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giorgi giorgi gvaxaria<br />

gvaxaria<br />

sarCevi<br />

sarCevi<br />

politkoreqtuloba politkoreqtuloba <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong><br />

Semoqmedis Semoqmedis (<strong>rogorc</strong> (<strong>rogorc</strong><br />

(<strong>rogorc</strong><br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong>) <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong>) <strong>uflebebi</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong><br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

<strong><strong>da</strong>umorCilebloba</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>umorCilebloba</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong><br />

araZaladobrivi araZaladobrivi aqciebi<br />

aqciebi<br />

fridon fridon sayvareliZe<br />

sayvareliZe<br />

sayvareliZe<br />

evTanazia evTanazia - - mowyaleba<br />

mowyaleba<br />

Tu Tu mkvleloba<br />

mkvleloba<br />

nugzar nugzar papuaSvili<br />

papuaSvili<br />

sasjeli sasjeli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sinanuli sinanuli<br />

sinanuli<br />

gabriel gabriel episkoposi<br />

episkoposi<br />

episkoposi<br />

sityva sityva Tqmuli Tqmuli quTaisis<br />

quTaisis<br />

sapyrobileSi sapyrobileSi eklesiis<br />

eklesiis<br />

kurTxevasa kurTxevasa ze<strong>da</strong><br />

ze<strong>da</strong><br />

1871 1871 welsa welsa welsa ianvris ianvris 3-sa 3-sa<br />

43<br />

43<br />

presa presa presis presis qveS<br />

qveS<br />

Tu Tu `baTumelebi~<br />

`baTumelebi~<br />

gqvia gqvia saxelad<br />

saxelad<br />

`qaTamaZe `qaTamaZe saqarTvelos<br />

saqarTvelos<br />

winaaRmdeg~<br />

winaaRmdeg~<br />

winaaRmdeg~<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

2 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

N7(19), N7(19), ivlisi, ivlisi, 2003<br />

2003<br />

3<br />

8<br />

30<br />

30<br />

39 39<br />

39<br />

46<br />

47<br />

47<br />

49<br />

49

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

giorgi<br />

gvaxaria<br />

politkoreqtuloba<br />

<strong>da</strong><br />

Semoqmedis<br />

(<strong>rogorc</strong> <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong>)<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong><br />

1988 wlis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi, Tbilissa <strong>da</strong> erevanSi sergo<br />

farajanovis ukanaskneli filmis, `aSuR yaribis~<br />

premiera gaimarTa. Tbilisis kinos saxlSi gamosvlisas<br />

farajanovma, am namdvilma `saiaTnovam kinoSi~,<br />

romelsac `kavkasiuri kulturebis Semrigebelsac~<br />

uwodebdnen, ganacxa<strong>da</strong>: Tbilisuri kultura somxebma<br />

Seqmnes, qarTvelebma mxolod miiTviseT yvelaferio...<br />

ori kviris Semdeg farajanovi erevanSi Cavi<strong>da</strong>, `aSuR<br />

yaribis~ pirveli Cvenebis win scenaze avi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> brZana:<br />

somxebi uniWo xalxi xarT, kavkasiaSi WeSmarit<br />

kulturas mxolod qarTvelebi qmniano.<br />

orive saRamos, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, farajanovis Semoqmedebis<br />

Tayvanismcemlebi eswrebodnen. amitom Tbilissa <strong>da</strong><br />

erevanSi <strong>da</strong>rbazma karga magrad moilxina didi<br />

reJisoris am morig oinbazobaze. yvelam ico<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

`aSuR yaribis~ avtors uyvar<strong>da</strong> publikumis<br />

provocireba, gaRizianeba, misi farisevlobis<br />

`gaSiSvleba~. kinematografiuli sazogadoeba<br />

`ar avar<strong>da</strong>~ Tbiliseli somexis qilikze. Tumca, Zneli<br />

warmosadgeni araa, rogori iqnebo<strong>da</strong> xalxis reaqcia,<br />

farajanovs es sityvebi TbilisSi, an erevanSi<br />

romelime xalxmraval mitingze rom eTqva.<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

