2010 Overboard in the Mojave - Biological Science - California State ...

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To the north, the lower and upper parts of Member C are separated by the upper wedge of Member B. These two lacustrine layers of Member C were attributed to two distinct lake phases by Buwalda (1914) and Win- george t. jefferson Table 1. Radiometric and absolute dates from Lake Manix Basin Age yr BP Location Material Method Laboratory Source/s 11,810 + 100 Coyote Lake basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2609C Meek, 1990 12,900 + 120 Coyote Lake basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2606 Meek, 1990 13,560 + 145 Coyote Lake basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2609B Meek, 1990 13,800 + 600 Coyote Lake basin Anodonta shell 14 C La Jolla 958 Hubbs et al., 1965 14,230 + 1,325* Afton basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2601 Meek, 1989, 1990 15,025 + 230 Troy Lake basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2605 Meek, 1990 15,125 + 270 Coyote Lake basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2608 Meek, 1990 16,750 + 1,000 central Manix basin oncoid stromatolite 14 C UCLA 1079 Berger and Libby, 1967 17,950 + 1,500 Coyote Lake basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 6203 Meek, 1990 18,150 + 400 Afton basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2607 Meek, 1990 19,100 + 250 Manix basin D Anodonta shell 14 C QC 1467 R. Pardi, pers. comm., 1983; Jefferson, 1985a 19,300 + 400 Afton basin oncoid stromatolite 14 C UCLA 121 Fergusson and Libby, 1962 19,500 + 500 Afton basin oncoid stromatolite 14 C La Jolla 269 Hubbs et al., 1962 19,700 + 260 central Manix basin oncoid stromatolite 14 C UCLA 2600B Meek, 1990 20,500 + ? Afton basin Anodonta shell 14 C Yale Stuiver, 1969; Bassett and Jefferson, 1971 20,980 + 345 central Manix basin oncoid stromatolite 14 C UCLA 2602 Meek, 1990 21,300 + 1,710 Afton basin Anodonta shell 14 C — Meek, 1999 23,090 + 445 central Manix basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2600A Meek, 1990 28,960 + 2,490 Afton basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2601C Meek, 1999 29,310 + 310 Afton basin Anodonta shell 14 C CAMS 1856 Meek, 1999 30,650 + 890 Afton basin Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA 2604 Meek, 1990 30,950 + 1,000 Afton basin oncoid stromatolite 14 C La Jolla 895 Hubbs et al., 1965 35 + (infinite) Manix basin D Anodonta shell 14 C UCLA R. Berger, pers. comm., 1982; Jefferson, 1985a 47 + (infinite)** Manix basin D Anodonta shell 14 C Yale Stuiver, 1969; Bassett and Jefferson, 1971 47,700 + 2.0 Manix basin D Mammuthus bone U/Th USGS 81-48 J. Bischoff, pers. comm. 1982, 1983: Jefferson, 1985a 51,200 + 2.5 Manix basin D Hemiauchenia bone U/Th USGS 81-49 J. Bischoff, pers. comm. 1982, 1983: Jefferson, 1985a 60,300 + ? Manix basin D Mammalia bone U/Th USGS Budinger, 1992 68,000 + 4.0 Manix basin C Camelops bone U/Th USGS 81-51 J. Bischoff, pers. comm., 1982, 1983; Jefferson, 1985a 74,000 + ? Manix basin D Anodonta shell U/Th USGS Budinger, 1992 80,000 + ? Afton basin oncoid stromatolite U/Th — Meek, 2000 183,800 + 12.0 Manix basin C Camelops bone U/Th USGS 81-30 J. Bischoff, pers. comm., 1982, 1983; Jefferson, 1985a 185,000 + 15.0 Manix basin C tephra chemical — Bacon and Duffield, 1981; Izett, 1981 350 + (infinite) Manix basin B Equus bone U/Th USGS 80-51 J. Bischoff, pers. comm., 1982, 1983; Jefferson, 1985a Notes: Ages are uncorrected. Manix Formation Members (B through D) are designated where known. Meek (1990) provides corrected 14C ages for analyses from Manix basin and a discussion of the reliability of both Anodonta and oncoid stromatolite tufa determinations. * This age has been revised, UCLA 2601C (Meek 1999). ** The previously reported age of 49 + ka for this sample (Jefferson, 1985a) is an error. Figure 9. Eroded exposures of the Manix Formation. The view is to the east, from the north side of the Mojave River about 3 km east of Camp Cady. Light gray-green lacustrine silts and clays, Member C, are present in the foreground and to the left of the image. Fanglomerates of Member A form a 7 to 8 m-high bluff in the right mid-image. The Mojave River is to the right, and the Cady Mountains appear on the horizon. ters (1954). The two layers are well exposed to the east throughout the Afton basin (Ellsworth, 1933; Blackwelder and Ellsworth, 1936). In eastern Afton basin, Member C interfingers with, and is locally overlain by alluvial fan deposits shed to the north from the eastern Cady Mountains (Blackwelder and Ellsworth, 1936; Meek, 2000). A 0.5–1 m-thick pale yellowish-orange to grayish-orange, poorly bedded, moderately to well sorted, subrounded, medium-grained, quartz-rich arkose is commonly present where the base of lower Member C laps onto Member A and overlies the lower wedge of Member B. The arkose rests on light gray, rugose oncoids that have grown on clasts at the top of Members A and B (Fig. 8). Much of the avian and terrestrial vertebrate assemblage has been recovered from this timetransgressive littoral horizon. Three thin (0.1–0.15 m-thick), laterally persistent, grayish-orange, moderately well bedded, moderately well sorted, subrounded, medium-grained, quartz-rich arkose beds are present in the middle-upper part of Member C. These sandy horizons, like those at 44 2010 Desert Symposium
