ARTIFICIAL SPA WNING of MULLET CULTURE of MULLET and ...

PROJECT: A.I.D. csd-2780 INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AQUACULTURE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SERIES NO. 4
MARCH 1973
ARTIFICIAL SPA WNING of MULLET
CULTURE of MULLET and MILKFISH in TAIWAN
R.Dni Rouse Dreco uun lbm
International Center for Aquaculture
R. Dennis Rouse, Director
Agricultural Experiment Station
AUBURN UNIVERSITY
Auburn, Alabama
and

COVER PHOTOGRAPH. Traditional method in Taiwan of stacking
milkfish in baskets prior to marketing.

ARTIFICIAL SPAWNING of MULLET and
CULTURE of MULLET and MILKFISH in TAIWAN
INTRODUCTION
TAIWAN is advanced in various aquacultures. Its fish farmers
are especially noted for their cultures of milkfish in brackish
water and poly-cultures of Chinese carps in fresh water.
Its research biologists have been among the leaders in developing
shrimp culture and have been the most successful
in artificially reproducing and raising mullet to food size.
Aquacultural facilities were toured in Taiwan during June
1971. The itinerary was developed by Mr. T. P. Chen,
Director, Fisheries Division, Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction.
Mr. Chang-Jyi Chiou served as interpreter.
This report includes a summary on milkfish culture and
the techniques used in artificially spawning and raising mullet
in Taiwan.
CULTURE OF MULLET
The discussions of milkfish and mullet cultures were
derived from observations and conversations with researchers
and farmners in the field and from published literature.
Aquacultural potentials for milkfish and mullet are greater
than those for most species. Both are hardy and respond
well to management in confined environments. Both tolerate
adverse conditions; the mullet tolerates colder temperatures,
but the milkfish can live at much higher temperatures and
salinities. Both have excellent consumer acceptance in the
areas where cultured. Both are herbivorous, feeding primarily
on benthic and planktonic organisms that can be cheaply
produced.
In Taiwan no farms were visited where mullet was actually
being cultured. Dr. I. C. Liao and his staff of Tungkang
Marine Laboratory, who were the first to successfully spawn
mullet and raise the fry to fingerling size, were interviewed.
The techniques used in the artificial spawning and raising
of fingerling mullet are summarized in this report. Very
little is presented on mullet culture.
The striped mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus) inhabits
marine, brackish, and fresh waters of such diverse locations
as India, Taiwan, Japan, United States, Israel, and the
Soviet Union. It is a valued food fish in most of those areas.
The adaptability of mullet to varied environments, as
well as its food habits, hardiness, market value, and other
characteristics make it a popular pond fish in Taiwan.
'Assistant Professor, Dept. of Fisheries and Allied Agricultures;
serving as Chief of Party, AU-Government of Philippines Inland
Fisheries Project, Manila.
H. R. SCHMITTOU'
In total production and value for all Taiwan aquacultures,
mullet ranks third (2,200 metric tons and NT $44 million2'),
milkfish first (19,000 metric tons and NT $400 million), and
oysters second (12,000 metric tons and NT $121 million).
Mullet spawn at sea. It is believed that spawning occurs
in the offshore waters of southern Taiwan. It is known that
schools of mullet migrate southward into the Kuroshio Current
from November to February. The peak of the migration
is in late December and early January. Fish taken during
the migrations have mature sperm and almost mature ova.
The migrating fish are 4 to 5 years old with body lengths
averaging 42 to 45 centimeters.
Fingerlings 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters long are collected from
estuaries and coastal waters along the western coast from
December to March. Usually the mullet are stocked in freshwater
ponds at 2,000 to 3,000/hectare in combination with
the Chinese carps. Annual yields of mullet/hectare range
up to 150 kilograms without fertilization, 400 kilograms with
fertilization, and 1,500 kilograms with feeding.
Striped mullet can tolerate water temperature extremes
from 40 to 350 C, but the optimum water temperature for
growth is about 230 C. Salinities of 0.1 to 38 p.p.t. are tolerated
by adults. Young fry will not tolerate salinities below
17 p.p.t.
The annual demand in Taiwan for stocking ponds is for
about 7 million mullet fingerlings. Some years the demand
is not met. For this and other reasons, research was begun
to artificially spawn and raise mullet for stocking size. This
work began in 1963, and involved the cooperative efforts
of the Taiwan Fisheries Bureau, the Taiwan Fisheries Research
Institute (TFRI), and the Institute of Fishery Biology,
National Taiwan University. Their early work on induced
spawning resulted in producing fry, but no fry survival. In
1967 one fry out of millions hatched survived for 23 days.
