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Table 5.10 Estimates of food consumption (tonnes x 1000) by seabirds in ICES and NAFO subareas when not considering seasonal movements of birds into, out of and through the subareas (a) and when doing so (b). ICES subareas I,IIa,IIb Barents and Norwegian Seas 1520 1650 Va,XIVa,b E. Greenland and Iceland 1800 2080 IVa-c,VIId,e North Sea and English Channel 690 750 IIIa-d Baltic, Skagerrak and Kattegat 410 810 Vb,VIa,b,f,g,j Faeroes and W. UK 870 950 VIIIa-c,IXa,X France, Iberia, Azores 80 110 Total ICES 5420 6 350 NAFO subareas 0 Eastern Baffin Island 220 300 1 West Greenland 1650 2240 2 and 3 East NFL and Labrador 700 1940 4 Gulf of St. Lawrence and Scotian Shelf 180 250 5 Gulf of Maine 100 230 6 Long Island to Cap Hatteras 50 200 Total NAFO 2910 5160 5.3 References Anker-Nilssen, T., Bakken, V., Strøm, H., Golovkin, A., Bianki, V.V., and Tatarinkova, I. (eds.) 2000. The status of marine birds breeding in the Barents Sea region. Norsk Polarinst. Rapportserie No. 113, Tromsø. 213 pp. Bakken, V., Runde, O., and Tjørve, E. 2003. Norsk ringmerkingsatlas. Vol. 1. Stavanger Museum, Stavanger. 431 pp. Barrett, R.T., Anker-Nilssen, T., Gabrielsen, G.W., and Chapdelaine, G. 2002. Food consumption by seabirds in Norwegian waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: 43–57. Birt-Friesen, V.L., Montevecchi, W.A., Cairns, D.K., and Macko, S.A. 1989. Activity specific metabolic rates of freeliving northern gannets and other seabirds. Ecology, 70: 357–367. Brooke, M. de L. 2003. The food consumption of the world’s seabirds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. Biology Letters, 271(S4): 246-248. Cairns, D.K., Chapdelaine, G., and Montevecchi, W.A. 1991. Prey exploitation by seabirds in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Special Publications Fisheries Aquatic Sciences, 113: 277–291. Cramp, S. (ed.) 1985. The birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol IV. Oxford University Press. 960 pp. Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (ed.) 1977. The birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol I. Oxford University Press. 722 pp. Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (ed.) 1983. The birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol III. Oxford University Press. 913 pp. Delany, S., and Scott, D. (eds.) 2002. Waterbird population estimates – third ed. Wetlands International Global ser. No. 12, Wageningen, Netherlands. 226 pp. Diamond, A.W., Gaston, A.J., and Brown, R.G.B. 1993. Studies of high-latitude seabirds. 3. A model of the energy demands of the seabirds of eastern and Arctic Canada. CWS Occasional Papers, 77: 1–39. Durinck, J., Skov, H., Jensen, F.P., and Pihl, S. 1994. Important marine areas for wintering birds in the Baltic Sea. EU DG XI research contract no. 2242/90–09–01. Ornis Consult report 1994, 110 pp. Ellis, H.I., and Gabrielsen, G.W. 2002. Energetics of free-ranging seabirds. In Biology of marine birds. Ed. by Schreiber, E.A. and Burger, J. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida: 359–407. Gabrielsen, G.W. 1994. Energy expenditure in arctic seabirds. D. Phil. thesis, Univ. Tromsø, Norway. Gales, R.P., and Green, B. 1990. The annual energetics cycle of little penguins Eudyptula minor. Ecology, 71: 2297– 2312. Hagemeijer, W.J.M., and Blair, M.J. (eds.). 1997. The EBCC atlas of European breeding birds. Poyser, London. 903 pp. ICES 2002. Report of the working group on seabird ecology. ICES CM 2002/C:04. ICES 2003. Report of the working group on seabird ecology. ICES CM 2003/C:03. 26 ICES WGSE Report 2004 Total a Total b
Kershaw, M., and Cranswick, P.A. 2003. Numbers of wintering waterbirds in Great Britain, 1994/1995–1998/1999: I. Waterfowl and selected waterbirds. Biological Conservation, 111: 91–104. Lyngs, P. 2003. Migration and winter ranges of birds in Greenland. Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift, 97: 1– 165. Merkel, F. R., Mosbech, A., Boertmann, D. M., and Grøndahl, L. 2002. Winter seabird distribution and abundance off southwest Greenland, 1999. Polar Research, 21:17–36. Mosbech, A.., and Boertmann, D. 1999. Distribution, abundance and reaction to aerial surveys of post-breeding king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) in western Greenland. Arctic, 52: 188–203. Nagy, K.A., Ginard, I.A., and Brown, T.K. 1999. Energetics of free-ranging mammals, reptiles and birds. Annual Reviews Nutrition, 19: 247–277. Nygård, T., Larsen, B.H., Follestad, A., and Strann, K.-B. 1988. Numbers and distribution of wintering waterfowl in Norway. Wildfowl, 39: 164–176. Petersen, A. 1982. [Icelandic seabirds]. In Fuglar. Ed. By Gardarsson, A. Rit Landverndar, 8. 216 pp. Wernham, C.V., Toms, M.P., Marchant, J.H., Clark, J.A., Siriwardena, G.M., and Baillie, S.R. (eds.). 2002. The Migration Atlas: movements of the birds of Britain and Ireland. Poyser, London. 884 pp. ICES WGSE Report 2004 27
Page 1 and 2: ICES Oceanography Committee ICES CM
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Introduction............
Page 5 and 6: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Participation Th
Page 7 and 8: egion, but its size and importance
Page 9 and 10: addition, mass mortality events on
Page 11 and 12: During autumn migration surprisingl
Page 13 and 14: Table 3.4.1. Score of the nine vuln
Page 15 and 16: It might be considered useful to di
Page 17 and 18: performance and climatic variables,
Page 19 and 20: Calculation of numbers of birds in
Page 21 and 22: Table 5.1. Relative species composi
Page 23 and 24: Table 5.4. Approximate numbers of s
Page 25: Table 5.8. Approximate food consump
Page 29 and 30: 6 CONSUMPTION OF PREY BY SEABIRDS I
Page 31 and 32: WGSE and ACE recommended in 2003 (I
Page 33 and 34: The present level is that around 60
Page 35 and 36: Kittiwake breeding success at Foula
Page 37 and 38: 7.7 Seabird population trends as an
Page 39 and 40: 8.2.1 UK (ICES IVa-c) Data on popul
Page 41 and 42: Table 8.2. Some breeding population
Page 43 and 44: Table 8.4. Some breeding population
Page 45 and 46: Table 8.5. Continued. HUNTING STATU
Page 47 and 48: Norwegian Institute for Nature Rese
Page 49 and 50: 10 ANNEXES Annex 1 List of particip
Page 51 and 52: Relation to strategic plan: Resourc
Page 53: English name Scientific name Goosan

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