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20<br />
<strong>moambe</strong><br />
sinagogis kedlebSi Cakiruli istoria<br />
"zrizim makdimim<br />
lemicvoT"<br />
qveynad ori ebraelic rom darCes,<br />
erTi idaraSebs, meore ki moismens.<br />
moaruli gamoTqma<br />
Cveni sazogadoebisTvis cnobilia, rom gasul wels TbilisSi gaimar-<br />
Ta e.w. aSqenazebis ganaxlebuli sinagogis sazeimo gaxsnis ceremoniali.<br />
RonisZiebaSi didZali xalxi monawileobda. zeims daeswro da SekrebilTa<br />
winaSe sityva warmoTqva saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma.<br />
stumarTa Soris imyofeboda saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis<br />
delegacia _ kongresis prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblis Ggabriel<br />
mirilaSvilis meTaurobiT [dawvrilebiTi angariSi am RonisZiebis Sesaxeb<br />
gamoqveynda kongresis Jurnal ‘’erToba’’-Si.].<br />
sinagogis yoveli Senoba calke aRebuli istoriaa _ qvaSi gacxadebuli<br />
istoria. erTi aseTi dramatuli istoriis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs winamdebare<br />
statiis avtoric.<br />
2009 wlis 15 seqtemberi. UuCveulo, Sei-<br />
Zleba iTqvas, sadResaswaulo ganwyobiT<br />
aRsavse dRe gaTenda Tbilisis ebrauli<br />
TemisaTvis. mizezi, namdvilad, gamorCeulad<br />
mniSvnelovani iyo. egreT wodebuli<br />
aSqenazebis salocavi axali sicocxlis<br />
aTvlas iwyebda.A<br />
didi madloba evraziul kongressa da<br />
mis prezidents aleqsandre maSkeviCs, biznesmenebs<br />
_ Temur safirsa da daviT iakobaSvils,<br />
saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio<br />
kongress, inJinrebs, mSeneblebs, muSebs,<br />
yvela imas, vinc CvenTvis es dRe realuri<br />
da cxadi gaxada.<br />
Cveni gazeTis furclebze gadavwyviteT<br />
im pirovnebis gaxseneba, romelic aTeuli<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi mTel dReebs swored<br />
am locvaSi atarebda, da sxvebTan erTad<br />
yvelafers akeTebda salocavis funqcionirebisaTvis.<br />
es pirovneba gaxldaT batoni<br />
qoen malqiel exiskelaSvili. did madloba<br />
mis vaJs, kakos, romelmac gadmomca gansvenebuli<br />
mamis Canawerebi. es Canawerebi Seicavs<br />
metad saintereso masalas Cveni warsulis<br />
ukeT gasacnobad. baton malqiels<br />
aRwerili aqvs TiTqmis 100 wlis winandeli<br />
Tbilisis kolorituli cxovreba; Zveli<br />
Tbilisi _ Tavisi qarvaslebiT, maRaziebiT,<br />
Rvinis sardafebiT, mekurtne muSebiTa da<br />
meezove qurTebiT; cocxlad da xelSesaxebad<br />
aqvs dasuraTxatebuli is adgilebi,<br />
romelSic umetesad ebraelebi saxlobdnen,<br />
aqvea “ `”<br />
’~qoanimebis~” ubani Tavisi ezogaremoTi,<br />
mcxovrebTa gvarebiT, CaixanebiT,<br />
kintoebiT, vaWrebiT, safosto yuTebiT,<br />
~“tunelis”~ SesasvlelTan aRebuli civi wylis<br />
gamyidvelebiT, Tbilisis sami qaSeri<br />
sasadiloTi (efro goreliSvili, xozi<br />
ioseba, gegelaT israelai davidaSvili),<br />
ebraelTa savaWroebiT _ Tofebad dalagebuli<br />
