Untitled - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble

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Figure 1.6: PhD student repartition in 2005. A: ASTROMOL; F: FOST; G: GRIL; S: SHERPAS • Astromol • FOST • GRIL – Discovery of doubly and triply deuterated molecules in low mass star forming regions, from the prestellar core to the proto-planetary phases. These studies have greatly contributed to the developement of a new class of models for the molecular deuteration. – Discovery and imaging of the hot corinos, warm and dense regions at the center of solar type protostars. These regions, whose sizes are comparable to those of the Solar System, are highly enriched of complex organic molecules. – High-accuracy multidimensional calculations of molecule-molecule and electron-molecule interactions, based upon advanced treatments of electronic correlation. – State-of-the-art calculations of molecule-molecule and electron-molecule inelastic collisional rates. These results, whose accuracy rivals available experiments, are of great importance for modelling of the interstellar gas from cold regions to harsh environments. – Direct images of planetary mass companions around 2 objects in young nearby associations: 2MASSW J1207334- 393254 (5 MJup at 55 AU) and AB Pic (13-14 MJup at 250AU) (Chauvin et al. 2004, 2005). These results were obtained with the NACO adaptive optics instrument, built in part at LAOG. – Dynamical masses: First astrometric mass determination for a planet, around Gliese 876b: 1.89 ±0.34MJup (Benedict et al. 2002). Similarly, astrometric meaurements of stellar masses in binary systems. Accuracies on the mass of a few percents are reached on nearby L dwarf 2MASSW J0746425+2000321 (Bouy et al. 2004) and ∼ 10% for young stars V773 Tau, DF Tau, and TWA 5 (Duchêne et al. 2003). – The Universality of the “present day” Mass Function observed down to at least 30 MJup (the sensitivity limit of the surveys carried) in several young open clusters (e.g., Moraux et al. 2005). – The very inner structure of young Herbig Be star MWC 297 revealed by NIR interferometry. For the first time, the respective contributions from the disk and the wind are separated spatially and spectrally within the inner 1AU of the central source. These results were obtained at the VLTI with the interferometric recombiner AMBER, built in part at LAOG (Malbet et al. 2005). – The NAOS (Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System) instrument for the VLT and the AMBER instrument for the VLTI, partially or fully integrated at LAOG, are now offered to the ESO astronomical community after successful commissioning and science verification phases (resp. early 2002 and early 2004). – The VLT-PF (“Planet Finder”) proposal for a second generation VLT instrument led by LAOG was selected by the ESO STC in April 2005 after a successfull 2-year phase A study, awaiting formal decision by the next ESO Council. – Magnetic or electrostatic deformable micro-mirrors have reached full functionality. Magnetic ones are now made available through industrial production and an LETI-LAOG electrostatic prototype is currently under test. 26
– First fringes in the H band with the IOTA 3 telescopes interferometer by means of an integrated optics beam combiner (Monnier et al. 2004, Kraus et al. 2005) and first formal demonstration of single mode guiding at 10 microns in the IODA project (Labadie et al. 2005). – Creation and development of the Centre Jean-Marie Mariotti (JMMC) with partners (Nice, and ASHRA). Consecutive creation of the European interferometry Initiative (EII) coupling interferometry networks of the OPTICON EC I3, and high-level involvement (PI, PSci) in three of its four JRAs. The goal of JMMC is to develop user-friendly software, and more generally preparation and advice, for the use and promotion of the VLTI. (See Appendix in chapter 20 • Sherpa – Transport of cosmic rays in chaotic magnetic fields. The knowledge of the diffusion coefficients of cosmic rays is crucial for astrophysical applications and especially for astroparticle physics, both for mastering the cosmic ray propagation and the efficiency of Fermi acceleration. They have been computed with a Monte Carlo simulation as a function of the cosmic ray rigidity and the spectrum of the magnetic field (characterized by its index and its degree of irregularities). It is found that the transverse diffusion coefficient follows a law which is nor Bohm nor quasi-linear, but a law that stems from the analysis of the spatial chaos of field lines. This result is important to estimate the confinement time of cosmic-rays in galaxies and in extragalactic jets (Casse et al. 2002). – Stationary accretion disks launching super-fast-magnetosonic waves. This is the last paper in the series on Magnetized Accretion-Ejection Structures (MAES), which represents the only available self-consistent model of a self-confined jet driven by an accretion disk (with the disk fully resolved), able to cross all three MHD critical points. Biases induced by the self-similarity contraints are discussed (Ferreira & Casse 2004). – On the relevance of subcritical turbulence to accretion disk transport. This paper solves a riddle dating back to the seventies, and which has given rise to an important controversy in the last ten years. Namely, it is shown that a linearly stable, keplerian hydrodynamic flow is indeed turbulent through non linear mechanisms, but that this turbulence has a low efficiency in terms of angular momentum transport, with a Shakura-Sunyaev parameter α < 10 −5 . The discrepancy between numerical simulations and laboratory experiments is explained away (Lesur & Longaretti 2005). – The bulk Lorentz factor crisis of TeV Blazars: evidence for an inhomogeneous pile-up energy distribution. It is shown that the theoretical Lorentz factors of Blazar jets are contradicted by the source statistics which implies Lorentz factors of order 3, whereas homogeneous models require 50 or more. The only way out of this conundrum is to take the jet stratification into account, so that high energy photons are not produced in the same region as low energy ones. Observations then require mono-energetic distribution functions whereas most models make use of power-law distributions. In contradistinction with the dominant view, this work shows that (1) jets do not need to be highly relativistic, and (2) turbulence rather than shocks is at the origin of the production of high energy particles (Henri & Saugé 2005). 