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EMPAFISH Booklet no. 1 Ecological effects of Atlanto-Mediterranean MPAs in the EU 2005) bottom morphology did not exert a detectable effect, probably due to greater habitat similarities among the localities that were being compared. Studies describing fish assemblages at multiple scales (e.g. Williams and Hatcher 1983; Galzin 1987; Holbrook et al. 2000; Gust et al. 2001) have usually found that habitat type explains small-to-medium patchiness in fish assemblage structure. Distinguishing the relative contribution of habitat structure can help to elucidate the actual effects of protection (Jennings et al. 1996; García Charton et al. 2000, 2004). 8
EMPAFISH Booklet no. 1 Ecological effects of Atlanto-Mediterranean MPAs in the EU 3 Ecological effects in EMPAFISH case studies 3.1 General view The analyses to be carried out in EMPAFISH will be based on existing data on ecological, fisheries, and socio-economic aspects of already established, wellstudied MPAs selected as case studies (Fig. 1). It is to be underlined that most of the data available to this project were generated by the participants in previous projects funded by the EU. In addition, some new work is to be done to obtain missing information that is required to perform a more comprehensive analysis. In the following sections, the ecological research on the 20 case studies to date is summarised. Authorship of each section is detailed in the annexed list of contributors. Figure 1 Location of case studies considered in the EMPAFISH project (correspondence of numbers with names of MPAs are indicated below). 16 17 15 14 1 23 4 5 8 7 9 10 6 11 18 13 12 1 23 4 5 8 7 9 10 6 11 18 13 12 19 20 1 Cabo de Palos - I. Hormigas 11 Bouches de Bonifacio 2 Tabarca 12 Ustica Is. 3 San Antonio 13 Gulf of Castellamare 4 Sierra Gelada & Benidorm islets 14 La Graciosa 5 Columbretes Is. 15 La Restinga 6 Anti-trawling zones (SE Spain) 16 Monte da Guia - Faial 7 Medes Is. 17 Formigas Islets - Dollabarat Bank 8 Cerbère – Banyuls 18 Tuscany archipelago 9 Parc marin de la Côte Bleue 19 25 NM FMZ around Malta 10 Sinis - Mal di Ventre 20 Rdum Majjiesa/Ras Ir-Raheb 9
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