554,343
Naomi Coal Co 354,435
Warner-Youghiogheny Coal Co 348,318
Belle Vernon Coke Co 57,938
Total 5,007,136
HARRY PHYTHYON, Inspector.
TWENTY-EIGHTH BITUMINOUS DISTRICT.
Cowanshannock Coal & Coke Co 1,250,269
Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal & Coke Co. 1,088,751
Allegheny River Mining Co 1,066,832
Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Co... 491,245
Anita Coal Mining Co 304,405
Seneca Coal Mining Co 254,256
Fairmount Coal Co 250,596
Peale, Peacock & Kerr, Inc 237,307
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal & Iron Co. 224,460
Potts Run Land Co 143,459
Carnwath Coal Co 130,795
S. A. Rinn Coal Co 76,353
Pine Run Coal Co 67,668
Oak Ridge Mining Co 65,065
Reed Colliery Co 37,250
Ross Run Coal Co 2°. 16S
Clearfield & Cambria Coal & Coke Co.. 17,341
Savan Coal Mining Co 15,818
Kelley Brothers Coal Co 12,370
Williams Run Coal Co
10 - 650
Good Clay and Coal Co 9,150
Easton Coal Co 7,662
Unity Coal Co 6,761
Mahoning Coal Co 3,939
Total 5,792,570
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
No. of mines 59
No. of mines in operation 53
No. tons of coal shipped to market.... 5,593,274
No. of tons used at mines for steam and
heat 179,809
No. tons sold to local trade and used
by employes 19,487
No. tons coal produced 5,792,570
No. tons coal produced by pick niining 1,329,457
No. tons produced by compressed air
machines 1,273,841
No. tons produced by electrical machines
3,189,272
No. persons employed inside of mines 5,584
No. persons employed outside, including
coke workers 718
No. fatal accidents inside mines 8
No. fatal accidents outside 2
No. non-fatal accidents inside of mines 31
No. non-fatal accidents outside 5
No. tons coal produced per fatal accident
inside 724,071
No. tons produced per fatal accident
outside 2,896,285
No. tons produced per fatal accident
inside and outside 579,257
No. persons employed per fatal accident
inside 69S
No. persons employed per fatal accident
outside 359
No. persons employer per fatal accident
inside and outside 630
No. persons employed per non-fatal accident
inside 180
No. persons employed per non-fatal accident
outside 144
No. persons employed per non-fatal accident
inside and outside 175
No. wives made widows 8
No. children made orphans 14
No. locomotives used inside 3
No. electric motors used inside S8
No. electric motors used outside 2
No. fans in use 33
No. furnaces in use 17
No. gaseous mines in operation 3
No. non-gaseous mines in operation... 50
No. new mines opened 6
No. old mines abandoned 5
No. gasoline motors used outside 2
THOMAS H, THOMPSON, Inspector.

60
ft
NECROLOGICAL
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Mr. George Westinghouse, one of the most
prominent men in Pittsburgh, died in New York
March 12, from heart trouble, aged 67 years. He
was a native of Central Bridge, N. Y„ and was
born October 6, 1S46. He invented a rotary steam
engine when 14, and later invented a car replacer
and a reversible railway frog. The manufacture
of the latter brought him to Pittsburgh
in 1S67, and shortly afterward he invented his
famous air-brake, which has become standard all
over the world. He also invented the pneumatic
block signal system now in use on most of the
railroads of the country, developed the alternating
current distributing system, and the transmission
of power by electricity. He developed
a new gas engine of large capacity, and invented
the turbine reduction gear, now adopted by the
U. S. Navy. He also invented an air spring for
automobiles and motor trucks that has proved
successful. In mining matters, along with the
Baldwin locomotive works, the Westinghouse interests
have been building a mine locomotive
that has been very successful wherever introduced.
He leaves a widow and one son. Interment
was in New York. He was a member of
many scientific societies and had been awarded
many medals and decorations by rulers and societies
in foreign lands, as well as by scientific
societies in this country.
Mr. William C. Bullitt, well known coal operator,
lawyer and former vice president of the
Norfolk & Western railroad, died in Philadelphia
March 21, aged 57 years. He was prominent in
the development of the Pocahontas coal region
of Virginia. Mr. Bullit was one of the surviving
original partners of Castner, Curran & Bullit. and
was the son of the author of the lamous oullit bill."
the notable reform charter enacted for tlie city of
Philadelphia, and which it now is operating under.
He is survived by a widow and three sons.
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
JTheJ. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
\ Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
j Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
; Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING. OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
John C. Bullit, third; William C. Bullit, Jr., and
Orville Herwitz Bullit.
Mr. .1. E. Waters, of Bridgeport, 0„ superintendent
of the Wheeling Creek mines of the Lorain
Coal & Dock Co., died recently after a lingering
illness. He was a native of Pottsville, Pa.,
and a veteran of the Civil War. He had been
in charge of the Wheeling Creek mines for 34
years. He was a member of several of the Masonic
bodies. Interment was at Pottsville, Pa.
Mr. Roy W. Jacobs, aged 47, coal operator, promoter
and former Burgess of Huntingdon, Pa„
is dead. He was president of the Broad Top
Coal & Mineral Co. and of Possum Hollow Coal
Co., and was promoter and former president of
Huntingdon's street railway company. His wife,
three sons, four brothers and a sister survive.
Mr. Stephen Wolschlag, of Peoria, 111., died at
his home March 16, from Bright's disease. He
was aged 57 years. He was one of the best known
operators of Illinois, although not connected with
the larger companies. He is survived by his
widow and three brothers.
Haulage Engine
fu x 12 Double Cylinder, Double Drum. Built
by the Exeter Machine Co. 1907. Excellent condition.
Low price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT CO.,
3115 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Wanted—Situation.
Man (age thirty) fifteen years in general offices
of large Bituminous coal corporation, at present
assistant head bookkeeper, general knowledge of
accounting; would like to make a change.
Address P. ]_., care "Tun COAL TUADE BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
coal land in fee. Seven hundred and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Situated
on the Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & 0. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily produce
fifty (50,000) thousand tons per month. Price.
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dollars.
($150,000 cash, and balance to suit @ 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
PEALE, PEACOCK A KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN
MINE CARS
42 inch gauge: 3000 to 4000 pounds capacity-
Good Condition. Low Price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT COMPANY,
3145 Penn Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
For Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-15
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUR, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, In
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
FOR SALE
Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
& D. also the Kittannings C. & B.
The E. & C. are being operated and open for
inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quarters
of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
Hie names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

NEW ENTERPRISES
Haekett Coal & Coke Co., Cedar Grove, XV. Va.;
capital. $75,000; incoriiorators, Samuel Haekett,
Floyd Haekett, Gertrude Haekett and H. P. Tompkins,
Cedar Grove, W. Va. J. Edward Settle
Fayetteville, W. Va.
Blacksburg Coal Co., Palmer, W. Va.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, H. C. Whitman, Flora
Ransom, Edw. Dooley and Joe Ransom, of Plymouth.
Pa., and Chas. A. Frisbie, of Moosic, Pa.
Lincoln Coal Mines Corporation, Fairmont, W.
Va.; capital, $150,000; incorporators. J. F. Ritchie,
J. R. Burns. Chas. S. Windsor, W. C. Devanlt
and C. Y. Fause, all of Fairmont.
Iroquois Collieries Co., Logan, W. Va.; capital,
43,000; incorporators, Edward H. Jewett, Leonard
P. Davies, Richard R. Chase, Ray Cook, Walter
P. Mc-Mahon. of Logan, W. Va.
Griffith Collieries Co., Charleston, W. Va.; capital,
$1,000,000; incorporators, F. W. Ogden, C. P.
W. Dickson, A. Widderfield, H. J. McCormick
and N. Cotle, of Scranton, Pa.
Monongalia Coal Company, Fairmont, W. Va.;
capital, $500,000; incorporators, J. A. Clark, H.
B. Clark, T. F. Robey, C. H. Waggener and John
M. Flannagan, all of Fairmont.
Secone Coal Co., Logan, W. Va.; capital, $100,-
000; incorporators, R. S. Spillman, R. M. Price,
D. XV. Hill, C. O. McFarland and A. C. Collins,
all of Charleston, W. Va.
Cheat River Coal Co., Albright, \V. Va.; capital,
$..00,00(1; incoriiorators, J. Clyde Markley, A.
R. Balc-d-., S. M. Steele, J. VV. Menefee and R.
W. Mason, all of Albright.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. fi.",
Blythe Coal Co., Brilliant, O.; capital, $25,000;
incoriiorators, F. H. Bruening, F. F. Fitzharris,
A. E. Vance, W. McD. Miller and J. S. O'Neil,
all of Brilliant.
Tin Mile Creek Co., Uniontown, Pa.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, H. R. Myers, Ralph M. Al­
lison, A. Kirk Wrenshall, all of Washington, Pa.
Rogers Coal Co.. Scottdale. Pa.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, M. E. Reid and E. C. Reid, of
Scottdale, and J. XV. Newbrough, of Dunbar.
South Brilliant Coal Co., Cullman, Ala.; capital,
$lo,oul); incorporators, (leorge H. Parker, A.
A. Griffith and O. S. Goodwyn.
Grice Coal Co., Kewanee, 111.; capital, $1,600;
incorporators, Albert Grice, William Jameson and
William Jackson.
As an indication of th" improvements contemplated
by the Western Maryland under the new
regime, 20 new freight locomotives and five
switching engines are to be put in service as
soon as they can be shipped and set up.
THE J. B. SANBORN CO. I
•i Special Mercantile Agency
,
i FO« TMI
COAL TRADE.
i PUBLISHERS OF J
\ The Coal Dealers' Blue Book l
i Contains a Complete List for the United -•
C States and Canada ot all Coal Operators, )
~ Snippers and Dealers, Gas Companies, Eie- i
vators, Foundries, Mills, Iron Works, and i
J all Manufacturers who buy Coal and Coke In -.
J car load lots, with capital and 1438 pay SO. ratings. PENN SQUARE,> \
Room
CHICAGO.
V 550 Monon Building. .40 Daarbom St.,
PHILADELPHIA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
"ARGYLE"
SOUTH FORK,
SMOKELESS
C O ^ A V
PENNSYLVANIA.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
DERRY GLASS SAND COMPANY
MANUFACTURERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGH GRADE CRUSHED ROCK SAND
For Motor, Engine and Building Purposes.
PROMPT i ° o r
SHIPMENTS GENERAL OFFICES: LATROBE, PA.
GUARANTEED.
PHONE 200.
HOW TO KEEP IN TOUCH WITH AFFAIRS.
Mines of information on every subject are at your disposal—Just say the word and we'll drive an entry for you
USE OUR PRESS CLIPPINGS.
Ours is the only Clipping Bureau in the greatest Industrial Center of the World.
We have two branches—
A LOCAL SERVICE and A GENERAL SERVICE.
Both are splendid aids to busv men. Ask us for definite information and rates.
The Central Press Bureau,
906 & 908 WABASH BUILDING.
Telephone 2154 Court. PITTSBURGH, PA.
JAMES G. GEEGAN, GENERIL MANAGER F. J. MULLHOLAND, SALES MANAOEB
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL PHONE. 2517 COURT P _« A -PHONE, M 151
J. H. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS : J
| Moisture 153 BEST FOR STEAM AND >
Volatile Matter - 35.96
( Fixed Carbon . . . - 56.34 DOMESTIC USES
I Ash 6.17 ' I
j Sulphur 1.79 S
( B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3 ° ffices : ' 3 * 5 P«* Building, PITTSBURGH. <
) Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, •_.,_, C
Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist. BeU Ph ° neS ' Gr,nt 1822-1823-1824 J
! 5
i

T s &he
RADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, APRIL 15, 1914 No. 10
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1914, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and comimmicatious upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL THAUE BULLETIN,
926-930 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone L'50 Grant.
I Entered at the Tost Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
W.MITMl AMI W.VK lll.\u SEEMS lo BE THE S1TUA-
TIO.N in the coal market at the present time.
Little, if any coal is being produced where wage
conditions are in negotiation, and the market
seems to have no backbone nor strength. It can­
not be inferred that pendency of wage negotia­
tions is responsible for this, for the opposite is
true, but it can be laid to the general policy of
retrenchment now going on in the business world,
particularly in transportation lines. Reports of
decreasing forces on the part of railroads, and the
increase in the number of idle cars are pointers
that show the why of market conditions. Then
stocks above ground are plentiful and these all
combine to make the market an unsatisfactory one.
The labor situation at this time is the absorbing
one in the trade, because of the referendum vote
of the miners to be taken today (April 14) on the
question of approving the action of the conven­
tion in the matter of a wage scale. Until this
vote shall have been counted a week hence, final
settlement of the wage scales in the different dis­
tricts will not be possible, and the element of un­
certainty will continue to obtain.
Under different circumstances shipments of coal
from the mines destined for the head of the lakes
probably would have been under way by this time,
but so far nothing has been done nor is there
likely to be any movement until such time as
costs of production are determined.
In the Pittsburgh district production is almost
at a minimum, with but few mines working, and
those that are working being mostly ones of cor­
porations mining* their own fuel. Shipments ol
coal have been made by the companies operating
on the rivers, during the fortnight, but they have
practically cleared up their tonnage. Like in
all other districts, the trade in this one is "watch­
fully waiting" for the result of the referendum
vote of the miners. Demand for coal is light,
and in consequence prices have little strength
beyond the maintenance of card rates. Quota­
tions are at $1.30 to $1.40 for run-of-mine coal;
$1.4() to $1.50 for three-quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60
for inch and one-quarter coal, and 80 to 90 cents
lor slack.
Coke manufacturers seemingly have convinced
consumers, at last, that the price of coke must no
longer be determined by the ratio to pig iron that
has ruled for so long, and that its price must
be determined by the cost of production. This
has resulted in the manufacturers fixing a price
for the second quarter of the year at their own
figures, which at least will yield enough to leave
tbe maker a little margin of profit. Tonnage
during the fortnight has not increased to a great
degree, but was heavier than the same part of any
of the previous months of the year. The num­
ber of active ovens in the region have increased,
and there are indications that this will be still
further the case as the weeks go by. Prices are
held at $2.50 to $2.75 for furnace coke and $3.50
to $3.75 for foundry coke.
The anthracite branch of the trade is going
along steadily, with iittle to cause comment,.
There has been some little increase in demand al
certain distributing points, and Ihe mines are get­
ting ready for the opening of the lake, season.
Aside from this feature, and the fact that the de­
mand probably may increase in the next fort-

20 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
night, the anthracite field is going along in an
even manner that has been noticeable since the
cessation of the troublesome button strikes.
THAT A MAN MAY HOLD STOCK IN MOKE THAN ONE
CORPORATION, or that the same group of men may
own one or more corporations and not violate the
law of the land is the effect of a decision by the
United States court in New Jersey. And the de­
cision has on its side not only reason but com­
mon sense. .lust why the same group of men did
not dare invest their money in two corporations
is one of tlie mysteries that the "Trust busting"
advocates thus far have failed to clear up. Their
contention that it resulted in the restraint of
trade and stifled competition didn't ring true in
every sense of the word, and the decision just ren­
dered seems to bear out that fact. One thing is
sure, the decision will give some assurance to
investors that they need not tear prosecution
every time they desire putting tbeir money into
some legitimate enterprise.
. . .
CHIEF HENRY OF THE WEST VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT
OF MINES does not hesitate to adopt the initiative
of othei persons when that initiative makes for
greater safety in the mines of the state, as is evi­
denced by the sending out to mine owners of the
state a letter forwarded him by one operating
firm advising him of the appointment of a safety
inspector and outlining his duties. .Mr. Henry
recommends that other owners take similar steps,
and his stand in the matter is to lie commended.
* . .
PENNSYLVANIA'S BITUMINOUS PRODUCTION FOI; THE
YEAR 1913 appears on another page of this issue,
and it will be found of value to all interested in
the coal trade. The table shows but little
change in the rank of the leading producing com­
panies, although a number of instances occur
where new companies, appearing for the first time
in the table show a decidedly large tonnage. In­
cluded in the list of smaller companies whose ton­
nage could not be given because of lack of space,
are some whose tonnage in previous years was
larger, but which, during the year just passed,
dropped off for one reason or another. The ton­
nages are taken from tbe records of the state offi­
cials and will be found, we believe, correct in
every way.
PERSONS INTERESTED I.\ THE' COAI. INDUSTRY can
find subject for thought in the articles that appear
in this issue relative to the Canadian Northwest.
British Columbia and Alberta, two of the pro­
vinces of the dominion, are coming to the lront
and, in a few years, will dispute with American
coal for much of the trade of the Northwest. It
is, therefore, not amiss to say at this time that
all information relative to the industry in that
section of the continent is of value just now and
probably will increase in value ere the territory
is fully developed.
» • »
ILLINOIS NEW MINING COMMISSION HAS BEEN
NAMED, its object being to revise the mining laws
of the state. The commission is to report to
the next session of the legislature. With all
due respect to its membership and to the chief
executive of the state, if the results of its labors
are not more satisfactory than many similar com­
missions that have been puttering over mining
laws, the money that will be expended on it had
better been saved. The history of commissions
of this kind, in recent years, has been that neither
mine owners, miners or the public has been satis­
fied with the laws that followed the commission's
actions. Will this one turn out different?
Bituminous tonnage in one year running close
to one and three-quarter hundred millions isn't
half bad for Pennsylvania mines. It's a mighty
big drop in tbe bucket of national production.
* * *
Investors who have money in two or three cor­
porations can now see a little of the silver lining
to the cloud, since the decision ol the U. S. Court
says it's not a capital crime.
* * *
Trout, fishin's on, so what's the use of worrying
about wage troubles, car shortages, low prices or
anything else, when the speckled beauties are ris­
ing to tbe fly.
• * a
That referendum vote of the miners is a matter
of some moment these days, and we'll bet our old
bat it doesn't decrease in importance in the next
week.
* * .
"Safety" is the broncho that most mine opera­
tors have a rope on these days and are breaking
to the saddle.

WAGE AGREEMENTS IN CENTRAL COMPETI­
TIVE FIELDS REMAIN I N ABEYANCE
PENDING THE REFERENDUM VOTE OF
THE MINE WORKERS AND MEANWHILE
MINES PRACTICALLY ALL ARE CLOSED
DOWN.
The operators and the miners of the Central
competitive fields have been in conferences during
tbe fortnight over tbe adjustment of the different
wage scales, but have arrived at no conclusion,
due in most part to the fact that the final result
of these negotiations will depend on the result
of the referendum vote of the mine workers
which is to be taken today (April 14) and counted
not later than April 21.
In the meantime, despite the efforts of the officials
of the Mine Workers to keep the men at
work, practically all the mines in the field are
idle, and little coal is being mined.
Briefly reviewed, the situation in the different
fields at this date is:
ILLINOIS FIELD.
The operators and miners of Illinois have been
in conference at Peoria since April 2. The miners
among other things, demanded that the operating
companies advance day wages 25 cents per
day. that an advance of four cents per ton be
made on the niining rate in Williamson, Saline
and Franklin counties, that all men required by
the operatois should be furnished by the secretaries
of the local unions, for a fireman in each
engine room and for a two-day holiday every two
weeks.
The operators offered counter propositions, embracing
the present scale and the elimination of
the check off, and the conference deadlocked, and
adjourned to meet at the call of the chairman.
Mr. W. L. Schmick.
ANTI-SCREKN LAW HOLDS UP OHIO.
The wage question in Ohio is complicated by
the mine-run payment law. and until its exact
status is determined there is not likely to be a
final adjustment of the wage scale.
Miners and operatois held a joint conference
at which the former presented their demands,
among them payment in conformity with the newlaw.
The latter refused these demands and announced
that the new law would be tested as to
its constitutionality ere they would consider final
wage agreements. They also announced that they
would close their mines until such determination
was made by the courts.
That status of affairs obtained until Apiil lo.
when the operators' association held a meeting
and voted to meet the miners in joint conference
when the latter are ready, and also voted to insti­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 21
tute suits to test the law at once. In the meantime
the operators of the state have continued to
keep their mines closed, because it would be suicidal
to operate without knowing what the coal is
(csting them.
The mine workeis of the state, it is reported,
will receive benefits from the organization pending
some action, it, being ruled that the present situation
is a lockout that entitles the men to benefits.
Following the announcement of the Ohio operators
that they would test the mine-run law, the
miners workers' headquarters in Indianapolis announced
that under no circumstances would the
organization waive the operation of the law pending
the decision of the courts as to its constitutionality.
Secretary Green is quoted as saying
that the Ohio convention would adopt a mine-run
scale and that this was the only basis on which
the men of that state would treat with the operators
in joint conference.
A convention of the Ohio miners has been called
at Columbus, Monday, April 20. About 200 delegates
will attend. No meetings with operators
will be held until after the miners adopt wage
proposals in conformity with the Chicago policy,
subject of course to this policy being approved
by the referendum. Then as a basis for negotiations
"equivalent" prices for mine-run operations
will have to be fixed by the niiners, if this system
must go into effect.
INDIANA NEGOTIATIONS PROGRESSING.
Indiana mine workers by a vote of S2 to 32 in
convention deckled to remain at work pending the
adjustment of a new wage scale, although there
were some of the delegates who bitterly opposed
the plan and had offered a resolution to stop work.
While the vote was to remain at work, the mines
as a rule are idle.
The operators and niiners met in joint conference
at Terre Haute April 9, and six of the 16
demands presented by the mineis were rejected by
the operatois on the ground that they would tend
to increase tlie cost of production. These rejected
demands were: Differential of seven cents
between pick and machine mined coal; union made
powder at fixed price of $1.25 a keg; delivery of
mules to bottom of shaft; companies to pay for
break-throughs; exemption of machine men from
payment of blacksmithing; uniform scale for slate
and dirt with payment of wages weekly.
The Indiana mine workers accepted the report
of the scale committee for the stripping operations,
and then adjourned until April 14.
IOWA CONFERENCE IS ON.
The joint conference of Iowa operators and
miners began at Des Moines April 6. and is string-

T2, THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ing out to interminable length, due to tlie fact
that the disputes in each of the sub-districts are
being taken up for adjustment in turn. The real
differences on the wage question have not yet been
reached.
BASIS OF DIFFERENCE IN KENTUCKY.
The operators and miners of Western Kentucky
have been in joint conference at Louisville, Ky.,
during Ibe fortnight attempting to fix a new* wage
scale, but have not reached any conclusion.
The basis of difference is the amount of coal
that goes into the weight box. Under the scale
that expired, the niiners were paid for screened
coal on the basis of 02 per cent, of the mine-run
weights, and now they demand that this be increased
to 7 per cent. They have offered to sub
mit the matter to a special test.
The joint conference having adjourned, the ques­
tion of further negotiations will depend on the
result of the miners' vote.
WEST VIRGINIA.
The joint conference of tbe opeiators and Mine
Workers of District No. 17. West Virginia, assembled
at Charleston, W. Va.. today.
The Mine Workers' scale committee has pre­
pared a scale to be presented to the conference
embracing 24 demands, tbe first of which is for
a 10 per cent, increase in pick mining and a cor-
lesponding advance in machine mining with the
preset differential. A similar increase is asked
on all outside and inside day labor.
TEMPLE IRON COMPANY TO SELL
PROPERTIES OF SUBSIDIARIES.
In compliance with the decree of the United
States Supreme Court ordering the dissolution
of the Temple Iron Co. and the sale of its prop­
erties, notice was issued at Philadelphia, April 3,
asking lor proposals to be submitted by April 30
for the purchase of those properties. These comprise
the Northwest Coal Co.. tbe Edgerton Coal
Co., the Sterrick Creek Coal Co., the Babylon Coal
Co., the Mount Lookout Coal Co., the Forty Fort
Coal Co. and the Lackawanna Coal Co., Limited.
According to the court's decree, these proper­
ties were acquired by the Temple Iron Co. in
violation of the anti-trust law. They are said
to have in their treasuries $2,038,000 and the
current assets exceed the current liabilities by
$034,000. In addition to lands and coal mining
appliances the company owns 18,000,000 tons of
unmined anthracite coal.
The Coalfield Company of Coal City, Coal City,
111., has increased its capital from $20,000 to
$40,000.
PITTSBURGH MINE WORKERS NOT IN
HARMONY ON WAGE AGREEMENT.
Following the signing of a tentative wage agree­
ment by the operators of the Pittsburgh district
and the scale committee of the LTnited Mine Work­
ers, dissatisfaction was voiced by some of the
members of the mine workers' organization, and
it resulted in passing of resolutions by local
unions in which the dissatisfied members declared
the officials had betrayed their trust.
The discontent went further than the mere
passing of resolutions, and a meeting was called
for Pittsburgh April 10, at which time the dis­
satisfied ones hoped to take more definite action.
Members of tbe organization who believed the
administration had done its best for the men were
in attendance at this convention and were in
sufficient numbers to prevent any radical action
being taken.
The convention, after some disorder, adjourned
to meet in Monongahela City.
The meeting at Monongahela City was held April
13, and among the speakers was Secretary-Treas­
urer William Green of the International organi­
zation, whose talk resulted in a better feeling
for peace.
A resolution was presented at the meeting for
men to return to work April 10, but it met with
opposition and was referred back to a committee.
Another meeting will be held April 15 when
this question will be decided.
Two visiting delegates from Ohio addressed the
convention and pleaded with tlie members to work
in harmony with the Ohio men in wage matters.
ILLINOIS MINING COMMISSION
NAMED BY GOVERNOR DUNNE.
Gov. Dunne, of Illinois, on April 3 appointed the
new State Mining Investigation commission,
created by the last session of the Illinois legisla­
ture to revise the state mining laws and to report
the result of their work to the next session of the
legislature. The commission named consists of:
Mines—Thomas Davis, Kewanee; Robert A.
Locke, .Johnson City: William Welch. Pawnee.
Operators—Thomas Jeremiah, Willisville; XV. D.
Obcamp, Lincoln: Rice Miller, Hillsboro.
Disinterested Members—B. L. Russell. Princeton;
Jacob G. Grossberg, Chicago, and Dr. H. H.
Stoek, Urbana.
A meeting of the commission for organization is
scheduled for Springfield, 111., this date. April 14.
A special meeting ol the shareholders in the
Bessemer Coke Co. is called for May 28, in Pitts­
burgh, to vote on a proposition to increase the
indebtedness of the company.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA CONFERENCE DISAGREES -MINES IDLE
The Central Pennsylvania wage conference at
Philadelphia adjourned Saturday evening, April
4, without an agreement, but to reassemble at the
joint call of President B. M. Clark of the operators'
association and President Patrick Gilday of
the miners. At a meeting of the larger tonnage
producers on March 10 they agreed to close their
mines until an agreement is reached. These interests
produce about 85 per cent, of the Central
Pennsylvania tonnage, as represented in their
association.
In the joint conference the miners' committee
would not consent to submit to referendum vote
the operators' proposition for a strict renewal of
the old agreement. The ground for this is that
it could not be done until the International referendum
approves the basis. Besides the miners
were holding out for some concessions including
the car-pushing issue. The niiners offered a revised
proposition on the car-pushing question as
follows:
"Philadelphia, March 31, 1914.
"Rule 21, amended by adding the following:
"On and after April 1, 1914, at all mines where
the standard of the loaded mine car (Note—by
standard of the loaded mine car is meant the
weight of the coal only in tiie mine car) is one
ton five hundred weight or under, the miners
shall push the car both ways in their rooms,
empty and loaded.
"Where the standard is one ton fifteen hundred
weight and over one ton five hundred weight, the
operator shall push the car one way, whichever
way is the heaviest grade, and the miner shall
push the car the other way.
"Where the standard of the mine car is over
one ton fifteen hundred weight, the operator shall
pull the car both ways. (Note—The ton referred
to is 2240 pounds and the hundred weight is 112
pounds).
"Where cars are pulled one or both ways under
the 1912 agreement, the same shall be continued
under this agreement, except where the standard
weight exceeds one ton fifteen hundred weight; in
such cases the operators shall pull the cars both
ways.
"It is also understood that the standard of the
mine cars shall not be changed from the standard
existing under the 1912 agreement, except by mutual
consent of the miners and operators."
The operators presented as their final propositions,
the following:
April 1. 1914.
We, the subscale committee of the Operators'
Association of Central Pennsylvania, submit to
you our final propositions.
FIRST PROPOSITION.
The scale agreement, made at Du Bois, Fa., in
April, 1912, to be renewed for three years from
April 1, 1914, with the following understanding:
The price of pick mining to be reduced three
cents per ton and the price of machine loading
to be reduced two cents per ton. Both these
reductions being on the gross ton basis.
The prices on the net ton basis to be reduced
in equivalent amounts.
The following classes of labor to be reduced to
the price paid under the scale agreement dated
Altoona, Pa.. April 23, 1910:
Cutting and scraping, either by the ton, task
or day (was advanced 4.17 per cent.); dead work
and yardage, all inside day labor, excepting cutting
and scraping (was advanced 4.44 per cent.);
all outside day labor and trappers and patchers
was advanced 5 per cent.); also any other classes
of labor not herein mentioned, reduced to the
scale dated Altoona, Pa., April 23. 1910.
The following addition to be made to Rule 21.
On ancl after April 1, 1914, at all mines where
the standard of the loaded mine car. ( Note—By
standard of the loaded mine car is meant the
weight of the car only, in the mine car) is 1 ton
7 c-wt. or under, the miners shall push the car
both ways in their rooms, empty and loaded.
WTrere the standard is 1 ton 11 cwt. and over 1
ton 7 cwt., the operator shall pull the car one
way (whichever way is the heaviest grade) and
the miner shall push tbe car the other way.
Where the standard of the mine car is over
1 ton 17 cwt. the operator shall push the car
both ways.
(Note: The ton referred to is 2,24c pounds and
the hundred weight is 112 pounds).
It is understood the operator shall have the
right to increase or decrease the standard of the
car at any of his tipples at any time during the
life of this agreement.
This proposition must be accepted or declined
in whole, and not in part.
SECOND PROPOSITION.
We agree that we will renew and continue in
its entirety for two years from this date, to March
31, 1916, the contract dated at Du Bois, Pa., April
20, 1912, without any variations or alterations.
Both of these propositions are made for immediate
acceptance, and are made by this sub-scale
committee with the understanding that they can
be withdrawn at any time.

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The meeting of the Association of Bituminous
Coal Operators of Central Pennsylvania in Philadelphia
April 7 voted 39 to seven to close the
mines until a wage contract is made. The association
has a membership of Oo and under its
rule requiring a two-third majority on such a
proposition it was lost.
The larger operatois were in favor of closing
and called another meeting for April lo, at which
the producers of 85 per cent, of the tonnage of
the association voted to close. As a result most
of tlie Central Pennsylvania mines aie idle.
THE FIRST WAGE SCALE SIGNED.
The miners independent of the U. M. W. of A.
along the Lilly branch of the P. R. R. in Central
Pennsylvania, were the first to make a new wage
scale. These operators, except W. H. Piper & Co.,
have signed the agreement which, follows:
Agreement between .Miners' Progressive Checkweigh
Association, of Lilly and Vicinity and
the Coal Operators of the same:
Lilly, Pa.. March 28, 1914.
We, the scale committee, beg leave to submit
the following agreement to govern this district
lor two years dating from April 1, 1914, until
April 1, 1910:
Section 1 :
Pick mining per gross ton, seevnty-two cents.
Pick mining per net ton. sixty-four 29-100 cents.
Machine loading per gross ton, forty-two cents.
Machine loading per net ton, thirty-seven and
one-half cents.
Clay veins to be paid at Ihe rate of one dollar
a foot or by the clay.
Section 2:
Where the miner has two feet of rock top or
bottom or both combined, he shall be paid 50
cents per yard and for all rock, etc., over two
feet. 75 cents shall be paid. Drivers shall be
paid 33 cents per hour and track layers' wages
in proportion. All other outside and inside labor
to be paid same rate as in scale of year 1912.
Section 3:
That there be no* discrimination in the distribution
of mining cars, or in the replacing of
miners, out of employment by reason of their
place being worked out, and that no men from
other localities to be employed whilst residents
«.l this community arc out of employment and
seeking work.
Section 4:
That dues and assessments for the association
shall be deluded from all miners, and all mine
workers in ancl around the mines. Said dues to
be deducted through the company office and paid
over to the party or parties authorized by the
association to receive same.
Section 5:
It shall not be compulsory witli mineis or
mine workers to deal or trade with any company
stoie. or to be compelled to pay any doctor, or
buy mine supplies from the company employing
them. Ancl that eight hours shall constitute a
day's work for drivers and all other inside laborers.
M. P. KEARNEY,
JOHN SWEENEY - ,
W. L. MCGOUGH,
JOSEPH SANDY,
JOHN PIKUS,
Scale Committee.
CIRCULAR TO OHIO MINERS ANTICIPATES
SUB DISTRICT SETTLEMENTS IN THAT
STATE.
Following is a copy of an interesting circular
which the miners' International officers have sent
to the Ohio mineis:
OFFICIAL CIRCULAR.
Indianapolis, lnd., April 4. 1914.
To the Officers and Members of District No. 0.
United Mine Workers of America:
Brothers—The coal operators of Ohio have
placed themselves in an indefensible position.
The responsibility lor closing tbe mines of tbe
state rests entirely with them.
The policy committee of the United Mine Workers
of America, numbering one hundred or more,
advised the miners to continue work upon the
basis of the contract which expired .March 31.
until all local matters in the different districts and
sub-districts could be taken up and adjusted. Notwithstanding
this attitude of the United Mine
Workers' organization and the further fact that
the mine-run lay in Ohio does not go into effect
until May 20. the operators of Ohio refuse to permit
the niiners to work pending a settlement.
After calm reflection and proper understanding
of Ihe policy outlined by the general polity committee,
you wili appreciate that the operators nave
been placed at a disadvantage and that the public
will plaee the responsibility for idleness in Ohio
upon them. You in turn will be plated in a
much stronger position before the public. We
are watching the situation closely and we wish
to assure the mine workers of Ohio that all tbe
force and strength of the international organization
will be used to protect your interests. We
are with you and yvill give to you ancl your district
our fullest co-operation and most hearty support.
The weighing of coal before screened is something
tbe miners of Ohio have been contending
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 55)

H. C. Frick Coke Co
Pittsburgh Coal Co
Monongahela River Consoli­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 26
PENNSYLVANIA BITUMINOUS PRODUCTION IN 1913"
dated Coal & Coke Co 8,016,948 7,868,165
Berwind-White Coal Mining
Co
4,495,400 4,337,508
Keystone Coal & Coke Co.. . . 4,083,486
Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal
3,921,272
& Iron Co
Pennsylvania Coal & Coke
Coi poration
Vesta Coal Co
Westmoreland Coal Co
Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad
& Coal Co
Jamison Coal & Coke Co...
Jefferson & Clearfield Coal &
Iron Co
Pittsburgh-West moreland Coal
Co
W. J. Rainey
Consolidation Coal Co
Buffalo & Susquehanna Coal
& Coke Co
1.834,880
Ellsworth Collieries Co. . . . 1,822,305
Pittsburgh Gas Coal Co 1,697,815
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co
Penn Gas Coal Co
Cambria Steel Co
Clearfield Bituminous Coal
Corporation
Allegheny River Mining Co.
Washington Coal & Coke Co.
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal
Co
New York & Cleveland Gas
Coal Co
Coyvanshannock Coal & Coke
Co
Northwestern Mining & Ex­
change Co
Ocean Coal Co
United Coal Co
Latrobe Connellsville Coal &
Coke Co
Shawmut Mining Co
National Mining Co
Oliver & Snyder Steel Co...
Jenner-Quemahoning Coal
Co
Ford Collieries Co
1913.
1S.097.03_
13,125,410
3,419,804
2,962,326
2,939,685
2,808,189
2.517,940
2,273,861
2,145,638
2.043,059
1,952,760
1,697,428
1,555,104
1.500,845
1,485,491
1,472,733
1,425.291
1,415,343
1,311.333
1,250,269
1,185.287
1,122,151
1,097.663
1,066,617
1,028,996
980,963
924,129
91S.259
916,157
1912.
14,596,502
12,288,728
3,493,572 3,194.982
3,392,186
2,397,717
2,621.836
2,360,163
2,408,120
i,905,146
2,299.977
1,845,285
1.957,801
1,554.661
1,568.183
1,770,410
1,605.264
1,382,551
1,507.474
1,251,31S
920,516
1.537,703
1,220,822
•Compiled from statistics furnished by the I'ennsyl-
vania State Department of Mines and the var ms state
mine inspectors.
1.20(1,403 Saltsburg Coal Co
Rockhill Iron & Coal Co
952,027
1.368,431
902,481
1.old,230
1,038,958
935,254
929.415
871,691
998,020
652,979
Diamond Coai & Coke Co.. . .
Carnegie Coal Co
Hostetter-Connells ville Coke
Co
Consolidated Connellsville Cok
Co
Republic Iron & Steel Co...
Thompson-Councils ville Coke
Co
Penn Mary Coal Co
Ebensburg Coal Co
Quemahoning Coal Co
Henderson Coal Co
Tower Hill-Connellsville Coke
Co
Bessemer Coke Co
Pittsburgh & Baltimore Coal
Co
Peale, Peacock & Kerr. Inc.
Bessemer Coal & Coke Co...
Corona. Coal & Coke Co. and
H. B. Swope & Co
Connellsville Central Coke
Co
Neyv Alexandria Coke Co...
Pittsburgh & Erie Coal Co..
Meadowlands Coal Co
Cascade Coal & Coke Co
Logan Coal Co
Russell Coal Co. ( Rembrandt
Peale)
Carrolltown Coal Co. (Rem­
brandt Peale)
Blaine Coal Co
Pittsburgh & Eastern Coal
Co
Brothers Valley Coal Co...
Somerset Smokeless Coal Co.
Taylor Coai & Coke Co
Barnes & Tucker
Commercial Coal Mining Co.
Morrisdale Coal Co
Manor Gas Coal Co
Allegheny Coal Co
Vinton Colliery* Co
Valley Camp Coal Co
Loyal Hanna Coal & Coke Co.
Valley Smokeless Coal Co...
Sterling Coal Co
Lincoln Coal & Coke Co
Madeira Hill Coal Mining-
Co
1913.
846,794
825.09 1
757,353
743,336
718,411
694,792
673,51 1
644,441
631.480
627.804
621,278
606,818
606.576
595,797
590,402
573,211
555,644
549,387
542,315
541,744
539,235
522,311
520,421
512.801
506,269
504,240
503,470
497,971
488,083
483,327
479,872
462.3S6
453,552
451,967
449.473
440.514
427,741
425,414
416,971
416,261
407,043
404,500
1912
727,133
782,485
807,967
712,004
S26.326
705,453
323,384
524,966
342,919
751,840
511,323
684,082
575,729
461,569
503,27-
564,306
415,272
469,750
37S.972
522,216
480,196
:,691
473,322
534,840
497,099
415,339
437,862
468,663
467,466
167,302
372,944
317.312
445,737
369,126
531,235
440,106
415.960
353,715
312,807
531,719
404,104 411,894

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Greenwich Coal & Coke Co.
Morris Run Coal Mining Co.
Brier Hill Coke Co
Acme Gas Coal Co
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co...
Portage Coal Mining Co....
Orient Coke Co
Crescent Coal Co
XV. Harry Brown
Naomi Coal Co
Atlantic Crushed Coke Co. .
Cornell Coal Co
Sharon Coal & Limestone Co.
Mt. Pleasant Connellsville
Coke Co
Warner-Yough Coal Co
Argyle Coal Co
Lackawanna Coal & Coke Co*.
Moshannon Coal Mining Co.
Lehigh Valley Coal Co
Sonman Shaft Coal Co
Fayette Coal Co
Stineman Coal & Coke Co...
Nant-y-Glo Coal Mining Co..
Kettle Creek Coal Mining Co.
Anita Coal Mining Co
Blossburg Coal Co
Shenango Furnace Co
Cherry Tree Coal Co. ( Rem­
brandt Peale)
Miller Coal Co
Shoemaker Coal Mining Co..
Verner Coal & Coke Co
W. H. Piper & Co
Latrobe Coal Co
Whyel Coke Co
Donohoe Coke Co
Maryland Coal Co
McFetridge Bros
Joseph E. Thropp
Watkins Coal Co
Superior Fuel Co
Mt. Pleasant Coke Co
Seneca Coal Mining Co....
Mercer Iron & Coal Co
Fairmount Coal Co
Pittsburgh-Plate Glass Co...
Knickerbocker Smokeless Coal
Co
Bulger Block* Coal Co
Clyde Coal Co
Carbon Coal & Coke Co.. . .
Stineman Coal Mining Co...
Rich Hill Coal Co
Graceton Coke Co
Star Coal Co
Altoona Coal & Coke Co....
1913.
403.110
396,9 43
381,990
380,822
380,388
370.32 1
372,79 1
362,331
358,920
354,435
351,561
351.473
350,2X9
350,157
34S.31S
345.652
341,222
335,417
325.959
318,260
317,575
314,411
312,092
304,841
304,405
293,S13
291,808
291,583
290,937
289,005
280,752
277,687
277,074
275,180
271,826
270.939
262,367
261,435
260,517
260,056
259,745
254,256
251,037
250.590
249.604
241,903
241.342
237,099
234,033
232.552
232.434
222,407
221,863
212,153
1912.
354,535
437,392
411,655
288,269
526.2S9
379,399
374,772
317,401
189,676
304.241
34S.473
341,600
322,565
313,621
94,328
308,550
294,573
224,829
329,S7S
264,536
289,367
507,270
520,018
307,310
384.633
323,321
248,629
248,480
273.313
231,505
287.573
213,656
298,241
240,916
274.278
179,365
145,509
199,054
230,040
215,185
306,009
220,945
216,S57
286,738
207,763
270,540
227,419
166,280
236,600
197,768
130,392
170,372
222,668
231,109
Taylor & McCoy Coal & Coke
Co
Westmoreland - Connellsville
Coal & Coke Co
hvona Coal & Coke Co
Keystone Coal Co
Greensburg-Connel Is ville Coal
& Coke Co
J. H. Sanford Coal Co
Kelley Bros. Coal Co
Cochran Coal Co
Tunnel Coaling Co
Atlas Coke Co
Henrietta Coal Mining Co..
Fall Brook Coal Co
Baker-Whitely Coal Co
Pioneer Coal Co
Avonmore Coal & Coke Co..
Pennsylvania Salt Manufac­
turing Co
Forge Coal Mining Co
Pine Run Co
S. J. Mountz & Co
George Pearce & Sons
F. P. McFarland
Keystone Mining Co
LaBelle Coke Co
Ellsworth-Dunham Coil Co..
Somerset Mining Co
Roaring Run Mining Co....
Cardiff Coal Co
Stauffer-Quemahoning Coal
Co
Punxsutawney Ccal Mining
Co
Bulah Shaft Coal Co
John McLeavy & Co
Beaver Run Coal Co
Puritan Coke Co
Duncan-Spangler Coal Co...
Stiufhers Coal & Coke Co.
Empire Coal Mining Co....
Panther Run Coal Co
Jefferson Coal Co
Pennsy Coal Co
Fayette Coke Co
James M. Mclntyre &Co....
McLane Mining Co
Big Bend Coal Mining Co.
Waltersburg Coke Co
Ligonier Coal Co
Mountain (!oal Co
Kiskiminetas Coal Co
Krie Coal & Coke Co
Warner-Leonard Coal Co.. . .
Lincoln Coal Co
(CONTINUED ON
1913.
'16,174
214,444
211,819
209,543
209,248
208,807
206,895
206,454
205,868
204,434
204,400
204.254
201,027
199,432
198,573
196,940
195,257
193,073
190,109
189,620
189,4 37
188,188
187.639
186,823
186,700
183,284
183,004
182,038
1*0,174
177,029
170,857
174,084
171,676
167,593
167,364
165.229
163,523
163,450
162,24S
161,660
161,163
160,000
159,081
157,290
150,884
156,138
155,904
153,275
152,773
152,601
PAGE 58)
1912.
205,479
142,287
161,147
84.611
197,067
199,980
166,035
154,479
201,681
209,307
223,985
218,468
142,224
174,715
194,554
206,421
168,354
172,999
148,838
84,062
135,713
165,674
149,703
193,769
154,924
185,512
158.872
94,019
181,201
138,924
182,263
155,900
147,967
2S7.4S7
90,969
155,200
174,121
68,692
164.31S
171,5 78
148,571
112,876
139,046
104,613
157,227
117,659

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
WESTERN FUEL COMPANY WAGE AND INSURANCE AGREEMENT
The text of the wage agreement and the insurance
agreement signed March 6, by the Western
Fuel Co., Nanaimo, British Columbia, Can., and
its employes, is:
Memorandum of agreement entered into this
6th clay of March, 1914, betyveen the Western
Fuel Co., hereinafter called "The Company,"
party of the first part and the employes of the
Western Fuel Co., represented by an agreement
committee, elected at a duly called mass meeting,
held Feb. IS, 1914, party of the second part:
Witnesseth—That, for and in consideration of
the several conditions hereinafter mentioned and
the mutual advantages of both parties, it is
agreed by and betyveen the parties hereto, as follows:
1. The rates, terms and conditions in effect at
both No. 1 and Northfield mines, during the month
of April, 1913, shall continue in effect during the
term of this agreement, except as hereinafter piovided.
2. The company agrees to pay all employes
covered by this agreement a bonus of 10 per cent.
during the term of this agreement; being an
addition of ten (10) per cent, to all rates and
wages herein specified.
3. The company shall absorb tbe expense of
operating the Protection ferry.
4. The system of dockage inspection, as practiced
at both No. 1 and Northfield mines shall be
continued, yvith penalties for refuse matter as
follows:
No. 1 Mine—Up to and including 50 pounds of
refuse per car, double dockage. Over 50 pounds
and including 100 pounds of refuse per car, confiscation
of ear. Over 100 pounds of refuse per
car, dismissal after investigation.
Northfield Mine—Fp to and including 70 pounds
of refuse per car, double dockage. Over 70
pounds and including 140 pounds of refuse per
car, confiscation of car. Over 140 pounds of refuse
per car. dismissal after investigation.
Provided that any party dismissed may have
the right of appeal to the superintendent of mines.
yvhose decision shall be final.
5. The company agrees to a minimum rate of
three dollars and fifteen cents ($3.15) per shift.
for miners in tbe lower seam yvoikings of No. I
and Northfield mines. II is understood thai the
SUPERINTENDENT OF MINES
shall be tbe judge as to the ability of the party to
earn such minimum rate.
6. The company agrees that when a miner is
taken from the face to perforin day work be shall
receive the miner's day rate.
7. The schedule for loading coal shall be as
follows: Upper seam. 30c per ton; lower seam, 35c
per ton; and for using buggies and laying roads
at:
No 1 Mine—First 75 feet from dump to face
line, five (5) cents tier ton additional.
Second 75 feet from dump to face line, ten (lo (
cents per ton additional.
Northfield Mine—First 50 feet from dump to
face line, five (5) cents per ton additional.
Second 50 feet from dump to face line, ten (10)
cents per ton additional.
Third 50 feet from dump to face line, fifteen
(15) cents per ton additional.
8. The schedule for rock in coal of upper seam
shall lie as follows: When rock is 1 foot thick,
$1 per yard. When rock is 2 feet thick, $2.4 0
per yard. When rock is 3 feet thick, $4 per yard.
Above schedule applies only to solid work in
stalls. Skipping pillars take one-half of these
rates.
9. The schedule for timbeis to be as follows:
Stringers, 50c each when 8 feet long and under;
$1 each when over 8 feet long. Sets, $1.50 each
for 9-foot collars; $2 each for 11-foot 4-incb collars.
10. The mining yardage and day rates for No.
1 mine shall be as shown on Schedule "A," hereto
attached and which schedule is made part of this
agreement.
11. The mining, yardage and day rates for
Northfield mine shall be as shown on Schedule
"B," hereto attached, ancl which schedule is made
part of this agreement.
12. The agreement committee shall consist of
three members representing No. 1 mine, two members
representing Northfield mine and two mem-
&bers representing any new mine
OPERATED BY Till: COMPANY,
after the new mine has been placed on an operating
basis.
The company agrees to meet the agreement
committee, or a sub-committee thereof, on matters
relating to this agreement or any new matters
changing the status thereof, or to adjust any
matters in dispute betyveen the employes ancl
mine officials; it being distinctly understood that
there shall not be any stoppage of work by employes,
individually or collectively, pending the
hearing of and adjustment of any dispute or
grievance during the term of this agreement.
Any vacancy on the agreement committee is to
be filled at a duly called mass meeting of the
underground employes of the company, or by a
pit-head ball.t at the mine from yvhich the vacancy
exists.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The agreement committee to have the handling
of tbe checkweighmen and gas committee funds.
13. The term and duration of this agreement
shall be for a period of two years and seven
months, beginning March 1, 1914, and terminating
Sept. 30, 1910; and during the month of
August, 1916, a mass meeting of tbe underground
employes shall be held to elect a neyv agreement
committee to negotiate a new working agreement,
14. This agreement shall be binding upon and
respected by the company ancl its successors, and
also shall be binding upon and respected by all
employes, yvho before accepting employment shall
endorse this agreement, by their signature in a
book containing a copy of this agreement and
kept in the company's office: Provided that all
employes working for the company at the time
of the execution of this agreement and who continue
to work for the company shall, by such
action, be understood as agreeing to and endorsing
all the terms and conditions of this agreement.
15. The day rates applying to No. 1 mine,
and ths contract i ates applying to the south side
of No. 1 mine, shall apply to and govern all
classes of underground work at the new Reserve
mine, when that mine is placed upon an operating
basis, and shall continue as the rates for that
mine during the term of this agreement unless
changed by mutual agreement.
The Reserve mine when placed upon an operating
basis shall have a representation of two members
upon the agreement committee, who shall be
elected by a pit-head ballot at tbe mine.
16. This agreement to be effective shall bear
tbe signature of the manager and superintenuent
of mines for the company, and the agreement committee
for the employes, and the approval signature
of the president of the company.
Signed, sealed ancl delivered, the day and year
first above mentioned.
For the company:
For the employes;
On behalf of the men:
THOS. R. STOCKETT, Manager.
JOHN HUNT, Superintendent.
JOSHUA NORRIS,
JAMES H. ROBERTSON,
ANDREW THOMSON,
JOSEPH BEAN.
JAMES MILLER, Chairman.
SCHEDULE "A."
Mining, Yardage and Day Kates—No. 1 Mine.
Mining—Upper seam, tier ton, 6Sc; lower seam,
per ton, 80c.
Yardage, Upper Seam—Levels, $,=.50 per yard
and coal. Crosscuts, $2 per yard and coal. Levels,
when less than one-half of height, is in white
rock, $7.50 per yard, coal to company. Levels yvhen
more than one-half of height is in white rock
$8 per yard, coal to company. Turning stalls, 5
yards long by 12 feet yvide, $10 and coal.
Day Rates—Fireboss, $3.65; shotlighter, $3.43;
face men, $3.20; bratticemen, $2.85 to $3.15; timbermen,
$3.15; timbermen helpers, $2 75; tracklayers,
$2.85 to $3.15; tracklayers' helpeis, $2.75;
roadmen, $2.75; drivers, boss, $3.25; drivers,
double, $3; drivers, single, $2.87!_ ; drivers, boys.
$1.00 to $2.40; pushers, $2.75; linemen, $3.10;
motormen, $2.S7 1 _; motormen assistants, $1.60 to
$2.40; engineers, diagonal slope, $2.85 to $3.15;
engineers, endless rope. $2.75; winch drivers,
$1.10 to $2.75; rope inspector, $3.15; endless ropes,
men, $2.75 to $2.90; endless ropes, boys, $1.35 to
$1.90: rope riders, $1.60 to $2.75; doorboys, $1.10;
eager, head, $3.15; eager, assistants, $2.75; miners,
$3.15: loaders, $2.75; machine foremen, $3.70:
machine runners, 1st class, $3.65; machine runners,
2d class, $3.25; machine runners, 3d class,
S3; machine runners' helpers, $2.75; drillers, 1st
class, $3.65; drillers, 2d class, $3.25; drillers, 3rd
class, $3; muckers, $2.75; brushers, $2.80; cogmen,
$2.75; laborers, $2.75; pipemen, $2.75 to $3.10;
pumpmen, $2.75 to $2.85; stablemen. $2.85.
SCHEDULE "11."
Mining, Yardage and Day Rates—Northfield Mine.
Mining—Upper seam, per ton, 6Sc; lower seam,
per ton, 80c.
Yardage, Upper Seam—Levels, $2.50 per yard
and coal. Crosscuts. $2 per yard and coal. Levels,
yvhen less than one-half of height is in white
rock, $7.50 per yard, coal to company. Devels,
when more than one-half of height is in white
rock-, $8 per yard, coal to company. Turning
stalls, 5 yards long by 12 feet wide, $10 and coal.
Day Rates—Fireboss, $3.65; shotlighter. $3.40;
facemen, $3.2o: bratticemen, $2.85; timbermen,
$3.15; timbermen helpers, $2.75; tracklayers,
$2.S5 to $3.15: tracklayers' helpers, $2.75; drivers,
boss, $3.25: drivers, double, $3; drivers, single,
$2.87 Y-2; drivers, boys, $1.60 to $2.40; pushers,
$2.75: rope inspector, $3.15; endless ropes, $2.40
to $2.90; rope riders, $1.60 to $2.75; winch drivers,
$1.10 to $1.60; doorbooys. $1.10; eager, $2.90;
miners, $3.15; loaders, $2.75: machine foremen,
$3.65; machine runners, 1st class, $3.65; machine
runners, 2d class, $3.25; machine runners, 3d
class, $3; mat bine runners, helpers, $2.75; drillers,
1st class, $3.65; drillers, 2d class, $3.25; drillers,
3d class, $3; muckers, $2.75; brushers, $2.80;
cogmen, $2.75; laborers, $2.75; pipemen, $2.75
to $3.15; pumpmen, $2.75; roadmen, $2.75.
Supplement to agreement dated the 6th day of
March, 1914, between the Western Fuel Co. and

its employes represented by the agreement committee:
A. It is agreed that in the event of a fatal
accident occui ring in the mines, or in event of
a death resulting from injuries received in the
mines, that the operation of the mine in yvhich
the accident occurred shall not be suspended on
the day of the funeral of the deceased party, but
that any employe yvishing to
ABSENT HIMSELF
from work for the purpose of attending the funeral
shall have the privilege of doing so.
All employes working on the morning, afternoon
ancl night shifts of the day of the funeral agree
to contribute the sum of one dollar ($1) per man
and fifty cents (50c) per boy, to a fund to be
given to the nearest relative of the deceased party.
The company agrees to duplicate the sum contributed
by the employes.
For the purposes of this section all employes
yy-nose daily wage is less than three dollars ($3)
per shift shall be considered as boys.
The company is authorized to make collections
for this fund from the payroll of its employes in
manner similar to other collections.
Nothing in this section shall relieve the company
of any obligation under the Workmen's
Compensation Act, nor shall it relieve the employes
of their obligation to the Medical Relief
and Accident Fund.
B. It is agreed that monthly meetings of the
management of the company and the agreement
committee shall be held on the first Wednesday of
each month at 2 o'clock in the afternoon at the
company's general office.
Special meetings may be called at any time by
the management of the company or the chairman
of the committee, due notice of such meeting to
be given to all parties.
Signed, saled and delivered, the 6th day of
March, 1914.
For the company:
For the employes—
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
THOS. R. STOCKETT, Manager
JOHN HUNT, Superintendent.
JOSHUA NORRIS,
JAMES H. ROBEKTSON,
ANDREW THOMSON,
JOSEPH DEAN, Secretary.
JAMES MILLER, Chairman.
The directors of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. have
declared the regular quarterly dividend of 1%
per cent, on the preferred stock of the company,
payable April 25 to stockholders of record April
15.
WASHINGTON PRODUCTION FOR
1913.
Northwestern Improvement Co. 1,096,3S3
Pacific- Coast Coal Co 910,914
Roslyn Fuel Co 344,651
Carbon Hill Coal Co 293,542
Washington Union Coal Co.... 153,588
Puget Sound Traction, Light
& Poyver Co 139,562
Wilkeson Coal & Coke Co 127,843
Roslyn Cascade Fuel Co 107,719
American Coal Co 100,051
Issaquah & Superior Coal Mining
Co 90.487
Carbon Coal & Clay Co 68,758
Mendota Coal & Coke Co 65,069
Central Coal Co 63,685
Gale Creek Coal Mines Co.... 49,245
Occidental Coking & Coal Co.. 32,745
East Creek Coal Co 32,525
Fairfax Mines, Inc 30,972
South Willis Coal Co 21,709
Hyde Coal Co 19,710
Superior Coal Co 16,335
Denny-Renton Clay & Coal Co. 13,937
Sheldon Coal Co 10,357
Sunset Coal Mining Co 9,924
Pennsylvania Coal Co 8,8S7
Ford's Prairie Coal Co S,l 16
Whatcom County Coal Co.... 7,325
5 companies producing less
than 5,000 tons 7,588
4 companies not appearing in
1913 report
Total 3,831,647
1913.
1912.
1,126,780
814,387
179,999
283,422
136,478
103,963
132,960
97,001
89,316
4,780
43,610
70,927
53,709
37,829
25,984
24,933
25,096
4,996
7.605
40.53S
2.100
6,593
5,803
6,523
21,504
3,346,943
•Compiled from statistics furnished hy Stab
Inspector .Tnmes Bagley.
PENNSYLVANIA COAL PRODUCTION
IN 1913 BY DISTRICTS.
FIFTH ANTHRACITE DISTRICT.
Pennsylvania Coal Co 1,218,695
Delaware, Lack. & Western R. R. Co.. 1,011,270
Jermyn & Co 507,620
Elliott, McClure & Co 212,887
Hillside Coal & Iron Co 165,193
Hudson Coal Co 127,252
Lehigh Valley Coal Co 13,347
Moosic Coal Co 745
3,257,009
Inspector.
The production of coal in Sumatra in 1913 yvas
411,083 tons as compared with 408,204 tons in 1912.

_u
SAFETY INSPECTORS URGED FOR WEST
VIRGINIA MINES BY CHIEF HENRY FOL­
LOWING LINES OF THOSE ALREADY
NAMED.
Chief of the West Virginia Department of Mines
Earl A. Henry is urging the appointment of safety
inspectors in the mines of the state, and has sent
copies of ihe i'olloyving letter to operators who
have not named such officials for their properties,
the letter being one originally written by operators
who had appointed the inspectors and out­
lined their duties:
Dear Sir—This is to notify you that, we have
this day appointed a man to fill the position of
safety inspector for our mines.
The object of this office is to add to fhe safety
of our employes and the sole duties are to assist
the mine foreman in regard to safety to employes.
The entire time must be spent in making in­
spections of the working places, haulways and
traveling ways; he must see that the law is com­
plied yvith in every respect and that the rules and
regulations governing the operation of these mines
are closely observed and adhered to, and be shall
give all workmen instructions as .to safety and
safety-methods that are established and may be
established in the future.
The following is a list of his duties in detail:
First: He must see that all persons going to
and from work enter cars while stopped, that
they sit down inside of cars and not up on the
side, or on tbe bumpers, and that all persons remain
inside of cars until they come to a dead stop.
In no case must he allow persons to get on and
off cars yvhile in motion. See that the motormen
engaged in hauling men trips use the proper care
both as to speed and rough handling.
Second: See that no person carries any larger
amount of powder or other explosives into the
mine than the law permits.
Third: He shall visit all working places, at
least every alternate day, and as much oftener
as possible, see that, they are in a safe working
condition, that all loose coal, slate and rock is
taken down, er securely propped, and that the
coal is being blasted in accordance with law and
rules governing the mine, and that a sufficient
amount of air is in circulation, that break-throughs
are properly driven, that the oil regulation is not
violated, and that men do not carelessly handle
powder or other explosives, and that props and
raps and all necessary timber be kept up by the
workmen and in no case allow them to take any
risk for the want of timber; if the timber cannot
be had, they must suspend work until' same can
be furnished. In the event he finds a person
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
working under loose coal, slate or rock, he shall
stay witli him until same is made safe. Start a
system of setting timbers in rooms, the maximum
distance apart shall be 'i\2 feet and as much
closer as the nature of the roof may require: a
standard distance of 12 inches from the rail is re­
quired, and all posts must be set in the best posi­
tion to suppoit the roof, which position is most
generally at right angles to the weight of roof.
Fourth: He shall examine the roof along the
haulways and traveling yvays and mark all loose
slate to be taken down, and when, in his judg­
ment, he deems it unsafe to yvait until after work­
ing bonis to have it removed, he must have it
removed at once, regardless of cost. In no case
must he permit any person to work in an unsafe
place, except for the purpose of making it safe,
ancl in case it is extra hazardous he shall remain
with the workmen until same is made safe.
Fifth: He shall make a daily report of his inspections
in a book which is to be kept in the
office of the mine superintendent for his exam­
ination. He shall be subordinate to the superin­
tendent and keep him informed of any violations
of the rules and of his inability to comply with
Ihe law or rules, by lack of material of any kind.
His daily reports shall consist of the condition of
the various working places he visits, violation of
the rules and law, by whom, when, where and
how, steps taken to remedy same. If any person
or persons shall try- to intimidate him in the dis­
charge of his duties, state same in his daily re­
port, give name and nature of the offense, and
said pei son shall be dealt with severely.
Sixth: It shall be his duty to see that all
stretchers, blankets, etc., are kept in readiness,
and that same are returned to their places after
being used. He shall include this in his report.
A medicine (best with bandages, plasters, cotton,
tourniquet, splints and other appliance*; to render
first aid will be in the mine superintendent's
office for use in case of emergency. He will be
given a key to said office.
At the annual meeting of the International Coal
& Coke Co., held in Spokane, Wash., recently, the
following officers were re-elected: William Far-
well, Sherbrooke, Quebec, president: Hugh David­
son. Vancouver, B. C, vice president; Will G.
Graves, Spokane, secretary; John McKegan. Cole-
ment, Alta., treasurer, and R. XV. Riddell, Cole-
mont, general manager. The directorate, in addi­
tion to the officers, consists of B. H. Kizer, Spo­
kane, and Clement. S. Houghton, Boston, Mass.
The annual report showed that the net profits
for the year 1913 yvere $146,S29, of which $120,000
was dispensed in dividends. The company's
mines are near Colemont, Alberta, Can.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
PERMISSIBLE EXPLOSIVES TESTED PRIOR TO JANUARY 1, 1914*
By Clarence Hall
The tollowing list contains the names of all
explosives now considered to be permissible explo­
sives that yvere tested by the Bureau of Mines
prior to Jan. 1, 1914.
The reader is referred to Miners' Circular 6 for
information regarding the conditions under which
permissible explosives are tested, the tests used
by the Bureau of Mines for determining what ex­
plosives are to be included in the list, and the
precautions to be observed in the handling, stor­
age and use of permissible explosives. Detailed
descriptions of some of the tests and the appara­
tus used are given in Bulletin 15, "Investigations
of Explosives L : sed in Coal Mines," and Bulletin
66. "Tests of Permissible Explosives," and the
proper methods of storing, handling and using per­
missible explosives are discussed in Bulletin 17,
"A Primer on Explosives for Coal Miners." Bulle­
tin 10, "The Use of Permissible Explosives," and
Miners' Circular 7, "The Use ancl Misuse of Explo­
sives in Coal Mining."
Persons who have received previous lists of per­
missible explosives will notice that certain explo­
sives that yvere named in those lists are not in­
cluded in the present list. Those explosives are
omitted for the reason that they arc no longer
denominated permissible explosives. The present
list takes the place of all preceding lists.
An explosive is called a permissible explosive
when it is similar in all respects to the sample
that passed certain tests by the United States
Bureau of Mines, and yvhen it is used in accord­
ance with the conditions prescribed by this bureau.
But even the explosives that have passed those
tests ancl are named in this list as permissible
explosives are to be considered as permissible ex­
plosives only yvhen used under the folloyving con­
ditions:
1. That the explosive is in all respects similar
to the sample submitted by the manufacturer for
test.
2. That detonators—preferably electric tletoA
nators—are used of not less efficiency than those
prescribed, namely, those consisting by weight of
"Techuical Paper Xo. 71, U. S, Bureau of Mines.
90 PARTS ol MERCURY
fulminate and 10 parts of potassium chlorate (or
their equivalents).
3. That the explosive, if frozen, shall be thor­
oughly thawed in a safe and suitable manner be­
fore use.
4. That the quantity used for a shot does not
exceed 1V_ pounds (680 grams i, and that it is
Iiroperly tamped with clay oi other non-combust­
ible stemming.
It must not be supposed that an explosive that
has once passed the required tests and has been
published in lists of permissible explosives is
always thereafter to hi considered a permissible
explosive, regardless of its condition or tlie way
in which it is used. Thus, for example, an ex­
plosive named in the permissible list, if kept in a
moist place until it undergoes a change in char­
acter, is no longer to be considered a permissible
explosive. If used in a frozen or partly frozen
condition, it is not when so used a permissible
explosive. If used in excess of the quantity specified
(l 1 - pounds), it is not, when so used, a permissible
explosive. And when the other conditions
have been met, it is not a permissible explosive
if tired yvith a detonator of less efficiency
than that prescribed.
Moreover, even when all the prescribed conditions
have been met. no permissible explosive
should necessarily be considered as permanently
being a permissible explosive, but any permissible
explosive when used under the prescribed conditione
may properly continue to be considered a
permissible explosive until notice of its withdrawal
or removal from the list has been officially
published, or until its name is omitted from a
later list published by the Bureau of Mines.
Furthermore, the manufacturers of a permissible
explosive may withdraw it at any time when
introducing a neyv explosive of superior qualities.
And after further experiments and conferences the
Bureau of Mines may find it advisable to adopt
additional and more severe tests to yvhich all permissible
explosives may be subjected, in the hope
that through the use of such explosives only as
may pass the more severe tests, the lives of miners
may be better safeguarded.
Subject to the conditions and provisions stated
above, the foiloyving explosives are classed as permissible
explosives:

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Table I.—Permissible explosives tested prior to January 1, 1914.
When used
Class
with detonators,preferably
elec-
Brand. desig- trie detona- Manufacturer.
nation. tors of not
less efficiency
than—
Aetna coal powder A Class 4 No. 6 Aetna Powder Co., Chicago, 111.
Aetna coal powder A A Class la do Do.
Aetna coal poyvder B Class 4 do Do.
Aetna coal powder C do do Do.
Bental coal powder No. 1-A Class la do Independent Powder Co., Joplin. Mo.
Bental coal poyvder No. 2 do No. 7 Do.
Bental c-oal powder No. 2-X do No. 6 Do.
Bituminite No. 1 Class 4 do lefferson Powder Co., Birmingham, Ala.
Bituminite No. 3 do do Do.
Bituminite No. 4 do do Do.
Bituminite No. 5 Class la do Do.
Black Diamond No. 2-A Class 4 do Illinois Powder Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo.
Black Diamond No. 3-A do do Do.
Black Diamond No. 5 Class la do Do.
Black Diamond No. 6-L.F Class 4 do Do.
Cameron mine powder No. 1-A. .Class la do Cameron Powder Mfg. Co., Emporium, Pa.
Cameron mine powder No. 2-A do do Do.
Cameron mine powder No.2-A.L.F.. .. do do Do.
Cameron mine powder No. 3-A. .Class 4 do Do.
Carbonite No. 1 do do E. I. du Pont de Nemours Poyvder Co.. Wilmington,
Del.
Carbonite No. 2 do do Do.
Carbonite No. 3 do do Do.
Carbonite No. 4 do do Do.
Carbonite No. 5 do do Do.
Carbonite No. 6 do do Jo.
Coalite A© Class la do Atlas Powder Co.. Wilmington. Del.
Coalite X® do do Do.
Coalite No. 1® Class 4 do Do.
Coalite No. 2-DCD do do Do.
Coalite No. 2-D.L.© do do Do.
Coalite No. 2-M, L.F.O do do Do.
Coalite No. 3-X® Class In do Do.
Coalite No. 3XA® do do Do.
Coalite No. 3-XB r e do do Do.
Coalite No. 3-XCffl do do Do.
Coal special No. 1 Class 4 do Keystone National Powder Co..Emporium,Pa.
Coal special No. 2 do do Do.
Coal special No. 2-W do do Do.
('oal special No. 3-C do do Do.
Collier powder B, N.F Class la do Do.
Collier powder KN do do Do.
Collier powder No. X do do Do.
Collier powder X, L.F do do Do.
Collier powder No. 2 Class 4 do Do.
Collier powder No. 5 Class la do Do.
Collier powder No. 5-L.F do do Do.
Collier powder No. 5 special do do Do.
Collier powder No. 6-L.F Class 4 do Do.
Collier No. 9 Class lo do Do.
Collier powder No. 11 do do Do.
Cronite No. 1 do do G. R. McAbee Powder& Oil Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Cronite No. 5 do No. 7 Do.
Detonite special do do The King Poyvder Co.. Cincinnati, Ohio
Fuel-ite No. 1 do do Burton Poyvder Co., Pittsburgh, Pa'.
Fuel-ite No. 2 do do Do.
Fuel-ite No. 3 Class lo do Do.
Giant A low-flame dynamite. . . Class 2 do Giant Poyvder Co. (Consolidated), Giant, Cal.
Giant B low-flame dynamite do do Do.
Giant C low-flame dynamite do do Do.
Giant Giant coal coal mine mine powder poyvder powder No. No. 7 5.. 6..Class 8 Class fib do 2 la do do Do.
Do.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
Eureka No. 2 Class 2 No. 6 G. R. McAbee Powder & Oil Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Fort Pitt mine powder No. 1...Class 4 do Fort Pitt Poyvder Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Guardian A Class 4 No. 7 Independent Poyvder Co.. Joplin, Mo.
Guardian No. 2 Class la No. 6 Do.
Guardian No. 2-X do do Do.
Guardian No. 3 do do Do.
Guardian No. 3-X do do Do.
Guardian coal powder B Class 4 No. 7 Do.
Hecla No. 2 Class la do E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co., Wilmington,
Del.
Kanite A Class 1/) No. 8 \V. H. Blumenstein Chemical Works, Pottsville,
Pa.
Lomite No. 1 Class 2 No. 6 G. R. McAbee Poyy der & Oil Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Lowinite No. 2-B Class la do Lowite Explosives .Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh. Pn.
Meteor AXXO Class 2 do E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co., Wilmington,
Del.
Mine-ite A Class 4 do Burton Poyvder Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Mine-ite A-2 do do Do.
Mine-ite B do do Do.
Mine-ite B-2 do do Do.
Mine-ite No. 5-D Class la do Do.
Monobel No. 1 do do E. I. du Ponf de Nemours Poyvder Co., Wilmington,
Del.
Monobel No. 2 do do Do.
Monobel No. 3 do do Do.
Monobel No. 4 do do Do.
Monobel No. 5 do do Do.
Monobel No. 6 do do Do.
Monobel No. 7 do do Do.
Nitro low-flame No. 1 Class 4 do Nitro Powder Co., Kingston, N. Y.
Nitro low-flame No. 2 do do Do.
Red H No. 1© Class In do Hercules Powder Co.. Wilmington, Del.
Red H No. 2© do do Do.
Red H No. 3© do do Do.
Red H No. 4® do do Do.
Red H No. 5© do do Do.
Red H No. 6© do do Do.
Red H No. 7© do do Do.
Trojan coal poyvder H Class 3 do Pennsylvania Trojan Powder Co., Allentown,
Pa.
Trojan coal powder I do do Do.
Trojan coal powder J do do Do.
Tunnelite B Class In do G. R. McAbee Powder & Oil Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Tunnelite C do do Do.
Tunnelite No. 5 Class 4 do Do.
Tunnelite No. 6 do do Do.
Tunnelite No. 6-L.F do do Do.
Tunnelite No. 7 do do Do.
Tunnelite No. 8 do do Do.
Tunnelite No. S-L.F do do Do.
Vigorite No. 1® do do Atlas Powder Co., Wilmington, Del.
Vigorite No. 6© do do Do.
Xpdite No. 1© do do Hercules Poyvder Co., Wilmington, Del.
Xpdite No. 2® do do Do.
Xpdite ©Manufactured No. 3© by Atlas Powder Co.. do Authorized do under date of Oct. Do. 16, 191::.
Xpdite ©Correspond No. 4® to tlie respective grades do of Monobel as do manufactured Do. hy the I-;. I, On l'onl de Xemours Powder
Xpdite No. Co. 5® Authorized under date of do Oct. 10. 101.-;. do Do.
Xpdite ©Correspond No. 6® lo the respective grades do of Carbonite do as manufactured Do. by lie E. I, do Pont de Xemours Powder
Co. Authorized under date of (let. 16. 1913.
©Correspond to the respective grades of Carbonite as manufactured hy the K. I. du Pont de Xemours Powder
Co. Authorized under date of July 18. 1913.
©Corresponds to the respective grade of Carbonite as manufactured hy tlie V.. I. do Pont de Xemours Powder
Co. Authorized under date of August CI, 191:',.
CLASSES OF PERMISSIBLE EXPLOSIVES. quirement, Table 2 has been prepared. In this
In order that a user of explosives may knoyv the table the explosives are arranged in four classes.
nature and the characteristic component of each based on the properties of the characteristic inof
the permissible explosives, and that he may be gredient, and the rate of detonation of each exploable
to select an explosive to meet a specific re- sive is given.

