Paints and Coatings Auxiliaries for the coating of surfaces - Clariant

Pigments & Additives Division 

Coating Business 

Paints and Coatings 

Auxiliaries for the coating of surfaces – 

Licowax ® and Ceridust ® 

Exactly your chemistry.

Paints and Coatings 

Contents 

Function of waxes 4 

Product range 8 

Properties 10 

Test methods 14 

Application 14 

General information on 

the processing of waxes 18 

Ceridust and 

water-based Coatings 21 

UV reactive waxes 22 

Examples of formulations 

for special applications 23 

Safety data 28 

Transport and storage 30 

Suppliers 31 

2 

> Auxiliaries for the coating of surfaces 

> Licowax and Ceridust

Function of waxes 

Waxes are incorporated in paints 

and coatings to achieve or improve 

the following properties: 

Ester waxes based on crude montan wax 

4 

Licowax KLE 

Polyethylene waxes 

Licowax PE 520 

Licowax PED 521 

Licowax PED 522 

Ceridust 

Ceridust 3620 

Ceridust 9615 A 

Ceridust 6721 

Ceridust 3715 

Ceridust 2440 

Ceridust 3719 

Ceridust 9610 F 



TP Ceridust 3921 F 


Matting Improving 

mar resistance 

Outstandingly effective 

Enhancing 

antiblocking 

behaviour 

Improving 

sandability 

Improving 

slip 

Good effectiveness in most formulations 

Improving 

handle

Improving Steering Preventing Water Preventing Orientation Texturing 

smoothness rheological pigment repellency metal agent 

properties settling marking for effect 

pigments 

5

6 

Ceridust 

TP Ceridust 9322 F 

Ceridust 3910 

Ceridust 5551 

TP Ceridust 5091 

TP Ceridust 5851 R 



TP Ceridust 6050 M 

Waxes based on other raw materials 

Licowax C micropowder 

Licowax 371 FP 

Licowax R 21 

Matting Improving 

mar resistance 

Enhancing 

antiblocking 

behaviour 

Improving 

sandability 

Improving 

slip 

Outstandingly effective Good effectiveness in most formulations 

Improving 

handle

Improving Steering Preventing Water Preventing Orientation Texturing 

smoothness rheological pigment repellency metal agent 

properties settling marking for effect 

pigments 

7

Product range 

Waxes and wax micropowders 

based on raw montan wax 

Licowax KLE is an ester wax which 

already contains the optimum amount 

of emulsifier. 

Ceridust 5551 is a micronized ester 

wax. Due to its polar character it 

is best suited for use in aqueous 

systems. 


based on polyethylene wax 

Licowax PE 520 is a colorless, odourless, 

hard, partially branched-chain 

polyethylene wax of low density. 

Because of its molecular structure 

Licowax PE 520 has a pronounced 

matting effect on paint. It is readily 

dispersible in hot solvent and produces 

fine dispersions with good resistance 

to settling. 

8 

Licowax PED 521 and Licowax PED 

522 are partially branched-chain 

polar polyethylene waxes. 

The Ceridust grades are micropowders 

produced by a special process. 

Ceridust 3620 is a linear, hard polyethylene 

wax. Ceridust 9615 A is a 

modified linear polyethylene wax. 

Ceridust 6721 is a new brand of a 

PP blend offering good matting 

and outstanding soft-feel effect. 

Ceridust 3715 and 3719 are noted for 

their excellent wettability by water or 

other polar solvents. Ceridust 9610 F, 

Ceridust 9630 F, Ceridust 9325 F and 

TP Ceridust 9322 F are hard polyethylene 

waxes of linear structure whose 

effect is optimized by polytetrafluoroethylene 

(PTFE). They are noted for 

excellent slip. 

Ceridust 3920 F and TP Ceridust 3921 F 

are PTFE modified polyethylene waxes 

with a very low average particle size 

diameter of approx. 6.0 µm. Therefore 

they are especially suitable for improving 

the surface lubricity and slip 

properties in thin film applications. 

The Ceridust grades can be finely 

dispersed in paints of different systems 

simply and with little mechanical 

energy.


based on other raw materials 

Licowax C micropowder is a hard 

highmelting-point amide wax that can 

be easily ground and dispersed owing 

to its brittleness. 

Ceridust 3910 is an especially finegrain 

micropowder based on amide 

wax; it can be processed with ease 

due to its small particle size. Both 

wax micropowders exhibit slip which 

is advantageous in deformation and 

sanding work. 

The Ceridust grades 9202 F and 

9205 F are a low molecular weight 

PTFE characterized by antisticking 

properties and a related surface 

effect. 

Licowax 371 FP is a flexible polymer 

with waxlike properties and has 

proved effective as an anti-settling 

agent for pearl-gloss pigments for 

example. 

Licowax R 21 is a saponified hydrocarbon 

wax which forms particularly 

small particle size and stable 

dispersions in organic solvents. 

9

Properties 1) 

Ester waxes based 

on crude montan wax 

Licowax KLE – – 85 

Polyethylene Waxes 

Licowax PE 520 – – 120 

Licowax PED 521 – – 106 

Licowax PED 522 – – 105 

Ceridust 

Ceridust 3620 8.5 13.0 125 

Ceridust 9615 A 6.5 12.0 140 

Ceridust 6721 7.0 13.0 154 

Ceridust 3715 8.5 14.0 125 

Ceridust 2440 8.5 13.0 116 

Ceridust 3719 13.0 22.0 116 

Ceridust 9610 F 8.5 15.0 125 

Ceridust 9630 F 8.5 15.0 130 * 

Ceridust 3920 F 6.0 10.0 125 

TP Ceridust 3921 F 6.0 10.0 125 

Ceridust 9325 F 8.5 15.0 125 

The delivery specifications are 

given in the relevant data sheets. 

