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mematiane<br />
liaxvis xeoba gamoirCeva Tavisi istoriul-kulturuli<br />
memkvidreobiT. aq mdebare TiToeul sofels Tavisi saintereso<br />
istoria aqvs. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia is faqti,<br />
rom TiToeuli Zegli, romelic am xeobaSi mdebareobs<br />
uZvelesi da unikaluria. da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania<br />
cixe-simagre, taZrebi, Tu sxva, romelime Zeglis mSenebloba,<br />
mxolod qarTvelebis saxels ukavSideba, agebulia qarTveli<br />
mefeebis da xelosnebis mier. aseve uamravi istoriuli<br />
Tu arqeologiuri masala mowmobs imaze, rom qarTvelebi<br />
am ulamazes mxareSi uZvelesi droidan cxovroben, xolo<br />
osebis Camosaxleba CrdloeTi mxaris mTiani soflebidan X<br />
saukunidan iwyeba da XIIsaukunemde grZeldeba.<br />
didi liaxvispira cixe-simagreTa Soris gansakuTrebuli<br />
adgili uWiravs kexvis cixes... igi dgas samaCabloSi,<br />
sofeli kexvis maxloblad, soflidan Crdilo dasavleTiT<br />
1km_ze, didi liaxvis marjvena mxares, maRali mTis wverze.<br />
SedarebiT advilad misadgom mTaze. mSeneblobisTvis, rogorc<br />
Cans, mTavari iyo ara miudgomloba, aramed is, rom<br />
cixidan kontroldeba didi liaxvis xeoba, gza da mimdebare<br />
qedebis kalTebi.<br />
pirvelad am adgilze didi zomis koSki mdgara, romlisTvisac<br />
samxreTiT miuSenebiaT galavani. am galavnis<br />
dangrevis Semdeg, Zveli naSTebis gamoyenebiT, augiaT axali,<br />
ufro vrcelkoSkiani galavani. momdevno periodSi<br />
galavnisTvis miudgamT Sesasvleli koSkic. bolos mtris<br />
SemosevaTa gaxSirebis gamo kidev (ukve qveda terasaze)<br />
agebul iqna damatebiTi galavani koSkiT.<br />
Tavdapirveli koSki arawesieri ovaluri gegmisaa.<br />
pirveli sarTuli 4-m-is simaRlidan iwyeba. zeda kedlebs<br />
orfenianoba etyoba. pirveli fenidan darCenilia ori sar-<br />
Tuli. koSkis dazianebis Semdeg CrdiloeTisa da samxre-<br />
Tis kalTebi xelaxla augiaT da, imave dros, mesame da<br />
meoTxe sarTulebic dauSenebiaT. Tavdapirveli galavnidan<br />
nawilobriv gadarCenilia aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis<br />
kedlebi, romelTa simaRle 10 metrs aRwevs.<br />
cixeSi Sesasvleli mowyobilia dasavleTiT, mravalsar-<br />
Tuliani koSkis qveda nawilSi. ezoSi myofi meomrebisTvis<br />
kedelSi buxaria ganTavsebuli. Zveli kedlebi yrua. dacva,<br />
albaT, galavnis zeda nawilidan xdeboda. aq iyo mowyobili<br />
xis sabrZolo bilikic. SemorCenilia saTofurebi<br />
da buxrebi.<br />
mcire zomis samxreT-aRmosavleTis koSkis gegma samkuTxeds<br />
uaxlovdeba. sarTulebze moTavsebulia kar-sarkmlebi<br />
da saTofurebi, sxvadasxva daniSnulebis niSebi da<br />
buxrebi. es koSki da masTan erTad imave periodis sxva<br />
kedlebic TariRdeba XVII saukunis pirveli naxevriT.<br />
ezos dasavleT monakveTSi raRac Senobebi mdgara, Crdilo<br />
kedelze ki midgmuli yofila didi moculobis wyalsacavi.<br />
wyalsadeniT aq wylis mitana sakmao sirTules<br />
warmoadgenda. manavis cixis msgavsad, SesaZloa, aqac an iqve<br />