The work was transferred to the newly constructed Tungkang
Marine Laboratory of the TFRI in 1968 where the
work was supported primarily by the Rockefeller Foundation.
That year, 2 fingerlings (1.0 and 1.1 centimeters in size)
were kept alive for 30 days. The following year a total of
431 fingerlings that ranged in size up to 28 centimeters
and 217 grams 200 days after hatching survived. In 1970
approximately 50,000 fry reached a length of I centimeter
(27 days).
The techniques and procedures for artificially spawning
and raising mullet to fingerlings were as follows (Dr. I. C.
Liao, Director, Tungkang Marine Laboratory):
2 NT (New Taiwan) $40.00 - $1.00 U.S.

1 hc cuittu'., if n ul, tI. is t icr.> Cl S''' y poputUO - I t SI O.
since successful methods of producing fry in hatcheries have been
developed.
1t.i t I.lu o o e
\ w i r t il ,i~ m i \ ,(
~
xx tlxiiit od .ix~c it'dil r
loi
ONiil
ltI tiot o ililt'. t~tt tsiiit. boilt il 225 tt245 .1I :31)
piti hags 2.5
I). .If itxtiol of . 75t xxa let ii pldi t'tlititr id x lit' .lid
lititi 2i ito 50i xx l it too it' (1 li i ot 15th lixb l \tit i i
i altititi g: of iii itt 1 \\i pit d x(iii l6 tix xx ix c t ) it ott
per)1 ill. xa t iI t tttut~/i
wa'dx\ iiir ltoc kitw fgit 1)1 ((11 hl potids itt 40) to 1.5 tlax ,
laiwill(t froill 20 to 2) .5 C is xttttttiz it,l foilo\x x.
I It'll
S ttcll
Lailt '.'it~ ui
('ii11i)) \oItlit), ]loll i
Im ill itt ol
It It li/i'- (It itttt
Ithr. .31) it. Ix) ctit'.t it~t (1'-(
2 ]if-. :M) itto. 3l)1 clc'ax .1
1(1 Ili. 3)) toul.
172 lii. I)) iio.
:3:3 lit. -10 ttu.
-IS ]itt.
5(0 Ii.
5-4 hri-
.59 hr.
50 iiii 5thtI') it i tt
otiit 111)1 icl i til-it
pli I (Ai lxiti \(ids bitt'
Ti lott x po otil
x]i it I Ik it ' (f e
Tod ill1 i'tiiit t
plitiig rl toftli
3 tint. 1)
CULTURE OF MILKFISH
CoIll iticlit S
'I'lic millsfi.di Chaito.s Owno.o ulthowd, cultilw(I ilifilost
('x(dosivel ill Tai\\ilo, lodom'sul, lod thc I'llfilippilws, i's t1w
[)lost jillpoltiolit filillille imd bliwki'sh \\ilter species (.111tilled
ill t1w \\oild its till it,, totid plodlictioll is m1wellwd. It i's h
L11. tit(, Illo'st importimt spe('ies of fish (.111tilled ill 'ktj\ tllj
hoill tit(, still Idpoil its of lood prodlwed alld ( (.ol loll) ics. The
producti0ii fit 1969 of I,),tY)5 nwtri(, toos of millsfish \irs
'Iwiltcl thitil lot itll\ other sill(de Specu.s. It \\it's 33 per (.cot
of the totill Titi\\all ityliwoltoial piodtichoo of 51,064 nieti-kt
(; i is \ I () i i c t i i .\ \ i i i c o I t I i (, I '), W )5 i i ( t i i c t o i i s \\ i t s 1) i t (-(,( I
;it VV 395.5 millioij of aboot 4:3 lwi (-(,fit of flit, totid idlic
of ilquilcultillal plocllwtioll.