3

sxvaTa Soris, `aSuR yaribis~ ga<strong>da</strong>Reba<br />

sul ramdenime TviT rom<br />

gaWianurebuliyo, somxeTsa <strong>da</strong><br />

azerbaijanSi sergo farajanovi xalxis<br />

risxvas ver ga<strong>da</strong>urCebo<strong>da</strong>. `aSuR yaribis~<br />

ramdenime scena xom baqoSia ga<strong>da</strong>Rebuli,<br />

yarabaxis konfliqtis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde<br />

ramdenime TviT adre, moxetiale aSuRisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>ri feo<strong>da</strong>lis uiRblo<br />

siyvarulis ambavi, Turqulenovan xalxTa<br />

folkloria, romlis ekranizacias omis<br />

`xulignoba~<br />

Semoqmedis stiqiaa.<br />

igi hgavs Carlis<br />

mawanwalas,<br />

romelsac yovelTvis<br />

ori mteri hyavs _<br />

policieli<br />

<strong>da</strong> umravlesoba.<br />

<strong>da</strong>wyebis Semdeg somxeTis mosaxleoba<br />

uTuod gaaprotesteb<strong>da</strong>, azerbaijanSi ki<br />

veRar gamarTavdnen somexi reJisoris<br />

filmis premieras.<br />

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom did reJisors<br />

gulma ugrZno, rom am regionSi sazareli<br />

omi mzaddebo<strong>da</strong>. amitom misi gamosvlebi<br />

TbilisSi, baqosa <strong>da</strong> erevanSi, iyo ara<br />

oinbazoba, aramed ukanaskneli c<strong>da</strong>,<br />

SeeCerebina sisxlisRvra kavkasiaSi... es<br />

iyo `mesiji~, romelsac igi SemoqmedebiT<br />

sazogadoebas ugzavni<strong>da</strong>, TiTqos sTxov<strong>da</strong>:<br />

`<br />

gaaCereT es brbo, gaaCereT<br />

umravlesoba, Tqven mainc nu<br />

SegeSindebaT arapopularuli<br />

lozungebis.<br />

`aSuR yaribis~ kavkasiuri premierebi am<br />

zamTars gamaxsen<strong>da</strong>, roca parizSi<br />

franguli kinoakademiis premiebis,<br />

`sezarebis~ ga<strong>da</strong>cema moewyo. `sezaris<br />

saRamo~ <strong>da</strong>emTxva eraySi <strong>da</strong>wyebul oms <strong>da</strong><br />

4 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

~<br />

pacifistebis xalxmraval demonstraciebs<br />

evropaSi. frangi kinematografistebis<br />

absoluturi umravlesoba omis<br />

winaaRmdegi iyo. `Satles~ TeatrSi<br />

`sezarebiT~ <strong>da</strong>jildoveba <strong>da</strong>emsgavsa<br />

jorj buSis politikis winaaRmdeg<br />

mimarTul aqcias, romelSic frangebma<br />

holivudis sagangebod mowveuli<br />

varskvlavebic CarTes _ magaliTad,<br />

meril stripi. man bevri ilaparaka omis<br />

saSinelebaze, `mSvidobi-ani dialogis”<br />

aucileblobaze <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad, frangebis<br />

aRfrTovaneba <strong>da</strong> ovaciebi <strong>da</strong>imsaxura.<br />

ramdenime kviris Semdeg, roca eraySi omi<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo, imave meril strips los-anJelesSi,<br />

