Kis- és középvállaltok mint a gazdaságélénkítés tényezői - Általános ...

enterprise decreases). Banks rarely risk in establishing small enterprises or in financing the phase of
transforming small enterprises into medium ones. Start-up credits are the most risky bank investments
because they need to credit clients having not yet approved in some previous business. These credits
are very risky for commercial banks regarding the statistical fact that one of five new projects becomes
profitable.
Banks, before all, take care of risk-decrease so it is clear that ‘classical’ banks are not interested
in financing such projects. When approving credits, banks always require evidence that the loan
applicant is capable of earning money. In Serbia, the situation is even more complicated because the
National Bank has extremely high rates of reservation for risky investment of capital where start-up
credits belong. As a resource of security, banks require mortgages in relation three to one.
This market segment, where commercial banks do not want to risk, but it is necessary for the
economy, should be taken over by the Development Fund of the Republic of Serbia. The Development
Fund should approve credits with the mortgage of 1:1.5 or 1:1. The Government should support such
projects through subventions taking responsibility for credits. With new successful companies, new
jobs, new services, new sources of income from taxes, the State would return its resources having
been previously invested. The condition is a good framework that would enable that the best and the
most perspective have access to these credits.
This autumn, the Ministry of Economics has approved credits for starting business, through the
Development Fund and the aid of the Agency for Small and Medium Enterprises. Credits for beginners
without mortgages were approved in the amount of €5.000 to €15.000, and credits for legal entities
for €5.000 to €15.000. All the interested can have training in start-up business and carrying out
business plans. 4 According to the data of the Agency, applicants requested credits in average about
€20.000. It is expected this project to enable opening about 600 new enterprises.
Although these credits cannot be taken for trade and taxicab transport, entering the world of
business is still connected mostly to trade. Of 195.293 registered entrepreneurs in Serbia about 50.000
of them belong to retail business. Seventeen thousands entrepreneurs registered for taxicab service
are second place in the “entrepreneur list”. They also recognized interest in the field of beauty. There
are in total (registered) 9.000 beauty shops, cosmetics and other shops. In the first ten entrepreneurial
activities, there is no one in the field of production.
The Ministry of Economy and Regional Development and the Agency for Trade Register announced
the start of the project of one stop shop that will enable that at one desk in the Agency for Trade
Register finish all necessary procedures about registering the enterprise, getting the tax identification
number and register the employed for health care and the PIO fund. The time necessary to establish
a firm will be shortened from 18 to 12 days.
To reach the goal the agency will simplify and unite all the procedures in the process of registering
in different state institutions and the data will be distributed and transferred electronically. The project
of “one stop shop” is important because the connection of all the state institutions into one united
electronic database on economic subjects will unveil phantom firms.
***
SMEs can contribute to the recovery and development of Serbia. Therefore, it is necessary to
provide conditions to use this potential. The modalities of financial and non-financial aid should be
defined in accordance with entrepreneurs’ needs, and for their efficient realization it is necessary to
build new institutions as in developed market economies.
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XXI. Század – Tudományos Közlemények 2008/19