10 

Particle size 2), Average analytical values % 

50 % value µm 90 % value µm 

d 50 

1) = The DGF standard methods can be obtained 

from the Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft 

mbH, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, D-70191 

Stuttgart-N. Slight deviations may occur 

when testing to DIN or ASTM standards. 

2) = Laser diffraction method 

d 90 

* = Softening point 

Drop point 

°C

Acid Acid value value Saponification Saponification value value Density Density Color Color Form Form supplied supplied 

mg mg KOH/g KOH/g mg mg KOH/g KOH/g at at 23 23 °C °C 

g/cm 3 g/cm 3 

30 105 1.01 yellowish flakes 

0 0 0.93 white powder, granules, grain 3) 

17 – 0.95 almost white flakes 


0 – 0.97 white micronized powder 








≤ 1 – 1.00 white micronized powder 



3) = Fine grain: up to about 2 mm with no 

restrictions on the fineness content. 

11

Ester waxes based 

on crude montan wax 

TP Ceridust 9322 F 6.0 10.0 125 

Ceridust 3910 6.5 12.0 142 

Ceridust 5551 8.5 14.0 98 

TP Ceridust 5091 9.0 14.0 113 

TP Ceridust 5851 R 9.0 15.0 77 

Ceridust 9202 F 4.0 8.0 327 ** 

Ceridust 9205 F 8.0 18.0 326 ** 

TP Ceridust 6050 M 8.5 14.0 145 

Waxes based on 

other raw materials 

Licowax C micropowder – < 50.0 142 

Licowax 371 FP – – 101 

Licowax R 21 – – 106 

The delivery specifications are 

given in the relevant data sheets. 

12 

Particle size 2), Average analytical values % 

50 % value µm 90 % value µm 

d 50 

d 90 

2) = Laser diffraction method * = Softening point 

Drop point 

°C 

** = Melting point, test method: 

differential scanning calorimetry

Acid value Saponification value Density Color Form supplied 

mg KOH/g mg KOH/g at 23 °C 

g/cm 3 



15 – 1.00 yellowish micronized powder 




0 – 2.20 almost white micronized powder 


6 – 1.00 white micropowder 


5 – 0.94 white flakes 

13

Test methods 

Drop point DIN 51 801/2 

ASTM D 127 

Softening point DIN EN 1427 

ASTM E 28 / D 36 

Acid value DIN EN ISO 3682 

ASTM D 1386 

Saponification DIN EN ISO 3681 

value ASTM D 1387 

Density DIN 53 479 

Application 

ASTM D 1505 

The mode of action of the Licowax 

and Ceridust grades summarized in 

section “Function of Waxes” opens 

up many uses for these products in 

the paint and coatings sector. 

14 

Matting 

The so-called matt effect of paints and 

other surface coatings is produced by 

a large number of microscopically 

small particles that reflect the incident 

light diffusely. The particle size is of 

crucial importance. Particles visible to 

the eye with a diameter of >20 µm do 

not produce a good matt effect. 

The ideal particle size is about 10 µm. 

Particles with a diameter

Enhancing antiblocking behaviour 

The micronized waxes Ceridust 9615 A, 

Ceridust 6721, Ceridust 9610 F and 

Ceridust 9630 F have proved particularly 

successful in producing an antiblocking 

effect in solvent-containing 

paints. Ceridust 9615 A exhibits the 

smallest and Ceridust 9630 F the 

greatest effect. 


are primarily suitable for can and coil 

coatings where low COF is required. 

A special grade of PTFE will impart 

superior slip and anti-blocking 

properties. 

Improving sandability 

In lacquers based on polyurethane, 

in acid-curing lacquers and furniture 

lacquers based on nitrocellulose, the 

addition of Licowax C micropowder 

has proved successful in improving the 

sandability of primers. So that the wax 

can function optimally, it should first 

be dispersed in a solvent suited to the 

recipe with the help of a bead mill, for 

example (see page 24). 

Influencing the rheological properties 

Licowax PED 521 and Licowax PED 522 

have proved highly successful for 

preventing sagging and running of 

alkyd resin paints (page 25). 

Preventing pigment settling 

Even small quantities of Ceridust 

9615 A – 0.5 % to 1.5 % relative to the 

binder – delay the settlement of pigments 

and fillers to form a hard sediment. 

Sediments do form after some 

time but are easily redispersed. An 

even more effective way of preventing 

settling is to use Licowax PE 520 as 

a 10 % dispersion. Preparation of the 

dispersion is described under 

“Preparation of a wax dispersion” 

on page 18. 

In order to improve the settling behaviour 

of pearl-gloss pigments, 

Licowax 371 FP can be used and is 

added as a 6 % dispersion to the paint 

system. Preparation of this dispersion 

is described on page 15 in section 

“Licowax 371 FP”. 

Making paints water-repellent 

Ceridust 9615 A is suitable for making 

protective wood finishes and protective 

wood stains water-repellent. 2 % 

to 6 % of the product incorporated 

in the finished paint give the film good 

water repellency at the initial drying 

stage; in addition excellent film 

smoothness is achieved (page 25). 