`oskariT~ <strong>da</strong>jildovebis ceremonialze<br />

moux<strong>da</strong> gamosvla. bunebrivia, yvela<br />

elo<strong>da</strong>, rom amerikeli varskvlavi aqac<br />

Seutev<strong>da</strong> omis momxreebs... magram ara.<br />

meril stripi ostaturad `Caewera~<br />

ceremonialis organizatorTa mier<br />

mogonil formatSi. omis winaaRmdeg erTi<br />

sityvac ar <strong>da</strong>cdenia.<br />

es ori magaliTi garkveulwilad<br />

a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, rom `yofiereba yovelTvis<br />

ar qmnis cnobierebas~ <strong>da</strong> rom Tavisufali<br />

xelovanisTvis ar un<strong>da</strong> hqondes<br />

mniSvneloba, Tu sad, romel garemoSi, an,<br />

Tu gnebavT, romel sistemaSi uxdeba mas<br />

moRvaweoba. xelovani, Tuki mas<br />

Tavisuflebaze aqvs pretenzia,<br />

umravlesobis diqtats ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>morCildes. piriqiT, umravlesobasTan

konfliqti garkveuli TvalsazrisiT<br />

`siamovnebasac~ un<strong>da</strong> aniWebdes <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> pazolini ityo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

`<br />

sistematiurad,<br />

yoveldRe un<strong>da</strong><br />

dgamdes Tavis sikvdils,<br />

sakuTar jvarcmas.<br />

~<br />

es ki imas niSnavs, rom `xulignoba~<br />

Semoqmedis stiqiaa. igi hgavs Carlis<br />

mawanwalas, romelsac yovelTvis ori<br />

mteri hyavs _ policili <strong>da</strong> umravlesoba.<br />

kanoni, <strong>rogorc</strong> wesi, umravlesobis<br />

xelSia. amitom sityva `kanonmorCili~<br />

didi SemoqmedisTvis yvelgan <strong>da</strong><br />

yovelTvis nonsensia, fiziologiurad<br />

autanelia. es ukve tradiciaa, romelic<br />

xelovans uqmnis `giJis~, `paTologis~,<br />

`<strong>da</strong>mnaSavis~, `maniakis~ imijs... romelmac<br />

araerTi didi mwerali, mxatvari<br />

gamoamwyvdia cixeSi <strong>da</strong> suliT<br />

avadmyofTa <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi, romelmac<br />

Seqmna ufskruli Semoqmedsa <strong>da</strong><br />

sazogadoebas Soris.<br />

niSnavs Tu ara es, rom didi<br />

xelovanisTvis miuRebelia <strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

sazogadoebis faseulobebi?<br />

rusi kinematografistebi ganuwyvetliv<br />

qilikoben berlinis saerTaSoriso<br />

kinofestivalze, romelic Tavis<br />

memarcxene orientacias arasdros<br />

malav<strong>da</strong>. yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi sakmaod<br />

gavrcelebulia azri, rom Tu<br />

kinoreJisori ga<strong>da</strong>iRebs films<br />

holokostze, erovnuli <strong>da</strong> religiuri<br />

umciresobebis Cagvraze, seqsualur<br />

diskriminaciaze, misi suraTi<br />

aucileblad moxvdeba `berlinales~<br />

konkursSi maSinac ki, Tu films<br />

araviTari mxatvruli Rirebuleba ara<br />

aqvs. rusma politikosebma bevri<br />

imxiarules arizonas Statis<br />

gubernatoris TanaSemwis, joana raitis<br />

cnobil werilze, romelSic es qalbatoni<br />

kategoriulad sTxov<strong>da</strong> xelisuflebas,<br />

aekrZalaT saskolo programebSi jon<br />

tolkienis nawarmoebebis CarTva. raiti<br />

miiCnevs, rom tolkienis wignebSi<br />

SeimCneva `nacionaluri, rasobrivi,<br />

seqsualuri <strong>da</strong> religiuri<br />

arasrulfasovnebis propagan<strong>da</strong>...<br />

mis <strong>da</strong>debiT personaJebs evropuli<br />

garegnoba aqvT, uaryofiT gmirebs ki _<br />

monRoloiduri <strong>da</strong> afro-amerikuli...~,<br />

rom `qalebs mxolod aTi procenti<br />

eTmobaT tolkienis nawarmoebebSi~.<br />

cxadia, joana raitis `kalkulacia~<br />

marTlac rom Rimilis momgvrelia, iseve<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> Rimilismomgvrelia, magaliTad,<br />

