Family / Scientific name - Coastal Forests of Kenya and Tanzania

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REMP Technical Report 44: Biodiversity Summary 2. Observations Observations are made with the aid of a Petzel head torch with a halogen bulb. This torch picks out eye shine that is reflected by nocturnal mammals. Once eye shine is spotted, a four cell Maglite torch is used with binoculars (Zeiss DDR 10x50W), to obtain observations of the animal(s). Notes are made of the height of the animals in the canopy, support use, general behaviour and animal interactions. 3. Trap data Chardonneret traps baited with fruit are used to capture galagos alive and sometimes bat nets are used to catch trap shy species. Traps are checked every 4-6 hours, and animals are extracted by hand without the need for anaesthesia. Biometric measurements are taken and tissue samples (from the ear, using a biopsy punch) are collected for genetic analysis and stored in ethanol. 4. Population and ecological data Night walks are conducted along pre-existing paths where possible to reduce noise and disturbance. Galago sightings and/or calls are noted. From this, relative densities are estimated by counting the number of galagos encountered over a measured distance. Given a known distance from the path within which animals can be counted reliably and the distance sampled, it is possible to estimate the number animals within that particular area. This estimate is usually very approximate and is biased by such factors as; detection ability, variability in habitat and moon phase. Only by intensively trapping and marking (preferably radio tracking) of animals from a given known area can density estimates be properly made (Harcourt and Nash, 1986; Bearder and Martin, 1979). Encounter rates per hour can also give an indication of relative animals densities as well as activity rates under variable weather conditions and moon phases. 5. Any other data. Other data collected opportunistically include; galago hairs, faeces and locating tree holes or nests where the animals may live during the daytime. Results Galagos Five species of galago were recorded from the study sites visited (see Table 1). A sixth species, suspected to be the Senegal galago was recorded in the Selous game reserve near Sand Rivers Safari camp. This observation requires confirmation. Table 1. Galago records for the field sites visited south of the Rufiji River. Species/Site Kichi Hills FR Nyamuete FR Kiwengoma FR Garnett’s Galago Present in Present in forest Present in forest Otolemur garnetti forest Large Eared greater galago Not recorded Not recorded Present in Miombo Otolemur crassicaudatus woodland/ forest edge Senegal galago Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Galago senegalensis Mohol galago Galago moholi Grant’s Galago Galagoides granti Zanzibar Galago Galagoides zanzibaricus Present miombo woodland in Not recorded Not recorded Present forest in Present in forest Present in forest Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded 93
REMP Technical Report 44: Biodiversity Summary Table 2. Galago records for the field sites visited north of the Rufiji River. Species/Site Mtanza/ Msona Forest Reserve Rufiji Riverine forest Garnett’s Galago Otolemur garnetti Present in forest Present in forest Large Eared greater galago Heard in surrounding Heard in surrounding Otolemur crassicaudatus woodland woodland Senegal Galago Galago senegalensis Not recorded Not recorded Mohol galago Galago moholi Not recorded Not recorded Grant’s galago Galagoides granti Not recorded Not recorded Zanzibar Galago Galagoides zanzibaricus Present in forest Not recorded Vocalization data The following calls were recorded or heard (Table 3). Calls shown in brackets are the known calls of this species from other localities in Africa but were not heard during this study. Table 3 The call types heard of each species detected during this survey. Species/Site Advertising call Alarm call 1 Alarm call 2 Garnett’s Galago Otolemur garnetti Trailing call Cackle Squawks Large Eared greater galago Otolemur crassicaudatus Cry Senegal Galago Galago senegalensis (Honk) Mohol galago Galago moholi (Barks) Grant’s galago Galagoides granti Incremental call Sweep screeches Slow screeches Zanzibar Galago Single unit rolling call Yaps and descending Buzzes and yaps Galagoides zanzibaricus screeches Records of other Mammals Other small-medium sized mammals were recorded in the forested and coastal thicket habitat areas (Table 4). More widespread/non-forest dependent large mammal species were recorded in the bushland and woodland areas. These were; eland, greater kudu, warthog, buffalo, impala, zebra, lion (reported to have been heard from the river banks near the Msona campsite), hippo, brown hyena, side-striped jackal and slender mongoose. 94
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Family / Scientific name - Coastal Forests of Kenya and Tanzania

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