Basket of mnlktish is weighed prior to sate. This is the most important
fish species cultured in Taiwan with approximately 19,000
metric tons, with a market value of NT $ 395.5 million (about
$9.9 million U.S.), produced from ponds during 1969.
i elx of age. Thle xilillicxt id1 lilet, gei gi x 1 (1 iiiiie ix cl
l it Oi dt w i e 94 miid 124 t'eiitjiieteis x kibiiit 9 aiiic 12
k.iogiiiis), rexpecti x clx. 1Recorde (1cc i giitx oif oxvaries' ot
ax 1(1i fish liax eI ranged1 hoi 0dit.5 to l.5 kilogramsiii. Estimaitedl
Tuiinlei of eggs ridl frini :3 to) 71.3 ioillioit feiiiale. iTie
high feniditx suggests loNx xiii-xix al to sxiii iidtiii lit\
'The eggsx are pelagic dud aitit 1.1 to 1.2 mililiiieteis iii
(ldimeter . Thie- hatch iii aiboit 12 houirs. The 1\ ai :3 iiiilliiiitersx
at liatclioiii .5 miilliimeteirs at thriee daxx: iid abouit
li0 iillimeiters x lei i It) dav old. lihe fix touind alilr tlie
d\inIx wi,Ilics ainid estuaijes ate 10) to 1:3 tlas ilil-od din
nhi iiiiiii of It) millimeters inl length. Fix atre dlxx ax x miii id
iii cledtr xx atei oxe i xi lxk lint toiii tliex (lit Hecic foiil iii
siltied xxittei or iii iix l boiii~ fittiomsi.
Feeding Habnits. Asx frx, iijlkhxli feedi oii ph)litooi iid
microoi iixii c l d sxiriall iiidcroixeic hieiitli( in giiiii. Didtoii
aie iapai ii t I their piriimaiy food soiiiee. I' edii g
habiits of the idultx cliiie xcix little friti that of the Irv.
Ill thieir iltoial Ilailit, Ililkfixh iti- b eliexved to hie piiiiriilx
licntliixseciiixiiiiei fee-diog ii diatoiiii .ii c blie-ri ci .ilgitc.
Aiiial oiiii coiinuiiet aire consiideired to lie iliietil
iiiiitiirex to the xcetittixe diet. loxx cxci, suchi irgaliiiii
itx horiioiifera, Limiellili chiati, Gaxsti ipoda., (opep)(Li.,
liirxal liiix ex, and egg. of fishi aire found1( ill digextixve tiraitx
of iiiilkfixli. AXlxo Iiiild iare ililnei l piartit'cs(liii itiix, alit 1
traginciitx of iiiulticellnlai x cgtitiii. \axenliti pliitx .iiid
cectitii filiineiitotix algate are appai citlx takeii oilx~ afifite
pinis liax, e gii toi decax \. -\lilkfixhi appi iialx feed, inl
ior(der of pireicreice, oil organixcux oii the Irnttoiii. ill tile Ilijxx
itei . ild oili the xililate.
It ix ircpiited that milkfixh icr tiiii
ix(elixclx diii-iog the dta\ time.
ivi audi si tagex cd
Enxvironmnixtal Tlolerance. \iikfjish liaxe niuxuidi toheiice
loii xx ide( fiiuctuiatiou u ill the ci x irooiieit, n((i moe ioi
timi most inn ine aoiinuiuix. iliex ie repo tid to tolci ate
ituges of xiiuiitx froint 0.1 to It) pii~t. TIhe\ call lix e' inl
xx aterillp to 40) ( hoxxecxri thex become xhwggixh atl ternl
[clilctiurex beioxx 20) (C. Snddu driopsi ill teiiij ili till i cxiitix e
beeui knidixwn to cauxe dlixcoiihuatiiiu i
xiiethhig of xkiii lax cix.
tempiorary d ix ldlieiicxx io
Commercial Harvest
Fry Collection and Marketing
'File tiliectioii dtti iuauketiiug of muilkfixli frlit ha tockiiig
Caitchfex of aduilt miilkfixi oii the hligh xeax iiaxe l it liceli iiuti ponitxds ar xpecial phaxes iif the unilkhxli taiiii iii-
1 epic tici. liepoi tx ii e collinon of ii ioctaionial catch uucaul ixtix.
