ecological effects of marine protected areas empafish project ...
ecological effects of marine protected areas empafish project ...
ecological effects of marine protected areas empafish project ...
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EMPAFISH Booklet no. 1 Ecological <strong>effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> Atlanto-Mediterranean MPAs in the EU<br />
� Indirect <strong>effects</strong> (trophic cascades, changes in assemblage)<br />
Sea urchin densities, the extent <strong>of</strong> coralline barrens and the structure <strong>of</strong> algal<br />
and invertebrate benthic assemblages showed clear variation associated with<br />
exposure <strong>of</strong> the coastline to dominant wind and waves, but weak <strong>effects</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
protection from human use (Micheli et al. 2005). Densities <strong>of</strong> the black sea<br />
urchin Arbacia lixula were greater along the windward than along the leeward<br />
sides <strong>of</strong> the islands, and were positively correlated with the extent <strong>of</strong> coralline<br />
barrens. Opposite pattern <strong>of</strong> abundance was observed for the purple sea<br />
urchin Paracentrotus lividus, which showed indirect responses to protection at<br />
Giannutri. These findings indicated that indirect <strong>effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> fishing and recovery<br />
<strong>of</strong> assemblages within MPAs in the Tuscany Archipelago through cascading<br />
trophic interactions varied depending on local physical conditions and on the<br />
characteristics <strong>of</strong> locally dominant species.<br />
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