HTML 5 Draft Standard - 30 July 2009 - Huihoo

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22 1 Introduction 1.1 Background This section is non-normative. The World Wide Web's markup language has always been HTML. HTML was primarily designed as a language for semantically describing scientific documents, although its general design and adaptations over the years has enabled it to be used to describe a number of other types of documents. The main area that has not been adequately addressed by HTML is a vague subject referred to as Web Applications. This specification attempts to rectify this, while at the same time updating the HTML specifications to address issues raised in the past few years. 1.2 Audience This section is non-normative. This specification is intended for authors of documents and scripts that use the features defined in this specification, implementors of tools that operate on pages that use the features defined in this specification, and individuals wishing to establish the correctness of documents or implementations with respect to the requirements of this specification. This document is probably not suited to readers who do not already have at least a passing familiarity with Web technologies, as in places it sacrifices clarity for precision, and brevity for completeness. More approachable tutorials and authoring guides can provide a gentler introduction to the topic. In particular, familiarity with the basics of DOM Core and DOM Events is necessary for a complete understanding of some of the more technical parts of this specification. An understanding of Web IDL, HTTP, XML, Unicode, character encodings, JavaScript, and CSS will also be helpful in places but is not essential. 1.3 Scope This section is non-normative. This specification is limited to providing a semantic-level markup language and associated semantic-level scripting APIs for authoring accessible pages on the Web ranging from static documents to dynamic applications. The scope of this specification does not include providing mechanisms for media-specific customization of presentation (although default rendering rules for Web browsers are included at the end of this specification, and several mechanisms for hooking into CSS are provided as part of the language).
The scope of this specification does not include documenting every HTML or DOM feature supported by Web browsers. Browsers support many features that are considered to be very bad for accessibility or that are otherwise inappropriate. For example, the blink element is clearly presentational and authors wishing to cause text to blink should instead use CSS. The scope of this specification is not to describe an entire operating system. In particular, hardware configuration software, image manipulation tools, and applications that users would be expected to use with high-end workstations on a daily basis are out of scope. In terms of applications, this specification is targeted specifically at applications that would be expected to be used by users on an occasional basis, or regularly but from disparate locations, with low CPU requirements. For instance online purchasing systems, searching systems, games (especially multiplayer online games), public telephone books or address books, communications software (e-mail clients, instant messaging clients, discussion software), document editing software, etc. 1.4 History This section is non-normative. Work on HTML 5 originally started in late 2003, as a proof of concept to show that it was possible to extend HTML 4's forms to provide many of the features that XForms 1.0 introduced, without requiring browsers to implement rendering engines that were incompatible with existing HTML Web pages. At this early stage, while the draft was already publicly available, and input was already being solicited from all sources, the specification was only under Opera Software's copyright. In early 2004, some of the principles that underlie this effort, as well as an early draft proposal covering just forms-related features, were presented to the W3C jointly by Mozilla and Opera at a workshop discussing the future of Web Applications on the Web. The proposal was rejected on the grounds that the proposal conflicted with the previously chosen direction for the Web's evolution. Shortly thereafter, Apple, Mozilla, and Opera jointly announced their intent to continue working on the effort. A public mailing list was created, and the drafts were moved to the WHATWG site. The copyright was subsequently amended to be jointly owned by all three vendors, and to allow reuse of the specifications. In 2006, the W3C expressed interest in the specification, and created a working group chartered to work with the WHATWG on the development of the HTML 5 specifications. The working group opened in 2007. Apple, Mozilla, and Opera allowed the W3C to publish the specifications under the W3C copyright, while keeping versions with the less restrictive license on the WHATWG site. Since then, both groups have been working together. 1.5 Design notes This section is non-normative. 23
Page 1 and 2: HTML 5 Draft Standard — 30 July 2
Page 3 and 4: Status of this document This is a w
Page 5 and 6: 2.4.5.4 Local dates and times (page
Page 7 and 8: 4.3.1.2 Inline documentation for ex
Page 9 and 10: 4.8.2.1.14 Guidance for conformance
Page 11 and 12: 4.10.4.2.2 The list attribute (page
Page 13 and 14: 5.1.3 Selecting names when defining
Page 15 and 16: 6.10.1 The session history of brows
Page 17 and 18: 7.11.7 Implementation notes (page 7
Page 19 and 20: 9.2.5.6 The "before head" insertion
Page 21: 12.3.1 The applet element (page 974
Page 25 and 26: ten years. Some features have been
Page 27 and 28: ** The HTML Syntax (page 781) The X
Page 29 and 30: single or double quotes. The value,
Page 31 and 32: For more details on how to use HTM
Page 33 and 34: svg http://www.w3.org/2000/svg Attr
Page 35 and 36: correspond to single-byte sequences
Page 37 and 38: Note: Scripting can form an integra