Preventing metal markings 

No metal markings of any kind may 

occur when metal tools are used on 

coated steel strip (coil-coated metal). 

This is achieved by adding Ceridust 

9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F, Ceridust 

3920 F or TP Ceridust 3921 F. 

These Ceridust grades have proved 

successful with highly matt coil 

coatings. Furthermore, the painted 

surface should be as insensitive as 

possible, so that in everyday domestic 

use contact with metallic objects 

does not leave any marks (table 1). 

Superior surface slip 


are modified PE wax/PTFE blends that 

are primarily suitable for giving additional 

surface slip. The very low mean 

particle size diameter of only 6 µm 

makes TP Ceridust 9322 F extremely 

valuable for any thin film application. 

15

Table 1 

Test results with a paint recommended chiefly for painting refrigerators 

and washing machines. 

16 

Matting agent 

Figure 1: 

Settling behaviour of matting agents in a nitrocellulose lacquer. Observation period 4 weeks. 

* In nitrocellulose lacquer, 20 % predispersed 

Incorporation at 

3000 rpm in min 

Matting agent 

content in % 

Ceridust 9615 A 1 15 2 

2 60 2 

Silica 3 15 2 

4 60 2 

Ceridust 9615 A and 5 15 2 

Silica 1:1 

Ceridust 9615 A* 6 15 2 

Paint without wax 5 5 4 4 

Paint with wax 

Paint stoved 10 min. at 80°C 

Metal marking by Brass Copper Gold Aluminium 

1 % Ceridust 9610 F 4 4 2 2 

2 % Ceridust 9610 F 2 2 1 1 

3 % Ceridust 9610 F 2 . . . 3 2 1 1 . . . 2 

1 % Ceridust 9630 F 3 . . . 4 3 . . . 4 2 2 

2 % Ceridust 9630 F 1 . . . 2 1 . . . 2 1 1 

3 % Ceridust 9630 F 2 2 1 . . . 2 1 . . . 2 

1 % Ceridust 3920 F 4 4 2 2 

2 % Ceridust 3920 F 2 2 1 1 

3 % Ceridust 3920 F 2 . . . 3 2 1 1 . . . 2 

Assessment: 

1 = No metal marking 

2 = Trace of metal marking 

3 = Slight metal marking 

4 = Some metal marking 

5 = Distinct metal marking 

The quantities added are relative 

to the total formulation.

Paint stoved 10 min at 140°C 

Brass Copper Gold Aluminium 

5 5 4 4 

3 2 2 1 

2 2 1 1 

2 . . . 3 2 1 1 . . . 2 

2 . . . 3 2 2 1 

1 . . . 2 1 . . . 2 1 1 

2 2 1 . . . 2 1 . . . 2 

3 2 2 1 

2 2 1 1 

2 . . . 3 2 1 1 . . . 2 

17

General information on 

the processing of waxes 

The waxes described here are insoluble 

at room temperature in the common 

paint solvents. They dissolve only at 

elevated temperatures in aromatic 

and a number of aliphatic solvents, 

mainly nonpolar hydrocarbons. When 

the wax/solvent mixture cools, the 

wax precipitates with varying degrees 

of crystallinity and remains finely 

dispersed in the solvent. By altering 

the type and quantity of the components 

and the dispersion method, it is 

possible to vary the dispersing operation 

considerably so as to achieve 

differences in the structure of the 

particles and the degree of dispersion 

and thus in the consistency of the 

dispersion. 

Similar fine dispersions can be produced 

using Ceridust without hot precipitation. 

These micronized powders offer the 

following advantages: 

> No heating of wax and 

solvent required. 

> No solvent vapours arise. 

> The risk of fire is reduced 

to a minimum. 

> Necessary dispersing machines are 

in operation for a short time only, 

thus saving time and energy. 

> Processing is environmentally safe. 

18 

Additions of 1% to 5 % wax, relative to 

the ready-to-use paint, have proved 

successful in practice. Higher additions 

are likely to cause impairment of 

the paint film in the form of chalking, 

cratering, pinholing and deterioration 

of recoating properties and intercoat 

adhesion. 


The Licowax PE 520, which is supplied 

in the form of granules, fine grain and 

powder, cannot be incorporated directly 

into paint systems. It is necessary first 

to produce fine wax particles by dissolving 

and precipitating the product. 

The following methods are suitable: 

> Hot precipitation 

Heat 2 parts by weight Licowax PE 

520 with 18 parts by weight solvent, 

mainly composed of aromatics, to 

about 100 °C; the resultant solution 

must be clear. Stir this solution into 

80 parts by weight cold paint. With 

this procedure the wax is precipitated 

in the paint in a very finely 

dispersed form and has hardly any 

tendency to settle. 

> Preparation of a wax dispersion 

An approx. 10 % dispersion in xylene 

can be prepared by the following 

simple method: Heat 10 parts by 

weight Licowax PE 520 and 30 parts 

by weight xylene to about 100 °C, 

thereby dissolving the wax. After 

cooling the solution to about 96 °C 

stir into 60 parts by weight cold 

xylene. 1% to 5 % wax in the paint 

is recommended depending on the 

matt effect required.

Licowax PED 521, Licowax PED 522 

Dissolve 20 to 30 parts by weight 

Licowax PED 521 or Licowax PED 522 

at about 90 °C in 80 to 70 parts by 

weight xylene or white spirit. Cool the 

hot solution to room temperature with 

slight stirring and incorporate in the 

paint (page 25). 