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Table 2.—Classes ancl rate of detonation of per­
missible explosives.
Rate of detonation
in 11 by 8-inch
cartridge.
Class and brand of explosive.
Feet Meters
per per
second, second.
Class 1. Ammonum Nitrate.
Sub-Class n.
Aetna coal powder AA 7.880 2,403
Bental coal poyvder No. 1-A 7,690 2.343
Bental coal powder No 2 4,750 1.447
Bental coal powder No. 2-X 7,980 2,432
Bituminite No. 5 9,120 2,782
Black Diamond No. 5 6,020 1,835
Black Diamond No. 6-L.F 9,630 2,935
Cameron mine poyvder No. 1-A.... 10,950 3,339
Cameron mine powder No. 2-A.... 10,520 «3,206
Caremon mine powder No. 2-A, L.F. 10,950 3,338
Coalite A 8,870 2,705
Coalite X 9,000 2,745
Coalite No. 3-X 7,290 2,223
Coalite No. 3-XA 10,420 3,176
Coalite No. 3-XB 11,290 3,441
Coalite No. 3-XC 8,320 2,536
Collier powder B, N.F 10,950 3,338
Collier poyvder KN 11,610 3,539
Collier poyvder No. X 7,820 2,384
Collier powder X, L.F 9,990 3,047
Collier powder No. 5 8.2S0 2,524
Collier powder No. 5-L..F 9.370 2,858
Collier poyvder No. 5, special 8,330 2,541
Collier No. 9 6,690 2,040
Collier powder No. 11 11.680 3,561
Cronite No. 1 10.490 3,198
Cronite No. 5 8,090 2,466
Detonite special 10,S40 w3,305
Fuel-ite No. 3 8,590 2,620
Giant coal mine powder No. 5.... 10,230 3,118
Guardian No. 2 8,980 2,738
Guardian No. 2-X 7,990 2,437
Guardian No. 3 7,660 2,336
Guardian No. 3-X 8,470 2,582
Hecla No. 2 13,990 4,264
Lowinite No. 2-B 9,740 2,971
Mine-ite No. 5-D 8,720 2,658
Monobel No. 1 11,700 3,568
Monobel No. 2 9,870 3,009
Monobel No. 3 7,260 2.212
Monobel No. 4 S,9S0 2,738
Monobel No. 5 0,760 2,061
Monobel No. 6 10,380 3.165
Monobel No. 7 10,050 3,065
Red H No. 1 11,700 3,568
Red H No. 2 9.870 3,009
Red H No. 3 7,260 2,212
Reel H No. 4 8,980 2,738
Red H No. 5 6,760 2.061
Red H No. 6 10,380 3,165
Red H No. 7 10.050 3.065
Tunnelite P. 9,990 3.047
Tunnelite C 10,060 3,068
Sub-Class 0.
Kanite A 10.730 63,270
Class 2. Hydrated.
Eureka No. 2 10,720 3,269
Giant A low-flame dynamite 8 140 2,481
Giant B low-flame dynamite...:... tJ'100 2,773
Giant C loyv-flame dynamite 8,860 2,702
Giant coal mine powder No. 6 11,540 3,519
Giant coal mine powder No. 7 10,830 3,301
Giant eoal mine powder No. 8 10,830 3,301
Lomite No. 1 13,940 4,250
Meteor AXXO 8,410 2,563
Class 3. Organic Nitrate (Other
than Nitroglycerin).
Trojan coal powder H 9,420 2,872
Trojan coal powder 1 9,620 2,934
Trojan coal powder J 10,590 3,230
Class 4. Nitroglycerin.
Aetna coal powder A 12,620 3.848
Aetna coal powder B 9,870 3,008
Aetna coal powder C 7,010 2,138
Bituminite No. 1 12,800 3,901
Bituminite No. 3 9,330 2,843
Bituminite No. 4 7,540 2,298
Black Diamond No. 2-A 12,600 3,842
Black Diamond No. 3-A 11,160 3,402
Cameron mine powder No. 3-A.... 10,930 3,333
Carbonite No. 1 10,950 3,338
Carbonite No. 2 11,380 3,470
Carbonite No. 3 8,710 2,656
Carbonite No. 4 7,670 2,339
Carbonite No. 5 10,140 3,092
Carbonite No. 6 7,490 2,285
Coalite No. 1 7,930 2,418
Coalite No. 2-D S.430 2,571
Coalite No. 2-D.L 7,340 2,237
Coalite No. 2-M, L.F 9,220 2,811
Coal special No. 1 11.800 3,598
Coal special No. 2 10,240 3,123
Coal special No. 2-W 11,590 3,534
Coal special No. 3-C 9.760 2,977
Collier powder No. 2 8,870 2,704
Collier powder No. 6-L.F 9,660 2,944
Fort Pitt mine powder No. 1 11,230 3,424
Fuel-ite No. 1 11,150 3,400
Fuelite No. 2 8,240 2,512
Guardian A 10,130 3,089
Guardian coal poyvder B 8,960 2,733
Mine-ite A 11,290 3,443
Mine-ite A-2 10,670 3,252
Mine-ite B 9,540 2,90S
.Mine-ite B-2 7,410 2,260
Nitro low-flame No. 1 13,380 4,079
Nitro low-flame No. 2 14,560 4,439
Tunnelite No. 5 8,400 2,562
Tunnelite No. 6 9,670 2,947
Tunnelite No. 6-L.F 9,620 2,933
Tunnelite No. 7 8.720 2,659
Tunnelite No. S S.020 2,446
Tunnelite No. 8-L.F 8,720 2,658
Vigorite No. 1 10.950 3,338
Vigorite No. 0 7,490 2,285
Xpdite No. 1 10,950 3,338
Xpdite No. 2 11,380 3,470
Xpdite No. 3 8,710 2,656
Xpdite No. 4 7,670 2,339
Xpdite No. 5 lo'l 40 3*092
Xpdite No. 6 7,490 2,285
Tables 1 and 2 include all the permissible ex­
plosives that have passed the required tests prior
to January 1, 1914. The announcement of tbe
passing of (be required tests by other explosives
will be made public after tlie completion of the
tests.
Approved Jan. 3. 1914.
eiy-inch cartridges used.
'>l:,*-inch cartridges used.
JOSEPH A. HOLMES, Director.

SUNSHINE PLANTS WILL BE
SOLD TO SATISFY BONDMEN.
Efforts to reorganize the Sunshine Coal & Coke
Co. to prevent a sale of the properties has failed
and announcement was made following a meeting
of the bondholders in Uniontown, Pa., April 7,
that the properties of tbe company will be disposed
of at public sale to pay off the outstanding
bonds aggregating $779,000.
Dates have been set for the sale of the tyvo
largest plants. The Cyrilla works will be put on
the block on May 9 ancl the Francis No. 1 plant
on May 16. The Cyrilla plant, at Lynn station,
has 140 ovens and 160 acres of coal yet to be
mined. The Francis No. 1 plant at Martin has
240 ovens and about 120 acres of coal.
Tbe coal has practically all been worked out
at the plants other than the Francis No. 1 plant
ancl the Cyrilla plant. These other plants include
the Chester plant on the Monongahela division
of the Pennsylvania railroad near Vance's
Mills, composed of 54 ovens; the Eleanor plant on
the Monongahela railroad near Low Phos, composed
of 132 ovens; the Francis No. 2 plant on the
Pennsylvania railroad near Newcomer, composed
of 50 ovens; the Hill Top plant on tbe Pennsylvania
railroad near Newcomer, composed of 52
ovens; and the Rose plant on the Baltimore &
Ohio railroad near Bourne of 86 ovens.
The bond issue of the Sunshine Coal & Coke Co.
yvas authorized on July 1, 1912. The issue
amounted to $1,000,000, of which $779,000 was
sold and is now in the hands of individuals or
held by banks as collateral for bans. Of the
issue, $221,000 is being held by the Fayette Title
& Trust Co. of Uniontown for the benefit of the
Sunshine Coal & Coke Co.
Several attempts have been made to reach some
basis whereby the company could be reorganized,
but no plan could be agreed upon. At the bondholders'
meeting Attorney A. P. Austin, president
of the Fayette Title & Trust Co., the trustees of
the company, presided. Among the bondholders
and their representatives present were: Attorney
Paul Gaither of Greensburg, representing the St.
Benedictine Society of Greensburg; Attorney Edward
C. Higbee, representing the Soisson interests
of Connellsville; J. L. Keener, vice president
of the Farmers & Merchants aBnk of Morgantown,
XV. Va.; J. Howard Kelly of Monessen, treasurer
of the Monessen Savings & Trust Co.: Frank Peabody
of Pittsburgh, representing the American
Steel Co.; A. B. Egolf of Bedford, Pa.: E. R.
Floto, treasurer of the Yough Trust Co. of Connellsville;
Harmon M. Kephart of Connellsville;
Isaac Cover and Joseph C. Cover of Masontown;
William Waggle of Smithfield and D. S. Riley of
Broyvnsville.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS HOLD
SESSIONS IN PITTSBURGH.
The American Institute of Electrical Engineers
held its spring meeting in Pittsburgh, April 9 and
lo. The sessions were Held at the Ft. Pitt hotel,
and yvere attended by a large number of delegates
from the bituminous mining section.
The papers and the discussions were all confined
to the uses of electricity in the bituminous
mines of the country.
Mr. Wilfred Sykes, chairman of tlie institute
committee in charge of the program, presided at
the sessions.
The morning session of April 9 was taken up
with tyvo papers—"The Regulation of Electrical
Installations in Mines," by Chairman Sykes, and
"Mine Duty Controllers," by H. P. Reed, of the
Cutler-Hammer Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee.
An interesting discussion followed both papeis.
Tbe afternoon session included a discussion of
l egulations for electrical installations in mines,
with a special view to safety—the institute having
secured and presented, as part of the Proceedings,
the full text of the German and English
laws relating to electricity in mines, together
yvith the United States Bureau of Mines' proposed
rules; the draft suggested by the American Mining
Congress, and the electrical section of the
Pennsylvania mining law. In addition, H. O.
Swoboda, of Pittsburgh, presented a paper at this
session on "Self-Contained Portable Electric
Lamps." An informal "Dutch dinner" closed
the Thursday sessions.
The morning session, April lo was devoted to
these papers:
"The Development of the Electric Mine Locomotive."
by G. M. Eaton. Westinghouse Electric
& Manufacturing* Co.. East Pittsburgh, Pa.
"Mine Substations."—The Construction and
Operation of Mining Substations, by H. Booker,
Pittsburg-Buffalo Co., Pittsburgh; Motor-Generator
Sets Versus Synchronous Converters as Applied
to Mine Work, by XV. M. Hoen, Westinghouse
Electric & Manufacturing Co.
A further discussion of electrical regulations
in mines occupied the afternoon sessions—t,he
discussion taking something- of the form of a
question box, at which engineers discussed electrical
troubles.
April 11 the delegates to the convention visited
the industrial plants of the Pittsburgh district,
the Arsenal station of the Bureau of Mines and
the experimental mine at Bruceton.
Mary bad a little skirt,
And it was built so tight
About her person that she had
To peel it off at night.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
VIRGINIAN RAILWAY SHIPMENTS.
The coal and coke tonnage of the Virginian
Railway Co., for the month of February, 1914,
yvas: Coal, Net Tons.
Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern R. R 26.125
Loup Creek Colliery Co 21,160
New River Collieries Co 20,221
Slab Fork Coal Co 19,342
F. F. White Coal Co 17,866
Gulf Smokeless Coal Co 15.538
E. E. White Coal Co 14,76!)
Winding Gulf Colliery Co 12.872
MacAlpin Coal Co 12,231
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 9.789
Bailey Wood Coal Co 7,466
The New River Co 5,827
Lynwin Coal Co 5.6S0
The New River Co 5,081
New River Collieries Co 5,605
The New River Co 5,500
Raleigh Coal & Coke Co 5,280
Gulf Coal Co 5,170
Sullivan Coal & Coke Co 4,797
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 4.657
Meade-Pocahontas Coal Co 4,100
The New River Co 3.967
The New River Co 3.S71
The New River Co 3,847
Tbe New River Co 3,127
Long Branch Coal Co 2,996
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co 2,698
The Neyv River Co 2,611
Woodpeck Coal Co 2,280
Pemberton Fuel Co 2,271
The Neyv River Co 1,251
Trace Fork Coal Co 900
City Coal Co 200
Mount Hope Coal & Coke Co 55
259,756
NORFOLK AND WESTERN SHIPMENTS.
The coal and coke tonnage of the Norfolk &
Western railway for March, yvas:
Coal. Coke.
Pocahontas 1,073,893 71.620
Tug River 246,490
Thacker 274,786
Kenova 88,616
Totals 1.683,785 71.620
United States civil service examinations wil! be
held May 11 for the positions of mining engineer.
assistant engineer ol mine tests and mine statis­
tician in the United States Bureau of Mines' service.
PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS :;
Attorney General Bell, of Pennsylvania, has
given an opinion to James E. Roderick, chief of the
state department of mines, in which he says that a
decision of John P. Elkin, yvhen attorney general,
should govern him in disposing of a request from
executive boards of the United Mine Workers oi
America that examinations for mine foremen's and
assistants' certificates be limited to men who have
bad five years' experience in cutting coal. Mr.
Elkin decided that if was not the intention of the
legislature in enacting the anthracite mining law
in 1891 to limit the right of examination to any
particular class of men in the mines.
Announcement has been made at Cleveland that
the demurrage on lake coal will begin a day
earlier than last season. This year five days
will be allowed, whereas last year six days were
allowed. The railroads interested are the Lake
Shore, Big Four, Wheeling & Lake Erie, Penn­
sylvania, Baltimore & Ohio, Hocking Valley, Bes­
semer & Lake Erie, and the Toledo & Ohio Central.
E. E. Kelsey has been appointed receiver for
the J. M. C. Coal Co.. operating coal mines near
Oakland City, lnd.. under a lease from the Peacock
Coal Co.
Tiie hearing in the suits against the Philadel­
phia & Reading Railroad and the Philadelphia
& Reading* Coal & Iron Co. and their subsidiaries,
instituted by the U. S. government last September,
has been set down for a hearing in the Uni­
ted States District Court, at Philadelphia on June
3, an order of • ourt having beer made to that
effect.
At the recent annual meeting of the Allegheny-
Valley Operators' association. President C. P. Mc-
Cafferty and Secretary-Treasurer George E. Henry
were re-elected. The committee named to meet
with the miners in joint conference is composed
of Messrs. E. C. Roberts. y\'. I). Ward, and J. R.
Brady* of Buffalo, and L. B. Lewis and A. J. Watson,
of Pennsylvania.
The Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corporation is
completing a $150,000 electric plant at Rossiter,
Pa., to operate its mines The company yvill build
a similar plant at Peale, Pa., and at the comple­
tion of the work will abolish the compressed air
system of mining and use electricity.
Tentative plans are being made to consolidate
the Traders' Coal Co., Ihe St. Clair Coal Co. ancl
the Dolph & Robertson Coal Co., anthracite con-
terns, with headquarters in Scranton. Mr. \Y. H.
Taylor ol New York, is said to be the leading spirit
in the proposed consolidation.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
THE INFLAMMABLE GASES IN MINE AIR* \
r By Georfie A. Buriell and Frank M. Seihert f
?-,„««^^_-„,,„,.,, -.,.,.-.,.-.„„,.„„,.„-.„„,.„„ .„„_.,.„._„_-_- -.„___,,,„,»,.-.„,.„„,,„„„«-,„'
Much attention has been given in seveial Emo- faulty analytical work would not lead to wrong
pean countries to the study of the inflammable conclusions. That faulty methods may lead to
gases found in coal mines, but not nearly as many erroneous results is obvious. If a technical gas
analyses of gases from mines in the United States analysis apparatus is used in which the usual
have been published. Methane is generally re- experimental error of plus or minus 0.2 or o.3 c. c.
garded as the inflammable constituent of fire is not avoided, the resultant error becomes serious
damp, but it has been stated that hydrogen, ethy- as regards exact work.
lene, ancl members of the paraffin series higher To show the accuracy demanded in examining
than methane occur in some mines. It has been mine gases, the lollowing analytical results are
claimed, too, that carbon monoxide may be a given. A mine atmosphere of this composition
constituent under conditions other than those was recently examined at the bureau's laboratory:
well known to produce the gas, such as those at- Analysis of a mine atmosphere.
tending mine fires and explosions. Per cent.
That some of these gases may lie formed as a r;o 7.07
result of a fire or explosion in a mine is granted. o 1.2
for the reactions that occur during fires and ex- co .00
plosions are known to produce them, but tiie an- QJT 28.33
thors believe, as a result of their experiments, \ 63.51
that ethylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or Th_ |0n0wing calculations show the procedure
ethane seldom occurs, even in very small quanti- a(lo])ted in determining the methane when the
ties, in the air of American coal mines thai aie siow-combustion method of burning the methane
operating under normal conditions. _as use(j.
Samples of mine air have been obtained from p p
many mines, in the main returns, splits, and en- V(llume „,* ,.,mpl. taken for analysis 100.00
tries, in places where the ail* was moving, and Volllme aftel. arjs0rption of CO, 92.93
also in places where the air was still, as at work- ^,Q f0und 7 07
ing faces, cavities in the roof, in the goave, ancl Vo,ume after absorption of O, 91.73
in sealed inclosures. In addition, samples have Q nourlri 120
been collected from parts of mines that were on volume of sample taken for combustion. .. . 45.86
fire ancl from mines shortly after explosions had Q ad(je(j ,01. combustion 54.14
occurred. Consequently, an excellent opportunity Tota, volume for combustion 100.00
has been afforded to study mine gases that have Volume after comllusti0n 71.78
accumulated under many different conditions, contraction due to combustion 28.22
Some results of this study are presented in Ihe Volume attei. absorption of CO 57.67
following paper whieli is published by the Bureau C Q produced by combustion 14.11
of Mines as a contribution to a better knowledge A duplicate anaiysis in which a smaller proporof
the causes of mine explosions. tion of the sample was taken for tne analysjs gave
If other combustible gases than methane are t]lp following results:
present under normal conditions of mine opeia- . .
1 Analysis ot a mine atmosphere.
tion. then the fact should be made known, because
ethane, hydrogen, ethylene, and carbon monoxide _ '
give to mine gas mixtures properties different "
from those of methane alone. Ethane, for in- ~ '
stance, has a lower explosive limit and ignition '
temperature than methane; hydrogen and ethy- ' "
lene also have lower ignition temperatures and
wider explosive ranges, and carbon monoxide is The calculations follow:
harmful in extremely small proportions.
Volume of sample taken 41.60
ACCUIIACY OF ANALYTICAL MET] s. Volume after absorption of CO, 38.70
In analytical yvork performed by the authors CO.. found 2.95
Iiarticnlar attention lias been paid to methods of Volume after absorption of O, 38.20
examination, and most samples have been exam- 0, found 50
ined in duplicate in order to make sure that Volume taken for combustion 38.20
•Technical Paper 39, 0. S. Bureau of Mines.
O added for combustion 68.55

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Total volume for combustion 106.75
Volume after burning 83.20
Contraction due to burning 23.55
Volume after absorption of CO, 71.40
CO, produced by combustion 11.80
The record of a typical analysis by (be explo­
sion method follows. The analysis is hypothet­
ical and is presented simply to show the errors in­
troduced by* small variations in burette readings.
C. c.
Volume taken for analysis 100.00
Volume after absorption of CO. 92.92
CO, found 7.07
Volume after absorption of O. 91.73
O. found 1.20
Volume taken for explosion 31.77
O. added for explosion 68.23
Total 100.00
Volume after explosion 84.00
Contraction due to explosion 16.00
Volume after absorption of CO, 76.00
CO. produced by combustion 8.00
In the last analysis an experimental en or of
0.2 c. c. in reading the gas volume after com­
bustion would make this reading S3.S c. c. An
experimental error of 0.2 c. c. in reading the gas
volume after the final carbon dioxide absorption
would make the reading 76.2. The contraction
due to combustion would then become 16.2 c. c,
and the volume of carbon dioxide would become
7.6 e. c. Hydrogen and methane, if calculated
from these data aid figured to a percentage basis,
would be:
Per cent.
H. 1.93
CH, 21.94
It will be seen that if only a part of the resi­
dual gas is taken for the analysis and if an error
of 0.2 per cent, is made in two burette readings,
then the calculation will indicate considerable
hydrogen.
An experimental error of plus 0.2 c. c. made in
reading the gas volume after combustion would
result in an apparent reading of 84.2 c. c. An
experimental error of 0.2 c. c. made in reading
the gas volume after the carbon dioxide absorp­
tion would result in an apparent reading" of 75.8.
The contraction in volume and carbon dioxide
produced by* the explosion then become 15.S c, c.
and 8.4 c. c. respectively, and if tbe calculation
is made to methane and ethane the results be­
come 20.38 per cent. CH, and 1.94 per cent. C,H„.
KRHORK nil*. TO THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE MOLECU­
LAR VOI.I .MI'S OF ALL CASKS ARE ALIKE.
Exact specific gravity determinations have
shown that tbe molecular volumes of all gases
are not alike, and as a consequence some gas
analyses may be in error if Avogadro's theory be
assumed.
Beloyv are given the theoretical and observed
specific- gravity determinations (air=l) at 0° C.
and at 760 mm. pressure of those gases that enter
into reaction when methane is burned in com­
plete combustion yvith oxygen.
Comparison of theoretical and observed specific-
gravity determinations.
Theoretical Observed
Gas. density. density.
Oxygen 1.1055 1.1053
Nitrogen 9680 .9674
Methane 5539 .5545
Carbon dioxide 1.5201 1.5291
Theoretical
Observer. Observed.
Rayleigh 1.000
do 1.000
Baume and Perrot 999
Rayleigh 994
The molecular volumes of oxygen, nitrogen and
methane are close enough to the theoretical, hut
considerable variation is noted in tbe theoretical
and observed molecular volumes of carbon dioxide.
Tbe weight of a liter of carbon dioxide at 0° C.
and 760 mm. pressure is 1.9769 grams according
to Rayleigh© and 1.976S grams according to Guyc
and Pintza.©
Then 22.412 liters of carbon dioxide weighs
22.412 X 1.9768 - 44.304 grams at 0' C. and 760
mm. pressure. The coefficient of expansion of
carbon dioxide betyveen 0° and 20", as determined
by Chappius.® is 0.003736.
Then 22.412 X0.003736 X 20 = 1.6746 liters;
1.6746 4- 22.412 = 24.087 liters, the volume occu­
pied by 44.304 grams of carbon dioxide when the
temperature has been raised to 20° C. from 0° C.
at 760 mm. pressure. A gram-molecule of carbon
dioxide equals 44.003 grams and occupies at 0° C.
and 760 mm. pressure:
44.003
44.305
X 24.0S7 -- 23.923 liters.
According to the gas layvs, at 20° C. and 760 mm.
pressure the volume becomes
293
22.412 x 24.051 liters.
273
At 20 C. and 760 mm. pressure then a gram-
molecule of carbon dioxide occupies a volume
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 43)
©Rayleigh. flu the deiisiiies of carbonic oxide, carbonic
anhydride, and nitrous oxide. Proc Roy Snivel.
6*2. 1897, 1). 204.
©Guye, I'. A., and I'intza. A.. Determination des densites
des gaz anhydride carbonique, ammofiJae et protoxyde
d'azote. Mem. Sec. pfiys. el hist, nat de
Geneve, vol. 35, 1908, p. 569.
©Bull. Inst. poids. pt mes.. vol. 13, 190:',, p. mo.

KANAWHA FIELDS HAVE A TOUGH PROPO­
SITION AHEAD TO MAKE A SCALE
AGREEMENT.
The wage conference of Kanawha miners and
operators opened in Charleston, W. Va., April 14.
The miners are presenting extreme demands and
out of line with the recommendations of the
policy committee at Chicago. Following are the
demands:
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Charleston, W. Va., March 31, 1914.
To the Convention of Delegates. District No. 17,
I'. M. W. of A., in Charleston assembled:
The following are the demands of the mineis
of tlie Kanawha district id' West Virginia, lo take
effect from April 1, 1914, and continue one year,
ending March 31. 1915.
First. A lo pei* cent, increase on tbe piesent
price of pick niining. and an advance on machine
mining that, shall leave the differential as it is:
a 10 per cent, increase on all inside day labor;
a 10 per cent, increase on all outside day labor,
and that all outside day labor be made uniform.
Second. Dead work.
Rase one inch thick, three feet deep and 18 feet
wide or less. All over IS feet wide to count lor
two measurements.
Scale of prices for slate and other impurities:
First 6 inches 5c per inch.
6 to 12 inches 8c per inch.
12 to IX inches 10c per inch.
IS to 24 inches 12c per inch.
24 to 30 inches 15c per inch.
All slate of thickness' above 30 inches to be
adjusted locally. This slate scale to apply to all
seams of coal covered by this contract.
Third. In narrow work 5c per ton extra shall
be paid until widtli reaches IS feet, and all over
IS feet shall be considered yvide work.
Fourth. That a change in the basing of all
seams be made yvhere we can prove same is estab­
lished wrong.
Fifth. That company* shall lay all track and
that all track material be hauled by the company.
Sixth. That the within demands are based upon
an S-hour day. This means that S hours shall
constitute a day's work-, ancl that this clause shall
replace Rule No. 10 of the Kanawha agreement,
'912. Drivers to receive pay from time of taking
mules frcm stable to time of returning them to
stable.
Seventh. A check-off through the company
office for all dues, assessments and initiations.
This rule to take Ihe place of Rule No. 2. Kan­
awha agreement. 1912.
Eighth. That motormen, motormen's helpers
and wiremen are to receive the rate of wages
made for motormen. Motorrhen to receive pay
finni the lime of receiving ihe motor until re­
turning the same.
Ninth. That all machine cutting be paid for on
the tonnage hasis, except where machine cutting
is paid for by the day. Machine men are to re­
ceive same as motormen,
Tenth. The system of docking now in force
shall be revised so as to read as lollows: For the
first offense within one pay a notice shall be
given; for th" second offense a fine ol' 50 cents
shall be cheeked off, and for each succeeding
offense a fine of $1.00 shall be cheeked off. and that
all fines be paid into the local treasury of the
union.
Eleventh. That we reserve the right to hire
and discharge the physician, ancl iiermission given
the physician to have an office on company prem­
ises and that bis pav be checked off through the
office.
Twelfth. Men shall be hired according to their
application. This means that no man shall be
hired until the applicant who preceded him has
received yvork.
Thirteenth. An equal turn for all extra work
on idle days, and that when miners are required
to bale water 25 cents per box be paid for same.
Fourteenth. Three places in machine work kit-
two men.
Fifteenth. That the price of powder be $1 50
and that all poyvder be union made.
Sixteenth. That when hard coal is separated
from soft coal the price for loading bard coal
shall be the price paid for splint coal mining.
Seventeenth. That all grievances left to local
adjustment be drawn up in writing.
Eighteenth. That employes shall have right to
trade where they please and no coercion shall be
used to prevent anyone from delivering goods to
them on company's pioperty.
Nineteenth. That Raymond City seam be based
on Coalburg seam.
.!)
Twentieth. That companies deliver empties to
face of coal and receive loads at face.
Twenty-first. That Paint Creek mines now-
working under agreement carrying less rate than
Kanawha agreement be placed on same basis as
said Kanawha agreement, and that Powellton seam
be based on No. 2 Gas.
Twenty-second. That all contracts except those
drawn up by the United Mine Workers and opera­
tors shall be eliminated and live up only to the
lace of that contract.
Twenty-third. That all other rules regulating
local conditions under the Kanawha agreement of
1912. be attached to this contract.
Rule 7 of the Kanawha agreement is to be replaced
by tbe following:

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
That all coal in ibis district be weighed before
screening.
Twenty-fourth. This contract to remain in force
till March 31, 1915. Ancl it is understood that
negotiations for a neyv contract shall begin thirty-
days prior to the termination of this agreement
and shall continue for one month thereafter should
negotiations for a new contract be under way.
This rule shall replace Rule 4 of the Kanawha
agreement, 1912.
MINERS' FINAL PROPOSITION AT
THE CHICAGO CONFERENCE.
At the Chicago conference on Friday, March 20,
President John P. White of the niiners presented
their final proposition. This was under con­
sideration until Tuesday afternoon, March 24,
when it was voted down and the conference ad­
journed sine die. as related in the April 1st issue
of THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. The text of the
proposition and Mr. White's statement in presenting
it follow:
"I am authorized on behalf of the mine workeis
to present to the operators our final proposition.
It is offered in tbe interest of industrial peace and
with a vieyy* to preventing an interruption in the
niining industry of the states and districts herein
represented. If rejected the entire proposition
is withdrawn ancl we reserve the right to formu­
late such demands ancl policies as may* be deemed
just and sufficient to properly protect the rights
of our members.
"If this proposition is accepted by you, it is with
the understanding that it is subject first to tne
approval of the policy committee representing our
International union and final approval of a recon­
vened convention of the United Mine Workers or a
referendum vote of the membership.
"The following is our final proposition:
" 'Chicago, 111., March 20, 1914.
" Tt is hereby resolved by the representatives
of the operators and miners of Western Pennsyl­
vania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois that we reaffirm
the Interstate agreement (generally known as the
Cleveland contract) in effect from April 1, 1912,
to March 31, 1914, as the Interstate agreement
operative in the states and districts of Ohio, Western
Pennsylvania, Indiana ancl Illinois for tyvo
years beginning April 1, 1914, and ending March
31. 1916, with the following exceptions:
"'First: That there be substituted for "Clause
3" of the Cleveland interstate agreement the fol­
lowing:
" 'All local inequalities and internal questions
both as to prices and conditions are referred to
the different districts for adjustment.
"'Second: The price per ton to be paid for
mine-run coal, both pick and machine, together
yvith the question as to whether or not Ohio shall
operate on a screened coal or mine-run basis pend­
ing a decision by the courts of the constitutionality
of the Ohio mine-ru nlaw is referred to the opera­
tors ancl miners of Ohio for settlement with full
power to act.' "
Mr. B. F. Robertson, for many years connected
with the mercantile department of the Consolida­
tion Coal Co., and lately general manager of
stores for that concern, has resigned. He has
not announced bis plans for the future.
Mr. Arthur Nealee, of Pittsburgh, will be gen­
eral manager and superintendent lor the recently
organized Montour Coal Co. which has leased the
Illinois Collieries Co. mines at Springfield, Auburn,
Virden, and Girard in Illinois.
Mr. Herbert M. Wilson, engineer in charge of
tbe Pittsburgh experiment station of the United
States Bureau of Mines, lectured before the Buf­
falo Society of Engineers during the fortnight, on
the safety-first movement.
Mr. E. B. Coolidge. who has been coal and coke
agent for the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Co.,
has been transferred to Chicago with the position
of general western agent. His former headquar­
ters yvere at Cleveland.
Mr. Johnson Camden McKinley, president of
tbe Richland Coal Co. of West Virginia, yvas mar-
I ied Easter week to Miss Agra Bennett, daughter
of Hon. Louis and Mrs. Bennett, of Weston, W. Va.
Mr. Neil Robinson, receiver of the LaFollette
Coal, Iron & Railway Co. of Tennessee, announces
the appointment of Mr. G. M. Shoemaker as man­
ager, in place of Mr. Edward H. Coxe. resigned.
A new bleaker of the Order Kokoal has been
organized at Sioux City. la., with a membership
of 25, and it is expected to hold a koruskation in
ibe near future to double the membership. The
officers of the new breaker are: Modoc, Geo. H.
Flynn; baron, H. H. Krummann; baronel, C. A.
Carlson; baronet, H. E. Haakinson; pictor, Edwin
If. Olson; mazumer, Wm. C. Wells; gazook, R. B.
I lager; pit boss, M. Holmey; acolyte, E. H. Buck;
swatta, B. H. Silver; spotta. Max M. Barish.
The date for the next Kokoal koruskation at
Chicago has been fixed for Wednesday, April 22.
A big class is in prospect.

MINE WORKERS OFFICIALS ISSUE CALL FOR
REFERENDUM VOTE ON WAGE SCALE
RECOMMENDATIONS.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. II
Indianapolis, lnd., March 30.
To the Officers and Members of the United Mine
Workers of America:
Brothers—By instructions of the last Interna­
tional convention, United Mine Workers of Amer­
ica, your scale committee met yvith the operators
of Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illi­
nois at Philadelphia, Pa., beginning Feb. 10.
The demands of the mine workers, as adopted by
the International convention, yvere presented to
the coal operators by your representatives, and
for almost three weeks we tried, by argument,
facts and persuasion, to have them accepted and
agreed to. The coal operatois refused to agree
to any one of the demands proposed, but offered
the Cleveland contract without change instead.
We refused their offer and the meeting adjourned
without reaching an agreement.
We met again in Chicago, 111., on March 17,
and renewed our demands without change. For
an entire week yve continued our pleadings with
the operators, but they still refused to grant a
single demand. After exhausting every honor­
able means at our command in trying to have
your demands accepted, the joint conference ad­
journed sine die yvithout reaching an agreement.
The policy committee, representing the Inter­
national union, composed of representatives of all
the states ancl districts within the jurisdiction
of our organization, then met for the purpose of
defining a policy to be pursued. It yvas the
unanimous opinion of your policy- committee that
the demands of the mine workers were reason­
able, just and fair ancl ought to have been con­
ceded. Hoyvever, after canvassing the situation
carefully, and after giving calm and thoughtful
consideration to the industrial and economical
conditions of the entire country, your policy com­
mittee deemed it unwise to engage in a national
strike at this time for the enforcement of our
demands.
Acting in accordance with such opinions and
conclusions, your committee drafted the following
as a basis of settlement of the wage scale and
recommends it to you for your approval by a ref­
erendum vote:
Chicago. 111., March 25, 1914.
We hereby recommend, as a basis of sttlement
of the wage scale in the states ancl districts under
the jurisdiction of the United Mine Workers of
America, whose contracts expire March 31, 1914,
or some date subsequent thereto, the following:
First, that the representatives of the United
Mine Workers of America in sub-districts, dis­
tricts and groups of districts are authorized and
instructed to negotiate and enter into wage agree­
ments yvith coal operatois operating mines in
their respective jurisdictions, who will agree to
the prices now being paid under the present con­
tract for pick and machine mining, day labor,
yardage and dead work, or the equivalent of the
tonnage and niining prices, where any district,
sub-district or groups of districts, either by rea­
son of an act of the legislature or by agreement,
may change their method of mining from screen
coal to mine-run.
Second, that with the adoption of prices, as
set forth in the preceding clause, the right to
NEW COAL SALES MANAGER OF
JAMISON COAL & COKE COMPANY.
MR. R. T. DONALDSON
WHO HAS TAKEN CHARGE AS MANAGER OF COAL
SALES FOR THE JAMISON COAL a COKE COMPANY.
WITH HEADQUARTERS IN PITTSBURGH
take up for settlement local inequalities both as
to prices and conditions in the different districts,
sub-districts or groups of districts is fully recog­
nized.
Third, that all men employed in districts, sub-
districts or groups of districts are instructed to
continue at work pending a settlement of local
questions yvhere the operators agree to the prices,
hours of labor and conditions of employment now
in effect, except that in districts where a change

42 TIIE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
from a screen eoal basis to mine-run takes place,
the miners may continue at work pending a set­
tlement of all questions ill dispute, in the event Local secretaries will post notices of election
an agreement to do so is reached by the repre­ at least one week prior thereto. No election held
sentatives of the operators and miners of said on any otlier date, nor any votes taken in any
district.
other manner than as herein required will be
Fourth, that all contracts be made for a period regarded as legal. The correctness of the vote
of two years, beginning April 1, 1914. ancl ending cast for and against the proposition must, be
March 31. 1910.
certified to on the returns sent to the Interna­
Fifth, that the question of signing agreements tional office by the tellers selected by* the local
with, individual emiiloyers. together with all other for the purpose of tabulating tbe vote. The cor­
details of policy necessary to put into effect tbe rectness of the returns must be attested with the
provisions herein stated, is referred to fhe Inter­ local seal and signatures of president and recordnational
Executive Board with full power to act. ing secretary of tbe local union. The returns
This proposition provides for a settlement by- must be sent to the International secretary not
groups of districts, districts or sub-districts on later than Tuesday, April 21. 1914.
the basis of tbe present prices, with tbe understanding
that in the joint conferences local inequalities
ancl internal questions, both as to prices
and conditions, may be taken up for adjustment.
In behalf of the policy committee we advise
you to vote in favor of the adoption of the proposed
basis of settlement, for tbe following reason)
especially:
First, it means a settlement at not less than
In conclusion we respectfully recommend that
you vote in favor of the acceptance of tbe policy
committee's recommendation. We are convinced
that if you do so it means industrial peace
and no strike. If not, it means a strike with
all its attendant hardships and sacrifices.
Respectfully submitted.
JOHN P. WHITE, President.
the present rate of wages.
Second, it gives districts, sub-districts ancl
FRANK J. HAYES, Vice-Pies.
WM. GREEX, Sec.-Treas.
groups of districts tbe right to take up local
questions both as to prices and conditions of em­
ployment for settlement.
Third, the coal markets, together with indus­
trial and economic conditions, do not justify a
strike at this time if such ean honorably be
avoided.
Fourth, just at this time the non-union opera­
tors desire a strike in the organized fields so
they can obtain their contracts. We were re­
liably informed that representatives of the nonunion
operators of Kentucky, West Virginia, Penn­
sylvania and elsewhere, were in both Philadel­ prohibiting the same set of individuals holding
phia and Chicago while tbe joint conferences were stock in two distinct corporations even though
in session, doing all within their power to bring they may be engaged in kindred business.
about a disagreement and a strike. And so. The decision was handed down by Judges Gray,
in view of the slack work generally, we are un­
Buffington and McPherson of the Third Judicial
willing to play into their hands by going on
Circuit. The action was brought in the Federal
strike, throwing the mines idle and thus allow
court at Trenton, but through a certificate of ex­
them to fill the markets with non-union coal.
pedition filed by Attorney General McReynolds,
The adoption of this proposition means indus­
trial peace, which is best for our organization,
ourselves and our families at this time. If it is
rejected it means a strike. This is the question
which you. by* your voices, are called upon to
answer.
All local unions will vote upon the acceptance
or rejection of the proposition herein recom­
mended by the policy committee on Tuesday, April
14, 1914. Tlie vote must be by ballot, each mem­
ber of the local union to be supplied with same
and the question shall be in favor of tbe accept­
ance of proposition " Vcs" or against "No."
UNITED STATES LOSES SUIT
AGAINST ANTHRACITE ROAD.
The United States Circuit Court filed an opin­
ion at Trenton, N. J., April 7, dismissing the suit
of the United States government against the Dela­
ware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co. and
the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Coal Co.
for alleged violation of the commodities clause
and the Sherman anti-trust law. The court held
that there is no United States law or decision
was heard by the judges of the Court of Appeals
at Philadelphia in January.
The case was considered of the highest import­
ance by the government, as it was one of the
steps planned by the Department of Justice in its
efforts to break up what it alleges to be a mon­
opoly of the anthracite coal trade. The case,
which was brought under both the Sherman anti­
trust law and the commodities clause of the Hep­
burn railroad law, in all probability wil! go direct
to the Supreme Court of the United States.

THE INFLAMMABLE GASES IN MINE AIR.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 38)
that is 0.54 per cent, less than the volume according
to tbe gas laws. The tine molecular volume
is therefore 0.9946 of tbe volume according to the
gas layvs.
Rayleigh© found that at 15° C. 1 volume CO,
' 1 atmosphere == 1.00279 (2 volumes CO.. X ',_
atmosphere): then 23.923 liters of carbon diox­
ide at 20° C. ancl 700 mm. pressure yvhen sub­
jected to a pressure of 380 mm. becomes 47.846
• 1.00279 == 47.980 liters. A gram-molecule of
carbon dioxide should occupy 2 x 24.051 =• 48.102
liters, yvhich is 0.26 per cent, below the true
volume. The true molecular volume at 2o ; C.
ancl 380 mm. pressure is. therefore, 0.9974 per
cent, of the volume according to the gas layvs;
0.26 per cent, is approximately one-half of 0.54
per cent. A graph plotted through thiee points,
0, 380, and 760 mm. pressure, results in a straight
line. Correct molecular volumes to use in the
calculation of analyses at temperatures near 20°
C. and at different partial pressures of the carbon
dioxide follow:
True molecular volume of carbon dioxide at differ­
ent partial pressures.
Mm. Volume.
100 0.9993
200 99S6
300 9980
400 9972
500 9965
600 9958
700 9951
760 9946
By inserting the proper value for the molecular
volumes of methane and carbon dioxide in the
equation
the latter becomes
CH4 + 20. = CO, + 2H..0
0.999 CH, ->- 20.. - 0.995 CO, + 2H...0
This equation is to be used yvhen gas-analysis
determinations are made at a temperature of
about 20 C. and the carbon dioxide produced by
(ombustion in the mixture being analyzed consti­
tutes between 80 and 100 per cent, of the volume
found after combustion. For other partial pres­
sures of carbon dioxide, tbe true molecular vol­
umes can be obtained from tbe table.
A mine gas mixture having the following com­
iiosition was recently analyzed by the authors:
Analysis of a mine gas mixture.
Gas. Per cent.
CO 0.30
O, 2.10
CH, 91.20
N, 6.40
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
The observed data is found in the actual deter­
mination follow:
C.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
states that hydrogen is rarely found in coal, but
has been identified as a constituent of the gas of
many blowers.
Leon Poussigue© states that the combustible
part of fire damp is composed principally of meth­
ane; that in some there is a very small propor­
tion of hydrogen (never more than 1 per cent..
as has been proved by direct analysis), but never
any ethane.
Beard© states that defiant gas (ethylene) ren­
tiers fire damp easier to ignite and increases its
explosive force:
In niining parlance, it makes the gas sharp, by
which is meant the gas is fresh from the strata
and more active, agitates the flame more and ob­
structs the formation of the flame cap, which is
alyvays difficult to observe in sharp gas. Fresh
feeder gas as it issues from the strata and before
it is diluted with mine air is generally sharp.
The effect of the presence of the olefiant gas is
lo sharpen fire damp and increase tbe danger
from this cause.
Redmayne® says:
The chief constituent of tire damp or marsh gas
or simply "gas," as it is called, is methane or
light carbureted hydrogen ."II,. but it is not en­
tirely composed of this explosive gas. "Pure"
fire damp would be composed entirely of methane,
but all analyses that have been carried out so
far have shown it to contain small quantities
of other gases. The purer the (ire damp tbe more
highly explosive will be the mixture is form with
air.
Stirling and Cadman© collected a sample of
mine gas from the Bellevue mine, Canada, which
Dr. Wheeler, chemist for the British Coal Dust
Commission, analyzed and reported as containing
the following constituents:
Analysis of gas from Bellevue mine, Canada.
Constituent. Per cent.
CO, 0.15
0, 19.30
CH, 4.35
C,H„ 30
N, 75.90
The authors came to the conclusion that fire
damp in the mine was ignited by the fall of a
piece of roof and attach significance to the fact
that ethane was present in the (ire damp. They
call attention to the .act that ethane in fire damp
gives the latter a lower ignition temperature than
if methane were tbe only combustible constituent.
Haldane 1 " 1 reported the results of analyses made
hy him of six samides of mine gases, containing
lrom 0.88 per cent, to 4.52 per cent. ( H,. Com­
bustible gases other ihan methane were not found.
In another investigation Haldane® analyzed
eight samples of mine gas in which the only com­
bustible gas found was methane.
Gray© analyzed 85 samples of mine air from
different coal mines in Scotland and reported only
methane as the combustible gas. He states that
fire damp in tlie air of coal mines seems to con­
sist entirely of methane in all of the samples examined,
but that in the case of samples from
some of the shale mines the analytical figures
pointed to tin- probable presence of traces ot
some other gaseous carbon compound, but it was
impossible to estimate these minute quantities by
the methods of gas analysis, so only methane was
reported.
Von Meyer-tii examined a number of German
coals and the gases they contained. Tlie gases
from eight of the samples of coal were found to
contain ethane, and in three of these the propor­
tion of ethane was nearly equal to, or was even
greater than, that of methane. None of the
samples that gave ethane was from freshly mined
coal and two of the coals had been exposed to
the weather for five years.
Thomas" found that the gases obtained from 13
blowers and bore boles in the South Wales basin
consisted almost entirely of methane. The lat­
ter varied from 94.78 per cent, to 97.65 per cent.
in 12 of the samples. There yvere in some in­
stances indications of traces of a hydrocarbon
other than methane. Thomas believed this to
lie ethane, but the proportion was so minute that
tbe gas was calculated as methane. In one case,
however, he reported 0.9 per cent, ethane.
Schloseing® made an examination of 16 sam­
ides of fire damp from typical Fiencb mines with
the object of determining whether methane yvas
the only inflammable gas present, and concluded
that only three of the samples contained an ap­
preciable quantity of a combustible gas other
than methane. He accounted for these by as­
suming that a small percentage ( 2 to 4 per cent.)
©The investigation of mine air. edited by c Le N
Foster and .1. S Haldane. 1905, p. 77.
©Beard, .1. '1'.. Mine gases and explosions, pans p 104
©Redmayne, R. A. S.. The ventilation of mines;
Modern practice in eoal mining, vol. 4. 1911. p. ::*'
©Stirling, .1. T., ami i adman. John, The Bellevue explosion,
Alberta, Canada: Coll. Guard, vol. Hit. Sent 13
1012, p. r..*14. ' '
©Haldane, .1. S.. Investigations on the nature and
seanes of the suffocative gas met with in wells, together
with further observations of the black damp of eoal
minesj Trans. Fed. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. 11. 1895-96.
©Haldane, .1. S., Investigation .0' Hi icurrence, properties,
anil composition of black damp: Trans Fed Insl
Min. Eng., vol. s. 1894-95, p. 549.
©Gray, Thomas, Analyses of samples of air from representative
mines in Scotland: Trans. Fed Insl Min
Eng.. vol. 39, looo-lii. p. 305.
®Von Meyer. E., .lour. I'rakt. Chem., vol. 5, 1ST" rm
144 and HIT. and vol. 0. 1ST- p 360
©Thomas, .1. W. Gases inclosed in coals from South
Y\ales Basin and the gases evolved by blowers and bv
boring into tie* eoal itself: Jour. Chem So,- vol _N
pi. 2, 1ST.i. p. 820. ' " '
©Schloseing, M., Composition of fire damp: Abs Trans
Fed. Insl, Min. Fug., vol. 11. 1896, p. 611.

of ethane yvas present. He finally concluded
that the combustible portion of fire damp might
lie considered in practice to consist simply of
methane, although it sometimes happens to con­
tain a small but sensible proportion of some other
hydrocarbon.
Beard© published analyses of blower ancl bore­
hole gas which contain only methane as tbe com­
bustible gas. The samples contained from 77.09
per cent, to 99.10 per cent, methane.
The Colliery Guardian© makes tbe following
statement:
There are many facts that lead to the conclu­
sion that fire damp differs considerably from ar­
tificially prepared methane, and we yvould cer­
tainly hesitate to,assume that any sample of fire
clamp is methane alone.
Franke® gives analyses of mine gases in yvhich
only carbon dioxide and methane yvere found.
Trowbridge© found 0.7 and 0.9 per cent, of car­
bon monoxide in gases lie extracted from two
samples of coal by means of a vacuum at ordi­
nary temperatures. In eight other samples of
gas that he extracted from coal at ordinary tem­
peratures he found no carbon monoxide. He
did not find ethylene nor did he report hydrogen.
He stated that tbe combustible gas yielded by-
dust formed in screening the coal gives results
that are most easily interpreted as indicating the
preesnee of hydrocarbons of tbe paraffin series
other than methane.
Burgess and Wheeler© make the following state­
ment regarding the presence of paraffin hydrocar­
bons in mine gas:
Moreover, we had reason to believe that "fire
clamp" should not be regarded as consisting of
pure methane or methane diluted witli a greater
or lesser quantity of air. but that in many sam­
ples other hydrocarbons are present in appreci­
able (and by no means negligible! quantities.
* * * Further, when it is remembered that the
major portion of the inflammable gases that find
their way into the ventilating current of coal
mines issues from minute fissures in the coal, and
that the gases can be extracted from coal at the
ordinary temperature, either by exhautsion or by
simply crushing, contain not only ethane but
higher samples of the paraffin series of hydro­
carbons, it will be seen that the limits of inflam­
mability of every sample of fire damp must not
be regarded as identical yvith those of any one
particular sample.
These considerations prompted Burgess and
Wheeler to determine tbe low limit of inflamma­
tion of the higher members of the paraffin series
of hydrocarbons when mixed with air, as well as
the loyv limit of methane.
Chamberlin© reports 29 analyses made by him
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
of mine gases collected in tlie Monongah mine,
Monongah, W. Va.. the Naomi mine near Belle­
vernon, Pa., and the Darr mine, Jacobs Creel;, Pa.
The samples were collected in these mines after
a fair state of ventilation had been established
following explosions. He reports from 0.05 to
o.61 per cent, carbon monoxide in 23 samples.
Fourteen of tbe samples yvere analyzed by means
of Hempel's technical gas-analysis apparatus. In
10 of these 14 samples he reports carbon monoxide
in quantities lower than 0.1 per cent. The other
samples were analyzed by means of the more ac­
curate Bone and Wheeler apparatus. These de­
terminations were made by means of absorption
in cuprous chloride. Although it is true that
carbon monoxide may often linger in the mine
atmosphere after explosions, yet tbe authors be­
lieve that much reliance cannot be placed upon the
Heinpel technical apparatus for the determina­
tion of proportions of carbon nionoxide less than
o.1 per cent.
Chamberlin also reports analayses of 15 sam­
ides of gas collected from bottles that had been
evacuated and into yvhich small lump coal had
been introduced. In S of these samples he found
carbon monoxide and olefin hydrocarbons in com­
bined proportions, in one sample amounting to
as much as 1.13 per cent. In 5 of tbe 15 samples
he reiiorted olefin hydrocarbons individually in
quantities ranging from 0.29 per cent, to 0.S7 per
cent. In 1 sample of the 15 he found 0.22 per
cent, of carbon monoxide. He further states that
in nearly every analysis he found at least one
other member of tbe paraffin series of hydrocar­
bons, and that the proportions of methane present
varied from a trace to four parts of C.H., in each
100 parts of CH,. and that in several tests the
explosion of anthracite gas instead of indicating
higher paraffins suggested tbe presence of a small
amount of hydrogen.
In 6 other samples of gas escaping from crushed
coal bottled in a vacuum Chamberlin also found
carbon monoxide, olefine hydrocarbons, ethane and
hydrogen. At the end of 14 yveeks tbe bottled
coal gave off a gas that contained 13.35 per cent.
of combined carbon monoxide and ethylene. In
one sample of feeder gas Chamberlin found 0.82
per cent, hydrogen, and in eacm of 5 samples of
feeder gas he found small quantities of carbon
monoxide and ethylene.
©Col. Guard., vol. lo::. Apr. 20. 1012 p. sic,.
©Beard, .1. 'I'., Mine y.-ises ami explosions, 1908. p. In::
©Franke. .1.. .lour. I'rakt. Chem. I2i vol. :;7. Isss.
pp. 01 and 1 13.
©Trowbridge. F. G., Jour. So,-. Chem. lnd.. vol. 23.
1006, p. 1120.
©Burgess. M. .1.. and Wheeler. It. V.. The lower limil
of inflammation of mixture of Ibe paraffin hydrocarbons
w-'b air: Trans Chem. See., vol. 90. loll. p. 2015.
ji Chamberlin, It. T.. Explosive mine gases and dusis:
I*. S Geol. Survey Bull. .".s:i. 1909, pp. 8-9.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Redmayne© quotes the Prussian Fire Damp
Commission as publishing analyses made by Dr.
Scbondorf in 1882-1,884 of fire damp containing
from none to 5.84 per cent, hydrogen and from
none to 37.62 per cent, ethane.
He also quotes Dr. Poleck as finding 2.89 and
3.99 per cent, ethane and 1.87 per cent, and no
carbon monoxide in two samples of mine gas taken
from a dip drift in the Gluekhilf colliery at Wal-
denberg.
Porter and Ovitz,® in their work on the gases
given off by coals at ordinary temperature, report
no hydrogen, olefin hydrocarbons, higher paraffin
hydrocarbons, or carbon monoxide as the result of
the examination of nine ccals taken from six
states. They state that ther error of experimen­
tation was 0.2 per cent.
Bowen and French 1 . 1 grant that coal gas may
be more sensitive to ignition than methane, but in
part justify its use for their tests of safety devices
for electrical mine equipment by attempting to
show that hydrogen and ethane are believed to be
constituents of mine air.
Parr and Parker© analyzed 67 samples of gases
extracted from eoal at ordinary temperatures and
reported no combustible gas other than methane.
Hargei© states that the assumption that the in­
flammable gas of fin- damp is methane is incor­
rect. He reports the combustion data obtained
from the analysis of 20 samples of mine air which
indicate the presence of combustible gases other
than methane.
Work performed by other investigators shows
that combustible gases other than methane are
given off by coal at temperatures above normal.
This report concerns itself with the gases that escape
at ordinary temperatures.
(cox I IN I -KIP IN ISSUE OF MAY 1 )
©Redmayne, It. A. S.. The ventilation of mines. Mod
p-rii practice in c-oal mining, vol. 4, Fill, pp. :;i and 35.
©Porter, II. ('., and Ovitz, F. K.. Tbe eseape of ens
from coal. Technical Paper 2. Bureau of .Mim-s, loll.
U pp.
S-Rowcn, David, ami French, VV. F. Safely devices:
in connection with electrical machinerv, for coal mines:
loll. Guard., vol 103, 1012. p. 1136.
©Parr, S. W.. and Parker. P.. Occluded sas,-s in coal:
Fniv. Illinois Bull. 32, vol. 0, 1909, 28 pp.
©Ilarger, John, < hemistry applied to coal mining:
.("in-. So,-. Chem. lnd.. vol. ."2. 101::. No. '.1, p. 4011.
Charges of violating a mine law which speci­
fies that bore boles shall be kept three feet ahead
of the eoal ill narrow mine workings, made April
3, by Mine Inspector P. J. Walsh of Connells­
ville, Pa., against Supeiintendent I. T. Mullen
and Mine Foreman E. L. Halbert of the Royal
works of W. J. Rainey, are expected to bring to a
head the question of the necessity of using such
bore boles.
MARCH ANTHRACITE SHIPMENTS.
The anthracite shipments for March, 1914, as
compared witli 1913, were:
Companies. 1914 1913
Philadelphia ii Reading 936,304 976,712
Lehigh Valley 926,701 829,502
Cential R. R. of N. J 750,381 665,856
Dela.. Lacka. & Western.. 668,038 532,247
Delaware & Hudson 446,135 562,440
Pennsylvania 585,190 429,211
Brie 660,924 700,388
Ontario & Western 191,030 212.932
Total 5.164.703 4,909,288
The shipments for the three months as com­
pared witli 1913 were:
Month. 1914 1913
January 5,175,732 6,336,419
February 4,121,451 5,674,169
March 5,164,703 4,909,288
April 5,966,189
May 5,995,742
.June 5,970,047
duly 5,487.852
August 5,369,900
September 5,572.279
October 6,338,194
November 5,786,931
December 5,662,618
Totals 5,461,886 69.069.62S
The Montour Coal Co., a new Illinois concern,
has leased four mines of the Illinois Collieries
Co., in the Springfield, 111., district and will
operate them for a year on a royalty basis. The
new company will pay five cents per ton for all
coal mined, and will pay the taxes and tbe up­
keep of the mines. The mines are situated at
Springfield. Virdin, Girard and Auburn, 111.
The annual report of the Island Creek Coal Co.,
for the year 1913 shows net earnings after all
charges have been deducted of $629,672, ancl divi­
dends paid of $S29,696, leaving a deficit for the
year of $200,024. this deficit reducing the profit
and loss surplus from $1,04S,S20 at the close of
the year 1912 to $S48.796 at the close of 1913.
Last year South Africa purchased only 65,202
Ions of coal from Great Britain, as its own output
is now supplying the domestic market. In 1913
the South African collieiies are said to have pro­
duced upward of 4,500,000 tons. South Africa
furnishes about 2,000,000 tons yearly for the ship
bunkering trade.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
CONDITIONS IN WORLD'S LEADING SHIPPING PORT
The year 1913 was one of extraordinary prosperity
throughout Hie Cardiff consular district,
yvrites Consul Lorin A. Lathrop of Cardiff, Wales.
All important industries established a record in
quantities, and nearly all a record in financial results.
The output of (oal from the South Wales
coal field exceeded by far the figures of all past
years, as did also the export. Coal prices were
steadily maintained at high figures and great
profits yvere made, notwithstanding increased cost
of production. It is understood that orders aggregating
some millions of tons yvere refused from
sheer inability to supply the coal.
Local interest is keen as to the effect the opening
of the Panama canal will have on South Wales
coal exports. A frank expression of opinion yvas
made by Mr. D. A. Thomas at the annual meeting,
in February, 1914, of the Consolidated Cambrian
(Ltd.), of whic-h company he is chairman. The
report in the Cardiff journals of his comments
follows:
He yvas much more alarmed at the threatened
competition of American coal than at that ol oil.
They had coal in Amerii a, there was no doubt,
which was very little short in quality to that of
South Wales. In West Virginia and in the Pocahontas
and the New River coal fields there were
large areas of coal which were very little inferior
to the best Admiralty coal, and when the Panama
(anal was open he confessed that he thought most
of tlie coal used out there would be American and
not Welsh. The cost of production in South
Wales had doubled in 25 years, while such cost
in the United States was less, and coal of good
quality could be put on rail in West Virginia at
one-third the cost in South Wales.
The production of coal during 1913 is estimated
at 54,000.000 to 55,000,000 tons, an increase of 4,-
000,000 to 5,000,000 tons over the preceding year.
Welsh coal is the most costly to mine in the
world, and the output per annum for each person
employed has remained for some years at 220 to
230 tons. The adoption of
MECHANICAL APPLIANCES,
such as coal cutters and conveyors, proceeds very
slowly.
So active and constant was the demand for
Welsh coal throughout the whole year that prices
were continually maintained at high levels, not
only- for the best Admiralty coals, but also for all
other grades. Of these listed Admiralty coals
the annual production is 10,000,000 to 12,000.000
tons. It yvas supplied in 1913 to practically ail
the navies of Europe, as well as to those of South
America, and never sold during the year below
$1.43 per long ton f. o. b. Cardiff, while the average
for the 12 months yvas $5. The average for
all classes of large coal, including Admiralties,
was $4.21; for small, $2.55; for black veins, f. o. b.
Newport, $4.41.
Shipments of coal by water from South Wales
ports exceeded 40,000,000 tons; those from the two
ports in the Cardiff consular distiict were as follows:
Coal From From
and products. Cardiff. Newport.
Long tons. Long tons.
Foreign 19,325,17S 4,654,781
Coastwise 2,994,305 710,382
Bunker 3,245,294 711,760
Coke 105.302 29,340
Briquets 669,933 130,750
Total 26,340,012 6,22 7,013
France, exclusive of its colonies, bought, in 1913,
13.000,000 long tons of coal from Great Britain,
of which a little more than half was sent from
South Wales ports. France is a customer not
only for best Admiralties for tbe navy, but also
for large quantities of Monmouthshire coals for
the state railways. Tbe contract for such railway
coals, for delivery during 1914, amounting to
some 750,000 tons at a price just under $4, was
closed at the beginning of the current year.
Outside of these state purchases there is much
buying by French importers for domestic use in
the coast towns on the western and southern shores
and for the respective distributing areas of those
communities. To meet such demands, mixtures
of different coals are made at the
TIME OF LOADING
into the ship, and the f. o. b. Cardiff or Newport
prices for such mixtures during 1913 and at
present may be taken as $3.50 to $4 per long ton,
according to quality.
To Havre, for instance, 533,000 long tons were
shipped from Cardiff and Newport in 1913 at an
average freight of $1.18. A considerable proportion
of this was for domestic use, and by adding
cost and freight yve get $4.68 to 5.IS as the
c. i. f. cost at Havre, to which insurance, terminal
charges, and cost of discharge would make a
small addition.
Average freights during 1913 were higher than
ruling rates; that to Havre from Cardiff or Newport
at present writing (March, 1914) being 90