Page 39 and 40: Conformance requirements phrased as
Page 41 and 42: For example, while strongly discour
Page 43 and 44: 2.4.2 Boolean attributes A number o
Page 45 and 46: integer or an error. Leading spaces
Page 47 and 48: 3. If position is past the end of i
Page 49 and 50: 7. If the string contains any other
Page 51 and 52: 2.4.4.6 Lists of integers A valid l
Page 53 and 54: 14. Advance position to the next ch
Page 55 and 56: 3. Two digits (page 54), representi
Page 57 and 58: 2. A U+003A COLON character (:) 3.
Page 59 and 60: 3. Parse a date component (page 56)
Page 61 and 62: 6. If position is beyond the end of
Page 63 and 64: 3. Collect a sequence of characters
Page 65 and 66: 2.4.6 Colors A simple color consist
Page 67 and 68: LETTER F, and U+0061 LATIN SMALL LE
Page 69 and 70: 2. Remove any space characters (pag
Page 71 and 72: 3. Return the first element of type
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o . protocol [ = value ] Returns th
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Attribute Component Getter Conditio
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Note: Whether the type sniffing rul
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In addition, user agents must suppo
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value associated with the state tha
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Note: The rows list is not in tree
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element = collection . item(index)
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element = collection . namedItem(na
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When set to a greater number, adds
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The remove(index) method must act a
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Note: DOMTokenList objects are alwa
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6. Append the value of token to the
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↪ If input is a Date object Retur
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} } } node.dataset.hp = hp; // sett
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** 3 Semantics, structure, and APIs
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attribute DOMString designMode; boo
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The URL attribute must return the d
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necessary. The year must be given a
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The title element of a document is
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The plugins attribute must return t
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• applet or fallback-free (page 1
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3.3.2 Elements in the DOM The nodes
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}; attribute Function onloadedmetad
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• ontimeupdate • onvolumechange
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element, they must have exactly the
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Note: Assigning classes to an eleme
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The dataset DOM attribute provides
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cell: document.createElement('td'),
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This requirement is not a hard requ
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steps (page 131) on the element. If
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the ins element straddles the headi
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Element.tagName and Node.nodeName T
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3.8 Dynamic markup insertion Note:
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1. Remove all the entries in the br
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In the case of XML documents (page
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4. Let parent be target's parent no
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If position is an ASCII case-insens
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Content model: One or more elements
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The href content attribute, if spec
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absolute URL (page 71). User agents
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Note: The stylesheet link type defi
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If either name, http-equiv, or item
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When an author uses a new type not
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6. Collect a sequence of characters
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not be registered, as they would re
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}; attribute boolean scoped; The Li
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The content type (type DOM attribut
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parameter must not be specified. (T
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Once the resource's Content Type me
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↪ If the load resulted in an erro
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application/ecmascript application/
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When used in HTML documents (page 1
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DOM interface: interface HTMLBodyEl
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In the following example, we see an
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Categories Demos in Exampland Pub
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Content model: Flow content (page 1
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Content attributes: Global attribut
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Editor: Dean Jackson, W3C, dean@w3.
