Untitled - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble

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• Herschel-HIFI: Astromol is involved in the scientific preparation of the heterodyne instrument HIFI, on board the ESA satellite Herschel Space Observatory (HSO), which will be launched beginning 2008. One of the Astromol members (CC) is the coordinator of the team “Star Formation” for the use of the HIFI Guaranteed Time, and coordinator of the Herschel Key Program “Spectral Surveys of Star Forming Regions”. • FP6-THE MOLECULAR UNIVERSE is a network financed by the EC in the FP6 plan, in preparation of the Herschel mission. The goal of the network is to provide the tools for the best interpretation of observations of molecules in the space. This means computing the molecular data relevant for the astrophysical observations, as well as the development of astrophysical models for their interpretation. They are both among the goals of Astromol itself (§2.1), and, indeed Astromol plays a major role in several milestones of the network, as well as in its management. In addition, being a training network, a major goal is the formation of young researchers. Astromol is also a major actor in this aspect, helping in the preparation of the 2005 Summer School “Molecular Astrophysics” and offering a post-doc position. • ALMA: Astromol is involved in the preparation of the ALMA project, contributing to the project “Action Specific pour ALMA” (ASA) with two of its members (CK and PV). • Projets Nationaux: PCMI and PNPS. Astromol regularly obtains funds from PCMI since its creation, and participate to its board (BL). It substantially contributes to the scientific results of PCMI, with about 15% of refereed articles. Lately, Astromol has also obtained PNPS funds for the study of proto-planetary disks, in collaboration with FOST members (see §3.5). • CNRS/NSF project “Cyanopolyynes in the interstellar space”. Since 2004 Astromol (LW, CC, BL, AF, PV) received funds to collaborate with the University of California of Los Angeles (UCLA; M.Morris) in a project that aims to study the formation and evolution of cyanopolyynes in several regions of our Galaxy; from cold molecular clouds to star forming regions and regions close to the Galactic Center. • PAI vanGogh project “Proto-planetary disks”: since 2005 Astromol (CC and BL) has been funded to collaborate with the University of Amsterdam in a project which aims to study some key aspects of the physics and evolution of proto-planetary disks: the ionization in the disk midplane, the evolution of the dusty and gaseous components of the disk, and the effects of the disk irradiation from the central source. This project involves also members of the FOST team (see also §3.5). • JETSET : this is a EC FP6 network, described in detail in the FOST chapter. • CIMENT is UJF project “CIMENT” (Calcul Intensif, Modélisation, Expérimentation Numérique et Technologique), detailed in subsection “High Performance Computing” (§3.4). In addition, Astromol members have collaborations with several colleagues world wide: P.Caselli (Arcetri Obs., Italy), J.Cernicharo (Madrid, ES), Feigelson (Pen.State Un., USA), E.Herbst (Columbus, USA), D.Hollenbach (Nasa Ames, USA), J.Noga (Bratislava, SK), J.Tennyson (Un.Col.London, UK), X.Tielens (Groningen, NL), Moshe Elitzur (Univ. kentucky, USA) just to mention the most important collaborations. 48
Chapter 3 Results 3.1 Overview In this chapter we will briefly describe the activity of Astromol, enlightening the major results achieved during the period 2002-2005. This chapter is structured into three sections. The first section describes the results relative to the “Star Formation” activity, while the second section reports the results relative to the “Molecular Physics” studies. A third section will describe in detail the research about the “Proto-planetary Disks”, which is a “meeting point” of the Astromol and FOST teams. This is treated as a separate section to emphasize the synergy between the two LAOG teams on such an important and hot field of research. Before giving a brief description of the overall activities, we report here the three most important results achieved by the Astromol team in the last four years. They are: i) The study of the molecular deuteration in the regions of low mass star formation: Astromol, in collaboration with WAGOS, had and keeps having an important role in this field of research, with the discovery of doubly and triply deuterated molecules with D/H ratios enhanced by up to 13 orders of magnitudes with respect to the D/H elemental abundance ratio (e.g. Parise et al. 2004). We are proud to say that our first results on the subject, starting from 1998 (Ceccarelli et al. A&A 338, L43), have given a new élan to this field, and triggered a flurry of new observations and new theories about the molecular deuteration in cold and dense gas. It is important to emphasize that the new observational and theoretical framework of molecular deuteration has lead to recognize not only the role of the grain surface and gas phase chemistry during the pre-collapse phase, but also to identify the only way we have to probe the innermost regions of the pre-stellar cores and the midplane of proto-planetary disks : the H2D + and HD + 2 ground transitions in the submillimeter (Caselli et al. 2003; Ceccarelli et al. 2004). They not only give us the information about the dynamics in those regions, but also, and not least, the measure of the gas degree of ionization, a key quantity in both classes of objects (Ceccarelli & Dominik 2005. Our leading role in these studies is testified by the several invitations to international congresses to review the subject (for a list of our articles on this subject see §3.2.2). ii) The chemical composition of the envelopes of the youngest low mass protostars, and the discovery of the hot corinos, warm and dense regions where complex organic molecules are abundantly formed (Cazaux et al. 2003). Astromol, in collaboration with WAGOS, had and keeps having a leading role on this field, as testified by the several invitations to international congresses to give reviews on the subject. We were the first to predict the existence of warm and dense regions around low mass protostars (Ceccarelli et al. 2000, A&A 357, L9), and to prove it with several observations. The most important findings is that these regions have sizes comparable to those of our Solar System (few tens of AUs; Maret et al. 2004), and that complex organic molecules are formed there, against the first theoretical expectations. We were also the first to obtain the resolved images of the first discovered hot corino (around IRAS16293-2422: Bottinelli et al. 2004b) with the PdB interferometer in two complex organic molecules. iii) Considerable progress has been achieved in the accurate determination of intermolecular interactions with the combination of explicitely correlated ab-initio approaches and multi-dimensional investigations. In 49
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Chapter 8 Appendices 8.1 Members of
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equipments for these tasks, from de
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10.1.3 Current trend of large equip
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on PUEO at CFHT. The IFS experts (A
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have taken responsibilities: A. Che
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Figure 12.1: All the GRIL projects
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states, combining a still powerful
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Excitation of turbulence by Cosmic
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