ARTIKEL ILMIAH - FKIP UNJA

ARTIKEL ILMIAH
STUDENTS PERCEPTION TOWARDS ENGLISH TEACHERS’
COMPETENCES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Oleh:
Khairunnisa Saleh Siregar
A1B206064
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
JANUARI 2013
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STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD ENGLISH TEACHERS’
COMPETENCES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
Oleh:
Khairunnisa Saleh Siregar
(Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Jurusan PBS FKIP Universitas Jambi)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to describe students‟ perception toward English teachers‟
competences in teaching and learning activities in school. This research uses a descriptive
qualitative method. The participants of this research were 48 students of the eleventh grade
from senior high school. To gain the data about students‟ perception, the questionnaires were
distributed and tested to the sample of the research and interview. The data was analyzed by
using Likert Scale. The Likert Scale was used for the questionaire, then the result of
questionnaire were explained by description. From the finding and discussion, it can be
concluded that based on students‟ perception, they have positive perception to their English
Teacher. They believed that based on what have they seen, felt and done, their English
teacher has good competence in four aspect of competence (profesionalism, social,personal
and pedagogy). Furthermore, the highest competence is profesionalism competence with
198,8 score and in strong interval. The average of all competence is 184,5 or in strong
interval. It proved that the English teachers in their school has good competence.
Key word: Perception, teachers’ competence
INTRODUCTION
Teaching profession is a profession within the framework of strategic intellectual
life of the nation. The teacher is one component of which is important because as the
spearhead in education. Teacher works educate the direction for a change of behavior in
accordance with the purpose of education ( Carter, 2008 : [ online]). The teacher has
responsibility to facilitate teaching and learning process in the classroom. This is where the
teachers become the motor of overall teaching and learning activities that take place in the
educational situation in order to achieve certain educational goals ( Carter, 2008 : [ online] ).
Moreover, Cupino (2008, [online] ) says that teaching profession is a very noble profession
and people who take this profession is among those who lucky because they let go of the
shackles of ignorance, educating people, creating a human, virtuous, faithful, devoted, using
thoughts, feelings and trained human skills.
Uno (2011:60) states that a professional teacher must have competence in doing
learning program. Fullan ( in Uno, 2011:62) explains that competence is broad capacities as
fully human attribute. Teachers competence is supposed to include all “qualities of personal
effectiveness that are required in the work place”, it is certain teachers have here a very
diverse set of qualities indeed : attitudes, motives, interest, personal attunements of all kinds,
perceptiveness, receptive, openness, creativity, social skills generally, interpersonal maturity,
kinds of personal identification, etc. Moreover, Usman in Saudagar and Idrus (2009 : 30)
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states that competences is a situation which describes the quantitative and qualitative quality
of person. From the explanation above it can be assumed that teacher competences are seen
into two concepts, they are as teachers‟ skill indicator and teachers‟ concepts which is contain
of cognitive, affective and conation aspect.
Competence teachers is needed to build up the students‟ ability in academic and non
academic. School that has competence teachers will get some advantages. One of the
advantages is the students will get more motivation in learning activity. So, students will get
good mark and pass in national examination ( Soetjipto and Kosasi, 2009 : 34).
Regarding the explanation above, it is worthwhile to investigate how the students‟
perception toward English teachers‟ competence in English teaching and learning activities.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Definition of Perception
According to Woolfolk and Nicolich (1980:197), perception refers to the meaning of
information received through person‟ senses. It means that condtructed partly from the way
person organizes the information. Perception is the process interpreting stimuli which has
been in the brain. It is an information process, which is based on previous experiences. The
process is influenced by how the stimuli are arranged, based on background, feeling, desire,
attitudes and objective (Mahmud in Rohani, 2009 : 3). Moscovitz and Orgel in Walgito (2010
: 98) state that perception is an intregated process in self to the stimulation that is accepted.
In other words, the form and the meaning of the perception might be determined by
the condition of the individuals who state the perception, object and attitude. The statement of
the perception might be an arrangement or disagreement toward an event, object or attitude. It
can be assumed that the perception is person‟s way of seeing, understanding or interpreting
something. In this case, it talks about teachers‟ perception in interpreting the teachers‟
competences.
Types of Perception
Soemanto‟s (in Rohani, 2009 : 7) states that perception does not only happen in one
time, but it can happen in the past, present and future . He divides perception into three
types; the past, present and future perceptions. The past perception is a reaction to stimulus
by developing personal impression oriented to the past observation. The next perception is
present perception or imagination perception. The last is future perception or initiative
perception. Future perception means a reaction to stimulus by developing personal
impression oriented to the future observation.