abreSumiT, farCebiT, kaverkotiTa da<br />
bastoniT, batistiT, mitkliT, xaliCebiTa<br />
da aTasgvari sxva qsoviliT. aRwerili aqvs<br />
bazrebi. mogviTxrobs, rogor moxvda misi<br />
ojaxi “Sav siaSi” da Semdeg rogor warimarTa<br />
misi cxovreba _ tipografia, swavla<br />
safinanso ekonomikurze, buRaltrad<br />
muSaoba finansTa saministroSi...<br />
CamoTvlili aqvs Tbilisis sinagogebi,<br />
kaSenis quCis #9-Si arsebuli ebraelTa<br />
rvaklasiani 102–e Sromis skola _ maswavleblebiT<br />
(skolis gamge _ iefim isakiC<br />
kokielovi); ivaniZis quCaze mdebare<br />
ebraelTa istoriis muzeumi _ yofili<br />
saldaTebis salocavi, aseve salocavi<br />
kaTolikebis quCaze, ebraeli axalgazrdebis<br />
mier Camoyalibebuli Teatri, sadac<br />
gercel baazovis piesebi idgmeboda.<br />
mogviTxrobs “~Raribkomebze da ozetze~”,<br />
gviyveba swavlul lineckize, (daxvrites<br />
1937 wels); lineckis ojaxidan wamoRebul<br />
Salom koboSvilis mier Sesrulebul suraTze<br />
“~espaneTis inkvizicia~”, aRwers rabi<br />
kufCans, rogorc metad darbaisel, warmosadeg<br />
pirovnebas da sxv.<br />
gTavazobT nawyvets baton malqiel exiskelaSvilis<br />
Canawerebidan (stili daculia).<br />
“1953 wels ianvris TveSi, mziani,<br />
Tbili, sasiamovno dila gaTenda. Dda,<br />
rodesac mravalni salocavSi salocavad<br />
mieSurebodnen, kaci Tu qali, ras<br />
xedaven: ‘’kagebes’’ da miliciis Tanam-<br />
Sromlebs yvela sinagoga dauluqiaT da<br />
misul ebrael xalxs salocavad aRar<br />
uSveben. amasTanave furneSi macis cxoba<br />
mimdinareobda. macaze momuSave muSebsac<br />
Semosvla aukrZales. sinagogis karebTan<br />
mcvelebi idgnen. im Ramesve patimrobaSi<br />
iyvnen ayvanili rabi yimanuel daviTaSvili,<br />
xaxmebi israel babalikaSvili, abram<br />
janaSvili, gamgeobidan abram gujiaS-<br />
vili, israel janaSvili, CanCalaSvili.<br />
amave dros daluqul iqna cxinvalelebis<br />
locva, da aSkenazebis locva. aSkenazebis<br />
locvidan patimrobaSi ayvanil<br />
iyvnen _ rabi kufCani, umaRlesi ToriT<br />
da iuridiuli akademikosi, ilia leiboviCi,<br />
iosef moskiCi da sxvebi”.<br />
Semdeg b-n malqiels aRwerili aqvs<br />
didi salocavi:<br />
“qalaq Tbilisis didi sinagoga _-<br />
erT-erTi saukeTeso sinagoga. didebuli,<br />
Zalze maRali, aguriT naSeni ori<br />
sarTuli, axalcixel ebraelTa fuliT<br />
agebuli, brolis eleqtro WaRebi, iatakze<br />
lamazad dafenili ‘’daroSkebi’’,<br />
tyavze dawerili moSes sefer-Torebi,<br />
macis gamosacxobi samuSao manqanebi,<br />
ezoSi macis gamosacxobad daWrili<br />
200 metro SeSa, gamomcxvari 5 tona<br />
maca, 20 tona fqvili tomrebiT – mTlad<br />
waiRes. mTlad daangries sinagogis<br />
naweri Semosaval-gasavlis sabuTebi,<br />
wignebi gamoitanes da rac moaswres, gam-<br />
gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!<br />
qebaTa-qeba maT,<br />
vinc micvebis<br />
Sesrulebas eswrafvis<br />
oitanes ezoSi, waukides cecxli, dawves.<br />
didi kvamli adioda caSi. gareT xalxi<br />
