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Seminario Gaia y la Naturaleza de la Ciencia - Umbral

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22Hipótesis fundamentales <strong>de</strong>l Mundo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s MargaritasPrimera. La temperatura p<strong>la</strong>netaria <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>rá <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> cantidad neta <strong>de</strong> radiación <strong>de</strong> onda<strong>la</strong>rga emitida por <strong>la</strong> superficie, que a su vez <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> cantidad <strong>de</strong> radiación <strong>de</strong> ondacorta que llega a <strong>la</strong> superficie. La temperatura p<strong>la</strong>netaria se calcu<strong>la</strong> utilizando unaecuación clásica <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> física, l<strong>la</strong>mada Ley <strong>de</strong> Stefan-Boltzman [1], <strong>la</strong> cual se expresamediante <strong>la</strong> ecuación: F = e * s * A * T 4 [1]Don<strong>de</strong> F: flujo <strong>de</strong> energía <strong>de</strong> emisión superficial (Joules / seg); e: emisividad <strong>de</strong>l objeto(adimensional); s: constante <strong>de</strong> Stefan-Boltzman (5.67E-8 (Joules/seg * m 2 * K 4 )); A: áreasuperficial <strong>de</strong>l objeto (m²); T: temperatura <strong>de</strong>l objeto (grados Kelvin)Segunda. La energía emitida por <strong>la</strong> superficie será igual a <strong>la</strong> energía absorbida por ésta.Tercera. La energía absorbida por <strong>la</strong> superficie será igual a <strong>la</strong> energía recibida <strong>de</strong>l solmenos <strong>la</strong> reflejada por <strong>la</strong> superficie.Cuarta. La energía recibida será igual al flujo <strong>de</strong> luminosidad so<strong>la</strong>r.Quinta. La energía reflejada será igual a <strong>la</strong> energía recibida por el albedo p<strong>la</strong>netario.Sexta. El factor <strong>de</strong> crecimiento <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s margaritas respon<strong>de</strong> a <strong>la</strong> ecuación <strong>de</strong> una parábo<strong>la</strong>.Séptima. La temperatura local <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s zonas pob<strong>la</strong>das por margaritas actuará como factorregu<strong>la</strong>dor <strong>de</strong>l crecimiento.Cuadro 1. Parámetros relevantes. Ejemplos <strong>de</strong> convertidores. Tomado <strong>de</strong> Mo<strong>de</strong>lingDaisyworld”.Avg_P<strong>la</strong>net_Temp = ((So<strong>la</strong>r_Luminosity*So<strong>la</strong>r_Flux_Constant*(1-p<strong>la</strong>netary_albedo) /SB_constant)^.25) -273 {energy ba<strong>la</strong>nce to calcu<strong>la</strong>te temperature in °C}b<strong>la</strong>ck_albedo = .25B<strong>la</strong>ck_Growth_fact = 1-.003265*((22.5-Temp_B<strong>la</strong>ck_Land)^2) {this is the equation for aparabo<strong>la</strong> like that shown in Figure 8.03}<strong>de</strong>ath_rate = 0.3heat_absorp_fact = 20 {this controls how the local temperatures of the daisies differ fromthe average p<strong>la</strong>netary temperature}p<strong>la</strong>netary_albedo = (Uncovered_Area*uncovered_albedo) + (B<strong>la</strong>ck_Area*b<strong>la</strong>ck_albedo) +(White_Area*white_albedo)SB_constant = 5.669E-8 {Stefan-Boltzmann constant W/°K^4}So<strong>la</strong>r_Flux_Constant = 917 {W/m 2 -- for reference, our Sun cranks out 1370 W/m 2 }Temp_B<strong>la</strong>ck_Land = heat_absorp_fact*(p<strong>la</strong>netary_albedob<strong>la</strong>ck_albedo)+Avg_P<strong>la</strong>net_TempTemp_White_Land = heat_absorp_fact*(p<strong>la</strong>netary_albedo-white_albedo) +Avg_P<strong>la</strong>net_TempT_Dead_P<strong>la</strong>net = ((So<strong>la</strong>r_Luminosity*So<strong>la</strong>r_Flux_Constant*(1-.5)/SB_constant)^.25)-273{energy ba<strong>la</strong>nce to calcu<strong>la</strong>te temperature in °C of a p<strong>la</strong>net with no daisies}uncovered_albedo = .5white_albedo = .75

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