1.2 Bibliography A major innovation is the creation of an automated bibliography. Visit http://www-laog.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr/Laog/publications.php. The principle is that, once a list of names (LAOG personnel, evolving if necessary) is provided, an automated request is sent to ADS every week. Thus, new publications (including ArXiv preprints) are regularly added to the bibliographical database. It is recognized that ADS does not cover all publications (for instance it does not access chemistry journals or some conferences), so that manual corrections and updates are still necessary, which is done under the responsibility of the LAOG authors. While this innovation (partly outsourced to a private software company) was implemented for the present Evaluation exercise, it is a long-term investment and an extremely useful tool that can be improved in the future (new names, new databases consulted, etc.). The major quantitative results emerging from the 2001-2005 report bibliography, available in a separate printed document are as follows: 2 2 The bibliography to be used for the present report (covering the period 2001-2005) is however not exactly identical to the web bibliography. In particular, care has been taken to weed out refereed papers of LAOG members before their arrival or after their 27
Page 3: LABORATOIRE D’ASTROPHYSIQUE DE GR
Page 6 and 7: III Team ASTROMOL 41 2 Presentation
Page 8 and 9: 8.1.3 Graduate Students . . . . . .
Page 10 and 11: VI Team SHERPA 145 15 Results 147 1
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Page 17: Part II Executive Summary A 18th ce
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Part IV TEAM FOST The first image o
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393254 (5MJup at 55 AU) & AB Pic (1
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2.2 µ m 0.5" 11.7 µ m Figure 6.1:
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Figure 6.3: Contribution of heating
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such mid-term (several weeks) magne
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systems: HD 141569, HD 32297, HD 18
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C2D Spitzer/IRAC and MIPS data of s
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et al. 2002; 2003). We have found t
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Figure 6.8: Distribution of separat
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with only three known to date. Most
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300 objects, a size sufficient for
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therefore no surprise that vast eff
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data to verify the predictions we a
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Chapter 8 Appendices 8.1 Members of
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equipments for these tasks, from de
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10.1.3 Current trend of large equip
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• Improving High Angular Resoluti
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Chapter 11 Results 11.1 Towards hig
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Figure 11.2: NAOS-CONICA image of t
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on PUEO at CFHT. The IFS experts (A
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Figure 11.5: Image of the binary st
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Figure 11.7: PICNIC low noise infra
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have taken responsibilities: A. Che
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Figure 11.10: thermal modeling of W
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Figure 12.1: All the GRIL projects
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12.2 Optical interferometry As for
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the VLTI. CHARA is equipped with an
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• ANR Alterdetect, with IMEP : si
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Mixed GRIL-other team profiles 1. A
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Name Grade Comm. Project Berger Jea
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• First fringes in the H band wit
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Table 15.1: List of the permanent S
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15.4 Transport phenomena in accreti
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Figure 15.2: Spectral energy distri
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states, combining a still powerful
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Excitation of turbulence by Cosmic
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Table 15.2: Former PhD students of
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Chapter 16 Perspectives The distinc
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Ray background. The second project
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164
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- Ceccarelli Cecilia (AT) - Delfoss
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Among the various areas of expertis
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-responsable du groupe ”logiciel
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Chef de l’ Equipe ASTROMOL du LAO
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jury de concours: 1 concours IR CNR
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Chapter 20 Appendix 4: The Jean Mar
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20.7 Production informatique ¡¢£
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20.10 Formation des utilisateurs La
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20.13 Darwin ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©�
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