`tolerantobis testi~, romelsac<br />

amster<strong>da</strong>mSi, ana frankis muzeumSi<br />

utareben <strong>da</strong>mTvalierebels.<br />

sazogadoebis `gamosworeba~ aRzrdiT<br />

(romelic jer kidev platonma <strong>da</strong>iwyo),<br />

mosaxleobis zombirebis es ZvelTaZveli<br />

forma, romelic ase Zalian uyvarT<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlel memarcxeneebs, politkoreqtuloba<br />

– isev <strong>da</strong> isev doqtrinaa, romelic<br />

aiZulebs cocxal arsebas, jer kidev<br />

skolaSi <strong>da</strong>izepiros ukve Camoyalibebuli<br />

sqemebi <strong>da</strong> axali stereotipebiT<br />

SeizRudos azrovnebis sivrce.<br />

politkoreqtuloba – pirovnuli,<br />

individualuri Tvisebebis <strong>da</strong>kargviT<br />

emuqreba a<strong>da</strong>mians, faqtobrivad<br />

avtoritaruli azrovnebis axali formaa,<br />

radgan akviatebuli azri, raoden<br />

sazizRaric, raoden miuRebelic ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos, yovelTvis moicavs pirovnuls.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani, rogori sazizRaric ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos igi CemTvis, cocxali arsebaa.<br />

amitom yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong> gvaxsovdes, rom<br />

masac SeiZleba hqondes safuZveli,<br />

aRmiqvas me `sazizRrobad~. sqemebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

doqtrinebiT akviatebuli azris<br />

<strong>da</strong>Trgunva ki arafers mogvcems agresiis<br />

<strong>da</strong>, rac mTavaria, `humanuri sqemebis~<br />

diskreditaciis gar<strong>da</strong>.<br />

erTxelac imave berlinis festivalze,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c xSirad, seqsualuri umciresobebis<br />

Temaze ga<strong>da</strong>Rebul usaSvelod primitiul<br />

films didi zar-zeimiT uCveneben <strong>da</strong><br />

asaReben <strong>rogorc</strong> `movlenas~, kino<strong>da</strong>rbazSi<br />

viRac wamoxteba <strong>da</strong> ityvis: `ratom<br />

gviburRavT tvins, ra gagviWireT saqme<br />

Tqveni pederastebiT?”<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

5

<strong>da</strong> es `viRac~ marTali iqneba; radgan<br />

primitiuli, mxatvrulad ususuri filmi<br />

Tu wigni yovelTvis tovebs `propagandis~<br />

STabeWdilebas; radgan Semoqmedi<br />

arasdros araa iq, sa<strong>da</strong>c umravlesobaa.<br />

jerjerobiT am `viRacis~ rols<br />

`berlinaleze~ <strong>da</strong> ara marto berlinis<br />

kinoforumze, presaSi, nair-nair<br />

internet-saitebze, specialur kvleviT<br />

institutebSi, rusi kulturologebi,<br />

politikosebi, sociologebi asruleben.<br />

bolo dros ruseTSi <strong>da</strong>savlur<br />

faseulobebTan brZolisTvis axali<br />

taqtika airCies _ <strong>da</strong>savlur liberalizms<br />

Tavad liberalizmis pozicii<strong>da</strong>n uteven.<br />

Tu demokratia `saukeTeso wyoba~ ar<br />

aris, ratom ar SeiZleba, SevutioT mas <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong> sazogadoeba _ farisevlobaSi,<br />

siyalbeSi, aragulwrfelobaSi vamxiloT?<br />

rusebs mxari aubes qarTvelma<br />

qsenofobebmac, romlebic <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>sTvis brZolas kulturul Tu<br />

religiur TviTmyofadobaze agresiad<br />

naTlaven. maTi umravlesoba fariTa <strong>da</strong><br />

maxviliT icavs kulturul Tu religiur<br />

mravalferovnebas am planetaze, sZuls<br />

6 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

globalizacia, duJmoreuli laparakobs<br />

masonur SeTqmulebebze, magram imis<br />

gagonebac ki ar un<strong>da</strong>, rom kulturuli<br />

Tu religiuri mravalferovneba SeiZleba<br />

arsebobdes (<strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> arsebobdes) erTi<br />