2010 Desert Symposium stratigraphy and paleontology of the middle to late pleistocene manix formation the base of lower Member C, probably reflect littoral, near-shore depositional conditions (Fig. 6). A 0.3–0.4 m-thick tephra of the Long Valley–Mono Glass Mountain family is present at the base of the upper part of Member C, 0.3 m above the top of the upper wedge of Member B (Fig. 6). It has been chemically correlated with tephra in the Long Canyon source area that date 185.0 ± 15.0 ka (Bacon and Duffield, 1981; Izett, 1981; Sarna- Wojcicki et al., 1984). This white, friable, well-sorted, fine-grained rhyolitic ash is composed of glass shards with minor amounts of biotite and quartz. A Camelops scapula fragment recovered 1.5 m above the ash provided a U/Th series age of 183.8 ± 12.0 ka (USGS 81–30) ( J.L. Bischoff, 1982, 1983, personal commun.) (Table 1) (Fig. 6). A U/Th series age of 68.0 ± 4.0 ka (USGS 81–51) ( J.L. Bischoff, 1982, 1983, personal commun.) (Table 1), was obtained from a Camelops humerus fragment from the mid-upper part of Member C, which was recovered 1 m above the highest of the three nearshore arkosic sands (Fig. 6). Member D. Member D conformably overlies Member C, and is overlain by late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. The member pinches out to the east and north against Members A, B and C, and thickens from ~4.6 m in Manix Wash, to >7.7 m to the west near Camp Cady (Fig. 7). Along the Mojave River, east of Camp Cady, exposures of Member D are composed entirely of light brown, poorly to moderately sorted, silty medium to coarse-grained arkose, and granule to cobble conglomerate lenses. Clasts include a wide variety of igneous and metamorphic lithologies transported by the ancestral Mojave River. South of Manix, Member D ranges in age from ca. 60 ka to 19 ka. U/Th series ages of 51.2 ± 2.5 ka (USGS 81-49) and 47.7 ± 2.0 ka (USGS 81-48) ( J.L. Bischoff, 1982, 1983, personal commun.) were obtained from a Hemiauchenia radius/ulna and Mammuthus femur Table 2. Camp Cady paleofauna taxonomic list Order Taxonomic identification Common name Crustacea Limnocythere bradburyi ostracode, water flea L. ceriotuberosa ostracode, water flea L. platyforma ostracode, water flea L. robusta ostracode, water flea Heterocypris sp. ostracode, water flea Pelecypoda Anodonta californiensis freshwater clam Pisidium compressum freshwater clam Gastropoda Valvata humeralis freshwater snail Fossaria modicella freshwater snail Planorbella ammon freshwater snail P. subcrenata freshwater snail Planorbella sp. ? P. tenuis freshwater snail Carinifex newberryi freshwater snail Gyraulus vermicularis freshwater snail Gyraulus sp. freshwater snail Vorticifex effusa freshwater snail Osteichthyes Gila bicolor mojavensis tui (Mojave) chub Gasterosteus aculeatus threespine stickleback Reptilia Clemmys marmorata western pond turtle Aves Gavia sp. cf. G. arctica Arctic loon Podiceps sp. cf. P. nigricollis eared grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis western grebe Pelecanus sp. aff. P. erythrorhynchos American white pelican Phalacrocorax auritus double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax macropus large-footed cormorant † Ciconia maltha stork † Phoenicopterus minutus small flamingo † Phoenicopterus copei Cope’s flamingo † Cygnus sp. cf. C. columbianus tundra swan Branta Canadensis Canada goose Anas sp. cf. A. crecca green-winged teal Anas sp. cf. A. platyrhynchos mallard Aythya sp. greater scaup or canvasback Mergus sp. cf. M. merganser common merganser Oxyura jamaicensis ruddy duck Haliaeetus leucophalus bald eagle Aquila chrysaetos golden eagle Fulica americana cf. F. a. minor small American coot † Grus sp. crane cf. Actitis sp. sandpiper Phalaropodinae phalarope subfamily Larus sp. cf. L. oregonus Oregon gull † Larus sp. gull (large-size) Bubo virginianus great horned owl MammaIia Megalonyx sp. ground sloth (medium-size) † Nothrotheriops sp. cf. N. shastensis Shasta ground sloth (small-size) † Paramylodon sp. ground sloth (large-size) † Mammuthus sp. mammoth † Lepus sp. jack rabbit Cricetidae mice Canis sp. cf. C. dirus dire wolf † C. latrans coyote Arctodus sp. short-faced bear † cf. Ursus sp. black bear Felis (Puma) sp. mountain lion Homotherium sp. cf. H. crenatidens scimitar-tooth cat, robust † Homotherium sp. cf. H. serum scimitar-tooth cat, gracile † Equus conversidens horse (small-size) † Equus sp. horse (large-size) † Camelops sp. cf. C. hesternus yesterday’s camel † Camelops sp. aff. C. minidokae Minidoka camel † Hemiauchenia macrocephala llama † Antilocapridae prong bucks Ovis canadensis mountain sheep Bison sp. cf. B. antiquus antique bison † Note: Data are in part from Jefferson (1985a, 1987). † extinct taxon 45