uyurebda; bevrs cremlebi sdioda<br />
Tvalebidan. Talmud Toris xis Senoba<br />
mTlad gaanadgures. frTeulis saklavi<br />
Senoba mTlad daangries. xis masala, yvela<br />
inventari manqanebiT mihqondaT _ 65<br />
sefer-Tora, seferToris Tajebi, bevri<br />
sxva faseulobani. gareT myofi xalxi<br />
- ebraeli, qarTveli, somexi, azerbaijanelebi,<br />
Turqebi - am suraTs uyurebdnen<br />
da CurCulebdnen. ori dRis Semdeg<br />
daibares gamgeobis danarCeni wevrebi:<br />
iakob SaTaraSvili, aron ZorelaSvili<br />
da me _ malqiel exiskelaSvili; salocavi<br />
rom gaaRes, SevediT, ras vxedavT:<br />
sabuTebi, saangariSo wignebi, rveulebi<br />
iatakze iyo dayrili, fexebiT zed<br />
sabuTebze dadiodnen, salocavis SigniT<br />
iatakis ficrebi adgil-adgil acvenili<br />
iyo. gviTsres: revizia unda Cavataro-<br />
To... es gafantuli Canaweri, Semosavalgasavlis<br />
rveulebi, aRricxvianobis<br />
Jurnalebi avkrife iatakidan, davawyve<br />
Tveebad, wlebad, ris Semdeg daiwyes revizia.<br />
Oori kvire mimdinareobda dokumentaluri<br />
revizia. saocari siswrafiT<br />
gavrcelda xma sinagogebis daluqvaze<br />
_ kaci Tu qali, yvelani mocvivdnen<br />
saxlebidan da kiTxulobdnen: ra xdeba,<br />
yvirodnen, ratom daluqeT sinagoga _<br />
gamCenis saxli, es xom wminda saxlia<br />
_ gamCenis qeba–didebisa... Cven ebraelebi<br />
varT, araviTar politikur muSaobas<br />
ar vqadagebT, vloculobT yovel<br />
dila-saRamos. Tavs SevaklavT<br />
da sinagogas ar dagaketinebT,<br />
waRebul sefer-Torebs ukan davibrunebT.<br />
Aar kmara, rom omSi<br />
germanelebma 6 milioni ebraeli<br />
_ kacebi, qalebi, bavSvebi _ gaSiSvlebulebi,<br />
Tmebgadaparsulebi _<br />
amoTxril veberTela ormoebSi<br />
cocxlad Cahyares da zemodan<br />
tyviebi daaxales, zogsac wvavdnen,<br />
da axrCobdnen... exla aqac<br />
daiwyeT ebraelebis awiokeba, gandevna,<br />
gadasaxleba, dapatimreba...<br />
maTgan mxolod myrali sityvebi<br />
ismoda _ ukve mosulia<br />
miTiTeba, ramdenime Tqvens xalxs gavasaxlebTo.<br />
me, malqiel exiskelaSvilma, piradad<br />
vnaxe es suraTi: Sua transportis<br />
sasiarulo gzaze usinaTlo daTiko<br />
Saliaxovi dawva. mogrovda xalxi, manqanebma<br />
CarTes signalebi, mocvivda bevri<br />
policieli, Seiqna tirili,…yvirili.<br />
Oori dRis Semdeg sinagogaSi kedlidan<br />
meore kedlamde gaabes wiTel naWerze<br />
warwera leninis sityvebiT. exalTan<br />
Camokides farda kinosuraTis<br />
saCveneblad. salocavad Sesuli xalxi<br />
ukan gamobrunda. ebraelebis saxlebSi<br />
daiwyes Cxreka. zogs udanaSaulod xsnidnen<br />
samsaxuridan. yvelas eSinoda.<br />
xalxi, gadasaxlebis molodinSi, Cemodnebze<br />
da boxCebze ijda, an Tu vinmes<br />
raime Zvirfasi nivTi ebada, momzadebuli<br />
hqonda. SeSinebulebma da dazafrulebma,<br />
ar icodnen, ramden dros miscemdnen<br />
gasaxlebisTvis.<br />
1953 wlis furimis dilas radiom<br />
gadmosca cnoba stalinis avadmyofobis<br />
zaira davaraSvili<br />
