ABPI Guidelines for Phase 1 Clinical Trials (PDF
ABPI Guidelines for Phase 1 Clinical Trials (PDF
ABPI Guidelines for Phase 1 Clinical Trials (PDF
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Appendix 3: Challenge agents<br />
Some examples of challenge agents and their uses**<br />
Challenge agent Activity Route of adminstration and use<br />
allergens<br />
AMP<br />
Capsaicin<br />
histamine<br />
hyoscine<br />
ipecac<br />
isoprenaline<br />
norepinephrine<br />
methacholine<br />
substance P<br />
serotonin<br />
tyramine<br />
P450 probes*<br />
allergy<br />
transmitter release<br />
villanoid receptor agonist<br />
H 1- & H 2- agonist<br />
muscarinic antagonist<br />
causes nausea and vomiting<br />
b-receptor agonist<br />
a- &- b-receptor agonist<br />
muscarinic receptor agozst<br />
NK-receptor agonist<br />
5-HT agonist<br />
norepinephrine release<br />
P450 phenotypes<br />
© Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry 2007<br />
skin prick or inhalation (asthma only); to assess<br />
anti-allergy activity<br />
inhalation; to assess anti-allergy effect<br />
inhalation; stimulates cough reflex<br />
skin prick; to assess anti-allergy activity<br />
sc; dementia model<br />
oral; to assess anti-emetic activity via<br />
5-HT 3 or NK 1 receptor inhibition<br />
iv; to assess blocking activity<br />
iv; to assess blocking activity<br />
inhalation; to assess airway responsiveness<br />
skin prick; to assess NK blocking activity<br />
iv, to assess blocking activity<br />
oral or iv; to assess MAO-B selectivity<br />
oral; to assess potential <strong>for</strong> interactions with<br />
established medicines<br />
PET SPECT<br />
radioisotope half-life (min) radioisotope half-life (h)<br />
82 Rb 1 99m Tc 6<br />
15 O 2 123 I 13<br />
13 N 10 111 In 67<br />
11 C 20 201 Tl 73<br />
68 Ga 68 133 Xe 126<br />
18 F 111<br />
* There are various probes, including 'cocktails', 77-79 to assess the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes 1A2, 3A4,<br />
2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1, and N-acetyltransferase-2.<br />
** More details of challenge agents (or non-IMP) will be put on the MHRA website (Section 31).<br />
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