An Assessment of the Consistency of Hungary's Media Laws with ...

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Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... viii Report Overview .............................................................................................................xvii 1. Media Authority: independence ............................................................................... 1 Findings............................................................................................................................... 5 Expert assessments Austria ......................................................................................................................... 8 Belgium .................................................................................................................... 10 Denmark ................................................................................................................... 12 Ireland ....................................................................................................................... 14 Italy ........................................................................................................................... 15 Netherlands ............................................................................................................... 17 Sweden ...................................................................................................................... 20 Switzerland ................................................................................................................ 22 UK ............................................................................................................................ 24 2. Media Authority: centralised structure ....................................................................27 Findings............................................................................................................................. 31 Expert assessments Finland ...................................................................................................................... 33 Italy .......................................................................................................................... 35 UK ............................................................................................................................ 36 3. Media laws’ scope: regulating print and online press ..............................................39 Findings............................................................................................................................. 44 Expert assessments Austria ....................................................................................................................... 46 France ....................................................................................................................... 48 Italy ........................................................................................................................... 50 Lithuania ................................................................................................................... 53 Portugal ..................................................................................................................... 55 Slovenia ..................................................................................................................... 59 Sweden ...................................................................................................................... 61 Switzerland ................................................................................................................ 64 4. Public service media................................................................................................66 Findings............................................................................................................................. 71 Expert assessments 4.1 Appointing directors of public media ........................................................................... 74 Austria ....................................................................................................................... 74 Czech Republic ......................................................................................................... 75 Finland ...................................................................................................................... 77 France ....................................................................................................................... 79 Switzerland ................................................................................................................ 80 UK ............................................................................................................................ 82 4.2 Centralisation of public service media news production ............................................... 84 Austria ....................................................................................................................... 84 vi • Hungarian Media Laws in Europe
Italy ........................................................................................................................... 85 UK ............................................................................................................................ 87 4.3 Public service media funding ....................................................................................... 88 Finland ...................................................................................................................... 88 5. Media Authority: powers .........................................................................................90 5.1 Tendering and licensing ............................................................................................... 90 Findings............................................................................................................................. 94 Expert assessments France ....................................................................................................................... 95 Germany ................................................................................................................... 96 5.2. The Media Commissioner ........................................................................................... 98 Findings........................................................................................................................... 100 Expert assessments Finland ................................................................................................................... 102 Ireland ..................................................................................................................... 103 Lithuania ................................................................................................................. 105 6. Data disclosure .....................................................................................................107 Findings........................................................................................................................... 111 Expert assessments Denmark ................................................................................................................. 113 Estonia .................................................................................................................... 114 Italy ......................................................................................................................... 116 Lithuania ................................................................................................................. 117 7. Sanctions ..............................................................................................................119 Findings........................................................................................................................... 125 Expert assessments Czech republic ....................................................................................................... 129 Denmark ................................................................................................................ 131 Estonia ................................................................................................................... 133 Finland ........................................................................................................... 135, 137 France ..................................................................................................................... 139 Germany ........................................................................................................ 141, 143 Ireland .................................................................................................................... 146 Italy ........................................................................................................................ 148 Latvia ..................................................................................................................... 151 Lithuania ................................................................................................................ 153 Poland .................................................................................................................... 155 Portugal .................................................................................................................. 158 Slovakia .................................................................................................................. 161 Slovenia .................................................................................................................. 164 UK ......................................................................................................................... 167 Annexes.................. ...................................................................................................169 Expert biographies ................................................................................................... 169 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 175 Laws referenced (by country) ................................................................................... 177 Hungarian Media Laws in Europe • vii
Page 1 and 2: An Assessment of the Consistency of
Page 3 and 4: Contributors Lead researcher and ed
Page 5: SLOvAkiA Andrej Školkay, PhD, Prof
Page 9 and 10: executive summary to freedom of exp
Page 11 and 12: executive summary Media Authority,
Page 13 and 14: executive summary by comparison, is
Page 15 and 16: executive summary Conclusions These
Page 17 and 18: Report overview This report present
Page 19 and 20: 1/Media Authority: independence Hun
Page 21 and 22: 1/Media authority: independence nom
Page 23 and 24: 1/Media authority: independence 1/F
Page 25 and 26: 1/Media authority: independence reg
Page 27 and 28: 1/Media authority: independence sta
Page 29 and 30: 1/Media authority: independence as
Page 31 and 32: 1/Media authority: independence of
Page 33 and 34: 1/Media authority: independence (d)
Page 35 and 36: 1/Media authority: independence to
Page 37 and 38: 1/Media authority: independence Aut
Page 39 and 40: 1/Media authority: independence mem
Page 41 and 42: 1/Media authority: independence Act
Page 43 and 44: 1/Media authority: independence a n
Page 45 and 46: 2/Media Authority: centralised stru
Page 47 and 48: 2/Media authority: centralised stru
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3/Media laws’ scope: regulating p
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3/Media law scope: regulating print
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4/Public service media these outlet
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4/Public service media Free-press a
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4/Public service media 4.1/Findings
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4/Public service media 4.3/Findings
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4/Public service media The director
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4/Public service media The present
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4/Public service media Example cite
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4/Public service media • • •
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4/Public service media the death of
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4/Public service media 2001). In ad
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4/Public service media Example cite
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4/Public service media by the YLE.
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5/media authority: PowerS applicati
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5/media authority: PowerS effect on
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5/media authority: PowerS 5.1/Exper
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5/media authority: PowerS In additi
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5/media authority: PowerS Judit Bay
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5/media authority: PowerS online pr
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5/media authority: PowerS However,
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5/media authority: PowerS between t
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6/Data disclosure The Hungarian Med
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6/DATA DISCLOSURE Authority’s req
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6/DATA DISCLOSURE 6/Findings: Data
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6/DATA DISCLOSURE 6/Expert assessme
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6/DATA DISCLOSURE not wish to give
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6/DATA DISCLOSURE enforce the appli
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7/Sanctions Under Hungary’s new m
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7/SanctionS 2 million (EUR 7,220) f
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7/SanctionS Convention, regardless
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7/SanctionS 7/Findings: Sanctions A
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7/SanctionS has produced an extensi
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7/SanctionS 7/Expert assessments: S
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7/SanctionS Example cited by Hungar
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7/SanctionS the courts. Appeals do
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7/SanctionS three months. The judge
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7/SanctionS appeals tribunals (Ober
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7/SanctionS down a telemedia servic
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7/SanctionS an individual broadcast
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7/SanctionS Hence, the statement ab
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7/SanctionS As noted above, Electro
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7/SanctionS interference with activ
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7/SanctionS An exception was in 200
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7/SanctionS define levels of infrin
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7/SanctionS broadcasting images of
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7/SanctionS The RVR can impose a fi
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7/SanctionS in fact specifies numer
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Country experts: Biographies AUSTRI
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EXPERTS’ biogRaPhiES as well as n
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EXPERTS’ biogRaPhiES new media. H
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METhoDoLogY Methodology This projec
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LawS REfEREncED Laws referenced (by
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LawS REfEREncED FINLAND Laws Act on
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LawS REfEREncED Press Freedom Act,
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LawS REfEREncED Law on Protection o
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LawS REfEREncED SwEDEN Laws Freedom
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