Licowax 371 FP 

Heat 6 parts by weight Licowax 371 FP 

and 30 parts by weight xylene to 

100 °C and cool while stirring to 75 °C. 

After reaching this temperature, 

the solution is diluted with 64 parts by 

weight butyl acetate 98/100 % while 

stirring and cooled to room temperature. 

The wax content in the finished 

paint should be about 1-2 %. 

Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust 6721 

The micronized powders can be stirred 

directly into the paint. A minimum 

mixing time of 15 minutes is advisable 

to ensure satisfactory wetting of the 

individual wax particles (page 22). 

However, it is expedient first to prepare 

a stock paste. It is sufficient to admix 

20-30 % Ceridust micropowder with a 

suitable solvent and to stir the batch 

for about 15 minutes. Very homogeneous 

dispersions with good stability to 

settling are obtained by the additional 

use of a small amount of binder. This 

procedure is particularly recommended 

when other paint additives such as 

silica are also included in the paint 

formulation. 

19

Ceridust 3910 

Ceridust 3910 has very fine particles. 

It can be stirred slowly direct into the 

paint system (normally 1 % to 2 %). 

The stirring time should be at least 

10 minutes. Subsequent thickening of 

such dispersions may occur. In this 

case the viscosity can be lowered by 

stirring again thoroughly. 

Licowax C micropowder 

Very fine dispersions with a maximum 

solids content of 15 % and an average 

particle size of about 3.5 µm can be 

produced by dispersing Licowax C 

micropowder in the appropriate 

solvent in a bead, sand or ball mill. 

20 

Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F, 

Ceridust 3920 F, TP Ceridust 3921 F, 

Ceridust 9325 F, TP Ceridust 9322 F 

Like all Ceridust grades, these products 

can be stirred directly into the paint 

system. An addition of 0.8 to 1.5 % by 

weight is sufficient in view of the high 

efficacy of the different PTFE contents 

of the Ceridust grades 9610 F, 9630 F, 

3920 F, 3921 F, 9325 F and 9322 F. 

The mixing time should be at least 15 

minutes to achieve adequate wetting 

of the individual wax particles. 

Ceridust 9630 F in particular, with its 

higher PTFE content, should be mixed 

in the form of a masterbatch into the 

binder and then added to the paint. In 

a highly mobile paint Ceridust 9630 F 

tends to settle because of its higher 

density. 

Ceridust 9202 F, Ceridust 9205 F 

These pure PTFE grades can be processed 

similarly to Ceridust 9630 F. 

Quantity added: 0.3 to 0.8 % by weight.

Ceridust and waterbased 

Coatings 

Ceridust 3715, Ceridust 2440, 

Ceridust 3719 and Ceridust 5551 

These grades are micronized powders 

with improved wetting properties 

specially developed for water-thinnable 

paints and aqueous systems. The 

following methods are suitable for 

incorporating them in paints and 

surface coatings: 

Stir direct into the paint system; 

the mixing time should be at least 

15 minutes. 

In case that co-solvent is used as part 

of the water-based coating formulation 

the dispersion of the micronized wax 

can be improved by preparing a highly 

concentrated wax dispersion which 

will then be subsequently added to 

the formulation. This procedure ensures 

an adequate wetting of the wax 

particles and avoids high shear forces 

for the binder system as these systems 

can be shear sensitive. Trials have 

proven that solvents like butylglycol, 

butyldiglycol, and DPM are ideal 

for the dispersing of the mentioned 

micronized waxes. Depending on 

the solvent and type of wax concentrations 

of approx. 40 % are possible 

without the use of any additves. 

In the case of pigmented systems, 

Ceridust is processed together with 

the pigments and fillers. A stirring 

time of 15 minutes is generally sufficient 

for adequate wetting of the wax 

particles. 

If the dry film thickness of the coating, 

especially in can coating and metal 

decoration, is to be < 12 µm, it is advisable 

to disperse the wax in the 

appropriate binder/solvent mixture by 

means of a bead mill or similar machine. 

20 % to 30 % wax preparations 

can be produced. 

If wetting is inadequate, it should be 

borne in mind that Ceridust 3715, 2440 

or 3719 tend to cream in aqueous 

systems and not to settle as in solventcontaining 

systems. 

Since many water-thinnable binders 

are alkaline or have to be adjusted 

with amines to a pH of 8 to 9, foaming 

of varying degrees of severity may 

occur when Ceridust is stirred in. If 

the coating contains too much foam, 

film defects occur when it is applied. 

In this case a silicone-free defoamer 

has to be added. The quantities to be 

added must be determined in preliminary 

trials. 

21

UV reactive waxes 

TP Ceridust 5091, TP Ceridust 5851 R 

TP Ceridust 5091 and TP Ceridust 

5851 R feature an entirely new wax 

chemistry by making Montan ester 

waxes UV reactive. Thus this newly 

designed micronized waxes are 

enable to polymerize in any given 

UV cured coating system. As the 

wax is linked to the polymer matrix 

there is little to no migration to the 

surface of the coating. The benefits 

of this new technology are long 

lasting improvement of scratch and 

mar resistance, slip and abrasion 

resistance and inreased water and 

chemical resistance. 

TP Ceridust 5851 R can improve the 

already excellent matting properties 

of TP Ceridust 5091 due to a unique 

blend of UV reactive wax and a 

specialty matting ingredient. 

The following test results underpin the 

superior performance of UV reactive 

waxes vs. non-reactive standard 

waxes in UV cured systems. 