xihire. Sciioolx oh liai ge fixih hiaxe e ci obisietie offhoreii xx itii Co llect ion ofi Frv. Tihi Iirx are i ecexxaiii x collecte frntoi
thir doioux fixs aitoxc xx .itcr, a chiaracteisxtic iif inlilk-fixi. coaxtal xx\\atiirx xince artificiai illealis of xjixx hug niilkfixh l u
itau ge fixsi hiaxve iieeiu taught 1lix ioiig iii hex aiidl ti axx ix opcu at- xet to he dexveiopei. The fix aire coliectetd diii-lug the
ing fr om iiairborx iii Taixxani. \iilkfixiu iuax asiio bieei takeiu
iotix of Apili to Octoiri xx ith at peak seaxol iii \1,1x and
xxithi stake tirapx, liftiitxt, xcincxs liaipiiiiix aiit cxcii tex
jiii i. (:ollctiu g groodx are the xiii id xiiaiioxx aretax
ploxixvcx. I Iiix cxc, the catching ot iiilkhxih lby nueaiux otihei atlong the xsiiiti ibeaciex of tue xoiutiirit hail of the coiitiN
thanl hIn pouliuiig isuccidci tai iiid tihere ix lin conlilieitiai
Sciop iiets are emplox t't liii eoiiicttilig iliSIlx flxr ueai
uperatitoi lotiiiiiarx ctiiig uuituial xtockx ol ,diilt iikfixiu.
tue Tiiugkiug \iaiinc Liii attiu x, xxhere aiioiit 21) coilctourx
Biological Information
xx(rk. Thi scii xii 1 p et x arc Consixt rucid i(t of b lxi polesc
ii d cuiars xclothi. Each ix ci in ti n teti lby toiiiig the poIlex
Dismtrilmutioui. \hilktfixl i( t(lisxti rilitethroluiugiiuot tue( tiropical
ilil xiiiti opicaui xxateu x of the I uutiau i aiit Palcihe Oceaux.
iiito iii .Xsiaped fitnie id attacluiiig ftle cioti to' foil ii
ibag ill oue-iiall of the X framie. 'Fie otheri haii ot the Li anli
hx iti it foiuiit inl the Atlanitic Ocean.
Life Historx I. tr x littli is kiiiixxr ii olluccinig thje life
hiixtiii of iiiklixi. Spaix nog ottiui x froiii Apuril to Augt
xxith i peaik iii late Apil (iad i Ix y ,i a. 'I'lex \; SIii ax ohff'
xhleIiiti i i, rehatixe ci sliitliixx xx atiixxih thiere il- e xiidx
Mi cou ail biittoiii deixoith oh x egetathi iio xxd licic xiiiiitx ix
32 to :3:3 p.pi.t. Sexiual inatiiritx ix thought to lie a ilciibut
xerxe xs axnailiex. Thet ti iaigiali scioop s appriitex 2
minti xwxide itl tue hixse iid i2 metersx deep.
The iietx aire piwt 1ioiig xxxi'ill jiiixx" S aitIhxI k ii ta
iii xx alci inkle-dieep to xiciuldicr tieep. tatli net ix fisihedi foii
i1t to i5 ioitex iiefoi the ciat isrineii d. is ixi xitlji
the ucet are iai xextet ii\ gathci ii1d the li ctting hintoi a niail
bag of' aiiotit 2-iiteu x tiunie xxiiiie xiiuituuuouxix liitilg ftc

"'tli C ittiit llc t ' h u o t iliiiith e catc i ill t t h I eitit ti w Ifftt
1.3i lic(,I ito si r t o lt'!ti . Nlilixi ed t i x litiel xt i] I( )Xt'
it 1 ii \ 4te tit \ of t-o I it' u'i i t iii i t!l l li i t~ u
to 'it' h itiit o t hei(' ~ e iu eotitiix t~if'j'iift] iiil e ItII]\xoi tili .ix
f'i ofi I ficr ci fu del it cxix ~ifii sp~ i xlit fl f i oot t0 to
1:3' filfliters tttl etth . cif' ifit' i \ ito d i pos t 2 tfi)l~ix(
1
ittlatfx o ld it )(, 3t'x ttjiftx. t o.tfu' ttitt'jti xxj tf lci t I soitx
xfito sce m ' ittl itictihit ix ;t~ tillt iii bl t owxxax ltt it'sit suc it
h 'rx appears t e t'tlt'e ii xt'ile tth tit'.itt xfptt'iltifg l/li 4 ii