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Categories Flow content (page 128).
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Bar Bla Baz Quux Thud Grunt ..
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Nested sections: 1. Section implied
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the new last section of that outlin
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element (page 110) has just one sub
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DOM interface: interface HTMLHRElem
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speech synthesizers, braille displa
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quoting another work. See the cite,
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The reversed DOM attribute must ref
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DOM interface: interface HTMLLIElem
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If a dl element is empty, it contai
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Before a dd element inside a dialog
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.tag-cloud-1 { font-size: 0.7em; }
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Examples Legal Interactive use
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Quotation punctuation (such as quot
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stood in mid-February 2008, leaving
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Continued use of this service will
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the gates connecting the wormhole,
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The paragraph below contains an abb
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DOM interface: interface HTMLTimeEl
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time . time Returns a Date object r
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(The updateProgress() method in th
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For the purposes of these requireme
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If the above procedure results in a
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User agents may combine the value o
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The var element represents (page 90
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When the kbd element is nested insi
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4.6.19 The i element Categories Flo
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The b element should be used as a l
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In this example, each ideograph in
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** ** The example above, in which e
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In this example, a table has cells
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I like fruit. Apples are tasty
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This sentence was inserted too. Thi
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The remainder of the element's cont
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usemap ismap width height DOM inter
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embedded in the image resource. Use
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The contents of img elements, if an
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tail, the time Marco had stuck his
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However, with other alternative tex
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Latest TWiT episode is online The
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linked to the DOM, and, using docum
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helpfully give the rating in the fo
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A black outline of the first of the
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(If you cannot see the image, you c
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4.8.2.1.14 Guidance for conformance
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While the sandbox attribute is spec
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• In visual media, in a CSS-suppo
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Content model: Empty. Content attri
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Any (namespace-less) attribute may
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3. If the data attribute is present
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↪ Otherwise The given resource ty
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name value DOM interface: interface
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The poster DOM attribute must refle
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4.8.8 The audio element Categories
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}; attribute DOMString media; The s
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const unsigned short NETWORK_IDLE =
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MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED (numeric value 1)
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videoElement.setAttribute("src", "p
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5. If seeking is true, set it to fa
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2. ? Process candidate: If candidat
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progress event (page 642) called su
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2. Set the error attribute to a new
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The buffered attribute must return
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The loop DOM attribute must reflect
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Note: User agents are not required
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4.8.10.9 Playing the media resource
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When the current playback position
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stream's playback rate) the client
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The seeking attribute must initiall
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media . volume [ = value ] Returns
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Event name Interface Dispatched whe
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4.8.10.14 Security and privacy cons
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value must be used instead. The wid
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If the method is invoked with the f
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in float endAngle, in boolean antic
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• The current clipping region (pa
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Can be set, to change the alpha val
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Can be set, to change the fill styl
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epresenting the end circle with ori
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4.8.11.1.5 Line styles context . li
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Can be set, to change the shadow co
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context . fillRect(x, y, w, h) Pain
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The points and lines added to the p
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Note: Thus, if two overlapping but
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interpreted relative to the compute
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If textBaseline is top Let the anch
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If the first argument isn't an img,
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Throws a NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR exceptio
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When invoked with arguments that do
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var canvas = document.getElementsBy
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4.8.11.3 Security with canvas eleme
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4.8.13 The area element Categories