UV curable topcoat with 

100% solids content 

Guide formulation 

Laromer LR 9007 (BASF) 62.0 

Laromer LR 8967 (BASF) 21.5 

Talkum 10 MOOS 3.0 

Syloid 162 C (Grace) 7.0 

Wax (Clariant) 3.0 

Tego Airex (Tego) 0.5 

Irgacure 500 (Ciba) 3.0 

Parts by weight 100.0 

22 

100 

90 

80 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

1 

0.9 

0.8 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

0.2 

0.1 

0 

without wax Ceridust 9615 A Ceridust 6721 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851 R 

Figure 3: Matting of UV cured coating (60°). 

Wet film thickness 12 µm, curing speed 10 m / min (mercury vapor lamp 160 watt), 

wax content 4 % on total formulation. 

without wax Ceridust 9615 A Ceridust 6721 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851 R 

measurement weight 1.805 kg 

Figure 4: Coefficient of Friction – UV cured coating. 

Wet film thickness 12 µm, curing speed 10 m / min (mercury vapor lamp 160 watt), 

wax content 4 % on total formulation. 

Water-based UV curable coatings 

On top of the UV reactive micronized 

waxes also non-reactive waxes can be 

successfully applied to water-based 

UV curable coatings. Particularly the 

polar modified micronized waxes like 

Ceridust 3715, 2440 and 5551 show 

excellent effects. These grades feature 

an effective matting effect, better 

surface slip and improved scratch 

resistance. 

UV curable water-based coating 


Bayhydrol UV VP LS 2282 60.0 

Dehydran 1293 (Cognis) 0.8 

Irgacure 500 (Ciba) 0.5 

Byk 348 (Byk) 0.5 

Wasser 37.3 

SchwegoPUR (Schwegmann) 0.9 

Parts by weight 100.0

Examples of formulations 

for special applications 

Matting 

Nitrocellulose lacquers 

Nitrocellulose lacquers, whose main 

component is cellulose nitrate, are 

still used on a wide scale for furniture 

lacquers. The matting agent used in 

these lacquers is almost exclusively 

wax. The most important products for 

this purpose are Licowax PE 520, 

Ceridust 9615 A and Ceridust 6721. 

When low-viscosity curtain-coating 

paints are manufactured, it is advisable 

to incorporate Licowax PE 520 by hot 

precipitation (page 18). 

Ceridust 9615 A or Ceridust 6721 are 

better suited to paints applied by 

spray or brush. It tends to settle out 

slightly when left to stand for some 

time but can be readily redispersed 

by stirring. To prevent settling out as 

far as possible it is advisable to use 

5 % of a 10 % dispersion with Licowax 

PE 520. 

Gloss 

160 

140 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

0 

0.5 

Frequently the tendency of Ceridust 

9615 A or Ceridust 6721 to settle is due 

to inadequate wetting of the individual 

wax particles. In this case we recommend 

that a paint /wax concentrate 

should be prepared. The following 

procedure is recommended: incorporate 

25 to 30 parts by weight Ceridust 

in 75 to 70 parts by weight of the paint 

to be matted and continue to stir until 

a homogeneous paste is obtained. 

1.0 2.0 

p. Wax 

3.0 

4.0 

without the addition Ceridust 9615 A Licowax PE 520 

of wax 10 % dispersion 

Figure 2: 

NC lacquer Wet film thickness 60 µm Gloss 60°. 

After being allowed to stand for 10 

to 26 hours this paste is diluted with 

the paint in question or is added to 

the paint to be matted. 


Nitrocellulose wool E 510 12 

Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) 1 

Vialkyd ®+ AC 371/70 X 5 

Alresat ®+ KM 313 2 

Butyl acetate 10 

Ethyl acetate 25 

n-Butanol 15 

Xylene 30 

Parts by weight 100 

23

Polyurethane finishes 

> One-pack system 

It is difficult to produce a flatting 

effect in one-component polyurethane 

finishes with wax only. The 

basic flatting effect is best produced 

with silica, after which Ceridust 

9615 A, Ceridust 6721 or Ceridust 

5551 should be added to improve 

film properties such as handle, 

scratch resistance and smoothness. 

> Two-pack system 

A finer silk-finish effect can be 

achieved in two-component polyurethane 

coatings with Ceridust 

9615 A, Ceridust 6721 or Ceridust 

5551. Film properties such as 

handle, scratch resistance and 

smoothness are also enhanced. 


Desmophen solution (component A) 

Desmophen ®+ 1300 

75 % solution in xylene 32.0 

Nitrocellulose chips E 510 1.5 

Ethyl acetate 10.4 

Butyl acetate 11.0 

Methoxypropyl acetate 10.8 

Xylol 8.9 

Acronal 4L 0.2 

Baysilone OL 17 0.2 


Desmodur solution (component B) 

Desmodur ®+ IL 14.2 

Desmodur L 75 9.4 

Xylol 1.4 


24 

Mixing ratio 

component A:component B 3:1 

Binder content approx. 40 % 

Degree of crosslinking approx. 1 

Efflux time at 23 °C, 

DIN cup 4 mm, 

DIN 53 211 approx. 20 sec. 

Drying at room 

temperature of a 

150 µm thick wet film approx. 40 min. 

Acid-curing paints 

The quantity of wax and method of 

incorporation are similar to those 

described in detail on page 18 dealing 

with nitrocellulose lacquers. 