While Sujanto (in Rohani, 2009 : 8) says that each individual has her/his own types of
perception which are grouped into five, such as visual, auditive, motorical, tactile and mixed
perception. Visual means that one has a good memory of what he saw and auditive means
that one can remember well what they heard, motorical means that one has a good memory of
what he felt, tactile means that one has a good memory of what he touched, and mixed
means that the power for everything that they have sensed.
Process of Perception
Perception is not happening directly. There some psychological processes in
influencing a perception. Thoha in Rohani (2009 : 9) states that there are four processes of
perception, such as : stimulation, registration, interpretation and feed back. The process of
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perception very complete which is started from the stimulation,registration of the information
about the stimulation, interpretation based on the information accepted and inner
ability(experience, motivation, etc) and finally decision on the reaction or feed back towards
the stimulation
Definition of Teacher
Christ (2008 [Online]) says that teacher is someone acknowledged as a guide or
helper in a school. Moreover, Keirsey ( 2008[online]) states that teacher is a person who
teaches, especially one employed in a school. Kuebler (2010 [Online]) teacher is someone
who sees what can be accomplished, not what cannot be accomplished. He adds that teachers
must know in expecting their students to be good learners. Thus, they must enrich themselves
knowledge in learning new research based methodologies to help students to achieve
optimally. Furthermore, Wayne (2008 [online]) states the common definition of a teacher is
one who imparts knowledge.
Moreover, Fuller (2010, [Online]) says that teacher should takes many qualities, such
as having patience, understanding, and having a sense of values while being able to recognize
the changing dynamics in the world that is outside the classroom. It is not just being able to
stand up in front of students and being able to teach them various subjects.
Teaching Profession
Teaching is a process of transferring the knowledge from a person or a guide as a
teacher to the students or person or group that need information. Then, teaching profession
does not only about the teachers‟ skill in teaching material, but also about teachers‟
personality and experienced in control the class. The combination between them can
influence the class situation and students‟ motivation to learn in the class.
Teacher Competences
Fullan (in Uno, 2011 : 62) states that competence is broad capacities as fully human
attribute. Competence is supposed to include all “ qualities of personal effectiveness that are
required in the workplace”‟ it is certain that person have here a very diverse set of qualities
indeed : attitudes, motives, interest, personal attunements of all kinds, perceptiveness,
receptivity, openness, creativity, social skill generally, interpersonal maturity, kinds of
personal identification, etc. Houston (in Uno, 2011:62) adds that competence is skill, which is
shown by the teachers in doing teachers‟ duty that is giving education service to society. It
means, competence is referring to what people can do rather than what people know.
Crow and Crow in Uno (2011:68) explain that teacher competence has relation with
professionalism that is professional teacher means teacher who has competence. Furthermore,
Mouly in Uno (2011:73) divides teacher competence into professionalism competence,
personal competence, social competence and pedagogy competences.
Professionalism competence means that the teacher must have much knowledge
about subject matter. Especially for English teacher, they should master the four English
skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) and the method in teaching the skills. While,
personal competence means that the mature attitude of teachers, so they can be a source for
students. Besides, social competence means that the teacher must be able to show that they
can get good interaction to the students, another teacher, headmaster, staff, even the other
societies.
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Teaching and learning
The process of teaching is a process done by teacher that brings effect to the students
in learning. In fact, learning is an effort that has been done for reaching the potential
development in individual self. Learning is also a case which can change behaviour of
someone who is doing this activity. Sardiman (2008: 20) states that learning is a behavior
changing or performance with some activities such as reading, observation, listening, plagued
and etc.
Uno (2008: 16) defines that learning is taking the new experience by someone in
permanent relative behavior changing as the effect of learning interaction process through
object (science), or an object in learning environment. Furthermore Gagne in Sagala (2009:
17) mentions that learning is a changing which happened in human skill after learning
regularly. Furthermore, Skinner in Sagala (2009: 14) explains that learning is a process
adaptation and behavior adaptation in progressively. Learning is also behaved, when
someone has been learning, then the response will be better.
METHODS
This study uses descriptive qualitative. Fauzi (2009 : 25) defines that descriptive
method are collecting the actual information correctly, identification problems, making
comparation, decide what people must do to overcome the existing problem and learning
from their experiences.The qualitative means that the research which is used to investigate
the natural object condition where the researcher is as a key instrument ( Sugiono, 2010:1).
Berg in Satori and Komariah ( 2010 : 23) emphasizes that a qualitative research refers to the
meaning, concept, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, simbols and description on things.
In conclusion, this research uses descriptive qualitative method and the result is written based
on descriptive data.
The Participants
The participants of this study are the eleventh grade students from senior high school
in Jambi city. The total of participants was about 48 students from six classes. The
participants were chosen using random sampling with lottery.
Data Collection Procedurs
For analyzing data, the researcher uses close questionaire and interview to know the
perception of the students in this study. Interview completed the students‟ questionaire
answer.
