III. Species Action Plans - Newcastle City Council

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4. Transport Corridors Links to Other Plans Potential Target Delivery Areas Feature Habitat Action Plans Species Action Plans Rivers & Watercourses Bats Managed Urban Greenspace Dingy Skipper Brownfield Land Urban Birds Scrub, Shrub & Hedgerow Slow Worm Lowland Grassland Bumblebees Native Woodland Hedgehog Amphibians Grassland & Wetlands Grassland Grassland/Woodland Mosaic Hibernacula Grassland & woodland Site Newcastle & North Tyneside Biodiversity Action Plan Waggonway Network Hadrian’s Way Nexus Metroline A1 & A19 Scotswood Road embankments 18 Local Authority Area North Tyneside Newcastle/North Tyneside North Tyneside/ Newcastle North Tyneside/Newcastle Newcastle
4. Transport Corridors 5. Open Water & Wetland 5. OPEN WATER AND WETLAND General Description This action plan covers all open bodies of freshwater (natural ponds, mining subsidence ponds and pools, surface water balancing ponds, recreation and amenity lakes, etc.) and their associated marginal habitat (mosaics of reedmace, reeds, rushes, sedges, tall herbs and willows). Standing open water is found in a variety of places, types and sizes. Some are formed naturally, while others are man-made or influenced by man i.e. subsidence wetlands. Ponds are normally defined by an area of up to 2 hectares; anything larger is generally classed as a lake. Man-made ponds and lakes include reservoirs, amenity ponds and those created by mining subsidence and flooding of gravel pits etc. Natural waterbodies are those created by glacial action, natural subsidence or river activity. All waterbodies are classified according to their nutrient status. Nutrient rich or ‘eutrophic’ waterbodies are the main type found in lowland areas, as a result of inputs from agricultural fertilisers and sewage input. Those with intermediate nutrient levels are termed ‘mesotrophic’ and those which receive very few nutrients are termed ‘oligotrophic’. 19 Ponds provide habitat for a diverse range of species including marginal and submerged plants, birds, aquatic invertebrates, amphibians and mammals. The diversity of these habitats is dependent upon pond type, location and pond management. Reedbed is a wetland habitat dominated by large areas of common reed. A number of other species occur within the reed stand but a significantly lower cover. Reedbed occurs in association with open water and watercourses. The water table is at or above ground level for most of the year. Reed beds are particularly important for the breeding birds that they support. However reedbeds are a successional habitat and if they are not cut or managed on a rotational basis their value for wildlife decreases over time. Fens are permanently waterlogged wetland habitats, which can be fed by either ground water, surface water run-off or rainfall. They are classed as ‘poor’ where the water is derived from base-poor rock such as sandstone, or ‘rich’ where they are fed by mineralenriched calcareous waters (pH 5 or more). Poor fens occur mainly in the uplands and are characterized by short vegetation with high levels of Sphagnum species, whereas rich fens are mainly confined to the lowlands and are characterized by an open vegetation structure of mosses and species-rich grassland. Fen habitats support a diversity of plant and animal communities including a high number of invertebrates, such as dragonflies and aquatic beetles as well as a range of breeding birds. Lowland raised mires are characteristically raised mounds of peat above the local water table, fed only by rainfall. Associated species are mainly mosses especially Sphagnum species 5. Open Water & Wetland Newcastle & North Tyneside Biodiversity Action Plan
Page 1: Newcastle & North Tyneside Biodiver
Page 4 and 5: Contents Contents I. ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
Page 6 and 7: 1. Buildings & Structures III. Habi
Page 8 and 9: 1. Buildings & Structures BUILDINGS
Page 10 and 11: 2. Estuary & Coastal Habitat and lu
Page 12 and 13: 2. Estuary & Coastal Habitat Alien
Page 14 and 15: 2. Estuary & Coastal Habitat Links
Page 16 and 17: 3. Brownfield Land Weetslade Collie
Page 18 and 19: 4. Transport Corridors 4. TRANSPORT
Page 22 and 23: 5. Open Water & Wetland with associ
Page 24 and 25: 5. Open Water & Wetland OPEN WATER
Page 26 and 27: 6. Rivers & Watercourses 6. RIVERS
Page 28 and 29: 6. Rivers & Watercourses RIVER & WA
Page 30 and 31: 7. Managed Urban Greenspace 7. MANA
Page 32 and 33: 7. Managed Urban Greenspace MANAGED
Page 34 and 35: 8. Native Woodland 8. NATIVE WOODLA
Page 36 and 37: 8. Native Woodland Issues of Concer
Page 38 and 39: 9. Lowland Grassland 9. LOWLAND GRA
Page 40 and 41: 9. Lowland Grassland Links to Other
Page 42 and 43: 10. Scrub, Shrub & Hedgerow Hedgero
Page 44 and 45: 10. Scrub, Shrub & Hedgerow Potenti
Page 46 and 47: 11. Farmland Birds Yellowhammer (Em
Page 48 and 49: 11. Farmland Birds FARMLAND BIRD TA
Page 50 and 51: 12. Bats 12. BATS General Descripti
Page 52 and 53: 12. Bats Protection/Legislation All
Page 54 and 55: 13. Amphibians 13. AMPHIBIANS Gener
Page 56 and 57: 13. Amphibians Loss of suitable bre
Page 58 and 59: 14. Dingy Skipper 14. Dingy Skipper
Page 60 and 61: 14. Dingy Skipper Potential Target
Page 62 and 63: 15. Otter Incidental mortality caus
Page 64 and 65: 16. Urban Birds 16. URBAN BIRDS Gen
Page 66 and 67: 16. Urban Birds Protection/Legislat
Page 68 and 69: 16. Urban Birds Links to Other Plan
Page 70 and 71:
17. Water Vole courses in and aroun
Page 72 and 73:
18. Red Squirrel 18. RED SQUIRREL (
Page 74 and 75:
18. Red Squirrel Links to Other Pla
Page 76 and 77:
19. Hedgehog Lighting of bonfires w
Page 78 and 79:
20. Slow Worm SLOW WORM Determine t
Page 80 and 81:
21. Bumblebee Protection/Legislatio
Page 82 and 83:
22. Brown Hare 22. BROWN HARE (Lepu
Page 84:
22. Brown Hare Newcastle & North Ty
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III. Species Action Plans - Newcastle City Council

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