(white, silk-sheen curtain-coating paint) 

Note: can also be force-dried, 

e.g. 5 min. 120 °C 

Stock paint 

Vialkyd ®+ AM 421/80 IP 23.00 

Titanium dioxide RN 59 23.00 

Ceridust 9615 A 1.65 

Viamin ®+ HF 164/70 IB 

Collodium wool H 33 

45 % solution in 

25.00 

methylisobutyl ketone 5.70 

Dibutyl phthalate 1.00 

No air liquid ®+ 0.65 

Methoxypropylacetate 1.00 


Isopropanol 3.00 

Additol VXL 6245 0.30 

Xylol 5.70 


Hardener 

p-toluene sulphonic acid 0.60 

Phosphoric acid butyl ester 0.40 

Butanol 9.00 


Mixing ratio 

stock paint : hardener 10 : 1 

Tack-free drying approx. 15 min. 


DIN cup 4 mm, 



(colorless silk-sheen paint) 

Note: Two-pack system with good 

body for furniture 

Stock paint 

Vialkyd AM 421/80 IP 49.40 

Viamin HF 164/70 IB 28.30 

Additol VXL 6245 0.30 


Xylol 16.50 



Hardener 

p-toluene sulphonic acid 1.35 

Ethanol 8.65 


Mixing ratio 

stock paint : hardener 10:1 

Tack-free drying approx. 10 min. 


DIN cup 4 mm, 

DIN 53 211 approx. 70 sec.

Paints drying by oxidation 

Waxes are not very suitable as the 

sole matting agents for oleoresinous 

and alkyd paints. However they can 

be used to improve substantially the 

mar resistance of high-gloss alkyd 

resin paints. This is done by adding 

2 % to 4 % Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust 

6721 or Ceridust 5551, relative to the 

finished paint. 

Ceridust 9615 A additionally prevents 

the formation of a hard sediment. 


(water-soluble house paint, 

white, air-drying) 

I Resydrol ®+ AY 586 w/ 38 WA 64.0 

ammonia, 25 % 0.4 

Titanium dioxide RN 59 24.0 

Additol VXW 4940 0.2 

Additol XW 376 0.4 

Additol XW 329 0.4 

Additol XL 297/100 0.5 

II ammonia, 25 % 0.3 

deionized water 9.8 


Preparation: 

Mix part I in the given sequence, 

disperse in a bead mill and adjust to 

the desired viscosity with part II. 

Aqueous wood laquer for indoor 

applications 

A matt silk finish effect can be obtained 

by using up to 2.0 % Ceridust 5551 or 

Ceridust 9615 A on total formulation. 


I Mowilith ® LDM 7460 74.50 

water 6.10 

II water 1.00 

Saniprot ®+ 99-73 0.20 

1,2-Propandiol 1.00 

AMP 90 0.20 

BYK ®+ 348 0.50 

Texanol ®+ 1.00 

Agitan ®+ 295 0.20 

III water 3.60 

Tafigel ®+ PUR 40 0.30 

Methoxybutanol 2.50 

Ceridust 5551 or 


water 6.90 


The raw materials have to be mixed in 

the above described order with a propeller 

stirrer. To achieve the optimal 

dispersion Part III should be made the 

day before and processed afterwards 

into Part I and II. 

Positive wax-based wood stain 

Good positive effect, no floating of, 

for instance, Remazol dyes after 

storage at 50 °C. 


2 parts Licowax R 21 

5 parts Silicon oil 350 cst 

5 parts Spindle oil 

2 parts Emulsogen ® P 

are heated to approx. 100 °C 

and then stirred well while 

20 parts water, hot (90-100°C) 

are added. The hot concentrate 

is then well stirred, while 

66 parts water are added cold. 

After 12-24 hours, the formulation is 

again stirred thoroughly. 

25

Wood wax (aqueous) 

These are unpigmented, colorless 

formulations which are also waterbased 

and employed mainly for wood 

panel polishes. Apart from an increase 

in shine, sensitivity to water can be 

improved. 


Licowax KLE Emulsion, 12 % 50.00 

Mowilith ® DM 772 conc. 

Tributoxyethyl phosphate 

48.40 

(wetting and levelling agent) 1.00 

Licowet ® F 3, 1% solution 0.50 

Saniprot ®+ 98-70 0.10 


Licowax KLE Emulsion, 15 % 51.00 

Water 22.50 

Mowilith ® DM 772, 46 % 26.00 

Licowet F 3, 1% solution 0.50 


26 

Improving sandability 

For furniture lacquers, the addition of 

Licowax C micropowder to lacquers 

based on polyurethane, acid-curing 

lacquers and nitrocellulose lacquers 

has proved successful in improving 

the sandability of primers. So that the 

wax can function optimally it should 

first be dispersed in a suitable solvent 

in a bead mill. The following formulation 

is possible: 

Licowax C micropowder 10.00 

Xylene 45.00 



This dispersion can also be prepared 

in a sand or ball mill. Ceridust 3910 is 

easier to admix. It is dispersed direct 

in the paint by means of a stirrer. 