kulturis, an erTi qveynis `SigniTac~,<br />

rom <strong>samoqalaqo</strong> sazogadoebam Tavad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Seuwyos xeli azris, poziciis<br />

mravalferovnebas, rom igive joana<br />

raitis werili amerikis sazogadoebas<br />

diskusiis, <strong>da</strong> e.i ganviTarebis sababs<br />

aZlevs... <strong>da</strong> rom tolkienis wignebs iq<br />

aravin wvavs.<br />

ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, Rimilis momgvrelia, roca<br />

rusi politikosi, romelic CeCneTSi,<br />

mTeli xalxis genocids uWers mxars,<br />

amerikis administracias militarizmSi<br />

amxels erayis omis <strong>da</strong>wyebis pirvelive<br />

dReebSi. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, is xalxi, vinc<br />

zamTarSi, mravalaTasian pacifistur<br />

demonstraciebSi monawileob<strong>da</strong> parizsa<br />

Tu berlinSi, ar aris is xalxi, romelmac<br />

moskovSi, SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos<br />

win antisaomari mitingi gamarTa sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris droSebiTa <strong>da</strong> stalinis<br />

portretebiT xelSi.<br />

sergo farajanovis<br />

namuSevari<br />

`romuli <strong>da</strong> remi~.<br />

fragmenti

saqarTvelosa <strong>da</strong> ruseTSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

sazogadoeba qsenofoburi<br />

doqtrinebisgan ver gaTavisuflebula,<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c is xalxi, vinc <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>sTvis ibrZvis, jer kidev<br />

umciresobaSia, `politkoreqtuloba~<br />

ar aris `<strong>da</strong>savluri<br />

politkoreqtulobis~ identuri.<br />

amitom joana raiti, romelmac<br />

mxatvruli nawarmoebis `kalkulacias~<br />

mimarTa, mere ki misi akrZalva moiTxova<br />

<strong>da</strong> qarTveli qsenofobebi, romlebic<br />

wignebis (maT Soris, ukve `hari poteris~)<br />

<strong>da</strong>wvisken mogviwodeben, erTnairad<br />

iqcevian, magram sazogadoebisTvis maT<br />

qcevas ara aqvs erTnairi mniSvneloba.<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>mcvelebi yofil<br />

komunistur sivrceSi garkveuli<br />

TvalsazrisiT un<strong>da</strong> hgavdnen im<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, romlebic <strong>da</strong>savleTSi<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>s `doqtrinad~<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>qcevas ewinaaRmdegebian... radgan<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> <strong>uflebebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>mcveli _<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong>, <strong>rogorc</strong> Semoqmedis uflebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>mcvelia, igi sazogadoebis<br />

ganviTare-bisTvis, maT Soris kanonis<br />

ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xvewisTvis iRwvis.<br />

igi ufro Carlis mawanwalaa,<br />

vidre policieli... igi ar uyvars<br />

umravlesobas, amitom igi ar SeiZleba<br />

iyos `eris sindisi~, e.i. is,<br />

rac SemoqmedebiT inteligencias<br />

<strong>da</strong>arqves CvenSi.<br />

qarTulma inteligenciam<br />

cnobil Sexvedraze parlamentis<br />

TavmjdomaresTan, nino burjanaZesTan,<br />

siamovnebiT `SeiTvisa~ es termini,<br />

Semdeg ki, Cveni Semoqmedebis<br />

umravlesobam arc mwvadi <strong>da</strong>wva <strong>da</strong><br />

arc Samfuri, verc prezidenti<br />

moixsenia augad <strong>da</strong> verc parlamentis<br />

Tavmjdomare. sainteresoa, ra<br />

moxdebo<strong>da</strong> am Sexvedraze, mas sergo<br />

farajanovi, an <strong>da</strong>savluri kulturis<br />

romelime saxelganTqmuli `xuligani~<br />

rom <strong>da</strong>swrebo<strong>da</strong>?<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