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Correlation of the Miocene Peach Sp
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Figure 1a. Locality and outcrop ref
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strontium prospects (Durrell, 1953)
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Mountains site contains 28% CaCO by
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Toomey Hills-Yermo Hills (Emerald B
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14.0 Ma (Pagnac, 2009). The Miocene
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Dokka, R.K. and C.J. Travis. 1990.
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Lister, K. H., 1970, Paleoecology o
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miocene and late pleistocene stickl
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75 years of fieldwork in the Barsto
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Paleomagnetism of Miocene volcanic
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paleomagnetism of miocene volcanic
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nite and monzodiorite while the met
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geology and tectonic development of
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Basalt is present east of the axis
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Schermer, E.R., Luyendyk, B.K., and
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Geology and ore genesis of epitherm
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geology and ore genesis of epitherm
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Figure 2. Cladoplebis sp. equal len
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Figure 8. c.f. Adocus sp. ogy to Gl
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Figure 13. Iguanodont tooth. Figure
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Hickey, L.J. and Doyle, J.A., 1977,
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3 are extremely rare. Member 4 is s
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new marine sites from member 4d of
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new marine sites from member 4d of
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Plantae Pieces of fossil wood (some
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A juvenile specimen of Archaeohippu
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Pagnac, D. C. 2009. Large mammal bi
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early pleistocene range extension f
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The first tungsten-mining boom at A
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Atolia in 1909. USGS Hess. Their sh
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them a fine concentrating propositi
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St. Elmo Dist. etc. What I would li
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article which was published in the
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in sight and that after a little fu
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from this mine.—In drilling for w
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little over 150 feet and runs about
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here and now brand as a deliberate
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[Excerpts:] Thomas McCarthy, the Ra
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Thermal infrared airborne hyperspec
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Figure 3. The Calipatria fault (CP)
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detection of ammonia venting on the
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Kirkland, L. E., K. C. Herr,, and J
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serve the full array of sensitive n
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exposure. The LCROSS experiment was
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Paleomagnetic and radiocarbon recor
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contrast, very little information i
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lakes between 25 and ~9.9 cal ka, e
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