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
cents per long ton. From these two South Wales
ports yvere sent in 1913 to Bordeaux 349,000 tons,
Rouen 207.00(1 tons, La Rochelle 53,000 tons,
Nantes 159,000 tons, at freight rates averaging
about $1.30, such rates at the end of February,
1914, having fallen to $1 to $1.10. To Marseille
yvere sent from Cardiff and Newport 789.000 tons,
at an average freight rate of $2.10, compared with
$1.54 in February, 1914.
To Portugal, exclusive of its colonies, yvere shiplied
in 1913, 1,200,000 long tons from the United
Kingdom, of which 7S2.000 yvere sent from the
South Wales ports. Part of this coal was delivered
under contracts for state railways. For
delivery in 1914 one contract for 93,000 tons of
small steam coals yvas closed in Cardiff in Dec-ember,
1913, at $4.34 c. i. f. Lisbon. Freights aver
aged $1.70 in 1913, but were nearer $1.30 at tbe
time this contract yvas made. The Portuguese
railways use a low-quality coal, and a small contract
was closed at the end of the year at prices
which left little more than $2 per long ton to the
seller. Lisbon took 559,000 tons in 1913 from Cardiff
and Newport, and Oporto 135.000 tons. Tbe
average freight to the latter port in 1913 w-as
$2.02; rates February, 1914, were $1.51.
Spain exclusive of its colonies received from
the United Kingdom in 1913 2,500,000
I.OXO TONS
of coal, nearly all from South Wales ports. Cardiff
and Newport sent to the northern ports Bilbao.
Santander, etc., about 100,000 tons; average
freight in 1913 $1.60; freight in February, 1914.
$1.35. To Barcelona were shipped 343,000 tons:
to Malaga, 46,000 tons; to Cadiz, 43,000 tons, at
freights averaging in 1913 $2.36 to the first named
port doyvn to $2.10 to Cadiz. Rates to Barcelona
in February, 1914, were $1.80.
Italy imported 9,600,000 long tons from the
United Kingdom in 1913, of which 5.600.000 tons
were shipped from the South Wales ports. About
2,000,000 tons of the Italian imports are small
coals for the state railways, contracted for at
prices ranging from $2 to $3. There is a heavyimport
also of coal for domestic use at prices
someyvhat higher. Genoa took in 1913 from Cardiff
and Newport 1,500,000 tons, average freight
$2.20, February, 1914, freight rates, $1.57: Civlta
Vecchia. 205,000 tons, average freight, 1913, $2.38,
February, 1914, freight rates, $1.94; Messina, 126,
000 tons; Palermo, 77,000 tons; Leghorn, 279,000
fons. at average freight rates closely approximating
those to Civita Vecchia; ruling rates in February,
1914, were 30 cents to 50 cent slower.
Egypt is an annual importer of more than 3,-
000,000 tons of coal from the South "Wales ports.
The bulk of this goes to British depots at Port
Said. Shipments from Cardiff and Newport in
1913 to Alexandria amounted to 500,000 tons,
nearly all for state and railway purposes and of
high quality, large, approximating $4 f. o. b. Cardiff;
average freight, 1913, $2.39; February, 1914,
$1.82. Algeria ancl Tunis imported in 1913 1,-
336,000 tons, of yvhich the bulk went to the first
named. Shipments from Cardiff and Neyvport
to Algiers were 613,000 tons, at freights averaging
in 1914 $1.94; February, 1914, $1.35; rates to Tunis
are a fraction higher.
To French West African ports were shipped 350,-
000 tons, all from South Wales, freight rates to
Dakar averaging $2.37; to Portuguese West Africa,
218,000 tons; to British West Africa, 100.000 tons;
freight rates to Sierra Leone averaging $2.43 per
ton in 1913: in February, 1914, the shipping rate
was $2.25.
The Canary- Islands are consumers of over 1,-
000,000 tons of British coal, of which more than
half comes from the South Wales field; Madeira
lakes 100,00 tons, the Azores 20,000 tons.
FREIGHTS TO THESE ISLANDS
in 1913 averaged $2.12 and yvere 50 cents less in
February, 1914.
Brazil was a buyer in 1913 from the United
Kingdom of 1,900,000 tons of coal, of yvhich 1,600,-
000 were shipped from South Wales ports. A
limited proportion of shipments to South American
countries is of high-grade Admiralties, a large
proportion for state railways, some for domestic
purposes, and some for ooaiing ships. F. o. b.
prices at Cardiff vary from something under $3
lo neaily $5 per ton, according to quality. Rio de
Janeiro receives about half the Brazilian imports;
fi eights from Cardiff and Newport, 1913, $4.09;
charters have been fixed in February, 1914, at
$3.28. Freights to Para rule from 25 cents to
30 cents below those to Rio de Janeiro: to Bahia
somewhat higher; and to Rio Grande do Sul considerably
higher, averaging nearly $7 in 1913.
Uruguay imported over 700,000 tons from the
United Kingdom in 1913, of yvhich over 600,000
were shipped from South Wales ports to Montevideo
at freight rates averaging $4.09; February, 1914,
late, $3.28.
Argentina imported 3,700,000 tons, of which over
3,000,000 came from South Wales ports. Freights
to La Plata river were the same as those to Rio
de Janeiro. Freights to Bahia Blanca, which
took 400,000 tons in 1913 from Cardiff and Neyvport,
ranged about 50 cents in excess of those to
La Plata river.
Chile was an importer of 600,000 tons from the
United Kingdom, of yvhich two-thirds were shipped
from South Wales ports, but only a small part

from the Cardiff district. All the Cardiff shipments
yvere carried in Chilean transports, and no
local freight quotations are to be found. Much
that yvent from ports outside the Cardiff district
was carried in sailing vessels which brought back
nitrates. Freights from the United Kingdom to
Chile for coal averaged in 1913, $4.94 per long ton.
The minimum-wage act has now been in practical
operation for one and one-half years. This
law provided for the fixing of minimum yvages
for the different c-lases of employes in ancl about
coal mines in the different coal fields of the United
Kingdom. A leading trades unionist states
that in 1912, before the passage of the act, a
small percentage of skilled miners in the South
Wales field earned less than $1 per day, that 5
per cent, earned less than $1.20 per day, 15 per
cent, less than $1.45 per day, and 34 per cent.
less than $1.70 per day. After the act yvas
IX FULL WORKING ORDER,
he states that every skilled miner received a minimum
wage of $1.78 per day.
The act, of course, applies to such skilled miner
only when working in an abnormal place where,
ownig to geographical conditions, he could not
extract the normal daily quantity. Such skilled
miner, working under favorable conditions, has
been able to earn throughout the whole of the year
from $20 to $30 per week, but miners claim that
such earnings are exceptional.
WORKMEN SAID TO PREFER LEISURE TO MORE WAGES.
At the annual meeting of the Poyvell Duffryn
Mining Co., the managing director expressed disappointment
that tlie output from the company's
properties had only been 3,800,000 tons, whereas
they had expected 4,000,000. It is stated locally
that the expected results were not obtained because
a percentage of miners did not present themselves
regularly for work throughout the long
and pleasant summer. The chairman of the Cambrian
Co. stated publicly that he thought it was
the general experience in the coal field that in
good times workmen preferred greater leisure
rather than more wages.
The minimum-wage act, hoyvever, was drafted
and passed for the advantage of the lower-paid
day worker, for whom an average weekly wage
before the passing of the act was $6.19, raised by
tbe act to $6.91. and is now over $7.
ANTICIPATED INDUSTRIAL UPHEAVAL.
It is admitted by labor leaders that the existing
and anticipated quiet of the current year is
largely preparation for a coming great struggle.
Labor energies are concentrated on strengthening
its numerical and financial forces to meet special
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
conditions which will arise at the end of 1914
and in the early months of 1915.
For the first time in the history of coal mining,
all agreements between labor and capital throughout
Great Britain end at the same time. So also
do agreements between the railways and their
employes. The minimum-wage act, passed in
1912 for two years, expires by its oyvn terms.
The Miners' Federation and the various railway
unions are expected to render mutual support in
si curing their respective demands. Miners' representatives
openly refer to the coining upheaval
as a bigger industrial upheaval than the country
has ever witnessed.
I CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT (
Messrs. John F. Phillips and Charles D. Robinson,
of Fairmont, W. Va., ancl Senator A. Hood
Phillips will develop a tract of 100 acres of Pittsburgh
coal on the B. & O. railroad between Rosemont
and Flemington. The tract is oyvned by
Col. John T. McGrayv of Grafton. It is expected
to have the tipple and power house completed
and the mine in operation by July 1. The plant,
when working full, will have a capacity of from
500 to 700 tons a day.
The Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. built a coal
washery of wood construction at their Aliquippa
works. Pennsylvania, in July. 1913. This washery
yvas burned January 6, 1914, and has been reconstructed
of steel and concrete and put into
operation in 54 days from the time the re-construction
work started. The Link-Belt Co. of
Chicago designed and built both washeries.
The Bunsen Coal Co. has appropriated $250,000
for a new mine to be sunk near Georgetown, 111.,
ancl announces that sinking the shaft will be
started within the next two weeks. Its capacity,
4.000 tons a day, will be greater than that of any
other mine in the Danville district.
The Durham Coal & Iron Co. has authorized the
immediate building of by-product coke ovens in
Chattanooga, Tenn. The ovens will be built in
blocks of 30 and 60 with a view of adding to them
in the future. The initial outlay will be in the
neighborhood of $1,000,000.
The Clarkson Coal Co.. Duluth. Minn., has announced
that it will add 400 feet to its dock in
the harbor at that city, to give it better facilities
for handling coal.
Earl McConaughy and L. Ross, of Logan, W.
Va.. who recently purchased SOO acres of coal land
near that place will develop the property at once.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
IDAHO'S COAL FIELDS TO BE DEVELOPED.
State Mine Inspector Robert N. Bell, of Idaho,
has compiled his annual report and submitted it
to the governor of the state. He calls special
attention to the coal development in that state,
yvhich in part is as follows:
"The rock formations of Idaho embrace an ex­
cessive proportion of crystalline and highly meta­
morphosed metal bearing sedimentary rocks, with
a decidedly limited area of the unaltered sedi­
mentary formations to which all far western coal
deposits are confined, but we have a limited area
of the famous coal bearing cretaceous shales and
sandstones that have been such an important fac­
tor in the business development of our neighbor­
ing states of Wyoming and Utah, from where the
bulk of the coal now used in Idaho is imported
and which is estimated to amount to something
like a million and a half tons a year, exacting
an excessive drain of cash from this state each
year with which to pay for the essential neces­
sity, a condition that has proved rather unfortu­
nate in the commercial advancement of the state.
"I am gratified, however, to be able to state that
after a struggle of 10 years to that end, that
government patents have been recently issued to
two association of Idaho citizens covering two
claims whieli embrace a total of 1,100 acres of
coal land formerly in Fremont county, but now-
just over the line in the new county of Madison.
These deposits are situated on Horse Shoe creek.
a small tributary stream that puts down from
the foothill range directly west of the Teton
peaks, into the Teton river near Driggs, a sta­
tion on the recently completed Short Line branch
that extends south from Ashton and is only 10
miles distant from tlie mines.
"These coal claims cover a series of steeply
pitching veins, IS in number. They vary in
width from six inches to 10 feet, ancl have under­
gone development in a limited way ever since
they have been taken up by the owners, over 10
years ago.
"This work has demonstrated the continuity of
the veins for fully two and one-half miles and
to a depth at one point of 200 feet. These deiiosits
have been repeatedly examined by compe­
tent experts in coal matters and are estimated to
contain a resource of high grade fuel aggregating
5,000,000 tons on the two proporties above the
moderate depth of 500 feet on their dip.
"During the retarded development of these deposits,
pending the issue of their patents, they
have produced several thousand tons of coal,
yvhich has been sold to the farmers of the Upper
Snake river valley at about the cost of production,
which ranged from 50 cents for slack to $3.50
per ton for screened coal and has been hauled
away in wagons and sleighs to points all over
Fremont county and as far south as Idaho Falls,
and its quality is well known in that region and
has given eminent satisfaction. In fact, it is
equal to the best imported article in this line,
and the more extensive development of these de­
posits is now warranted to put them into shape
to produce 1.000 tons of coal per day. yvhich they
are capable of doing.
"The veins are very clean and their situation
affords excellent advantages for economical de­
velopment ancl operation by adit entry methods,
and they should prove an important factoi in the
upbuilding ancl business pi ogress of the state
and greatly reduce the retail cost of coal to the
consumer of the Upper Snake river valley settle­
ments, to yvhich the deposits are very conveniently
situated
"Other interesting bituminous coal prospects
have been found in Bonneville county and as far
south as Willow creek, yvithin IS miles of Idaho
Falls, at which point patent has also been issued
for a coal entry whieli carries fuel of excellent
quality that is now being exploited and seems to
warrant further development."
IDLE CARS SHOW DECIDED INCREASE.
The report of the American Railway associa­
tion issued April 7, giving the car surplussages
and shortages, shows:
Surplussages:
April 1, 1914 141,525
March 15. 1914 132.010
April 1, 1913 68,792
Shortages:
April 1, 1914 2,013
March 15, 1914 7.145
April 1, 1913 10.804
These figures show a net surplus of 139,512 cars
as compared with 124,865 cars March 15; 153,907
cars March 1, and 57,9SS a year ago.
The Slemp Consolidated Coal Co. announces it
will open a new million dollar operation near
Craftsville. Ky., on the Lexington & Eastern railroad.
The coal exported from the United States in
January, 1914. was 197.415 tons of anthracite,
923,760 tons of bituminous ancl 66.720 tons of
coke. For the seven months of the fiscal year
ending Feb. 1, the exports yvere: 2,2S3,862 tons
of anthracite, 10,878,629 tons of bituminous and
458,403 tons of coke. This does not include bun­
ker coal, of which 607,652 tons were loaded in
January, and 4,230/190 tons for the seven months.

COAL MINE FATALITIES IN THE UNITED
STATES, DECEMBER, 1913, WITH REVISED
FIGURES FOR PRECEDING MONTH.*
The reports received by the Bureau of Mines
from the state mine inspectors show that 191
men weie killed in and about the coal mines in
the United States during- December, 1913, as compared
with 165 during the same month of 1912
This number includes those killed in the mine
explosion that occurred at the Vulcan mine, New
Castle, Col., Dec. 16, wherein 37 men were killed.
The total number of men killed in and about the
coal mines of the United States during 1913 was
2,785. as compared with 2,360 for 1912, representing
an increase of 18 per cent. With the increase
in the loss of life there was also an increase in
the production of coal, the total quantity being
estimated by the United States Geological survey
as between 565,000,000 and 575,000,001) short tons,
as compared yvith 534,466,580 tons in 1912. The
number of men employed as reported by the various
state mine inspectors shows an increase of
about 6.000 men. Tlie fatality rate for 1913,
therefore, becomes 3.82 per 1,000 men employed, as
compared with 3.27 for 1912. The figures by
months are as follows:
Fatalities at coal mines during the calendar
years of 1912 and 1913:
1912. 1913.
January 252 223
February 213 20S
March 360 202
April fS1 285
May 150 206
June 170 192
July 193 184
August 211 243
September 175 173
October 203 476
November 187 202
December 165 191
Total 2,360 2,785
In making comparisons yvith the figures for
1912. it must be borne in mind that during the
month of April, 1912, many of the mines throughout
the United States were closed pending wage
settlements, and during that month only 81 men
were killed, as compared with 285 men killed
during the same month in 1913, when the mines
were in full operation. During April, 1913, occurred
the Cincinnati mine disaster, in which 96
•-Compiled by Albert II. Pay, I'. S. Bureau of Mines.
fDuring April, 1912. suspensions pending wage settlements
in many of the leading coal producing states malerially
reduced tin- number of men working in the
mines, and consequently tie number of fatalities.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
men were killed. In other words, at least 204
of the fatalities for 1913 should be deducted in
order to make a fair comparison with 1912.
During the year there were 8 mine disasters in
which 5 or more men were killed representing a
total of 464 fatalities, as compared with 13 similar
disasters in 1912, wherein 252 men were killed.
Although the number of lives lost in the disasters
of 1913 was larger than in the previous year, the
number of mine disasters yvas reduced by 38 per
cent.
The fatalities due to dust explosions were 423,
as compared with 137 in 1912, or an increase of
286. Of these fatalities 263 were due to one disastrous
explosion at Davcson, N. Mex. The total
fatalities due to mine fires yvas 4 in 1913 and 11
in 1912. With the exception of accidents due to
gas explosions, burning gas, and mine fires, all
of the underground causes show increases, as follows:
B'alls of roof, face or pillar coal, 113; mine
cars ancl locomotives, 62; falling down shaft, 22;
niining machines, 14; suffocation from mine gases,
23; electricity, 4; other causes, 14.
There was a decrease of 26 in the number of
surface fatalities for 1913, the total number being
161 as compared with 187 for 1912.
DEVELOPMENT OF BRITISH
COLUMBIA COAL FIELD.
The prospective opening of the Panama canal,
writes U. S. Consul General R. E. Mansfield of
Vancouver, has given impetus to various industries,
activity to plans for opening new mines,
and the development of the natural resources of
British Columbia. This is especially true in regard
to the coal mining interests of the province.
It is announced that Mr. D. A. Thomas, the
Welsh coal magnate, who is now on the Pacificcoast,
has secured options on the anthracite coal
lands controlled by the British Columbia Anthracite
syndicate, a company composed of Quebec
financiers, in what is known as the Groundhog
district in British Columbia and estimated to
contain 1.141,444,000 tons. In addition to the
coal deposits the company holds charters from
both the dominion and provincial governments
for constructing a railway from the mouth of the
Naas river into the coal fields, a distance of 140
miles, and beyond its holdings for a distance of
60 miles.
The product in the Groundhog district is said
to be the only hard smokeless steam anthracite
coal in the world outside of Wales, Pennsylvania
and West Virginia. The opening of the Panama
canal will enable naval and other vessels using
hard coal to come through the canal w-ith a small

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
amount of fuel in tbeir bunkers and replenish
their supplies at one of the Pacific stations with
coal from the British Columbia mines.
Nasoga bay, the port for the proposed railway,
is said to be admirably adapted for a coal dis­
tributing point, the harbor being well protected
and capable of berthing large vessels. The esti­
mated cost of building a railway into the coal
fields, equipping the colliery, providing rolling
stock, buying eoal carrying ships, and general
organization on a working basis is $10,000,000.
Engineers who have surveyed the Groundhog
district report that sufficient coal could lie mined
from the field to supply all the naval squadrons
in the Pacific ocean with smokeless anthracite
coal, and that on account of its geographical loca­
tion, a port at the mouth of the Naas river could
compete with the Welsh and Pennslvanyia col­
lieries.
Nasoga bay is closer to the Orient and to Rus­
sia than any other sheltered harbor on tlie Pacific
adjacent to a supply of smokeless coal, and is
therefore more suitable for a coal distributing
center, ancl it has the advantage of an almost un­
limited supply of this valuable fuel nol tar from
the port, yvhich would facilitate transportation to
Hongkong, Yokohama, Vladivostock, Australia,
New Zealand, and other naval bases in the East.
The coal company in 1911 secured a charter from
the province for the Naas & Skeena Rivers railyvay.
The route follows the Naas and other rivers
140 miles northeasterly from Nasoga bay, which
is about 50 miles north of Prince Rupert. Sur­
veyors for the dominion government have ex­
pressed the opinion that there is a feasible route
for a connecting link from the Groundhog line to
the proposed Alaska railways via the headwaters
of the Skeena and Stikine rivers, thence along
the latter stream to the Dease river and lake
to the headyvaters of the Laird river through the
Atlin district to the Whitehorse, and thence by
the way of the Chisana pass into Alaska, along
the Tanana river into Fairbanks, the Copper river
country, and the interior of Alaska.
The Clinchfield Coal Corporation has contracted
with the Seaboard Air Line railway to deliver to
that road from the mines in Russell county, Vir­
ginia, 900,000 tons of steam coal. This coal Is
to be delivered so many tons per annum as it is
needed.
The shipments of coal through Lock No. 4,
Monongahela river, during March totaled 19,152,-
000 bushels, making the shipments for tlie quarter
45,484,000 bushels.
HELIUM IN FIREDAMP AND THE
RADIO-ACTIVITY OF COAL.
In a paper read before the Acadeinie des
Sciences, C. Moureu and A. Lepape, who had pre­
viously discovered the presence of helium in fire­
damp, gave particulars of their experiments in
estimating the amount of helium contained in the
gas of several collieries, says the Colliery Guard­
ian.
A "blower" at Anzin, yvhich furnished the gas
for the earlier researches, after continuing to
give out a regular quantity of firedamp for 12
years, is noyv exhausted; but an estimate of the
average volume of pit gas set free in the Anzin
collieries gives 30,000 cubic- metres of firedamp
per diem. Then, assuming this gas to contain
the same proportion of helium as that previously
analyzed by the authors (0.04 per cent.), the
volume of helium thus liberated daily would be
12 cubic metres, or 1,380 cubic metres per annum.
The "blower" at Frankenholz, which has been in
active operation lor seven years, furnishes 7,200
cubic metres of firedamp daily, and the totai
quantity liberated throughout the whole of the
mine daily is 37,000 cubic metres. With a helium
content of 0.027 per cent, (as shown by analysis),
a volume of 10 cubic metres of helium is produced
per diem, or 3,650 cubic metres per annum.
These quantities are enormous, and far in excess
of those found in the richest thermal springs—
e. g., 18 cubic metres per annum at Santenay and
34 cubic metres at N.ris.
In view of the close relationship between helium
and the radio-active bodies, the natuipl course to
follow- for obtaining information on the origin of
the helium in firedamp was to study, in the first
place, the radio-activity of these gaseous mixtures
and of the coal in which they originate. For the
purpose in view it was sufficient to investigate
the emanation of radium in firedamp, and that of
the radium and thorium in samples of eoal taken
from the vicinity of gas "blowers." These in­
vestigations were carried on with the aid of the
Cheneveau-Laborde electroscope, but the results
were practically nil. the emanations being too
small to reach the minimum (2.10-11 curies) the
apparatus was capable of detecting.
For determining tbe radium and thorium in the
coal samples, the mineral constituents of the coal
yvere first isolated, by incineration, and then dis­
solved by tne action of hydrochloric acid and
aqua regia, fusing the residue with alkali carbon­
ates, etc. The solution was then kept for a cer­
tain time in a closed vessel, and examined for
radio-activity to ascertain by calculation the
amount of radium in the coal. The thorium was
next determined by drawing the thorium emana-

tions over an electroscope by means of a constant
current of air.
The following table shows the results of the
measurements obtained:
KAUIUM AND HOlill M I.N COAL.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
Radium Radium
(IO- 1 -gram.) (1 .-"'gram.)
^ .J sly OJ & O _
ri..,-_iv. . ai d d 73 S C d d
Ongin. « . jj« | g g S.
3|| §s| sa ^s »§ fe§
'cuS*- -^^v. H w """* ipn -^ tW *-~ l C|_|
>tnOj2~o.io do co do
.- < — KH M P-H l-P
Lievin 200 46 *0.5 *0.02
Anzin 2,000 3.5 *0.5 *0.01 *0.5 *0.01
Lens 500 11 S.8 0.97 3 0.33
Frankenholz.. 2,000 2 2 0.04 1.5 0.03
Mons 2,000 2.3 *0.5 *0.01 1.2 0.02
*Less than this amount.
It is thus evident that coal contains certain proportions
of radium and thorium. With regard
to the problem whether these proportions are able
to account for the enormous yields of helium mentioned
above, the following calculation, relating
to firedamp from the Frankenholz colliery, may be
given.
This mine emits a daily quantity of 10 cubic
metres of helium, and, assuming that it continues
to do so for 20 years, the total quantity of
helium given off into the atmosphere in that period
yvill be 73,000 cubic metres. Taking the radium
ancl thorium content as set forth in the table, and
in vieyv of the known layvs of the production of
helium and thorium, this coal will have produced
since the carboniferous period—that is to say,
during about 100 million years—2 cubic millimetres,
2.10-3 of helium per gramme ot coal, and
consequently the weight of the coal furnishing
the 73,000 cubic metres of helium would be 33
milliard tons, occupying a space of 22 milliard
cubic metres, or about 1,000 times the annual coal
output in France. It is, hoyvever, not improbable
that a large portion of the helium remains occluded
in the coal, and that only a small fraction is
liberated, so that the mass of coal rea'ly necessary
for the disengagement of 73,000 cubic metres of
helium in the mine in question would be very
much greater than 33 milliard tons -perhaps 100
times that figure. It would seem, therefore, that
only a small fraction of the helium in firedamp
originated in the radio-active constituents of the
c-oal.
On the other hand, it appears from the author's
researches that the helium in firedamp is
always accompanied by the other four rare gasesneon,
argon, crypton and xenon. Now these are
certainly not produced by the coal, and, since previous
experiments have shown that the five rare
gases are always found associated in firedamp, it
is evident that the radio-active substances in coal
play only a very small part in the production of
the helium in firedamp.
The problem may also be approched by taking
into consideration surrounding rocks, whieli also
contain radio-active substances. According to
the latest researches, the average radium content
in sedimentary rocks is 1.5 gramme, 5.10-12 per
gramme of rock, ancl that of thorium 1.16 gramme,
10-5 per gramme—that is to say, 49 times as much
as in coal.
However this may be, there is no doubt that
only a small portion of the helium in coal is of
recent formation, nearly the whole being fossil,
and there is also no doubt that most of the helium
has not originated in the radio-active substances
in the coal. The manner in yvhich this extraneous
helium has been introduced into the coal,
toegther with the other rare gases accompanying
the helium in firedamp, is under investigation.
MINE INSPECTORS PLAN
FOR ANNUAL CONVENTION.
At a meeting of mine inspectors held in Pittsburgh,
April 5, preliminary arrangements yvere
completed for the annual meeting of the Mine Inspectors'
Institute of America, which will be held
in Pittsburgh, commencing June 9. The technical
program is being worked out by a committee
and yvill be announced early in May.
The entertainment feature of the convention will
be in charge of the bituminous inspectors of this
district, I. J. Roby of Uniontown being chairman
of the entertainment committee. The guests on
tlie evening of the opening day of the convention
will be given a boat ride up the Monongahela
river as far as McKeesport, then back to Coraopolis.
A banquet will be arranged for the evening
of June 10. Technical entertainment will consist
of the demonstration at Bruceton and a visit
to the Linited States Bureau of Mines in this city.
Regular sessions of the institute will be closed
to outsiders. Some of the most notable men in
the engineering fields of the coal industry wili
address the institute, of yvhich David Roderick of
Hazelton, Pa., is president, and J. XV. Paul of the
United States Bureau of Mines of this city is secretary.
Officers of the Bituminous Mine Inspectors' association
of this district are: President, Thomas K.
Adams, Mercer, Pa.: vice president, I. J. Roby,
Uniontoyvn; secretary-treasurer, Thomas S. Lovvther,
Indiana, Pa.

..•4 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MOVEMENT OF COAL AND COKE OVER THIR­
TEEN LEADING EASTERN RAILROADS
DURING JANUARY, 1913-1914.
ANTHRACITE.
Classes and 1913. 1914.
Railroads. Short Tons.
B. & O.I 195,667
C. & Or 37S
Erie® 673,614
Penna. ® 1.014,259
Virginian © © 89
137,270
1,043
791,070
915,027
Total, roads 1.884.1)07 1,844,410
ISITl MINOI
B. & O.I 3,187,956
B. R. & P. © © 774,052
Buffalo & Susq. © © 143,814
C. & O.® 1,263,892
Erie® 60,373
H. & B. T. M. © © 150,149
N. Y. C. & H. R.® 886,742
X. & W. I _ 2.069.874
Penna. © ® 4,210,196
P. & L E. © © 1,033.330
P. S. & N. © © 228.426
Virginian © © 453,S86
Western Maryland 241,021
,097: 640
SIT 259
147. 581
.644. 152
9. 980
105 739
,835. 458
,853. 198
.117. 514
830, 804
2S7, 471
407, 109
940
Total, 13 roads 14.703,711 14.411.S48
B. & O.©
B. R. & P. © ® ....
Buffalo & Susq. © ©
C. & O.I
N. Y. C. & H R.®
N. & XV. 0 ©
Penna. © @
P. & L. E. © ©
P. S. & N. © ©
Virginian
Western Maryland .
109,620
57,831
2S.153
30,764
7,548
148,251
2SS.514
668,392
3,212
274,955
28,780
33,195
34,256
114,776
853,412
404.148
6.642 S.271
Total. 10 roads 2,348,928 1,752,092
Total, Coal & Coke, 13 roads 18,930,646 IS,008,351
^Includes coal received from connecting lines
©Includes company's coal.
©Does not include company's coal hauled free.
Note—The Southern railway- hauled 345,899
short tons of bituminous coal during December,
1913, and 4,215.614 short tons during the 12
months ending December, 1913.
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of in­
terest to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAL TKAIU: BULLETIN, by Nesbit & Doolittle,
Patent Attorneys. Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa..
from whom printed copies may lie procured for
15 cents each:
Mine car, J. J. Roby, Cleveland, O.; 1,087,318.
Miner's acetylene lamp, Ulysse Daubresse, Nov-
inger. Mo.; 1,087,654.
Means for uncoupling mine cars, G. P. Payne,
Liberty, N. C; 1,087,976.
Acetylene miner's lamp, \Y. H. Clarkson, Edwards,
111.: 1,088,010.
Acetylene miner's lamp, Joseph Haskins, Catlin,
111.; 1,088,020.
Coal mining pick, Michael Madden, West Frankfort,
111.; 1,088,032.
Mine car wheel construction, H. XV. Sanford,
Knoxville, Tenn.; 1,088,375.
Coal passer for locomotive tenders, (.'. L. Heisler,
Schenectady. X. V.; 1,088,418.
Coal drill bit, A. W. Taylor, Peckville. Pa.;
LOSS,481.
Mine car wheel, W. H. Bines. Barnesville, O.;
LOSS,519.
Rock drilling machine, C. C. Hansen, Easton,
Pa.; 1.08S.9S4.
Lubricator for pit car wheels, Gustave Wein-
schenker, New Alexandria, Pa.; 1,089,169.
Coal leveling machine for bee-hive ovens. Wil­
liam Sangster, Covington, Va.; 1,089,675.
Signal apparatus for mines, A. J. Gurnel, Herrin.
111.; 1,089,763.
Miner's lamp, John Van Liew, Chicago, 111.; 1.o9o,250.
Mine door, .1. K. Orr and L. F. Jones, Zeigler,
111.; 1,(190.562.
Mine dump car. F. M. Underwood, Hastings,
Neb.; 1,091,406.
Self-oiling mine car wheel and axle. W. H.
Bines, Barnesville, O.; 1,091,796.
Coal washing jig, F. L. Boone, Greensboro, Pa.;
1,091,797.
Means for dumping mine cars, H. V. B'rye, Bicknell,
lnd.; 1,091,826.
Igniting device for miners' lamps, Anton Pasierb-
ski, Mnkultschutz, Germany; 1,091,891.
Mine washing apparatus. C. H. Boardman, Columbus.
O.; 1,091,910.
Bank car, W. G. Jenkins, Anita, Pa.; 1,092,055.
The Chesapeake & Ohio canal was thrown open The Alabama Fuel & Iron Co has begun the
for tidewater.
6, and coal shipments have started sinking of another shaft on its property near
Acinar, Ala.

CIRCULAR TO OHIO MINERS.
ACONTINUED FROM PAGE 24)
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
for for many years. You have secured it. by
At a meeting of the district executive board
legislation. Tbe important question now is the
held in Shamokin, Pa., recently District President
fixing of a mine-run price for both pick and ma­
James Matthews announced the division of the
chine niining. The operators of Ohio need not
District 9, United Mine Workers of America, into
deceive themselves, they will not lie permitted
four sub-districts as follows: Sub-district No. 1.
to gain any advantage by closing down their
charge of District Committeemen, George Ritman,
mines. You have not only a mine-run prii e to
with headquarters al Siljver Creek. District
fix and agree upon, but in addition many loi al in­
Xo. 2. in charge of Stiney Geguzis, with headequalities
both as regards prices and conditions
quarters at Mabanoy City. District No. 3, Mich­
of employment, whieli must be adjusted.
ael J. McGrath, with headquarters at Lost Creek.
If a satisfactory settlement of these questions
District Xo. 4, in charge of John Hollister, with
is not reached yvhen you meet in joint conference
headquarters at Shamokin.
with the operatois you have a right to go on strike.
If the policy submitted to you by the policy com­ Upon petition of C. P. Byrne, mine inspector of
mittee for a referendum vote is aiiproved on the Twenty-first bituminous district, the Wash­
April 14, joint conferences yvill no doubt be held ington county, Pa., court lias appointed an exam­
immediately tliereafter yvith the ccal operators ining board consisting of Cliarles P. Byrne, mine
in the different sub-districts of Ohio and a scale inspector, Charleroi; Michael Dooley, a miner,
of wages agreed upon.
Dttnlevy, of 10 years' experience and Harry Drum,
We ask you to lie calm, cool and self-possessed. a superintendent, California.
Do not indulge in intemperate language and abuse.
The Bache-Denman Coal Co., of Fort Smith, Ark.,
By so doing you injure no one as much as your­
whieli operates seven mines in Arkansas and Oklaselves,
and it pleases no one as mm ii as your
homa, recently announced that in tlie future it
enemies. The adoption by local unions ol hasty
would recognize the open-shop principle ancl re­
and ill-advised condemnation resolutions does not
fuse to employ union men exclusively, as il had
settle anything. But instead, such action encour­
done in the past.
ages your opponents and strengthens your enemies.
It injures your cause and serves to deiay The question of raising of the basis of repre­
final action.
sentation in the international convention of tbe
We know there are many operators in Ohio who United Mine Workers, referred to the member­
are willing (o meet your representatives and ship tor a referendum vote was defeated by a ma­
agree upon a scale. In the very* near future no jority of 1,547'L, votes.
doubt a settlement yvill be brought about in a
All tbe coal mine's in Yorkshire, England.
number of sub-districts. Where tlie oiierators
numbering 17,000, bad ".eft the pits April 2. when
refuse to settle, a strike yvill no doubt take place,
the last of the notices to quit work expired. The
until an agreement is reached. While this is
men demand the introduction of a minimum wage
being done, we advise that you be patient, loyal
scale.
union men.
Let us work together, co-operating with each The operators and miners of the Kanawha field
other in protecting and preserving your interests. of West Virginia, or District Xo. 17. U. M. W.,
Regardless of any statements to the contrary, we will meet this date to go into joint conference
assure you we are with you and yvill endorse ancl over the question of a neyv wage scale.
suport to the extent of our ability any strike in
yvhich you may become involved, if sut h action is The annual examination for mine foremen and
deemed wise and necessary.
Fraternally yours,
JOHN P. WHITE. President.
fire boss certificates in the Ninth Bituminous district
of Pennsylvania, will be held at Connellsville,
Pa.. May 5. 6, 7 and 8.
FRANK J. HATES, Vice-President.
WM. GHEEN, Secretary-Treasurer.
The T. J. Phillips Coal Co., a new corporation,
has taken over the property of the Crystal Block
Ccal Co., consisting of a mine and upwards of
2,000 acres of land at Louisa, Ky., on the Chesapeake
& Ohio's Big Sandy line.
LABOR NOTES
The referendum vote of the Illinois Mine Workers
has sanctioned the loan of $150,000 by *be
Illinois miners to the International organization.
Tlie Westmoreland Coal Co. at its annual meeting,
re-elected the three retiring directors, Messia.
T. Wistar Brown. S. Pemberton Hutchinson, and
Louis R. Page.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSIONER
HEARS COMPLAINT AGAINST WABASH
TERMINAL RAILROAD.
Testimony was taken, starting April 6, in the
Federal building, Pittsburgh, before Examiner
George N. Brown, of the Interstate Commerce
commission, in tbe complaint of the Pittsburgh
& Southwestern Coal Co., the Waverly Coal &
Coke Co., the Avella Coal Co. and the Tryor Coal
Co. against the Wabash-Pittsburgh Terminal rail­
way. The complainants are located along the
line of the railway and allege they an- discrimi­
nated against in the matter of freight charges.
They also allege that shippers of coal located along
the line of the West Side Belt railroad, operating
the mines of the Pittsburgli Terminal Railroad &
Coal Co., are offered a less freight rate than the
complainants.
Attorney William S. Moorehead, for tbe com­
plainants, said the larger part of the stock of the
Pittsburgh Terminal Co. is owned by the Wabash-
Pittsburgh Terminal Railway Co. He charged
that 30 cents a ton was charged his clients for all
coal shipped over the roads of the defendants.
Thomas Donohue. president of the Pittsburgh &
Southyvestein Coal Co.. testified that in 1901, be
had been informed that the Wabash-Pittsburgh
Terminal would be built into Pittsburgh and
President Ramsey of the Wabash system toid him
the railroad would welccme the establishment of
mines along the Wabash lines. The witness said
on the strength of that information be organized
a company and opened mines in Washington
county. He identified tariffs of 1904 which showed
that freight rates offered to the witnesses com­
pany were the same as to shippers along tbe West
Side Belt Railroad Co. He testified that a change
in the rate was made in 1905 when the companywas
charged a higher rate. He said his company-
had been hampered by a shortage of cars.
Attorney Moorehead read into the record an
excerpt from another petition on file in the court
to the effect that $14,000,000 worth of the capital
stock of tbe Pittsburgh Terminal Co. was under
the control of the Pittsbui gh-Wabash Terminal
Co.
The complainants attempted to show by Secre­
tary Fred G. Lamb of the Pittsburgh Terminal
Co. the details of a contract between the coal company
and P.. Nichol & Co. of New York, its agents.
Examiner Brown, on objection by* the defendants,
said it was not fair to give the competitors of
Ibe Pittsburgh Terminal Co. such details, but he
allowed to go into the record that coal was handled
by the New York firm directly as agents for the
company.
William R. Turner testified that at one time
during 1913 their tracks were choked with loaded
cars and that they had a hard time getting the
Wabash-Pittsburgh Terminal Co. to take them
away. He said it was a long time before they re­
ceived any cars in return for those yvhich had
been taken away loaded.
Mr. B. S. Hamill. president of the Meadoyvlands
Coal Co.. said it would be advantageous to receive
lates accorded the coal operators along the line
of the West Side Belt Railroad Co. He said that
bis company then would be able to ship over the
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie railroad to markets along
the Xew York Central lines.
General Freight Agent S. P. Woodside of the
railway company, called by the defense, on April
7, identified ancl explained rate schedules of the
railway, which showed that his company actually-
charged less than other railroads for hauling coal
the same distance. According to the schedule
cither railroads charged from 38 to 60 cents per
ton for hauling coal the same distance yvhich the
Wabash-Pittsburgh Terminal Railway Co. charged
the Avella mine owners only 30 cents for.
One of the charges of the complainants is that
they do not receive enough cars at the mines in
Avella. General Manager Brown, in testifying,
said when he became connected with the railway-
he succeeded in having returned about 75 per
cent, of its ears, aid he was able to supply more
ears to the Avella mines than they could use. He
said that in 1913. under a special effort which he
had made, the mines at Avella were able to ship
50 per cent, more coal to the lake ports than they
had the previous year.
J. B. Nessle, general freight agent of the Pitts­
burgli & Lake Erie Railroad Co.. was on the stand
April S, ancl gave testimony regarding the condi­
tions yvhich exist at the interchange point in the
Westend. Pittsburgh, between the Westside Belt
Railroad Co. and the Pittsburgli & Lake Erie Rail­
road Co. This was for the purpose of shoyving
that the latter company could not handle any more
traffic from tbe former railroad than it had been
doing.
Thomas Donohue. president of the Pittsburgh &
Southwestern Coal Co., condemned the system
used by the railway knoyvn as the "hour" system
of distributing cars, and declared all he could find
in the system was a means of hiding discrimina­
tion in favor of the operators located along the
line of the Westside Belt railroad.
The E. S. Gray Colliery Co.. Danville. 111., has
filed a petition in bankruptcy in the Federal court
at that place, giving liabilities of $108,000 and
assets of $16,900. Extraordinary high cost of
production of coal by stripping methods and no
market for tbe product are given as the cause for
the failure.

PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY SUIT AGAINST
ROBBINS ESTATE DECIDED IN FAVOR OF
DEFENDANT.
By a final decree handed down by Washington
county, Pa., court. April 9. the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. loses in its contention that fraud existed in
the deed given by Francis L. Robbins, deceased,
former president of the company, transferring 90
acres of coal underlying the Washington fair
grounds at Arderi.
The company brought action against VV. Ham­
ilton Brunt, executor; Mrs. Helen Gill Robbins,
Virgil M. McDowell and James I). Hind. Robbins
became owner of the coal in 1900. On Jan. 5,
1911, he and his wife conveyed it to .McDowell.
At that time Robbins owed the Pittsburgh Coai
Co. about $300,000. lie and his wife had sepa­
rated previous to the conveyance of the deed and
Mr. Robbins owed Mrs. Robbins $5,000. He also
owed the law firm of Donnans, Brownson & Miller,
of Washington, $1,000, and Hurd $5,000. It was
agreed in the conveyance to McDowell that he pay
these claims out of money raised on a mortgage
on the eoal transferred.
The coal company in its action against those
interested raised tlie contention tlie deed to tbe
coal had been transferred yvith the idea of de­
frauding the coal company* in its claim against
its former president. The court finds that Mc­
Dowell by reason of his failure to deliver the
mortgage required by the contract and by failing
to pay the $11,000 consideration money that the
mortgage was given to secure now holds tbe legal
title to the property in trust to pay tiie sums
named to the various creditors designated by Mr.
Robbins in his agreement at the time ol the trans­
fer. The court's order also provides for a sale
of the coal for an amount sufficient to pay the
$11,000 with interest. Should the Pittsburgli
Coal Co. pay tbe claims of Mrs. Robbins, Hurd ancl
tbe law firm before tbe date fixed foi- the sale,
then the Pittsburgh Coal Co. shall receive a deed
for the coal free of all encumbrances.
ANTHRACITE SECTION OF AMERICAN IN­
STITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS ELECT
OFFICERS.
At a meeting last week of the Anthracite Sec­
tion of the American Institute of Mining Engi­
neers, R. V. Norris of Wilkes-Barre yvas elected
president, and four vice presidents were also
elected, each of whom is to have general direc­
tion of the section's activities in one of the coal
fields: W. J. Richards, vice president and gen­
eral manager of the Philadelphia & Reading Coal
& Iron Co., is to have general direction for the
southern coal field: Edward Ludlow, vice presi­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
dent and general manager of the Lehigh Coal &
Navigation Co., for the middle coal field; Arthur
Storrs, milling and consulting engineer, lor the
Lackawanna Valley, and C. F. Huber. vice presi
dent and general manager of the Lehigh & Wilkes-
Barre Coal Co.. for the Wyoming valley. Charles
Enzian, mining engineer and the government reii­
resentative of the I'nited States Bureau of Mines
in tlie anthracite fields, was elected secretarytreasurer.
An executive committee was formed, consist­
ing of Frank Hill, a eoal operator; R. A. Quin.
vice president and general manager of the Sus­
quehanna Coal Co.; Rufus Foster; A. B. Jessup.
vice president and general manager of the G. B.
Markle Co.; D. Bunting, chief engineer of the
Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co., and .1. M. Humph­
rey, mining engineer of tbe Lehigh Valley Coal
Co.
A request from the president of Pennsylvania
State college was read, asking that three dele­
gates be appointed by the society to vote at the
annual election for trustee of that institution.
The appointment of delegates yvas left to the
president and secretary-treasurer.
Douglas Bunting was elected chairman of the
< ommittee to select the subject for discussion at
tbe next meeting. The committee selected "The
Limits of Mining Under Heavy Wash," ancl J. M.
Humphrey will also read a special paper on strip-
pings. Tbe meeting will be held May 9, at
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
COAL LAND SALES FROM RECORDS
A deed was filed in tlie Greene county, Pa.,
courts April 3 in which Josiah V. Thompson of
Uniontown transfers 8,000 acres of coal land in
Perry township to the St. Paul Coal Co. of Pitts­
burgh. This is the coal that yvas reported as
iieing sold by Mr. Thompson to H. C. Frick. The
consideration is given as $1. The deed is in
book form and covers 205 pages and includes the
eoal underlying 149 tracts of land in the astern
party of Perry township. At the time of filing
the deed a mortgage was filed for record. The
mortgage is for $1,165,000 and covers the coal
lands named in the deed. Tbe St. Paul Co.
recently received its charter of incorporation.
The names of stockholders contained in the char­
ter are Allen T. C. Gordon, Alexander Black, Miles
H. English, John C. Buchanan, all of Pittsburgh.
Karl F. Overholt signed the mortgage as president
ancl Frank W. McElroy as secretary.
Isaac Semons of Uniontown, Pa., has sold to
H. A. Davis of Pittsburgh 84 acres of coal near
Clarksville, Greene county, Pa., for $81,400.

58
PENNSYLVANIA BITUMINOUS PRODUCTION.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 26)
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
1913. 1912.
Grampian Coal Mining Co... 149,782 173,873
Springfield Coal Mining Co. 148,365 148,976
Century Coke Co 147,615 181,990
H. K. Wick & Co., Inc 147,179 131,839
Grassy Run Coal Co 145,618 133,471
Shade Coal Mining Co 143,512 149.832
Potts Run Land Co 143,459 116,190
Dayton Coal Co 143.307 50,718
Dixon Coal Co 142,23S 144,234
Atlantic Coal Co 141,561 133,469
Samuel Sherwin 141,417 112,195
Scalp Level Coal Mining Co.. 140,000 60,550
Mt. Hope Coke Co 139,989 143,267
Reading Iron Co 138,330 164,711
Conemaugh Coal Co 137,845 125,018
North Penn Coal Co 137,330
Sunnyside Coal Co 137,194 152,871
Colonial Iron Co 136,831 133,879
Cymbria Coal Co 133.900 108,250
Buckingham Coal Mining Co. 133,384 31,678
Glen White Coal & Lumber
Co 132,399 99,245
West Penn Coal Mining Co.. 132,058 106,550
Mitchell-Watson Coal Co.... 131,170 90,110
J. Blair Kennedy 130,907 114,913
Carnwath Coal Co 130,795 101,064
Lacolie Coal Mining Co.... 129,761 34.003
Lilly Coal Co. and VV. H.
Hughes 128,715 108,948
Citizens Coa] Co 128,63S 111.7,82
State Line Coal Co 127,520 123,213
Isabella Connellsville Coke
Co 126,390 60,293
United Connellsville Coke Co. 125.269 119,487
Pryor Coal Co 123,504 50,197
Oak Ridge Coal & Coke Co.. 120,736 65,786
Crucible Coal Co 120,126 28,680
U. S. Sewer Pipe Co 120,000 81,636
Hillsdale Coal & Coke Co... 117.207 62,554
Charles XV. Braznell 116,642 95,991
Bowersville Coal Co 116,454 90,463
Urey Ridge Coal Co 114.256 86,205
Smokeless Coal Co 113,581 59,415
Brown & Cochran 113,41 8 273,336
Tunnell Smokeless Coal Co.. 112.997
South Fork Coal Mining Co. 112,178 68,216
Ollett Bros 112,174 77,028
Claire Coke Co 111,866 103,768
Union Connellsville Coke Co. 111,248 124,832
W. B. Skelly Coal Co 110.002 82,945
Hustead-Semans Coal & Coke
Co 109,806 112,698
Butts Cannel Coal Co 109,636 123,238
Allegheny Coal & Coke Co.. 109,460 99,348
Howard Gas Coal Co 109,301 97,589
1913.
S. Hegarty's Sons 108,940
McKnight Coal Co 108,159
South Fayette Coke Co 106,862
Avella Coal Co 106,179
Armstrong County Coal Co. 104,882
Ashman Coal Co 104,367
John Langdon 103,315
Victoria Coal Mining Co.... 103,039
Pittsburgh & Southwestern
Coal Co 102,200
Summit Coal Mining Co... 101,735
Enterprise Coal Co 101,684
McKeefrey Coal Co 101,260
Townsend Coal Co 101,253
Estep Bros. Coal Mining Co. 101,141
Falls Creek Coal Co 101,069
Lochrie Bros. Coal Co 98.000
Paulton Coal Mining Co 96,758
McConnell Coal Co 96,370
Maher Coal & Coke Co 95.913
Kerr Coal Co 95,267
Goshen Coal Co 93,538
Raridan Coal Co 92,383
Brownfield-Connellsville Coke
Co 92,330
Monterey Coal Co 92,157
Pardoe Coal Co 92,064
Stewart Coal Co 91,919
Plymouth Coal Mining Co.. 91.035
Westerman-Filer Co 90,874
Etna Connellsville Coke Co.. 90.75S
Thos. McGlynn 90.467
Apollo Coal Co 89,882
Ligonier-Diamond Coal &
Coke Co 89,816
Widnoon Coal Mining Co... 89,672
Clarion Coal Mining Co 89,431
XV. A. Gould & Bro 89,339
Dunbar Furnace Co 88,178
Export Coal Co 88,055
J. E. Home & Co 86,356
Evans Coal & Coke Co 85,968
Dalliba Coal Co 85,833
Ben Franklin Coal Co 84.877
Osceola Coal Co 84.842
Irish Bros. Coal Co 84,645
Betz Coal Mining Co 84,542
Penfield Coal & Coke Co S3.629
St. Clair Coal Co 83.210
Steyvart Iron Co., Ltd 83,124
Graff Coal Co 82,237
F. A. Mizener 82,048
Lenox Coal Co 81,977
Glenyvood Coal Co 81,370
Rich Hill Coke Co 79,579
Conemaugh Valley Coal Min­
ing Co 78,902
1912.
93,744
63,507
87,666
82,228
112,145
SI,251
94,030
110,552
101,000
144,454
87,226
81,961
79,784
102,150
84,249
95,000
107,129
61,369
74,567
72,157
83,145
80,973
97,230
120,899
80,308
69,108
130,946
70,736
73,426
95,046
83,073
72,321
84,249
93,711
77,121
63,289
67.992
50,205
116,952
103,029
80.028
80,643
3,755
37,024
87,102
21,940
71,565
85,841

Adamsburg Gas Coal Co
S. A. Rinn & Co
McDonald Coal Co
Geo. W. Gumbert
XV. A. Marshall & Co
Veteran Coke Co
E. Eichelberger & Co
Leechburg Coal & Coke Co. .
W. J. Parshall
Broad Top Coal & Mineral
Co
Banning Connellsville Coke
Co
Chestnut Ridge Coal Mining
Co
Aladdin Coal & Coke Co
Leland Coal Mining Co
Gilmore Coke Co
Meyersdale Fuel Co
Ramsey Coal Co., Inc
Pennsylvania Smokeless Coal
Co
Pine Run Coal Co
Unity-Connellsville Coke Co.
Atherton-Barnes Co
Hedstrom Coal Mining Co.. .
Atlas Coal Co
Coal Run Mining Co
Clark Bros. Coal Mining Co.
Mutual Coal Mining Co
Oak Ridge Mining Co
Haddon Coal Co
Reed Colliery Co
Nineveh Coal & Coke Co.. . .
Unity Coal Co
Guion Coal Co
Gilpin Coal Co
Logansport Coal Co
Lucesco Coal Co
Bear Run Coal & Coke Co..
E. R. Weise Coal Co
Rummel Coal Co
Lochrie Coal Co
Juniata Coal Co
Blairsville Coke Co
Bowman Coal Co
W. J. Steen Coal Co
Kato Coal Co
Penker Coal Co
Thos. J. Lee
Trout Run Coal Mining Co.
Bellevernon Coke Co
Chestnut Ridge Coal Co...
Dent's Run Mining Co
Hugh McHugh Coal Co
Michael Burns
Hughes & Co
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
1913.
78,093
76,353
75,825
75,539
75,418
75,370
74,988
74,970
74,272
73,903
72,652
71,880
71,521
71.189
70.100
69,834
67,879
67,824
67,668
67,551
67,512
67,502
66,584
66,352
66,096
65,302
65,065
64,710
64,550
63,985
63,439
63,078
62,064
62.002
61.379
61,272
61,197
60,025
60,000
59,600
59,435
59,364
58,833
58,655
58,448
58,420
58,390
57,938
57,875
57,043
56,623
56,620
56,550
1912.
96.S12
110,795
59,067
34,461
61,029
46,117
91,681
77,352
82,500
61,064
74,694
48,981
67,628
57,60o
48,598
12,972
70,910
70,338
75,422
44,769
702
71,912
64,302
35,774
57,628
10,100
71,269
56,238
48,255
47,034
3 4.310
60,970
84,000
68,348
109,000
59,300
55,403
72,509
61,400
19,641
39,903
35,143
40,709
03,058
81,227
36,404
15,325
1913. 1912.
Monarch Coal Co 56,200 56,240
Leesburg Coal Co 56,130 51,388
Standard Quemahoning Coal
Co 56,000 52,991
Quemahoning Creek Coal Co. 55,431 34,512
Blain Run Coal Co 55,103 62,000
Randolph Coal Co 54,983 53,271
F. J. Denham & Co 54,919 38,576
Grove Coal Co 54,581 9_,401
Huntingdon Coal Co 53,859 58,050
Du-Shan Coal Co 53,738 12,200
Valley Coal Co 53,386 52,225
Woodland Coal ,6: Coke Co.. 53,202 31,871
Clearfield Collieries Co 51,172 84,060
Butler Junction Coal Co 50,854 48,834
Rice's Landing Coal & Coke
Co 50,786
Harbison-Walker Refractories
Co 50,784 52.137
James H. Hoover 50,000 53,550
Plumer Coke Co 50,000 45,100
281 companies producing less
than 50,000 tons each 6,118,664 5,101,308
87 companies not appearing
in 1913 reports 2,169,963
Totals 173,384,262 160,973,428
• INDUSTRIAL NOTES •
-i*i~~~——~~-~-~~,_-_-_-_„_---„ IAL
The Link-Belt Co., manufacturers of the Link-
Belt silent chain diive for the transmission of
power, elevating and conveying machinery, loco­
motive cranes, power house conveyors for coal,
ashes, etc., announces the opening of an office in
Detroit, Mich.. Room 911, Dime Bank building.
.Mr. L. XV. Longan, formerly connected with Chicago
ancl Indianapolis works of the Link-Belt
Co., has been placed in charge.
Leschen's Hercules, for April, published by the
A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co., St. Louis, Mo., has
as one of its principal articles a description of
the method of unloading vessels at Nome, Alaska.
and also shows the use of Hercules rope in con­
structing a Pittsburgh department store building.
GOODNESS ML.
Mary had a new sheath gown,
It yvas split almost in half;
Who gives a d for Mary's lamb
When we can see her calf.
—Exchange.
The Pond Creek Coal Co., Herrin, 111., has filed
a certificate announcing an increase in its capi­
tal from $15,000 to $90,000.

60
CHINESE COAL AND CONCESSIONS.
U. S. Consul General Thomas Sammons, sta­
tioned at Shanghai, in reporting* on the mines
and minerals of China, says of the coal and coal
mines:
The provinces contributing most heavily to the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
present coal output, estimated at 9,000,000 to 13,-
000,000 tons a year, are Chihli, the Manchurian
provinces, Shansi, Shantung. Honan, Kiangsi, and
Hunan. Of foreign concessions, the principal are
those of the Peking Syndicate (Ltd.), British.
operating mines at Chinghuachen, Honan (head
China office, Tientsin); the Shantung Mining Co
( Schantuiig Bergbau Gasellschaft), German, oper­
ating in Shantung (offices at Tsingtau); and the
South Manchuria Railway Co., Japanese, operating
tbe Fushan Collieries in .Manchuria (head office,
Mining Department. Darien, Manchuria).
Of joint Chinese and foreign concessions, the
most important is tlie Kailan Mining Administra­
tion (a combination of tbe Chinese Engineering &
Mining Co.. British, and the Lanchow Mining Co.)
Chinese. This administration operates very im­
portant collieries in the Kaiping basin; head office,
Tientsin.
The following joint concessions are also noted
in the China Year-book, 1913:
Mentoukou Colliery (Anglo-Chinese). Owned by
the Tung Hsing Sino-Foreign Coal .Mining Co.
(Ltd.). and financed with Chinese and foreign capi­
tal. Development hindered by disputes as to
ownership. Doney & Co.. Tientsin, agents.
Chingsing Collieries, Chihli. Owned by a Sino-
German company and the Chinese government.
German engineers.
Tin- following is a list, from the same source,
of Chinese coal mines with foreign machinery:
Pao Chin Collieries, Pingtingchou, Shanso. Own­
ers, the Pao Chin Mining Co. of Shansi.
To Li Mines, owned by a Chinese syndicate.
On Peking-Hankow railway.
!Y0UCAN'T;;W_
C A N get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
j Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
) Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
Lin Cheng mines, on Peking-Hankow railway.
Chinese company; Chinese co-manager and engi­
neer, and Belgian managing engineer.
Pinghsiang mines, Kiangsi, owned by the Han-
yehping Iron « Coal Co. (Hanyang Iron WorksJ,
Hankow.
Tan Shan Wan coal mine, Hupeh. Owned by
Hupeh provincial government.
Poshan mines. Shantung. Chinese company.
lung Wang Tung mines, near Chungking, Szech-
wan. Owned by Chiang Ho Mining Co. (Chinese).
Organization of coal mine operators so that
they may agree on prices, was advocated by John
-Mitchell, former head of the United Mine Work­
ers, at a hearing before the Federal Commission
on Industrial Relations in Washington, D. C,
April 6. He urged that the government should
have supervision of tlie organization, ancl said
that 40 per cent, of all the coal mined in the
United States was wasted because the operators
i ould not dispose of it at a profit.
Haulage Engine
lo x 12 Double Cylinder, Double Drum. Built
by tbe Exeter Machine Co. 1907. Excellent con­
dition. Loyv price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT CO.,
31 15 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Wanted—Situation.
Man (age thirty) fifteen years in general offices
of large Bituminous coal corporation, at present
assistant head bookkeeper, general knowledge of
accounting; would like to make a change.
Address P. L., care "THE COAL TKAOE BULLETIN.
FOR SALE.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
coal land in fee. Seven hundred and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Sit­
uated on the Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & O. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily produce
fifty (50,000) thousand tons per month. Price.
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dollars.
($150,000 cash, and balance to suit @ 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PEALE, PEACOCK fl KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
E ^STTRFO U S PATCNrOFfl C
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.
61

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINE CARS
42 inch gauge: 3000 to 4000 pounds capacity
Good Condition. Low Price.
THE L A. GREEN EQUIPMENT COMPANY,
3145 Penn Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed.
wants position. Best references.
Box 6S5, Barnesboro, Pa.
For Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-15
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUR, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes- up to six feet In diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, In
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see It, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania ancl New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. E.MERICK, Easton, Pa.
FOR SALE
Field of 2,000 acres of Coal in one block in
Westmoreland Co., comprising the Freeports E.
& D. also the Kittannings C. & B.
The E. & C. are being operated and open for
inspection. I will forward upon request Analysis
of E. & C. to parties interested.
A branch line of the P. R. R. runs three-quarters
of a mile on the surface, making easy access
for shipping. It is a conservative estimate that
1,500 acres can be taken out to the rise by drift
with self-drainage. Address
E. B. HORN,
436 Linden Avenue, Johnstown, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

NEW ENTERPRISES
Delmont Gas Coal Co., Greensburg, Pa.; capital,
$200,000; incorporators, Ezra M. Gross, J. IL Gallagher
and T. G. Taylor, Greensburg-.
Union Collieries Co., Pittsburgh; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, E. A. Martin, Dravosburg; T. F.
Soles, McKeesport; L. J. Brown, Pittsburgh.
Lydick Coal Co.. Indiana, Pa.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, T. B. Streams, F. L. Neff, E. I.
Barry, Indiana; James B. Phelan, Punxsutawney.
Premier Products Co., Bowling Green, Ky.;
capital. $300,000; incorporators, Arthur Cobb, F.
C. Mills, B. T. Calaway, and F. E. Hanson, all of
Cleveland, O.
Blair Coal Co., Youngstown. O.; capital, $S,500;
incorporators, W. E. Beadling, L. W. Buehler.
Allan Williams. J. R. Rowlands and P. B. Shook,
all of Youngstown.
Michigan-West Virginia Land & Mining Co.,
Wilmington, Del.; capital, $100,000; incorporators,
Herbert E. Latter, W. J. Maloney, Oscar Reichard,
all of Wilmington, Del.
Fairmont Lincoln Coal Co., Fairmont. W. Va.;
capital, $150,000; incoriiorators, C. H. Waggener,
John G. Richard, Carl Riggs, Charles Evans and
W. S. Black, all of Fairmont.
Oil Lick Run Coal & Coke Co., Palmer, W. Va.;
capital, $500,000; incoriiorators. B. L. Hitt, of
Wilkes-Barre. Pa.; L-. O. Knipp, of Plymouth. Pa.,
and J. A. Ballanger, of Mullica, Pa.
Canal Export Coal Co., Birmingham, Ala.;
capital, $300,000: incorporators. R. H. Elliott.
Birmingham; E. P. Kimbrough, Greensboro, Ala.,
and W. C. Lovejoy of Montgomery, Ala.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
Carbondale Coal Co., Carbondale, Pa.; capital,
$2fi,00ii; incorporators, H. P. Mellet, Scranton,
Pa.; John F. Flannelly, Dunmore, Pa.; John J.
Boland, 2:::, Walnut street, Dunmore, Pa.
Warrior Coal Co., of Warrior. W. Va.; capital,
$100,000; incorporators, H. E. Harman, Tazewell,
Va.; W. 'I'. Williams, .1. T. Wilson, Bluefield, W.
Va.; George .Morrow, Charleston, W. Va.
Chime Coal Co.. Craig. 111.; capital, $00,000;
incorporators, W. E. Heiple, T. M. Brown and
A. M. Graham, Mike Chappel, George W. Falmlee,
Dolph Jones and W. D. Williams, all of Craig.
1 itz-Smith Coal Co., Huntington, W. Va.; capital,
$lii,uiiii; iucorporators, A. L. I.itz, Tazewell.
Va.: R. R. Smith. Huntington. W. Va.: .1. P. Agee,
J. G. .McGuire and W. T. Spicer, of Logan, West
Virginia.
Representative Langley of Kentucky will shortly
introduce a bill in Congress appropriating $50,-
000 for establishing a rescue station at Jenkins,
Ky., under the auspices of the Bureau of Mines.
THE J. B. SANBORN CO. I
C Special Mercantile Agency >
^ rom THI £
COAL TRADE.
PUBLISHERS OF
The Coal Dealers' Blue Book I
Contains a Complete List for the United \
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«„.. _ •,J, Rool __« „ .. 1438 SO. PENN SQUARE. :
550 Monon Building. 440 Dearborn St., _„.. ,__. _„..
CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
FAMOUj
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"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
PENNSYLVANIA.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
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MANUFACTURERS AND SHIPPERS
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ANALYSIS : \
Moisture i.53 BEST FOR STEAM AND
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\ Fixed Carbon - - - - 56.34 DOMESTIC USES
t Ash . . . . . . 6.17 " •
I Sulphur 1.79
| B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3 ° ffices : I 3 I 5 Park Building, PITTSBURGH.
j Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, _ ,, _,
I Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist. BeU Ph ° neS * Gr * nt 1822-1823-1824

______ / ^ he -_____.
GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, MAY 1, 1914 No. 11
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN;
PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1914, by THE COAL TRADE COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STRAUB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondence and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TKADE BULLETIN,
9_6-'J30 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
[Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mail Matter.]
PRACTICAL STAGNATION CONTINTJ.ES IN THE COAL
TRADE at this writing, with only slight encour­
aging signs showing here and there of better
things to come. Prices continue to hang at list
figures, but the movement of coal is slow and this
fact is conducive to little movement in prices.
Of course, the wage scale negotiations now going
on in the different districts have something to do
with the conditions that obtain in the trade and
probably will continue to bold sway until some­
thing definite is done along tbe line of settlement.
Operators do not know just what their coal will
cost them until the wage question is settled, and
are, therefore, not particularly anxious to get out
a large tonnage with the knowledge that they may
lose on it when wage conditions finally are dis­
posed of.
There is some coal going forward to the lower
lake ports, but it is in such small amounts that
it almost is negligible and this phase of the trade
probably will not enter into activity until later
in the present month, if it does not even drag
over into June.
Mines throughout tbe country are working iu
but small numbers. In some of the larger fields
the shut-down is almost complete, and in others
probably 10 per cent, will cover the total opera­
tions, while in some few fields it will run a little
higher. The bare fact of this is shown by the dry coke.
huge increase in the number of idle cars reported
in the latest bulletin of tlie railway association.
In the Pittsburgh district tlie operation of the
mines is on a decidedly small scale, and the trade
practically is stagnant, with demand not at all
strong. Some mines are operating but these
mostly are mines owned by the large corporations
that supply tbeir own fuel needs, and those that
have contracts which call for steady tonnage.
There is but little coal going forward from tbe
district to lower lake ports, and, like otlier dis­
tricts, this one will see a late start in this branch
of the trade this season. With tbe number of
mines idle, and the small demand, producers are
not making any attempt to do anything in the
way of prices save hold them at card rates, which
is being successfully accomplished, and which
are: $1.30 to $1.10 for run-of-mine coal; $1,40 to
$1.50 for three-quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for
inch and one-quaiter coal, with slack at SO to 90
cents.
The coke manufacturers have run into a slump
in production that may continue for some weeks,
at least. The last report shows a decrease in
weekly tonnage, and the news of the shutting
down of furnaces during the last few days of
April is not likely to bring about anything but
continued curtailment in tbe tonnage manufac­
tured. In this the coke men have learned wis­
dom and when demand shows a falling off tbey
do not hesitate to curtail the production. The
result is that they had but little, if any difficulty
in maintaining the prices tbey have fixed as the
minimum. While tbe tonnage last reported is
less than that of several preceding weeks, yet it
is far above that of tbe opening of the year, show­
ing that the demand lias not fallen off as much
as has been the case in the bituminous branch ot
the trade. Coke manufacturers are holding their
product firm at card figures, which are: $2.50 to
$2.75 for furnace coke and $3.50 to $3.75 for foun

