2013-2022 TEN-YEAR SITE PLAN - Idaho National Laboratory

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1-14 SECTION 1 OVERVIEW N&HS, SMC plays a key role in supporting the laboratory’s mission to provide world-class N&HS solutions. 1.3.3 Energy and Environment The energy and environment mission of the laboratory is derived from engineering and research capabilities in specific areas of energy supply (i.e., biomass assembly, testing of advanced vehicles, and development of catalysts) and in developing engineering solutions for the integration of energy systems. As affirmed in the 1995 Settlement Agreement between the State of <strong>Idaho</strong>, DOE, and the U.S. Navy (State of <strong>Idaho</strong> 1995), INL is the lead laboratory for the DOE’s used (spent) nuclear fuel management . Under this role, INL conducts the research, development, and testing of treatment, shipment, and disposal technologies for all DOE-owned UNF. This role was later expanded to include DOE-produced high-level waste. In addition, the laboratory provides technical assistance in the area of water resource management to federal, state, and local governments. 1.3.3.1 Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Waste Leadership As the DOE lead laboratory for UNF and highlevel waste, INL works with commercial nuclear generating companies, cask vendors, the EPRI, M&O contractors at other DOE sites, other federal offices, and the international research community to solve technical issues associated with packaging, storage, transportation, and disposition of these materials. Activities performed include designing and assembling large-scale demonstrations of repository, waste processing, and storage systems. INL retains unique infrastructure and physical assets in these areas including instrumented casks for demonstrations involving storage of UNF. This includes research to establish the technical foundation for acceptance of materials at future repository T E N - Y E A R S I T E P L A N INL or storage systems, developing disposition pathways for challenging materials, total system performance modeling for repository systems, materials testing, and nondestructive evaluation of cask and system performance. From 2002-2009, INL designed and demonstrated a full-scale system to close the large waste packages for placement into the repository. INL served a key role in the recovery, transportation, and examination of the fuel from the TMI-2 reactor following the 1979 accident. A current development system is the cold crucible melter that is unique and has some advantages compared to the current generation of joule-heated melters used for treating radioactive waste. A one-of-a-kind system, the technology is being used successfully to evaluate technologies for vitrifying high-level waste streams and low-activity waste streams produced at the Savannah River Site and the Hanford Reservation. This system may also be used in the future to evaluate vitrification of radioactive waste streams at INL. This expertise and associated capabilities are also applicable to the technical focus area of used fuel management within the fuel-cycle research area (DOE-NE Roadmap Research Objective 3). 1.3.3.2 Biomass Feedstock Assembly The goal of INL’s Bioenergy Program is to overcome key technical barriers facing the U.S. bioenergy industry by systematically researching, characterizing, modeling, and demonstrating the physical and chemical characteristics of the nation’s diverse lignocellulosic biomass resources to produce biofuels and other value-added products more cost effectively. Realizing national biofuel production goals requires development of feedstock supply systems that can provide biomass to biorefineries sustainably and cost effectively. INL’s
I D A H O N A T I O N A L L A B O R A T O R Y TYSP OVERVIEW SECTION 1 Bioenergy Program developed an engineering design, analysis model, and conceptual strategy for a feedstock supply system that can sustainably provide uniform-format lignocellulosic biomass at a commodity scale within national cost targets. Four major INL research laboratories are employed to research, develop, and demonstrate the systems and technologies needed to meet DOE’s biomass program requirements: (1) Biomaterials Deconstruction and Flowability, (2) Computational Engineering and Simulation, (3) Biomass Stabilizing and Upgrading, and (4) the Feedstock Process Demonstration Unit. 1.3.3.3 Energy Storage and Vehicles INL is the lead DOE laboratory for field performance and life testing of advanced technology vehicles. The laboratory provides benchmark data for DOE technology modeling, simulations, and R&D, as well as to fleet managers and other vehicle purchasers for informed purchase, operations, and infrastructure decisions. The transition to hybrid electrical and all-electric light-duty vehicles for personal transportation has the potential to shape the demand curve for electricity in the United States. However, realization of this advanced technology will require improvements in batteries, energy conversion, and electrical infrastructure — all of which are established areas of INL expertise. INL is coordinating plug-in demonstration projects with private companies and city, county, port, and environmental agencies. Onboard data-loggers, cellular modems, and global positioning system (GPS) units will transmit information from these vehicles to INL researchers for analysis. INL’s integrated vehicle, energy storage, and grid demonstration and testing laboratory is a regional and national testing and demonstration resource for DOE, DOD, other federal agencies, and industry. The applied battery research and diagnostic testing includes thermodynamic life analysis of advanced battery chemistries under development and advanced physical and materials modeling. The program is also developing roadway and vehicle electrification systems and smart grid integration concepts. 1.3.3.4 Hybrid Energy Systems Hybrid energy systems are those that integrate two or more primary energy and carbon sources to produce a suite of energy products in an optimal way. Hybrid energy systems can be envisioned as five major interconnected platforms: (1) feedstock extraction and processing; (2) energy transfer; (3) energy storage; (4) byproduct management; and (5) system integration, monitoring, and control. An emerging area of research within the laboratory, hybrid energy (including nuclear-assisted hybrid systems) is growing to meet the energy integration needs of the DOD and other federal, state, and international customers and partners. Examples of research underway in this area include: • Developing methods to improve the efficiency of feedstock processing and reduce carbon emissions • Conducting research to understand reaction phenomena and heat disposition requirements • Exploring methods for converting surplus power to stored energy • Conducting research to convert syngas and pyrolysis products into energy products • Researching gas separation and management of by-products • Supporting technology development for tar and oils upgrading • Conducting research to optimize energy and material integration of hybrid energy systems • Developing design criteria for monitoring and control systems for hybrid energy solutions. 1-15
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2013-2022 TEN-YEAR SITE PLAN - Idaho National Laboratory

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