(,its1 i\ ivq ii abo tls t' m i iitcsi itkcif ifi h it'w lishrit Cii Ii I'(
.itiIf S t t'titiiit'tt' A If'') at'f fhis cx l it Iiff I x ji t c i i t it i
dp tihe i (idtl itt hili \ e ii tbou t x00 1 -\i ll iit . flit lix (it'c
pe ('ftxxitt te ii. t oxi ~ il c .the l ii itix l i xItio se s ffiitt l . i
1
i
C' ilfii i r cct .ittit 'f iS1 s St% f\it ) oi flu fix. 'fI(,
ltxd oftfi hii iiiid) tiies f t i iit ix ei itit \%if Stilt( h(f ift
fix ott te s ti ift i i ftix x),% ixjt ll.it flso ietti k t'ttCf i i
tfit'ttitix lidt \iw ilfa liIcdxi itot tfx 'Nf oi ft iifif ireti
SII iti stiimit t be i tte tilfli f oili it ix ofii t ii i lst~. ~ti
1
iitim hlc \ t ish aii ei I. titti iiiilki ujxf ititx to it' lti i
fillt'C illt Ift' jtarxi o fi ibou t s idife xIl fITi t tre ttiflitd
Mxid Sii TI titl itt' ideef.tj t Hittil \itf hlds it houpit ptiio
tippi i tfix l i 3 ililt 0 0 Ifit jill itx. 1 it \ at ii fi'I fftt itre
Iedt\lti(( ii lie \6i0tx cc li~ li o f :32 oft i. e \Itfk fjxi .i'C'iit i\
it iti it\ iii e t i l the iix t 711 il fi il. t H c fi t x 'atx t'uxiii tu
och '1 ' iTittex cli ititii 3 ii ii' 5 h l te iijf 'ttd i ta~.fiti
Cif).3 I Itit-i tit i t _, ('f elo it idt' ittli iti ixa 1 rit I '.
No\ItIkjIi filhi x0 i x ttxjf il a f to xit tic 1
t i t iit (m c'litti
lid ithil cii ixii ti I te t' x ir iT i tt it iii the it fiifix iii to . xitt
h .to ti o
fi' b ilx iiti xx i ith ti l xxiill itix i i h h it~ till 2i if it't iikftax
Workers are constructing a framework of bamboo poles over
which is placed a layer of rice straw. When completed, this
structure provides an effective windbreak and reduces fish mortality
in wintering ponds.
Sttic'kiii Nui'ser'x Ponds. ish lioii ttt x l'ki te it'xx

Mlanagemnent of Production Ponds. Niilkfliih colii IliX
Pastorii is ill( t he li foi ('ficil'it pr0(Iic'ti(Iii of 1both. Th e
pasturei lotiij m tillll is tecliifi2 pol cIlh s co lixtio plilii
o I le- 1 )ie'p l ati(ilio h diatiiicl i ii) ul xlllXelpci i (-il-
ider t4iox be ( xl'l prll 1'iiix lil to b,1 c~li toductonei
litii (dfiite1 stit \ 10 d xiil c I il('i( are isd dI th fiil e rsi
till'roducel lil tuli lil c l llox il'l~i the o ll t iIs (\ lt
'l()ctoe 1.5 io Poficix pond otttom aiti fiobsaequiilit x iTc
ill,' th'patur (1
z ire pro iaie dl to fi 1i ll mo t il- (i
illke dllitl glitex
I i'iiihci I1to
Tlffe Ixli(4its ~
Icill I i IIli I I is 2 I I V xiiit Ii cI xlto bel
ooi itreimto l\ o toxxie I ot cii di h' 121)1( i
lit1ii~ tac t(f Tii e sietcrops . (, pei ic ickx de
ill(-sanl poo it c i ill ol' lix lp t l ie clixl lto (lciciix e
Aproimtidteio ci tcx oiii ateo re i 4tue 12(111(1ci
Octbe 1 illds l ]eud to1, (ITlli% iateihs iare thatli e ii
Nmellibeti I l xceii ~ite t ix tcrin cx id(1 ite piex
i'i'iiu liv ~ cal I diix i~t' cue4ssll i t 1ucY repix s i tic i i cliic ocii
(likeil gl ti x e dx i'l csi' li(itxii
\o\(,m(lx 15 P ti b e ottiu tor ri lept"illof aoiti tt ciiped
oni lica(illt tiliilel tle cxrlidi iteldi
Niai 7 cii VIt at i cic 1iiiixieci'ae tO o izi 1 decii
xxof 1 ill 1 lill( -it \~a olx itc' .r 1 occur xs. itc
Decmbe I ci
to i
iiiis'
d th'
floote
o abut k.