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In the default state state, area el
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4.8.14.2 Processing model If an img
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↪ Default state (page 379) The sh
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** The target ratio is the ratio of
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Such explanatory information should
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Negative Characteristic Positiv
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tr = table . insertRow(index) Creat
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↪ Otherwise: The method must crea
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DOM interface: interface HTMLTableC
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tbody . deleteRow(index) Removes th
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ID Measurement Average Maximum 35 T
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ange 0 ≤ y < y height. If one or
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5. Let the last span columns (page
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2. Increase y current by 1. 2. Empt
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4. For each value of x from princip
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A header cell is said to be a row g
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void dispatchFormInput(); void disp
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The item(index) method must return
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fieldset . type Returns the string
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control . labels Returns a NodeList
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The input element represents (page
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Which of the accept, alt, autocompl
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The value content attribute gives t
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4.10.4.1.5 E-mail state When an inp
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485) must be set to a valid global
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otherwise, return a Date object rep
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The min attribute, if specified, mu
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▪The following content attributes
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The algorithm to convert a number t
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values (page 65) to it. User agents
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When any of the following events oc
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input element's form owner (page 48
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4.10.4.2.1 The autocomplete attribu
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4.10.4.2.5 The required attribute T
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Constraint validation: When the ele
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input . checked [ = value ] Returns
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On setting, if the valueAsNumber at
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Note: In addition, when the change
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The form attribute is used to expli
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The size attribute gives the number
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select . selectedIndex [ = value ]
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Each option element that is a desce
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eadonly attribute long index; }; Th
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The reset algorithm (page 503) for
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The defaultValue DOM attribute must
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Let public key be the generated pub
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DOM interface: interface HTMLOutput
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When a form-associated element (pag
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Constraint validation: If an elemen
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The method of an element is one of
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Suffering from being too long Note:
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element . setCustomValidity(message
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** rangeOverflow The control is suf
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• The field element is a button (
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14. Let target be the submitter ele
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Navigate (page 692) target browsing
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1. Let result be the empty string.
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3. Append the entry's value to resu
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Content model: Flow content (page 1
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** ** ** Keyword Description editab
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datagrid . setRows(rows) Updates da
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Throws a DATAGRID_MODEL_ERR excepti
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The clearColumns() method, if the c
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Cells one of its ancestors is close
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number in the Row object's RowID, o
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If the column's type is checkable T
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• If their RowID objects are not
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4.11.2.2.4 The cells Each row has o
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When the user agent needs to render
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Update the cell's minimum height to
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Now consider the case where a third
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The DataGridListener interface, onc
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}; The command element represents a
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Contexts in which this element may
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Settings Download standalone applic
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** 4.11.5.1 Introduction This secti
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The contextMenu attribute must refl
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The icon attribute must return the
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Otherwise, the Type (page 541) is "
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The Type (page 541) of the command
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The Label (page 541) of the command
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instead of more appropriate element
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:checked • select elements that a
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5 Microdata 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1
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Lemon sorbet Apricot sorbet This
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For instance, if Jon and Adam both
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(The duplicate occurrence of "com.e
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1 2 test Thus, the following is eq
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The properties DOM attribute on ele
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Any number of properties with the n
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The value (page 563) must be text.
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The value (page 563) must be either
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title role logo 1. Optionally, eith