With two-pack polyurethane finishes it 

is preferable to incorporate Licowax 

PE 520 as a solvent-containing dispersion 

in the finish. 


for polyurethane sanding primer 

Desmophen solution (component A) 


75 % solution in xylene 

32.0 

Nitrocellulose chips E 510 1.5 

Ethyl acetate 9.2 



Xylol 


1.9 

10 % dispersion in Xylol 12.0 


Desmodur solution (component B) 

Desmodur ®+ IL 14.2 

Desmodur ®+ L 75 9.4 

Xylol 1.4 


Mixing ratio 

component A : component B 3:1 

Binder content approx. 40 % 

Efflux time at 23 °C 

and DIN cup 4 mm, 


Drying time at room 

temperature 150 µm 

thick wet film approx. 35 min

Influencing the rheological 

properties of paints 

Licowax PED 521 and Licowax PED 

522 have proved very successful in 

preventing alkyd resin paints from 

sagging and running. 20 parts by 

weight Licowax PED 521 or Licowax 

PED 522 are dissolved in 80 parts by 

weight xylene at 80 °C to 90 °C and the 

solution is cooled to room temperature 

with slight stirring. The resultant 

dispersion is then incorporated in the 

paint. The wax preparation must be 

added at the very beginning of the 

manufacturing process. 0.25 % to 1 % 

of the wax preparation, relative to the 

binder, is sufficient to produce the 

desired effect. 

Making paints water-repellent 

Ceridust 9615 A is suitable for making 

protective wood finishes and protective 

wood stains water-repellent. 2 % to 6 % 

of the product incorporated in the 

finished paint give the film good water 

repellency at the initial drying stage. 

The finish was applied to pine and 

was weathered outdoors for 3 years. 

Independent of improved water repellency, 

the wax-containing finish decomposed 

significantly less than the 

wax-free finish. 

Assessment of water repellency 

after 1 1 2 3 

hour year years years 

Without 

wax 

With 3.5 % 

Ceridust 

3 3 4 4 

2 2 2 2 

Assessment: 1 = no dissolving 

2 = trace of dissolving 

3 = slight dissolving 

4 = some dissolving 

5 = noticeable dissolving 

Can coatings 

Improved slip behaviour and enhanced 

scratch resistance in can coatings 

can be achieved by using PTEE containing 

waxes such as Ceridust 9610 F, 

Ceridust 9630 F or Ceridust 3920 F. 

These micronized waxes can be 

processed directly into the lacquer. 


Duroftal ®+ VPE 6104 68.50 

Vestanat ®+ B 1370 (60 % in XBAC) 7.00 

Polysolvan ®+ O 12.05 

Solventnaphta 180/210 12.05 

Ceridust 3920 F 0.40 


The components shall be mixed and 

well homogenized in the above described 

order by using a dissolver. 

For this application, a wax dosage of 

0.5-1 % has proved to be advantageous. 

Coil coatings 

A positive effect on slip behaviour and 

scratch resistance can be achieved 

by using PTFE-containing waxes in 

coil coatings. 

Especially recommended for this 

application are the following Ceridust 

grades: 

> Ceridust 9610 F 



> TP Ceridust 3921 F 



Excellent results can be achieved by 

using 0.5 to 1.0 % wax. 


Duroftal ®+ VPE 

(7186/60 SNBMPAC) 51.62 

Maprenal ®+ MF 904 5.04 

Additol ®+ XL 480 0.06 

Ti-Pure ®+ R 900 28.32 


p-TSA 50% in isopropanol 0.23 

Ceridust 3920 F 0.50 


27

Safety data 

Toxicological properties 

The polyethylene and amide waxes 

described in this leaflet as well as 

waxes based on crude montan wax 

have no properties that are harmful to 

health on the basis of experience to 

date. The acute oral toxicity (LD50 ) of 

these waxes is > 2000 mg/kg in the 

rat or mouse. 

When Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F, 



Ceridust 9202 F and Ceridust 9205 F are 

handled, the usual safety precautions 

for fluorocarbon-containing products 

must be observed. Contamination 

of clothes and tobacco products must 

be avoided at all costs. Hazardous 

decomposition products occur 

above 300 °C. 

28 

Ecological properties 

The waxes described are virtually 

insoluble in water. Hence they are 

attacked only very slowly by microorganisms 

in water and cause no 

significant biological oxygen demand. 

They are eliminated from the effluent 

as ballast together with the sludge. 

The COD eliminability under the 

conditions of sewage treatment is 

good (> 95 %). The waxes should 

be taken to an authorized site for 

disposal.

Status in accordance with the 

German federal regulations on 

dangerous substances 

The Licowax and Ceridust grades 

mentioned here are not dangerous 

substances according to the German 

regulations on dangerous substances 

of August 26, 1986. 

Status in accordance with the 

German chemicals law 

The Licowax and Ceridust grades or 

its monomers mentioned in this leaflet 

are contained in the European inventory 

of existing commercial chemical 

substances, EINECS. Labelling is not 

required under the regulations of the 

chemicals law. Please refer to the 

relevant safety data sheets for safety 

notes on other products named in the 

guide formulations. 

Notes on the processing of powders 

When organic dusts are handled, the 

VDI guidelines 2263 “Prevention of 

dust fires and dust explosions” or the 

corresponding national regulations 

must be observed. 

Status under food legislation 

The waxes described in this brochure 

comply with the recommendation of the 

German federal health office (BgVV) 

for the manufacture of consumer 

articles. They are also approved in 

most European countries and in the 

USA (see general data sheet “Status 

of waxes from Clariant under food 

legislation”, W 250). 

