New Eastern Europe Issue 1

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80 Opinion and Analysis Agata Wierzbowska-Miazga, From the Cradle to the Grave in 2008, 41% of women decided to have a second child because of the new social incentives, while in 2009, the number decreased to 21%. President Dmitry Medvedev, at a meeting with health offi cials, declared that the maternity capital programme was no longer eff ective and asked the ministry of health to create a new incentive for women to have children. One of the most innovative solutions was proposed in 2008 by Sergey Morozov, governor of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Morozov organised a competition Russia’s abortion rate is still the highest in the world. with the poetic name “Give Birth to a Patriot on Russia Day”. Each couple whose child was born on June 12th, Russia Day, received a cash award, a refrigerator or a washing machine, and acquired the right to participate in a lottery to win a brand new SUV. To induce people to take part in the action nine months before Russia Day, the governor proclaimed a public holiday. On the fi nal day of the competition, three times as many children were born than on any other day. Th e campaign, although unusual, was considered too impractical and not a serious solution of demographic issues. Children, not budget Women thinking of having a child rely more on stable pro-family policies than sensational campaigns. In Russia, public offi cials, citing necessary budget cuts, began to scale back the system of support for mothers. In December, the rules of calculating maternity benefi ts were altered, to the disadvantage of the benefi ciaries. Th e changes were implemented despite unprecedented protests. Th e protests were made up of pregnant women from across Russia, holding signs with the slogan “children are not a budget; they’re not so easy to plan”. Th e state’s decision to lower the benefi ts may have contributed to the decrease in the number of children in Russia. Statistically, in 2010, a woman had 1.5 children. Generation replacement requires the rate of 2.2. In a survey conducted by the nonprofi t Levada Analytical Centre, 73% of the respondents declared no plans to have children in the next two to three years. Interestingly, when asked about an ideal family, the Russians reply that it should consist of two (54%), or even three or four (28%) children. Th e respondents also declared that, if their living standards allowed, they would like to have two (43%) or more (24%) children. In 2009, 50% of women in child-bearing age had one child while only 5% had three or more. Th e abortion rate is another problem. However, with the growing awareness of birth control and the increasing availability of contraceptives, abortion is no longer considered a family planning method as it was in the USSR. Nonetheless, Russia’s abortion rate is still the highest in the world. In 2010, for each 100
Agata Wierzbowska-Miazga, From the Cradle to the Grave Opinion and Analysis 81 Photo: Andrzej Brzeziecki
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Anna Łabuszewska, Valeriya Unplugg
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New Eastern Europe Issue 1

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