20 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The anthracite branch of the trade is moving
along in the even tenor of its way, with little ot
moment to note. Tonnage is at a fairly satis
factory stage, and the demand is about the average
for this time of year. Effective this date 10 cents
has been addel to tbe price of anthracite, this
being the first advance under the usual practice of
this branch of the trade.
• * •
WEST VIRGINIA HAS HAD IHE SECOND LARGEST .MINE
DISASTER in its history during the past few days.
Practically 200 lives bave been snuffed out, and
at this date tbe mine rescuers are still making
an effort to reach the interior of the mines in
order to rescue any that may be alive or recover
the bodies of the dead. It is too early even to
hazard a guess at tbe cause of the explosion that
occurred, but both tbe federal and slate mining
authorities may be depended on to sift tbe matter
thoroughly. One pbase of the disaster that will
be watched by the trade is the operation of the
workmen's compensation law, which will have ils
first application in a large degree following the
clearing up of the mine. Individual cases under
this new law have been decided, but this will be
the first time the trustees will be called upon to
act on a large number of cases.
* * *
FEDERAL IROOPS .NOW CONTROL THE .MI.NI.NO MITUA-
TION I.N COLORADO, and it is likely that the rioting
that has been going on there for several months
will come to a speedy end. something which is
desirable. Federal mediators also are said to be
on their way to the strike district to endeavor to
bring about some solution of the troubles, but if
tbeir efforts do not prove more efficacious than
they were some months since, there is little use in
going. In tbe meantime the special session of
the Colorado legislature will be awaited with in­
terest as it has been called especially to deal with
the present situation.
* * *
IN THE DEATH OE MIS. GEORGE F. BAEK the coai
trade has lost one of its prominent men. While
bis training primarily was that of a legal nature,
bis greatest work was done in connection with
the coal trade and tbe railroad situation. Head
of the largest anthracite producing corporation
and likewise head of the railroad that handled its
product, he was the dominating factor in the an­
thracite field and his counsel was sought when­
ever anything of moment concerning that field
was under consideration. Tbe breadth of his
work was best demonstrated in the plan of action
evolved following Ibe order of the U. S. courts
that there must be a divorcing of the railroad and
coal interests of the companies he was connected
with in an official capacity. His plan proved
acceptable to the government and was adopted.
Incidentally Mr. Baer was interested in many
other lines than that of coal and railroading.
LONG WALL BRUSHINGS 1:1
The entire coal trade joins in the "watchful,
waiting" game that is being played in wage nego­
tiations. In fact, to some of the trade it greatly
resembles the old "15" puzzle.
* * *
With Uncle Sam's troops in Colorado, rioters
wiil get some new ideas driven into their heads
about the futility of "butting their heads into a
stone wall."
« * •
The mine workers by their vote evidently con­
cluded that the policy committee of their organi­
zation knew a thing or two worth while.
* . *
Ohio operators aren't afraid to say what they
think about the anti-screen law if their brief be­
fore the federal court goes for anything.
* * *
May day is here, but it hasn't brought much in
the way of a celebrating- spirit to the coal trade.
* * *
"How is the trade?" you ask an operator.
"There ain't no such thing." he replies instanter.
Prof. R. H. Fernald. of the University of Penn­
sylvania, Philadelphia, has been appointed a consulting
engineer of the U. S. Bureau of Mines by
Secretary of the Interior Lane. Prof. Fernald
will visit Europe to investigate improvements in
gas producers.
The Norfolk & Western Railroad is replacing its
100-ton scale in the Bluefield, W. Va., yard with
one of 200 tons capacity, the change being made
necessary because of the introduction of its 90-ton
coal cars.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 21
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA REACHES WAGE SETTLEMENT—INDIANA,
ILLINOIS AND WEST VIRGINIA STILL DICKERING—
OHIO DEADLOCKED
The action of the policy committee of the United
Mine Workers of America, in recommending
that the miners of the different districts remain at
work and that the different districts endeavor to
adjust their wage scales by districts, was approved
by the referendum vote of the United Mine Workers,
according to an official announcement made
at the headquarters of the union April 25.
The vote, as computed by the international tellers,
was 89,524 in favor of the recommendation
and 52,076_ in opposition to it, the majority in
support of the recommendation being 37.447i votes.
Immediately following the announcement of the
referendum vote, a circular letter was sent out to
the members of the organization urging them to
pay their assessments as soon as possible.
UP TO REFERENDUM IN CENTRAL
PENNSYLVANIA.
The wage scale question is up to a referendum
in the Central Pennsylvania or No. 2 district, this
referendum to be taken May 4, and the vote to
be in the district headquarters May G.
The mine workers' officials of the district requested
that the operators meet with them in
Clearfield, April 24, to discuss the wage scale and
endeavor to arrange for a settlement. This meeting
lasted two days, the miners presenting several
propositions, including the one relative to
the pushing of cars, but the operators voted to
refuse all of the demands of the men.
In return tbey offered the miners the 1912 scale,
and after a lengthy session April 25, tbis was
adopted, subject to the referendum vote of the
miners of the district. The agreement is to be
for two years, and is to become effective if approved
by the membership of the union. The
final signing of the scale will depend on the result
of the vote.
Following the agreement of the two scale committees,
some of the mines of the district opened,
but with curtailed forces, as many of the men
will not go back to work until tbe final decision
is reached on the wage scale.
ILLINOIS STILL NEGOTIATING.
Illinois operators and mine workers are still negotiating
over tbe wage scale, and tbe mine workers
have called their state convention to reconvene
today (April 30). These are the big points
in the situation in that state.
The joint conference of the operators and the
miners has been in session practically ever since
tbe middle of April, and many of the points at
issue have been settled, but tbe main ones, the
wage scale for tbe three southern counties, the
yardage rate, and the arbitration question remain
open.
On the first mentioned question the miners demand
an increase of 4 cents per ton, which the
operators refuse to grant.
The uniform rate for machine yardage is one
that is causing discussion. The present rate
varies from $1.30 to $1.92, and the miners demand
that it shall be $1.92 in all the fields of the
state.
The arbitration question also is open, the miners'
committee itself being divided on tbe advisability
of adopting it, the vote being a tie.
The arbitration board proposed would consist
of one member appointed by the operators, another
by the miners and three to be named by
Dr. J. A. Holmes, director of the V. S. Bureau of
Mines, the board to be a permanent one.
These three important questions, therefore, are
to be settled.
The powder question has been settled, the old
price to prevail. The union label item of this
demand has been disposed of by the operators
agreeing "not to discriminate against any manufacturer."
The issues yet remaining to be settled are in
tbe bands of the following sub-committee: For
the operators: Illinois Coal Operators' association.
A. J. Mooreshead, W. L. Schmick, E. T. Bent;
Fifth and Ninth District association, L. F. Lumaghi,
H. T. Perry; Third District association, George
Wood. For the mineis: Duncan McDonald,
James Lord, Harry Fishwash, Thomas J. Hitchings,
Jos. Jeffreys, Evan Evans, Joseph Pope f exofficio,
being the miners' president).
Just what bearing the reconvened session of the
miners' convention will have on the wage negotiations
remains to be seen. It is reported that
the convention, when it assembles today (April
30) will have as one of its slated actions the
deposition of President Joseph Pope. This naturally
will elevate Vice President Adolph Germer,
and will put the radical element in control of the
organization.
April 28 the operators issued their ultimatum
to the miners. Tbey absolutely refuse the four
per cent, increase the miners are demanding in
the Southern field and also refuse to submit any
dispute to sub-district conventions for settlement

22 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
except the operators and miners in that district
agree upon the plan.
One prominent operator is quoted as having
said that the conference would leach an agice­
ment during the present week, or there will be a
break off, and that if the latter comes, Interna­
tional President John P. White will be asked to
aid in arriving at some settlement.
In the meantime not over 10 per cent, of Illi­
nois mines are working, despite the fact that the
men voted to remain at work and that they have
been asked to do so by their officers.
OHIO IS DEADLOCKED.
The wage scale negotiations in Ohio are in a
deadlock, and the prospects are that little to break
the deadlock will be done until the suit of the
operators to test the validity of the anti-screen
law is determined, although subdistrict settle­
ments have been authorized by the mine workers'
officials.
As the outcome of the Ohio wage negotiations
depends largely on the anti-screen bill, the action
taken by the operators to test its constitutionality
must needs be a part of the record covering the
negotiations.
April 10, the Rail & River Coal Co., Mr. \V. R.
Woodford, president, entered suit in the U. S.
District court in Toledo against the Industrial
Commission of Ohio, praying for a perpetual in­
junction to prevent the commission from enforcing
the anti-screen law.
Perpetual injunction is asked in the petition
filed by Hoyt, Dustin, Kelley, McKeehan & An­
drews, who represent the Rail & River Coal Co.,
which was selected by Ohio operators to bring
the action. In its petition the coal company as­
serts it owns almost 32,ot)0 acres of coal land in
Ohio uiion which are situated mines employing
2,000 persons and produces 2.SOO mine car loads
of coal per day, ,600 tons. It charges that were
these mines to be operated one day in violation
of the screen coal law, the minimum fines would
amount to $800,000. It also is set forth that
there are 600 mines in Ohio employing 45,000
miners and that the screen coal law has prevented
tbe renewal of the working contract for the en­
suing two years.
Wallace D. Yaple, Chillicothe, chairman; Mat­
thew B. Hammond, Columbus, vice-chairman, and
Thomas J. Duffy, East Liverpool, tbe Industrial
Commission of Ohio, are made defendants. Tbe
Rail & River Coal Co. prays not only that these
men be restrained from enforcing the screen coal
law, but also that they be restrained from enter­
ing the premises of the company to make investi­
gations authorized by the law, from bringing court
action to enforce the law, or to prescribe either
the amount of fine coal to be produced or the
amount of impurities permissible in a ton of
mined coal when the rules are for the purpose of
forming a basis for wage contracts or payment to
miners.
The specific charges upon which the plea for a
perpetual injunction is based are that it delegates
legislative powers to the commission and vioiates
Article 14 of the United States constitution, which
provides that "No state shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the privileges or im­
munities of citizens of the LTnited States; nor
shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty
or property without due process of law."
It is charged the authority of the commission
under the law and the enforcement of the law
would violate this constitutional protection in:
"That it deprives the coal company of the lib­
erty of contract and takes property without due
process of law.
"That in conferring authority on the commission
to determine for each operator and miner the
percentage of impurities unavoidable in mining
coal, it thus deprives miner and operator of the
right to bargain for the quality of coal produced.
"That by conferring on the commission author­
ity to prescribe the percentage of fine coal and
impurities to be taken from the mine and pre­
scribing penalties for violations of the rules, it
constitutes unwarranted interference with the
rights and liberties of niiners and operators.
"That it is not within the police powers of the
state.
"That the penalties and fines prescribed in the
act are so extreme and cumulative as to deter and
prevent any person, firm or corporation from challenging
the validity of the act."
Whatever the action of the court, an appeal
will be taken directly to the Supreme Court of the
United States.
April 20 the Ohio mine workers met in special
convention to take up the new wage scale nego­
tiations. The convention determined to stand
by the run-of-mine basis of payment, and the fol­
lowing scale committee to confer with the opera­
tors was named: Samuel Snyder of Athens and
George Brahhigan of Longstreth sub-district No.
1 : Thomas Thomas and L. D. Davis, Pomeroy,
sub-district No. 2: William F. Lincks of Akron
and Leopold Lirquin of New Philadelphia, subdistrict
No. 3; James Starkey and John Saxton,
sub-district No. 4; C. .1. Albasin, Bridgeport, and
Joseph Johnson, Klee, sub-district No. 5; Will C.
Thompson, Cambridge, and Thomas MaeFarlane,
Robbins, sub-district No. 6. With these are
President John Moore. Vice President Lee Hall
and Secretary-Treasurer G. XV. Savage.
(CONTINUEn ON PAGE 42)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT RULES
AGAINST H. C. FRICK COKE COMPANY.
Judge Charles P. Orr in the ITnited States dis­
trict court at Pittsburgh April 20, rendered an
opinion in favor of the plaintiffs in the equity
proceedings of Roy A. Rainey, Paul J. Rainey
and Grace Rainey Rogers, of New York, against
the H. C. Frick Coke Co. The suit was filed to
secure a partition of the interests of the plain­
tiffs held in common in coal and coke property
with the H. C. Frick Coke Co. There are 600
acres involved and estimated to be worth more
than $600,000, representing a one-third interest
held by the plaintiffs.
In the bill filed it is set forth by the plaintiffs
they desire their one-third interest in the iirop­
erty set aside as an entirety without division
among themselves. They also state the present
ownership by the defendant of the remaining two-
thirds interest is inconvenient to the plaintiff and
the plaintiff has lien unable to secure a partition
of their interest from the defendant.
William J. Rainey, the testator, died in 1900.
In his will his wife, Eleanor Beaty Rainey, William
T. Rainey, Grace M. Rainey, Roy A. Rainey
and Paul J. Rainey, his children, are named as
the trustees of the estate, the* net income of
which is to go to those named as trustees, one-
fifth to each. A bill which had for its purpose
the same object as the present bill was filed by
the testator in 1S95, but his death prevented its
being proceeded with. William T. Rainey died
August 13, 1904, and the widow of the testator
died February 24, 1905.
The court says it is its opinion that there is
nothing to prevent the plaintiffs from holding in
common the interests in dispute if deeded to the
plaintiff's by the defendant and that the plaintiffs
have a right to make the choice which they do
in the bill filed.
IDLE CARS SHOW DECIDED INCREASE.
The report of the American Railway Association
issued April 22, shows the ear surplussages
and shortages to be
Surplussages—
April 15, 1914 213,324
April 1, 1914 141.525
April 15, 1913 70,715
Shortages—
April 15, 1914 455
April 1, 1914 2,013
April 15, 1913 13,217
This shows a total surplussage of 212,809 on
April 15, as compared with 139,512 April 1, and
57,498 April 15, 1913.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
BOND ISSUE IS VOID.
Bonds to the amount of $500,000, issued by the
Dayton Coal & Iron Co., and held by banks in
Scotland, were declared illegal and void, in a decision
by Chancellor V. C. Allen at Dayton, Tenn.,
April 22. If this decision stands it means that the
entire assets of the company will be left to satisfy
the claims of creditors, who hold general claims
amounting to approximately $1,000,000. Freed of
the $500,000 bonded indebtedness, the company
now may be reorganized and operations resumed,
in the opinion of attorneys.
The Dayton Coal _.* Iron Co. was owned by Wat­
son & Co. of Scotland. Ten-year bonds for $500,000
were issued about ten years ago. They are held
by the Bank of Scotland and the Commercial Bank
of Scotland, with the Central Trust Co. of New-
York as trustee. About one year ago Watson &
Co. failed and the Dayton Coal & Iron Co. was
caught in the crash.
Shortly after the failure of Watson & Co. bank­
ruptcy proceedings were instituted against the
Dayton Coal & Iron Co. by creditors to satisfy
claims amounting to about $1,000,000. This was
followed by a cross bill filed by the Central Trust
Co. of New York representing the bondholders,
seeking to make their claims of prior right. In
his decision the chancellor held the mortgage securing
the bond issue to be fraudulent and made
for the purpose of securing the company against
such an emergency as occurred when the failure
of Watson & Co. came.
ACCIDENTS DECREASE IN PENNSYLVANIA
A statement issued by the Pennsylvania State
Department of Mines shows that the fatal accidents
in and about the bituminous coal mines
for the three months ending March 31, 1914, num­
bered 108 as against 120 for the same period in
1913. The inside accidents numbered 98, as
against 112 and the accidents on the surface 10,
as against 14.
Of the 98 killed inside during 1914, 50 were
killed by falls, 24 by mine cars, 5 by suffocation
from gas, 1 by explosives, 2 by premature blasts,
2 by failing into shafts and slopes and S by miscellaneous
causes.
In 1913, 75 were killed by falls, 24 by cars, 3
by explosives, 1 by a blast and 9 by miscellaneous
causes.
During 1914 the inside fatal accidents were 14
less than in 1913. The accidents on the surface
were 4 less in number.
The John R. Barnes Coal Co., Chattanooga,
Tenn., has changed its name to the Kentucky-
Tennessee Coal Co., and has increased its capital
from $50,000 to $100,000.

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PROFIT SHARING AND
LABOR COPARTNERSHIP.
A report has been published by the British (Government
) Board of Trade on profit sharing and
labor copartnership abroad, writes Consul General
John L. Griffiths, London, England. In the prefatory
note there is a brief reference to the different
classes of business in various countries in which
there has been profit sharing or labor copartnership.
In the Ihiited Kingdom it is stated that
these methods of associating employees with the
undertakings in which they are engaged have
been largely confined to gas companies and "about
half of the gas produced by gas companies in the
LInited Kingdom is produced under profit-sharing
conditions."
Turning to France it is found that there are
only two profit-sharing gas companies, and that
profit sharing in that country prevails largely
among insurance companies and banks, "a group
that has only one representative in the United
Kingdom." Profit sharing is a feature, more or
less, of the mines and quarries, railways and
tramways, and metal, engineering, and shipbuilding
firs in France, while in England it is prominent
in the clothing, the food and tobacco, and
the chemical trades. The report continues:
In the United Kingdom a very large number of
schemes still provide for the payment of the
bonus simply in cash, while in the most recent
schemes, particularly those of the gas companies,
the plan of giving work people facilities for the
purchase of shares in the undertaking is largely
adopted. Neither of these systems has anything
like the same importance in France; payment in
cash, though not of course unknown in France, is
far less common than here, and has been somewhat
discountenanced by certain leading members
of the French Profit-Sharing Society; while the
system of encouraging employees to purchase
shares in the employer's undertaking is not very
general, ancl is regarded as exposing the work
people's profit-sharing bonuses to excessive risk.
The typical French system is that of capitalizing
the bonus, and, of the various methods by which
this can be effected, that which finds most favor
is the method of converting the accumulated
bonuses into a "patrimoine"; that is to say, a
capital sum sufficient to provide a pension for the
employee after his retirement, and also something
to leave to his widow and children after his death.
This was the system advocated by M. Alfred de
Courcy, one of the leading French advocates of
profit sharing and managing director of the General
Assurance Co. (Compagnie d'Assurances Generales)
for some years. M. de Courcy introduced
the system in his own company, and his example
was largely followed by other insurance com­
panies as well as in other businesses. It will of
course be understood that the funds for providing
the "patrimonie" are not in all cases exclusively
derived from the accumulated profit sharing
bonuses, but are sometimes supplemented, or even
provided as to the larger proportion, by deductions
from salaries, or by a charge on the general
expenditure account of the employing firm.
It appears in the report that profit sharing has
not been very successful in Germany, and that
there are only about 30 such schemes now in existence.
In 21 of these undertakings about 15,000
or 16,000 persons were employed (no statistics are
available as to the others), or about one-seventh
of the number who are working in the LTnited
Kingdom under profit-sharing conditions. In one
profit-sharing scheme which was introduced in
Germany in 1896 the profit-sharing bonus for the
17 years has averaged 7.9 per cent of the wages
and salaries paid. Although one of the profitsharing
schemes in Germany goes back 60 years
most of those now in existence are of quite recent
origin. It is stated in the report that the present
heads of the firm, which represents the oldest
profit-sharing scheme in Germany, do not attach
a very high value to it. Profit-sharing schemes in
Germany include "breweries, metal and engineering
works, a pottery and weaving factory, an insurance
company, a river steamboat company, a
fruit-preserving company, and two mercantile
firms."
There are only 8 or 10 profit-sharing schemes
now in existence in Switzerland, and "most of
these are in small undertakings." As far back,
however, as 1869, profit sharing was tried in
Switzerland in the Federal postal service, but was
abandoned in 1S73 "owing to an anticipated diminution
of profits and also to the excessive accounting
involved."
There is one profit-sharing scheme in Holland
in which the capital never varies, "the stock of
the original shareholders being gradually transferred
to the employees working for the company,
and from them, as they retire, to their successors."
Announcement is made of the change of the
name of Meyersdale Coal Co., to the Stauffer-
Quemahoning Coal Co., and its offices have been
moved from Meyersdale, Pa., to Listie, Pa. The
change is made because the mines are located in
the Quemahoning field of Somerset county, Pa.,
and the company is desirous of having its name
and location coupled with the field from which
the product is mined. The officers of the company
are: President, Jacob L. Kendall; vice
president, John M. Stauffer; secretary, James S.
Braddock; treasurer, Eugene T. Norton.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 26
THE COAL INDUSTRY OF OHIO FOR THE YEAR 1913'
The coal industry in the state for the year 1913.
was from most standpoints, a prosperous one,
not only in regard to the number of tons of coal
produced, but also in time worked, and wages
accruing to the miners from a year free for the
most part, from prolonged cessations of labor, and
from any serious strikes or labor disagreements.
There was practically no new development of
coal operations in the state for the year, although
several new mines were opened up, none
of which promise to be operated on a very large
scale; one new mine located in Belmont county,
0., was opened up during the year, the Webb,
owned and operated by the Cambria Mining Co.,
Toledo, O., which promises to be one of the
largest and best equipped mines of the state;
the tipple is constructed of steel, and the shaft
concreted; good and sufficient supports are being
left; no rooms have been driven nearer than
1,000 feet from the bottom of the shaft, 16 entries
being driven with no rooms turned off them
as yet; all permanent buildings in connection
with the operation of this mine are built of noncombustible
material, and every precaution seems
to have been taken with the object in view of
protecting not only the lives of the person employed
in same, but for the future life of the
mine iiroperty as well. A number of mines remained
suspended during the year and several
were entirely worked out and abandoned.
The total production of coal for the year
amounted to 36,285,468 tons, an increase of
1,841,177 tons, or 5.3 per cent. The
INCREASE IN TONNAGE
of the year 1913 over the year 1912, was not in
proportion to the increase of the year 1912 ever
the year 1911, when the increase amounted to
4,102,252 tons. However, the tonnage for the
year 1913, would have been much greater had
not the flood during the month of March severely
handicapped the trade by tying up transportation
over a wide area for over a month; the
weather during the fore part of the year also
was exceedingly mild, as well as the late fall
months, which affected the domestic trade greatly.
The depression in the iron and steel ousiness
and retrenchments in transportation, and
in some other industries have also tended to
reduce the coal production for the year, although
it represents the greatest tonnage ever recorded
for the state.
The pick method of mining c-oal is fast becoming
obsolete and has almost ceased to be a
•Advance Statement prepared by the Industrial Commission
of Ohio.
factor in the production of coal, only 3,691,923
tons being mined by this method during the year,
or 2.1 per cent, loss in tonnage as compared with
the pick tonnage of the year 1912. The pick tonnage
for the year represented 10.2 per cent, of
the entire tonnage of the state.
The total number of tons of coal mined by the
use of machinery was 32,593,545 tons, or a gain
of 6.3 per cent, over the machine tonnage of the
previous year, or 89.8 of the entire production
of the state. The machine tonnage of the state
for the year increased almost two million tons.
The greatest gains were made in the following
counties: Belmont produced 10,454,795 tons
of coal, or
AN INCREASE
of 1,137,945 tons; Jefferson county, 5,095,024 tons,
an increase of 453,116 tons; Athens county, 5,239,-
631 tons, a gain of 353,155 tons; Noble county,
784,555 tons, a gain of 142,878 tons; Lawrence
county, 195,389 tons, a gain of 107,285 tons; and
Morgan county, 281,445 tons, a gain of 84,823
tons.
The total losses amounted to 803,932 tons, the
greatest being reported from Hocking county,
where it amounted to 459,013 tons; the total
tonnage of this county was 1,537,163 tons. Jackson
county reported 596,497 tons, a loss of 136,337
tons; Muskingum county reported 495,595 tons, a
loss of 26,603 tons; Mahoning county reported
27,457 tons, a loss of 20,054 tons.
The combined output of the Hocking Valley
district amounted to 9,044,610 tons, a loss of
52,171 tons; the total output of the Eastern Ohio
district showed a total tonnage of 16,302,419 tons,
the immense gain of 1,592,830 tons.
The total number of persons employed for the
year was 48,420 as compared with 47,234 persons
for the year 1912, a gain of 1,186 persons. The
pick miners numbered 5,423 persons, a loss of
456; the inside clay men employed in the pick
mines was 1,137, and the outside day men, 743
persons.
In the machine mines the drillers, loaders and
shooters numbered 25,873 persons, a gain of 689
persons; the machine runners and helpers numbered
3,750, a gain of 280. The
NUMBER Ol DAY MEN
employed in the machine mines was 7,295 and
the outside day men 4,199 men.
The average time worked in the pick mines
of the state for the year was 186 days, as compared
with 173 days for the year 1919. The average
time worked in machine mines was 204 days
as compared with 198 days for the year 1912.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
The average number of tons of lump coal pro
duced by the pick miners for the year was 451.8
tons, a slight increase over the preceding year;
and per day 2.4 tons.
The average tons lump coal produced by the
machine runners for the year was 6.081 tons, a
small decrease as compared with the year 1912;
the average per day was 29.7 tons.
The average tons lump coal produced by the
drillers, loaders and shooters for the year was
S78 tons, and iter day 4.3 tons. A slight increase
in the number of tons mined by the drillers,
loaders and shooters is shown for the year 1913.
The average number of tons of coal mined by
run of mine lor the year in pick mines was 681
tons, tier day 3.0 tons.
The average tons run of mine for the machine
runners in the machine mines was 8,690 tons,
and per day 42.6 tons.
The average tons run of mine produced by the
drillers, loaders and shooters for the year was
1,260 tons, and per clay, 6.1 tons.
The total number of fatalities for the year
amounted to 165, an increase of 29. or 21.3 per
cent. The number of serious accidents (accidents
causing disability for three weeks or more) were
532, an increase of 137; the minor accidents (ac­
cidents causing disability for from one to three
weeks) numbered 342, an increase of 147. The
total
NUMBER Ol ACCIDENTS
totaled 1,039, a total increase of 313. Belmont
county reported the greatest number of fatal ac­
cidents—58 in all; Jefferson county. 26; Noble
county 17, 15 of which occurred at the Imperial
No. 3 mine, due to an explosion of gas. Athens
county reported 13, Guernsey county 11, and
Perry county 10.
Falls of roof were responsible for the death
of 91 persons, a decrease of 2.1 per cent.; deaths
due to mine cars increased 115.3 per cent., 28
having been due to this cause in the year 1913
and 13 for the year 1912. Electric shocks caused
the death of 9 persons. Motors and mining ma­
chines were responsible for the death of 6 per­
sons, explosions of powder, 6; explosions of gas,
15; and to miscellaneous causes, 8.
The total number of inspections made by the
district mine inspectors was 2,621; 142 oil wells
were witnessed for the purpose of abandoning
them. One hundred and fifty visits were made
to investigate the cause of fatal accidents.
HECATITULATION
Total number tons of coal
1912 1913
produced 34,444,291 36,285,468
Total number of persons em­
ployed 47,234 48,420
Total number fatal accidents 136 165
Number deaths per thousand
employed 2.9 3.4
Number persons employed for
each life lost 347 293
Number tons coal mined for
each life lost 253,267 219,912
Number of fatal accidents in the mines of Ohio
for the year 1913 and causes to which they were
attributable, by counties.
I'llCNTl ES
Athens
Belmont
Carroll
Columbiana
Coshocton .. .
Guernsey . . .
Hocking
11
?,?.
?,
. 1
. 1
5
o
Jackson 1
Jefferson . . . 16
Lawrence . . . 1
Meigs
o
Noble
1
Perry
. 6
Stark
?,
Tuscarawas . 2
Vinton a
Washington . i
Wayne a
1 1
1 1
(5 S-!
1 13
3 5S
2
2
9
1 11
4
2
1 26
1 3
1 5
17
10
2
2
2
1
2
Lotal 91 2 28 2 4 9 6 15 8 165
Percentage
each cause:
Falls of roof
Falls of coal
Aline cars
Motors
of fatal accidents attributable to
1912
68.3
5.1
Mining machines
9.6
2.9
.8
Explosions of gas
1.5
Premature explosions
3.7
Electric-ty JJ
Miscellaneous g g
(CONTINUED ON I>AGE 50)
1913
56.4
1.2
17.0
2.3
1.2
9.2
3.5
4.7
4.5
100.00 100.00

L
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
SOME CALORIMETRIC DETERMINATIONS OF KENTUCKY COALS*
By Alfred M. Peter. Chief Chemist Agricultural Experiment Station.
Kentucky State University. Lexington. Ky.
During the years when the Kentucky Geological
survey was being conducted under the able and
efficient directorship of Charles J. Norwood, with
headquarters at State University, a number of
calorimeter determinations were made upon samples
of coal obtained from different mines in tlie
state. For this work Prof. Norwood provided,
first a Parr fuel calorimeter and later one of the
Emerson design, the latter being a new form of
the bomb type of calorimeter and capable of giving
results as accurate as those obtainable with the
otlier standard instruments of this type, but much
easier to manipulate and more rapid in action.
The determinations were made at different times
by Prof. Norwood's assistants, Messrs. Quickel, Mc-
Hargue and Calloway. Some of these results have
been published in the report of progress of tbe
survey for the years 1908 and 1909; some are to
be found in tbe bulletins of the survey, part of
which, however, are still in the hands of the public
printer, and I believe some have never been published.
I intend to take only a few of the determinations,
those which are most representative of the
more important coal beds in the state, and I shall
endeavor to ascertain whether that part of the
coal which is both volatile and combustible is of
equal heating value in all the coals presented, considering,.of
course, tlie quantity of such matter in
the eoal.
Where coal has a large amount of volatile combustible
matter, we naturally expect it to have a
high heating value because of the large amount of
hydrocarbons which are contained in such matter.
Hydrogen, on burning, produces 62,001) B.t.u. per
pound, whereas carbon develops only 14,500 B.t.u.,
ancl for this reason we would expect matter containing
hydrocarbons to give more heat than fixed
carbon when burned.
On the other band, volatile combustible mattei
contains more or less oxygen, and its presence indicates
that the coal is more or less an oxidized
product and, therefore, less capable of giving out
all the heat which a
COMPLETELY UNOXIDIZED BODY
would emit on burning. Moreover, in this volatile
combustible part of coal, sulphur and nitrogen
are included, the former having a low heat
value, about 4000 B.t.u. per pound when burning,
and the latter oxidizing with the emission of but
little heat. In the incombustible volatile matter,
'Paper read at the Kentucky Mining Institute. Kentucky
State University. Lexington. Ky.
more or less water is found. This is derived from
the clay which forms after burning a part of the
ash constituent. Thus, if the volatile matter has
a varying composition, it may have a variant ability
to emit heat when burned.
I propose to estimate the heat in this volatile
part of tbe eoal by deducting the heat generated
by burning fixed carbon or coke from that which
is obtained when the original sample is burned.
This deduction for the heat of the fixed carbon
will not be taken from coke prepared in the laboratory,
nor from the same sample of coal of which
the heat of combustion is determined but will be
derived as an average from 7 commercial cokes
made from coal mined in Kentucky and consumed
in a Parr calorimeter.
Had this investigation been kept in view at the
time the survey made the tests on Kentucky coais,
the goal would have been more certainly attained
by actually determining tbe heat of combustion
of the coke from a sample of coal which was a
duplicate of the luel tested in the calorimeter.
Average analysis and heat of combustion of 7 commercial
cokes from Kentucky coal.
.Moisture 0.77 0.02 0.35
Volatile combustible matter 1.6-2 0.19 0.89
Fixed carbon 90.61 79.23 84.63
Ash 19.16 9.07 14.13
Total 100.00
Sulphur 2.01 0.45 1.01
B.t.u. per lb. of coke 12,717 10,283 11.703
Total combustible matter—
( 100 — moisture — ash) 85.52
B.t.u. per lb. of same 14.491 12.S42 13,684
From this table it appears that the average heat
value of the combustible matter in these samples
of coke was 13,680 B.t.u. per pound, and. in the
absence of better data. I propose to use this figure
in the calculations which are to follow.
The range of variation in the analysis of these
samples and in their heat values as thus determined,
is quite large and the figure for the average
beat, value is considerably lower than that usually
accepted for carbon. There are, however, certain
reasons why tbe heating value of the combustible
matter in coke should not be as great as that of
pure carbon. Coke always
CONTAINS MORE OK LESS
sulphur as well as small percentages of nitrogen
any hydrogen.
Hydrogen, of course, would tend to bring up the
value a little, whereas, sulphur and nitrogen would
reduce it. Besides this, according to the statements
of the textbooks. Favre and Silbermann,
whose work was published in 1852, declare that the

28
beat value for graphite carbon is decidedly lower
than that for tbe amorphous form of that element,
and it is probable that a part, at least, of the
carbon in coke is graphite in character. The
value, 13,(ISO B.t.u.. therefore, does not seem un­
reasonably low.
In recent literature there seems to be little which
bears upon the subject of this investigation. One
chemist, however, seems to have made some careful
inquiries along much the same lines, but unfortunately
1 have the account of bis work only in
the form of the brie! summary which appeared in
the Abstract Journal of the American Chemical
Society.© The work is a thesis by Herman Sterit.
entitled "Studies on the Chemical Comiiosition
ancl Heat of Combustion of Cokes Prepared by
Different Methods, and on tbe Determination of
the Heat of Combustion of Coals by Calculation.:
Streit's averages for beat of combustion of coke.
For oven coke 14,310 B.t.u.
For gas coke 14,400 B.t.u.
For crucible coke make by the American
method of analysis 14,580 B.t.u.
These averages are close to the commonly ac­
cepted value for carbon and much higher than tbe
one derived above from Kentucky cokes. Indeed
they seem too high.
One of the author's conclusions is that, with
few exceptions, due to abnormal composition, as
high sulphur, the heat of combustion of cokes can
be calculated within about 1 per cent, by multiplying
the per cent, of combustible matter by tbe
appropriate factor corresponding to these findings.
Thus, for an analysis by the American method, the
factor would be 145.S. Anoter conclusion is that
the heat of combustion of the
TOTAL COMBUSTIBLE .MATTEI!
of coke obtained by tbe same method from
different coals is the same, but differs if different
methods are employed. The author also concludes
that the chemical comiiosition and hence the heat
of combustion of the combustible matter of a coal
depends on the method of coking.
A paper by H. Bunte, entitled "Notes on the Byproducts
of the Gas Industry,"© an abstract of
which was seen in (he Journal of the Society of
Chemical Industry,© contains data of interest in
this connection. The author reports the chem­
ical analysis and heat of combustion of 12 gas
cokes, mostly German.
Laboratory determination of 12 gas cokes.
Ultimate analysis combustible part of cokes:
Carbon 94.18%
Hydrogen 0.90
Oxygen and nitrogen 3.77
Sulphur 1.13
99.98
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Proximate of analysis of original coal:
Total combustible matter 89.11
Water and ash 10.S9
100.00
Actual and theoretical determinations of
heat values:
B.t.u. per lb. of total combustible matter,
from tbe calorimeter determinations
i-i.ioi
Calculated from the analysis by Dulong's
method 14,006
This value, also, is higher than that obtained
from the Kentucky cokes, but tends to confirm it
because gas cokes are presumably less thoroughly
carbonized than are oven cokes and would be expected
to have a somewhat higher heat of com­
bustion on account of their containing more hy­
drocarbons.
Having decided upon a value for the heat of com­
bustion of tbe combustible matter in coke, we
may determine, by difference, what the heat of
combustion of tbe volatile combustible matter in
a coal should be, if we have
THE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
of the coal and its heating value as determined
by tbe calorimeter.
In order to get the total combustible matter in
applying this method, I have decided to subtract
not only the ash and moisture but in addition a
further lo tier cent, of the ash, which is an allow­
ance made for the combined water contained in
the ash constituents before heating.
The ash of coals is composed largely of clay and
it is evident that this clay must have contained its
proper amount of combined water before the coal
was burned. This water would be driven off with
tbe volatile combustible matter and be counted
with it in the analysis. Kaolin contains about
13 per cent, of combined water, but as the ash
is not all clay I have assumed 10 per cent, of the
weight of the ash as approximately representing
tlie original amount of water in combination.
Accordingly, in tbe following calculations, onetenth
of the ash has been, in each case, deducted
from the amount of volatile combustible matter
shown in the analysis of the coal. The percentage
of fixed carbon multiplied by 136.8 gives the
heat of combustion of the fixed carbon. This de­
ducted from tbe heat of combustion of the original
coal gives the heat of combustion of the volatile
combustible matter, which, divided by the weight
of that matter, corrected as already explained for
combined water, gives the heat of combustion per
pound of tbe volatile combustible matter.
These calculations have been made upon the
©"riicmic.nl Abstracts," Vol. _ (1908), p. 1040.
©Herman Streit, Dissertation, 1'niv. Zurich. 1000, p.
©J. fur Gasbelencht, 40, 1807. pp. 405-407
©J. Soc. Chem. lnd., xvi (1897), pp. 661-662.

analyses representing coal lrom five of the important
beds of ordinary bituminous coal and also
upon a number of cannel coals, as shown in the
following tables, which give the data for the calculations
and the results. In tbe last table the
final results are brought together and a comparison
of them is in interesting. As was to be expected,
the cannel coals show considerably fhe
highest heat of combustion, both for the total and
for the volatile combustible matter.
The most important point brought out in this
table is that the coals ol two important beds, Nos
9 and 11, in the Westein field,
AGREE PliETTY CLOSELY
in the heats of combustion of their total combustible
mattei and of their volatile combustible
matter, but differ materially in these respects from
the coals of three important beds in Eastern Kentucky.
It is seen that the beat of combustion of
the volatile combustible matter from tbe Eastern
Kenucky coals approximates more nearly that of
cannel coal than that of the Western Kentucky
coals. I believe this obsei vation is a new one
and while I do not know that it has any practical
application, it seems to me to be worth recording.
It would be interesting to extend this study to
coals of other important beds, but the time at my
disposal did not permit this in the present communication.
In conclusion I desire to thank Mr. J. S. Mc-
Hargue for assistance in looking up the literature.
It is proper also to say that he made nearly all
the chemical analyses used in this paper.
Calculation of heats of combustion of total combustible
matter and volatile combustible
matter.
Coal No. 11. Western coal field. Average of 12
samples from Muhlenberg, Union ancl Webster
counties:
Highest Lowest Average
Value. Value. Value.
Moisture 5.87 1.16 4.11
Volatile combustible matter 41.78 37.55 39.67
Fixed carbon 51.11 41.58 47.63
Ash 15.52 5.62 8.59
Total 100.00
Sulphur 4.69 2.64 3.59
B.t.u. per lb. of coal 13.450 10,722 12,833
B.t.u. of 0.4763 fixed carbon
@ 13,680 per lb 6,516
B.t.u. of 0.3967 volatile combustible
matter 0,317
B.t.u. per lb. of same atter
deducting 1/10 of the ash 16,277
Total combustible matter
(100 less moisture, ash
and 1/10 of the ash) S6.44
( 12,833 1
B.t.u. per lb. of same -j \ 14,846
[ 0.8644 J
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
Coal No. 9. Western coal field. Average of 16
samples from Daviess, Henderson, Hopkins and
Webster counties:
Highest Lowest Average
Value. Value. Value.
Moisture 7.32 2.41 4.17
Volatile combustible matter 38.47 34.24 37.19
Fixed carbon 51.34 46.03 49.62
Ash 14.02 5.46 9.02
Total 100.00
Sulphur 4.34 1.96 3.26
B.t.u. per lb. of coal 13,235 11,821 12,730
B.t.u. of 0.4962 fixed carbon
(

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Total combustible matter
(100 less moisture, ash
and 1/10 of the ash)... 95.13
[ 14,205 ]
B.t.u. per lb. of same i ]• 14,932
[ 0.9513 J
Lower Elkhorn coal. Eastern coal field. Aver­
age of 5 samples from Floyd and Pike counties:
Highest Lowest Average
Value. Value. Value.
Moisture 2.5S 1.67 2.04
Volatile combustible matter 37.15 31.39 34.14
Fixed carbon 64.10 50.87 5S.45
Ash 9.40 1.80 5.37
Total 100.00
Sulphur 1.57 0.50 0.82
B.t.u. per lb. of coal 14,835 12,870 13.797
B.t.u. of 0.5845 fixed carbon
@ 13,680 per lb 7,996
B.t.u. of 0.3414 volatile combustible
matter 5,801
B.t.u. per lb. of same, after
deducting 1/10 of the ash 17,205
Total combustible matter
(100 less moisture, ash
and 1/10 the ash ) 92.IM;
[ 13,797 |
B.t.u. per lb. of same \ | 14,987
[ 0.9206 j
Cannel coal. Eastern coal field. Average of
10 samples from Bell, Breathitt. Johnson, Leslie
and Morgan counties:
Highest Lowest Average
Value. Value. Value.
Moisture 2.74 0.6S 1.45
Volatile combustible matter 53.09 38.75 46.25
Fixed carbon 53.91 31.72 39.18
Ash 25.62 5.64 13.12
Total 100.00
Sulphur l.SS 0.54 1.16
B.t.u. per lb. of coal 14,244 10,695 13.185
B.t.u. of 0.391S fixed carbon
@ 13.680 per lb 5,360
B.t.u. of 0.4625 volatile combustible
matter 7,825
B.t.u. per lb. of same after
deducting 1/10 of the ash 17,412
Total combustible matter
(loo less moisture, ash
and 1/10 of the ash) . . . S4.12
( 13,185 |
B.t.u. per lb. of same > j- 15,674
[ 0.8412 J
TAIUT.ATEIJ SU JI .MARY.
B.t.u. per pound of
Total Total
Combustible Combustible
Western field: Matter. Matter.
Coal No. 11 14,846 16,277
Coal No. 9 14,818 16,374
Average 14,832 16,326
Eastern field:
Pineville coal 15,066 17,302
Upper Elkhorn coal.. . 14,932 17,161
Lower Elkhorn coal.. 14,987 17,265
Average 14,995 17,264
Eastern field:
Cannel coal 15,674 17,412
COAL MINE FATALITIES IN THE
UNITED STATES, JANUARY, 1914.
The reports received by the Bureau of Mines
from state mine inspectors show that there were
199 men killed in and about the coal mines in
the United States during January, 1914, as com­
pared with 223 during the same month of 1913.
Fatalities at coal mines during January, 1913
and 1914:
Underground.
Shaft. Surface. Total.
January, 1914 171 11 17 199
January, 1913 201 5 17 223
In making comparisons with 1913, however, it
should be borne in mind that reports for 1914
have not been received from Georgia and Oregon,
states in which there is no inspection service,!
nor from Kentucky, where the operators are al­
lowed 60 days by law to report accidents to the
state inspector. In January, 1913, there were five
fatalities in the coal mines of these three states;
there are no corresponding figures for January,
1914. Deducting the 5 fatalities, for which there
are no comparable figures for 1914. the figures
become 199 for January, 1914, and 218 for Janu­
ary, 1913. The actual decrease in fatalities is
therefore 19, or over S per cent. The principal
decreases were as follows, by causes: Falls of
roof or coal, 28; mine cars and locomotives, 7; ex­
plosives, 4; total, 39. These reductions are partly
offset by the following increases: Gas and dust
explosions, 12; shaft accidents, 6; total, IS.
An explosion at Rock Castle mine, Rock Castle,
Ala., January 10, resulted in the death of 12 men.
On January 14, at the Spencer-Newland mine,
Mulberry, Kans., 6 men were killed when the cage
in which they were being lowered fell down the
shaft.
•Compiled by Albert II. Fay, I", s. Bureau of Mines.
[•Reports are received from these states direct frcm the
operators al the ch.se of the year. The' total coal production
ut' ihe two states named amounts to less than
one-twentieth of 1 per cent, of the entire output of the
country, and fatalities in their coal mines are few onlv
." men being killed in 1913.
The Williamsville Coal Co., Selbytown, 111., has
been placed in the hands of a receiver on petition
of the Sangamon Loan & Trust Co., because of
failure to provide for payment of bonds and in­
terest. H. J. Linkins has been named receiver.

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR LANE TALKS
ON PROPOSED ALASKAN COAL LEASING.
The public lands committees of the two houses
of congress have agreed on a leasing bill for the
Alaskan coal fields, which meets the approval of
the President and the secretary of the interior.
The agreement has come after seven years of
wrangling as a result of a discovery that men
were seeking to gain possession of the coal deposits
in the territory through fraud. The leasing
system that has been agreed on was devised by
Secretary Lane, of the interior department.
"It is a leasing bill with a minimum of detail
and a maximum of advantage to Alaska," said
Secretary Lane. "it lays all practicable safeguards
against monopoly and yet permits of large
working areas. It reserves to the United States
definite tracts in the known fields, more than sufficient,
it is believed, for all governmental needs,
and throws open to immediate individual use the
lesser coal beds under safe restrictions.
"I can think of nothing which could be done
to make Alaska coal a world resource for which
this does not provide. Its terms appeal to me as
those which will make for the full opening of
Alaska's coal lands with but the slightest opportunity
for their monopolization. It is aimed to
compel the development of coal and not to form
a foundation for speculation in the value of coal
lands.
The plan proposed, to lease the lands to oiierators,
has several points of value. It is in the
first place the normal plan. Not only is this recognized
by many of our western states in their
statutes governing the disposition of state-owned
coal and ore lands, but it is the method under
which practically 90 per cent, of the coal of this
country is mined. We hear of coal operators and
mine workers, but seldom of coal land proprietors.
This is because the coal of the country is not
mined generally by their land owners, but by
lessees.
"In some of our largest fields the royalty paid is
more stable than the freight rate or the price of
coal itself. In some of the Australian colonies
where coal is produced for export to South America
and this country the law permits coal lands
to be bought or to be leased. Yet the sale of the
land is practically unknown. The reason is apparent.
Why tie up capital in the coal itself
when such capital may be more profitably used in
development? And one may reasonably ask, why
should it be the policy of our people to limit coal
operations in Alaska or elsewhere to those who
have money enough to allow a large investment to
lie idle in a coal field? Could there be a greater
temptation to monopoly or a more certain warning
to men of small means that they are not to
be regarded as factors in the coal industry?
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
"I feel confident that the people of the United
States are convinced not only that Alaska's coal
should be made available but that it is the wisest
and safest policy to open these lands under a
leasing system.
"As to the need for this coal I certainly cannot
add one persuasive argument -with which the
country is not now familiar. A land where there
are five months of winter, where in parts the land
itself must be thawed out before it will yield its
riches—could there be a country of greater need?
And who can wonder that the people of Alaska
have felt resentment that their long cry for help
has not been heeded?
"But Alaska is not to be thought of as continuing
in her present industrial and economic condition.
We are about, I trust, to make that country
more intimately our own by building a government
railroad from the coast northward. Such
road or roads will take away the terrors of isolation
which have haunted those who live there.
And with railroads a new Alaska will be possible,
coal and iron, coal and copper will be brought together,
and where these come together as all knowgreat
communities arise.
"The coal of the Matanuska and the Bering
river fields makes excellent coke. We may survey
the whole Pacific slope for any other body of similar
or equally valuable coal. To that, irrespective
of what our navy may require or of what Alaska's
domestic and present industrial needs may be,
the industrial development of the Pacific coast
makes call upon congress to place this fuel supply
at the command of the public.
"For seven years the coal of Alaska has been
withdrawn from use. This policy is one of cruelty
to Alaska and an injustice to ourselves. We knowwhy
it was done, because by fraud men sought to
evade our laws and take to themselves that to
which they had no right. Out of some eleven
hundred claims which were filed about one-half
have been declared fraudulent and the remainder
are still unadjudicated. That discreditable episode
is now a matter of history which I am sure has
fixed its lesson in the American mind. And now
the opportunity has come to reopen the coal fields
of Alaska under a method which will insure
against private monopoly and make Alaska coal
serve iiroperly in Alaskan and national development."
Orders have been issued by the Pittsburgh Coal
Co. that hereafter its mine foremen, assistant
foremen, fire bosses, machine foremen and drivers
must sever their connection with all clubs which
have sideboard attachments. Failure to comply
will mean dismissal, according to the terms of
the order which has been sent to all the company's
mines in Washington county, Pa.

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
>
NEGRO LABOR IN KENTUCKY MINES
By G. D Crain. Jr.
A large and muscular man of the negro race
convincingly demonstrated to the world on July 4
four years ago that he was the possessor of considerable
strength and the skill wherewith to
apply it effectively in the prize ring. Possibly
this was hardly necessary to prove these points,
either on behalf of the individual in question or
of his race; it is cited merely as preliminary to the
remark that in the occupation of niining coal,
which undoubtedly requires considerable physical
strength as well as a certain degree of intelligence,
the negro has made good.
In Kentucky, which has large and rich coal
fields in both its eastern and western sections, the
negro miner has been a
MORE IMPORTANT FACTOR
perhaps than in any other coal-producing region of
the United States; and it is not going too far to
say that the experience of those operators who
have used this kind of labor has been entirely
favorable, from every viewpoint.
The most serious complaint made against the
coal miner, as a class, by those who use and must
have his labor is that he is shiftless. A Western
Kentucky operator put it somewhat bitterly this
way:
"He's like the Eskimo's clog—unless you keep
him half-starved he won't work. In other words.
when he has all the money he needs for the immediate
present he considers it unnecessary to
labor any longer, and quits the job until he feels
the pressure of want again, when he is ready to
return to the mine and settle down for a week
or so."
Whether or not this is strictly true it is certain
that the charge is made to that substantia]
effect by operators from practically every section;
and it may be safely assumed that experiences
with miners who will not work as long as they
are something ahead in cash are sufficiently common
to be not out of the ordinary.
By those who know the negro it would be natural
to conclude that he would be a little bit
worse as a miner, in this respect, than the average
white man. If there is any one quality which may
be said to be strongly characteristic of the negro
race it is that happy-go-lucky disregard for the
morrow which leads the miner to quit work as
soon as payday comes and he finds himself in the
possession of more money than he can readily
spend without taking some time off to do it.
In every other line of endeavor the proneness
of the negro to do this very thing has been
pointed out by economic investigators and by the
writers of fiction until it has become all but ax­
iomatic that mighty few negroes will work unless
it is necessary to enable them to eat. Curiously
enough, this particular characteristic does not
seem to have been sufficiently in evidence among
negro miners in Kentucky to disqualify the race
for that work.
In this connection it may be suggested that the
possible absence of another quality, which is more
characteristic of the white miner, balances this
admitted weakness of the negro, as of low-class
labor of any kind, and
MAKES III M REALLY DESIRABLE
for use in the mine under certain conditions. The
quality referred to is that of a sort of migratory
disposition, which frequently renders it impossible
for operators who have been forced to shut down
for a short time to regain enough labor to run
their mines after reopening.
Of course, the men are frequently under the necessity
of finding immediate employment in order
to avoid running too heavily in debt, if the indications
are for a long shut-down; but, aside from
this feature of such a case, it is undoubtedly true
that there is a tendency among miners, especially
unmarried men. to pull up stakes and wander off
to another field just about every so often, and
there seems to be nothing which will prevent this.
"Our colored miners," said a Western Kentucky
mine official, commenting on this frequently-recurring
difficulty, "are for the most part natives
of the country where our mines are located, and
were born and reared in that neighborhood. This
pretty nearly guarantees that they will stay there
as long as we offer them work, and we have had
remarkably little trouble from lack of labor so
far as those negroes secured in that vicinity are
concerned. Moreover, we have been fortunate in
having practically no shutdowns from any cause,
and thus no excuse or opportunity has been offered
to our men to leave in search of work."
This statement is probably entirely correct. The
Negro is more nearly a creature of the soil than
the average white, whether of Anglo-Saxon or
other blood; he tends to stay at or near his native
place, and if conditions are such that there is no
economic need for him to leave in order to live
the chances are all in favor of his remaining indefinitely.
White men, on the other hand, even of
the less intelligent breeds, such as those imported
from some of the Southeastern European countries,
seldom feel any such attachment to their
native place or that of their adoption as to prevent
the recurrence of that exploring impulse
which has for centuries been largely responsible
for the

WESTWARD COURSE OF EMPIRE.
In a word, the negro stays put; the white man
does not, even where it would often be to his
advantage to do so.
Besides, there is an additional binding force
which serves to keep the well-treated negro laborer
with the same employer and at the same
work; it is that admirable quality of fidelity which
it is frequently given to those over them to inspire
in them, and which, once created, is as valuable
an asset as any employer of labor could desire.
This, with the tendency to stay in the same place,
is probably the principal reason for the favor
with which negro miners are regarded by Kentucky
operators, who have had opportunity to try
and observe them, and from many years of contact
know whereof they speak.
In the actual work of mining, as inferentially
suggested at the outset, they are in no respect inferior
to their white colleagues. Negro labor has
always been as good as any that can be had for
the performance of heavy work of all sorts; and
the handling of coal, even under the most improved
conditions and with the most modern facilities,
certainly comes under the head of heavy
physical labor, and always will. "Teachability"
has always been found to be a characteristic of the
negro with few exceptions, as witness the employment
of the race as chauffeurs, waiters, and the
like.
The work of mining is year by year growing
more complicated, and involves the application of
skill and the use of discretion and judgment, as
well as mere physical strength, to a greater and
greater degree; but no instance has been reported
where a negro has
BEEN" l-'olMI WANTING
in these qualities in any marked contrast to the
white men with whom he worked. As far as the
experience of operators who can speak with authority
goes there has been no trouble on the
score of the negro not doing his work properly.
It is in Western Kentucky that negro miners
have been most used, several of the larger operators
in that section employing them in large numbers
and regarding them as mainstays, by reason
of the qualities which have been referred to. The
average of intelligence among these miners is
fairly high, in a general sense, as may be gathered
from the statement that at meetings of various
miners' associations there are always colored men
as representatives, sometimes as leaders, who
acquit themselves in the deliberations with credit,
even admiration.
In the coal fields of Eastern and Southeastern
Kentucky there are relatively few negroes used.
In the first mentioned field, especially, there are
few colored miners, a fact which goes far toward
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
indicating the correctness of the statement made
above that the colored miners lack the roving
spirit so characteristic of their white co-workers.
The Eastern Kentucky fields are in the mountains,
and there are practically no negroes native to that
section. Consequently, as may be inferred from
the suggestion made, there are practically no negro
miners.
"We wish there were," said an operator of this
section who is also interested in the mines in the
southeastern part of the state, where there are
more negroes employed. "We can use all that we
can get hold of up here, because we can never be
sure of holding our men long enough to handle
our business, and from what I hear and know of
the colored men they stay on the job pretty well,
and do their work as well as any class of labor
used in mines."
The extent to which the blacks are used in the
Southeastern Kentucky mines is fairly well indicated
by the fact that the Continental Coal Corporation,
of Pinesville, Ky., which is one of the
largest operations in the State, recently sent to
the first-aid contest, held at Lexington in connection
with the meeting of the Kentucky Mining Institute
last month, as well as several teams of
white men. The colored men, in the work of
treating hypothetical injuries in the contest,
showed fine skiil and initiative.
It may be mentioned as an interesting commentary
upon the extent to which racial separation is
customarily carried south of the Ohio and Potomac
that the two teams referred to, which were the
ONLY ONES OF THEIR RACE
sent to the contest, did not participate in the general
contest for the prizes offered, but took part
only in a contest for a special prize offered by the
people of Pineville, Ky., for the best negro firstaid
team in the States. Several operators from
Western Kentucky stated that they would have
brought teams to show what colored men could
do when well trained if they had known of this
special prize.
On the whole, it may be fairly deduced from
the experience of all Kentucky operators who have
been able to secure colored labor that negroes are
entitled to serious consideration for work in coal
mines. The fact that the South is finding it difficult
to keep enough of them for farm work suggests
that it would pay to colonize a few thousand
in those coal fields which are unable to secure
labor. On the other hand, it is possible that the
scarcity of labor, which is chronic in the South, is
as much due to the gradual moving away of the
negroes, attracted by the higher wages possible in
the cities, as to their proverbial disinclination to
work.
One of the Western Kentucky operators who em-

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ploys a large number of negroes occasionally relieves
the evils which follow to the negro himself,
and to society at large, from the congestion of the
race in the slums of cities, by sending a diplo­
matic member of his force, a negro himself, to tell
them of the attractive possibilities of work in the
mines. This colored missionary of fortune is usually
successful in landing a number of his
brethren, and recruiting the ranks of the com­
pany's miners by their permanent addition, as
they find the pay better than they get for ordinary
day labor and other conditions not uncongenial,
and plenty of their fellows with whom to associate.
It is not meant to indicate that the negro is a
perfect employee. Around paydays at the mines
he is quite as much inclined to take a day off to
"blow in" his money as the average run of miners,
and the average specimen has the faults of his
race; but he also has virtures which, for the purpose
of the employer of labor who knows how to
handle men, are worth consideration.
ALBERTA'S COAL RESOURCES.
According to an annual report issued by the
provincial government of Alberta, 289 coal mines
in Alberta, employing 6,610 men inside and 2,253
men outside, produced 4,306,346 tons of coal,
130,861 tons of briquets, and 65,167 tons of coke
during 1913, an increase of nearly 25 per cent.
over 1912, writes Consul Samuel C. Reat, Calgary,
Alberta, Can. Of this output, 1,000,000 tons
of coal were exported to other Provinces in Canada
and to the United States.
The classification of the output of 1913 is as
follows: Bituminous, 2,374,401 tons; lignite,
1,763,225 tons; anthracite, 168,720 tons; used in
coke production, 104,012 tons. With the introduction
of new capital and the opening of large
mines, adequately equipped with American machinery,
there is every reason to believe that the
exportation of coal will be increased during this
and coming years.
It is stated that the tonnage in 1913 would have
been much larger but for the extremely mild
weather early and late in the winter. The increase
of output during the last eight years has
been about 500 per cent., the tonnage being as
follows since the organization of the Province:
1905, 811.228; 1906. 1,385,000; 1907, 1,834,745;
1908, 1,845,000; 1909, 2,174.329; 1910, 3,036,757;
1911, 3,694,564; 1912, 3.446,349; and 1913, 4,306,-
456 tons.
Experts estimate that the actual and probable
coal resources of Alberta total 1.975,039,000,000
metric tons, or 14 times the reserves of British
Columbia, 18 times more than Saskatchewan, and
110 times greater than Nova Scotia, at present
the largest producing province in the Dominion
of Canada. The Edmonton district has a coal
area of 77,184 square miles of coal fields in Can­
ada.
There are three distinct coal horizons in Al­
berta: The Kootenay or Lower Cretaceous; the
Belly River or Middle Cretaceous, and the Edmonton,
lying at the top of the Cretaceous. The
upper Edmonton formation covers an area of
24,779 square miles, while the lower Edmonton
formation occupies 52,405 square miles.
The Belly River formation in eastern Alberta
covers 16,000 square miles, the best coal occurrng
on its borders, where there are persistent seams.
Lignite seams occur at Medicine Hat, Taber, and
Lethbridge; it has also been found at Tofield,
Calgary, and Edmonton. This series is identical
with that at Peace River, known as the Dunvegan.
The Kootenay formation produces the most
valuable coals found in Canada. The areas are
on the outer ranges and in the foothills, from
the international boundary to the north of the
Athabasca river, loo miles north of Edmonton,
beyond which, explorers say, the coal areas are
confined to the foothills. The Moose Mountain.
the Cascade Basin, the Bighorn, and the Brazeau
districts contain immense seams of commercial
coal.
The geological survey of Canada gives these
figures of Alberta's coal resources:
Actual reserves—Anthracite, 668,000,000 tons;
bituminous, 3,209,000,000 tons; semi-bituminous
and lignites, 384,908,000,000 tons.
Probable reserves—Anthracite, 1,000,000,000 tons;
bituminous, 194,883,000,000 tons; semi-bituminous
and lignites, 491,271,000,000 tons.
In a decision handed down recently the United
States Supreme Court upheld the legality of an
order issued by the Iowa Railroad commission
against the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry.,
involving the rate to be charged on a shipment of
coal which originated east of the Mississippi river
and was trans-shipped at Davenport for a point
in the interior of Iowa. The railroad contended
it w-as interstate business and not within the
jurisdiction of the Iowa commission, but the
supreme court held otherwise and issued a mandatory
order directing the road to comply with
the commission's ruling.
Taking advantage of the new Pennsylvania law
the borough council of Shenandoah, Pa., has ap­
pointed the following members of the bureau of
mine inspection and surface support: Rev. D. I.
Evans, president: John Cantlin, secretary; P. J.
Murphy, Edwin R. Williams, and A. R. Ploppert.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
MINING ECONOMICS: SOME
By Jo
Where the highest wages are earned, the cost
of production is usually the lowest. It may be
held that this is purely a coincidence, or that
good natural conditions allow of high wages and
low costs. On the other hand, it could be argued.
with some degree of success, that high wage-rates
have in the long run the effect stated. Be all
this as it may, there is no doubt that when
wages are low there is no inducement to economy
in labor Thus, with a certain fall in wage-rates,
horses would become comparatively expensive,
and would be displaced underground by hand
drawing. Again, with low wage-rates such a
labor-saving device as a coal-cutter would become
a luxury. The selling price per ton of coal in
Scotland in 1911 was 50 per cent, higher than
in 1882, which fact may be quoted as showing
that prices rise in accordance with wage-rates;
but such a contention will not stand examination.
Actual earnings have risen more than 50 per
cent.; hours of labor have fallen about 20 per
cent.; legislature restrictions have extended enormously;
stores and materials have risen greatly
in cost; and coal is now got at a profit under
natural difficulties that could not have been faced
30 years ago. Yet, who will contend that niining
science would have progressed at the same rate
if the good seams had lasted, if miners' wages
had remained low, and the conditions generally
had continued favorable? On the contrary, the
most backward coal fields are those with the
least natural difficulties and most valuable seams.
It seems fairly certain that whichever party
succeeds at the next general election, great
changes will be made in the life of the rural
worker: big efforts will be made to stop the
exodus from rural to industrial areas. It seems
also fairly certain that the
PRESENT TRADE BOOM
has got over the crest of the wave, and that a
depression will come which will probably send
workers from the industrial areas to the colonies.
As Mr. Walter Hargreaves observed in his recent
presidential address,t labor is none too plentiful
in the older districts. In this case the mining
industry will have to contend with new conditions,
and will have to adapt itself to them. Better
housing, better conditions of labor, etc., will have
to be provided in face of falling prices for coal.
It will be noticed that large numbers of the
niining population reside in houses of a class
similar to those in which their fathers lived, at
rents of as low as Is. 6d. per week. A greater
•From a paper read before lie- Mining Institute of
Scotland.
tTrans. Inst. M. K., 1913, Vol. xlvi. pages -7-1*84.
NOTES AND A SUGGESTION*
variety of food is consumed now than, say, 50
years ago—less wholesome, probably, and costing
little or nothing more; in short, the standard of
life in the niining village has advanced little or
not at all in the period mentioned. Wages have
doubled, the consequence being that in the household
where thrift is not practiced there is no
incentive to regular working. Three days per
week at the pit keeps the wolf from the door,
and maintains the customary standard of life.
The house is the basis of this standard. The
past generation of miners drank deeply. The
present-day miner has no such expensive luxury
to maintain. His sports ancl pastimes are cheaper
and, therefore, there is the less necessity for
regular work. Further, his amusements occupy
far more time, to the neglect of his work; and
Saturdays are now almost useless for colliery
purposes. There is also probably less household
thrift and economy practiced, due to lack of education
in the value of money; and, as will be
seen, the efficiency of the domestic economy reacts
in various ways on the economy of the mine.
Reverting to the question of housing, social
economists used to say that 10 per cent, of a
man's income was bis economic rent. Nowadays,
the town artisan frequently pays as high as 20
per cent., whilst the miner and his two sons,
earning together £5 per week, pay Is. 6d. in
rent, or 1V2 per cent, of their income. Real first
class, regular, physical work cannot be got from
a person who sleeps in an over-crowded, ill-ventilated
room. Tiie American
MINER MI'ST WORK
harder to maintain the standard of living practiced
there. He works generally 60 hours per
week; while the Scottish miner's maximum is,
through various restrictions, limited to 40 or 44.
and the average works out at about 4V2 days.
or 36 hours per week.
The importance of local industries as a means
of finding suitable employment for the miner's
family is a subject that receives less attention
than it should, as it has a most important bearing
on the cost of production. In the industrial
district there is employment for all the members
of the miner's family, whatever their age, sex, or
capability; while in the rural districts the outlet
is exceedingly limited. The miner's family is
better off in the town district, and if a strike,
lockout, or trade depression comes, all his eggs
are not in one basket. In addition, the coal
owner benefits very considerably in lower costs
per ton. The provision of suitable auxiliary industries
is a most important question for the