CAS numbers 

Licowax KLE 73138-45-1 

68920-66-1 

Licowax PE 520 09002-88-4 

Licowax PED 521 68441-17-8 

Licowax PED 522 68441-17-8 

Ceridust 3620 09002-88-4 

Ceridust 9615 A 09002-88-4 

00110-30-5 

Ceridust 3715 09002-88-4 

Ceridust 2440 08002-74-2 

Ceridust 3719 68441-17-8 

Ceridust 9610 F 09002-88-4 

09002-84-0 

Ceridust 9630 F 09002-88-4 

09002-84-0 

Ceridust 3920 F 09002-88-4 

09002-84-0 

TP Ceridust 3921 F 09002-88-4 

09002-84-0 

Ceridust 9325 F 09002-88-4 

09002-84-0 

TP Ceridust 9322 F 09002-88-4 

09002-84-0 

Ceridust 3910 00110-30-5 

Ceridust 9202 F 09002-84-0 

Ceridust 9205 F 09002-84-0 

Licowax C micropowder 00110-30-5 

Licowax 371 FP 104912-80-3 

Ceridust 5551 73138-45-1 

Licowax R 21 08002-74-2 

73138-59-7 

Ceridust 6721 09003-07-0 

00110-30-5 

TP Ceridust 5091 288395-49-3 

TP Ceridust 5851R 288395-49-3 

TP Ceridust 6050 M 09003-07-0 

29

Transport and storage 

Packaging 

> Licowax PE 520 

> Licowax PED 521 

> Licowax PED 522 

> Licowax 371 FP 

> Ceridust 3620 

> Ceridust 9615 A 







> TP Ceridust 6073 



> TP Ceridust 6050 M 









> TP Ceridust 5851 R 

> Licowax KLE 

> Licowax R 21 

are supplied in 3-ply valved paper 

sacks. 

> Licowax C micropowder 




are supplied in PE sacks inside 

cartons. 

30 

Storage 

The Licowax and the Ceridust grades 

must be stored in a dry place and at 

room temperature. 

Dispatch, transport 

RID, GGVE, ADR, GGVS, ADNR, 

IMDG-Code, ICAO/IATA-DGR. 

The Licowax and Ceridust grades 

described in this brochure are not 

dangerous substances within the 

meaning of these regulations.

Suppliers 

Additol ®+ XL 480 

Additol ®+ XL 490 

Additol ®+ VXL 6245 

Additol ®+ VXW 4940 

Additol ®+ XW 376 

Additol ®+ XW 329 

Additol ®+ XL 297/100 

Alftalat ®+ AM 670 

Vialkyd ®+ AC 371/70 X 

Vialkyd ®+ AM 421/80 IP 

Viamin ®+ HF 164/70 IB 

Resydrol ®+ AY 586 w/ 38 WA 

Duroftal ®+ VPE (7186/60 SNBMPAC) 

Duroftal ®+ VPE 6104 

Maprenal ®+ F 904 

UCB Chemie GmbH 

3 Rue Laid Burniat 

1348 Louvain-La-Neuve 

Belgium 

Alresat ®+ KM 313 

Akzo Nobel 

BYK ®+ 348 

BYK-Chemie GmbH 

Postfach 100245 

46462 Wesel 

Germany 

Texanol ®+ 

Eastman Chemical Company 

c/o Eastman Chemical B.V. 

Charlottenstraße 61 

51149 Köln 

Germany 

Agitan ®+ 295 

Tafigel ®+ PUR 40 

Münzing Chemie GmbH 

Postfach 2762 

74017 Heilbronn 

Germany 

Collodium wool H 33 

Collodium wool E 510 

Wolff Walsrode AG 

29655 Walsrode 

Germany 

Desmodur ®+ IL 

Desmodur ®+ L 75 


Bayer AG 

51368 Leverkusen-Bayerwerk 

Germany 

Polysolvan ®+ O 

Celanese Chemical Europe GmbH 

Lurgiallee 14 

60439 Frankfurt/Main 

Germany 

Solvent Naphta 180 / 210 

Haltermann GmbH 

Ferdinandstraße 55-57 

20095 Hamburg 

Germany 

Photomer 6019 F 





Photomer BP 

Cognis Deutschland GmbH 

Postfach 130164 

40551 Düsseldorf 

Germany 

Silica HP 94 

Crosfield Chemicals 

P.O. Box 26, Warrington, 

Cheshire/England WA5 1AB 

Vestanat ®+ B 1370 

Degussa AG 

Creanova-Lackrohstoffe 

Paul-Baumann-Straße 1 

45764 Marl 

Germany 

Kronos 2059 

Kronos Titan GmbH 

Peschstraße 5 

51373 Leverkusen 

Germany 

AMP ®+ 90 

Angus Chemie GmbH 

Zeppelinstraße 30 

49479 Ibbenbüren 

Germany 

Saniprot ®+ 98-70 

Saniprot ®+ 99-73 

Sanitized Marketing AG 

Lyssacherstraße 95 

P.O. Box 764 

3401 Burgdorf 

Switzerland 

Ti Pure R 900 

Du Pont de Nemours 

(Deutschland) GmbH 

Postfach 1365 

61283 Bad Homburg 

Germany 

Darocure 1173 

Ciba Spezialitätenchemie AG 

Klybeckstrasse 141 

4002 Basel 


31

Please note 

This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide 

general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed 

as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for 

a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. 

The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale. 

® = Trademark of Clariant registered in numerous countries. 

Edition: October 2006 

www.pa.clariant.com 

Clariant International Ltd. 

Pigments & Additives Division 

Marketing Coating Business 

Rothausstrasse 61 

4132 Muttenz 


Phone: +41/61/469-7956 

Fax: +41/61/469-7540 

Exactly your chemistry. 

DA 8267 E_10/06

Paints and Coatings Auxiliaries for the coating of surfaces - Clariant

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