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ev The value (page 563) must be tex
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postal parcel home work pref Indica
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Los Angeles, CA 90064 United States
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comment Gives a comment regarding t
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Note: The time given by the dtend p
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created Gives the date and time at
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parameters = ';VALUE=DATE'; else pa
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A generic API upon which the vocaul
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9. For each token token in list of
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5. Return subject. 5.5.3 vCard 3. O
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If the property's value (page 563)
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6. Prefix every U+002C COMMA charac
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5. Append value to line. 6. Let max
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1. Add an iCalendar line (page 601)
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Note: This algorithm can generate i
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3. Take the appropriate action from
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14. If update date has no value but
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of that view (page 608), not the ac
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(i.e. if b is a child browsing cont
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A valid browsing context name or ke
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[Replaceable] readonly attribute Ba
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}; window . window window . frames
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For example, suppose there is a use
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• a, applet, area, embed, form, f
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The scrollbar BarProp object Repres
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↪ If a script is a javascript: UR
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4. Apply the IDNA ToASCII algorithm
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6.5 Scripting 6.5.1 Introduction Va
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A base URL A URL (page 71), set whe
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6.5.4 Event loops 6.5.4.1 Definitio
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6. Return to the first step of the
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So for example a javascript: URL fo
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namespace (namespaceURI argument) s
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event handler attribute (page 637)
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attribute (page 637) of the script'
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7. Wait until any invocations of th
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6.7 User prompts 6.7.1 Simple dialo
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user through the steps of applying
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window . returnValue [ = value ] Re
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appName Must return either the stri
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title navigator.registerContentHand
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know whether to trust the third-par
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called, release the storage mutex (
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Event name error Occasion Next even
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• which application cache was bei
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COLON (:) character) followed by ze
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16. Now, collect a sequence of char
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↪ If mode is "unknown" Do nothing
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(page 661), fallback entries (page
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12. Let file list be an empty list
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9. As an optimization, if the resou
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4. If cache group has an applicatio
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Fetch (page 75) the resource normal
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The status attribute, on getting, m
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When the value that would be return
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If the delta is out of range, does
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present, the absolute URL (page 71)
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Location objects provide a represen
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The resolveURL(url) method must res
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inline prompt to allow the user to
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14. If the user agent has been conf
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1. Wait for a user-agent defined am
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After creating the Document object,
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1. Parse (page 71) the URL (page 71
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3. Dispatch event at the Document's
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6.12.2 Following hyperlinks When a
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When the ping attribute is present,
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Link type Effect on... link a and a
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exactly that section, but it roughl
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If specified, the attribute must ha
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In this case the license applies to
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Note: Since it indicates that the t
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6.12.3.19.2 Link type "last" The la
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checkers may cache this information
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Elements in a section hidden by the
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If the value is a negative integer
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642) that bubbles called change at
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If specified, the value must be an
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7.7 The text selection APIs Every b
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selection . anchorNode Returns the
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The collapseToEnd() method must rai
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immediately before the character wi
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This could be triggered as the defa
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defaultValue DOM attribute as well
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• The value of input elements to
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7.10.2 The DragEvent and DataTransf
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When a DataTransfer object is creat
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Event Name Target Bubbles? Cancelab
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• The user agent must run the fol
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3. If the event is canceled, then t
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↪ If the current target element (
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act as if the user had indicated (a
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** • Has to cope with the "undo"
