Geometria Fractal: jugant amb el caos i la natura - Facultat de ...
Geometria Fractal: jugant amb el caos i la natura - Facultat de ...
Geometria Fractal: jugant amb el caos i la natura - Facultat de ...
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ÍNDEX<br />
0. Presentació, objectius i organització..............................................................................................1<br />
1. El Món <strong>Fractal</strong>................................................................................................................................3<br />
1.1. Mand<strong>el</strong>brot i <strong>la</strong> <strong>Geometria</strong> <strong>Fractal</strong>................................................................................................3<br />
1.2. Definició <strong>de</strong> fractal........................................................................................................................5<br />
1.3. Propietats fonamentals.................................................................................................................6<br />
1.4. C<strong>la</strong>ssificació d<strong>el</strong>s fractals...............................................................................................................7<br />
1.5. <strong>Fractal</strong>s a <strong>la</strong> <strong>natura</strong>........................................................................................................................7<br />
1.6. Aplicacions....................................................................................................................................9<br />
2. <strong>Fractal</strong>s geomètrics i dimensió fractal..........................................................................................11<br />
2.1. Iteracions....................................................................................................................................11<br />
2.2. Dimensió fractal..........................................................................................................................12<br />
2.3. <strong>Fractal</strong>s geomètrics més "clàssics"..............................................................................................15<br />
2.3.1. Conjunt <strong>de</strong> Cantor..............................................................................................................15<br />
2.3.2. Corba <strong>de</strong> Peano..................................................................................................................18<br />
2.3.3. Corba <strong>de</strong> Koch....................................................................................................................19<br />
2.3.4. Floc <strong>de</strong> neu <strong>de</strong> Koch...........................................................................................................21<br />
2.3.5. Triangle <strong>de</strong> Sierpinski.........................................................................................................24<br />
2.3.6. Tetraedre <strong>de</strong> Sierpinski.......................................................................................................27<br />
2.3.7. Catifa <strong>de</strong> Sierpinski.............................................................................................................30<br />
2.3.8. Esponja <strong>de</strong> Menger.............................................................................................................33<br />
2.3.9. Tau<strong>la</strong> comparativa..............................................................................................................37<br />
3. <strong>Fractal</strong>s al p<strong>la</strong> complex. Mand<strong>el</strong>brot, Julia i Newton.....................................................................39<br />
3.1. Complexos...................................................................................................................................40<br />
3.2. Conjunts <strong>de</strong> Julia.........................................................................................................................43<br />
3.3. Conjunt <strong>de</strong> Mand<strong>el</strong>brot..............................................................................................................47<br />
3.4. <strong>Fractal</strong> d<strong>el</strong> Mèto<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Newton...................................................................................................50<br />
4. Els IFS i <strong>el</strong> "Joc d<strong>el</strong> Caos"..............................................................................................................55<br />
4.1. Introducció a <strong>la</strong> MRCM (Multiple Reduction Copy Machine)......................................................55<br />
4.2. Transformacions afins.................................................................................................................58<br />
4.3. IFS (Iterated Funtion System): Sistema <strong>de</strong> Funciones Itera<strong>de</strong>s...................................................62<br />
4.3.1. MRCM = IFS.......................................................................................................................62<br />
4.3.2. IFS Determinista................................................................................................................62<br />
4.3.3. Teorema d<strong>el</strong> Col<strong>la</strong>ge..........................................................................................................63<br />
4.4. <strong>Fractal</strong>s IFS..................................................................................................................................64