(tvinSi sisxlis Caqcevis) Sesaxeb. es<br />
Zalian sawyeni iyo mTeli sabWoTa kav-<br />
Siris mosaxleobisTvis.<br />
xalxSi miTqma-moTqma gavrcelda:<br />
iqneb gamCenma nesi dagvmarTos, aministia<br />
gamocxaddes, locvebi, xaxmebi, gamgeobis<br />
wevrebi da sxvebi gaanTavisuflon da<br />
am ubedurebas, am tanjva-awiokebas da<br />
Cagvras gadavurCeTo.<br />
Mmeore dRes gadmosces cnoba radioTi:<br />
ioseb besarionoviC stalini gardaicvala.<br />
didi glova iyo. gamokruli<br />
iyo warwerebi quCebSi, kedlebze,<br />
gamofenili iyo SavnaWriani droSebi.<br />
mTeli dRe radioTi gadmoicemoda samgloviaro<br />
musika.<br />
gavida ori kvira. gamocxadda aministia.<br />
rabebi, xaxmebi, gamgeobis wevrebi _<br />
yvela ganTavisuflebuli iqna. xalxi<br />
sixaruliT tiroda. locvis kedlebidan<br />
Camoglijes gakruli suraTebi da<br />
wiTel naWrebze dawerili leninis lozungebi,<br />
saCqarod daiwyes locvis dasufTaveba.<br />
locvis kantoraSi Seikriba<br />
gamgeoba. Dyvelas axsovda, sadac hqondaT<br />
dabinavebuli salocavidan waRebuli<br />
inventarebi. me, malqielma, zepirad<br />
vicodi yvela sagani. qaRaldze Camovwere<br />
inventarebis CamonaTvali. daviqiraveT<br />
didi manqana, wavediT _ me, malqieli,<br />
buhRalteri, xaim ajamelaSvili,<br />
amnon cacanaSvili, abram ajamelaSvili.<br />
dawerili siis mixedviT moviTxoveT<br />
sefer-Torebi da sxva nivTebi, wamoviReT<br />
salocavSi. manqana salocavTan gaCerda.<br />
xalxi mocvivda sixaruliT, tiriliT.<br />
manqanidan awvdidnen sefer-Torebs.<br />
TiTo adamians TiTo sefer-Tora ekava<br />
xelSi _ neli nabijebiT, simReriTa da<br />
galobiT miabrZanebdnen exal-akodeSSi<br />
dasabrZaneblad.” da ase Semdeg...<br />
“iyo rTuli periodi, roca aSkenazebis<br />
locva-sinagogaSi mlocvelebis<br />
ricxvi Semcirda. zogs isic ki undoda,<br />
rom sinagoga daketiliyo. salocavis<br />
SenobasTan iyo qalebis didi samkervalo.<br />
maT surdaT am salocavis aReba da<br />
klubad gadaqceva. am periodSi, yovel<br />
dilas da saRamos, locvis dawyebis win,<br />
videqi gareT, fexiT sasiarulo gzaze<br />
da didi TxovniT, siyvarulobiT vexvewebodi<br />
yvelas, erTi saaTiT SeerTebodnen<br />
minians, rom gamCenis samsaxuri<br />
ar Sewyvetiliyo.<br />
madloba RmerTs, dRemde locva arsebobs<br />
da mimdinareobs.’’ Qqoen malqieli.<br />
07-2007 weli.<br />
vubrundebi 15 seqtembris Tbilisis<br />
oqrosferi Semodgomis mzian dilas da im<br />
eniT gamouTqmel sixaruls, didi salocavis<br />
mimdebare teritoriidan aSqenazebis<br />
salocavisaken leseliZis quCaze sefer-<br />
TorebiT xelSi mocekvave da momRerali<br />
xalxis xilva rom iwvevda. Ees dRe namdvilad<br />
“Rm-Tma Seqmna CvenTvis samxiarulod<br />
da vimxiaruleT kidec.” Q<br />
qoen malqiel exiskelaSvilis neSama<br />
ki, darwmunebuli var, CvenTan erTad mxiarulobda...<br />
zecaSi.<br />
zaira davaraSvili<br />
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
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