FINDING
Questionnaire Result
The researcher used close questionnaire to find out the English teachers‟ competences
in teaching and learning activities. There were 20 questions in questionnaire sheet. It was
divided into four sub-variable namely ; professionalism competence, social competence,
personal competence and pedagogy competence. The result can be seen in tables as follows:
1. Profesionalism Competence
Professionalism competence consists of knowledge, attitude and professionalism skill.
Government Rule no. 19 th. 2005 says that professionalism competence means a mastering
skill in learning largely and deeply in order to submit the competence standard that has been
made National education standard.
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For the sake of this research, the profesionalism divided into five indicators. The
indicators are about how the teacher teaches in a class, the methode, time and material that
teacher has given to students.
The result of this competence showed that the average of teachers‟ profesionalism
competence based on the students‟ perception is 198,8 or in strong interval. It means students
agree that their teacher has good profesionalism competence. The highest score is reached by
the indicator number two (2) , that is „Your English teacher teaches the subject used orally
and written clearly, correctly and well‟ with score 211 or very strong. It proves that the
English teachers have taught the students clearly. While the lowest score is got by the
indicator number five (5) with score 178 or strong interval. So, eventhough the indicator
number five (5) is the lowest, but it still in positive students‟ perception.
2. Social Competence
According to Government Rule no. 19 th. 2005, social competence is educator ability
as a part of society to communicate and collaborate effectively with education participants,
the educator or teacher, students‟ parent, and society around them. Sanusi in Saudagar and
Ali Idrus (2009 : 80) adds that social competence consists of adaptation ability in work and
environment around in their job as teacher.
Social competence has five indicators. Each indicator states about the teacher material
and the way of teacher transfers the knowkedge to students in social activity. The result of
social competence based on students perception showed that the average of social
competence is strong with score 172, 6. It means students‟ agree that their teachers has good
social competence. The highest score for this competence is the indicator number one (1) that
is „Guru Bahasa Inggris anda mengaitkan materi pembelajaran dengan kehidupan sehari-hari
yang relevan‟ with score 183 or in strong interval. It proves that the English teachers success
to create the atmosphere in learning by using the simple sample in easier students. While the
lowest is the indicator number two (2) that is „Your English teacher relates the material to the
situation around “with score 165 or in strong interval. It means they agree that their English
teachers has good relation with them.
3. Personal Competence
According to Satori and Komariah (2010 : 25) Personal competences is competency
about teachers‟ attitude where they should have good values in their daily life. Then,
Government Rule no. 19 th. 2005 says about personal competence consists of religious
person, wise, though, stabile, mature, honest, can evaluate his self, and ready to improve their
ability.
Personal competence has five indicators. Each indicator states about the teachers‟
personality and their relation to students in daily life. The result of personal competence
based on students perception showed that the average of personal competence is strong with
score 183,4. It means students‟ agree that their teachers has personal competence. The highest
score for this competence is the indicator number four (4) that is „Your English teacher
explains the material accordance to the syllabus and curriculum right now„ with score 197 or
in strong interval. It proves that the English teachers care to the education rules.
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4. Pedagogy Competence
Samani in Saudagar and Ali Idrus (2009 : 34) states that pedagogy competences is
ability about students‟ learning management which consists of (i) understanding about
education knowledge , (ii) understanding about students, (iii) developing the syllabus and
curriculum, (iv) learning design, (v) technology learning usage, (vi) learning result and
evaluation proccess and (vii) students development.
Pedagogy competence has five indicators. Each indicator states about the teachers‟
ability in teaching English to students. The result of personal competence based on students
perception showed that the average of pedagogy competence is strong with score 183,4. It
means students‟ agree that their teachers has good ability in teaching English. The highest
score for this competence is the indicator number three (3) that is „Your English teacher
grows up the fun and enthusiaticsm students in learning by giving a joke when teaching
English„ with score 205 or in very strong interval. It proves that the English teachers are able
in teaching. While the lowest is the indicator number five (5) that is „ Your English teacher
makes the conclusion of learning result by asking students to repeat everything that they just
have learned‟ with score 167 or in strong interval.
Interview Result
The interview result indicates the good opinion from the students. The students that
have been interviewed are ten students. Most of them give the positive answer. The
explanation can beseen as follows:
For the question number one (1) „How does your English teacher teaches students in
class room?‟. Most of students said that their teacher teaching is fun and easy to understand.
They did not have problem in learning English during they have taught English in SMA N 3
Jambi. They also added that their English teachers always have time to repeat the difficult
subject if students still did not understand. Overal, they did not have complain in the
teachers‟ attitude when they taught English.