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
owner of collieries in remote country places, and
will repay close consideration. The employment
of girls at the pit-bank is a step in this direction,
but. in the writer's opinion, an inefficient
and undesirable one.
Take a colliery C, in which the size of the tubs
and the nature of the roads require men of full
physical strength for drawing, and compare it
with colliery D, in which the conditions are such
that boys and lads can do the work. A miner
who has a lad of his own will prefer to work in
D for 8s. per day, rather than in C for 10s. per
day, because in the latter case he must send his
lad to some lower-paid work. If the miner has
more than one lad, the difference in favor of D
is, of course, much greater. The writer is quite
aware that much thought is given to the matter
of the size of tub to be adopted at the colliery,
and a great many other points must be considered.
He respectfully urges the importance of
the foregoing.
At a small colliery of which the writer has
charge, he made it a
CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT
that every person should attend every working
day, or if absent should give a personal or written
reason for absence within the course of the
shift. Despite a little occasional grumbling, he
held firmly to this ground, with astoundingly
gratifying results. In the case of a large pit, the
local trades union would probably not have accepted
the arrangement, and he did not try it
there, but the economy of good attendance can
hardly be over-estimated. It might be pointed
out that of the collieries C and D previously
mentioned, the attendance in D will be the better.
If the miner in C takes a day off, he loses
his pay of 10s; but if the miner in I) takes a
clay off, he loses not only his own. but his lad's
pay—a total of 13s. The moral to be drawn from
this is that the colliery which supplies employment
for the greatest variety of labor has the
best attendance and the cheapest costs.
In the writer's opinion, a manager is sure to
learn something useful if he listens sympathetically
to the miner's reasons for leaving his employment.
It may very well be that the work
is unsuitable for the man's capabilities—but it
may also happen that the work, through preventable
causes, is quite unsuitable for the man of
ordinary capabilities, and this point requires immediate
attention.
At a pit top recently the writer saw a female
worker employed to stand at a certain point
where empty tubs hauled by a creeper passed.
It was cheaper to pay the attendant than to run
the risk of delay, and, as the wage paid was low,
it was not deemed advisable to devise a mechanical
safeguard; but. the manager is quite wrong
if he is contented to maintain the economy by
these means, and witohut
ADOPTING LABOR-SAVING
devices to attain the same objects, because these
economies cease to be economies whenever the
output through any cause falls. Real economy
means economizing labor; but the temptation to
economize in the matter of extra attendants is
very great—and the cumulative result is disastrous,
because a colliery managed on these lines
depends for its very life on keeping up output
at all costs. A fall in output is disastrous.
Wages are usually paid on a piecework basis
or on a time rate. The defects of the former
system are no incentive to regular attendance and
scamping of work; of the latter system the chief
defect is inefficiency, unless supervision is close
and stringent. The premium system, such as has
been so successful in the engineering industries,
has not been much practiced. The writer has
used this system for several years. It encourages
the good men to work steadily, and consoles the
mediocre man for the introduction of a third
workman into the working-place, and so the section
is wrought at high pressure. The great difficulty
is in fixing the premium line. If too high,
it is no incentive; if too low. it is costly.
The economic output of the ideal colliery is
when the full production capacity of the faces is
hauled and handled without undue hurry and
strain on the plant and the managing staff. Few
collieries are, however, ideal. Shafts are sunk
and plant installed to handle a large output which,
from natural and unexpected causes, the faces
cannot produce, and in less well-equipped and in
some old collieries coal can be got in quantities
that cannot be handled. In both cases the output
fluctuates. Undue strain, in the one case, is put
on the faces; in the other, on perhaps the winding
plant. In bygone times, when things were
done in a less strenuous fashion than nowadays,
it is probable that underproduction was common;
at the present time, overproduction is a usual
practice. In the writer's opinion, every colliery
should have its economic output determined; this
output should be maintained at that predetermined
figure, and neither lessened nor increased
until after deliberate consideration. Every manager
knows the little tricks by which output may
be stimulated, but every agent does not know
tho primary causes of
SUP.SEQUENT INC'REASEO COSTS.
If the handling of the output is the chief difficulty,
breakdown, delay, and heavy repair bills are the
consequence. If. in a troubled field, output is
forced above the capacity of the faces, lean months
follow the fat ones, and the average cost per ton
is higher than it need be. If double or treble
shifting is adopted as a permanent policy, the

educed individual efficiency may be more than
compensated by the increased aggregate output
produced without increased capital; but where
such shifting is adopted as a temporary measure,
there is, besides other reasons, a danger of overworking
the managing staff.
The cost of hand drawing, which the writer
terms the uneconomic gap, represents the most
expensive item on the costs sheet. A very common
practice in Scotland is to pay the miner a
hewing rate which includes drawing to a lye perhaps
500 yards outbye. It will usually be found
that two men are engaged in each place, one of
whom hews the coal, throws it to the roadhead,
stows the debris, and sets the timber. The other
man fills the coal and draws it to the lye. Then
if the tonnage rate is 3s., and 5 tons are produced
daily, the wage rate is 7s. 6d. If Is. per ton be
taken as fair remuneration for the actual filling
of the coal into the tubs, then the 3s. per ton
is apportioned as under: Hewing, etc., Is. 6d.;
filling, Is.; drawing, lid.; total, 3s. If the road
is 220 yards long, the rate per ton-mile is equal
to 4s. This is very high compared with endless
rope haulage at 3d. or 4d. and horse haulage at
Od. per ton-mile. Hand drawing is the most expensive
service rendered to the colliery.
In the case of a coal-cutter, the manager who
installs one in a section where tne draw is over
100 yards long is courting disaster, because the
cost of drawing more than swallows the prospective
economy; rapid clearing of the faces cannot
be done; and he has to commence w r ith a
high rate which he may find difficulty in breaking
when the length of draw is lessened. As a
matter of fact, tne question seldom arises, as
the air-pipes or electric cables are at hand, a
large output from a comparative short face is
ready, and mechanical haulage
IS EASILY ADOPTED:
hence hand drawing is practically eliminated. The
writer would venture to say that the advantages
and economies of mechanical coal-cutting do, in
very many cases, depend entirely on the large
output per face and the short draw. The machine
is, in fact, the occasion, not the cause, of
the economies.
In passing, the writer would express this opinion—that
unless in very hard or thin coal, or
other exceptional circumstances, if the face is
so short that a minimum of 60 tons per shift
cannot be got by a machine cutting to an ordinary
depth, cheaper coal can be got by hand, the
same drawing facilities being given in each case.
The conveyor face is another instance. A close
examination will show that the conveyor, where
successful, is so simply because it puts all the
coal from a given face at one point, from which
point efficient haulage can be applied, thus dis­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
pensing with hand drawing. Again, if inefficient
haulage is used in conjunction with the conveyor,
fewer men can be employed at the face,
a lower rate of advance is got, more debris is
required to maintain the face, and all the economies
disappear.
But as coal-cutters and conveyors cannot be
universally applied, hand cutting of coal must
continue, and mechanical haulage being out of
the question from a hand-worked face, the drawer
must be employed still. The question of the size
of the tub has already been touched on as one
of great importance, the objects being to employ
as cheap labor as possible, and to see that a
minimum of the drawer's time is spent actually
away from the face. The conditions, such as dip
of the seams, nature of the roof, extent of the
sections, and presence of faults, vary so much
in different collieries that no particular method
of economy could be universally applied. However,
it may be laid down that the drawing-roads
should be kept as short as possible, and in the
highest state of efficiency.
In order to make the roads efficient, the writer
suggests that the contour of every road in the
pit over which 20 tons or more per shift is drawn,
and on every road which costs extra money for
drawing, should be known. By
CONTOUR IS MEANT,
not the fixing of spot-levels on the plan, but a
regular systematic detailed contour of each road.
That is the first requirement necessary, in order
to minimize the use of mere physical or mechanical
force in transit. The roadsman has hitherto
ruled supreme by rule cf thumb on the drawingroad,
the cuddie-road,t the cousie § and the horseroad.
Let a very little modicum ot intelligence
be introduced.
The writer has used such a system for several
years, with very good results. The information
cannot always be made use of for economy, and
where "creep" is taking place difficulties intervene.
But, if the horizontal plan is practically
and legally necessary, why should not the vertical
plan (the contour) be determined and known?
The system practiced is as follows: A straightedge
10 feet long is used, and leveling is started
from the outbye end at a bench mark, or point,
the height of which with reference to the datum
line is known. At every third length leveled, a
mark is chalked on the side of the road thus—
3, 6, 9, etc. The leveling is never plotted, the
improvements to be wrought on the road being
determined entirely by arithmetic. In a table
used the total column shows at each point the
total height above the starting point. Column A
shows the height above the starting point at each
point on a mean gradient. In column B is shown
tCuddie-road = jig-brow, SCousie = a self-acting incline.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
with a plus sign each point where the rails have
to be raised, and with a minus sign that where
they have to be lowered.
If the contour is found before the road is
brushed, first, the gradient is determined, and, of
course, the ideal is a mean gradient throughout.
Before fixing the gradient, it is well to consider
that part of the road with reference to the part
outbye, the gradients of which may be modified,
and so effect the part under consideration. Then
the probable contour to be got inside has to be
thought of, as it might well happen that, in order
to get on a given length of road a gradient of
1 in lo. 2 feet is ripped out of the pavement within
50 yards of the face. Then an upthrow is
got, and, which improvements
ARE NEXT WROUGHT,
it may be found that a mean gradient throughout
the old and the new parts of the road is what
is wanted—which, by the way, means not only
filling up the place where the pavement was
ripped, but taking extra height from the roof to
raise the level 2 feet higher at this point than
the original pavement level. Assuming that the
mean gradient of 1 in 60 is determined on, this
means a rise of 2 in. in 120, the length of the
straight-edge. These figures are then put in column
A, and in column B is shown the amount
in inches at every point by which the road has
to be raised or lowered. A note is handed to the
man in charge of the brushing, showing howmuch
he has to bank the rails at each chalked
mark, or how much he has to cut lower in the
pavement.
Again, supposing that a mean gradient will cost
too much time or money, then varied gradients
can be easily got from the booked level. The
writer frequently adopts varied gradients, so as
to avoid cutting into the pavement or into hard
roofs. Generally speaking, he finds that, in ordinary
metals, to rip 2 feet out of the pavement
in order to lower the rails costs twice as much
as 2 feet cut out of the roof so as to raise the
rails. He has taken down as much as 16 feet
from the roof cheaply, but to cut even 4 feet from
the pavement is costly, as well as being slow.
The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal &
Coke Co. has filed complaint with the interstate
commerce commission against the Union Railroad
Co., the Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh & Lake Erie
and other iines, alleging that it had been forced
to close the Risher mine, in Mifflin township,
Allegheny county, because of discrimination
against it by the trunk lines made defendant in
the proceeding.
The Norfolk & Western Railroad has ordered 40
freight locomotives of the Mallet type from the
Baldwin locomotive works.
For violating the rules of an injunction of the
Federal court, Judge A. C. Dayton, in the Federal
court at Phillipi. W. Va.. April 25, sentenced 13
miners and one woman who were implicated in
the trouble with the strikers and the officials of
the West Virginia & Pittsburgh Coal Co. at Col­
liers severals months ago. Attorney Palmer, representing
the strikers, said the defendants would
not appeal their cases and would begin to serve
their sentences.
President John P. White of the United Mine
Workers, on April 27, called a special meeting of
the International Executive board for May 4 for
the purpose of considering the question of a gen­
eral strike of the mine workers throughout the
country as a protest against the Colorado mining-
situation.
The Scalp Level Coal Mining Co. has put in
operation a relief system for its men, the company
duplicating all the amounts paid by the
employees and the total sum will be used in
paying relief to the men when they are sick or
injured.
Mine Inspectors T. A. Furniss, of the Tw-elfth
district; Thomas T. Thompson, of the Twentyeighth
district, will hold examinations for mine
foreman, assistant mine foreman and fire boss in
Punxsutawney, Pa., on May 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Employees of the Berwind-White Coal Mining
Co. at Windber. Pa., wili be paid cash prizes
ranging from $25 to $5 for the best kept yards,
gardens and houses, the competition ending No­
vember 14.
President J. T. Dempsey, of District No. 1,
United Mine Workers, has announced his candidacy
for the State Senate from the Scranton,
Pa., district on the Democratic ticket.
The strike of 170,000 coal miners in the Yorkshire
district of England has been settled, the
men going back to work pending an adjustment
of their wage demands.
The Jacob Singer estate, Johnstown, Pa., has
sold to Charles Suppes, Jr., and Telford Lewis, of
Johnstown, and W. P. Graff, of Blairsville, Pa.,
200 acres lying in Conemaugh township, Cambria
county, Pa., for $90,000. Three seams of coal underlie
the property.
Newspaper reports are to the effect that the
tonnage of the Consolidation Coal Co. contracted
for from the Somerset, Pa., field for export in
1914 amounts to 1,140,000.

| NECROLOG1CAL fl
Mr. James McDonald, western manager of sales
of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., with offices in Chicago,
died at bis home in Evanston, 111., April 20. Mr.
McDonald had been in the coal business for prac­
tically 25 years, in which time he had risen from
bookkeeper to one of the most important selling
positions in the western tiade. Mr. McDonald was
born July 21, 1865, at Lincoln, England, and grad­
uated from Oxford University. He came to Amer­
ica in about 1885. In 1890, Mr. McDonald accepted
a position with the Chicago, Wilmington & Ver­
million Coal Co*, as bookkeeper. In 1904, lie oi­
ganized the Interstate Coal & Coke Co., which
opened a mine in Ohio, and which took over the
sale of the coal of the William Job Coal Co. In
1910, .Mr. McDonald went with tbe Pittsburgh Coal
Co. as westein manager of sales. He occupied
that position at the time of bis death. In 1891,
Mr. McDonald married Miss Florence R. Lemmon,
who, with two children, survives him.
U. S. Stafford, outside mine foreman of the
Consolidation Coal Co., at Chiefton, W. Va., died
recently after an lilness of a few days. Mr. Staf­
ford was a native of Preston County, belonging
to a well known family in that section of the
state. For the past 15 years he has been located
at Chiefton, coming there about the time of the
opening of the mining plant. Hi- was an experienced
man in the mining business, and was
one of the valued and trusted employees of his
firm. At the time of his death he was 48 years
of age. and is survived by bis wife and four chil­
dren.
Mr. Thomas B. Bancroft, state mine inspector
of Ohio from 1884 to 1888, under the administrations
of Govs. Hoadley and Foraker, died at his
home in Springfield, O., recently, aged 74. He
was a native of Philadelphia, Pa., and had been
a resident of Ohio since the early '7o's. He is
survived by two daughters, Mrs. B. H. Akin, of
Columbus, ()., ancl Miss Clara Bancroft, of Ma­
con, Ga.
Mr. J. B. Irish, member of tbe firm of Irish
Bros., one of the best known coal-operating firms
in Cambria, Center, Clearfield and Clarion coun­
ties. Pa., died suddenly April 25 just as he was
about to enter bis home at Norristown, Pa. He
had just returned from a business trip to Phila­
delphia when summoned. Mr. Irish was about
60 years of age.
J. S. Wiley, a prominent Iowa operator, died at
the Red Cross Hospital in Kansas City on April
17. He was 75 yeais old. Mr. Wiley retired
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
from active business two years ago. Prior to
that time he was president of the Marquette
Third Vein Coal Co. The body was taken to
Davenport, Iowa, for interment.
Mr. John H. Davis, of Sf. Clair, Pa., one of
the best known coal operators of the anthracite
region, dropped dead in front of the St. Clair
National bank, St. Clair, Pa., recently. He was
aged about 60, and had spent practically all bis
lite in the anthracite region. In addition to
operating tile Ellsworth colliery, lie was presi­
dent of the bank in front of which he died.
VICTOR-AMERICAN FUEL COMPANY'S
REPORT SHOWS DECREASED RETURNS.
In the fourth annual report of the Victor-
American Fuel Co., for tho year ending June 30,
1913, Vice President XV. J. Murray says:
The net income was $591,542. After providing
for fixed charges and depreciation reserves, a
balance of $257,107 (being $101,357 less than in
1911-12) was carried to credit of profit and loss.
On November 5, 1912, a dividend of 1V2 per cent.
on the capital stock foi- the six months ending
June 30, 1912, was paid, and on June 3, 1913, a
further 1V2 per cent, lor the half-year ending
December 30, 1912. After making allowances for
these dividends and other minor adjustments, the
credit balance in profit and loss account June 30,
1913, was $198,513. The decrease in tonnage of
coal produced was 73,390 tons; in tonnage of
coke, 10,981 tons.
The decrease in surplus income was brought
about by a number of causes, mainly of a temporary
character. On April 1, 1912. an advance
in wages to all mine employees of 10 per cent.
was put into effect, and on March 5, 1913, in Colorado,
and August 1, 1913, in Xew Mexico, an
8-hour day was imt into effect, causing a reduction
of 2o per cent, in the hours the mines were
operated daily without any corresponding reduction
in wages. On most of our steam-coal contracts
an equal increase in the price of coal was
secured, but the price of domestic coals could
only be increased gradually to meet this.
On June 18, 1912, an explosion of gas in the
Hastings mine caused the death of 12 miners and
a considerable property loss, and greatly curtailed
the production of coal throughout the year and
increased the cost of the smaller tonnage produced.
Unusual expenditures in painting and re­
pair of tenant houses, increase in taxes, pay­
ments for personal injuries and reduced dividends
from the Western Stores Co. account for fully
one-half of the decrease in surplus income.
The Stores Co. suffered a large loss in the
volume of business transacted in an effort to

40 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
check the growing evil of credit sales, but by the
close of the year the business had resumed its
normal proportions.
During the year there was a great scarcity of
mine labor, resulting in a loss of tonnage and an
abnormal expense in shipping men into the min­
ing districts. This shortage of mine employes
was general throughout the United States and
was to some extent occasioned by the large num­
ber of Slavs. Greeks, Bulgarians, etc.. who returne
dhome during the Balkan War.
The New Mexico mines showed a material in­
crease in earnings, confirming the expectations
expressed in the last annual report.
Short tons
Coal produced
Coal sold
Coke produced
Coke sold
RESULTS FOR 1 CARS ENDING JUNE 30.
Coal purchased and sold.
Gross earnings
Operating expenses
Total net income
Deduct—
Int. on V.-A. F. bonds....
Int. on V. F. bonds
Depreciation
Dividends
1912-13
2,155,059
2,043,251
43,619
44,685
42,192
$3,458,169
2,SS8,602
$569,567
641.799
25,920
9,135
23,742
135,908
91,100
1911-12
2.228,448
2,069,361
54.600
52,625
6,459
$3,457,062
2,805,471
8651,591
739,980
20,339
10,(108
28,256
127,325
92,350
98,887 103,238
(3) 282,000 (22 1258,500
Total deductions $666,692 $640,016
Bal., sur. or def def 24,893 stir 99,964
BALANCE SHEET JUNE 30.
Assets— 1913
Real estate $ 9.913,0(13
Equipment 2,918,796
West Stores Co. stock 210.000
Col. & S. E. R. R. stock 100,000
Col. & S. E. Ry. bds 300,000
Mtn. Tel. Co. stock 15.000
Bond redem. accounts 121,092
Development 204,825
Advance royalty 44,955
Supplies 104,549
Cash in banks 130,170
Accounts and bills rec 389,830
Treasury bonds (V. A. F. Co.) 226,000
Liabilities— 1913
Capital stock $ 9.400,000
1st and ref. M. 6s 2,675,000
Victor Fuel Co. bds 1,822,000
Interest accrued 113,577
Bills payable 175,000
Vouch, and pay-rolls 192,660
Taxes accer. unpaid 14,000
Unpaid coupons 195
Net liability to sub. cos. on current
account 57,190
Res. for bond redem 68,110
Disc, on V. F. Co. bonds red S51
Profit and loss *198,513
Total $14,731,670
'- After deducting losses of $19.S23 for Hastings
accident; $21,465 for general employment, and
$9,831 miscellaneous, and adding miscellaneous
credits of $5,673.
NORFOLK AND WESTERN SHIPMENTS.
T. H. Hobart, general coal freight agent of the
Norfolk & Western Railroad, has announced the
tonnage of coal and coke on that road for the
month of March and for the three months ending
March 31.
The tonnage for March, 1914, was 2,215,1SS. as
against 1,898,SS8 for March, 1913, an increase of
316,300 tons. The figures also show that for the
first three months of this year the shipments of
coal and coke amounted to 6,062.091, as against
6,143,404 for the corresponding period of last
year, a decrease of SI,313 tons.
The detailed statement follows:
March
Shipments. 1913 1914
Tidewater foreign coal 120.2S8 158,247
Tidewater foreign coke 70
Tidewater coastwise coal 327,631 342,530
Other domestic coal 1,303,239 1,611,341
Other domestic coke 147,660 103,070
Total 1,898,888 2.215,188
3 mos. ending 3-31.
Shipments 1913 1914
Tidewater foreign coal 3S7.294 42S.672
Tidewater foreign coke 10,034 15
Tidewater coastwise coal 973,751 991,S63
Other domestic coal 4,333,531 4,323,872
Other domestic coke 45S.794 317,669
Total 6,143,404 6,062,091
Coal on hand 5,120
Miscellaneous 48,330 The Saw Mill Run Coal & Supply Co., Pitts­
Total $14,731,670
burgh, has sold its property to the Youghiogheny
Coal Co.

FEDERAL AUTHORITY ASSERTED IN
COLORADO TO END LAWLESSNESS.
United States troops are now in control of the
coal fields of Colorado, in response to a request
from the authorities of that state for federal as­
sistance in putting down the lawlessness that has
prevailed for several weeks.
Following the season of comparative quiet in
the Colorado coal fields, rioting on the part of
the striking miners broke out again during the
fortnight, and resulted in the re-occupation of the
district by the National Guard of Colorado. This
was followed by pitched battles between the strikers
and mine guards and the troops.
The most serious of these battles occurred at
Ludlow, where one of the tent colonies was situated,
and ended in the total destruction of the
camp and the loss of a considerable number of
lives.
April 25, a commission was appointed by Gov.
Ammons to investigate the troubles, consisting of
Chief Justice G. W. Musser of the supreme court,
A. R. King, associate justice of the same court
and three other persons. They left at once for
Trinidad, where the center of the trouble seemed
to ba located.
April 26 another battle took place between the
strikers and the troops and the town of Chandler
was taken possession of by the strikers. The
same day Gov. Amnions telegraphed President Wilson
for federal troops and the President conferred
with representatives relative to tbe situation.
April 27 President Wilson sent a personal representative
to New York to confer with Mr. John D.
Rockefeller, Jr., in an effoi t to have the latter
aid in ending the rioting. Mr. Rockefeller would
not interfere. The same clay the rioting spread
to other towns in both the Northern and Southern
fields. A special session of the Colorado legislature
was called to take up the strikes ancl the
rioting.
April 2S President Wilson issued a proclamation
declaring that the state authorities were unable
to cope with the internal disorder within her borders
and counselling all persons to refrain from
rioting or creating other disturbances, and at the
same time directed that U. S. troops be sent to
the scene to restore ordei. Six troops of cavalry
were dispatched to the coal field and assumed
charge of the situation.
In the meantime there had been other disturbances
and several of the niining towns had been
the scenes of battles. During the fighting between
strikers and the state troops a number of
the surface plants of the mines bad been burned
and one of the mines set on fire.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 41
PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY
OPPOSES RATE INCREASE.
Briefs in opposition to an increase of freight
rates asked by the eastern railroads were filed
with the Interstate Commerce commission
on behalf of the Pittsburgh Coal Co., the New
Pittsburgh Coal Co. and the state railroad commissions
in the eastern classification territory
when arguments in the case were resumed April
28.
The brief of the coal companies asserts that
exhibits of the carriers show that gross and net
returns for 1913, particularly for the coal carrying
roads, are more satisfactory than they have
been in the past. The situation, it is declared,
calls for an adjustment of rates as between traffic
and localities, unless "what the traffic will bear"
and tbe "value of the service to the shipper," as
determined by the interested carriers, are to continue
for the future. The brief asserts that mine
products, including coal, now bear more than their
share of the transportation burden and adds that
the profits earned by the roads on coal range
from 100 to 300 per cent.
WEST VIRGINIA COAL MINING IN­
STITUTE TO MEET IN CUMBERLAND.
The semi-annual meeting of the West Virginia
Coal Mining Institute will be held in Cumberland.
Md., on June 2, 3, and 4. The announcement
to this effect was made by Prof. E. N. Zern,
of the School of Mines at the University of West
Virginia, the secretary of the organization. Prof.
Zern made his announcement after the choice of
Cumberland by the members of the executive
committee had been confirmed by President Neil
Robinson.
The invitation, which came from the business
organizations of Cumberland, was received some
time ago as were invitations from several cities
in the northern part of the state. Cumberland
was selected because of its easy accessibility and
because a number of the Maryland operators and
miners wanted to entertain the West Virginians.
The coming session of the Institute will be
'•practical." A number of interesting papers will
be read on practical mining questions rather than
theoretical subjects. Practical mining men from
the surrounding coal mining states will attend
the Insritute meeting and will take part in the
proceedings. The detailed program will be announced
later.
Membership in the West Virginia Coai Mining
Institute is open to operators and miners and
other persons connected with the coal industry
of the state and it is expected that more than
200 persons will attend the Cumberland meeting.

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA REACHES WAGE
SETTLEMENT, ETC.
I CONTINUED FROM PAGE 22)
April 21, the joint conference assembled, but
little was done. The work began tbe next day,
April 2, when ibe miners presented their foimal
demands, which were:
First—We demand that all coal be weighed before
screened and paid for on the mine run basis.
Second—That 49.64 cents be the price per ton
for machine cutting and loading.
Third—That 71 3/7 cents per ton pick mining
be paid.
Fourth—That the present differentials above the
Hocking price be retained on a relative basis.
Fifth- That all narrow work be paid in the
same proportion as paid under the Cleveland
agreement. Break-throughs to be paid the same
price as entries.
Sixth—That the price now being paid for in­
side day labor be reaffirmed.
Seventh- That eight hours shall constitute a
day's work.
Eighth—That all internal differences, both as
to prices and conditions, be referred to the dif­
ferent sub-districts for adjustment.
Ninth—That the contract be in force and in
effect until March 31, 1910.
These demands were rejected by the operators,
who proposed a scale of 41.12 cents per ton for
machine mined coal, anil 01 cents per ton for
pick mined coal, il' compelled to operate under
the anti-screen law. In turn they offered the
men a renewal of the old scale, under screened
coal conditions, which likewise was rejected.
Following the disagreement the two sets of demands
were placed in the hands of a sub-committee
of three operators and three miners which
immediately took up the work of negotiating.
This committee reiiorted to the joint conference
April 24. that it was unable to agree on any
basis of settlement, and the conference then adjoin
ned without further action.
Immediately following the adjournment the
mine winkers officials announced they would ask
the operators of the different sub-districts to
n t their employes and arrange settlements for
the sub-districts, on the present basis, but that
these agreements could not run longer than May
2C
On the heels of the failure of the committee
of miners and operators to reach an agreement
as to wages, it became known that the newly
created United States commission on industrial
relations may take action. This fact became public
through tin* commission's special investigator,
Alexander M. Dailey, who has been in Ohio for
three weeks investigating the coal situation.
Mr. Dailey's report has been submitted to the
commission at Washington, D. C, and by it will
be given to Congress through the secretary of
the interior. It is anticipated that the commission
will wait a reasonable time for further
negotiations and may then take up a public investigation
and possibly conduct hearings in
Ohio.
The initial hearing in the suit of the Rail &
River Coal Co. against the Industrial commis­
sion was had at Toledo, 0., April 27, before
Judges J. M. Ki 11 its, John W. Warrington and
John E. Safer. The preliminary steps taken included
the presentation of the complaint's case
and the filing of its brief.
INDIANA AGREEMENT HANGS FIRE.
The settlement of the wage question in Indiana
is hanging lire, with a sul: committee of four
operators and an equal number of miners considering
the demands of tlie miners.
The joint conference, which was in session at
tiie time of our last issue failed to reach any
agreement, and the whole matter was finally left
to a sub-committee consisting of: Miners, President
William Houston. Secretary Charles Fox,
John Hosier, ol' Hymera, and P.. .1. Hixon, of
West Tern- Haute, while the operators are represented
by Phil H. Penna, Hugh Shirkie, John
Hewitt and John Templeton. This committee retained
Mr. Shirkie as president and Mr. Fox as
secretary.
The demands of the miners are:
1. We demand a 7-cent differential between
pick and machine mined coal.
3. We demand that the niiners* powder shall
be delivered by the companies from the magazine
to the working place of the miner, and that
the companies shall be responsible for all powder
lost in transit.
2A. We demand that powder shall be union
made, if union made powder can be furnished;
price for same shall be $1.25 per keg.
3. We demand that the companies shall deliver
the mules to the bottom of the shaft and shall
receive them at the same place.
4. We demand that the companies shall pay
for all break-throughs between rooms.
5. We demand that the machine men shall be
exempt from the payment of blacksmithing.
(I. We demand a uniform rate for all slate and
dirt bands in the coal, the prices to be five cents
per lineal yard in rooms and three cents per
lineal yard in entries.
7. We demand that section 2 of article S be
amended by striking out semi-monthly on or before
the loth and 25th of each month, and insert
weekly.
8. We demand a uniform day of eight hours

for engineers, firemen and blacksmiths at the
present scale of prices, and in case of emergency
work pay for over-time shall be paid at the prevailing
rate.
9. We demand that blacksmithing be changed
or reduced to read as follows: Half cent on
the dollar for pick work and one-quarter cent for
machine mines or machine work, and that the
miners' blacksmithing shall consist of sharpening
all of their tools in a workmanlike manner, putting
in pick handles and sledge handles, welding
drill-bits, fixing thread-bars on boxings, ancl all
necessary work, witho.it any extra charge over
the amount mentioned above.
10. We demand that any member of the United
Mine Workers of America seeking employment
deposit his card with the check-weigher and receive
employment in turn.
11. We demand that machine men shall make
their own bottom, and when the bottom can not
be taken up by the loader with a shovel, and
that when the company desires the bottom lifted
it shall pay for the same.
12. We demand that where any company operates
more than one mine on the same line of
road in the same vein of coal the work between
the respective mines shall be equally divided.
13. We insist that a record be kept of all subscale
committees.
14. We demand that all cars be placed at
the working face of the coal, or where same are
to be loaded.
15. We demand that article 8 of section 1
be changed to read as follows: "Where miners
shall be docked for dirty coal the miners loading
such dirty coal shall be docked 25 cents per car,
the same to be voted by local to some brother
that has been sick or hurt, and that 100 pounds
of impurities to a ton of coal shall constitute
a dock."
16. We demand that the companies shall have
the working places in a working condition at time
of starting work in the morning, and if any company
fails to have said places in such condition
at starting work in the morning, and if any
company fails to have said places in such condition
at starting time the company shall pay the
miner or miners for such time lost, or shall furnish
them other employment, such as they are
qualified to perform until such place or places
are in working condition.
Amendments to clauses of the present agreement
as proposed by the operators are as follows:
Article 5, Section 3. First, the wages of motormen
shall be $3.30 per day, except men employed
on gathering motors, who shall receive $2.84,
and trappers, $1.40 per day.
Article 5, Section 8. Second, in the absence
of any driver, any miner who can drive shall
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
do so when requested by the mine boss driver,
and the miner leaving his place to drive shall be
permitted to load one car when he is so employed.
Article S, Section 1. Third, when the coal is
paid for mine-run it shall be mined in as good
condition as when paid for on a screened-lump
basis; and when loaded on the miner's car it
shall as nearly as possible, be free from slate,
bone coal or other impurities; and if any miner
shall load impurities in such quantities as to
indicate knowledge and intent he shall be discharged.
Article 8, Section 10. Fourth, work on driving
entries and drawing pillars may be by doubleshift,
at the option of the operator, and in all
pillar work men shall work double.
Article 8, Section 15. Fifth, men shall work
double in wide entries in pick and machine
mines, at the option of the operator, in the
developing of the mine for the purpose of maintaining
or increasing production.
Article 8, Section 16, 17 and IS. Sixth, each
two loaders in the machine mines shall be given
two places.
Article 8, Section 29. Seventh, all machine
men shall work on idle days or by night, at the
operator's option, to make up any lost time by
their machines.
Article 8, Section 31. Eighth, the check-weighman
at the respective mines shall be elected from
the employes in the mine, and he shall furnish
the mine boss, from day to day, a turn sheet,
and the mine boss shall cause the turn to be
regulated, etc. When the chain machine is used
the mining rate for said machine shall include
the snubbing of coal by the use of powder or
other methods, as conditions may warrant and
the miner elects.
The sub-committee is considering all these demands
and when action has been taken will call
together the joint conference.
WEST VIRGINIA NEGOTIATING.
The operators and miners of West Virginia
have failed to reach an agreement on the wage
question, and negotiations are still on, with the
niiners having held a special convention to amend
their demands.
When the joint conference met April 14, there
was some dispute over the personnel of the
miners' representatives, and in consequence the
joint conference did not organize until the following
day, when seven of the miners conferees
withdrew.
The joint conference organized by selecting
Robert Holder of Elk Ridge, a miner, as chairman,
and D. C. Kennedy, representing the operators,
as secretary. The operators representatives
are: E. O. Dana, Edward Sehonebaum, J.

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
W. Dawson, H. S. Lingle, John L. Dickinson,
William Crichton, Jr., D. C. Kennedy, James Kay,
F. O. Harris, Michael Gallaher, E. A. Cole, D. T.
Evans, G. H. Powell, L. C. Tippett, Frank P.
Stewart. The scale committee of niiners is:
Robert Holden, representing the district from
Montgomery up the Chesapeake & Ohio; Fred
Mooney from Montgomery up the Kanawha &
Michigan; J. V. Bagley, Kelley's Creek; James
Scott, Paint Creek; Don Turner, Winifrede; XV.
F. Ray, Raymond City, and Walter Boomer,
Pomeroy, both for the Pomeroy Bend region;
James Flood, Campbells Creek; Thomas Cairnes,
Charleston; A. T. Clark, Elk River; Walter Deal,
East Bank, for Morris Creek; Amos Polley, Briar
Creek; B. Linville, Eskdale; G. Polley, Gauley;
J. L. Polley, Bell Creek; Morris Gunnoe, Peytonia.
The demands of the miners, presented after the
conference was organized, were:
Charleston, W. Va.. March 31, 1914.
To the Convention of Delegates, District No. 17,
U. M. W. of A., in Charleston assembled:
The following are the demands of the miners
of the Kanawha district of West Virginia, to
take effect from April 1, 1914, and continue for
one year, ending March 31, 1915:
1. A 10 per cent, increase on the present price
of pick mining and an advance on machine mining
that shall leave the differential as it is; a
10 per cent, increase on all inside day labor;
a 10 per cent, increase on all outside day labor,
and that all outside labor be made uniform.
2. Dead Work.—Base 1 inch thick, 3 feet deep
and 18 inches wide or less, all over 18 feet wide
to count for two measurements.
Scale for slate and impurities:
First 6 inches 5c per inch
6 to 12 inches Sc per inch
12 to 18 inches 10c per inch
18 to 14 inches 12c per inch
20 to 30 inches 15c per inch
Al slate of thickness above 30 inches to be
adjusted locally. This slate scale to apply to
all seams of coal covered by this contract.
3. In narrow work 5c per ton extra shall be
paid until width reaches 18 feet, and all over 18
feet shall be considered wide work.
4. That a change in the basing of all seams
be made where we can prove as established
wrong.
5. That company shall pay all track and that
all track material be hauled by company.
6. That the within demands are based on the
eight-hour day. This means that eight hours
shall constitute a day's work, and that this clause
shall replace Rule No. 10 of the Kanawha agreement,
1912. Drivers to receive time from time
of taking mules from stable to time of returning
them to stable.
7. A check-off through the company office for
all dues, assessments and initiations. This rule
to take the place of rule No. 2, Kanawha agreement,
1912.
S. That motormen, motormen's helpers and
wiremen are to receive the rate of wages made
for motormen. Motormen to receive pay from
time of receiving motor until returning same.
9. That all machine cutting be paid for on
tonnage basis, except where machine cutting is
paid for by the day. Machine men are to receive
same as motormen.
10. The system of docking now in force shall
be revised so as to read as follows: For the
first offense within one pay, a notice shall be
given; for the second offense a fine of 50 cents
shall be checked be given; for the second offense
a fine of $1 shall be checked off, and all
fines paid into the local treasury of the union.
11. That we reserve the right to hire and discharge
the physician, and permission given the
physician to have an office on company premises,
and that his pay be checked off through the office.
12. Men shall be hired according to their application.
This means that no man shall be hired
until the applicant who preceded him has received
work.
13. An equal turn for all extra work on idle
days, and that when miners are required to bail
water 25 cents per box be paid for same.
14. Three places in machine work for two
men.
15. That the price of powder be $1.50, and
that all powder be union made.
16. That when hard coal is separated from
soft coal, the price for loading hard coal shall
be the price paid for splint coal niining.
17. That all grievances left to local adjustment
be drawn up in writing.
18. That employes shall have right to trade
where they please, and no concern shall be used
to prevent any one from delivering goods to them
on company property.
19. That Raymond City seam be based on
Coalburg seam.
20. That companies deliver empties to face
of eoal and receive loads at face.
21. That Paint Creek mines now working
under agreement carrying less rate than the
Kanawha scale be placed on same basis as said
Kanawha agreement, and that Powelton seam
be based on No. 2 Gas.
22. That all contracts except those drawn up
by the mine workers and operators shall be
eliminated and lived up to only to the face of
those contracts.
23. That all other rules regulating local con-

ditions under the Kanawha agreement of 1912
be attached to local contract.
Rule 7 of the Kanawha agreement is to be
replaced by the following: That all coal in this
district be weighed before screening.
24. This contract to remain in force till March
31, 1915. And it is understood that negotiations
for a new contract shall begin 30 days prior to
the termination of this agreement and shall
continue for one month thereafter, should negotiations
for a new contract replace rule 4 of
the Kanawha agreement, 1912.
These demands were rejected by the operators
who, in turn presented a proposition which,
among other things asked the men to accept a
cut in wages from 49 cents per ton to 45 cents
per ton in big vein territory.
April 21, the joint conference having failed to
reach an agreement, the questions at issue were
left to a sub-committee consisting of Messrs.
Edward Schonbaum, Michael Gallagher and Frank
B. Stewart, operators, and Robert Holder, Don
Turner and John Bagley, miners, with instructions
to meet daily until some decision is arrived
at.
April 24 the committee was in a deadlock and
adjourned until April 29, and in the meantime
the miners were to call a special convention to
consider modifications of the demands.
The special convention of niiners met April
27, but after an all day discussion failed to arrive
at any conclusion.
DEATH OF GEORGE F. BAER.
Mr. George F. Baer, president of the Philadelphia
& Reading Railway, and of the Philadelphia
& Reading Coal & Iron Co., died at his home in
Philadelphia April 26. He was stricken on the
street April 25 while walking to his office and
never recovered consciousness. Although approaching
72, Mr. Baer had been unusually active
and his associates considered him in the best of
health. Gastric trouble, supplemented by a ki'iney
disorder, is believed by the physicians to
have been responsible for Mr. Baer's death. Mr.
Baer began his career as a lawyer and celebrated
the fiftieth anniversary of his admission to the
bar. For nearly 15 years he was employed as
personal counsel for the late J. Pierpont Morgan.
George F. Baer became prominent in the reorganization
of the Philadelphia & Reading Railway
in 1893 and was elected president of that
company and the coal company and also of the
New Jersey Central Railroad in 1901. Mr. Baer
was born near Lavansville, Somerset county. Pa.,
Sept. 26, 1S42. He was descended from a long
line of German ancestry. In his boyhood he got
little academic training, his education apart from
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
the country schools, consisting of a brief course
at Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa.
His greater training came from contact with life
in his experiences as printer's devil, editor, amateur
surveyor, and m an active military career,
beginning as captain of a volunteer company in
the Civil war and terminating with his discharge
as adjutant general of the Second brigade, Army
of tbe Potomac. This was followed by his taking
up law- and the coincidence of his admission to
the bar, and trying and winning of his first case,
and his twenty-second birthday. In 1868 he removed
to Reading and in 1870 was counsel for
the Reading company in which capacity he had
charge of much important litigation. He was
elected a director of the company in the 80s, but
resigned under the McLeod administration. Mr.
Baer was a member of the German Reformed
church. He was interested in literature and historical
research and was the author of papers on
the early history of the Pennsylvania Germans.
WEST VIRGINIA MINE DISASTER.
The Nos. 5 and 6 mines of the New River Collieries
Co. at Eccles, W. Va., were the scenes of
a disastrous explosion April 28, when 178 lives
were lost and the mines were completely wrecked.
The explosion, supposed to be of gas, occurred
at 2.30 p. m. in No. 5 mine, and was followed in
a few- minutes by another explosion. Shortly
afterward an explosion was heard in No. 6 mine,
and all three were followed by fire. The two
mines connect underground, and it is believed
the explosion in No. 5 led to the one in No. 6.
No. 5 mine was known as a gaseous mine and employed
fire bosses to see that gas was not in sufficient
quantities to prove dangerous.
There were 270 men in the mines at the time
of the explosion and 92 of them escaped, although
several were badly burned.
Chief of the Department of Mines Earl Henry,
accompanied by his chief assistant and by Gov.
Hatfield, hurried to the scene and assumed charge
of the rescue work.
Dr. J. A. Holmes, director of the U. S. Bureau
of Mines, and two rescue cars, with a full force
of men also aided in the work of rescue, which
was difficult because of the fire that raged at the
foot of the shafts.
The disaster is the first one in the state since
the enactment of the Workmen's Compensation
law, and the burial of the dead and all the expenses
of tbe work must be borne by the compensation
fund. Representatives of the fund went
to the mine, and are working on the facts necessary
to arrive at the amounts to be paid the widows
and orphans of those who lost their lives.

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
TITLE OF BILL.
House Bill No. 124.
A bill for an act to provide for the health and
safety of persons employed in and about coal
mines, and for the protection of property connected
therewith, to create a Coal Mine Inspection
Fund and provide for the collection
thereof, to declare any violation of any of the
provisions of this act a misdemeanor, and to
provide penalties for such violations; and to
repeal Chapter XXVI1 of the Revised Statutes
of Colorado. 1908, and all otlier acts or parts
of acts in conflict herewith.
MEANING ol- WORD OWNER.
Section 1. That, whenever the word "owner" is
used in this act, or any act amendatory hereto, it
shall be taken to mean and include owner, lessee,
manager, superintendent, operator, or agent, receiver
or trustee operating any coal mine.
Section 2. That, whenever the words "mine" or
"coal mine" are used in this act, or any act amendatory
hereto, tbey shall be taken to mean a property
opened, or developed, or operated, for tbe purpose
of mining or taking out coal, and tbey shall
include all parts of tbe mining plant, whether on
the surface or underground, which contribute directly
or indirectly to the niining or handling of
coal; except such machinery or boilers as come
under the jurisdiction of tbe factory or boiler inspector's
department.
That whenever the words inspector or coal mine
inspector are used in this act or in any act amendatory
hereto they shall mean coal mine inspectors
in the employ of the state.
Whenever the word "approved" is used in this
act or any act amendatory to this act it shall mean
the approval of the Chief Coal Mine Inspector, except
when otherwise especially specified.
CHIEF AND DEPUTY INSPECTORS.
Section 3. There shall be aiipointed. as hereinafter
provided, a Chief Inspector of Coal Mines,
and five Deputy Inspectors.
BOARD OF EXAMINERS.
Section 4. There shall lie appointed a Board of
Examiners, whose duty it shall be to inquire into
the character and qualifications of candidates for
the office of Chief Inspector and Deputy Inspectors
of Coal Mines under the provisions of this act.
EXAMINERS -HOW APPOINTED.
Section 5. Within 30 days after the passage of
this act the Governor shall notify one judge of
each of three judicial districts in which coal mines
are operated to make appointments as follows:
COAL MINING LAWS OF COLORADO
two of said judges shall each appoint one reputable
coal miner of known experience and practice
at the time, from his judicial district. The
third judge shall appoint one reputable coal mine
owner, manager or other mine official and the
Governor shall appoint a coal mining engineer of
like repute, experience and practice at the time,
who shall constitute, together with the Chief Inspector
of Coal Mines, a Board of five Examiners
who shall hold office until the third Tuesday of
January, 1917. The duty of the Examining Board
so appointed shall be to examine candidates for
the positions of Chief Inspector, Deputy Inspectors
and mine officials and perform such other duties
as are provided for in this act. Provided, when
examinations are held to examine candidates for
the position of Chief or Deputy Inspectors, the
Chief Inspector shall not act as a member of the
Examining Board, but the other four members
of the Examining Board herein provided for shall
select the fifth member to act instead of the Chief
Inspector.
In the year 1917, on or before the third Tuesday
of January, and every fourth year thereafter, a
new Board of Examiners shall be appointed as
herein provided. The appointment of members
on the Board of Examiners shall be made from
tbe said judicial districts in regular rotational
order. Vacancies shall be filled in the same manner.
BOARD OF EXAMINERS HOW PAID.
Section 6. The members of the Board with the
exception of the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines
shall receive, in addition to the per diem hereinafter
mentioned, their actual and necessary traveling
ancl other expenses, incurred by them In attendance
upon meetings of the Board. The members
of the Board, with the exception of the Chief
Inspector of Coal Mines and the Coal Mining
Engineer, shall receive six dollars per day for
each day of actual service on the Board. The
Coal Mining Engineer shall receive ten dollars per
day for each day of actual service on the Board.
The State Coal Mine Inspector shall not receive
any extra compensation for his service on the
Board. The whole expense in connection with
the Examining Board shall be paid immediately
out of the Coal Mine Inspection Fund hereinafter
provided, upon the filing of the certificate or certificates
of time and expenses of the Examining
Board in the office of tbe Secretary of State, which
certificate shall show the actual time in which
each member of said Board is so engaged and shall
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 55)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
WELFARE WORK AT BENHAM, KY.*
By W. C. Tucker General Superintendent Wisconsin Steel Co . Benham. Ky.
In building the town of Benham we built neat,
comfortable houses of tw-o, three, four and five
rooms. These houses are on stone foundations,
have novelty siding or weather-boarding and are
plastered throughout with one coat of wood-fibre
plaster. We have found that plaster is more
cleanly and sanitary, makes a warmer, cleaner
house, and is at the same time cheaper than good
ceiling.
There are chimneys with grates in every room
except the kitchen, which is provided with a brick
flue. The town is cut up into block by regularly
laid out streets, each house is fenced separately
with a neat picket fence in front, and the back
yard has either a board or woven wire fence, and
there are alleys through center of blocks in rear
of lots for convenience in removing refuse, delivering
coal, etc.
Water is piped to the back yard of every house
from a dam built across a small mountain stream
and impounding about one-half million gallons of
water suitable for all domestic uses. Electric
lights are furnished at the rate of 25 cents per
room per month, the tenant supplying the lamps
after the initial installation. The houses are
painted and trimmed in different colors and are of
different designs, the idea being to give the appearance
of a village where the individual dwellers
are owners and have expressed their different
ideas in building and painting.
We insist that all tenants keep their yards clean,
and we haul away all trash and refuse and furnish
lime for the closets, which, by the way, are the
ordinary outside type as we have no general sewage
system—a vault is dug in the ground, cased
with lumber, and the closet set over this and filled
around with earth to exclude light ancl flies.
Under the plan followed by all mines our
EMPLOYEES CONTRIBUTE
a fixed sum toward a medical fund, which is
used to pay our physician a fixed salary and to
pay for all drugs; this also provides a visiting
nurse, an experienced trained graduate nurse who
visits the homes, attends the sick and instructs
the mothers in the care of their babies and helps
the physician in operations or accidents.
We have three churches, one for the colored
population, also one for the Catholics, and another
for the use of all Protestant denominations. The
company does not support these churches so far as
pastors or visiting preachers are concerned, but
does provide the buildings, furnish same, and
gives free electric light. The Protestant church is
supported financially by a league organized for
."Paper read before the Kentucky Mining Institute.
that purpose, and a regular Sunday school is carried
on by the denominations together and is self
supporting.
In order to give our people a full term school
we tax our men $1 for families with children of
school age, 50 cents for those with children under
shcool age or none, and 25 cents for single men.
This charge is monthly and when added to the
public funds enables us to have a good school the
full term, and we have three teachers and an enrollment
of about 140 pupils. In this case we are
acting on the idea of enlisting the employees' interest
and aid and insuring the attendance of the
children through their contributions.
Realizing that amusement is a necessity, it was
planned to erect our amusement hall, but through
the efforts and solicitations of the State Y. M. C. A.
secretary, this was abandoned and a Y. M. C. A.
building erected and equipped at a total cost of
about $15,000. This building is steam heated,
electrically lighted, and is equipped with tub
baths, shower baths, hot and bold water, lavatories,
closets, etc. It contains three pool tables,
one table for either pool or billiards, a double
bowling alley and a moving picture machine.
Shows are given three times a week for which a
charge is made ancl on Sunday afternoon a free
show of appropriate pictures is given. A handsome
soda fountain is in operation, cigars, candies,
etc., are sold. A neat barber shop is included
in the equipment and is kept busy. The moving
picture hall is used for a number of purposes as
well as shows.
The company contributes $100 iter month to the
operation of the Y. M. C. A., but its accounts
show that the association is paying all expenses
and a little more, not including the $100 donation,
though its object is not to make money, but to
afford a place for harmless amusement for our
men under the supervision of a regular Y. M. C. A.
secretary and to
REDUCE DRINKING AND ROWDYISM.
This plan certainly adds something to life in isolated
places such as most mining camps are.
Now, gentlemen, all this is not done for profit.
Neither is it done in order that we may say: "I
am more righteous than thou," but because the
company takes a personal interest in the welfare
of its employees individually ancl collectively and
believes that it is good business policy to get in
close touch with the employee, give him comfortable
quarters, living wages, and show him that we
realize and know he is a human being and not
merely a machine performing so many hours'
labor.
We intend to build a Y. M. C. A. for our colored

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
population also, and it is hoped that it will have
an influence for good among them, and tend to
reduce drunkenness, gambling, etc.
We have also planned to build a miners' wash
house but have not yet reached the point of actual
construction; a small park to be used as a general
recreation ground is under consideration. We
have now under construction a hotel to be steam
heated, electrically lighted and equipped with
modern comforts in the way of hot and cold water,
baths, etc.
The company has an industrial accident department
which provides the payment of one-half
wages for not more than two years on account of
accident. This plan also provides for three years'
wages in case of death from accident and a specific
amount for other serious accidents, such as
loss of eye, loss of foot, etc.
All the benefits provided by this plan and all
expenses of its administration are paid by the
Company, except one-half of the disability benefits
during the first 30 days, which is paid out of
a fund to which the employee contributes the nominal
sum of from six to ten cents per month according
to his wages.
Since the inauguration of this plan by the International
Harvester Co.. of which the Wisconsin
Steel Co. is a constituent part, several states have
enacted compensation laws, and in the states of
Illinois and Wisconsin, where such laws have
been enacted and where the harvester company
has industrial plants, the company has filed its
acceptance of these laws and is now operating
under same.
I think I have said enough of Benham, but in
closing I would like to get before this body a
statement concerning this workingmen's compensation
legislation, which is now attracting so much
attention.
The experience of our company has demonstrated
that operation under carefully prepared
compensation laws has a decided tendency to promote
more harmonious relations between the employer
and the employee, reduce personal injury
litigation to a minimum, and
INCREASE EFFICIENCY
to a noticeable extent, as one indirect effect of
compensating for all accidents is an increased effort
on the part of employers to reduce accidents.
These advantages are, of course, aside from the
distress and suffering of the injured employee of
the dependents of those who are fatally injured,
which are to some extent relieved by the compensation,
including necessary medical, surgical and
hospital service provided for under compensation
laws.
The object of so-called workmen's compensation
laws is to provide adequate and definite compensa­
tion to employees who become disabled as a result
of accidental injuries received in the course of
their employment, also to the dependents of employees
who meet with fatal accidents while on
duty. The underlying principle for legislation of
this kind is that an industry should bear the
burden of its industrial accidents in the same way
as it bears the burden of fire insurance and replacement
of machinery and equipment. This
compensation should be provided regardless of
who is to blame for the accident, and practically
all of the compensation laws abolish the usual
common law defenses, namely:
1. That the employee assumed the risk of his
employment.
2. That the accident was due to the negligence
of a fellow servant, or
3. That the accident was due to the contributory
negligence of the injured employee.
Prior to this year, fourteen states enacted workingmen's
compensation laws, including Illinois,
Michigan, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio and
Wisconsin. In addition to these laws, the legislatures
of fifteen other states are considering bills
providing for similar laws, a number of which
have passed both houses. Among these states are
Minnesota, Missouri, New York and Pennsylvania.
The compensation laws which have stood the
tests of the highest courts and in practical operation,
include several important provisions, namely:
1. Employers and employees are given the option
of electing to accept or reject the provisions
of the law; if rejected; the employer is not permitted
to plead the common law defenses.
2. A definite and fair schedule of compensation
for certain serious injuries other than death.
3. The creation of an industrial commission or
industrial accident board to administer the law
and to settle all disputes.
4. Payment of compensation to be assured by
requiring the employer to furnish evidence of his
financial ability to meet the obligations of the
law, or on the other hand to require the employer
to insure his liability in some mutual or other
insurance company authorized to do business in
the state.
With a law of this kind you as operators would
know that you would have to pay in ease of certain
accidents,
NO LAWSUITS TO DEFEND,
no liability insurance to carry and at the same
time the welfare, or humanitarian idea, if you will,
is there just the same because the Injured party
would get his benefits and in case of death of
husband and father the wife and children would
get their benefits, without litigation and long
delay, but promptly and at the time when it is
most needed and will be of greatest benefit;

further it will deprive the so-called ambulance
chaser, both legal and medical, of his job and his
parasitic livelihood.
I also wish to call the attention of the operators
present to our plan of safety committees. We
have a committee of three men on each entry
who serve without pay and whose duties are to
observe any and all things which may be dangerous,
contrary to the rules of the company or the
mining laws of the state. These committees are
provided with suitable badges and these are worn
all the time. Each committee of three men is
changed by retiring one man every month and putting
in a new man. We feel that in this way we
can ultimately interest all our men in preventing
accidents.
• NEW ENTERPRISES •
JAL~~~~--~~----_~~~~----~-~^.--J--L.
All Nations Coal & Coke Co., Clarksburg, W.
Va.; capital, $50,000; incorporators, H. S. Sterling,
Pittsburgh; M. W. Grayson, A. L. Grayson, M. A.
Wilkinson, Eugene Wilkinson, George L. Biglow
and L. L. Jordon. all of Clarksburg.
Delmar Coal Co., Fairmont, XV. Va.; capital,
$25,000; incorporators, A. Hood Phillips, Grafton,
W. Va.; E. S. Phillips, John F. Phillips, Ralph
A. Courtney and Clarence D. Robinson, of Fairmont,
W. Va.
Liberal Stone & Coal Co., Kansas City, Mo.;
capital, $500,000; incorporators, B. F. Lambert, A.
H. Jones, Anderson, lnd.; John P. Sears, Indianapolis,
lnd., and Stephen Sedwick, Kansas City.
Tuscaloosa Coal & Land Co., Jacksonville, Fla.;
capital, $50,000; incorporators, C. M. Fuller, St.
Augustine, Fla.; O. P. Woodcock, A. S. Castellano,
Frank E. Wood, Fred B. Noble, Jacksonville.
Riverview Coal & Mining Co., Middleport, O.;
capital, $5,000; incorporators, W. A. Brown, Emil
Sauer, Laura Brown, W. L. Engler, and Laura
Engler, all of Middleport.
Pittsburgh-Henderson-Standard Coal Co., Pittsburgh;
capital, $20,000; incorporators, Thos. J.
Latimer, E. McClintock, H. Williams, Wallace T.
Tharp, Jr., W. C. Smith.
Anglo Alberta Coal Co., Ltd., Winnipeg, Manitoba,
Can.; capital, $800,000; incorporators, E. C.
Comblin, R. G. Holmes, N. McKay, S. W. A. Seward,
P. Morgan.
South Brilliant Coal Mines, Hamilton, Ala.;
capital, $10,000; incorporators, A. A. Griffith,
George H. Parker, Cullman; O. S. Goodwyn, Hamilton.
Conemaugh Coal Mining Co., East Conemaugh,
Pa.; capital, $40,000; incorporators, F. J. Pearce,
Portage, Pa.; John H. Cooney, Conemaugh, Pa.;
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
Cairnbrook Coal Mining Co., Stoystown; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, C. C. Watt, Craig M. Watt,
Lewis V. Biggs, Philadelphia.
T. N. Huffman Coal Co., Pikeville, Ky.; capital,
$15,000; incorporators, T. N. Huffman, Hester A.
Huffman, Mary C. Leslie.
Central Yough Coal Co., Pittsburgh; capital,
$15,000; incorporators, H. Chidester, T. A. Miller,
Paul Killiam, Pittsburgh.
Chesterfield Land & Coal Corporation, Richmond,
Va.; capital, $50,000; incorporators, A. L.
Adamson, R. H. Harwood.
Ashless Coal Corporation, Roanoke, Va.; capital,
$75,000; incorporators, L. N. Buford, Hugh
Buford, both of Roanoke.
McDaniel Freese Coal Co., Bloomington, HI.;
capital, $15,000; incorporators, S. C. Freese, L. C.
McDaniel, A. Freese.
Dewar Mines Co., Dewar, Okla.; capital, $25,-
000; incorporators, M. M. Kiley, H. G. McKeever,
XV. T. Church.
Wells & Day Co., Hazard, Ky.; capital, $50,000;
incorporators, P. G. Wells, .1. H. Wells, R. F. S.
Day.
FRENCH MINING EXPERT TALKS
TO MINING ENGINEERS.
Pittsburgh members of the American Institute
of Mining Engineers on April 23 at the Fort Pitt
hotel listened to a paper read by M. Jacque Taffenell,
chief of the bureau of mines of the French
government, considered a foremost authority on
mine explosions, and the inventor of many successful
mine appliances. He is the originator of
the pulverized stone process by which rock flour
scattered on mine floors precents the accumulation
of the explosive element which has been
found effective in reducing the danger of explosions
to the minimum.
George S. Rice, chief mining engineer of the
ITnited States bureau of mines, presided and introduced
the honor guest. The organization of a
Pittsburgh section of the American Institute of
Mining Engineers was abandoned for the presene.
The action was based on the claim that the Engineers'
Society of Western Pennsylvania provided
the functions contemplated by the new section.
Those present were largely members of both organizations.
Those who took part in the discussions
included Messrs. S. A. Taylor, Julian Kennedy,
Prof. Goodale and Dr. Phillips of the University
of Pittsburgh; Secretary E. K. Hiles of the
Engineers' Society and Charles Enzian of Wilkesbarre,
secretary of the anthracite section of the
American Institute of Mining Engineers.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE COAL INDUSTRY OF OHIO FOR
THE YEAR 1913.
(CI
Coal production in the stat e of Ohic , for the
year 1913. iv counties:
County
Lump
Tonnage
Nut
Athens . . 3,768,790 .
661,673
Belmont 7,178,673 1.071,294
Carroll . . . 266,752 44,145
Columbiana 269,552 85,443
Coshocton. . 232,323 57,802
Gallia
14,767 2,009
Guernsey . 3,096,821 286,933
Harrison .. 524,096 S9.771
Hocking . . 1,158,803 184,236
Holmes . . . 6.319 1,495
Jackson ... 419,774 53,562
Jefferson .. 3,335,292 623,706
Lawrence . 138,703 24,292
Mahoning. . 17,544 3,156
Medina . . . 7,404 1,185
Meigs
475,125 65,091
Morgan .. . 196,175 10,439
Muskingum 358,236 47,972
Noble
590,357 76,992
Perry 1,573,266 253,874
Portage .. . 63,293 8,693
Scioto .... 4,397 624
Stark
304,427 46,568
Summit . . 47,081 13,615
Trumbull. . 1,370 275
Tuscarawas 869.917 190,992
Vinton .... 82,228 14,181
Washington 460 115
Wayne .... 76,289 6,457
for 1913.
Pea and
Slack
809,168
2,204,828
58,540
110,259
80,768
3,785
940,928
138,733
244,124
2,184
123.161
1,136,026
32,394
6,757
1.401
118,803
74,831
89,387
117,206
390,676
12,303
846
102,777
21,635
540
326,117
21,598
40
10,829
Total
5,239,631
10,454,795
369,437
565,254
370,893
20,561
4,324,682
752,600
1,587,163
9,998
596,497
5,095,024
195,389
27,457
9,990
659,019
281.445
495,595
784,555
2,217,816
84,289
5,867
453,772
82,331
2,185
1,387,026
118,007
615
93,575
Total ...25,178,234 3,926,590 7,180,644 36,285,468
Increase in tonnage 1913 over the year 1912—
1,841,177 tons. Per cent, of increase 1913 over
1912—5.3 per cent.
Coal tonnage of the state of Ohio for the year
1913 as compared with the year 1912 with gains
and losses by counties:
County
Athens ....
Belmont .. .
Carroll ....
Columbiana.
Coshocton .
Gallia
Guernsey ..
Harrison . .
Hocking .. .
Holmes . . .
Jackson . . .
1912
4,886,476
9,316,850
310,018
482,878
356,299
27,523
4,333,963
750,831
2,046,175
11,059
783,334
1913
5,239,631
10,454,795
369,437
565,254
370,893
20,561
4,324,682
752,600
1,587.163
9,998
596,497
Gains
353,155
1,137,945
59,419
82,376
14,594
1,769
Losses
6,962
9.2S1
459,012
1,061
186,837
Jefferson . . . 4,641.90S 5,095,024
Lawrence . . 88,104 195,389
Mahoning . . 47,51 1 27,457
Medina 10,395 9,990
Meigs 635,940 659,019
Monroe 180
Morgan 196,622
Muskingum. 522.198
Noble 641,677
Perry 2,164.130
Portage 83,293
Scioto 7,794
Stark 417,823
Summit .... 82.032
Trumbull ... 2,989
Tuscarawas.. 1,311,301
Vinton 100,084
Washington. 523
Wayne 184,381
281,445
495,595
784,555
2,217,S16
84.2S9
5,867
453,772
82,331
2,185
1,387,026
118,007
0 1 5
93,575
34,444,291 36,285,46S
453,116
107,285
23,079
84,823
142,878
53,686
996
35,949
299
75,725
17,923
92
20.054
ISO
405
26,603
1,927
804
9O,S06
Total tonnage for the year 1913—36,285,468 tons.
Total tonnage for the year 1912—34,444,291 tons.
Net gain of . .
(.lain in per cent.
per cent.
RETAIL TRADE NOTES
1,841,177 tons.
Mr. F. E. Reeves of Detroit, Mich., has been
appointed secretary and treasurer of the Detroit
Coal Exchange, vice Mr. E. F. Cooke, resigned.
Mr. Reeves has of late been representing the
O'Gara Coal Co., of Chicago. He formerly was
agent for the Moreland Coal Co., which, some time
ago, discontinued its Detroit office. He is an old
coal man, having been in the business since 1884.
The twelfth annual meeting of the New Eng­
land Coal Dealers' Association will be held in
Horticultural Hall, Boston, on June 9 and 10. An
unusually large exhibition of coal dealers' supplies
will be a feature at this meeting, it is thought.
Arthur F. Rice, commissioner of the New York
Coal Merchants Association, will make a trip
through California and far western points be­
ginning May 2.
The tenth annual meeting of the Pennsylvania
Coal Dealers' Association will be held at Allen­
town, Pa., June 16 and 17.
The West Virginia-Pittsburgh Coal Co. an­
nounces the removal of its offices from 724 Frick
building. Pittsburgh, to Suite 710 and 711 House
building, corner Smithfield and Water streets,
Pittsburgh, the change having been effected April
1.

!
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
MINE DUTY CONTROLLERS*
By Harrison P. Reed
The application of the electric motor to bituminous
coal mines has developed so rapidly that
there is no section of the industry in which the
motor has not been installed. Not only is the
application universal, but the use of electricity
in coal mines is steadily increasing, principally
due to the increased cost of producing steam at
the collieries.
The design of satisfactory motor and control
equipment for coal mines is a considerable problem
because of the severe operating conditions
encountered. The class of attendants, usually
employed by the mines to maintain electric motors
and their accessories, is unskilled, principally
because of the location of the mines and
the conditions of work. Many changes in help
take place for the same reasons, and it is, therefore,
difficult to train the attendants and make
experts of them. These conditions make it essential
that rugged and reliable electrical equipment
be installed.
As the use of electricity in the mines has increased,
the electric motor for operating mining
machinery has been developed much more rapidly
than suitable controlling devices. Only within
the past few years have those concerned realized
that the selection of a proper controller is as
important as the selection of a suitable motor.
Too often is the controller given secondary consideration
with the result that a good motor may
appear to disadvantage, simply because it is not
operated with the right control equipment.
At coal mines, motors are used for haulage,
hoisting, ventilating, pumping, coal-cutting, tipple
or breaker power, drilling, washing, machine shop
and blacksmith shop. In the design of electrical
equipment for mines, it is necessary to carefully
consider the following: explosive dust and gases,
continuity of operation, voltage fluctuations and
dampness. It is, of course, advisable to install
the control apparatus in a locality which is unaffected
by sparks or short circuits tending to
some derangement of the apparatus. The design,
however, must be made so as to minimize
leaks to ground, short circuits, etc., which may
cause ignition of explosives, mine
CASES OR OF COAL DUST
with disastrous results. In gaseous mines,
arc producers such as circuit breakers, switches
and sliding contacts of rheostats must be properly
protected, either by breaking the arcs in oil.
or by providing explosion-proof cases.
*Paper presented at the 293d Meeting ol ihe American Institute
ol Electrical Engineers Pittsburgh Pa.. April 9-10,
1914. under the auspices of the Committee on Use of Electricity
in Mines, and printed with permission.
On account of the unskilled attendants in the
mines, the electrical equipment receives less than
the usual amount of intelligent attention, while
on account of the conditions of operation, it
should receive more. Much is therefore left to
the designing engineer to solve, but on the other
hand, much could be done to improve conditions
by the employment of a supervising electrical
engineer at an attractive salary, whose duty it
would be to see that better attention is paid to
the care and maintenance of the electrical apparatus.
From a safety standpoint, and it is the writer's
understanding that we are to follow the slogan
"Safety First," the mine ventilating fan is the
most important power-driven machine used within
the mining district. Absolute continuity of
service is necessary during mining operations to
remove poisonous and explosive gases and coal
dust from the underground workings. Mine fans
are not usually installed within the mines, but
at the mouths of the shafts. Mine fan service
is, perhaps, the hardest duty possible for a commutator
type motor. It runs continually at a
constant load, and the mere fact that the load is
constant prevents the motor from running light
and allowing the brushes to polish the commutator.
It is still a debatable question as to whether
constant or variable speed mine fan motors should
be used. Some claim that the fans should be arranged
to operate at a peripheral speed of maximum
efficiency. This means constant speed; but
nearly everyone agrees that variable speed is
practically necessary on the mine fan except for
tunnels, subways and old workings. Opinions
differ as to whether it is better to use mechanical
or electrical means to vary the
SPEED 01' THE FAN.
Mechanical speed changing devices, such as
Reeves variable speed drive are used, but the
tendency is towards obtaining the speed changes
electrically, especially when this can be done
economically. Speed control of a direct-current
motor is easily and economically accomplished by
shunt field regulation. The speed control of an
alternating current motor is quite a different
problem. A straight slip-ring induction motor
with control by resistance in circuit with the
secondary is perhaps the most familiar type in
this country, but it is open to serious objection
because of the rheostatic losses with resultant
low efficiency. The commutating-pole slip ring
motor is used but very little on account of the
complexity of construction, which arises from

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the necessity of commutating both primary and
secondary windings. The coiiimutating-pole squirrel
cage machine is more simple but hardly suit­
able because of its starting characteristics. It
is most advisable from a safety and economic
standpoint to have the motor self-starting after
it shuts down due to failure of voltage. With a
squirrel cage motor, this is difficult to accom­
plish because of the flywheel load.
The Sherbius system is one which is used ex­
tensively abroad, but the writer understands it
has not come into use yet in this country. This
system consists of a motor-generator set impressing
an adjustable frequency lower than the line
frequency on the rotor of the fan motor. This
system is exceptionally efficient where the speed
reduction is not great. The motor-generator set
must have a capacity equal, in percentage of the
fan motor capacity, to the speed reduction de­
sired. Thus if 25 per cent, speed reduction is
required, the motor generator set must have 25
per cent, of the capacity of the fan motor. When
a speed below normal is wanted, the motor generator
set is used, while when normal speed is
desired, the secondary of the main
.MOTOR IS SHORT CIRCUITED
after starting. W r ith the Sherbius method of speed
control, the losses are minimized and the efficiency
is high.
On account of the possibility of frequent failures
of line voltage there must be an attendant
continually employed in the fan house or a selfstarting
controller must be installed. The automatic
self-starter should be designed so as to
permit the operating speed to be set by a proper
authority. When the voltage again comes on
the line, after failure, the controller should of
itself cause the motor to start and resume the
speed it was operating at when the voltage failed.
This control has been accomplished very effectually
for direct current motors. The starting
operation is governed by a pilot solenoid and the
shunt field is automatically weakened to an
amount corresponding to the setting of the field
rheostat lever. The speed-setting field rheostat
is on Ihe center left hand side of the board.
The controller is equipped with a voltage relay
so arranged that when the voltage drops below
a predetermined value, the relay drops its
plunger, thereby opening a circuit causing all of
the starting resistance to be inserted in the armature
circuit. The motor then runs at a reduced
speed until the voltage again becomes normal,
when the voltage relay establishes a control cir­
cuit which causes the starting resistance to be
cut out, again allowing the motor to run at the
proper maximum speed. The reason for re-in­
serting the starting resistance on low voltage is
to guard against "flashovers" at the motor
brushes, when the
VOLTAGE SUDDENLY - JUMPS BACK
to normal. An overload relay is also provided
and is especially recommended for shunt wound
motors. This is connected to momentarily open
the motor circuit and prevent "flashovers" when
the line voltage falls abruptly and the motor tends
to feed into the line. With compound-wound
motors, the overload relay is not essential because
the series winding weakens the field when the
motor acts as a generator. All of these compli­
cations in control could be avoided by the installation
of separate feeders for the fan motor,
fir lines of such capacity as would minimize volt­
age fluctuations, and it is questionable whether
the more or less complicated control is justified
under these conditions.
Since moisture and dirt are so prevalent in
the locality of coal mines, both the control panel
and grid resistance are treated with a special
moisture-repelling and insulating compound, corrosive
bearings are eliminated and all parts necessarily
made of iron or steel are enameled or copper
plated.
Mine pumps are generally installed directly
within the mine, because otherwise the suction
head would be prohibitive. The pumps are
usually of small capacity and should be operated
by a self-starter with a float switch in the sump,
or arranged to run continuously. The starter
should be designed for automatic acceleration of
the pump on resumption after failure of line
voltage.
Generally speaking these pumps are placed
some distance from the mine workings and therefore
explosion proof motors and controllers are
unnecessary, but it is difficult to design electrical
apparatus which will stand up under the severe
moisture conditions prevalent. A typical pump
motor starter for direct current is arranged with
a voltage relay for protection of the motor against
severe voltage fluctuations. The starter is specially
designed to guard against corrosion and
electrical leakages by
USING NON-CORROSIVE METALS
and by liberal application of an insulating varnish
which helps to prevent short circuits as well
as to keep moisture from the iron parts necessarily
present for magnetic purposes.
An encased, moisture proof starter is an equip­
ment especially adapted to installations within
the mine, even in locations where arcing is dangerous,
because it is equipped with a cast iron
case, the cover of which is clamped down on a
soft gasket, making the case air tight. The leads
are connected to terminals and a special trough
is cast in the enclosing box in which is poured

a sealing compound covering the junction of the
leads and the terminals. At the right-hand side
of the box, facing it, is a handle which closes
and opens the service switch. The acceleration
of the motor is accomplished by limiting the current
peaks with series wound switches.
It might be well to mention here a rather interesting
alternating-current controller. This is
a 125-h.p. 2200-volt, three-phase, 60-cycle automaticstarter
for a slip ring motor. The starter is "explosion
proof" and is mentioned for this reason.
The switches are magnetically operated and the
circuits are made and broken under oil. This controller
was installed in the Homestake Mining
Co.'s gold mine at Lead, S. D. The outfits starts
a pump automatically from a float switch. The
control circuit is stepped down to 220 volts so
that the float switch does not have to handle the
high voltage.
A subject which is occupying much thought
among coal mining engineers is the mine locomotive.
The tendency is to eliminate the overhead
trolley where there are low ceilings. This
may be done either by the use of a trailing cable,
kept taut by a tension reel, or by the use of
storage battery locomotives. The trailing cable
was not very popular until the automatic motordriven
cable take-up was developed. Without this
device the dragging cable was always in the way.
The motor driving the table take-up is connected
across the line in series with a
STEP OF RESISTANCE.
When the cable is to be hauled in, the motor
winds it up, and when paying out is required
the cable overhauls the motor.
On account of the difficulties attending the use
of trailing cables, it would seem that the coming
mine locomotive, when not in main entries, will
be operated from a storage battery carried on
the locomotive. The present trouble with storage
battery locomotive is the necessity of laying
them up for charging or of having two sets of
batteries and charging them at intervals. The
battery must be carefully watched and attended.
If the batteries could be automatically charged
without delay, the usefulness and reliability of
the storage battery locomotive would be materially
increased. This may be accomplished by the
use of an automatic reverse current cut-out, so
arranged that when the locomotive picks up the
trolley, the battery will be automatically put on
charge. If however, the line voltage is for any
reason lower than the battery voltage, the battery
will be automatically cut off from the line.
The same applies when the line voltage fails, so
that the battery will not be discharged into the
line. In this way the same locomotives may be
used for gathering and hauling trips. This will
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 53
result in the battery frequently receiving a boosting
charge. The nickel-iron battery, which seems
the most popular for mine locomotive work will
show its maximum efficiency when so charged.
Manually operated drum controllers are almost
universally used for mine locomotives. These
are usually of the series parallel type and there
are two prevailing styles, each of which has its
advocates. The first operates the same as a standard
street railway drum which has two levers,
one reverse and one for accelerating. The other
style also has two levers as above, but the reverse
has two positions each side of the "off"
position, one for motors in series and the other
for motors in parallel. This
LATTER SCHEME IS ADVANTAGEOUS
because it is easier to get straight series only,
during gathering.
Rheostatic drum type control is sometimes used
for underground haulage engines.
For slope mines, the winding drum for haulage
is generally installed in the tipple and whole
trips of cars are hauled up at once. These winding
or mine haulage machines are usually alternating-current
motor-driven with secondary control,
either by means of a secondary resistance
drum or by means of a liquid rheostat. It is
sometimes advantageous to be able to change
gears for pulling strings of cars in from the
sidings. There has been a tendency of late to
put in safety cut-offs so that the current to the
motor is interrupted before the cars get to the
top. Variable inertia plays an important part in
the stopping point, and in fact, the variable
stopping point sometimes becomes so annoying
that a flyball-governor limit switch in addition
to the ordinary limit switch is installed, so connected
that if the speed is high the governor allows
the first limit switch to trip. If the speed
is low, the first limit switch is "shunted" by the
governor and the haulage may continue until
the second limit switch is engaged.
A straight vertical hoist is used to a limited
extent. Almost invariably this type of hoist can
be best electrified by the use of the variablevoltage
system, because the hoists are short and
therefore acceleration is an important consideration.
A flywheel is used to store the energy for
acceleration. Even with this arrangement, electrification
is in many cases of questionable economic
value.
An equalizer hoisting set is driven by a shuntwound,
direct-current motor, the
MOTOR RECEIVING
its energy from a motor-driven generator. The
motor-generator set has a heavy flywheel which
absorbs energy when the load falls below a certain
value and gives up energy when the load is

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
above this value. The speed and direction of rotation
is governed by changing the field of the
generator. When the generator field is weakened
while the motor is in operation, the motor
operates as a generator and the generator as a
motor, thus delivering energy to the flywheel
and giving a dynamic braking effect on the hoisting
mechanism. Where an alternating-current
motor is used to drive the generator, the liquid
rheostat gives very good regulation. The three
phases of the rotor are connected to three stationary
plates in separate earthenware pots.
Above the stationary plates are connected together
three movable plates. These are nearly
balanced by an adjustable counterweight, the
movement of which is controlled by a small induction
motor. The small motor receives its
energy from series transformers in the main line
of the large induction motor and thus the current
in the two motors is proportional. If the
main motor takes more current than it should
(depending on the adjustment) the small motor
takes more current and raises the counterweight,
thereby separating the plates of the liquid rheostat
and increasing the resistance in the rotor circuit.
This decreases the speed and permits the flywheel
to give up some of its stored energy.
One case where the efficiency of a vertical hoist
was greatly increased by the
USE OF ELECTRICITY
is shown by a change made at the Berwind-White
Coal Mining Co.'s mine at Windber, Pa. It was
found impracticable to change the shaft to take
care of a larger elevator with more sidings for
leading, and an increased capacity of the hoist was
necessary because of the increasing production in
the mine. A magazine hoist was installed, having
a cage with four decks. These decks are loaded
by a similar auxiliary cage within the mine. The
loading cage is operated by an electric motor and
controlled by a simple master switch, so that each
of the four decks are brought in succession to
the level of the track in the main entry. After
the loading cage is full, the cars are run onto
corresponding decks of the main magazine hoist
and are lifted out of the mine.
Coal cutting machines are controlled by a plain
hand starter fully enclosed. The simpler and
more substantial this starter, the better. There
is a tendency to design motors for coal cutting
which may be thrown directly across the line to
start. The writer believes this is a step in the
proper direction, because then the control may
take the form of a simple hand switch, preferably
oil immersed. The control of an electric punch—
or drill is usually a straight hand starter and
the more simple this is the better.
An important consideration in mine electrical
appurtenances is the terminal box. This is used
wherever a motor has trailing cables and should
be so arranged that putting the plug in the box
will close the circuit in oil. An overload should
be supplied, which when it trips, will throw the
plug out.
To sum up the situation, mine controllers are
just as important as the motors themselves and
the control equipment should receive more
thoughtful consideration if our electrical mine installations
are to prove successful.
MINE SAFETY FIELD MEETS.
The United States Bureau of Mines is being
continuously called upon to lend its co-operation
in various field meets and contests on first-aid
and mine-rescue work. The following field meets
and contests have been called to the attention of
the bureau within the last few days:
May 2—Harrisburg, 111.; Saline County Mine
Safety association; Mr. Oscar Cartlidge, Springfield,
111., chairman program committee.
May 9—Lexington, Ky.; Kentucky Mining institute
and Kentucky Mine Operators association;
Prof. C. J. Norwood, program committee chairman.
May 13-15—Bluefield, W. Va.; West Virginia
Medical association and Pocahontas Coal Operators
association; Mr. Tierney of the Powhatan
Coal & Coke Co., and Mine Foreman Henson of
the United States Bureau of Mines are planning
such a meet in correspondence with Dr. A. P.
Butt of Davis. Details not definitely settled.
•May IS—Fort Smith, Ark.; W. D. Ryan and
J. J. Rutledge of the Bureau of Mines are arranging
this meet.
May 21—McAlester, Okla.; W. D. Ryan and J.
J. Rutledge of the Bureau of Mines are arranging
and will probably attend.
May 25—Pittsburg, Kans.
May 28—Moberly, Mo.
June 1— Des Moines, la. (This date and place
in Iowa may be changed later.)
A mortgage of $800,000 was filed in Jefferson
county, 0„ during the fortnight by the Guardian
& Trust Co., of Cleveland, 0„ against the United
States Coal Co., to secure the issue of a like
amount of 6 per cent, coupon bonds.
W. C. Shackelford, of Birmingham, Ala., has
closed a contract with several customers in Cuba
for some Alabama coal and has chartered a
schooner to take the cargo from Mobile to the
island. It is stated that the coal is for experimental
purposes, and that if the tests come out
as expected an order will come to this district
from new territory for more than 100,000 tons.