agrovebdnen wvimis wyals, an Soridan mohqondaT.<br />
kexvis cixe<br />
werilobiT wyaroebSi kexvis cixe ixsenieba 1578 wlis<br />
ambebTan dakavSirebiT. TurqTa jarma mustafa lala-faSas<br />
meTaurobiT sZlia iranis jars da daikava aRmosavleTi<br />
saqarTvelo. SeSinebulma Sahma gaanTavisufla tyveobaSi<br />
myofi simon mefe da samSobloSi gamogzavna osmalTa winaaRmdeg<br />
sabrZolvelad. mefem sZlia momxvdurT da sastikad<br />
dasaja Turqebis momxreni. pirvel rigSi vaxtang<br />
muxran-batoni daiWira da kexvis cixeSi gamoamwyvdia, orgulobisa<br />
da Turqebis mxardaWeris braldebiT.<br />
vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, 1625 wels, giorgi saaka-<br />
Zem sxva cixeebTan erTad gaamagra kexvis cixec, radgan liaxvis<br />
xeoba strategiulad saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanes<br />
kuTxes warmoadgenda, giorgi saakaZes ramdenime brZolis<br />
gadatanac mouxda am cixesTan. cnobilia, rom iranis Sahis<br />
laSqari giorgi saakaZem swored aq daamarcxa da gaaqcia<br />
saqarTvelodan. miuxedavad am marcxisa irani kvlav saqarTvelos<br />
erT-erT mniSvnelovan mtrad rCeboda da cdilobda<br />
Sahi rogorme daemorCilebina da xelSi Caegdo saqarTvelos<br />
umniSvnelovanesi, strategiuli kuTxeebi da Semdeg<br />
ufro gauadvildeboda mTlianad qveynis damorCileba.<br />
XVIIIsaukunis meore meoTxedSi cixes flobs givi amilaxvari.<br />
am periodSi saqarTveloSi Zalian mZime viTarebaa.<br />
Sida qarTli, surami, Sida komunikaciebi, axalcixis gzebi,<br />
iranis xelSi iyo. givi amilaxvari nadir-Sahis winaaRmdeg<br />
amzadebs ajanyebas sadac qarTlis mTavari Teimurazi<br />
da kaxeTis mTavari aqtiurad arian CarTuli. daRestanTan<br />
omSi Cabmulma nadir-Sahma erevnisa da ganjis jarebi<br />
Camoiyvana ajanyebis CasaxSobad. qarTvelebi momzadebulebi<br />
Sexvdnen iranis jarebis Semosvlas qveynis teritoriaze.<br />
mteri did zarals naxulobda, Tumca cixeebSi gamagrebul<br />
meamboxebs dids verafers aklebdnen, magram rac ufro did<br />
xans grZeldeboda ajanyeba, miT ufro Canagdeboda qar-<br />
Tli. yizilbaSebi gzad yvelafers arbevdnen, wvavdnen soflebs,<br />
anadgurebdnen mosavals. darbeuli gapartaxebuli<br />
mamulebidan yizilbaSebi malujaTs (gadasaxads) iTxovdnen,<br />
mosaxleoba amden gaWirvebas veRar iTmenda, iyrebodnen<br />
sacxovrebeli adgilebidan da sxvagan gadadiodnen.<br />
kexvis cixis simtkiceze miuTiTebs erTi istoriuli<br />
faqti, romelic 1736 wels miekuTvneba. roca kexvis cixeSi<br />
gamagrebuli givi amilaxvris winaaRmdeg Sahma didZali<br />
jari gamogzavna, amilaxvarma SeZlo da moigeria iranelebis<br />
ramdenime Seteva da maTi jari gaanadgura. SemdgomSi givi<br />
amilaxvari suramis cixeSi gadavida da kexvSi garnizonis<br />
ufrosad datova aragvis erisTavis vaJi saridani. Teimuraz<br />
meorem amilaxvris winaaRmdeg SeTqmulebis momzadeba<br />
daiwyo. 1744 wels man, didi laSqriT alya Semoartya<br />
kexvis cixes da oTxi Tvis uSedego brZolis Semdeg, zarbaznebis<br />
ZaliT aiZula saridani wasuliyo molaparakebaze.<br />
mefem uyoymanod miiRo cixisTavis yvela piroba da am<br />