The question number two (2) is about „What are the advantages and disadvantages of
your English teacher when she taught in class room?‟ got the positive answer as well. Most of
students stated that their English teachers are very kind, so they are comfort in learning
English, but sometime they felt boring because the nglish teachers did not give them games to
relax their mind.
For question number three (3) „How is your English teacher‟s attitude in
communicatint to the other teachers and students?‟, all of students said that their English
teachers have good communication between them and the other teachers. Students always
come to their English teacher when they got complain or did not understand well about the
subject, and then the teachers will explain it more and more.
Most of students gave answer „yes‟ in the question number four (4) „Are you
inspirated by your English teacher? Give reason!‟. Most of students give answer that they got
inspirated by their English teacher. The reason is because their teacher have smart figure for
them. Because of the teachers‟ condition, the students loved to learn English.
In question number five (5), „What does the good things that you love from your
English teacher?‟. Most of students said their English teacher is kind, smart and open minded.
Teachers always give them new point of view in learning English. They did not feel difficult
in accepting the material.
The opposite of the last question is „What does the bad things that you love from your
English teacher?‟. Students answered that sometime teachers forget to get relax a while when
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they taught in a class. It sometimes made students boring and tired. Students loved to learn
Enlish but they more love if teachers also give them somthing fun to entertaint them.
Based on students‟ perception about the question number seven (7) „Based on your
opinion, what does the profesional teacher?‟. Most of them answered that the profesionalism
teacher shoul be able teaching well and know how to make the learning situtaion being
comfort.
For the question number eight(8) „Based on your opinio, is your English teacher
profesional in teaching?‟. Most of them stated „yes‟ because most of them succsess in getting
good score and they also undertand the material well.
„Are you satisfied in leaning English ?‟ is the ninth (9) question. The students stated
that most of them feel satisfied in their English teachers‟ teaching. They are satisfied because
they understand the material and always got good score in test.
The last question is „What is your expectation for the future?‟. In this question,
students hope that English teachers must keep their competence or make it higher and higher.
They also suggested that the English teachers should got more facilitation in teacheng such as
good media and reference to teach English.
Based on the interview result, it proved that students have good perception about their
English teacher. They answered it based on what they thought without influencing from their
English teachers. They also stated that they told the true, so their opinion can be believed.
Discussion
There are four competencies are measured in this research, namely profesionalism,
social, personal and pedagogy. Based on the result, all of the competencies get the positive
respon from students.
Profesional competencies consists of knowledge, attitude and professionalism skill. It
started from the simple one like come on time in teaching time. The result shows that English
teacher has good time management, good attitude in teaching and good knowledge. It means
the English teacher has high responsibility in accepting her job. The English teacher does not
only has good knowledge but also he must develop her knowledge. Then, attitude become
one of the way to measure the profesionalism compente. The attitude in this competence is a
teaching attitude. As an English teacher, he need to have good attitude in teaching. The
English teacher must know how to explain the material and treat the students in class room.
The second competence is social competence. It is about how the English teacher
aplicate and adaptate their knowledge in social life. It is also about how the English teacher
get good social interaction to the students in class room. She must care to the students so
students will not be afraid when they want to ask something. The result shows that English
teacher in their school has good social competence. He know how to make students feel
comfort in class room by understanding what they want. He also give more attention during
the teaching session. Besides, he is able to relate the topic to the environment around him in
order to make students easy to understand the material.
Personal competence is more concern to the teacher‟s self attitude. It is about how he
does something,how he speaks to students, how he treats about something and how he solve
the problem when he teach well. It is also about how wise he is when he taught in the class
room. The result shows that the English teacher has good personal competence in teaching
students. It means he is wise in facing the students and she know well how to understand
them when he taught English.
The last is pedagogy competence. This competence is more concern to the how the English
teacher teaches the students in class room, because it is about the teacher teaching‟s skill.
This competence can be seen from the teaching step , how he manages the class room and
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how he uses the learning media. The result shows that the English teacher has completed the
criteria. So, it means the English teacher can manage class well and he is effective in using
learning media.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion
From the finding and discussion, it can be concluded that based on the senior high
school Jambi students‟ perception, they have positive perception to their English Teacher.
They believed that based on what have they seen, felt and done, their English teacher has
good competence in four aspect of competence (profesionalism, social,personal and
pedagogy). Furthermore, the highest competence is profesionalism competence with 198,8
score and in strong interval. The average of all competence is 184,5 or in strong interval. It
proved that the English teachers in their school in Jambi has good competence.
Suggestion
Based on the conclusion above, it is suggested for the English teachers to be more
rising their competence by following some seminar about education, treaning, read new
information from any media and using method, technique and media in teaching English.
Then, it will be better if English teachers more creative in teaching by giving students some
topics that close with their daily activities to grow their enthusiasticsm. It is also suggested to
school to improve the facilities in order to support teaching profesionalism.
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