COAL MINING LAWS OF COLORADO.
(CONTINUED IROM PACE 46)
be signed by the chairman of said Board, and accompanied
by vouchers showing the said expenses.
MEETING OF BOARD C)E EXAMINERS.
Section 7. The Examining Board shall be convened
by the Governor at such times and places
as circumstances may require for the purpose of
examining applicants and for the preparation of
questions and formulating of rules, and the performance
of other duties provided for in this act.
ADVERTISING OF EXAMINATIONS.
Section 8. Each examination shall be publicly
advertised in a daily or weekly paper in each judicial
district in which coal mines are operated,
for a period of at least 30 days prior to the examination
and the time and place of the examination,
and the conditions of eligibility shall be fully
stated in the advertisement; the expenses of such
advertisement shall be paid out of tbe Coal Mine
Inspection Fund.
DUTIES OF EXAMINING BOARD.
Section 9. The members of the Board of Examiners,
after being duly organized, shall take and
subscribe before any officer authorized to administer
the same, the following oath: "I tbe undersigned
do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I wiil
perform the duties of examiner of applicants
for appointment as Inspector of Coal Mines or as
Mine Officials to the best of my ability, and that
in recommending or rejecting said applicants, I
will be governed by the evidence of qualifications
to fill the position under tbe law creating the
same, and not by any consideration of political
or personal favors; but I will certify all whom
1 may find qualified according to the true intent
and meaning of this act and none other, to the
best of my judgment."
CERTIFICATION- OF NAMES OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES,
Section 10. The Examining Board shall certify
to the Governor the names and grades of all successful
candidates, for Chief and Deputy Inspectors,
and shall issue to every candidate a statement
of the results of his examination, and file a eopy
of such certification in the offices of the Secretary
of State and of the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines
APPOINTMENT OF CHIEF INSPECTOR.
Section 11. The Governor shall, from the names
certified to him and filed in the office of the Secretary
of State and of the Chief nspector of Coal
Mines by the Examining Board, appoint as Chief
Inspector of Coal Mines the applicant best qualified
for the duties of that office.
ELIGIBILITY AND APPOINTMENT OF DEPUTY INSPECTORS.
Section 12. Those candidates who have passed
the examination of the Examining Board shall be
eligible for the office of Deputy Inspector, and the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 65
Chief Inspector shall from such candidates select
tbe Deputy Inspectors, who shall hold office for a
term of four years, except that in case of appointment
to fill an unexpired term, such appointment
shall be for the unexpired term only.
ELIGIBILITY OF CHIEF AND DEPUTY INSPECT0KE.
Section 13. A person certified by the Board of
Examiners shall be eligible for appointment as
Chief or Deputy Inspector at any time within five
years from the clay of such certification, provided
he continues to be a man of temperate habits and
integrity, and also continues in the coal mining
industry.
DETERMINING GRADE OF APPLICANTS.
Section 14. In determining the grade, the previous
experience and record of service of the applicant
shall have equal weight with the written examination.
RECORDING OF EXAMINATION PAPERS.
Section 15. The examination papers of all applicants
with the complete list of questions and
their correct solutions shall be kept in the office
of the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines, as public
documents.
REQUIRED GRADES.
Section 16. Only those who receive an average
grade as high as. or higher than the required
grade for Chief or Deputy Inspector, shall be eligible
for appointment, which shall be 85 per cent.
for a Chief Inspector of Coal Mines, and 75 per
cent, for a Deputy Inspector of Coal Mines.
QUALIFICATIONS NECESSARY FOR INSPECTORS.
Section 17. Each candidate for examination for
coal mine inspector shall show to the satisfaction
of the Examining Board that he is a citizen of
the United States and of the State of Colorado, of
temperate habits, of good repute ancl a man of personal
integrity; that he has attained the age of
30 years and has had at least eight years' experience
in the workings of coal mines in Colorado,
three years of which shall have immediately preceded
his examination, and that he has had 12
years' practical experience in the workings of
coal mines in the United States. Candidates for
the office of Chief Inspector of Coal Mines shall
also furnish satisfactory evidence of executive
ability, and the ability to advise, direct and control
the insepction staff.
MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS PROVIDED.
Section 1$. The Board shall provide all candidates
who take the examination with the mathematical
formulas to be used in the answering of
questions given; the Examining Board shall grade
each applicant according to merit based on formulas
used.
NATUKE OF EXAMINATION.
Section 19. The Board of Examiners shall then
hold a written ancl oral examination of such na-

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
ture as to show whether the applicant possesses
sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge of
coal mining and the different systems of working
and ventilating coal mines, and of the nature and
properties of the noxious, explosive and poisonous
gases of mines, particularly firedamp, and of the
nature and properties of coal dust.
FILLING OF VACANCIES.
Section 20. In case of vacancy in the office of
the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines, the Governor
may appoint one of tbe Deputy nspectors for tbe
unexpired term. But whenever a new appointment
to tbe office of the Chief Inspector of Coal
Mines is to be made, and there is no eligible applicant,
the Hoard of Examiners shall bold an examination
as hereinbefore provided.
TERM OF OFFICE.
Section 21. The Chief Inspector of Coal Mines
shall hold office for four years from the date of
his appointment and he shall receive an annual
salary of three thousand dollars together with
his actual and necessary traveling expenses in the
performance of li is official duties, to be paid
monthly out of the Coal Mine Inspection Fund
hereinafter provided.
BOND OF CHIEF INSPECTOR.
Section 22. The Chief Inspector shall, before
entering upon the discharge of his duties, file with
the Secretary of State, a bond in the sum of five
thousand dollars with sureties to be approved by
the judge of the district court in which district
he resides, conditioned upon the faithful discharge
of his duties, and the tare of all papers, books, instruments
and other property which are or shall
become the property of the state, and shall take
oath, or make affirmation, to discharge his duties
impartially and with fidelity and to the best of
his knowledge and ability.
RESTDENCB OF CHIEF INSPECTOR.
Section 23. During his term of office the Chief
Inspector shall reside in Denver, and shall devote
his entire time to the duties of his office.
CLERICAL FORCES AND SALARIES.
Section 24. The Chief Inspector is hereby authorized
to employ a Chief Clerk whose salary
shall be fifteen hundred dollars per annum, and
one assistant clerk whose salary shall be twelve
hundred dollars per annum, payable monthly out
of the Coal Mine Inspection Fund hereinafter provided.
ANALYSIS, INSTRUMENTS, INVENTORY, ETC.
Section 25. The Chief Inspector is hereby authorized
and directed to have all analyses made
when by him deemed necessary, and to purchase
such instruments, apparatus, safety lamps, books,
stationery, and other supplies as may be necessary
for the proper discharge of his duties and the duties
of the Deputy Inspectors under this act; pro­
vided, however, that when the expenditure is
more than twenty-five dollars for any one item,
the Chief Inspector must first receive the approval
of the Governor.
The Chief Inspector shall, on entering upon the
duties of his office, make an inventory of all papers,
books, instruments, and other property pertaining
to said office, and during his services as Chief Inspector
shall keep a true and correct account of
all purchases made under the provisions of this
act and account for the same to the Secretary of
State at the end of each fiscal year and to his successor
at the expiration of bis term of office or
upon bis vacation of office lor any other cause, and
any shortage of papers, books, instruments, and
otlier property, which cannot be accounted for
by the usual and ordinary wear and tear due to
their use, shall be covered by the bond as provided
for in Section 22 of this act.
COAL MINING LAW—HOW OBTAINED.
Section 26. Every mine owner shall make
requisition on the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines
for a sufficient number of copies of the essential
parts of the mining law, to furnish each of his
underground employes a copy of the same printed
in the language of the employe, if practicable, and
the Chief Inspector is hereby authorized and directed
to have the essential parts of the law translated
and printed in convenient form for distribution
in the number and the languages required by
the owners. These copies shall be furnished to
the owner at actual cost and the cost thereof shall
be plainly marked on the cover. Every owner
shall see that, as fa;* as possible, each underground
employe shall have a copy of the law to be furnished
by the owner to each employe at first cost,
and it shall be the duty of all underground employes
to secure a copy of such law in their own
language if practicable.
INSPECTION DISTRICTS.
Section 27. Tbe Chief Inspector is hereby authorized
and directed to divide the state into five
inspection districts, dividing the work of coal mine
inspection as nearly as possible into five equal
parts.
RESIDENCE OF DEPUTY INSPECTORS.
Section 2S. Each Deputy Inspector of Coal
Mines shall be assigned to one of tbe five eoal
mining districts of the state, he shall reside in his
district and shall devote the entire time to his
duties of his office.
SALARY OF DEPUTY [NSPECTORS,
Section 29. Tbe Deputy Inspectors shall receive
an annual salary of two thousand one hundred
dollars each and their actual and necessary
traveling expenses incurred in the performance of
their official duties, payable monthly out of the
Coal Mine Inspection Fund hereinafter provided.

All expense accounts shall be itemized and approved
by the Chief Inspector.
BOND OF DEPUTY INSPECTORS.
Section 30. Tbe Deputy Inspectors before entering
upon the duties of their office, shall each file
with tbe Secretary of State, a bond in the sum
of three thousand dollars with sureties to be approved
by the judge of the district court of the
district in which they reside, conditioned upon the
faithful performance of their duties, and shall
take oath, or make affirmation to discharge their
duties impartially and with fidelity to the best of
their knowledge ancl ability.
INSPECTORS SHALL NOT BE OWNERS.
Section 31. It shall be unlawful for tbe Chief
Inspector or any of the Deputy Inspectors of Coal
Mines to be interested as owner, operator, engineer,
stockholder, director, or otherwise in any
coal mine.
INSPECTORS NOW IN OFFICE ELIGIBLE.
Section 32. The Chief Inspector and the Deputy
Inspectors of Coal Mines holding office at the time
of the passage of this act, who have already passed
examinations ancl given satisfactory services as
officers, shall be eligible for re-appointment without
further examinations.
(Til BE CONTINUED I.N ISSUE OF MAY* 15)
• PERTINENT PARAGRAPHS •]
A receiver has been asked for the Fairmount
& Baltimore Coal & Coke Co. in Baltimore, recently,
by James C. Cobey, Frederick A. Husted,
John S. Askey and Oliver T. Barnard, stockholders.
That the company is insolvent is among the
allegations in the bill of complaint. The company
was incorporated in West Virginia, operates
a mine at Clarksburg, W. Va., and had an authorized
capital stock of $50,000.
The United States Supreme court, April 20, declined
to review the action of the Ohio courts in
fining the Hocking Valley Railway Co. $42,000 for
accepting unsecured notes from the Sunday Creek
Co., a coal shipper, for freight while requiring
secured notes from others. It also refused to
review the $20,000 fine imposed on the coal company.
Lake navigation opened April 23, and large contracts
for tonnage were made on that date or
prior to it. Among the big contracts was one of
2,000,000 tons by the C. Reiss Coal Co. The
tonnage rate of 30 cents fixed earlier in the year
prevails. The straits and the Sault did not get
clear of ice until later in the month.
Involuntary bankruptcy petitions were filed
against the Standard Washed Coal Co., at Chicago,
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
111., April 19, by creditors, who claimed debts
aggregating more than $13,000. The company is
in the hands of a receiver appointed by the state
courts, and the bankruptcy proceedings are supplemental
to those already taken.
H. J. Smarr of Charleston, XV. Va., has been
appointed receiver for the Mecca Colliery Co.,
with mines on Morris Creek, W. Va., the appointment
having been made by the Kanawha County
circuit court on petition of creditors. No statement
of the financial condition of the company
has been made.
The coal and coke exported from the ITnited
States during February, 1914, was: Anthracite,
206,813 tons, valued at $1,656,185; 766,309 tons
of bituminous, valued at $2,038,962, and 62,192
tons of coke valued at $230,141, This is exclusive
of the bituminous coal delivered into bunkers at
ports.
Mr. James Martin has severed his connections
with the State Mining Department of West Virginia
to accept the position of general manager
of the Paint Creek Colliery Co., and will make
Mucklow, W. Va., his headquarters.
The imports of coal and coke into the United
States during the month of February were anthracite,
one ton, valued at $12; 117,173 tons of
bituminous, valued at $312,404, and 5,943 tons of
coke valued at $28,856.
B. F. Fluker, Malakoff, Tex., will develop 200
acres of coal near that place. The vein is from
6 to 12 feet and lies 40 feet under the surface.
The new mine of the Wilbur Coal Mining Co..
near Hooversville, Pa., is now shipping coal, and
the daily capacity is 150 tons.
The Carbon Coal & Mining Co. of Philadelphia
announces the reduction of its capital from $12,500
to $6,250.
( KO-KOALS' DOINGS
At the koruskation on Wednesday nignt, the
following eleven sentries were elected to preside
over the Chicago breaker for the ensuing year:
Modoc—J. B. Roynon, J. K. Dering Coal Co.; baron,
E. G. Lawrence, Montgomery County Coal Co.;
baronel, Henry Koeber, Henry Holverscheid & Co.;
baronet, F. Gascoigne, Edwards & Bradford Lumber
Co.; pictor, Thomas Gough, S. C. Sehenck &
Co.; mazumer. H. B. Judd, Consumers Co.; gazook,
George Wood. Hatch-Wilcoxson Coal Co.; pit boss,
Charles Jessup, Eureka Coal & Dock Co.; acolyte,
W. J. O'Brien. Hunter W. Finch & Co.; swatta,
D. C. Shoemaker, Consumeis Co.; spotta, J. S. Siry,
George G. Pope & Co.

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
THE INFLAMMABLE GASES IN MINE AIR*
By George A. Burrell and Frank M. Seibert
GAS-ANALYSIS APPARATUS.
The apparatus used by the authors of this re­
port in making the analyses herein reported are
designated as A and II. Apparatus A is slightly
modified from that designed by Haldane '§>. It is
fully described in Bulb-tin 42 of the Buerau of
Mines @ It consists of a 21-c. c. burette with a
bulb at the top having a capacity of 15 c. c. and
a stem having a capacity of 15 c. c. The stem is
graduated in 0.01 c. c. The apparatus has three
pipettes, of which one contains potassium hydrox­
ide, and one alkaline pyrogallate; the third is the
slow-combustion pipette-. The sample is measured
in the burette against the air in the compensating
tube, by bringing the columns of potassium hy­
droxide solution exactly to the marks shown thereon,
leaving two stopcocks, so that communication
is made between the burette and potassium hy­
droxide solution. Subsequent readings are made
in the same manner.
The carbon dioxide is removed from the sample
by passing the latter bade and forth three or four
times between the burette and the potassium hydroxide
solution. After the contraction in volume
caused by the removal of the carbon dioxide has
been recorded, the sample is passed into the slowcombustion
pipette. The platinum wire in that
pipette is heated to a white heat by a current of
about 5 amperes for about 2 minutes, when the
methane in the sample will be entirely burned.
The pipette is then cooled, preferably by playing
a blast of compressed air upon it, and the sample
is transferred to the burette to measure the contraction
in volume produced by the burning of
the methane. The sample is next passed into the
potassium hydroxide pipette to absorb the carbon
dioxide produced by the combusiton. The volume
of the carbon dioxide absorbed is measured by
transferring the sample to the burette again and
finally, if the oxygen content of the sample is desired,
the sample is passed into the alkaline pyrogallate
pipette and the contraction in volume after
the absorption of oxygen is determined by again
measuring the sample in the burette. By analyzing
another portion of the mixture for oxygen, the
volume of the oxygen consumed by the burning of
the methane can be determined, and this volume
added to the volume determined by the first absorption
gives the total oxygen content of the sample
as received.
At the beginning of a determination the free
©Foster, C. I.eX.. and Haldane, .1
tion of mine air. 1905, p. 101.
Th.' •stiga-
©Burrell, O. A., and Seibert, F. M., The sampling and
examination of mine gases and natural gas: Bull. 4_.
Bureau of Mines, 101.*!, pp. 17. 18. (In press).
11 'oucbided from issue of April ir. i
capillary spaces in the apparatus are filled with
nitrogen left from a previous analysis, so that
there may be no complications from the presence
of gas not in the sample to be analyzed. The mer­
cury in the burette is never raised above the
point, but all the sample is brought in contact
with the reagents and with the slow-combustion
coil by passing it back and forth a number of
times for each absorption and for the combustion.
The apparatus just described is not suitable
for analyzing some mine atmospheres, because the
contraction after burning would cause the mer­
cury to rise to the ungraduated part of the tube
where readings could not be made, or the mixture
might contain so much methane that an explosion
would result were it passed directly into the
combustion pipette; hence for this class of sam­
ples the apparatus designated on the following
pages as was used.
This apparatus, which is described in Bulletin
42 -_>, has a 100-c. c. burette graduated in 0.1 c. c,
and seven pipettes, a, b, c, d, e, f and i. a contains
potassium hydroxide; b and i, alkaline pyro­
gallate; c, fuming sulphuric acid; d and e, cuprous
chloride, f is the slow-combustion pipette. The
pipette i is kept filled with nitrogen prepared by
removing oxygen from ordinary air.
Before an analysis is begun a few cubic centimeters
of the nitrogen in it is drawn into the
burette and then turned into the air. This pro­
cedure removes from the horizontal capillary tubing
p any oxygen that may have been left therein
from a previous determination. The sample of
gas is drawn into the burette through a 3-way
stopcock and is measured against the pressures
of the air confined in the compensating tube by
bringing the mercury in the manometer tube exactly
to a certain mark
Samples containing much methane are handled
in the following manner:
The carbon dioxide and oxygen are absorbed.
the residual gas is passed into the slow-combustion
pipette, ancl the platinum wire therein is heated
to a white heat. Sufficient oxygen to burn the
methane is then measured in the burette and
slowly passed into the combustion pipette at the
rate of about 10 c. c. per minute. In this manner
the methane burns as fast as the oxygen enters,
and an explosion that might shatter the pipette
cannot follow. Two trials may be required to determine
the proper amount of oxygen for burning
©Burrell, G. A., and Seibert. F. M„ The sampling and
examination of mine gases and natural gas- Bull 4_
Bureau of Mines, 1913, p. 42. (In press).

the methane in an unknown mixture and yet have
the sample as large as possible.
With apparatus A differences in volume of the
gas in the burette as small as 0.003 c. c. can be
measured and with apparatus B differences of 0.1
c. c. The burette readings with the latter ap­
paratus were carried to two decimal places each
time, but the results are not significant below 0.05
per cent. If the contraction and the carbon diox­
ide found agree closer than this it can be con­
sidered a coincidence. An allowance of o.K) per
cent for experimental error was made for any
burette reading. These errors of experimentation
being granted, then in none of the analyses shown
later would one be justified in making a calcula­
tion for any other combustible gas than methane.
nor could one be absolutely sure that he was right
in reporting such a gas.
In the case of one of the analyses of one sample,
the contraction in volume due to combustion was
0.954 c. c. and the volume of carbon dioxide was
0.481 c. c. If theoretically correct according to the
methane reaction, the volume of carbon dioxide
reading should be either one-half of the contrac­
tion, or 0.477, or the contraction should be 0.962
(0.006 c. c. greater than that obtained), or twice
the carbon dioxide reading. Were the volume of
carbon dioxide 0.477 (0.004 c. c. less) it would cor­
respond to the observed contraction. Were the
contraction 0.002 c. c. greater, or 0.956 c. c, and
the volume of carbon dioxide 0.003 c. c. less, or
0.478 c. c, the theoretical condition would be sat­
isfied and the analysis would still be correct within
the experimental error of the apparatus.
The data recorded in one analysis are presented
herewith. They show the procedure in using the
apparatus A.
Recorded data in the analysis of sample from an
anthracite mine in Luzerne County, Pa.
Volume of air current, IS,150 cubic feet per
minute.
c - c -
Volume taken for analysis 20.029
Volume alter absorption of CO 20.015
Volume of CO absorbed 014
Volume taken for combustion 20.015
Volume after burning 19.479
Contraction in volume due to burning 536
Volume after absorption of CO 19.211
Volume of CO absorbed 268
From the above data the CO and CH, originally
present in the sample are calculated as shown below,
the percentage of methane being calculated
from the volume of carbon dioxide produced by
combustion.
0.014
CO = X 100 = 0.07 per cent.
20.029
0.268
r-n-T _ x 100 = 1.34 per cent.
20.029
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
It will be noticed that the contraction after com­
bustion bears a ratio to the carbon dioxide pro­
duced by combustion of 2 to 1. There are com­
binations of combustible gases (not including
methane) that if present in a gas mixture would
produce a ratio of 1 to 2 between the volume of
carbon dioxide and the contraction after burning,
but the nature of these gases and their combina­
tions are against their occurring in normal mine
air. For instance, a mixture of equal volumes of
carbon nionoxide and hydrogen, or a mixture that
contained ethylene and hydrogen in the ratio of
3 volumes of ethylene to 4 volumes of hydrogen
would, on combustion, produce a volume of carbon
dioxide equal to one-half the contraction. In
analyzing many samples of mine gases the au­
thors determined the volume of oxygen consumed
in burning the methane. This procedure, which
in the case of normal mine air always resulted
in showing that the oxygen consumed in burning
the methane is equal to twice the carbon dioxide
produced and is equal to the contraction, re­
moved all doubt as to the identity of the com­
bustible gas. Hydrogen or ethylene in mine air
(in proportions other than those first mentioned)
would immediately show up in the combustion
data, and if they occur at all they should certainly
occur much more frequently in some of the
many other possible proportions than in those
mentioned above.
The absence of any appreciable proportion of
carbon monoxide is also demonstrated by the fact
that normal mine air has not the poisonous ef­
fects that would be caused by the presence of
even minute proportions of carbon monoxide.
The leakage of natural gas from wells driven
to gas sands below the coal strata is known to
have caused three explosions in coal mines.® Old
abandoned wells are especially a menace to coal
niiners, because their exact situation may not be
known and niiners may break old casings in the
development of a mine. Accidents caused by leak­
age of natural gas have happened even where a
large pillar of coal surrounded the casing of a
well. The natural gas found in the United States
seems to consist of paraffin hydrocarbons mixed
with small proportions of carbon dioxide and nit­
rogen. In a few samples that have been collected
methane was the only paraffin hydrocar­
bon present, but the great majority of samples
contained methane mixed with small proportions
of ethane and, undoubtedly, with traces of still
higher members of the paraffin series. The natural
gas used at Pittsburgh, which comes from
different wells in western Pennsylvania and West
Virginia, contains about S3.1 per cent, methane,
16 per cent, ethane, 0.9 per cent, nitrogen, and
©Rice, G. S., and Hood, O. I'., nil and gas wells
through workable coal beds; papers and discussions :
Bull. 65, Bureau of Mines, 1913, KU pp.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
a trace, less than 0.10 per cent., of carbon di­
oxide. From their study of the gas the authors
came to the conclusion that it did not differ ma­
terially from methane as regards explosibility;
hence there would seem to be little or no reason
for regarding this natural gas as more dangerous
than methane.
Below are given the explosive limits, as deter­
mined by the writers, of this natural gas and
air and the explosive limits of methane and air:
Low limit. High limit.
Methane 5.5 12.S
Natural gas 5.0 11.6
These values were determined by confining the
mixtures in a Heinpel explosion pipette over mer­
cury and igniting them with an electric spark
from an induction coil. With the percentages of
gas stated, the flame passed through every part
of the mixture. Under the stated conditions of
the experiment, no appreciable flash could be ob­
served with leaner mixtures, although visible in­
flammation occurs below these limits when a
means of ignition stronger than a small spark is
used.
Dixon and Coward® obtained the following igni­
tion temperatures of ethane and methane mixed
with air: Methane, 650 to 750° G; ethane, 520 to
630° C.
The danger to miners from natural gas lies in
the sudden irruption of a large body of the gas
into a mine. The authors are analyzing samples
of mine air from mines near gas wells in order
to determine if there is any influx of natural gas,
and to warn the management of the mines. It is
believed that the presence of other paraffin hydro­
carbons than methane in the air of mines near
natural gas wells will indicate some leakage from
the wells.
As regards the presence of carbon monoxide in
what may be termed normal mine air—that is,
mine air not contaminated by the after damp
from an explosion or the gases from a mine fire
©Dixon, II. I'... and Coward. ('.. The ignition temperature
of gases: i 'bein. News, vol. 99, 1909, p. 139.
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO. >
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA. I
Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA. I
Contractors for DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING ;
—analyses with the apparatus shown in figure 1
demonstrated the gas was not present in a large
number of samples of such mine air in quantities
greater than 0.01 or 0.02 per cent., the limits of
accuracy of the apparatus.
The study of the nature of the inflammable
gases in coal mines is being extended to include
more mines than are represented in this paper.
The authors present this study as showing that
normal mine air samples obtained from many
mines in different parts of this country contain
only methane as the combustible gas. The au­
thors believe that it has not as yet been fully
demonstrated that gases other than methane may
be constituents of normal mine air except pos­
sibly in rare cases.
The Thomas-Bakei-Owen interests of Johnstown,
Pa., which will develop several hundred acres of
coal at a town to be called Shade, a couple of
miles below Cairnbrook, have begun work on the
project. The drift has been driven into the hill­
side a distance of 40 feet.
Haulage Engine
10 x 12 Double Cylinder, Double Drum. Built
by tbe Exeter Machine Co. 1907. Excellent con­
dition. Low price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT CO.,
Wanted—Situation.
3115 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Man (age thirty) fifteen years in general offices
of large Bituminous coal corporation, at present
assistant head bookkeeper, general knowledge of
accounting; would like to make a change.
Address P. L., care "THE COAL TRA_E BULLETIN.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
coal land in fee. Seven hundred and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Sit­
uated on the Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & O. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily produce
fifty (50,000) thousand tons per month. Price,
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dol­
lars. ($150,000 cash, and balance to suit @ 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
_—___.
PEALE, PEACOCK A KERR
OF NEW YORK
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

62, THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINE CARS
42 inch gauge; 3000 to 4000 pounds capacity
Good Condition. Low Price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT COMPANY,
3145 Penn Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
For Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-15
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUR, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes* up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see It, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WARDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full particulars,
analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERICK, Easton, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
Position Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAX TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909-10.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer. POTTSVILLE, PA.
A contract has been let by the Conemaugh
Smokeless Coal Co., which recently acquired a
large tract of coal in Indiana county, east and
west of Seward, for the erection of a number of
houses, a tipple and other construction work at
the scene of operations, which will be started at
once. The shaft will be located about threequarters
of a mile east of Seward on the old West
Penn extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
Shessley & Sons of Johnstown will build the
houses and do the excavating. The company has
secured more than 7U0 acres of coal in a continuous
tract and will operate on a large scale.
The coal is a five-foot vein and of excellent grade.

RED CROSS JOINS FORCES
WITH THE COAL OPERATORS.
The American National Red Cross society has
become interested in the efforts of eoal operators
throughout the country in their efforts to lessen
materially the number of accidents incident to an
occupation naturally hazardous.
For several years the society has been working
in the anthracite fields of Pennsylvania and its
officials are now busy spreading their ideas among
the bituminous mines of the country. Some time
ago the Pullman Co. donated a car to the Red
Cross society and this car has been fully equipped
with literature and model apparatus. The literature
deals with methods of preventing accidents
and of treating patients after accidents have
occurred. The apparatus is for reviving sufferers
and relieving pain.
In order that the work of the Red Cross society
in this direction may be facilitated the Interstate
Commerce commission has given the railroads of
the country permission to transport this care and
its occupants free and every railroad that has
been approached on the subject has agreed to give
the car and its occupants free transportation
whenever needed.
The campaign for the Red Cross society is being
carried on by Dr. M. J. Shields and a staff of
capable assistants. The I'nited States Bureau of
Mines also has a man on the Red Cross car. His
duty is to illustrate and explain the use of the
various appliances and safety devices.
The society has had prepared for exhibit firstaid
packets, and a miners' first-aid book. A sum­
mary of the instructions in the book is translated
into the German. Italian, Hungarian, Polish,
Slavak and Lithuanian languages.
The Red Cross Car is expected to visit eventu­
ally every soft coal field in the country.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
FATAL ACCIDENTS DECREASE.
A statement issued by the State Department of
Mines shows that the fatal accidents in and about
the anthracite coal mines for the three months
ending March 31, 1914, numbered 123 as against
146 for the same period in 1913. The inside acci­
dents numbered 100 as against 146 and the acci­
dents on the surface 23 as against IS.
Of the 100 killed inside during 1914, 41 wenkilled
by falls, 16 by mine cars, 9 by explosions
of gas, 5 by suffocation from gas, 4 by explosives,
12 by premature blasts. 6 by falling into shafts
and slopes and 7 by miscellaneous causes.
In 1913, 68 were killed by falls, 27 by cars, 7
by explosions of gas. 1 by suffocation by gas, 5 by
explosives, 14 by blasts, 7 by falling into shafts
and slopes and 17 by miscellaneous causes.
During 1914 the inside fatal accidents were 46
less than in 1913. The accidents on the surface
were 5 in number.
The Andersen Coal Mining Co., with mines at
Van Ormer and Fallen Timber, Pa., has changed
its name to the Van Ormer Coal Co.
THE J. B. SANBORN CO. I
Special Mercantile Agency
\ FO« TH. ^
COAL TRADE.
Z PUBLISHERS OF £
l The Coal Dealers' Blue Book \
'< Contains a Complete List for the United >
States and Canada of all Coal Operators,
Shippers and Dealers, Gas Companies, Eie- /
.- vators, Foundries, Mills, Iron Works, and )
;• all Manufacturers who buy Coal and Coke In ;.
5 car load lots, with capital and pay ratings. \
Room 1438 SO. PENN SQUARE. ~<
} 550 Monon Building. ..o Dearborn St.. PHILADELPHIA. >
~ CHICAGO.
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
DERRY GLASS SAND COMPANY
MANUFACTURERS AND SHIPPERS
H IGH GRADE CRUSHED ROCK SAND
. For Motor, Engine and Building Purposes.
)
PROMPT t
SHIPMENTS j GENERAL OFFICES: LATROBE, PA.
GUARANTEED.
PHONE 200.
HOW TO KEEP IN TOUCH WITH AFFAIRS.
Mines ol information on every subject are at your disposal—-Just say the word and we'll drive an entry for you
USE OUR PRESS CLIPPINGS.
Ours is the only Clipping Bureau in the greatest Industrial Center of the World.
We have two branches—
A LOCAL SERVICE and A GENERAL SERVICE.
Both are splendid aids to busv men. Ask us for definite information and rates.
The Central Press Bureau,
906 & 908 WABASH BUILDING.
Telephone 2154 Court. PITTSBURGH, PA.
JAMES S. GEEGAN. GENERAL MANAOER F. J. MULLHOLAND. SALE. MANAGER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL 'PHONI, 2517 COUNT P & A 'PHONE, M 151
J. H. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS :
Moisture i.53 BEST FOR STEAM AND
Volatile Matter - 35.96
Fixed Carbon . . . . 56.34 DOMESTIC USES
Ash 6.17
I Sulphur 1.79
| B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3 ° ffic « : ' 3 ' 5 Pa * Building, PITTSBURGH.
; Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory,
C
Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist.
Bell Phones, Grant 1822—1823—1824

GOAL TRADE BULLETIN
Vol. XXX PITTSBURGH, MAY 15, 1914 No. 12
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN:
PUBLISHED SBMI-MONTHLY.
Copyrighted, 1914, by THE COAL TBADB COMPANY.
A. R. HAMILTON, Proprietor and Publisher,
H. J. STKADB, Managing Editor.
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR
FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
Correspondeuce and communications upon all matters
relating to coal or coal production are invited.
All communications and remittances to
THE COAL TUADE BULLETIN,
926-1)30 PARK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH.
Long Distance Telephone 250 Grant.
1 Entered at the Post Office at Pittsburgh as
Second Class Mall Matter.]
GRADUAL SETTLEMENTS or- WAGE QUESTION'S are
helping the coal trade to the extent that the pro­
ducing companies in the districts where such set­
tlements have been made know what their coal
will cost them, and therefore the market is stimu­
lated to that extent that producers in those dis­
tricts now are ready to talk contracts whenever
inquiry conies along. The trade, however, is still
in the doldrums, and there is little movement
that that may be characterized as real activity.
There has been some little resumption of mining
in a few of the districts where, for the past month
idleness was the rule, but these resumptions are
not in sufficient number to make much of a mark
in the general trade conditions.
But with all the stagnation, and with some of
the districts still haggling" over the wage question,
there is an undernote of firmness in the market
that needs but a little encouragement to come to
the front and make itself the dominating feature
of the trade. Thei e are rumors of betterments
in the iron and steel trade, just hints it is true,
but they are likely to become more than hints in
the immediate future, and naturally they have
their reflex action on the coal trade, and tend to
help the optimistic side of the trade.
There is some coal going forward to upper lake
ports, but the quantity is comparatively small,
and there is not likely to be much of a rush until
the latter part of the month at least, and mayhap
not until June arrives.
As has already been mentioned, the labor situa­
tion is clarifying to a certain degree, and there
are more districts that have arrived at an adjust­
ment of the wage situation. This, of course,
means that, insofar as those particular districts
are concerned, the labor question now is simply
one of supply and demand, and that it will depend
much on the condition of the markets.
In the Pittsburgh district the trade shows but
little improvement, and coal is being produced
only to the extent of meeting demands, with but
a small amount going forward for lake shipments.
Mines are not working more than 50 per cent, and
there is but little change from the situation as
it was at" the opening of the month. Of course,
during the next week or two something may turn
up that will put an entirely new face on things
and result in a picking up of the market, but if
such is the case it will be a pleasant surprise for
the trade. There have been river shipments dur­
ing the fortnight, and with empty craft in the har­
bor this may stimulate production in those mines
which depend on the all-water route to dispose of
their product. With conditions as they are, prices
are held nominally at list figures, which are:
$1.30 to $1.40 for run-of-mine coal; $1.10 to $1.50
for three-quarter coal; $1.50 to $1.60 for inch and
one-quarter coal, and 80 to 90 cents for slack.
Coke production has continued to drop, in line
with the other branches of the trade, and the re­
ported tonnage for tbe last week for which figures
are available, show that the three hundred thou­
sand ton mark will hardly be reached in tbe next
report. This is in line with the policy of pro­
ducers to keep production in line with demand
and not have a lot of coke accumulate in the yards
and then have to throw it on the market later.
If the rumors of betterments in the iron trade de­
velop into real betterments, then there will be a
picking up in the coke trade just as there has

22
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
been a falling off in tbe past month or more.
But with all their decreased tonnage a
ind other
their
drawbacks, manufacturers are hanging to
prices with a tenacity that shows just what ran be
done in this line. Prices are held at $2.50 to
$2.75 for furnace coke and $3.50 to $3.75 for foun-
dry coke.
The anthracite branch of the trade is showing
some increased activity, and tbe tonnage for April,
figures for which practically are available, show
that the six million ton mark again has been
passed after a couple of months of lower tonnages.
There seems to be iittle of moment to mention,
and the lake shipments are moving forward in
lesser amounts than would be expected at tins
time.
* * *
TWO STATE UNIVERSITIES HAVE ANNOUNCED COURSES
„,, INSTRUCTION FOR MINERS, the courses to cover
short periods, but to be comprehensive, and in­
tended to prepare the miners for higher positions.
These announcements are in line with the efforts
of the state authorities in mining states to give
the men employed in tlie mines a better education
and a better opportunity to understand the dan­
gers that lurk in the mines, and at the same time
teach them how to guard against the dangers.
The men who take advantage of the educational
advantages thus provided will be the better for
it, and not only that but they will appreciate
more than ever the necessity lor the most com­
plete knowledge of mines and mining by every
one connected with the industry.
* * *
MANUFACTURERS ARE GOING TO DISCUSS THE SUB­
JECT OE UNEMPLOYMENT at a meeting in the metrop­
olis in a short time. This is one of the big sub­
jects of the day, and while the meeting primarily
is intended for manufacturers, its benefits will not
be limited to them alone, as there will be brought
out some facts that will be of use to employers
and employes of all industries. This subject is
receiving the thoughtful attention ol scholars and
students everywhere, and now that the manufac­
turers, men who are employing larger or smaller
numbers of workmen, have taken the question up,
it will be looked on from a new angle, that of the
practical man whose daily duties have brought.
im into direct contact with the difficulties of the
problem.
* * *
EVIDENCE THAI* THE WORK OE IHE BUREAU OE
.MINES in endeavoring to lessen the dangers of the
mines is along the lines that achieve results, is
shown by the statement credited to the French
expert, Taffanel, who is in this country making
studies of some of the phases of the problems that
confront the industry. He says in his statement
that the results achieved in the local experimental
mine are the same as what he secured in his ex­
periments in France, and that the statistics se­
cured in both places check up completely, and
therefore, having been made entirely independent,
the results must be accepted as authentic. He
also announces that he is endeavoring to ascer­
tain better methods of lessening the dangers, and
that in a short time additional safeguards may
be looked for. The verification of the experi­
ments, and the advanced work along that line
that now is possible because proof has been se­
cured of the ones already made, all are welcome
news to the industry, and not the least welcome
to the mine owner who is just as anxious to have
his mines safe as any one.
LONG WALL BRUSHINGS
The old saw is that 'tis better to be off with the
old love before you're on with the new, but the
miners have changed it to one that 'Tis better to
hang to the old scale than to attempt to force a
new one.
» • »
Quiet reigns in Colorado, and the clear exposition
of the circumstances concerning the trouble
made by the operators doesn't leave much doubt
just how, when and why there has been any trouble.
* * *
The miner who doesn't take advantage of the
educational facilities offered him is bound to find
out later it is a miss fire shot.
* * *
Gradually tbe dove of peace, driven from Mexico
and other remote regions is finding a safe haven
in the coal industry.
* * *
Mid May here, and still the winter of stagnant
trade lingers in the lap of the spring of increased
demand.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 23
COLOR\DO SITUATION UNDER FEDERAL CONTROL
The most interesting feature of the situation in
Colorado at this time is the refusal of tbe United
States authorities to permit opening of mines except
under certain conditions. Otner pertinent
features of the situation are the disarmament of
the strikers, forcibly by the troops and the arrival
of the federal mediators in Denver.
April 30, Secretary of Labor Wilson named the
federal mediators to make an attempt lo bring
about a settlement of the troubles in Colorado.
they being William R. Fairley of Alabama, of tbe
United Mine Workers, and Mr. Hywel Davies,
president of the Kentucky Operators' association.
They accepted the appointment and went lo Washington
to confer with the secretary before leaving
for Colorado.
The same date 19 of the companies operating
in the strike district refused to accept an offer
of arbitration at the hands of Chairman M. D.
Foster, of the House of Representatives' Committee
on Mines and Mining, following a telegram of
that gentleman to Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
The telegraphic and other correspondence on the
subject follows:
John D. Rockefeller, Jr.:
William Green, secretary-treasurer of the International
Mine Workers' Union, makes public statement
that mine workers waive any recognition of
the union or unionizing camps. Are you willing
to
ENTER INTO NEGOTIATIONS
for settlement of strike on that basis and stop
the killing of men, women and children? I strongly
urge you to do so, and believe the strike can be
ended without recognition of the union and all
other differences can be amicably settled. In my
judgment it is your duty to do so.
MARTIN D. FOSTER.
Chairman Mines and Mining Committee,
House of Representatives.
Washington, April 29, 1914.
Dr. M. D. Foster, Washington:
Your telegram of last night is received, and I
am forwarding it to the officers of the Colorado
Fuel & Iron Co. in Denver, who, with the officials
of the other mining companies in Colorado, are
the only ones competent to* deal with the question
therein referred to
JOHN D. ROCKEEELLEI;. JR.
New York, April 30, 1914.
John D. Rockefeller, Jr.:
Your telegram somewhat a disappointment. We
were in hopes that you would deem the situation
so grave and serious that you would give your
personal effort to prevent the further killing of
men, women and children, and we renew tho hope
that you will reconsider and resolve to use your
personal influence and authority to this humane
end
MARTIN D. FOSTER.
Washington, April 30, 1914.
This reply was sent to Air. Foster from 19 of
the Colorado coal comiianies, in response to the
request of Mr. Rockefeller:
Hon M. D. Foster:
Answering your telegram of last night addressed
to Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and referred to
Colorado coal mine owners for reply. When, on
April 16, the governor withdrew all except a small
detachment of militia from the field, law-, order
and quiet prevailed in this state. There were
employed by tbe operators of coal mines move
than 10,000 apparently contented men.
"On the morning of April 20 striking niiners
in the l.udlow tent colony, two miles from the
nearest coal mine, placed their women and children
in what they considered
PLACES OE SAFETY
and made an armed attack upon the militia encamped
nearby. The fight continued throughout
the day and several men were killed. During the
battle the tent colony was destroyed by fire. Next
day the bodies of two women and 11 children were
discovered in a hole under a tent, w-here the strikers
had placed them when the attack upon the
soldiers was begun They had all been suffocated.
None of these children and no woman
was killed by ride fire, nor did the soldiers know
or had any reason to suspect the presence of nocombatants
where the strikers had concealed
them "
"On April 23, Lawson, international board member
United Mine Workers of America and tbe
leader of the strikers, in an interview published
throughout the state, asserted that a war of extermination
would henceforth be conducted by the
strikers, and Doyle, secretary of the United Mine
Workers of America, by wire instructed the officials
of local unions to watch for the approach of
the militia, which had again been ordered back
in the field. The meaning and purpose of such
language was obvious.
"Since that time the strikers in armed bands
varying in number from 50 to 400 have attacked
the town of Delagua from the hills and killed
three men. They have dynamited and burned the
buildings and equipment of the Empire, Southwestern
and Green Canyon mine at Aguilar. They
have driven men. women and children into the
Empire mine and sealed the entrance with ex-

24 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
plosives. After the declaration of a truce, agreed
to between the Governor and Hawkins, attorney
for the United Mine Workers of America, they
drove away the postmaster and others from the
Sunnyside mine and took possession of it as well
as the Pictou mine. They dynamited the tipple
at the McLaughlin mine and fired many shots into
the ouildings at Maitland.
"They forcibly entered the store buildings at
Rockvale and Rock Creek and carried aw-ay
GUNS AND AMMUNITION.
They attacked the buildings and dwelling houses
at the Chandler mine and kept a merciless fire
from the hills for nearly 40 hours, killing one
man, and finally took possession of the camp by
slipping in a number of men under a white flag.
They have burned, dynamited and completely destroyed
the McNally mine in Huerfano county,
kept up an almost continuous fire from entrenchments
for 50 hours upon the Walsen mine, wounded
one woman, killed and wounded four men and
killed a surgeon wearing Red Cross insignia while
attending wounded soldiers on the field. They
viciously attacked the Hecla mine in Boulder
county, killed one and wounded three men and
drove all employes and their families to cover
for many hours. They attacked the Forbes mine
in Las Animas county with a force of 400 armed
men, killed seven miners, including four Japanese,
and burned everything in sight, including a stable
and 33 mules.
"In the prosecution of their campaign of extermination
the foregoing are some of tbe things
those men have done during the past few days
with the tacit consent, active co-operation and
under the personal direction and control of officers
and paid agents of the United Mine Workers.
"As before stated, the coal mine operators of
this state have now in their employ about 10,000
men who are satisfied with the condition of their
employment. We promised these men protection
from personal violence when the strike was called,
and they have stood loyally by their employers
under the most trying circumstances, disregarding
the dangers and privations incident to the recent
armed attacks of the strikers upon them and
upon their homes. With these men we will always
treat concerning matters affecting their welfare;
but we cannot enter into negotiations of
any character with officers and agents of the
United Mine Workeis of America, who alone are
responsible for the terrible reign of disorder and
bloodshed which has disgraced this state.
"Instead of it being our duty so to do. we conceive
it rather to be the duty of the officials of the
United Mine Workers of America, who called the
strike, to call it off. They can do so if they see
fit, and by doing so they will within an hour in a
great measure
RESTORE INDUSTRIAL PEACE
and prosperity to this state. In no event will the
American people when fully advised long permit
1,200 or 1,500 armed strikers to continue their
unlawful efforts to prevent 10,000 law-abiding and
industrious men from working for, whom, when
and upon such terms as they see fit."
Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., by J. F. Welborn,
president: Rocky Mountain Fuel Co., by David
XV. Brown, vice president; Victor-American Fuel
Co., by G. F. Bartlett, Jr., vice president; Oakdale
Coal Co.. by William B. Lewis, president; South
Canon Coal Co., by H. F. Nash, general manager;
Primrose Coal Co., by H. B. King, president; The
Rugby Fuel Co., by George D. Kimball, general
manager; The Huerfano Coal Co., by S. S. Murphy,
president; Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., by C. L.
Baum; Routt County Fuel Co., by F. L. Prentiss,
president; Yampa Valley Coal Co., by P. M. Peltier,
president: Hayden Bros. (Juniper mine), by
Lewis A. Hayden; Empire Coal Mining Co., by
Marthene and Siple; Southwestern Fuel Co., by
S. W. Siple, president; The National Fuel Co., by
H. Van Mater, president; The Royal Fuel Co.. by
H. Van Mater, president; The Union Coal & Coke
Co., by J. V. Bowen, president; Moffatt Coal Co.,
by S. M. Perry, president; Leyden Coal Co., by S.
M. Perry, president.
The following telegram was then sent:
J. F. Welborn, President Colorado Fuel & Iron Co.:
Wil you kindly tell coal operators that 1 have
read their telegram of yesterday describing recent,
disturbances. Inform them that I am anxious
for an arbitration regardless of who is to
blame. National sentiment demands a settlement
of the controversy. Many causes for discontent
are claimed to exist. The deplorable condition
set forth in their telegram should convince them
that it is their duty to agree to submit the matter
to a fair board of arbitration so as to stop the
loss of life and destruction of property on both
sides. (Signed) MARTIN D. FOSTER.
Washington, May 1, 1914.
In reply this message was received:
Hon. M. D. Foster:
"In connection with and as supplementing
operators' teelgram to you last night permit us to
call your attention to the fact that on Nov. 26
last in the governor's office, a conference was held
among three of the operators and representatives
of their former employes then on strike. It developed
in the conference that the only
ORSTACLE TO SETTLEMENT
was the strikers' insistence upon recognition of
the union.
(Continued on Page 55)

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 26
ILLINOIS AND INDIANA WAGE AGREEMENTS MADE ]
The joint conferences of Illinois and Indiana operatois and miners have agreed on wage
scales for the contract period, the agreements being practically renewals of the old scales.
ILLINOIS OPERATORS AND MINERS AGREE
ON OLD SCALE WITH MINOR CONCES­
SIONS BY LATTER.
The operators and miners of Illinois In joint conference
reached a satisfactory conclusion on the
wage question May 9, and the agreement was ratified
by the miners' convention, with the result
that May 13 was fixed as the date for signing the
formal agreement
The agreement provides that the scale of wages
which expired March 31 shall prevail for the ensuing
year, save that, because there were no boys
in the mines under 16 years of age, all boys will
be paid $1.50 per day instead of $1.25 per day for
boys under 16 years of age and over 14.
The arbitration question, which was one of the
prominent ones at the conference, was settled by
the adoption of a commission of three operators
and three miners to draw up an arbitration plan.
The contract provides, however, that neither side
shall take independent action if the other side
wishes to arbitrate.
The demand of four cents per ton increase for
the three southern counties of the state was lost
by a vote of 199 to 174 in the miners' convention
and it was withdrawn. The most of the delegates
to the convention were young men and radical.
Secretary-Treasurer Duncan McDonald, generally
a radical, made a strong plea for a settlement.
The agreement came after more than a month of
negotiations, and after the International officers
had made a plea with the miners to effect a settlement
of the wage difficulty.
Mr. Henry P. Cannon recently was chosen head
of the Darrow-Mann Co., one of the oldest New-
England coal houses. His career has been a
varied one, he having been a traveling salesman,
jobber, banker and mine operator. In 1907 he went
to Boston as the representative of the New River
Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., later spending two
years with the New England Coal & Coke Co.
He became interested in the company he now
heads in 1911, and has devoted his attention to
it and its affiliated interests from that time.
Mr. Charles H. Rowland, vice president of the
Association of Bituminous Coal Operators of Central
Pennsylvania, of Philipsburg, Pa„ is a candidate
for Congress on the Republican ticket of
the 21st congressional district.
INDIANA OPERATORS AND MINERS
SIGN WAGE SCALE FOR TWO YEARS.
Approval of the report of the sub-scale mommittee
my the joint convention of miners and operators
of District No. 11 at Terre Haute, lnd., May
7, ended long drawn out negotiations, and provided
for a contract for two years for Indiana bituminous
mines. Concessions were made by both miners
and operators, and when the final report on
the sub-committee was put before the joint convention
there were few dissenting votes. The
new contract is effect Jan. 1 and continues to
April 1. 1916.
The miners gained a point in their demand for
delivery of powder to working places. The newcontract
provides that the operators transport
powder from the magazines to working places to
be receipted for by miners. Operators and miners
will co-operate in preventing loss of powder.
The miners conceded a point to the operators in
a new rule for "docking" for mining dirty coal.
Fines are to be assessed for first and second offenses
and suspension for subsequent violations of the
rule. The fines are to be applied to the sick
and accident benefit fund. The rule calls for 50
cents fine for the first offense, and 75 cents for
the second offense and a two-day suspension for
the third offense.
HOCKING OPERATORS AND MINERS
TO RENEW JOINT CONFERENCE.
Renewal of negotiations over the wage scale fcr
the Hocking district of Ohio was begun in Columbus,
0.. May 11, after the operators had agreed
to such action.
This followed a refusal of the International
executive board of the United Mine Workers
to call a geneial strike in the state. This action
was requested May 5 by a committee from Ohio
that appeared before the board.
While this action was being taken the Hocking
district operators addressed a communication to
the Mine Workers' officials offering to renew negotiations.
This was agreeable to the men and the
representatives of both sides met May 11 to arrange
for the joint conference at a later date.
The operators of the No. S district of Ohio have
not joined in this move, which is understood to
be on the mine-run basis.

26 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MR. CHARLES F. HUBER NEW EXECUTIVE
OF LEHIGH AND WILKES-BARRE COAL
COMPANY.
Mr. Charles F. Holier has been elected president
of the Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co., succeeding
the late Mr. George F. Baer, the election taking
place early in the fortnight.
Mr. Huber, at tbe time
of his election was
vice president and
general manager of
the company, a position
he had held since
1910. Mr. Huber entered
the service of the
company in 1S87, as a
chainman in the engineering
corps. He
advanced steadily until
1891 when he was
appointed division
engineer in charge of
the Honey Brook colliery
and held that position
until 1898.
Mr. Charles F. Huber when he succeeded to
the chief engineership
of the company with headquarters in Wilkes-Barre.
Five years later be was made general supeiintendent
of the company's operations and in 1910 was
promoted to the position held at the time of the
present election.
Mr. Huber is a native of Pottsville. Pa., where
he was educated in the public schools. He was
aged but 16 when he first was employed bj the
company he now beads, and his rise has been
steady and an instance of what application will do*.
He is one of the best operating officials in the
anthracite region and the modern equipment of
tbe mines under his charge testify to his ability.
PERSONAL is
At a meeting the directors of the Temple Iron
Co. elected Mr. E. T. Stotesbury, head of the
firm of Drexel & Co., president pro tem to succeed
the late George F. Baer. Robert W. de Forest
was selected to take Mr. Baer's place as a
director.
has been nominated for treasurer of the state by
the Republicans.
Mr. E. R. Tatnall, of the Philadelphia office of
the Keystone Coal & Coke Co., has been made
manager of the New York office of the company
vice Mr. G. K. Mellen, resigned.
vlr. John M. Moore, of the Coal River Co., a
prominent West Virginia operator with headquarters
at. Ottawa, was married to Miss Ruth Hayner
in Chicago on April 29.
NECROLOGICAL
Mr. William H. Cochran, aged 56, a well known
coal and coke operator, died May 3 at the family
residence at Dawson, Pa., following a several
weeks' illness from carbuncles and erysipelas.
He was a son of Mr. and Mrs. James Cochran.
The deceased was a part owner in the Washington
Coal & Coke Co., a large independent concern,
and also had coal holdings in West Virginia,
being a promoter of the Cosmopolitan Coal Co.
of Braxton, W. Va. He was well and favorably
known throughout Fayette county, Pa., and had
spent practically all his life in and near Dawson.
He is survived by his widow, Gertrude Cochran,
and the following children: Philip Cochran, Anna
Grace Cochran, William Cochran, Jr., and Regina
June Cochran, and three brothers, Henry T.
Cochran, A. J. Cochran and George Cochran, all
of Dawson. He was a brother of the late P. G.
Cochran, husband of Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran, of
Saint James Park near Dawson.
.All*. Tracey Browne, mining engineer connected
with the Elk Horn Fuel Co., grandson of the
late Jeremiah Wheelwright, of Baltimore, and
nephew of President Jere H. Wheelwright, of the
Consolidation Coal Co.. died April 20 at Lexington,
Ky., from an attack of pneumonia. He was
a son of Paymaster Samuel T. Browne, U. S. N„
and formerly resided in Baltimore. He was educated
in private schools and took an engineer
degree later at a German university. He leaves
a wife and two children. Interment was in
Greenmount cemetery, Baltimore.
Mr. James C. Fawcett, aged 66, formerly owner
of the Fawcett packet line on tbe Monongahela
river, died .May 9, in Cheat Haven. Pa. He was
sole owner of the Cheat Haven Coal & Coke Co.
Mr. J. E. Thropp, Jr.. has resigned the position for 11 years, disposing of that business to the
of general manager for Hon. Joseph E. Thropp, Fancy Hill Coal & Coke Co. Mr. Fawcett was
Everett, Pa., operator ol' blast furnaces at Everett born in Pittsburgh April 26. 1S4S. and resided
and Saxton. and conducting coal and coke opera­ there for many years. These children are left:
tions in Bedford and Huntingdon counties. James. William, Edwin and S. K. Fawcett and
Mrs. Elizabeth F. Shore, all of Pittsburgh, and
Mr. Job Freeman, one of the largest and best
Mrs. Lillian F. Wade and Mrs. Miriam Laughrey
known operators in the Indiana bituminous field, of Cheat Haven.

MINE WORKERS INTERNATIONAL EXECU­
TIVE BOARD DECIDES AGAINST STRIKE.
The International executive board of the United
Mine Workers at its meeting held May 4-8 decided
against any general strike at this time. A statement
concerning the decision was issued May 8.
After stating that many resolutions calling for
a general strike had been received and carefully
considered from every angle, the statement says:
"We have come to the conclusion that it is not
the part of wisdom for the niiners in the organized
states to engage in a general strike at this
particular time, believing we can better aid our
gallant brothers in Colorado by remaining at
work, thus insuring in a financial way our fullest
support to the men, women and children who have
so long engaged in this great industrial struggle
in Colorado.
"In view of the importance of the situation in
Colorado, we must be in a position properly to
finance the strike in that state for one year or
10 years, if need be, until the success of the miners'
cause is assured, and a general strike at tiiis
time might jeopardize our position in this respect
without adding anything material to the success
of the Colorado strike. We have reached this
conclusion only after mature thought and earnest
consideration of the various issues that would be
involved in a general strike.
"It is vitally necessary that we continue to feed,
clothe and shelter, for an indefinite period the
splendid men, women and children engaged in this
strike, with proper moral and financial support
from all trade unionists and liberty-loving citizens
throughout tbe land: we are thoioughly
convinced that the Colorado strike can be won in
the not distant future.
"Of course, if conditions in Colorado do not improve,
and if we do not. receive proper protection
from the federal government, this policy may be
changed to meet the exigencies of any new situation
that the future may develop.
"We call upon our membership everywhere to
hold themselves in readiness to answer any call
we may make upon them. You can rest assured
we are firmly resolved to carry out any move
which we believe to be beneficial to the Colorado
strikers, but at this particular time we are convinced
that the policy we have outlined above is
the wisest course for us to pursue."
At a trustee sale held in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., recently,
Attorney William Brewster bought the
property of the Marion Coal Co. for $531. He is
reported to have made the purchase for XV. P. Boland,
heard of the company. The sale closes a
long period of litigation.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 27
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA MINERS
REFERENDUM APPROVES OLD SCALE.
Tbe referendum vote of the United Mine Workers
of the Central Pennsylvania or No. 2 district,
it is announced from district headquarters, show
a probable majority of 20,000 in favor of accepting
the offer of the operators for a renewal of the old
scale.
This settles the wage question in that district
for another year and the joint scale committee
will meet in a few days to formally sign the agreement.
The vote eliminates the car pushing and uniform
day scale for another year.
WEST VIRGINIA OPERATORS AND MINERS
TO RENEW NEGOTIATIONS AND MEN
ARE ORDERED BACK TO WORK.
Renewal of wage scale negotiations between
operators and miners of District No. 17, West
Virginia, is scheduled for the immediate future
and a convention of the miners is now in session
at Charleston taking up the questions to be considered.
Miners in the district struck May 1 despite the
orders of the union officials to continue at work
and the men refused to return to work until after
a committee of their officials had gone to Indianapolis
May 5 and appeared before the International
executive board, to have that body deride whether
tbe men should continue at woik.
When the committee met the board, il was inlormed
the men were violating their contract and
that they must remain at work until a wage scale
was signed or negotiations were broken off. The
dispute had to do with the interpretation of a
clause in the contract which expired April 1 and
which stated that the miners were to continue
work 30 days after the expiration of tbe contract
or longer in case negotiations with the operators
were still pending. Some of the miners held
that negotiations were at a standstill and quit
work.
On returning borne the officials of the district
ordered the men back to work or else their charters
would be forfeited.
May 11 a session of the joint scale committee
was scheduled, but the necessary absence of two
of the members caused a postponement of the conference.
Following this the miners' convention went into
session May 13.
It is reported from Wheeling, W. Va., that the
mine of the Rex Carbon Coal Co., near Wheeling,
is to start up shortly after five years' idleness.