ukanasknelmac mxolod amis Semdeg Caabara mas kexvis cixe.<br />
iranis Sahma gamogzavna amirindo amilaxvari_davalebiT,<br />
8<br />
daengria suramis da kexvis cixeebi.<br />
1745 wels daingra da ganadgurda kexvis cixis mniSvnelovani<br />
nawili. vin aRadgina cixe, cnobebi ar mogvepoveba.<br />
Tumca arsebobs werili, sadac aleqsandre batoniSvili<br />
wers sardal amilaxvars, rom amagrebs kexvis cixes da Sig<br />
xalxs ayenebs, radgan igi Tvlis, rom kexvis cixis arseboba<br />
liaxvis xeobaSi mniSvnelovania qveynis usafrTxoebisTvis.werili<br />
daTariRebulia 1798 wliT. savaraudod cixe<br />
1798 wels aRdga da ganaxlda aleqsandre batoniSvilis<br />
TaosnobiT.<br />
givi amilaxvris ajanyebam udidesi roli Seasrula<br />
XVIII saukunis saqarTvelos cxovrebaSi. miuxedavad didi<br />
msxverplisa, am ajanyebam xeli aaRebina nadir-Sahs qarTveli<br />
xalxis iranSi gadasaxlebis mzakvrul gegmaze da obieqturi<br />
pirobebi Seamzada qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebisTvis.<br />
xSiri iyo TaTrebis Semosevebi, romlebic awiokebdnen<br />
xeobaSi mcxovrebT, itacebdnen adamianebs da yiddnen. istoriuli<br />
cnobebis mixedviT, givi amilaxvarma samjer daamarcxa<br />
TaTrebi 1736 wels. brZolis epicentri am SemTxveva-<br />
Sic kexvis cixe iyo.<br />
1763 wels samaCablo lekebis Semosevis msxverpli gaxda.<br />
aaoxres soflebi da mZime viTarebaSi Caagdes xeobaSi<br />
mcxovrebi qarTveloba. erekle II aqtiurad Caeba lekTa<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, man saswrafod Sekriba jari, kexvis<br />
cixesTan Seukra gzebi da ramdenime dRiani brZolis Semdeg<br />
lekebi gaanadgura, maTi nawili tyved aiyvana, nawilma ki<br />
gaqceviT uSvela Tavs.<br />
1801 wlidan cixe erekle meoris qvrivs, darejans ekuTvnis.<br />
kexvis cixemde misasvlel gzaze aris taZris nangrevebi,<br />
romelsac adgilobrivebi `dedaRvTisas~ uwodeben. eklesia<br />
ulamazesi arqiteqturuli namuSia. eklesiaSi Sesasvleli<br />
samxreTi kedlis dasavleT nawilSia. absidSi Semonaxulia<br />
reliefuri filis fragmenti, romelzec gamosaxulia `ayvavebuli<br />
jvris~ kompozicia. misgan gadarCenilia jvris<br />
qveda naxevari. taZari XII-XIII saukuniT TariRdeba. istoriuli<br />
cnobebis mixedviT SemTxveviTi ar aris taZris am<br />
adgilas arseboba, qarTveli mefeebi da jariskacebi yoveli<br />
brZolis dawyebis win swored `dedaRvTisas~ taZarSi midiodnen<br />
da muxlmodrekiT ufals Semweobas, qveynis dacvas<br />
da brZolaSi gamarjvebas sTxovdnen. swored es iyo mizezi<br />
qarTvelebis TiTqmis yvela brZolaSi gamarjvebisa. taZris<br />
ngreva ganuwyvetelma omebma gamoiwvia, dRes igi mxolod<br />
nangrevebis saxiTaa SemorCenili.<br />
`iaraRis xma kanons axSobs!~ - ambobdnen Sua saukuneebis<br />
dampyroblebi da daundoblad anadgurebdnen miTvisebuli<br />
teritoriebis kulturas. Sua saukuneebi aRar aris, magram<br />
samaCabloSi ganviTarebulma saomarma moqmedebebma qarTuli<br />
kulturis unikalur nimuSebs sabediswero dartymebi<br />
miayena.<br />
eka kasraZe
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