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Protective bacteria and attractive pheromones Symbiosis and chemical communication in beewolves (Philanthus spp., Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Martin Kaltenpoth aus Hagen Würzburg 2006
Eingereicht am: ………………………………………………………………….…….………..… Mitglieder der Promotionskommission: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Martin J. Müller Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Erhard Strohm Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Roy Gross Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: ………………………………………………….………….….. Doktorurkunde augehändigt am: …………………………………………….……………………
Page 5: “We are symbionts on a symbiotic
Page 8 and 9: CHAPTER 4: MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRU
Page 10 and 11: 8.4 Results........................
Page 13: LIST OF PUBLICATIONS This thesis is
Page 16 and 17: major factor driving speciation and
Page 18 and 19: et al. 2002; Gil et al. 2003; Rio e
Page 20 and 21: eetles use for protection against p
Page 22 and 23: either benefit directly, if males v
Page 24 and 25: (Arnold 1925; Erlandsson 1962; Boha
Page 26 and 27: changing the direction of their bod
Page 28 and 29: Therefore, “bad” genes from the
Page 30 and 31: allow the assessment of male reprod
Page 32 and 33: Currie, C.R., Mueller, U.G. & Mallo
Page 34 and 35: Herzner, G., Schmitt, T., Linsenmai
Page 36 and 37: Mueller, U.G., Rehner, S.A. & Schul
Page 38 and 39: Stouthamer, R., Breeuwer, J.A.J. &
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 2 SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA PROTEC
Page 43 and 44: A promising candidate for such a pr
Page 45 and 46: actinomycete bacteria of the family
Page 47 and 48: unlikely that this association is l
Page 49 and 50: unspecific eubacterial probe EUB 33
Page 51: Strohm, E. 1995. Allokation elterli
Page 54 and 55:
3.3 ERGEBNISSE UND DISKUSSION Der B
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Aus evolutionären und ökologische
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CHAPTER 4 MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUC
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gland secretions are applied onto f
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gland cell units (according to Noir
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(fl) covering the reservoir opening
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4.4.2 Ultrastructure Scanning elect
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(C) Plasma membrane invaginations (
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e sequestered from the hemolymph, a
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Herzner, G., Schmitt, T., Linsenmai
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5.2 INTRODUCTION Many insects have
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5.3.3 DNA extraction, PCR and seque
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glands from which they are secreted
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The bacteria were clearly stained b
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actinomycete primers (Act-S20 and A
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endosymbionts are needed to confirm
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µg/ml), and beewolf cocoon agar (a
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CaCl2 MgCl2 0.15 g 0.05 g KCl 0.2 g
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Nyholm, S.V., Stabb, E.V., Ruby, E.
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6.2 INTRODUCTION Many insects harbo
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6.3.2 Gas chromatography - mass spe
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eewolf individuals (Fig. 6.2; Wilk
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Discriminant function 2 2 1 0 -1 -2
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6.5 DISCUSSION GC-MS analyses of th
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6.6 REFERENCES Aitchison, J. 1986.
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100
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7.2 INTRODUCTION Hymenoptera posses
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Cuticular hydrocarbons were obtaine
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Table 7.1: List of compounds in the
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(notably pentacosene and heptacosen
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unicellular epithelium (Strohm et a
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Dahbi, A., Cerda, X. & Lenoir, A. 1
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114
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8.2 INTRODUCTION Senescence is a pr
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heavily depends on her “quality
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transformed absolute amounts of the
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(S)-2,3-Dihydrofarnesoic acid acid
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Dihydrofarnesoic acid, nonadecenone
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Jones, T.M. & Hamilton, J.G.C. 1998
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9.2 INTRODUCTION Male sexual signal
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al. 2003; Kroiss et al. submitted).
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and kept in small polystyrol vials
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heptacosene > 0.55) (Fig. 9.1) (Kro
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pentacosen-8-one (C25one); a mixtur
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Populations in both data sets and,
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Table 9.2: Relative effects of fami
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9.5 DISCUSSION In the present study
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If female beewolves use the informa
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Herzner, G., Goettler, W., Kroiss,
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Strohm, E., Laurien-Kehnen, C. & Bo
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within their territory that is like
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to 0.900 (Table 10.1). Thus, there
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154
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Bin 1995; Bin et al. 1999; Isidoro
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symbionts are transmitted verticall
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vitamins and in sexual maturation o
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Additionally, the genome sequence o
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Optimal outbreeding The degree of k
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investigate the importance of in- a
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Age has an effect on both the amoun
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to confirm these results, a connect
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Baumann, L. & Baumann, P. 2005. Cos
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endosymbiont Streptomyces anulatus
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Lopez, P., Aragon, P. & Martin, J.
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Sagvik, J., Uller, T. & Olsson, M.
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180
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could be detected in closely relate
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184
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Genetische Analysen zeigen, dass di
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188
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Der Arbeitsgruppe Gadau/Feldhaar da
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192
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WS2005/06 Fortgeschrittenen-Praktik
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