(((11/ll) xccih e t a
u1. Cc' ll the'liteix i
p it ix liX\ ti 01pixiloil r
ei tiiii C pxxlot
Neill li21 I lOric ni txtciils u ix i s ic tt e hiot chillgl
I i 1.5e ctrm 1rss i icx Il ra to el i (lii siX l,
Mid i (~iciol TI m ferilier 1(1 Itc' tpica (cti i
i c' p 1 IX boi~i cll; c'xc't i ilii c'filo l te '
iic iait ail c o p tt tu 121 olacx ilx Xclp ll
Mil-ctIii,1c fiuxtilc'iifloo1IiC pciii I 'i repea1i.ted.'
xxei prc'litaixxclloi o\ilukc depth ilc Inil
arch 1i 5 Aiiotic' i liitictio o l tc'iiisc'i ix pox '
Nfitix I
N I lx 15
11111c 1.5
%% it I 1it(ltili I o)1 'sl', %% Acr t I he Il( ' o11II
ix-\ xxllicli ,ir I to 4 ciii. ill siz'e ilc stockecd
its (,i t iilc o'I 1 Irol l 1111Xi u-cr X ll ills alld ll(,li
((II (4 ofle it' 11 fish. Th1 ese fishi xiii lbe
the (o ii lll] cio prdue P )li''liill l sciio.
Alii apJpliciiti(;ll of leitilizei ix iid' it
I l('(lf((l.
I icl Ih Ii I d i Id1 last stock iti I mai i t x i
:1.500 fix- hit, Thes~'e ix- aiel ixo x oii( i
the-_\ c('dl fishxlid iit'e stocked 'l i) te iou11
seix\ Thlese fishi \viii be lxiiX (stedil i Octo-
teim 4 1 2olds.
iiiic :3tt 'fil hxt li ,s 't ix 112,ic xxlicli colliitx, of
tiic hxii xtickc'c iii NMatcli.
Sepitemblelr 1.5 llic 1 sc'cond cl u,1 x('t ix llli xx iicii cioniitxs
of' tiic fish istoucked( iii Apili.
Ocoer1-- tondkis (4, i tieiix ii il t11itb lxx fishitli
stiiig (4 e trkisere toiii.er6it
Iflli' estilill Nhikii ic it( clil ixsh Ii fi lull ill', 1 2ii (Yelil
i tthccr iixe'xx the fiixt ii Jiuie: thelc' x'(iill oo iSe'p-
2.5ff (4itiii pei fxsi. Gill iietx if ioiilohliil('cit Illexil a1re Ilixl.
NMesh xize is suchjl thiat iiiio makctt,i' i1
hxii iti takikci.
The( WC'iill iiil'xct ix ill %e 1 te1'ibl' xxil 1 till fixii xtlck'ci
1,8til to 2,00 kilioirams (41 iX 111( seaixoi I. I ~X \evr 'l ill',
Bfureaiu lixtedi i 6,298 i li c iii iiiiiikhxii 12111(llitiiii andl
Milkfish pond being harvested by fishermen with gill nets, Size
of net mesh permits fish that are below marketable size to pass
through.

Survival of Different Sizes of Milkfish. Survival of milkfish
is apparently very good although the fish appear to be
fragile. Disease and parasites are considered incidental by
both the farmers and the technical people. They consider
mortality to be due primarily to predation and mechanical
causes. The following is the expected mortality for different
sizes of fish under specific conditions:
Mortality Fish size and conditions
1 to 2 per cent----. Fry transported from collecting grounds to
market and then from market to nursery.
20 per cent------ Fry of 10 mm. to harvest size of 150 g. in
production ponds.
2 per cent------- Fingerlings of 12 to 15 cm. to harvest size
of 250 g. in production ponds.
2 per cent------ Fingerlings of 12 to 15 cm. in overwintering
ponds.
ITINERARY
June 2, 1971 Arrived Taipei, Taiwan
June 3 Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction
(JCRR) Taoyuan Fish Propagation Administration
June 4 JCRR
June 7-- Chupei Fish Culture Station
June 8 Tsengwen Tidal Land Milkfish Farms
Markets for milkfish fry
Privately owned freshwater fish farms
June 9 Washan Tou Fish Hatchery
Markets for milkfish fry
June 10 - Tungkang Marine Laboratory
June 11 JCRR
Departed Taipei, Taiwan