28 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
FRENCH MINE EXPERT TALKS
ON HIS EXPERIMENTS.
Mr. J. Taffanel, niining engineer, former French
inspector of mines and now director of the French
Mine Experiment station at Lievin, is paying a
visit to this country. He is known internationally
for his original investigations of coal dust explosions
and means of prevention. He is in this
country as a guest of the United States Bureau
of Mines, while collaborating with Chief Mining
Engineer George S. Rice, and others of the bureau's
staff in especial experiments at the bureau's
experimental mine near Bruceton, Pa. Mr. Taffanel
arrived in New York from France on April
12, and proceeded immediately to Pittsburgh,
where he has been busily engaged in the tests
and in studying the records of past tests at the
experimental mine, the final object of which is
to diminish the danger of coal-dust explosions.
While fire-damp is a serious menace, its effect if
ignited, would be local if dry coal dust was not
present to extend the explosion throughout the
mine.
Mr. Taffanel's studies at Pittsburgh and Bruceton
were interrupted by the news of the disaster
at the Eccles mine, XV. Va.. to which he went
with Mr. Rice for an investigation. This is not
Mr. Taffanel's first investigation of an American
mine disaster. In 1907, on behalf of the French
Association of Coal Operators, which has established
the Lievin station as a result of the great
Courrieres disaster of 1906, he came over to investigate
the terrible Monongah disaster with 356
victims, and while here investigated the Darr
mine and the Naomi mine explosions. He has
also investigated the large British mine disasters
of recent years, including Hulton and West Hanley
collieries and the very recent great disaster
at the Universal colliery at Senghenidd, South
Wales.
Besides the explosion investigations, Mr. Taffanel
carries on at the Lievin station, tests of
safety lamps, explosives and mine-rescue apparatus
and he has an organized crew- of rescue men
ready to visit any mine disaster in northern
France.
In response to inquiry, Mr. Taffanel said, "I
came to this country with the purpose of studying
in collaboration with the Bureau of Mines
and the Chief Mining Engineer, Mr. Rice, some
questions concerning the danger of coal dust and
the means of prevention of this danger.
"I began the experiment on this subject in 1907,
when the Coal Mine Owners' Association of
France decided, some months after the Courrieres
disaster, to organize the experimental station at
Lievin. I have made up to now more than 1,400
explosions in the experimental gallery and col­
lected a considerable amount of data concerning
the relative danger of many coal dusts or coal
and stone-dust mixtures. Although they are pursued
on a big scale, in a gallery 1.200 feet long,
the experiments at Lievin do not realize exactly
the conditions of the mine, and the results must
be checked by means of comparative tests in an
actual mine. I made such tests last year, in an
abandoned passage way of the Community mine,
in France, but was obliged to stop after an explosion
which destroyed a part of the passage
way. In two months, I will make tests of the
same kind in another abandoned French mine at
Montvicq. In the meantime, I was very glad to
be invited by the Bureau of Mines to follow the
experiments in the Bruceton mine, which is perfectly
equipped for such experiments. I find a
great profit in studying the very important results
obtained in this mine by Mr. Rice. Moreover,
the experimental comparison of the Lievin
and Bruceton results is doubly important as it
gives a confirmation of the Lievin results under
the real conditions of the mine. It allows to be
taken into account the large amount of data obtained
at Lievin for the application to the Bruceton
mine, or, generally speaking, to the American
mines.
"Some years ago I designed the first form of
arresting barriers which have proved, in manytests,
to be effective for stopping coal dust explosions.
About one year and a half ago, I began
studying new forms of arresting barriers, i. e.,
tanks or boxes, containing a great quantity of
extinguishing materials, water or stone dust, and
automatically opened by the air wave preceding
the flame. Mr. Rice has followed paralleled
studies and we find a great profit in collaborating
for improving these devices in order to get the
most practical and effective solution.
"The coal dust problem is a very difficult problem
of international interest. All countries which
have undertaken to minimize this great danger
must unite their efforts for succeeding as best and
as soon as possible."
The British home office has issued an advance
proof of the tables relating to the output of coal
and other minerals in the United Kingdom during
1913. The output of coal, which was 260,-
398,578 tons in 1912, rose last year to 287,411,869
tons, the highest total on record. There were
1.127,890 persons employed at mines under tbe
Coal Mines act, an increase of 38,800 on the previous
year. The increase in the output of coal is
at the rate of 10.37 per cent., the increase in the
number persons employed at the rate of 3.56 per
cent.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 29
THE BERGHOLZ COAL COMPANY PLANT
Tc mine and market a low coal, in profitable
competition with neighbors enjoying the advantage
of better height in the same seam, is a proposition
which calls insistently for most efficient
equipment and most able management. Such a
problem is successfully met and solved by the
Bergholz (0.) Coal Co., whose coal is the lowest
in the well known Bergholz-Amsterdam district of
Jefferson county. And by this successful opeiation
and competition is attested the high character
of both equipment and management.
The mine is a half mile north of Bergholz station
on the Lake Erie, Alliance and Wheelingdivision
of the Lake
opened 20 years ago
and has since been
Shore railroad. It was
operated intermittenly,
in a small !'..
way, through several
ownerships. In
1907 the Bergholz
Coal & Electric
Light Co., whic-h
then held the property,
sold out to the
four McKeever
brothers—J. L., C.
C. J. E. and J. S.
In 1909 the charter
was amended and
the present name
adopted. In 1913 a
merger was effected
with the Wright &
Zehner Co., of Cleveland,
the title passing
to this comiiany,
but the mine management
remaining in the hands of tbe McKeevers,
by whom the Bergholz corporation was continued.
Thus the operation is in control of the
Berghol- company, while the sales are handled
through the Wright & Zehner organization.
The offices of the Wright & Zehner Co. are in
the Rockefeller building, Cleveland. Officers are:
J. J. Barium, president; W. M. Wright, vice-president
and treasurer; XV. F. Zehner, secretary. Of
the Bergholz organization, J. S. McKeever is president;
W. M. Wright, vice-president and operating
manager; W. E. Zehner, secretary. C. ('. Mc­
Keever is mine superintendent and J. E. McKeever
is outside foreman. So with J. S., C. C. and
J. E. always on the job, we may be entitled to
regard the output as being to a certain degree
•By courtesy of Electrical Mining.
"McKeever Coal." But there are others besides
McKeevers around the mine, as for instance:
William Kinney, electrician and general master
mechanic; John Peterson and Evan Griffiths, mine
foremen.
The Bergholz company has 605 owned acres and
575 leased acres of coal rights, a total of 1,180,
so placed as to control all railroad frontage over
a long distance, from a faulty district on the
north to other operating properties on the south.
Productive capacity at present is about 500 tons
daily. This will be increased to upwards of 800
tons within the next few months of operation,
when certain changes of mine working and exten-
Fig. 1 — Tin- Bergholz Plant, Crotn tlie Hillside.
sive developments into new territory on the north
are well along.
The output is shipped entirely to Cleveland and
Northern Ohio, for disposal through the Wrighl
& Zehner sales channels. The Bergholz coal is
supplied on numerous large contracts for use in
brick burning", to whic-h it is particularly well
adapted by reason of its uniform combustion, with
long flame continuously until entirely consumed.
It is also a fine domestic fuel and is
sold readily to that trade. Locomotives of the
L. E. A. & W. take a considerable percentage of
the output, and will use more when a new and
modern fueling" dock is built to replace the old
and comparatively crude affair now in use, Fig. 2.
The Wright & Zehner Co. sells large tonnages

30 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
of other coals, mainly for lake shipments during
the navigation season.
Great care is used in preparation of the roal
at Bergholz to insure a thoroughly clean product
for meeting the exacting requirements of the im­
portant industry to which the fuel so largely goes.
Fig. 2 -T"pp< . Side of Tipple I. omotive fu
The tipple is equipped to prepare and load slack.
nut and slack, %-inch lump, 114-inch lump, ami
rescreened lump. Some contract coal goes as
mine-run.
The coal seam is clean except for a thin bone
band, which splits out easily and is readily detected
if loaded.
The niiners are
closely watched and
penalized rigidly if
they load out any
considerable amounts
of this band.
The coal mines
blocky and could be
shipped in even
larger lumps than
now but for the diffi­
culty of loading the
mine cars under low
1 oof.
Fig. 1 is a view
downward from the
hillside and includ­
ing the entire plant.
On the right is the
tipple; then to the
Fig. I, an
spans three loading tracks, while a curved boom
chute extends out over a fourth track for end
loading of lump with minimum breakage.
The shops are well equipped with drill press,
lathe, crane, etc., so that nearly all repair work
can be done to best advantage.
It Left
The fan is 14x3%
feet in size, driven
by a steam engine.
Four boilers of 550
horsepower capacity.
furnish steam at 90-
pound pressure for
driving the fan en­
gine, the slope rope
hoist, and the power
house engines.
In the power house
are two generators,
belt driven from two
engines. Fig. 3. The
large generator is a
250-kw. unit, which
carries the day load;
the smaller is of 52kw.
capacity and is used for night duty, driving
electric pumps, etc.
The mine is entered by a slope of about 25 per
cent., 100 feet inside to the coal and 100 feet out­
side to the knuckle on the tipple. On this slope,
mine cars are handled in trips of four cars by a
nd Small Engines, Driving Generators.
left tbe boiler bouse, engine-generator house and
rope haul operated by a geared steam engine in
office; off to the left the shops; in the foreground,
the house beneath the tipple. The slope is nar­
part way up the hill, the fan house.
row at present, but will be widened soon so that
Fig. 2 shows the tipple and boiler bouse, and
the gauntlet tracks may be eliminated and straight
the runway to the locomotive fueling dock which
double tracks laid. On the level at the bottom
is soon to be replaced by a new one. The tipple
the rope is transferred from empties to loads by

one man, who does all the work connected with the
handling of the cars going out and coming back.
What pumping is necessary in this fairly drymine
is done by five electrically driven Deming
single-acting triplex pumps, Fig. 4, made by The
Deming Co., of Salem, 0. These
have 5 (_-inch plungers, working an
8-inch stroke, with a capacity of
about 150 gallons per minute at 60
r.p.m. The motor is mounted on
the one-piece base of the pump,
making the whole a self-contained
unit, with double-reduction gear
drive. This is a very popular type
of pump, of which the 5%x8 is a
very popular size. There are so
many Deming pumps handling the
mine waters of this country that to
name the type and size, with show
of Fig. 4 for identification, is sufficient
description of the pumping
equipment at tbe Bergholz operation.
The coal—No. 6 seam—has a
variable thickness, running as low
as 32 inches over considerable
areas, and as high as 40 inches in
rare spots. It is low coal, therefore,
and has to be mined and
handled accordingly. For cutting it, there have
been used both low and standard types of breast
machines, and more recently the shortwall type,
which has naturally proved best of all—the really
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 31
pig. .-,_ i; lnuiu Shortwall Machine Cutting Break-tb
practical machine, best adapted to the conditions
of this and similar mines.
The old breast machines are still used some in
narrow work in development.
Six shortwall machines are in service, five Goodmans
of most recent purchase and one other
which was first installed and never duplicated.
The cutting is fairly clean but very hard, calling
for utmost ruggedness and endurance in machines
to operate successfully and stand up to the work
without frequent trips to tbe daylight for repaii s.
pig. 4—."i/uxS-In. Denims* Triplex Pump.
This requirement for stand-up-to-it-iveness is the
very reason why the Goodman machine has qualified
and been adopted. Figs. 5 and 6 show the
machines in various regular operations.
As an example of
the performance of
the Goodman shortwall
machine in this
haul work it may
be said that, in S
hours there have
been cut 9 places.
wide and narrow,
equivalent to 65 runs
of a breast machine.
"About 70 per cent.
of the coal is secured,
the rooms being cut
24 feet wide and 30(1
feet deep, leaving pillars
30x23 feet at the
necks, and ribs 11
feet thick between
the widened rooms.
Butt entries are single, with rooms off both ways.
Doors are set in necks of air side rooms, and the
return is through the entry and opposite rooms.
The doors are set close to the entry, opening outward.
When open they swing out over the entry

32 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
track, hence closing is assured by tbe necessity
for avoiding interference with the gathering work.
The roof is of such character that no props are
used anywhere, in entries or rooms.
Reorganization of a 20-year-old mine I'or mod­
ern efficiency in its haulage methods is a work of
[""is Sin Mil
time and trouble. The time element has cove: ed
a considerable period now, and the troubles have
gradually grown less, until at present the system
is in good working older.
Main haulage involves service from the slope
bottom to two pai tings, each about a mile in. For
this work there are two 5-ton haulage locomotives,
either of which will
handle tbe present
production, while the
other is held on
spare.
Intermediate haul­
age—taking gathered
trips from butt entries
to the two part­
ings—is done by two
Goodman "T y P e
1.600" 3-ton single-
motor locomotives,
Fig. 7.
Gathering from
rooms to butt entry
beads is performed
by Goodman "Type
1,500" low vein locomotives,
Fig. 8. of 2-ton weight in specially low
single-motor construction. There are four of
these, two for each intermediate locomotive. Two
more are being built, to go into new development
work on the north, hauling directly to the bottom
until production from this territory requires their
entire production.
The track- gauge is 36 inches, using 30-pound
rails on main haulage ways and 16-pound sections
for gathering and in rooms.
The gathering locomotives place empties and
pull loads, working directly to the face in ail
rccms. Room tracks are parted at tbe farthest
n„ c*u)
breakthroughs, giv­
ing double tracks
thence to the face
As n e w b r e a k
through are cut, thfl
partings are moved
forward, the expense
of this being war
ranted by the result
ant quickening ot-
the locomotive operation
of pushing in an
empty on one track
and shifting to the
other track to pull
the waiting load
By this method
there is always a car­
at the face, with no
wait between pulling of load and setting of empty.
Before the gathering locomotives were installed
the men pushed cars both ways, and rooms were
driven only 150 feet deep. Butts then were
spaced only 300 feet apart. All new work since
the locomotives came has been done on 600-foot
butt spacing, for rooms 300 feet deep. Many of
Fig. 7—uhi 1"' 16 looflman Gathering Locomotive.
the workings are in the transition stage and the
gatherers are not doing all they are capable of.
Indications warrant the expectation that when
conditions are right these locomotives will readily
handle 175 to 200 cars per 8-hour day. In new-
system territory one locomotive has taken a 25-
car trip of empties, distributed to 25-room faces,

and pulled the corresponding 25 loads, made up
into a trip on the butt entry ready for the intermediate
locomotive—all in 22 minutes.
These gatherers are of low construction, standing
28 inches high above the rails.
are the same as the
Thus they
loaded machines in
height and will go
into any room. They
are equipped with
electric cable reels
for use in working
where no trolley
wire is hung. The
cables are 350 feet
long, permitting easy
reach to the face of
300-foot rooms, even
with the hooks set a
considerable distancedown
the entry.
The locomotive
frames are of steel
outside the wheels,
forming large and
roomy cabs at the
ends for motorman
and gathering reel.
The coal lies on a
general rise toward the southeast, with local rolls
and dips making variable grades, favorable and
unfavorable, up to 5 and 6 per cent, in places
where to the general rise is added the local rise
7HFKjjrTtf.swo _^-./_y_-_ g
!_
BCffOrtClZ CCHLQ
•T
___t__*
*P •ig-
from a level or dip stretch. These grades the
Type 1,600 locomotives have to negotiate in their
intermediate haulage work from butts to main
haul partings. In this service they do some al-
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 33
most phenomenal hauling—pulling trips which
would seem beyond the tractive capacity of a 3ton
locomotive and which would be impossible
except for the single-motor unit drive for the four
wheels and, of course, the steel tires and generous
Fig. 8—line of the Type IDO0 Goodman Gatherers Keeling Loads from Rooms.
use of sand, plus Watt roller bearing cars.
9—The Watt Car wilh
One of these locomotives has an average grade
of 5 to 6 per cent., on which it has started from
rest and pulled up 20 loads, of a gross weight
averaging 3,300
pounds each. Trips
of 16 and IS such
loads are common
practice.
These two locomotives
have been in
service for several
years and have the
older type of cast
frame, which since
has been superseded
by steel composite
construction in more
recent designs
Each carries an electric
cable reel, for
which now there is
less use than before
the new room gatherers
came. Pre :
er Bearing
vious to that they gathered on the entries the
loads pushed out by the niiners, leaving empties
for them tc push in.
The cars now in use—old ones having practi-

34 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
cally disappeared—have bodies of steel, on bot­
toms of wood. The 12-inch wheels have roller
bearings. They weigh 1,300 pounds light and
carry 2,000 pounds of coal. Bodies are low, and
loading is facilitated by provision of an inward-
hinged small gate at tbe face end of the car.
The inward hinge makes the gate tight and elim­
inates opening on the road. As a result, there
is so little spilling that roadways require clean­
ing only twice yearly. The dumping gate is of
the usual ball type.
The. value of the roller bearings is shown by
the increased hauling capacity of the 3-ton loeo-
motives as compared to former conditions. The
old wood cars with common bearings weighed
2,400 pounds loaded, and 10 of them was a full
trip. On same roadways the same locomotives
now haul up to 20 of the new cars, Fig. 9, weigh­
ing 3,30o pounds eaeh loaded—a total of 66,000
pounds, as compared to 24.000 pounds for a trip
of the old cars.
Here is a mine in which the disadvantages of
low roof are more than offset by exceptionally
advantageous conditions due to the character of
the roof itself, low as it is. An indefinite thick­
ness of solid sand rork—80 feet and upwards—
eliminates all call for props in entries or rooms
and there is no timber in the mine except on the
double-track bottom near the slope. Cars are
handled for the men, and there is no water to
make work unpleasant
No props.
No pushing of cars.
No water in working places.
Under these exceptional conditions there is no
difficulty in getting or keeping men, the low coal
being no rral handicap. Miners are anxious to
get into this mine, where they make maximum
money with minimum labor.
IDLE CARS CONTINUE TO SHOW INCREASE.
The report of the American Railway association,
issued May 7, shows the surplussage and short­
ages of cars as follows:
Surplussages:
May 1. 1914 230,533
April 15, 1914 213,324
.May 1, 1913 53,977
Shortages:
May 1, 1914 1,654
Apri! 15, 1914 455
May 1. 1913 14,178
This shows tbe total surplus to be 228,S79. as
compared with 212,869 a fortnight ago and 39,799
on May 1, 1913.
COAL MINE FATALITIES IN THE
UNITED STATES FEBRUARY 1914.'
The reports received by the Bureau of Mines
from state mine inspectors show that there were
165 men killed in and about the coal mines in
the United States during February, 1914, as compared
with 208 during the same month of 1913.
There were no large accidents during February,
1914.
Fatalities in and about coal mines during
February, 1913 and 1914:
Underground.
Shaft. Surface. Total.
February, 1914 ... 132 11 22 165
February, 1913 .. . 1S7 7 14 208
In making comparisons with 1913, however, it
should be borne in mind that reports for 1914
have not been received from Georgia and Oregon,
states in which there is no inspection service,t
nor from Kentucky, where the operators are al­
lowed 60 days by law to report accidents to the
state inspector. In February, 1913, there were
4 fatalities in the coal mines of these three states;
there are no corresiionding figures for February,
1914. Deducting the 4 fatalities for which there
are no comparable figures for 1914, the figures
become 165 for February, 1914, and 204 for Feb­
ruary, 1913. The actual decrease in fatalities is
therefore 39, or over 19 per cent.
The total number of fatalities during the first
two months of 1914 is 364 as compared with 431
for the corresponding period of 1913.
Fatalities in and about coal mines during January
and February, 1913 and 1914:
1913 1914
January 223 199
February 20S 165
Total 131 364
Deducting 9 fatalities in Georgia, Kentucky,
and Oregon, for which there are no comparable
figures for 1914, the comparison becomes 364 fatalities
during the first two months of 1914 and
422 during the same months of 1913, a reduction
of 5S fatalities, or over 13 per cent, for the
present year. The principal decreases were as
follows, by causes: Falls of roof or coal, 66;
mine cars or locomotives, 21; explosives, 8; total,
95. These reductions were partly offset by the
following increases: Gas and coal dust explosions,
8; suffocation from mine gases, 5; falling down
shafts or slopes, 9; surface machinery, 4; total,
26.
•Compiled by Albert II. Fay.
tEeports are received from these states direct from
Ihe operators at 1 he close ol the year. The total coal
production 01 the two stales named amounts to less than
one-twentieth ef 1 per cent, ul* the entire output of the
country, and fatalities in their coal mines are few only
'•', men being killed in 1913.

MANUFACTURERS TO DISCUSS
UNEMPLOYMENT AT CONVENTION.
An innovation in the treatment of unemployment,
namely, a. discussion of the subject by
leaders of industry representing establishments
furnishing occupation for forces of workmen
numbered by thousands, by hundreds and also
in smaller groups, is promised as one of the special
features of the nineteenth annual convention
of the National Association of Manufacturers, to
be held at the Waldorf-Astoria, New York city.
May 19 and 20. Unusual interest attaches itself
to the unemployment conference for the reason
that the convention, which will bring together
many hundreds of manufacturers from all parts
of the country, will afford the spectacle of a gathering
seeking an intelligent solution of a nationwide
problem, the essential facts of which they
themselves best understand. Business conditions
of the country, the deterring influences now operating
with respect to trade activities, and also
the prospects in all the main lines of industry,
will be treated in detail.
In the address of the president, Col. George
Pope, and in a session devoted to the betterment
of industry will be presented an elaboration of
the Association's dogma that in co-operation between
employers and employes lies the hope of
labor, as shown by the failure of labor parties
in government and by the futility of the class
struggle.
To the reports of the committees for Accident
Prevention and Workmen's Compensation, Fire
Prevention, and Industrial Education, will be
added practical talks by C. W. Price, of the Wisconsin
Industrial commission; Professor Breckenbridge,
of Yale university; Edwin G. Cooley, the
well known educator; J. Schereschewsky, of the
Public Health department, Washington, D. C;
Robert Adamson, Fire Commissioner of New
York city, and many others, authorities in their
various lines.
Legislative issues affecting industry will be
discussed at length by James A. Emery, and reports
will be made by committees on Immigration,
Uniform State Laws and Patents, etc.
A peremptory writ of mandamus was recently
awarded by the Supreme court of West Virginia
against the White Oak Fuel Co., at Scarboro. W.
Va., compelling it to furnish electricity for lighting
purposes to all citizens in the town. This
decision of the court places all coal companies
whose plants furnish electric light to individuals
under the definition of public-service corporations
compelling the payment of a public-service corporation
tax and other legal requirements for such con­
cerns.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 35
MONTANA COAL PRODUCTION IN 1913.*
1913.
Northwestern Improvement Co 927,166
Republic Coal Co 531,920
Cottonwood Coal Co 404,354
Roundup Coal Mining Co 346,803
Nelson Coal Co 184,375
Anaconda Copper Mining Co 178,305
Lochray Coal Co 141,468
Montana C-oal & Iron Co 115,954
Bear Creek Coal Co 82,156
riavis Coal Co 78,809
Carbon Coal Co 53,686
International Coal Co 50,386
Brown Coal Co 47,907
Smokeless & Sootless Coal Co 45,866
Pine Creek Coal Co 24,984
O'Neill & Carr 18,574
Washington-Montana Coal Co 17,269
James Brodie & Son 12,423
Bituminous Coal Co 10,407
Anderson & Evans 9,546
Stainsby Latham Coal Co 9,384
Calone & Johnson 8,140
Milk River Coal Co 7,744
Northern Coal Co 7,441
... R. Alcott 6,250
Alba Coal Co 5,550
25 companies producing less than 5,000
tons each 37,517
Total 3,364,394
'Compiled from statistics lurnished by Stale Mine Inspector
John Sanderson.
MICHIGAN CONFERENCE ON.
The joint conference of Michigan miners and
operators to consider the wage scale for the ensuing
two years opened at Saginaw, Mich., May 5.
No serious difficulties are anticipated in drawing
up the scale, according to statements from both
parties.
The representatives of the operators are Robert
M. Randall, Saginaw; Charles Coryell, Bay City;
Clarence Brand, Saginaw-; E. B. Foss, Bay City;
William Carmichael, Saginaw; Charles Handy,
Bay City, and Commissioner Thomas W. Davis,
Saginaw. The alternates are Alexander Liddle,
Saginaw; John T. Phillips, Saginaw; John Coryell,
Bay City; John Morris, Bay City, and Alexander
Jeffreys, Flint.
Shipments of anthracite by lake from Buffalo
for the month of April amounted to 174.082 tons.
This is little more than one-third the amount
shipped during April, 1913, when the total was
505,114 tons.

36 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
PROCEDURE FOR ESTABLISHING A LIST OF PERMISSIBLE PORTABLE
ELECTRIC MINE LAMPS*
An act of Congress (37 Stat., 681.) approved
Feb. 25, 1913, contains the following provision in
regard to tests or investigations performed by the
Bureau of Mines:
That for tests or investigations authorized by
the Secretary of the Interior under the provisions
of this act, other than those performed for the
government of the I'nited States, or state governments
within the United States, a reasonable fee
covering the necessary expenses shall be charged,
according to a schedule prepared by the director
of the Bureau of Mines and approved by the Secretary
of the Interior, who shall prescribe rules
and regulations under which such tests or investigations
may be made. All moneys received from
such sources shall be paid into the Treasury to
the credit of miscellaneous receipts.
The Bureau of Mines is making tests at its Pittsburgh
experiment station in the endeavor to establish
a list of permissible portable electric lamps
for use in gaseous mines. This schedule is issued
for the information and guidance of those who may
desire to submit lamp equipment for test. It
supersedes Schedule 5, issued under date of April
5, 1913.
The Bureau of Mines considers a portable electric
lamp to be permissible for use in gaseous
mines if all the details of the lamp's construction
are the same in all respects as those of tbe lamp
that passed the inspection and the tests made by
the bureau and hereinafter described.
The conditions under which the Bureau of
Mines will examine and test portable electric
lamps to establish their permissibility for use in
gaseous mines are as follows:
1. The tests will be made at the experiment
station of the Bureau of Mines at Pittsburgh, Pa.
2. Applications for tests shall be addressed to
the director, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C,
and shall be accompanied by a
COMPLETE DESCRIPTION
of the lamp to be tested and a full set of the
drawings mentioned below.
A drawing or drawings clearly showing the size
and general appearance of the lamp mounting;
A drawing or drawings clearly showing the
character, size and relative arrangement of the
parts of the lamp mounting, and the principle of
operation of the safety devices;
Any other drawings that may be necessary to
identify the safety devices or to explain how
they accomplish their purpose.
•Schedule 6, U. S. Bureau o£ Mines.
A copy of the description, a duplicate set of
ihe drawings, and one complete lamp shall be
sent to the electrical engineer, Bureau of Mines.
Fortieth and Butler streets, Pittsburgh, Pa.
3. As soon as possible after the receipt of his
application for test the lamp manufacturer will
be notified of the date on which his lamps will
be tested and the amount of material that it will
be necessary for him to submit.
4. All material for test shall be delivered by
the manufacturer to the electrical engineer, Bureau
of Mines, Fortieth and Butler streets, Pittsburgh,
Pa., not less than one week prior to the
date set for the test.
5. No lamp equipment will be tested unless it
is in the completed form in which it is to be put
on the market.
6. Lamps so constructed that they can be used
both as cap lamps and as hand lamps must pass
the tests for both cap lamps and hand lamps or
they will not be approved for either class of service.
7. No one is to be present at these tests except
the necessary government officers, their assistants,
and one representative of the manufacturer of
the lamp to be tested.
S. The conduct of tbe tests shall be entirely in
the hands of the bureau's engineer in charge of
the investigation. The tests will be carried on
in accordance with a
PREDETERMINED SCHEDUI.E.
which may be examined and discussed before the
tests by the representative of the lamp manufacturer,
who shall, however, be present at the tests
only in the capacity of an observer. While the
tests are in progress the manufacturer's representative
shall not make unsolicited suggestions
or criticisms of the method of conducting the test,
9. The tests will be made in the order of the
receipt of application for test, provided that the
necessary lamp equipment is submitted at the
proper time.
10. The details of the results of the tests shall
be regarded as confidential by all present at the
tests and shall not be made public in any way
prior to their official publication by the Bureau of
Mines.
The requirements that a portable electric lamp
equipment must have, to pass successfully the inspection
and tests required by the bureau, are
stated below.
1. The lamp equipment must comply w-ith the
following requirements for mechanical and electrical
construction:

The construction of permissible portable electric
lamp equipment shall be especially durable.
All parts shall be constructed of suitable material
of the best quality and shall be assembled
in a thorough workmanlike manner. Currentcarrying
parts shall be well insulated from parts
of opposite polarity and from parts not intended
to carry current.
The battery shall be inclosed in a. locked or
sealed box so constructed as to preclude the possibility
of anyone meddling with the contacts or
making an electrical connection with them while
the box cover is closed.
The leads connecting the battery with the headpiece
shall be made up in a single cable efficiently
insulated and provided, where it leaves the battery
casing and enters the headpiece, with a reinforcement
of spiral spring or of flexible metallic
tubing.
It is recommended, but not required, that the
headpiece be so designed that it can be sealed or
locked.
The following qualities will be considered in
determining the excellence of the
MECHANICAL AXD ELECTRICAL
construction of lamps covered by these specifications:
Simplicity of design, mechanical strength of
parts and fastenings, suitability of material used,
design of moving and removable parts, design am!
construction of terminals and contacts for permanence
and electrical efficiency, ease of repair.
2. The lamp equipment must be provided witli
a safety device or devices as follows:
Permissible portable electric lamps shall be so
designed and constructed that whenever the bulb
of a completely assembled lamp equipment is broken
the lamp filament shall at once and under all
circumstances cease to glow at a temperature that
will ignite explosive mixtures of mine gas and air.
The mounting of the bulb may be designed so
that a blow sufficient to break the bulb will shortcircuit
it. open the electric circuit of the lamp,
or otherwise insure that the filament will be
wholly or practically extinguished. All safetydevices
with which the lamps are provided shali
be so completely protected from injury or disturbance
as to insure that the devices will always
be in condition to perform their functions.
The design of the safety features shall be such
that their action cannot readily be hindered or
prevented. The design of the safety devices shall
be such that they will not act to extinguish the
lamp unnecessarily.
3. The lamp equipment must be provided with
a battery having a short-circuit current not in
excess of the values here specified.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 37
The bureau's engineers have made tests (reported
in Technical Paper 47) that have satisfied
them that mine gas cannot be ignited by the
sparks from portable electric lamp equipments if
the batteries used with such equipments are made
so that their maximum short-circuit current cannot
exceed the fololwing values: For batteries
giving 2.5 volts or less, 125 amperes; for batteries
giving more than 2.5 volts but not more than
4 volts, 85 amperes; for batteries giving more than
4 volts but not more than 5 volts, 65 amperes;
for batteries giving more than 5 volts but not
more than 6 volts, 45 amperes. Therefore, lamps
whose short-circuit current
DOES NOT EXCEED
tese values will be considered satisfactory in that
respect.
4. The lamp equipment must meet the following
requirements for time of burning, flux of
light, intensity of light, and distribution of light:
All portable electric lamps offered for test under
the provisions of this schedule shall produce foi
12 consecutive hours on one charge of battery a
light stream having an average intensity of light
not less than four-tenths ot a candlepower. The
total flux of light produced by cap lamps shall not
fall below l~>/2 lumens during the 12 hours, and
the total flux of light produced by hand lamps
shall not fall below 3 lumens during the 12 hours.
The distribution of light by lamps that use
reflectors shall be determined both by observation
and by photometric measurement. The lamps
shall be placed 20 inches away from a plane surface
that is perpendicular to the axis of the light
stream of the lamp. When so placed the lamp
shall illuminate a circular area not less than 7
feet in diameter.t All observations and measurements
of distribution shall be referred to this 7foot
circle regardless of how large an area the
lamp may illuminate. As observed with the eye
there shall be no "black spots" within the 7-foot
circle nor any sharply contrasting areas of bright
and faint illuminating anywhere. As measured
with a photometer the distribution of light diametrically
across the circle shall fulfill the following
requirements:
The curve of light distribution along the diameter
of the circle shall be obtained by rotating
the lamp, and thus obtaining the average distribution
curve, or by taking distribution readings
in not less than three planes passing through the
axis of the light stream.
The average illumination in foot-candles on the
best illuminated one-tenth of the diameter shall
be not more than twice
THE AVERAGE ILLUMINATION
throughout the diameter, and for at least 50 per
fTliis requirement will be met by lamps that have an
angle of light stream of 130° or more.

38 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
cent, of the diameter the illumination shall not
be less than the average.
The lamp equipment must be provided with lamp
bulbs that meet the following requirements for
variation in current consumption, variation in
candlepower, and length of life:
The current consumption of at least 95 per cent.
of the bulbs tested shall not exceed by more
than 10 per cent, the average current consumption
of all the bulbs examined.
The candlepower of at least 90 per cent, of the
bulbs tested shall not fall short of the average
candle power by more than 15 per cent.
The life of a lamp bulb will be considered as the
number of hours that tbe bulb can be burned under
normal conditions of voltage before it becomes
so depreciated that when used with an average,
standard, freshly charged equipment it fails to
produce for 12 consecutive hours the flux and intensity-
of light specified in paragraph 4.
The average life of lamp bulbs shall be not less
than 300 hours for primary batteries and acid
storage-batteries and not less than 200 hours for
alkaline storage-batteries. Not more than 5 per
cent, of the bulbs examined shall give less than 250
hours' life with acid batteries, nor less than 170
hours' life with alkaline batteries.
6. The lamp equipment must comply with the
following requirements as to the leakage of electrolyte:
Lamps shall be so designed and constructed that
they will not spill nor leak electrolyte throughout
a 12-hour test, during w-hich they will be placed
in any position or sequence of positions that in
the opinion of the bureau's engineers will be most
likely to prove whether or not the electrolyte can
be spilled.
The excellence of the mechanical and electrical
features of the design and construction of the
lamps will be carefully determined.
The following tests will also be made: Hand
lamps will be dropped 10 times upon a concrete
floor from a point 6 feet above it. As the resuH
of these dropping tests, there
MIST HE NO BREAKAGE
of the battery jar or material distortion of the
casing of the battery. The engineers in charge
of the investigation shall be the sole judges of
whether or not material distortion occurs.
Cap lamps will be dropped 10 times upon a wooden
floor from a point 3 feet above it. There must
be no breakage of the battery jar nor material distortion
of the casing. Small cracks in the battery
jar will be permitted if such cracks do not
prevent the lamp from burning at full brilliancy
for three hours after the completion of the test.
In making tests of the safety devices it will be
assumed that, if the short-cuircuit current of the
battery does not exceed a certain value stated previously,
the glowing filament of the lamp is the
only source of danger.
It will also be assumed (based on tests reported
in Technical Paper 23) that the glowing filament
presents an element of danger in the presence of
mine gas if the bulb of the lamp can be broken
without causing the filament to become wholly or
practically extinguished as the result of the action
of the safety device or devices with which the
lamp is provided.
The tests will therefore be made with a view to
determining whether or not the lamp bulb may,
under any circumstances whatever, be broken without
causing the safety device of the lamp to extinguish
the lamp or cause the filament to glow
at a temperature that is not high enough to ignite
explosive mixtures of mine gas and air.
If the safety devices are designed to extinguish
the lamp before the bulb is broken it will not be
necessary to make the tests in gas unless the
safety devices do not completely extinguish the
lamp. It will then be necessary to determine
whether or not the filament is glowing at a temperature
sufficient to ignite gas.
If the safety devices are designed to extinguish
the lamp at the same time that the
BULB IS BROKEN,
it will be desirable to make the tests in explosive
mixtures of gas and air.
Gas, if used, will be the natural gas supplied to
the city of Pittsburgh. The composition of this
gas, as determined from recent analyses, is approximately
83.1 per cent, methane, 16 per cent.
ethane, 0.9 per cent, nitrogen, and a trace of carbon
dioxide.
The details of conducting the tests will manifestly
not be the same for all lamps submitted,
because different lamps will no doubt have safety
devices differing in design, construction, and basic
principles. The bureau proposes to determine for
each lamp separately a schedule of tests that, after
due examination of the lamp and its safety devices,
seem best adapted to ascertaining the merits
of the equipment, submitted. This schedule
may be examined and discussed by the manufacturer's
representative before the tests are begun.
In general, the tests will consist of striking the
mounting or holder of the lamp bulb in an attempt
to break the bulb without extinguishing the lamp.
If the safety devices are designed to extinguish
the lamp (as by disconnecting the bulb from circuit
or by opening the circuit at some other point),
the devices will be considered to have acted—
1. If, after the blow- has been delivered, the
lamp bulb, whether broken or not, is clearly disconnected
from circuit.
2. If, after the blow has been delivered—

la) When the lamp filament is not broken by
the blow, it does not glow, or,
(b) When the lamp filament is broken by the
blow, a sound filament, replacing the broken filament,
does not glow.
If the safety devices are designed to decrease
the temperature of the filament (by short-circuiting
the filament or by other means), tbe devices
will be considered to have acted if, after the blow
has been delivered—
(al When the lamp filament is not broken by
the blow, it does not glow at a temperature sufficient
to ignite gas, or.
(b) When the lamp filament is broken by the
blow, a sound filament, replacing the
BROKEN FILAMENT,
does not glow at a temperature sufficient to ignite
gas.
If there is any question as to whether or not a
filament is glowing at a dangerous temperature,
the point will be settled by surrounding the filament
with an explosive mixture of gas and air.
If after the blow has been delivered the bulb
has not been broken and the safety devices have
not acted, the test will be repeated with the same
equipment at the discretion of the bureau's engineers
The bureau believes that approximately 50 tests
will be necessary to determine whether or not
the safety devices of a lamp are permissible for
use in gaseous mines, but more or fewer tests
may be made at the discretion of the engineer in
charge of the tests.
The short-circuit current of the battery will be
determined by connecting an ammeter directly
across the terminals of the battery with a minimum
amount of resistance in conductors and
contacts.
The tests to determine the time of burning, flux,
intensity and distribution of light will be made
for not less than 20 batteries, 6 reflectors or lamp
mountings and 100 lamp bulbs.
The average performance of the various equipments
will be taken as the average performance
of the lamp. The measurements of flux and intensity
of light will be made after the bulbs have
been burned for about 10 hours in order to some­
what season them.
Measurements of current consumption ancl can
dlepower will be made with bulbs that have burned
about 10 hours.
Measurements of current consumption wili be
made at the average potential given by the lamp
battery after having been used for one hour.
Measurements of bulb candlepower will be made
in one direction only. Usually the direction that
gives the largest exposure of filament will be se­
lected.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 39
Determination of bulb life will be made with
batteries that have the
SAME VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS
as those used with the lamp. Tests will be made
with the bulbs in a fixed position.
The lamps will be tested for leakage and spilling
of electrolyte by placing the batteries for
various lengths of time, totaling 12 hours, in
various positions that seem most likely to cause
the cells to leak or spill. If a battery does not
leak or spill more than one full drop of electrolyte
during the 12-hour test the battery casing will
be regarded as non-spilling.
The manufacturer will be required to attach
to the battery casing of each permissible lamp
equipment a plate inscribed as follows:
Permissible Electric Lamp.
U. S. Bureau of Mines Approval No. —
The use of the plate will not be required if the
same words are stamped into the casing of the
battery.
As soon as the bureau's engineers are satisfied
that a lamp is permissible the manufacturer of
the lamp and the mine inspection departments of
the several states shall be notified to that effect.
As soon as a manufacturer receives formal notification
that his lamp has passed the tests prescribed
by the bureau he shall be free to advertise
such lamp as permissible.
The bureau's approval of any lamp shall be construed
as applying to all lamps, made by the same
manufacturer, that have the same construction in
the details considered by tbe bureau, but to nc
other lamps.
Manufacturers shall, before claiming the bureau's
approval for any modification of any aiiproved
lamp, submit to the bureau drawings that shall
show the extent aid nature of such modifications,
in order that the bureau may decide whether or
not it should test the remodeled lamp before approving
it. Each approval of
A PERMISSIBLE LAMP
will be given a serial number. Approvals of modified
forms of a previously approved lamp will bear
the same number as the original approval, with
the addition of the letters, a, b. c, etc.
The bureau reserves the right to rescind, for
cause, at any time any approval granted under the
conditions herein set forth.
The bureau will, upon request, make tests of
lamp bulbs to determine whether or not they will
comply with the bureau's requirements when used
in connection with any lamp that has been approved
by the bureau under the provisions of this
schedule.
Lamp bulbs that fulfill the requirements will be
specifically approved for use with stated lamps.
Application for tests of bulbs should be made in

4(1
a manner similar to application for tests of lamps.
The necessary expenses involved in testing port­
able electric mine lamps have been determined,
and the following schedule of fees to be charged
on and aftei the date of issue of this schedule has
been established and approved by the Secretary ol
the Interior:
For an official investigation of a portable
electric mine lamp to determine its per­
missibility, the investigation to include
tests ol tbe safety devices, and the deter­
mination of the time of burning, flux of
light, intensity of light, distribution of
light, bulb characteristics, and leakage of
electrolyte $100.1111
For additional necessary tests under the
same investigation (for each five tests
or fraction thereof) 2 50
For tests to determine only time of burning,
flux of light, intensity of light, distribu­
tion of light, bulb characteristics, and
leakage of electrolyte 56.00
For tests to determine only bulb life, varia­
tion in bulb candlepower, and variation
in bulb current consumption 36.00
Manufacturers who submit lamps for tests to
determine permissibility for use in gaseous mines
will lie required to furnish certified check or bank-
draft, made payable to the Secretary of the Interior,
to cover the total fees required for the de­
sired tests. Such fees must be received at least
two weeks prior to the date set foi* beginning tin
tests; otherwise the equipment of the next applicant
upon the list will be tested.
If any lamp equipment, submitted is disapproved
liefore it has been subjected to all the tests, the
following refunds will he made to tin- manufacturer:
If all or a part of the tests on the safety devices
have been completed but no other tests have been
made. $50 will be refunded.
If the tests of the safety devices have been completed
and the investigation of the
II.IX OF LIGHT,
intensity of light, and distribution of light has
been begun but is not more than half completed,
$25 will be refunded.
Synopsis of procedure to be followed in making
application for tests, submitting material, conducting
tests, and notifying applicant of results:
1. Application for tests should be addressed to
the director of the Bureau of Mines. Washington,
1). ('. This application should be accompanied by
check or draft and by a complete description of
the lamp to be tested and a set of the drawings
described in paragraph 2. Duplicate copies
of the application, description and draw­
ings should lie sent to tbe electrical engineer.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Bureau of Mines, Fortieth and Butler streets, Pitts­
burgh. Pa., accompanied by a single complete lamp.
equipment.
2. As soon as the application has been reviewed
by the bureau's engineers, the applicant will be
notified of the date of test and the number of
lamps and lamp parts that it will be necessary for
him to submit.
3. After receiving this notification the appli­
cant should send the material required to tbe elec­
trical engineer. Bureau of .Mines. Fortieth and But­
ler strets, Pittsburgh, Pa. This material should
be delivered not less than one week in advance of
the date set for tbe beginning of the lests. At
this time tue applicant should state tlie name and
address of the applicant's representative who will
witness tlie tests.
1. On the date of the test a previously prepared
schedule of the tests to be made will be submitted
to the applicant or his 1 epresentative for examinalion
and discussion prior to the beginning of the
tests
After the bureau's engineers have considered the
results of the tests, a foimal report of the approval
or disapproval of the lamp will be made to the
applicant in writing by the director of tlie Bureau
of Mines. No verbal report will be made and the
details ol' the tests must be regarded as confidential
by all present.
•I. A. HOLMES, Director.
Approved, Feb. 20, 1914.
Franklin K. Lane, Secretary.
I' CONSTRUCTION and DEVELOPMENT
Ivor Thomas, of Boswell, Pa., has purchased a
200-acre tract of coal between Boswell and Ralphton
and will open a drift within a short time.
It is the intention to ship 1,00(1 tons of coal
daily to the eastern markets. The new mine will
be located along the Boswell branch of the Baltimore
& (ihio Railroad.
The Massillon Coal Mining Co., of Massillon, O.,
will open three new mines on its property near
that city. This announcement was made imme­
diately following the destruction of its tipple
April 30 by fire.
The Shawmut Mining Co. is reported to be
planning two new mines on the opposite side of
the Allegheny river from Logansport, Pa. It is
said $800,000 will be expended in opening the
properties.
The Connellsville Coke Co., in addition to repairing
its ovens at Dexter, will build a new tram­
way 2,000 feet long to connect its mines and ovens.

INVITES INSPECTORS TO INSTITUTE.
Secretary J. W. Paul of the Mine Inspectors'
Institute of America has sent out the following
circular letter:
The annual meeting of the Mine Inspectors' In­
stitute of the U. S. A. will convene in Pittsburgh,
Pa.. June 9, lo, 11 and 12. with headquarters at
the Seventh Avenue hotel.
All members of the institute, and all mine in­
spectors in the United States and provincial in­
spectors in Canada, are urgently requested to at­
tend the meeting, and those not now members are
invited to submit applications for membership.
The committees of the bituminous inspectors of
Pennsylvania will leave no stone unturned in fur­
nishing entertainment to visiting inspectors.
Arrangements are being perfected tor a full
day's visit to the testing station and experimental
mine of the I'nited States Bureau of Mines, where
interesting and instructive tests will be conducted.
This meeting, being held in the center of the
greatest industrial center in America and in the
greatest coal center of the world, insures the larg­
est attendance of any meeting of the institute.
PLAN A NEW POWER PLANT.
Coal mine operators of Central City. Ky., and
vicinity arc planning to erect a big electric gen­
erating station for their mines in that territory.
Those interested include S. .1. Gish and James
Small, of Central City; Hubert Meredith, of Green­
ville, Ky.; L. L. Dunham, of New York; T. C.
Dupont and Daniel Caulfleld, of Wilmington, Del.
Their plans call for the organization of the South
Kentucky Power Co. in connection with the Cen­
tral City, Greenville & Drakesboro Traction Co.
It is proposed to build a central steam driven
electric plant on the Green river, three miles from
Central City, and therefrom transmit electricity
to more than 20 coal mining plants and otlier en­
terprises within a radius of 200 miles. The con­
struction of steel coal tipples and concrete coal
pockets is also proposed. An investment of $3,000,-
000 is contemplated.
Petitions in involuntary bankruptcy were filed
against the Consolidated Coal & .Mining Co. in the
United States District court at Cincinnati, O.. re­
cently. The company entered its appearance in
receivership proceedings instituted on Dec. 27,
1913, by the E. J. Hickey Transportation Co. T. .1.
Hall & Co. claim to be creditors in tlie sum of
$4,222.70 on notes given by the defendant com­
pany for eoal sold and delivered to it. The
Monongahela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co.
claims $958.10 is due it for merchandise and the
Reliance Coal & Coke Co. claims $845.85 to be due
it on account.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
JOHN A. BELL BECOMES PRESIDENT OF THE
CARNEGIE COAL COMPANY, SUCCEEDING
R. P. BURGAN.
Mr. John A. Bell lias been elected a directoi and
the president of the Carnegie Coal Co. of Pitts­
burgh, succeeding Mr. R. F. Burgan. Mr. Burgan
is retiring from business after many years of ac­
tivity and success. He will lake an extensive trip
abroad spending some time in his old home, Com-
wall, England, where he was born.
Together with Mr. .1. T. M. Stoneroad, Mr. Bur­
gan formed the Carnegie Coal Co. in 1899. They
have seen it expand from a little concern with one
mine at Carnegie to a strong corporation, having
five up-to-date plants, with a mining capacity of
2,000,000 tons per year and owning large modern
upper lake docks at. Duluth and Superior. The
company's mines include the monster plant at
Charleroi. recently purchased and newly equipped,
with a large acreage of the richest of gas coal,
and four other plants in the vicinity of Carnegie
producing the highest grade of Pittsburgh steam
and domestic coal.
Mr. Boll is best known as a leading and suc­
cessful banker in Pittsburgh and Western Penn­
sylvania. At the same time, he has had much
to do with the development of the coal industry
in the Pittsburgh district and has extensive coal
ami oil property holdings. For many years he
was a director in the Pittsburgh Coal Co.
With Mr. Burgan's retirement, tbe active execu-

42 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
tive officials of the Carnegie Coal Co. are: Mr. VIRGINIAN RAILWAY SHIPMENTS.
Bell, president; J. H. Sanford, vice president; and
.1. T. M. Stoneroad, secretary and treasurer.
Coal and coke shipments over the Virginian
Railway for the month of March, 1914, were:
Coal
INDUSTRIAL NOTES
Net Tons.
New River Collieries Co 31,010
Bulletin No. 129 just issued by the Jeffrey Manu­ E. E. White Coal Co 29,051
facturing Co., Columbus, O., is descriptive of Kanawha, Glen Jean & Eastern R. R 24,748
tbe company's latest product in the line of coal Slab Fork Coal Co 22,676
cutting machinery, the Arcwall Coal Cutter. The Gulf Smokeless Coal Co 20,867
new coal cutter is of the locomotive turret type Loup Creek Colliery Co 20,673
and affords not only an advance step in the mining E. E. White Coal Co 20,496
of coal but it actually is an innovation because of Pemberton Coal & Coke Co 16,498
the fact that it is adapted for use in all veins MacAlpin Coal Co 14,426
from two feet up. It will cut the coal from the Raleigh Coal & Coke Co 11,821
top of the seam just as readily as it will cut the Long Branch Coal Co 10,910
band of impurities from the middle of the seam Winding Gulf Colliery Co 10,297
or the one from near the bottom of the seam. Bailey Wood Coal Co 10,109
The March number of "The Mineral Resources
New River Collieries Co
Lynwin Coal Co
10,005
9,763
of Oregon," just out, contains an exhaustive report
on "The Geology and Mineral Resources of
the John Day Region," by Arthur J. Collier. In
it he tells, among other things, of the coal resources,
and indicates that under present conditions
and for a long time to come, the commercial
mining of coal will be profitless and almost
impossible.
The New River Co
The New River Co
The New River Co
The New River Co
Pemberton Coal & Coke Co
The New River Co
Mead Pocahontas Coal Co
Gulf Coal Co
8,235
7,685
7,214
6,733
5,958
5,404
5.345
4,739
The New River Co
The Buffalo Foundry & Machine Co., of Buffalo,
Sullivan Coal & Coke Co
N. Y„ announces it has terminated the arrange­
Sugar Creek Coal & Coke Co
ment whereby Mr. H. E. Jacoby has been repre­
Woodpeck Coal Co
senting it in New York City and vicinity. The
Pemberton Fuel Co
company now is handling direct all inquiries cov­
The New River Co
ering vacuum apparatus, castings, patterns and
Trace Fork Coal Co
machine work.
The New River Co
4,462
4,407
3,165
3,024
2,495
2,190
1,230
1,125
The May number of Leschen's Hercules, pub­
City Coal Co 191
lished by the A. Leschen & Sons Rope Co., St.
Louis, Mo., is a particularly interesting number,
as it contains articles and views from different
parts of this country and from Europe as well,
all characterized by the use of Leschen ropes.
336,952
The Bergholz Coal Co. plant at Bergholz, O.,
is fully described in the April number of Electrical
Mining, published by the Electrical Mining
Publishing Co., Chicago. Other interesting
articles are printed, all being well illustrated.
"Mine and Quarry" for April, 1914, published
by the Sullivan Machine Co., Chicago, is just out,
and contains some exceptionally interesting articles
relative to niining affairs where the company's
product is in use.
"Frogs and Switches" is the title of a neat
little booklet issued by the Helmick Foundry-
Machine Co., Fairmont, W. Va., descriptive of that
class of product of the company's plant.
The Chicago Coal Dealers' association has appointed
a committee to investigate the matter of
weights, both at the mines and at destination. An
effort will be made to formulate a set of rules
which will do justice to all parties concerned, and
a sub-committee has been named to draw up these
rules and submit them to the association.
The Canadian Retail Coal association will hold
its annual meeting at Toronto this year, June 18
and 19 having been fixed as the dates. The program
for the convention has not yet been arranged.
The Illinois Mining Institute is holding its meetings
at Peoria, 111., the sessions beginning today,
May 14, and continuing through May 15 and 16.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 43
SELF-CONTAINED PORTABLE ELECTRIC MINE LAMPS*
By H, O. Swoboda
It is a well known fact that a considerable number
of mine explosions with their enormous losses
of life and property are caused by defects and improper
handling of the so-called miner's safetj
lamps, built on the Davy principle. The Bureau
of Mines, for instance, mentions in one of its
reports that at least two disasters in this country
in 1912 were caused in this manner, killing more
than a dozen men, and the Prussian government
states that during the decade from 1902 to 1911
at least 27 per cent, of all explosions in the anthracite
mines are to be blamed on these lamps.
Therefore, it is only natural that attempts to develop
a portable electric safety lamp were made
quite some time ago. Satisfactory results, bowever,
have only been obtained since the carbon
filament lamps were superseded by the tungsten
lamps. Due to their high economy in current
consumption they permit the reduction of the
battery to such an extent that the weight and size
of the portable lamp does not prevent the miner
any more from moving around freely in performing
his duties.
Electric safety lamps must answer the following
requirements:
Absolute safety against ignition of mine gases;
Uninterrupted production of a steady and sufficient
amount of light for at least one shift:
Absolutely foolproof design.
Besides this, it is essential:
To have a simple and durable construction;
To keep the weight at a minimum;
To facilitate the charging and inspecting of tbe
battery.
Safety. Careful experiments conducted by the
Bureau of Mines in Pittsburgh and also at Gelsenkirchen,
Germany, have shown that the only
source of danger in a portable electric lamp is the
glowing filament of the incandescent lamp.
Sparks obtained by the breaking and establishing
of the electric circuit are not of sufficient
strength to ignite mine gases, clue to the
LOW VOLTAGE
and amperage of the batteries used, as longas
the maximum short-circuiting current of these
batteries does not exceed
100 amperes for batteries
2.5 volts.
85 amperes for batteries
4.0 volts.
65 amperes for batteries
5.0 volts.
with not more than
with not more than
with not more than
•Paper presented at the 293d Meeting of the American Intitule
itute of Electrical Engineers Pittsburgh Pa.. April 9-10,
1914.
45 amperes for batteries with not more than
O.o volts.
Therefore it is not necessary to provide protection
against sparking on the switch and on the
connections between battery and lamp.
As the filament under normal conditions is
operated in a vacuum and enclosed in a glass bulb,
the danger of igniting mine gases exists only in
case this bulb is smashed without the filament
being broken at the same time, so that the latter
continues to glow until it burns out. Several absolutely
safe methods can be employed to prevent
the filament from glowing after the bulb has been
broken, and one method which has been in actual
use for a number of years will be described in the
course of the paper.
Steady and Sufficient Light. The miners' old
safety lamps furnish a flickering light of about
o,8 c.p. capacity, which rapidly decreases during
the shift to about one-half. This is not sufficient
light for the miner to perform his work satisfactorily,
and, according to the investigations made
by Dr. T. Lister of Llewellyn, England, is the
principal cause of the special eyesicknesses (miner's
nystagmus) with which miners become affected,
b or this reason it was considered advisable
to equip the electric mine lamps with incandescent
lamps of at least 1.5 c.p.
The only source of electrical energy which will
produce this amount of light satisfactorily for at
least one shift or approximately 10 to 12 hours is
the storage battery, primary batteries for such an
output being entirely too large for use in portable
equipments. Years of development have resulted
in fairly satisfactory batteries and it seems, in
the present state of the art, that
THE LEAH CELL,
regardless of its weight, on account of its comparatively
high voltage and slow drop in voltage
while discharging, is the most suitable type.
Foolproof Design. Miners' lamps are exposed
to extremely rough handling by inexperienced
hands and the least mechanical or electrical weaknesses
are liable to result in a failure to supplylight.
The following are about the most important
points which must be observed in a successful
lamp:
The lamp must be locked so that the miner absolutely
cannot get at any part of the mechanism.
It must burn in any position, even, under water,
and if dropped on solid material, such as rocks,
iron or cement from a height of several feet must
continue to operate.
The incandescent lamp bulb must be thoroughly

44 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
protected so that it is almost impossible to break
it.
The electrolyte of the battery must not leak out.
That constructions of this character are possible,
and in actual use, will be shown later on.
During the year 1912 prizes were offered by the
British government for the best portable electric
mine lamp and not less than 197 applicants entered
into competition and submitted samples.
After careful tests extending over several months,
the first prize of $3,000 was awarded to the makers
of the "Ceag" lamp described in this paper.
Since this lamp has also been accepted by practically
all otlier European governments and was the
first lamp approved by the Bureau of Mines, answering
all requirements, and still remains today
the only approved hand lamp, it might be well to
study its construction carefully.
The incandescent lamp is covered by a heavyglass
dome, which is protected by four heavy steel
l ods held together by a sheet steel roof. A substantial
hook is attached to this roof, so that the
miner ean either stand the lamp on the ground or
hang it to a post in the
IM .MEDIATE NEIGHBORHOOD
of his working place. The bottom part, made of
heavy corrugated galvanized sheet steel, contains
the storage battery. By turning the upper part
on the lower, the miner can turn the light on and
off.
The incandescent lamp rests in a socket, which
is pressed upward by a spiral spring against another
spring between the bulb and glass dome,
providing a complete spring support and preventing
breakage even with the most severe shocks.
Electric connection is established for one pole
through the socket spring, and for the other pole
by another smaller spring inside the socket
spring, and insulated from it. In case the bulb
breaks, the socket spring pushes the socket upwards,
and as the inner spring does not expand as
much as the socket spring, the circuit is interrupted.
Lately, another safety device has been added.
It consists of a fuse, which blows the moment the
bulb of the incandescent lamp is broken. This
eliminates the possibility of obtaining sparks or
getting the filament to glow in case the miner
should attempt to push the bulb back into its
normal position; it also protects the battery from
being short-circuited for any length of time, in
case the leads to the bulb have become short-circuited
during the accident.
As stated before, the upper part of the lamp
turns on the lower part, opening and closing the
switch. This rotating movement is limited by a
soft iron pin, which acts as a magnetic lock.
This pin can be withdrawn in the charging room
by a strong electromagnet, and when this is done,
the upper and lower parts of the housing separate,
and the battery can be removed for charging.
The storage battery consists of a single round
lead cell with concentric electrodes inside of a
celluloid vessel covered with a waterproof lid of
the same material. Cylindrical electrodes were
given the preference over flat ones, as they are
stronger and therefore
STAND ROUGHER HAXDLIXG.
They also warp less, so that in charging, the current
density can be increased and the length of
time correspondingly decreased. The holes in
the terminal sockets contain bushings made of
acid-proof metal, into which removable terminals,
are fitted. These terminals are pressed upward
by the terminal springs and against the contact
segments of the switch, carrying in this manner
the current to the incandescent lamp. Terminals
and springs can easily be taken out and cleaned
by washing in warm water, a very important
point. The use of non-removable springs has
been found impractical, as they are very difficult
to clean, consequently are liable to corrode and
break easily. First-class contact springs, however,
are imperative for an uninterrupted light
service.
In charging storage batteries gases develop,
which must have an opportunity to escape. It is
therefore impossible to make the cells airtight.
An ordinary opening, on the other hand, would
have the disadvantage that the acid would run
out, in case a cell were upset, and this would destroy
the housing of the lamp. In order to overcome
this difficulty, the center of the cell is equipped
with a celluloid tubing which is in communication
with the upper part of the cell, where all
gases collect, by means of a small side tubing.
The gases therefore can pass from the cell through
the side tubing and finally through center tubing
into the open, whereas any particles of acid carried
along by the gases, will deposit in cylinder
Even if the cell is turned upside down, no acid
which may be in cylinder or any other acid, can
escape. In other words, the lamp will burn in
any position, without the acid being able to leak
out.
The principal dimensions of this lamp are as
follows: The weight of the lamp complete is
about 5 pounds (2.4 kg.); its height, not including
hanger, is 10% inches (26 cm.); its largest
diameter is Z r -:L inches (9.5 cm.) The incandescent
lamp consumes 0.85 amperes at 2 volts. The
battery has a capacity of 16 ampere-hours, and
the maximum charging current should not exceed
2 amperes.
To meet various requirements this standard design
is not only made in

FOUR DIFFERENT SIZES,
ranging in weight from 1% to 5 pounds I- 1 , to
2Vi kg.), but it is also made with two storage
battery cells connected in series, resulting for the
entire line in capacities ranging from four to 16
hours of life for one discharge and producing light
from 0.75 to 3 cp.
Besides this, a number of other modifications
have been developed, so that mines can be completely
equipped today with electric safety lamps,
wherever a permanent wiring in connection with
the lighting plant is impossible. Lamps are made
for rescue parties, cages, powder magazines, shaft
lighting, shaft inspection, loading places, blasting,
cars and locomotives (head and tail lamps),
etc.
The standard lamp, being of the "lighthouse"
type, distributes its light uniformly over the entire
surroundings. The modification known as
the "trip" lamp, has the incandescent lamp
mounted on one side combined with a reflector
concentrating the light rays in one direction.
This design is mostly used for inspection trips
and head and tail lamps for cars and locomotives.
It is made in the same capacities as the standard
lamp.
The "shaft" lamp is arranged with an adjustable
ami, on which the incandescent lamp is
mounted, so that the light can be sent in any desired
direction. It is made for from 8 to 24 c.p.
and from 7 to 12 hours of life for one charge.
Another type of "shaft" lamp, without an adjustable
arm, is made for 8 to 12 c.p. and for 15
and 10 hours of life for one charge.
The lamps so far described were designed to
take the place of the Davy safety lamp, which is
in use in gaseous mines all over the world. In
this country, however, the designer of electric
safety lamps is confronted with another problem
besides. In a great many mines the crews have
and still use "naked" lamps fastened to their
caps. On account of the strict enforcement of
the niining regulations in recent years, a great
many of these mines have been and will be compelled
to substitute safety lamps. It is only logical
that the men in these
MINES CLAMOR FOR A TYFE
of electric lamp which is as near identical as possible
with the present form of naked lamp. To
meet this demand, electric cap lamps have been
developed, the batteries of which are carried by
the miner on his belt and are connected to the
lamp by a well protected special flexible cord.
The principles of construction of the cap lamp
are identical with those of the hand lamp, besides
several new features which have been added. One
is that the incandescent lamp is mounted inside
a parabolic reflector, the opening of which is
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 45
closed by a lens, instead of being covered with a
glass dome; another is a ball joint permitting the
miner to direct the light rays wherever they are
needed. The third feature is embodied in the
flexible conductors connecting battery and lamp.
In case of an accident, there is a possibility that
the two conductors may become short-circuited and
therefore red hot, eventually setting the insulation
afire, if they are made of copper or similar
material. To prevent this a special alloy has
been prepared, the melting point of which is considerably
below the temperature which is required
to ignite insulation or mine gas. Consequently,
if a short circuit should take place, the
conductors would melt and interrupt the circuit,
before there could be a possibility of danger.
From the foregoing description, it can be seen
that portable self-contained electric mine lamps
of this type have passed the first state of development,
if one considers that more than 1,000 are in
daily use in Europe, apparently producing excellent
results, there is no reason why the adoption
of electric mine lamps in this country should not
make rapid progress in the immediate future.
The question whether hand lamps or cap lamps,
or both, should be used, is a mere matter of detail,
which will adjust itself. European practice
has adopted the hand lamp exclusively; the sentiment
in this country, however, seems to be in
favor of the cap lamp. Men who continually
change their location in performing their duties
will prefer the cap lamp, leaving both hands free
for action; men who stay at work in the same
place most of the time will favor the hand lamp,
which can be set aside or hung up in the neighborhood,
relieving them from carrying unnecessary
weight.
When the crew leaves the mine, the lamps have
to be delivered to the lamp room for recharging
and cleaning. For this purpose the magneticlock
has to be opened, so that the battery can be
removed from the housing and placed on the
charging rack. The unlocking is accomplished
by pushing the
LAMP LOCK AGAINST THE POLE PIECES
of an electromagnet, which lifts the soft Iron pin
holding the upper and lower parts of the housing
together.
Special charging racks have been designed to
receive the batteries. The rack is intended for
80 cells connected in two series of 40 each. Each
circuit is equipped with a switch, ammeter and
rheostat, so that the operator can determine the
status of the charge at any time. The rheostats
are provided with a surplus of resistance, so that
less than 40 cells in a series can be charged, if
necessary. A portable voltmeter with a capacity
of about three volts is provided to take the volt-

46 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
age readings on the individual cells. Cells are
charged, ready for service, when their voltage
reaches a value of 2.6. When more than So cells
are to be charged, two, three or more racks can
be combined, and all the cells can be charged at
one time.
After the batteries are charged and the contacts
and housings have been carefully cleaned,
the lamps are reassembled and hung up on special
racks, from which the miners remove the lamps.
when they begin a new- sbilt.
For mines using a large number of lamps, it is
essential that charging, cleaning and repairing be
handled systematically and with pi oper care. For
this reason special lamp bouses are being erected
on the same general principles as those for the
Davy safety lamps, but simpler and cheaper, hecause
it is not necessary to make special provision
for the safe storage of the fuel, like benzine.
The ground plan of a lamp bouse erected for
4,000 lamps, consists of a building about. 128 by
33 feet (39 by 10 m.), containing a charging room
with 20 racks, six opening magnets, three small
motors for buffing and cleaning and a small distribution
board with a watt-hour meter. To the
left of the charging room is the storeroom for receiving
the lamps when they are ready for service,
and to the right is a small shop for making
repairs. Besides this a small room has been provided
for a number of benzine lamps, which are
being carried for the fire bosses, and on another
floor a washroom for the crew.
Proper care of the lamps has considerable effect
on the reliability of the service. One of the large
German mines, having
Defects caused by the batteries:
Batteries, leaking 0.1%
Batteries, discharged ahead of time. 0.3%
Total battery defects 0.4%
Defects due to other causes 0.1' '•
Total number of defective lamps.... 1.5%
Records covering cost of installing and operating
electric mine lamps in this country are not
available to any extent, because the number of
lamps installed is so far not very large ancl tbe
time during which they have been in operation is
comparatively short. However, it should be possible
to form some idea of what can be expected,
from the experience in Europe.
Although the first cost of electric lamps is undoubtedly
higher than that of
HEN/INK LAMPS,
the cost of operation, including maintenance, is
claimed to average from 10 to 15 per cent, less for
electric lamps than for benzine lamps. Whether the
same results can he obtained in this country, the
future will have to decide. It may be added that
the cost of the electrical energy is very small and
that the cost of maintenance consists about onethird
of labor and two-thirds of renewal of parts,
and depreciation.
Especially of importance is the cost of renewing
the electrodes of the storage batteries, replacement
of complete lamps, which are broken on account
of rough handling and accidents, and renewing
the incandescent lamps.
The life of the electrodes for lead cells ranges
from about 100 to 400 shifts, depending entirely
upon the treatment which they receive. At the
SEVERAL THOSAXD ELECTRIC
present time large claims are being made for the
lamps in daily use, reports that at first about five alkaline cell, which is supposed to last as long
per cent, of all lamps taken into the mine with as 2,000 shifts. This, however, requires verifi­
the beginning of the shift were returned at the cation by actual tests. Besides this, it must be
end of the same shift, either burning poorly or not borne in mind that the higher cost of the alka­
at all. By a careful study of all details in tbe line cell, the necessity of using two cells, in series,
lamp house and by putting a skilled man in charge instead of only one as in the lead battery, and the
of the lamp house work, this percentage has been increase in the renewal of tbe incandescent lamps,
reduced to less than 1.5, with the expectation that due to the large variation in the voltage, will fully
it will soon drop below one per cent. That this wipe out this apparent advantage. However, tbe
last-named figure is not an exception, is verined by weightiest argument against this claim is the fact
the Bullcroft Main Colliery Co., Ltd.. Doncaster, that the physical life of mining lamps cannot
England. This company has more than 10,000 reach 2,000 shifts, and that the natural deterior­
lamps in daily use and reports the number of ation of all parts is considerably below this limit.
defective lamps per shift to be less than one per The replacement of complete lamps which are
cent.
broken on account of rough handling and accidents
The investigation of these defects, if they amount undoubtedly varies more or
to 1.5 per cent., shows the following:
LESS IN ACCORDANCE
Defects caused by the incandescent lamps:
with the character of the work performed in the
Lamps, burning dark 0.6% mine. European practice shows that about 0.1
Lamps, with broken filaments 0.29; per cent, of all lamps per shift are lost in this
Lamps, with broken bulbs 0.2% manner.
Total incandescent lamp defects. . . . 1.0%
(CONTINUED ON PAGE 60)

