Nutrition in the First 1,000 Days - Save the Children

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S av e t h e c h i l D r e N · S tat e o F t h e Wo r l D ’ S M ot h e r S 2 0 1 2 15 the gloBal MalNUtritioN criSiS One in four of the world’s children are chronically malnourished, also known as stunted. These are children who have not gotten the essential nutrients they need, and their bodies and brains have not developed properly. The damage often begins before a child is born, when a poorly nourished mother cannot pass along adequate nutrition to the baby in her womb. She then gives birth to an underweight infant. If she is impoverished, overworked, poorly educated or in poor health, she may be at greater risk of not being able to feed her baby adequately. The child may endure more frequent infections, which will also deprive the growing body of essential nutrients. Children under age 2 are especially vulnerable, and the negative effects of malnutrition at this age are largely irreversible. The issue of chronic malnutrition, as opposed to acute malnutrition (as in the Horn of Africa in the last year) seldom grabs the headlines, yet it is slowly destroying the potential of millions of children. Globally, 171 million children are experiencing chronic malnutrition,9 which leaves a large portion of the world’s children not only shorter than they otherwise would be, but also facing cognitive impairment that lasts a lifetime. More than 80 countries in the developing world have child stunting rates of 20 percent or more. Thirty of these countries have what are considered to be “very high” stunting rates of 40 percent or more.10 Four countries – Afghanistan, Burundi, Timor-Leste and Yemen – have stunting rates close to 60 percent.11 As much as a third of children in Asia are stunted12 (100 million of the global total).13 In Africa, almost 2 in 5 children are stunted – a total of 60 million children.14 This largely unnoticed child malnutrition crisis is robbing the health of tomorrow’s adults, eroding the foundations of the global economy, and threatening global stability. thirty Countries have stunting Rates of 40% or more Percent of children under age 5 who are moderately or severely stunted — Data sources: Who global Database on child growth and Malnutrition (who.int/nutgrowthdb/); UNiceF global Databases (childinfo.org); recent DhS and MicS surveys (as of april 2012) Chronic malnutrition Causes three times as many Child deaths as acute malnutrition chronic malnutrition (stunting) acute malnutrition (severe wasting) Data not available less than 5 percent 5-19 percent 20-29 percent 30-39 percent 40 percent or more child deaths (1,000s) % of all child deaths 1,100 14.5 340 4.4 low birthweight* 250 3.3 total** 1,600 21.4% — * Deaths are for low birthweight (lBW) due to intrauterine growth restriction, the primary cause of lBW in developing countries. ** totals do not equal column sums as they take into account the joint distrubtion of stunting and severe wasting. — Note: the share of global under-5 deaths directly attributed to nutritional status measures are for 2004 as reported in The Lancet (robert e. Black, et al. “Maternal and child Undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences,” 2008). total number of deaths are calculated by Save the children based on child mortality in 2010 (UNiceF. The State of the World’s Children 2012, table 1).
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S av e t h e c h i l D r e N · S t
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creDitS managing editor tracy geogh
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Nutrition in the First 1,000 Days - Save the Children

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