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** ** ** ** in the UI. If the metho
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event . data Returns the data that
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Action: The user agent must act as
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4. Invoke the HTML fragment parsing
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Indeterminate When: Never. State: T
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8 Communication 8.1 Event definitio
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To register an event handler for in
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6. Queue a task (page 633) to dispa
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4. Instantiate a new MessageChannel
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2. If the method was called with a
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9 The HTML syntax Note: This sectio
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RCDATA elements textarea, title For
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Attributes have a name and a value.
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A li element's end tag (page 784) m
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An escaping text span start is a pa
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For HTML documents (page 101), user
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document.write(''); ... To handle
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3. If the attribute's name is neith
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↪ If it is 0x22 (ASCII '"') or 0x
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U+FFFF, U+1FFFE, U+1FFFF, U+2FFFE,
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When the insertion mode is switched
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Scoping The following HTML elements
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8. Create an element for the token
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Before each step of the tokenizer,
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↪ Anything else Parse error (page
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↪ U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (") ↪ U
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↪ U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION ↪
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9.2.4.13 Character reference in att
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↪ Anything else Append the input
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↪ Anything else Append two U+002D
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↪ Anything else Append the curren
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Page 825 and 826:
Page 827 and 828:
Consume as many characters as match
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9.2.5 Tree construction The input t
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When a resettable (page 413) elemen
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Attribute name on token Attribute n
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↪ A comment token Append a Commen
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• The public identifier starts wi
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The root element can end up being r
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↪ A start tag whose tag name is "
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↪ A character token that is one o
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If the second element on the stack
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3. If node is an li element, then a
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3. Pop elements from the stack of o
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2. Let the furthest block be the to
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↪ An end tag token whose tag name
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↪ A start tag whose tag name is "
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↪ A start tag whose tag name is o
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↪ Any other end tag 4. Increment
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Parse error (page 791). Insert an H
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9.2.5.17 The "in row" insertion mod
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↪ Anything else Process the token
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↪ Anything else Parse error (page
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(page 885), switch the insertion mo
Page 873 and 874:
Page 875 and 876:
** ** ↪ A DOCTYPE token Parse err
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** ** If the list of scripts that w
Page 879 and 880:
Note: The mutations allowed by this
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ody b #text: 1 p #text: 2 A new b e
Page 883 and 884:
The marker means that when the "aaa
Page 885 and 886:
html head body They are, at this po
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↪ If current node is a Text or CD
Page 889 and 890:
↪ If it is a noscript element If
Page 891 and 892:
Name Character Jcy; U+00419 Jfr; U+
Page 893 and 894:
Name Character angmsd; U+02221 angm
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Name Character frac78; U+0215E fras
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Name Character notin; U+02209 notin
Page 899 and 900:
Name Character subsim; U+02AC7 subs
Page 901 and 902:
10 The XHTML syntax Note: This sect
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• A DocumentType node that has an
Page 905 and 906:
11 Rendering User agents are not re
Page 907 and 908:
For the purposes of the CSS ruby mo
Page 909 and 910:
Attribute value 'overflow' value on
Page 911 and 912:
tfoot[valign=middle], tr[valign=mid
Page 913 and 914:
order-color: black; } The initial v
Page 915 and 916:
8. Interpret digits as a base-ten i
Page 917 and 918:
ol[type=A], li[type=A] { list-style
Page 919 and 920:
} line-height: initial; white-space
Page 921 and 922:
When a video element represents its
Page 923 and 924:
object[align=texttop] { vertical-al
Page 925 and 926:
** ** 11.4.2 The bb element @namesp
Page 927 and 928:
When the input-datetime binding app
Page 929 and 930:
input[type=submit], input[type=rese
Page 931 and 932:
The 'overflow' property on the marq
Page 933 and 934:
11.4.17 The textarea element @names
Page 935 and 936:
is being rendered into, in CSS pixe
Page 937 and 938:
corresponding value in output list
Page 939 and 940:
Classes from the class attribute of
Page 941 and 942:
• The presence of a language attr
Page 943 and 944:
usemap on input elements Use img in
Page 945 and 946:
ackground on body elements 945
Page 947 and 948:
link on body elements 947
Page 949 and 950:
vlink on body elements 949
Page 951 and 952:
align on caption elements 951
Page 953 and 954:
char on col elements 953
Page 955 and 956:
valign on col elements 955
Page 957 and 958:
align on div elements 957
Page 959 and 960:
align on hr elements 959
Page 961 and 962:
size on hr elements 961
Page 963 and 964:
align on h1—h6 elements 963
Page 965 and 966:
frameborder on iframe elements 965
Page 967 and 968:
marginwidth on iframe elements 967
Page 969 and 970:
align on input elements 969
Page 971 and 972:
order on img elements (except as no
Page 973 and 974:
vspace on img elements align on leg
Page 975 and 976:
interface HTMLMarqueeElement : HTML
Page 977 and 978:
1. If the marquee loop count (page
Page 979 and 980:
When the browsing context is create
Page 981 and 982:
[Supplemental] interface HTMLBodyEl
Page 983 and 984:
}; attribute DOMString size; The co
Page 985 and 986:
The useMap DOM attribute of the inp
Page 987 and 988:
[Supplemental] interface HTMLPreEle
Page 989 and 990:
}; attribute DOMString vAlign; The
Page 991 and 992:
** ** 13 Things that you can't do w
Page 993 and 994:
** Event load ... 993
Page 995 and 996:
Acknowledgements Thanks to Aankhen,
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HTML 5 Draft Standard - 30 July 2009 - Huihoo

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