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Culture maraîchère | Economie d’énergie sous serre par intégration <strong>de</strong>s températures en culture <strong>de</strong> tomate sur substrat<br />

Summary<br />

Energy saving process un<strong>de</strong>r<br />

glasshouse by temperature<br />

integration over 24 hours in<br />

tomato culture on substrate<br />

Managing climate in the glasshouse<br />

by temperature integration<br />

(TI) over a 24-hour period<br />

is one of the ways to save energy.<br />

Three trials from 2006 to<br />

2008 in tomato crops on substrate<br />

showed that an energy<br />

saving potential of 15 to 30 % is<br />

possib<strong>le</strong> with TI compared to<br />

the standard temperature<br />

treatment. The annual yield<br />

was not influenced by TI in two<br />

of the three years. The TI reduced<br />

slightly the yield during<br />

the first cultivation period till<br />

mid-July. However, during the<br />

second period the yield was<br />

higher due to plant compensatory<br />

effects. In 2008 though,<br />

annual yield was penalised<br />

mainly due to prob<strong>le</strong>ms of pollination<br />

during the second cultivation<br />

period in the TI treatment.<br />

On the other hand, the<br />

temperature integration influenced<br />

neither the analytical<br />

quality of the fruits, nor the <strong>de</strong>velopment<br />

of pests, beneficial<br />

insects and diseases. The results<br />

confirm that temperature<br />

integration is a useful method<br />

to save energy. The conditions<br />

to respect in or<strong>de</strong>r to avoid<br />

yield reductions are discussed.<br />

Key words: temperature<br />

integration, tomato,<br />

glasshouse, energy saving.<br />

Zusammenfassung<br />

b Nieuwhof M., Keizer L. C. P. & Van Oeveren J. C., 1997. Effects of temperature<br />

on growth and <strong>de</strong>velopment of adult plant of genotypes of tomato<br />

(Lycopersicon escu<strong>le</strong>ntum Mill.). Journal of Genetics and Breeding 50,<br />

185 – 193.<br />

b Van <strong>de</strong>r Ploeg A. & Heuvelink E., 2005. Influence of sub-optimal temperature on<br />

tomato growth and yield: a review. Journal of horticultural Science & Biotechnology<br />

80 (6), 652 – 659.<br />

Energiesparmassnahmen<br />

im Gewächshaus mittels<br />

Temperaturintegration während<br />

24 Stun<strong>de</strong>n im Tomatenanbau<br />

auf Substrat<br />

Die Än<strong>de</strong>rung <strong>de</strong>r Klimaführung<br />

im Gewächshaus mittels<br />

Temperaturintegration (TI)<br />

während 24 Stun<strong>de</strong>n ist einer<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Wege, um Energie zu<br />

sparen. Drei Versuche von 2006<br />

bis 2008 im Tomatenanbau auf<br />

Substrat haben gezeigt, dass<br />

eine Energieeinsparung von 15<br />

bis 30 % möglich ist im Verg<strong>le</strong>ich<br />

zur klassischen Temperaturführung.<br />

In zwei von drei<br />

Versuchsjahren ist <strong>de</strong>r Jahresertrag<br />

durch die unterschiedliche<br />

Temperaturführung nicht<br />

beeinflusst wor<strong>de</strong>n. Die TI hat<br />

in <strong>de</strong>r ersten Kulturphase bis<br />

Mitte Juli <strong>de</strong>n Ertrag <strong>le</strong>icht<br />

reduziert. In <strong>de</strong>r zweiten Phase<br />

dagegen war <strong>de</strong>r Ertrag etwas<br />

höher aufgrund von kompensatorischen<br />

Effekten innerhalb<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Pflanze. Im 2008 war <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Jahresertrag im TI-Verfahren<br />

reduziert, vor al<strong>le</strong>m aufgrund<br />

von Befruchtungsprob<strong>le</strong>men in<br />

<strong>de</strong>r zweiten Kulturperio<strong>de</strong>. Die<br />

TI hat we<strong>de</strong>r die analytische<br />

Qualität <strong>de</strong>r Früchte, noch die<br />

Entwicklung von Schädlingen,<br />

Nützlingen und Krankheiten<br />

beeinflusst. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen,<br />

dass die Temperaturintegration<br />

eine nützliche<br />

Metho<strong>de</strong> ist, um Energie einzusparen.<br />

Massnahmen, die zu<br />

berücksichtigen sind, um Ertragsvermin<strong>de</strong>rungen<br />

zu vermei<strong>de</strong>n,<br />

wer<strong>de</strong>n diskutiert.<br />

130 <strong>Revue</strong> <strong>suisse</strong> Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture | Vol 42 (2): 122–130, 2010<br />

Riassunto<br />

Risparmio energetico in serra<br />

per l'integrazione <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> temperature<br />

nella coltivazione di<br />

pomodori su substrato<br />

La modifica <strong>de</strong>lla gestione <strong>de</strong>l<br />

clima attraverso l’integrazione<br />

<strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> temperature (IT) nell’arco<br />

<strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> 24 ore è una <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> possibilità<br />

di risparmiare <strong>de</strong>ll’energia<br />

nel<strong>le</strong> colture serrico<strong>le</strong>. I tre anni<br />

di prova – dal 2006 al 2008 –<br />

nella coltivazione di pomodori<br />

su substrato, hanno dimostrato<br />

che è possibi<strong>le</strong> raggiungere un<br />

risparmio energetico <strong>de</strong>l<br />

15 % – 30 %. Tuttavia, la resa<br />

annua<strong>le</strong> non è stata, in due<br />

anni su tre, influenzata dal<strong>le</strong> diverse<br />

gestioni <strong>de</strong>l clima. L’IT ha<br />

<strong>le</strong>ggermente ridotto la resa<br />

nella prima fase di coltura, fino<br />

a metà luglio. Per contro, grazie<br />

a <strong>de</strong>i processi di compensazione<br />

<strong>de</strong>lla pianta, la resa è stata<br />

più e<strong>le</strong>vata nella seconda fase.<br />

Nel 2008 la resa <strong>de</strong>lla serra IT è<br />

stata penalizzata essenzialmente<br />

in seguito a <strong>de</strong>i prob<strong>le</strong>mi<br />

di al<strong>le</strong>gagione durante la seconda<br />

fase di coltivazione.<br />

D’altron<strong>de</strong>, l’integrazione <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong><br />

temperature non ha avuto<br />

effetto né sulla qualità analitica<br />

<strong>de</strong>i frutti, né sullo sviluppo<br />

di parassiti, ausiliari e malattie.<br />

I risultati confermano che<br />

l’integrazione <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> temperature<br />

è un metodo uti<strong>le</strong> per risparmiare<br />

energia. Le condizioni<br />

da rispettare in modo da<br />

evitare diminuzioni di resa<br />

sono discusse.<br />

Remerciements<br />

Toute l’équipe du groupe culture sous serre <strong>de</strong> la Station <strong>de</strong> recherche Agroscope<br />

Changins-Wä<strong>de</strong>nswil ACW ainsi que <strong>le</strong>s stagiaires et apprentis qui ont participé à<br />

ces expérimentations sont remerciés pour <strong>le</strong>ur précieux travail.

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