VAc • A N C I ES HOW FILLED.
Section 33. When a vacancy occurs in the office
of Deputy Inspector, the Chief Inspector of Coal
Mines shall fill the same by appointment from the
names on the certified list on file in the offices of
the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines and tbe Secretary
of State.
COMPLAINT AGAINST INSPECTORS.
Section 34. Complaints affecting the conduct
of a Chief Inspector or a Deputy Inspector of Coal
Mines may be filed by any interested party. The
complaint must be accompanied by good and substantial
bond which shall be approved by the State
Auditor, for one thousand dollars conditioned that
the complainant shall pay all cost of the investigation
in the event the complaint be proved to
be either untrue or malicious, and the complaint
shall set forth the charge in detail and copies shall
be filed by the person complaining, with the Governor
and the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines, and
should the complaint affect any Deputy Inspector,
a copy shall be served on such Deputy.
INQUIRY OF BOARD OF EXAMINERS.
Section 35. The Governor shall upon receipt of
such complaint examine the same, and on being
satisfied that the complaint contained therein is
sufficiently founded upon facts, he shall direct the
Examining Board to convene and hold an inquiry
into the whole matter.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 47
COAL MINING LAWS OF COLORADO
REMOVAL OF [NSPECTORS.
Section 36. A Chief Inspector or a Deputy Inspector
of Coal Mines may be removed from office
by the Governor upon the request of the Examining
Board. At any inquiry pertaining to the removal
of a Chief Coal Mine Inspector or Deputy
Inspector, the Governor shail art as chairman of
the Board, and the Chief Inspector shall not sit
as member of the Board at such inquiry. The
Examining Board shall not make such request
until they have fully investigated all charges, ami
given the officer charged with the offense ample
opportunity of being heard in his own behalf. He
shall only be removed for proved inefficiency, or
failure to carry out the provisions of this act or
for malfeasance in office.
ANNUAL REPORT OF CHIEF INSPECTOR.
Section 37. The Chief Inspector of Coal Mines
shall submit an annual report to the Governor not
later than the first day of April for the year ending
December 31st, previous, in each and every
year hereafter, which shall show the number of
persons employed in and about each mine, the
number of mines, the average number of days
(CONTINUED FROM ISSUE OF MAY 1)
worked, the extent to which the law is obeyed,
the progress made in the improvements sought
to be secured by the passage of this act, the number
of deaths and accidents disabling an employe
from work for five days or more resulting from
injuries received in or about each mine, with the
cause of each; statistics showing output of coal,
the developments made at each mine, information
concerning the production of coal and the amount
sold within and outside the state; the amount of
compensation paid for death or such injury of
any employe and making recommendations for
the complete enforcement of this act; an itemized
statement of expenditures made out of the Coal
Mine Inspection Fund, and such other information
of public interest as may come under the provisions
of this act.
The Secretary of State is hereby authorized to
have printed not more than two thousand copies
of said annual report, except by the consent of tbe
Governor, and pay for the same out of the Coal
Mine Inspection Fund hereinafter provided.
DUTIES OF INSPECTORS AND OWNERS.
Section 38. It shall be the duty of the Chief
Inspector, or his Deputies, to enter into, and examine
thoroughly each and every coal mine in
the state at least once every 90 days, to see that
tbe provisions of this act are observed and strictly
carried out. The Chief Inspector, or his Deputies,
or both, may enter, inspect, and examine any
coal mine and the works and the machinery belonging
thereto at all times, by night or by day,
but not so as to impede unnecessarily the workings
of the mine, and the owner and tbe employes
may each designate a man who shall accompany
the Inspector during the state inspection of tbe
mine; and after each inspection the Inspector
shall make a report of the condition of the mine,
one copy of which shall be placed on file in the
office of the Chief Inspector, and three copies shall
be placed in the hands of the owner, one of them
showing the important recommendations shall be
posted in a conspicuous place under glass cover
outside the mine office where it can be read, and
where it shall remain until the next state inspection
report is issued, or until any recommendations
made in the report shall have been carried out
to the satisfaction of the Deputy or Chief Inspector.
POWER OF INSPECTORS TO CLOSE DANGEROUS MINES.
Section 39. When any owner so operates a coal
mine or any part thereof that, through the violation
of any of the provisions of this act, in the
opinion of the Deputy Inspector in whose district

48 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
the mine is situated, there is imminent danger to
the lives or health of the miners or employes, such
Deputy Inspector of Coal Mines shall at once notify
the person in charge of said mine in which
the dangerous condition exists, to immediately remove
it and in case of his refusal or failure to
comply with the Inspector's instructions without
necessary delay, the Deputy Inspector of Coal
Mines shall have full power to order the mine or
such dangerous portions thereof cleared of all persons
other than those he deems actually necessary
and competent to remove or care for the dangerous
conditions.
On closing any mine or any dangerous part of
a mine under this section, the Deputy Inspector
of Coal Mines shall at once notify the Chief Inspector
of Coal Mines by telephone or telegraph,
and on receipt of such notification the Chief Inspector
shall make a personal examination in company
with two Deputy Inspectors and if he shall
deem it necessary, said Chief Inspector shall have
authority to place a competent person at the mine,
who shall remain there until the dangerous condition
is removed, and the person so placed shall
have power to prevent any one from entering the
mine or such dangerous portion of a mine other
than those allowed by the Deputy Inspector. The
expense of such competent person shall be paid,
however, by the owner. It shall then be the privilege
of the owner to apply to the district court
for a writ of injunction to enjoin the Mine Inspector
from continuing to prevent the operation
of the mine; whereupon said court or judge shall
at once proceed to hear and determine the case
and if the cause appears to be sufficient, after hearing
the parties and their evidence as in like cases,
shall either sustain or overrule the action of the
Inspector.
BOARD OF EXAMINER.. TO MEET.
Section 40. The Board of Examiners mentioned
in Section 4 of this act. shall meet at places selected
by them, immediately after the taking effect
of this act, and every two years or oftener, if
necessary, tliereafter at places designated by the
Board, for the purpose of examining persons for
the following positions: company mine examiners.
mine foremen, assistant mine foremen and firebosses
and to issue certificates of competency for
same. The certificates of competency herein provided
shall be issued: First, to any person Oi persons
who shall satisfactorily pass such examination,
written or oral, as may be prescribed by the
Board and shall satisfy the Board that they have
been employed in underground positions in the
mines of Colorado for two years prior to such examination;
second, to any person or persons who
shall produce satisfactory evidence that they have
for a period of one year immediately preceding
April 1, 1913, continuously and capably performed
the duties of company mine examiner, mine foreman,
assistant mine foreman or fireboss in this
state. The Board of Examiners shall file, in the
Cnief Inspector's office, a list of names of successful
candidates. Shotfirers shall pass an examination
to be given by the Chief Inspector or Deputy
Inspector on occasions when either of these officials
shall be present at the mine where the applicant
for the position of shot filers is employed:
Provided, that when there is no certificated shot
firer at any mine employing shot firers the mine
foreman and fireboss may examine any applicant
as to his fitness to fill the position of shot firer
and, having been satisfied of such fitness, may employ
him in that capacity until the next visit of
the Chief or Deputy Inspector.
TIME ALLOWED FOR EXAMINATION OF MINE OFFICIALS.
Section 41. From and after January 1, 1914, no
more than 60 days shall be allowed every two
years for examinations. However, this shall not
include the time taken up in examining candidates
for Chief Inspector or Deputy Inspectors of
Coal Mines.
POWER OF EXAMINERS TO REVOKE CERTIFICATES.
Section 42. All certificates issued may be revoked
by the Board of Examiners for failure to
perform and carry out the duties required by this
act*.
CHIEF INSPECTOR SHALL -NOTIFY OWNER.
Section 43. Should the Chief Inspector have
reason to believe that any mine foreman is unfit
for his position he shall so notify the owner; if
the owner continues the man in his position, the
Chief Inspector shall then request the Examining
Board to revoke the certificate of such official.
COMPETENT MINE FOREMAN ONLY SHALL RE EMPLOYED.
Section 44. In order to secure efficient management
and proper ventilation of the mines, to promote
the health and safety of the persons employed
therein, and to protect and preserve the
property connected therewith, the owner shall employ
a competent and practical mine foreman for
every mine where ten or more persons are employed
underpround; provided, however, that if
the owner can produce satisfactory evidence that
he is competent to fill the position of Mine Foreman
he need not employ such official. The mine
foreman shall have full charge of all the inside
workings and of all persons employed therein, in
order that all the provisions of this act so far as
they relate to his duties, shall be complied with,
ancl the regulations prescribed for each class of
workmen under his charge carried out in the strictest
manner possible. Any superintendent or other
person who interferes with tbe mine foreman in
the discharge of his duties as prescribed by this
act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

OWNER SHALL EMPLOY ASSISTANT FOREMAN WHEN
NECESSARY.
Section 45. When the mine workings become so
extensive that the mine foreman is unable personally
to carry out the requirements of this act
pertaining to his duties, the owner shall employ
a sufficient number of competent persons to act as
his assistants, who shall act under the mine foreman's
instructions in carrying out the provisions
of this act.
TEMPORARY APPOINTMENT IN ABSENCE OF MINE
FOREMAN.
Section 46. In case of tlie necessary temporary
absence of the mine foreman, he may deputize any
certificated person, if one be available, who shall
for the time being perform all his duties. In
case of the death or resignation of a mine foreman
the owner shall appoint a certified man if a suitable
man be available, and if not he may temporarily
appoint any other competent man, but shall
immediately notify the Chief Inspector who shall
assist him in securing a suitable man who has a
certificate. If no suitable man can be found the
temporary man may serve with the approval of
the Chief or Deputy Inspector of the district until
the next examination.
DUTIES OF MINE FOREMEN.
Section 47. The mine foreman shall devote the
whole of his time to his duties in the mine when
the mine is in operation, and shall keep a careful
watch over the ventilation, airways, travelingways,
haulageways. timbering and drainage, ancl shall
see that all stoppings are properly built as herein
provided.
DUTIES OF MINE FOREMEN.
Section 48. The mine foreman shall see that
proper cut-throughs are made in the pillars of al!
rooms and all entries, and that they are closed
when necessary so that the ventilating current can
be conducted in sufficient quantity through the last
cut-through to the face of each room and entry
by means of stoppings He shall not permit any
room or entry to be turned in advance of the ventilating
current or in advance of the last cutthrough
in the entry, excepting room-necks, which
may be driven a distance of ten feet, with the
consent of the Inspector, by entrymen driving entries.
Whenever any working place or places aredriven
to destination, or to tbe boundary line, or
are otherwise stopped, all such places shall be
connected at the face by cut-throughs.
WEEKLY AIR MEASUREMENTS.
Section 49. The mine foreman or his assistant
shall, at least once every week, measure the air
current at or near the main intake and outlet airway,
and also in the last cut-through in the last
loom and in the entry beyond tbe last room turned
in each entry, and make a record of said measure­
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 49
ments as provided for herein. When practicable
measurements shall be taken on days when the
men are at work, and for making such measurements
an anemometer shall be provided and kept
in good condition by the owner of the mine.
-MINE FOREMEN SHALL ORDER MEN TO WITHDRAW.
Section 50. In case of accident to a ventilating
fan or its machinery, whereby the ventilation of
the mine would be seriously interrupted, the mine
foreman shall order the men to withdraw immediately
lrom the mine, ancl he shall not allow them
to return to their work until the ventilation has
been restored, and the mine thoroughly examined
by him or by an assistant mine foreman or fireboss,
and reported safe.
MINE FOREMEN SHALL NOTIFY SUPERINTENDENT
AND INSPECTORS.
Section 51. The mine foreman shall notify the
superintendent and Deputy Inspectors in writing,
whenever in his opinion the mine is becoming
dangerous through lack of ample ventilation at
the face of the entries, rooms or other portions
of the mine, whether such lack of ventilation is
caused by undue length of entries and airways,
or from any other cause which may result in conditions
dangerous to the life or health of the employes
in any part of tbe mine. Ancl if the Inspector
finds said mine or any portion thereof is
becoming dangerous, he shall direct the owner to
proceed to have it put in safe condition, by increasing
air volume by the enlargement of the
airways or the construction of stoppings or overcasts
or undercuts, and, if necessary, he shall
cause an additional opening of ample dimensions
to be sunk from the surface to* the interior, which
opening can be used as an outlet or inlet for
the air, and also as an escape-way for employes in
case of necessity.
PERMANENT STATION 111 FIRE BOSS UNDERGROUND.
Section 52. In all mines generating explosive
gas in quantities sufficient to be detected by an
approved safety lamp, the mine foreman shall see
that, when the permanent station of the fireboss
is located inside of the mine, all abandoned, finished
or unfinished workings, in the intervening
distance between the permanent starion and tbe
entrance to the mine, are completely shut off from
the main intake or man-way headings of the mine,
by stoppings of concrete or some other incombustible
material of sufficient thickness laid in mortar
to keep the explosive or noxious gases from
coming in contact with the intake air or with the
persons employed therein; provided, that in mines
where it is not practicable to use concrete or masonry
stoppings, other suitable methods, to be
approved by the Chief Inspector in writing, may lie
employed, which will accomplish the purpose intended.

50 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WORKING PLACES TO BE PROPERLY TIMBERED.
Section 53. The mine foreman shall direct and
see when making his daily visits, that every working
place is properly secured by props or timbers,
and shall not knowingly permit any employe to
work in an unsafe place, unless it be for the purpose
of making it safe. He shall also see that
the workmen are provided with sufficient props,
cap-pieces and timbers of suitable sizes and all
other necessary materials, which shall be delivered
as near the working face as practicable in pit cars.
He shall also see that props are cut as nearly
square as practicable at both ends, and as near
as practicable to the proper length required or
designated for the places where they are to be
used.
ORDERING OF NECESSARY .MATERIAL.
Section 54. Every workman in need of props,
cap-pieces, timbers, rails or other material necessary,
shall notify the mine foreman or the assistant
mine foreman (or any other person delegated
by the mine foreman) of the fact, at least one day
in advance, giving the number, size and length of
props, cap-pieces and timbers required. In case
of emergency, the timber may be ordered immediately
upon the discovery of danger. If for any
reason the necessary timbers cannot be supplied
when required, the mine foreman or assistant mine
foreman shall instruct the workmen to vacate the
place until the timber needed is supplied; but in
no case shall the workman return to work in his
place until the necessary timber has been supplied.
The place and manner of leaving the orders for
props, cap-pieces, timbers and other material shall
be designated and specified in the rules of the
mine.
SHELTER HOLES.
Section 55. The mine foreman shall see that
on all mechanical hauling roads where man-ways
are not provided, holes for shelter shall be cut
into the strata, not less than four feet high, four
feet deep, four feet wide and level with the road,
at least every 50 feet, and kept witewashed and
clear of obstructions; except in the entries from
which rooms are driven at regular intervals not
exceeding 50 feet; provided, that the entrance to
each room be kept clear of obstructions for a distance
of five feet. And he shall see that on all
animal hauling roads where manways are not provided,
and where there is not a clear space of at
least three feet between the rail and side of the
entry, on the same side, there shall be shelter
holes provided as above, except that on room entries,
the necks of such rooms shall be sufficient
if they occur at intervals of not more than 75 feet
and are kept clear of obstructions for a distance
of five feet. All shelter holes shall be made on
the same side of the entry when practicable to do
so.
CONDITION AND SIZE OF ENTRIES.
Section 56. All entries driven after the passage
of this act shall be kept clear of obstructions, and
shall have a clear space of two and one-half feet
from the side of the car to the rib which shall be
made and continued throughout on one side of
the entry, if practicable in tbe judgment of the
Inspector of Coal Mines and the condition of the
root wil! permit.
TRAVELING ON SLOPES PROHIBITED.
Section 57. No person, except officials or repairmen,
shall be permitted to travel on slopes, gravity
or incline planes, while cars thereon are in
motion.
DANGER SIGNALS ACROSS -MINE ENTRANCES.
Section 58 When operations are temporarily
suspended in a mine, and the mine is not being
regularly examined by the fireboss, the owner shall
see that danger signals are placed across the mine
entrances, which signals shall be a warning for
persons not to enter the mine. If the circulation
of air through the mine be stopped, each entrance
to said mine shall be closed off in such
manner as will ordinarily prevent persons from
entering said mine, and a clanger signal shall be
displayed upon each entrance until such time as
the ventilation is restored. The mine foreman
shall see that all danger signals used in the mine
are in good condition.
MINE FOREMEN SHALL NOTIFY SUPERINTENDENT AND
INSPECTORS.
Section 59. In any mine where it has been
found impossible to remove explosive gas in any
part of the mine, it shall be the duty of the mine
foreman to make known this fact at once, in writing,
to the superintendent and inspector, requesting
the inspector to make prompt personal investigation.
If tlie mine foreman and mine inspector
are unable to devise means to have said explosive
gas removed and if in the judgment of the Mine
Inspector the gas cannot be successfully isolated
from the working sections of the mine, or by any
otlier means rendered harmless within a reasonable
time, the inspector may direct that a bore
hole or holes, not less than six inches in diameter,
be drilled from the surface in order to give the
gas an opening to escape to the surface.
REMOVAL OF EXPLOSIVE CAS AND FENCING OFF DAN­
GEROUS PLACES.
Section 60. The mine foreman shall see that
every mine generating explosive gas is kept free
of standing gas in all working places and roadways.
Any accumulation of explosive gas or
noxious gases in the worked-out or abandoned portions
of any mine shall be removed as soon as

possible after its discovery, if it is possible to
remove it. No person who may be endangered by
the presence of said explosive gas or noxious
gases shall be allowed in that portion of the mine,
except such persons as are necessary to remove
the dangerous condtions, until said gases have
been removed. The mine foreman shall direct and
see that all dangerous places and the entrance
or entrances to such places in all mines are properly
fenced off across the openings, so that no person
can enter and that danger signals are posted
upon said fencing to warn persons of the existing
danger. All danger signals shall be uniform and
approved by the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines;
provided, that in cases of emergency any signal
which can be readily understood may be used
temporarily.
ASSISTANT MINE FOREMAN.
Section 61. At the end of each shift, each assistant
mine foreman shall make and sign a report
in a book provided for that purpose, giving
the general condition as to safety of the working
places visited by him, and shall make note of any
unusual occurrence observed by him during the
day. The mine foreman shall carefully read the
daily report of each assistant mine foreman, and
shall sign the reports with ink not later than the
day following.
HOURS OF BLASTING.
Section 62. The mine foreman shall direct at
what hours blasting shall be done in the mine,
and a notice of the time shall be posted in a conspicuous
place at the mine and a copy of the notice
shall be kept on file at the mine office.
REMOVAL OF ALL DANGERS REPORTED.
Section 63. The mine foreman shall give
prompt attention to the removal of all dangers reported
to him by his assistants, the fireboss, or
any other person working in the mine, and in case
it is impracticable to remove the danger at once.
he shall notify every person whose safety is menaced
thereby to remain away from the portion
where the dangerous condition exists. He or !-. s
assistant shall at least once each week travel and
examine all the air courses, roads and openings
that give access to old workings or falls, and make
n record of the condition of all places where danger
has been found with ink in the book provided
for that purpose.
DAILY VISIT TO ALL WORKING PLACES.
Section 64. In all mines, the owner shall employ
a sufficient number of assistants to insure a
visit to each working place, either by himself or
by his assistants, once each day while the cm
ployes are at work, and in addition thereto shall
give special care and attention to the men drawing
pillars, particularly when falls are thereby
being made.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 51
WORKING PLACES TO RE KEPT FREE FROM WATER.
Section 65. The mine foreman shall see that the
working places are kept as free from water as
practicable during working hours.
PRECAUTIONS WHEN APPROACHING ABANDONED
WORKINGS.
Section 66. In any working place that is beingdriven
within supposedly dangerous proximity to
an abandoned mine, suspected of containing explosive
gas or fire, or that may contain a dangerous
accumulation of water, the mine foreman
shall see that at least two bore holes shall be
maintained not less than 12 feet in advance of
the face, and on each side ot such working place
bore holes of the same length shah be drilled diagonally,
not more than eight feet apart, and any
place driven to tap water or gas shall not be more
than eight feet wide. No water or gas from an
abandoned mine or an abandoned poition of a
mine and no bore holes from the surface shall be
tapped until the employes, except those engaged
at such work, are out of the mine, and such work
shall be done under the immediate instruction and
direction of the mine foreman; in all such cases
locked safety lamps shall be used.
RECORDS TO BE KEPT BY .MINE FOREMEN.
Section 67. The mine foreman shall each day
enter plainly and sign with ink, in a book provided
for that purpose, a report of the condition
of the mine, which report shall clearly state any
danger that may have come under his observation
during the day. and state what steps have been
taken to remove such danger or any other dangers
which may have been reported to him by the
assistant mine foreman or fire boss. The report
shall also state whether or not there is a proper
supply of material on hand for the safe working
of the mine, and whether or not the requirements
of the law are complied with.
He shall also once each week enter plainly with
ink, in said book, a true report of all air measurements
required by this act, designating the place,
the area of each cut-through and entry separately,
the velocity of the air in each cut-through and
entry, and tbe number of men employed in each
separate split of air, with the date when measurements
are taken. Said book shall at all times
be kept at the mine office at the mine, for examination
by the inspector, and by any person working
in the mine, in the presence of the mine foreman.
COUNTERSIGNING FIRE BOSSES' REPORT.
Section 68. The mine foreman shall also, each
day, read carefully, and countersign with ink,
all reports entered in the record book of the fire
bosses.
OWNER TO SUPPLY SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF FIRE BOSSES.
Section 69. The owner shall employ a sufficient

52 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
number of firebosses in order that each mine can
be examined in accordance with the provisions of
this act. Tlie mine foreman or the assistant
mine foreman shall see whether or not the fireboss
has marked the date in working places examined
or reported examined by him on his morning
examination.
SAFETY BLOCKS OR OTHER DEVICES.
Section 70. The mine foreman sliall see that
safety blocks or some other suitable device is
installed and maintained in good working condition
to prevent cars from falling into shafts, or
running away on all slopes or inclines where
grades are sufficient to allow cars to run, and
employes shall use such devices in all rooms or
entries where such employe has charge of any car.
SAFETY LAMPS AND HANDLING OF TOOLS.
Section 71. It shall be the duty of the mine
foreman to see that locked safety lamps are used
when and where lequired by this act. Transportation
ot tools in and out of the mine shall be
under the direction of tbe mine foreman or some
person designated by him but in no case shall
tools be allowed on a cage or in cars in which
employes aie riding.
It shall be the duty of the mine foreman to report
immediately all violations of this act to the
inspector.
DUTIES OF ASSISTANT .MINE FOREMEN.
Section 72. When assistant mine jforen.en
are employed, their duty shall be to assist the
mine foreman in complying with the provisions of
this act, and, in the absence of the mine foreman,
they shall perform the duties of the miniforeman,
and shall be liable to the same penalties
as the mine foreman for any violation of this act
in tbe absence of the mine foreman.
DUTIES OF FIREBOSS.
Section 73. It shall be the duty of the fireboss
to examine carefully, before each day shift
enters tbe mine or passes the fireboss station,
every working place without exception, and any
adjoining places where he has reason to believe
gas to exist, and in mines generating explosive
gas an examination shall be made of all places
where night shift men are at work before such
night shift men enter the mine; but before proceeding
with on examination the firebosses shall
see that the air current is normal and traveling
in its proper course. All abandoned working
places shall be examined once each week, or oftener
if deemed necessary.
In making tlie examination he shall use no light
other than that enclosed in an approved safety
lamp when testing for gas. The examination in
mines in which gas can be detected by an approved
safety lamp shall begin within three hours.
and in nongaseous mines within five hours prior
to the appointed time for each shift to enter the
mine: provided, that tiie fireboss shall have the
time herein specified to examine the mine exclusive
of the time necessary to examine safety lamps.
The fireboss shall examine for all danger in all
portions of the mine under his charge, and after
each examination he shall mark with chalk on
each face and one side of every place examined,
the date of the examination, as evidence that he
has performed his duty, he shall also examine the
entrance or entrances to all woiked-out and abandoned
portions adjacent to the roadways and working
places under his charge, where explosive gas is
likely to accumulate and he shall place a dangei
signal across the entrance to every working place
and every other place where explosive gas is discovered,
or where immediate danger is found to
exist from any other cause, and said signal shall
be a warning for persons not to enter.
DANGER SIGNALS.
Section 74. The meaning of all danger signals
shall be explained to the non-English speaking employes
of the mine, in their several languages by
the mine foreman, assistant mine foreman, or
fireboss, through an interpreter.
FIREBOSSES' RECORD.
Section 75. A suitable record book shail be
kept at the mine office, on the surface, of every
mine, and immediately after the examination of
such mine or any portion thereof by a fireboss,
whose duty it is to make such examination, he
shall enter in said book with ink, a record of such
examination, and sign same. This record shall
show the time taken in making the examination.
and also clearly state the nature and location of
any danger that may have been discovered in any
room or entry or other place in the mine, and if
any danger or dangers have been discovered, the
firebosses shall immediately report the location
thereof to the mine foreman. No person shall enter
the mine until the firebosses return to the
mine entrance on the surface, or to a permanent
station located in the intake entry of the mine.
(where a record book as provided for in this section
shall be kept and signed by the person making
the examination), and report to the mine foreman
or the assistant mine foreman, by telephone
or otherwise, that the mine is in safe condition
for the men to enter. When a station is located
in any mine it shall be the duty of the firebosses
to sign also the report entered in the mine office
on the surface. The record books of the firebosses
shall at all times be accessible to the inspector
and during working hours to the employes
of the mine in the presence of a recognized mine
official.

SECOND EXAMINATION BY MINE FOREMAN OR FIREBOSS.
Section 76. A second examination by the mine
foreman, assistant mine foreman or fireboss shall
be made during working hours of every working
place where men are employed.
UNDERGROUND PERMANENT STATION OF FIREBOSS.
Section 77. In every mine generating explosive
gas in quantities sufficient to be detected by
an approved safety lamp, when the working portions
are one mile or more from the entrance to
the mine, or from the bottom of the shaft or slope,
a permanent station of suitable dimensions may
be erected by the mine foreman (provided the location
is approved in writing by the inspector i,
for use of the firebosses, and in said station a
fire-proof vault of ample strength shall be erected
of brick, stone or concrete, in which the temporary
record book of the firebosses, as herein described,
shall be kept. It shall not lie lawful
for any person, except the mine foreman, and in
case of necessity such other person as may be
designated by him, to pass beyond said permanent
station and danger signal until the mine has been
examined by the fireboss, as herein provided, and
the mine or certain portions thereof reported by
him to be safe. The fireboss shall not allow any
other person or persons to enter or remain in any
portion of the mine through whieli a dangerous
accumulation of gas is being passed in tbe ventilating
current from any other part of the mine.
He shall report at once any violation of this section
to the mine foreman.
PASSING OF DANCER SIGNALS.
Section 78. Any employe or other person, except
those herein provided for, who passes by any
danger signal to or in tbe mine or removes such
danger signal before the mine has been examined
and reported safe at the entrance to the workingplace,
or any other place in the mine, or removes
such danger signal without permission from the
mine foreman, the assistant mine foreman, or fireboss,
shall be suspended, and it shall be the duty
of the mine foreman having knowledge of said
violation (whether obtained personally or otherwise)
to immediately enter proceedings against
the offender or notify the inspector at once, in
writing, and the inspector shall forthwith enter
proceedings against such person or persons. Any
mine foreman who fails to notify the inspector
forthwith of any violation of the provisions of
this act that has been reported to him or has come
under his personal observation shall be prose­
cuted.
SUSPENSION OF FIREBOSS.
Section 79. Any fireboss who neglects to comply
fully with the provisions of this act relating
to his duties, or who shall make a false report of
the condition of any place in the portion of the
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
mine allotted to him for examination, shall be suspended
and prosecuted by the mine foreman, and
his name shall be given to the inspector for investigation.
If he is found guilty, after a bearing
before the chief inspector, he shall return his
certificate of qualification as fireboss to the office
of the chief inspector of coal mines; provided, however,
that he may again be an appliacnt for a certificate
as fireboss at any regular examination.
after the expiration of six months; but if he is
found guilty of a second offense he shall return
his certificate to the office of the chief inspector.
of coal mines, and cannot be an applicant for reexamination.
MINI: FOREMEN MAY ASSIST AS FIREISOSS.
Section 80. Nothing in this act shall prevent
a mine foreman or an assistant mine foreman from
acting as fireboss, or a regularly employed fireboss
in an emergency as assistant mine foreman.
LIGHTS AT LANDING.
Section 81. Sufficient light shall be kept at the
bottom of the shaft and at all intermediaie landings
where men get on and off the cage to show
the landing and to serve as a warning.
ii HI; CROOK BUILDINGS.
Section 82. All buildings and structures hereafter
erected within 30o feet of any mine opening
shall be made of fireproof material and no inflammable
material, except one day's supply of mine
props, shall be hereafter placed within loo feet
of the main opening or the escapement opening
or fan building (unless said building is constructed
of fireproof material) of any mine, except
with written permission of the chief inspector
of coal mines. All shafts shall be provided with
appropriate safety gates at the top and at every
landing other than the bottom of the shaft.
EMERGENCY WINDLASS.
Section 83. In addition to the regular hoisting
machinery every shaft used for lowering or hoisting
men shall be provided with a complete eme'-gency
windlass, or other hoisting device of aiiproved
design and ample strength for Hoisting men from
the mine.
FLANGES ON DRUMS.
Section 84. The owner shall see that flanges
or horns are attached to the sides of the drum
of every machine that is used for lowering or
hoisting* persons into or out of the mine, which
shall project four inches beyond the top of the
rope when it is all wound on the drum; provided,
that where the construction of the hoist will not
permit of this height of flange, they shall be made
as high as the construction of the hoist will permit,
and he shall see that the hoist is provided
with adequate brakes and suitable depth indicators.
The rope shall be of such length as to

54 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
allow three full laps to remain on the drum when
the cage is at the bottom of the shaft.
CONSTRUCTION OF CAGES.
Section 85. All cages shall be of such construction
that in case of emergency they may be used
for lowering or hoisting men, they shall be equipped
with approved safety catches, and those having
unstable or self-dumping platforms shall be
provided with proper locking devices for fixing
the platforms, and such locking devices shall be
used where the cage is used to lower or hoist men.
CONSTRUCTION OF CAGES USED FOR HOISTING MEN.
Section 86. All cages regularly used for lowering
or hoisting men sliall be provided with strong
hoods and overhead coverings, and shall have a
suitable protecting lining to a height of three
feet above the floor on the two sides next to the
respective guides, and shall be provided with handholds
for at least 10 persons. The main link attached
to the swivel of the wire rope shall be made
of the best quality of iron, and shall be tested by
weights satisfactory to the chief inspector or the
deputy inspector of coal mines; and tbe bridle
chains shall be attached to tbe main link from the
cross pieces of the cage and no single link chain
shall be used for lowering or hoisting persons into
or out of any mine.
SELF DUMPING CAGES.
Section 87. When self-dumping cages are used,
they shall be so constructed as to prevent coal
falling into the shaft.
All hoisting apparatus shall be equipped with a
safety device to prevent over winding.
SPEED OF CAGES.
Section 88. In lowering or hoisting men, the
speed of the cage or trip shall not exceed 600 feet
per minute. No person shall be lowered or hoisted
in or on any cage or trip or other hoisting apparatus
carrying powder or other explosives, tools.
timbers, a loaded mine car or other load. The
chief inspector or the deputy inspector of coal
mines shall determine the number of men that
may be lowered or hoisted at any one time and
a notice of the number shall be posted by him in
a conspicuous place at the top and bottom of the
shaft and at all other landings. In no case shall
the total weight of the men estimated at 160
pounds each exceed one-filth of the safe working
load capacity of the brakes, ropes, links and othc r
connect ions bearing the cage.
RK.srsrn .vri \c APPARATUS.
Section 89. Every mine employing as many as
25 men underground shall be equipped with apparatus
as follows: One resuscitating apparatus,
a suitable supply of auxiliary apparatus, and "first
aid to the injured" outfit, including stretchers with
a woolen and water-proof blanket for each
stretcher, and a suitable supply of olive or linseed
oil.
RESCUE CREW.
Section 90. The owner of every mine employing
as many as 100 men underground shall endeavor
to have trained for rescue w-ork as many
as three crews of four men each, and the owner
of every- mine employing fewer than 100 men undeiground
shall endeavor to have two* such trained
crews.
.MANWAYS TO BE PROVIDED.
Section 91. In each and every coal mine, or
part thereof, opened after the passage of this act,
traveling-ways or man-ways must be provided and
maintained so that the employes need not travel
the main haulage-way going to or coming from
their work, such traveling-ways or man-ways shall
be maintained in good condition and free from noxious
gases, ponded water and all other obstructions
to the free and safe passage of men. Each
and every coal mine opened after the passage of
this act, and every separate coal seam worked in
the same mine, whether such coal mine or seam
is worked by shaft, slope, or drift, shall have at
least two properly equipped and properly maintained
openings available for exit for all persons
working in such mines, one of these openings maybe
the main delivery shaft or opening, the second
opening or escapement may be a shaft or a slope
or a drift, or underground passageway to an available
outlet of a contiguous operating mine, and
such outlet of a contiguous mine, and the approaches
to such outlet, shall be maintained in
good condition. In all mines hereafter opened.
the escapement opening shall be separated from
the main opening by not less than 300 feet of natural
strata, except by written consent of the chief
inspector of coal mines; provided, that in mines
operating in pitching or vertical seams, manways
need not be provided if shelter holes are constructed
in accordance with the provisions of section
55 hereof.
(TO BE CONTINUED IN ISSUE OF JUNE 1)
| KO-KOALS' DOINGS |
The Philadelphia Breaker, Order Kokoal, will
have its spring outing at Schuetzen Park, Tabor,
May 19. The day will be spent in all sorts of field
sports, to be followed by a shad dinner at 6:30
in the evening. The affair is in charge of Joseph
H. Palmer, W. E. Grace and Charles K. Scull.
Plans are under way to form a new breaker of
Kokoal at Newark, N. J., to afford the former members
of the extinct Coal Exchange some means of
social intercourse.

COLORADO SITUATION UNDER FEDERAL CONTROL.
(Continued from Page 24)
"On Nov. 27 the governor suggested in writing
to those present at the conference a solution covering
all points except recognition of the union.
His letter to us, dated Nov. 27, was:
" 'Gentlemen:
" 'Have listened to your conference throughout
yesterday and believing from representations made
that there is no substantial difference between
you sufficient to warrant a continuance of the present
difficulties, I desire to make a suggestion for
the termination of the present industrial dispute.
The only apparently insurmountable obstacle to a
settlement was the recognition of the union. Almost
every other material difference between you
hinged about that question, or is covered by existing
law,
" 'There is no law; compelling the operators to
recognize tlie union nor to permit, the employes
to exact that recognition. The statute does provide,
bow-ever, for the right to join a union if the
miners so wish without coercion or interference.
It reads as follows, and I suggest to you that its
provisions be made the basis of a conclusion on
that point:
" 'It shall be unlawful for any individual, comiiany
or corporation, or any member of any firm,
or agent, officer or employes of any company or
corporation to prevent employes from forming,
joining or belonging to any lawful organization.
union, society or political party or to coerce or
attempt to coerce employes by discharging or
threatening to discharge them from their employ,
or the employe of any firm, company or corporation,
because of their connection with such lawful
labor organization union, society or political
party.—Section 25, Rev. Statutes of Colorado, 190S.
" 'Bearing in mincl the discussion on other points
involved. 1 suggest the following as a satisfactory
solution:
" 'The employment of a check weighman, as provided
by law, giving the miners themselves the
EIGHT TO EMPLOY
their own check weighman; carrying out in good
faith the statute making it unlawful to use or
employ, directly or indirectly, the so-called "truck"
or "script" system in payment of men; the enforcement
of the law- for an eight-hour day in all
underground mines and coke ovens, as piovided in
chapter 95 of the session laws of 1913; that all
employes shall have the right to buy where they
will without interference or coercion of any kind
whatsoever; that all employes shall have a semimonthly
pay day according to the custom now prevailing
in coal mines over most of the states; that
all employes shall have the right to board where
they please; the enforcement of all the provisions
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 55
of the coal mine inspection law of 1913, providing
for the safety of the mines and the protection of
the life and the health of tbe employes. That all
employes now on strike shall be given employment,
except where their places have been filled,
or where they have been guilty of violence or other
unlawful acts; and that where places have been
filled, otlier work will be furnished as soon as practicable.
" 'Respectfully submitted,
"'ELIAS M. AMMONS, Governor.'
" 'Denver, Nov. 27, 1913.'
"The operators accepted the suggestion of tlie
governor and invited their employes to return to
work upon the conditions named. Their letter
of acceptance follows:
"'Hon. E. M. Amnions-
" 'We are just on receipt of your letter of this
date and hereby accept your suggestion for a termination
of the strike of our former employes.
We invite them to
RETURN III WORK
on the terms mentioned by you and assure you
and our former employes that we will conform in
good faith to all the suggestions contained in your
letter. Sincerely,
" 'J. F. WELBORN,
" 'D. W. Rowx.
" 'J. D. OSGOOD.
" 'Denver, Nov. 27, 1913.'
"The strikers refused to accept the terms of
settlement proposed by the governor and approved
by the operators and all the disorder and bloodshed
in this state, since Nov. 27, has been due to
this attitude of the officers and members of the
I'nited Mine Workers of America. We still consider
the plan of the governor legally and industrially
sound and have never retracted our former
approval thereof.
"Denver, May 1, 1914."
This reply also was signed by the 19 coal operating
companies.
Congressman Foster again telegraphed to the
operators:
J. F. Welborn:
Supplementary telegram received. I have always
understood that the reasons the miners refused
to accept the suggestions of settlement of
strike offered by the governor was because they
did not provide a means whereby the miners could
present their grievances.
William Green, secretary-treasurer of the United
Mine Workers of America, in signed and published
statement, says that the question of unionizing
the mines is not the issue. Why cannot
all other questions be now submitted to arbitration
regardless of failure to adjust differences in
the past? M. D. FOSTER.

56 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Washington, May 2, 1914.
In the meantime the President held a conference
with Secretary of War Garrison, and the latter
on May 2 sent the following proclamation to be
posted throughout the strike district:
"Whereas, under existing circumstances, the
possession of arms and ammunition by persons not
in the military service of the United States tends
to provoke disorder and to incide domestic violence
and hinders the restoration of normal
CONDITIONS OF PEACE
and good order, I do, by the authority of the
President of the United States, call upon and direct
all persons not in the military service of the
United States who have arms or ammunition in
their possession or under their control to deliver
them forthwith to the officer at the place herein
designated. Receipts will be issued for all arms
and ammunition so delivered. The above applies
to individuals, firms, associations and corpora
tions."
This proclamation will be signed by the officers
in command at various points in the strike district,
who will designate points for receipt of
arms. The local commanders will be in charge
of disarming the populace.
At the same time the entire Eleventh cavalry
from Ft. Oglethorpe. Ga., and two troops of the
Twelfth from Ft. Robinson, Neb., were added to
the United States troops in the field.
May 2 a coroner's jury at Trinidad, investigating
the destruction of the Ludlow tent colony,
brought in a verdict that Mrs. Petra Valdez, Mrs.
Cedelma Costa and 11 children "died through fire
or asphyxiation or from both, from a fire set by
militiamen under Maj. P. J. Hamrock, and Lieut.
K. E. Linderfelt. or mine guards, or both."
May 3 the federal troops began the disarmament
of all persons and among the first to voluntarily
surrender their arms were mine guards of the
different companies. The commander) of the
troops placed an embargo on shipment, of arms
into the state and ordered all saloons in tbe district
closed.
May 4 the Colorado legislature met in special
session to consider the strike situation and to
provide funds for payment of expenses incurred.
Gov. Ammons appeared before the house and
made a
NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS
among them being one creating a state constabulary.
May 5 the question of disarmament of the strikers
was discussed by union leaders and Col.
Lockett, in command of the United States troops
and the former agreed to urge the men to surrender
their arms.
May 7 all tbe arms of the mine guards were
placed in the hands of the regulars and the Colorado
legislature took up the consideration of the
bills that will pay for the strike and endeavor to
prevent other like occurrences.
On the same date President Welborn, of the
Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., in an interview gave the
operators' side of the whole controversy.
"To begin at the inception of the troubles," Mr.
Welborn said, "we will travel back to the beginning
of last August, when Mr. Hayes, vice president
of the United Mine Workers of America,
came to Colorado. He found conditions satisfactory
to both miners and operators in the coal fields
of southern Colorado.
"In the northern Colorado fields a strike had
been in progress for about three and a half years.
Notwithstanding this, the mines there were producing
practically a full tonnage, though under
heavy guard to protect men and property from frequent
attacks made by the strikers whose places
had been filled.
"Most of the mines in the southern Colorado
fields work about 300 days per year, with an
average daily earning for miners of approximately
$4. Those who work full time earn an average
of over $100 per month. The men are charged
50 cents per month for sharpening their tools and
$1 per month for physician's services for themselves
and families, which
INCLUDES ALL MEDICINES
required and hospital treatment, without additional
expense when needed. These amounts and the
cost of the powder purchased by the miners, representing
a total of from 8 cents to 20 cents per
day, or less than $4 a month on the average, are
the only arbitrary deductions from the men's earnings.
"Soon after his arrival in Colorado, Hayes told
Governor Ammons that his demands on the operators
would be:
"First—Recognition of his union and the contract
with it providing for the checkoff.
"Second—Semi-monthly pay.
"Third—Eight-hour work day.
"Fourth—Check-weighmen.
"Fifth—The right of the men to trade where
they pleased.
"All of the conditions except one with respect
to recognition of the union, were in effect, the
second, third and fourth being covered by law.
"When the governor told the operators what the
demands were to be they advised him that they
never would enter into a contract with the United
Mine Workers of America or recognize them in
any way, and that as to the other four conditions
named he himself might be the judge of whether
or not they were being observed. Aside from
their objections to having any relations whatever

with the United Mine Workers of America, knowing
it as well as they do, the operators had the
best of reasons for believing that less than 10
per cent, of their men belonged to that organization,
and they were unwilling to force the other
90 per cent, or more to join it, which, as is well
known, would have been necessary had a contract
with the organization named been entered into
by the mine owners.
"The workmen were well acquainted with the
fact that their earnings averaged 20 per cent.
higher than were being paid in the Kansas and
nearby coal fields, whose product is the principal
competitor of Colorado coals, and they, therefore,
were well satisfied and strongly desired that such
conditions should be allowed to continue. The
evidence of satisfaction on the
PART OF THE MEN
had come to the operators frequently during the
last few years through independent sources and
from mine superintendents, and had been strongly
expressed at the time of the last voluntary wage
advance made in April, 1912, by the employers as
well as at their later establishment of a semimonthly
pay day and an eight-hour work day in
advance of the state statutory requirement.
"Immediately after Hays and his associates began
agitating the question of a strike, expressions
of opposition to it or to being forced into the
union began to reach the offices of the operators
from the men, and continued to come in daily up
to the time the strike took effect. This opposition
was most marked in the small sub-district
known as the Canon field, where union tendencies
were stronger than in any other field. They expressed
the feeling, and in this they were right,
that a contract between operators and the union
which would force all mine employes to join that
organization meant an increase in their expenses
and a corresponding if not greater reduction in net
earnings.
"The strike was opposed by union sympathizers.
Hayes was told by Governor Ammons and ex-
Senator Patterson, both of whom have strong
union sympathies, that conditions in Colorado coal
mines were satisfactory to the workmen. He was
urged by them not to call a strike. This advice,
though coming from men who could be considered
friends of the union officers, was not heeded, and
they called what they chose to designate a convention
of miners and operators to be held at Triniclay
Sept. 15, 1913, for the express purpose of determining
by vote of delegates whether or not a
strike should be called.
"This so-called convention was composed of from
200 to 250 alleged delegates, more than half of
whom had been out on strike in northern Colorado
for three and a half years and were in no way
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 57
connected with coal mining operations. With
few exceptions the remainder of the delegates were
in the direct employ of the organization. Some
of these delegates sought and obtained a few days'
work at various mines immediately preceding the
date of the convention, then after leaving the employ
of the mines where they had worked temporarily
attended the convention as delegates from
those mines without any pretext of having been
elected delegates by the miners. No delegates
whatever were chosen by the men whose interests
Hayes and his associates
PROFESSED TO BE SERVING,
and in one case a delegate impersonated a miner
who worked for the Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. every
day that the convention was in session.
"Naturally the so-called convention voted unanimously
for a strike, the date of which was set
for Sept. 23. They added a demand for a 10 per
cent, advance in wages, which never had previously
been spoken of. It was evident that this
was an afterthought, as Lhe agitators and organizers
had, in their early discussions with the
governor and others in Colorado, stated that the
miners were receiving good wages.
"After the vote of the convention was made
known, and prior to tbe date the strike took
effect, the miners again indicated strong feelings
of resentment and opposition to the action taken
by the delegates, for the reason that they did not
represent the men affected, who had no voice in
the action. Two days before the strike date—
too late to justify the charge of coercion by the
operators—the men signed statements at many of
the mines to the effect that they were satisfied
with wages and conditions and did not want to
strike. At one mine 189 men, representing 99
per cent, of the number employed there, signed
this statement.
"Then began a reign of terror. Some of the
men who had in various ways expressed opposition
to the strike, responded to the call of the agitators
for the reason that immediately after the
strike was called numerous letters threatening
violence, and in many cases death, were sent to
the men who had manifested a disposition to remain
at work. Intimidation of this character
and acts of extreme violence have continued ever
since, causing a number of men who did not cease
work the day the strike took effect to leave their
employment later. At one property about 100
Austrians were employed. Most of these men
had assured the mine superintendent that they
would remain at work against all opposition, yet
the intimidation was of such a character as to
force practically all of them to leave their work
within a week.
"The reign of terror commenced Sept. 24, the

58 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
first day after the strike went into effect, when a
marshal at Segundo camp was ambushed and
killed in cold blood while arresting three men engaged
in an attempt to
DESTROY SOME COMPANY
property. Acts of violence have been of almost
daily occurrence since, with at times from 1.500
to 2,000 strikers in the field.
"People in no way connected with coal mining
operations or the strike have been subjected to
indignities, assaults, and in some cases death,
while traveling on the public highways. Mine
property and employes have been fired upon by
large armed forces with the determination to kill
those who remained at work. In no instance
have sheriffs, officers or operators' employes fired
upon the strikers until after they had been attacked
by the latter; and the strikers frequent!y
have gone several miles from their own camps to
attack mining property and workmen.
"Comparative quiet prevailed for a short time
after the state troops reached the strike district,
but on Saturday, Nov. S, a mine employe, while
in charge of a town marshal at Aguilar, was ambushed
and killed, and five employes of the Oakdale
coal mine, while riding along the public highway
in an automobile going to the mine from
Lavetta, were fired upon from a carefully prepared
ambush, and four of their number killed, the
other one being seriously injured. In neither of
these attacks did the men who were killed have
an opportunity to defend themselves, and their
deaths cannot be regarded as anything but premeditated
murder.
"Between November and the recent outbreaks of
violence initiated by the strikers." continued Mr.
Welborn, "the chief incident was a conference held
in Governor Amnions' office between three of the
operators and three representatives of their former
employes who were then on strike. At this
conference it. appeared that only one obstruction
to a settlement existed, and that was the insistence
of the strikers upon union recognition. The
day following this conference, Governor Ammons
formulated a solution. It covered all points but
recognition of the union.
"The suggestions of the governor were accepted
by tbe operators, but they were rejected by the
strikers, and it is to this attitude on the part of
the officers and members of the United Mine Workers
that all the bloodshed, insurrection and disorder
since that time is attributable.
"When the state troops were withdrawn April
16, peace prevailed in the strike district.
"Four days later the strikers in the Ludlow
tent colony, which is two miles distant from the
nearest coal mine, sent their
WOMEN AND CHILDREN
to places of safety and opened an attack upon the
detachment of militia that had been left behind.
During the fight several men were killed and the
tents were destroyed by fire.
"The day following the bodies of two women
and 11 children were found in a pit under a tent,
where they had been placed by the strikers before
the attack upon the soldiers began. All these
victims had been suffocated. None of the children
and women had been struck by a bullet, nor
did the soldiers know- or have any reason to suspect
the presence of non-combatants where they
had been hidden.
"At once, on April 23, Law-son, leader of the
strikers and international board member of the
United Mine Workers, said in an address that
henceforth a war of extermination would be conducted
by the strikers. Doyle, secretary of the
organization, wired instructions to officials of local
unions to watch for the return of the state troops
which had been ordered into the field again. The
meaning of such language is obvious.
"After that armed bands of strikers instituted
another awful reign of terror. The recent acts
of bloodshed and depredation performed by the
miners do not perhaps need summarizing, but they
were done with the tacit consent and the active
co-operation of officers ancl agents of the Mine
Workers of America, and under their personal control
and direction.
"The coal operators of Colorado now have in
their employ about 10,000 men who are satisfied
with the conditions of their employment. When
the strike was called, we promised these men protection
from violence. They have stood loyally
by their employers.
"With these men we always will treat upon matters
lelative to their welfare, but we cannot enter
into any negotiations of any character whatever
with officers and agents of the United Mine Workers
of America, who are responsible for this terrible
era of bloodshed and violence."
May 9 the regulars continued to gather in arms
from strikers and announcement was made that
"any member of the United Mine Workers who
REFUSES TO COMITY
with the order to sin render arms to United States
troops will be stricken from the union's relief list
and debarred from membership in the organization."
May 10 President Wilson through the War department
instructed Col. James Lockett, commanding
federal troops in Southern Colorado, to permit
no mines to open save where there were full
forces of old employes and announced that a time
limit would be set at once within which delivery
of arms must be completed.

Col. Lockett announced that the War department
had determined to permit the rehabitation
of the strikers' tent colony at Ludlow, provided
the federal military officers are given a roll of the
inhabitants, together with the addresses of their
former places of employment, and provided further
that a union man of strong influence is placed
in charge of the camp, with whom the military
officers might confer.
By the program, promulgated by tbe War department,
no mine in the state which was shut
down as the result of the walkout of niiners Sept.
23, 1913, will be permitted to operate for tlie
present. Those mines which were closed as a
result of the violence in the state between Sept.
23, 1913, and April 22, 1914, will be permitted lo
resume operations with all men who we r e bona
fide employes of the companies prior to April 22.
No more non-uninists will be allowed to enter the
district.
On the other hand it was staled by Col. Lockett,
a roll of the inhabitants of every strikers' colonywould
be made. With each striker's name will
be placed the name of the mine at which he was
working when the strike was called. These entries,
he said, will be checked with the payrolls
of the companies and if any resident of a strikers'
colony is found not to have been actually employed
by the company he claims to have left he
be expelled from the colony as a person who is
not living at his proper abode contrary to the proclamation
of President Wilson published under date
of April 22.
The same procedure will be followed out according
to Col. Lockett in respect to ail persons living
on the PROPERTY OF MINE COMPANIES,
and these objects of expulsion will be deported
by the military authorities.
May 12 a verdict was brought in by a coroner's
jury that the eleven men killed in the battle at
Forbes "came to their death from gunshot wounds
inflicted by weapons in the hands of striking coal
niiners."
The same date Col. Lockett announced that a
forcible disarmament of everybody would start
May 13, and entering and searching would be carried
out if necessary.
The legislature further considered the bill authorizing
a $1,000,000 bond issue to provide for the
expenses of the strike.
The court martial of Maj. Hamrock, charged
with the Ludlow deaths, was begun on tbe same
day.
Mr. Joseph Northover, well known in Cambria
and Indiana counties, Pa„ has been made a foreman
of Berwind-White Coal Co.'s Eureka mine,
No. 39, at Seanor, Pa.
TH£ COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 59
MR. WILLIAM G. BRESLER PRESIDENT
OF CENTRAL RAILWAY OF NEW JERSEY.
The board of directors of the Central Railroad
of New Jersey met May 1. and elected Vice President
and General Manager William G. Bresler
president of the corporation,
succeeding
the late Mr. George F.
Baer, and at tho same
time continued him in
the position of general
manager of the
company's properties.
Mr. Bresler's first
railroad experience
was with the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy
railroad, in 1880, in
the position of trainmaster's
clerk. He
left the service of the
company in 1SS1, ancl
took a course in the
Massachusetts Institute
of Technology,
graduating in 1888,
when he returned to
Mr. William G. Bresler
the Burlington road and served with it until 1899
as yard master, chief train dispatcher, train master
and division superintendent.
In 1899 he entered the service of tbe Philadelphia
& Reading railroad as division superintendent
on its main line, and in 1900 was made general
superintendent of the road. Two years later
he was transferred to the Central Railroad of New-
Jersey as general manager, and in 1903 was chosen
vice president and general manager, which position
he held until the opening of the present month,
when he was elevated to the executive control of
the company.
Mr. Abraham Vedder Hartwell, a prominent
figure in coal and railroad circles of Chicago, is
dead. A breakdown followed a fall five weeks
ago and death came at the family residence, 4953
Lake Park avenue, May 5. Mr. Hartwell was
aged 86. He was connected with the Chicago &
Alton railroad for 37 years, resigning in 1900 to
become president of the F. G. Hartwell Co. He
was born in Denmark, N. Y., in 1828. He received
his education at the Gouverneur Technical
school, Gouverneur, N. Y., and shortly afterwards
married Margaret A. Bates of Utica. N. Y. He
supervised the construction of a section of the
Erie canal, and moved west in 1858. Fred G.
Hartwell and Morris Hartwell are sons living in
Chicago, and Mrs. Alfred B. Emery of Cleveland,
Ohio, is a daughter.

60 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
SELF-CONTAINED PORTABLE ELECTRIC
MINE LAMPS.
(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 46)
The incandescent lamp renewal already has been
expressed in figures, in connection with the reliability
of service. Excellent results have been
obtained, the average life of the lamps being approximately
1,000 hours.
From the lamp designs and the lamp service as
described above, it can be seen that the development
of the portable electric mine lamp has made
rapid progress during the last few years, and since,
up to this writing, no explosions have occurred
wherever installations have been made, it can be
said without exaggeration that the electric mine
lamp is a success and that it is bound to be
adopted more and more.
Of course, as is the case with any new appliance,
objections have been raised against the electric
mine lamp, especially, because it does not detect
inflammable gases as the Davy safety lamp
does. There is no doubt that this detail will be
overcome in the near future, as there are several
principles v.hich can be used for the construction
of mine gas detectors. In fact, the German government
only lately has ordered several hundred
of these devices, constructed in accordance with
the directions of Dr. F. Haber on the acoustic principle
and know as "mine gas whistles." These
will be distributed to the various mines for a thorough
trial.
The tipple at the Hugheston mine of the
Hugheston Coal & Coke Co., Hugheston, W. Va.,
was burned May 5 with a loss of $5,000.
Position 'Wanted
Man thoroughly experienced in coal and coke
business desires position. Traffic, preferred.
Address W., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
7-15
YOU CAN'T
LOOK INTO THE
EARTH, but WE
CAN get you a large
clean core of all strata un­
der your land tc be ex­
amined in broad daylight.
. No Guess Work. .
The J. A. BRENNAN DRILLING CO.
Home Office, SCRANTON, PA.
\ Field Office, 30 Carson St., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Contractors (or DIAMOND DRILLING, OIL AND ARTESIAN WELL DRILLING
RESCUE CAR ITINERARIES.
Arrive Leave Address
SEATTLE CAK.
May 16 May 24 Seattle, Wash.
May 24 June 4 Roslyn, Wash.
BILLINGS CAK NO. 5.
Arrive Leave Company Address
May 18 May 23 Car Repairs.... Spokane, Wash.
May 25 May 30 Bear Creek Coal Co.
Montana Coal & Iron Co.
International Coal Co.
Bear Creek, Mont.
June 1 June 6 Anaconda Copper Mining Co.
Smokeless and Sootless Coal
Co Washoe, Mont.
June 8 June 13 Northwest Improvement Co.
Red Lodge, Mont.
The Miners' Examining Board of the State of
Illinois will hold meetings, during the remainder
of the month of May, according to the folloyving
schedule: Willisville, May 19; Belleville, May
20; Staunton, May 22; Eldorado, May 26; Benton,
May 27; Herrin, May 28-29. The members of the
examining board are Edward Maher, president;
John Knies and Nicholas Cowell, secretary.
Alex. Howat, president of the United Mine Workers
of District No. 14, comprising Kansas, resigned
following the reading of a report of President
John P. White that Howat and Secretary-Treasurer
Fred Holt of District No. 21, comprising
Oklahoma and Arkansas had accepted $20,000 from
mine operators of the districts for making favorable
settlements.
Burglars broke into the offices of the United
Mine Workers at Indianapolis, lnd., May 3, and
looted the desks of stamps and other supplies.
Mr. James Findlay has resigned the position of
manager of the Maple Leaf coal mine, situated
near Frank, southwestern Alberta, Canada.
General Map of the Bituminous
Coal Fields of Pennsylvania.
1909- IO.
Showing the location of the mines, and giving
the names and post office addresses of the Operators
and Purchasing Agents. With which is
combined a Geological, Railway and Waterway
Outlet Map of the entire Appalachian Coal Field
from Pennsylvania to Alabama, giving the location
and extent of all the Coal Districts. Published
and for sale by BAIRD HALBERSTADT,
F. G. S., Geologist and Engineer, POTTSVILLE, PA.

THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 61
PEALE, PEACOCK & KERR
OF NEW YORK
BITUMINOUS
VICTOR
COAL
STEREO U.S PATENT (
ANTHRACITE COAL
GAS COAL
AND COKE
REMBRANDT PEALE, President. H. W. HENRY, V. Pres. & Traffic Mgr.
JOSEPH H. LUMLEY, Treasurer.
2708—2718 GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,
NEW YORK.
North American Building, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
E. E. WALLING, Vice President.

62 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
MINE. CARS
42 inch gauge; 3000 to 4000 pounds capacity
Good Condition. Low Price.
THE L A. GREEN EQUIPMENT COMPANY,
3145 Penn Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA.
Store Manager.
Thoroughly competent, at present employed,
wants position. Best references.
Box 685, Barnesboro, Pa.
For Sale.
Will sacrifice about 1,000 acres of coal land in
fee simple, together with plant and equipment
ready for operation. JOHN C. WOLF, 210 Union
Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. 8-16
For Sale.
4,240 acres Coal and Timber land, 9,000,000 feet
of Oak, Hickory, Poplar and other timber, onethird
of area underlaid with the Seewanee coal
vein, four-fifths with two or more other veins.
Price $15 per acre. Address,
7-1 H. S. SHUK, Duluth, Minn.
Timber and Coal For Sale
About six hundred acres of virgin hardwood
timber, sizes- up to six feet in diameter and about
two thousand acres coal, upland, on railroad, in
Ohio County, Kentucky.
Good place for Mill Plant and Coal Mine.
Please write for engagements before coming to
see it, because I cannot afford to show or talk
about the property without previous arrangements
to do so by letter.
Please address WM. M. WABDEN, Centertown,
Kentucky. tfs
MINE FOREMAN.
Thoroughly competent and experienced mine
foreman wants position in Pennsylvania. Address
P. M., care THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
WANTS TO SELL ON COMMISSION.
Party in close touch with large consumers of
gas slack in Eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
wishes to establish connection with reliable
mine on commission basis. Please give full par­
ticulars, analysis of coal, name, location and outfit
of mine, etc.
tfs C. V. EMERIOK, Easton, Pa.
TIMBER—COAL
EASTERN KENTUCKY'S vast coal and timber
fields are now being opened and realized. American
financiers were awe-stricken recently when
the great Elk Horn Fuel Co. took over THIRTY
MILLION DOLLARS worth of these lands. That
is only a small portion. Within and adjoining
this property are numerous tracts of from 250
to 30,000 acres equally as good and carrying same
seams of coal.
THE HARDWOOD FORESTS of oak, chestnut,
maple, hickory, etc., are fast being taken up and
will not last long. Can supply any size tract
for immediate operation or investment up to 25,000
acres at owner's price.
30,000 acres oil and gas leases taken from
farmers adjoining new Cannel City, Kentucky,
oil field, for sale or open for development.
Bona fide buyers, make your wants known to
the man on the ground in the heart of the field
who will give you a "square deal."
7-15 N. P. HOWARD, Salyersville, Ky.
FOR SALE.
Sixteen hundred and fourteen acres (1614) of
coal land in fee. Seven hundred and fifty (750)
acres coal under lease @ 6c royalty. Four (4)
operating mines on property, fully equipped. Situated
on the Kanawha River and main line of the
C. & O. R. R. in West Virginia. Expert report
shows that by an expenditure of fifteen thousand
($15,000) dollars this property can easily produce
fifty (50,000) thousand tons per month. Price,
three hundred and sixty ($360,000) thousand dollars.
($150,000 cash, and balance to suit @ 6 per
cent.) Must be sold before February 1, 1915.
Very finest quality of coal.
For further particulars, address
J. B. YATES,
327 Vine Street, Lexington, Kentucky.
Haulage Engine
10 x 12 Double Cylinder, Double Drum. Built
by tbe Exeter Machine Co. 1907. Excellent condition.
Low price.
THE L. A. GREEN EQUIPMENT CO.,
3115 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Wanted—Situation.
Man (age thirty) fifteen years in general offices
of large Bituminous coal corporation, at present
assistant head bookkeeper, general knowledge of
accounting; would like to make a change.
Address P. L., care "THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.

MANUFACTURED FUEL.
The total quantity of manufactured fuel in the
form of briquets, eggettes, coalettes, boulets, and
like products, according to E. W. Parker, of the
United States Geological Survey, in an advance
chapter of Mineral Resources, 1913, on "Fuel
Briquetting," just published, amounted in 1913,
to 181,859 short tons, valued at $1,007,327, a decrease
of 18,205 tons in quantity but an increase
of $55,066 in value, compared to the output in
1912. The slackened demand for briquetted fuel
is believed to be due to the exceptional mildness
of the winter of 1912-13 and of November and
December, 1913. The briquets which appear to
meet with favor in the eastern states are of the
boulet type, pillow or egg shaped, and about the
size of anthracite nut. They are practically
smokeless and make an ideal fuel for the open
grate or kitchen range, holding their shape until
entirely consumed and then falling, when stirred,
into a pulverulent, clinkerless ash. In the Central
and Pacific coast states the popular type of
briquetted fuel appears to be of larger size, about
that of egg coal.
A copy of Mr. Parker's report may be obtained
free on application to the Director of the Geological
Survey, Washington, D. C.
The Interstate Commerce commission has suspended
until August 29 certain proposed increases
of rates on coke in carload lots from
Chicago and other Illinois points to St. Paul and
other cities in Minnesota, Iowa and South Dakota.
Roads affected by the order are the Chicago &
Alton, North-Western, Milwaukee, Minneapolis &
St. Louis and other lines. The increases proposed
are from 5 to 25 cents per net ton.
THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN. 63
RECENT COAL TRADE PATENTS.
The following recently granted patents of interest
to the coal trade, are reported expressly for
THE COAI. TRADE BULLETIN by Nesbit & Doolittle,
patent attorneys, Park building, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
from whom printed copies may be procured for
15 cents each:
Limber pin for mine skips, C. H. Sawyer and
James Boditch, Newcastle, New South Wales. Australia;
1,092,750.
Post, for drilling machines, A. F. Deruy, Pittsburg.
Kan.; 1,092,980.
Sprinkling car for mines, J. J. Harris, Canonsburg,
Pa.: 1,093,268.
Mining headlight, R. C. Kruschke, Duluth, Minn.;
1,093,339.
Coke oven door, Henrich Bareuter, Essen-West,
Germany: 1,093,522.
Clamp. XX. L. Knight, Tulsa, Okla.: 1,093,703.
Mine car truck, D. S. Johnston, Hiawatha, Utah;
1,093,783.
358.
Miner's lamp, F. E. Baldwin, New York; 1,094,-
THE J. B. SANBORN CO. I
•f Special Mercantile Agency >
COAL TRADE.
PUBLISHERS OF -'
\ The Coal Dealers' Blue Book \
\ Contains a Complete List for the United -•
£ States and Canada of all Coal Operators, ?
i Shippers and Dealers, Gas Companies, Eie- 3
_ vators, Foundries, Mills, Iron Works, and )
^ all Manufacturers who buy Coal and Coke in >
? tar load lots, with capital and pay ratings. -J
- ; __„_ _ „... Rol "_..-n -. 1438 SO. PENN SQUARE. :•
.- 550 Monon Building, 440 Dearborn St.. ._„ .._,„_,. _
CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA. r
ARGYLE COAL COMPANY
SOUTH FORK,
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF THE
m
FAMOUj
"ARGYLE"
SMOKELESS
C ^ 3A V O A
PENNSYLVANIA.

64 THE COAL TRADE BULLETIN.
Coalmont Coal Mining Co.; capital, $5,000;
treasurer, Justice Coxe, Jr., 1100 Spruce street,
Philadelphia, Pa.; directors, Justice Coxe, Jr..
Philadelphia, Pa.; Hamilton Turner, Wenouah, N.
J.; F. K. Cheney, Philadelphia, Pa.
Grazier Coal Mining Co.. Johnstown, Pa.; capi­
tal, $200,000; incorporators, John M. Rose, F. W.
Otto, C. H. Alter, W. D. Harfet, Johnstown; A. XV.
Hillebran, New York; J. C. Cosgrove, Chicago;
XV. F. Ainsworth, New York.
Van Ormer Coal Co., Boston, Mass.; capital,
$400,000; incoiporatois. Charles H. Worster, Boston;
Eugene K. Dunbar, Boston; Wilbur H. Powers,
Boston; John F. Luther, Swampscott; Michael
F. Clarke, Melrose.
Montour Coal Co., Springfield, 111.; capital, $50,-
000; manufacture, sell and ship coal and other
minerals, manufacture and sale of by-products;
incorporators, William L. Patton, Henry I.,. Patton
and H. R. Hall.
J. Harold Thompson Co., Pittsburgh; capital,
$20,000; mining, buying and selling ooal and manufacturing
coke; incorporators, J. Harold Thompson,
Roy Rose, Earl J. Mohn, all of Pittsburgh.
Mining Appliance Co., Fairmont, W. Va.; capital,
$5,000; incorporators, George H. Probst, C. C.
Shinn, John J. Wright, J. J. Mulvehill and C. XX.
Miller, all of Fairmont. XV. Va.
Bird Coal Co., Philadelphia capital, $10,000;
incorporators. John Barnes, Ardmore, Pa.; Harry
E. Bird, Edward 1.. Clarke, both of Philadelphia.
Grazier Coal & Coke Co., Johnstown, Pa.; capital.
$10,OIMI; incorporators, J. A. Grazier, H. F.
Grazier and J. S. Grazier, Johnstown.
Buffalo Creek Coal Co., Ashland, Ky.; capital,
$50,000; incorporators, J. W. M. Stewart, K. M.
Fitzgerald and L. S. Wilson.
Royal Mining Co.. Madera, Pa.; capital, $5,000;
incorporators, H. B. Swoope, John Stevenson and
S. R. Moore, Madera.
The Union Trust Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa., will
pay June 1, Nos. 11 to 17, inclusive, of the 6
per cent, first mortgage sinking fund coupon gold
bonds of the Consolidated Connellsville Coke Co.
Announcement has been made that Mr. S. B.
Thorne, of Thorne, Neale & Co., has purchased
the stock of eight coal companies owned for several
years by the Temple Iron Co.
The Dueber Heights Coal Co., Canton, O., has
increased its capital stock from $10,000 to $20,000.
JAMES G. SEEGAN. GENERAL MANAGER F. J. MULLHOLAND, SALE. MANAOER
CLYDE COAL COMPANY
MINERS AND SHIPPERS
BEST PITTSBURGH-MONONGAHELA COAL
SPECIAL PREPARATION FOR THE DOMESTIC TRADE
PITTSBURGH, PA.
BELL 'PHONE, 2SI7 COURT P & A 'PHONB. M 151
J. H. SANFORD COAL COMPANY
MINIM AND SHIPPER*
HIGHEST GRADE PANHANDLE COAL
ANALYSIS :
Moisture i.53 BEST FOR STEAM AMD
Volatile Matter - 35.96
Fixed Carbon . . . . 56.34 DOMESTIC U S E S
Ash 6.17
j Sulphur - 1.79
( B. T. U. per pound of Dry Coal, 13544.3 ° fficcs : ' 3 ' 5 P *& BuMing, PITTSBURGH.
) Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, „ ,, _.
1 Jas. Otis Handy, Chief Chemist. Be " Ph ° neS ' Gr ' nt 1822-1823-1824
~ >

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CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
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