7

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

<strong><strong>da</strong>umorCilebloba</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong><br />

araZaladobrivi<br />

aqciebi<br />

`winaaRmdegoba<br />

Zaladobis<br />

gareSe... emyareba rwmenas,<br />

rom samyaro<br />

samarTlianobis mxaresaa.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

araZaladobrivi meTodebis<br />

momxreebs momavlis Rrma<br />

rwmena aqvT.<br />

es rwmena kidev erTi<br />

safuZvelia imisa, rom<br />

aramoZalade<br />

mowinaaRmdegem aitanos<br />

tkivili <strong>da</strong> tanjva<br />

SurisZiebis survilis<br />

gareSe, radganac icis,<br />

rom samarTlianobisaTvis<br />

brZolaSi mas kosmiuri<br />

~<br />

Zalebi uWeren mxars.<br />

martin luTer kingi<br />

8 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

istoria<br />

am statiaSi mahaTma gandis, martin<br />

luTer kingis, henri torosa <strong>da</strong><br />

sxvaTa gamocdilebas gagiziarebT<br />

<strong>da</strong> istoriuli magaliTebis<br />

moSveliebiT SevecdebiT, avxsnaT<br />

araZaladobrivi aqciebis arsi.<br />

visaubrebT moqmedebis iseT<br />

formaze, romlis meSveobiTac<br />

SesaZloa, opozicia Sinaganad<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>iqmnas, Tuki Tqven Tavadve<br />

SeicvlebiT. Tqven un<strong>da</strong> moaxdinoT<br />

zewola opoziciaze sakuTar Tavze<br />

zewolis meSveobiT.<br />

qvemoTmoyvanili citatebis<br />

gacnobisas, vfiqrob, gagaocebT<br />

yvela is problema, romelTac<br />

zemoTxsenebuli liderebi TavianTi<br />

ideebis a<strong>da</strong>mianebamde mitanis<br />

procesSi awydebodnen. gagakvirvebT<br />

isic, Tu ramdenad exmaureba maTi<br />

ideebi <strong>da</strong> midgomebi dRevandelobas!

`araZaladoba,<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> meTodi,<br />

mCagvrelis guls<br />

umalve ar Secvlis.<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad is<br />

Tavad ideis erTgulTa<br />

gulebsa <strong>da</strong> sulze<br />

axdes gavlenas.<br />

is sakuTari Tavisadmi<br />

pativiscemiT<br />

ganawyobs maT,<br />

mobilizacias ukeTebs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebis im Zlier<br />

<strong>da</strong> mamac resursebs,<br />

romelTa arsebobis<br />

Sesaxeb maT SesaZloa,<br />

arc ki icodnen.<br />

<strong>da</strong> bolos, igi aRwevs<br />

oponentamde <strong>da</strong> ise<br />

aRviZebs mis sindiss,<br />

rom Tanxmoba realuri<br />

xdeba~.<br />

martin luTer kingi<br />

ieso nazareveli<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong> francisk asizeli<br />

henri devid toro<br />

mahaTma gandi<br />

doqtori martin luTer kingi<br />

konstanca litoni<br />

konferenciaze, romelic araZaladobrivi<br />

aqciebis mokle prezentacias mieZRvna <strong>da</strong><br />

sa<strong>da</strong>c gandisa <strong>da</strong> ieso qristes magaliTebi<br />

moiyvanes, erT-erTma oratorma<br />

aucileblad CaTvala, eTqva: `gijobT,<br />

moeSvaT iesosaviT qa<strong>da</strong>gebas <strong>da</strong> ufro<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianurad <strong>da</strong>gvelaparakoT!~. am<br />

sityvebze <strong>da</strong>fiqreba uTuod Rirs.<br />

bibliis axleburi xedva<br />

Tu Tqven `rwmenaSi <strong>da</strong>eWvebuli~<br />

qristiani xarT, gamonaxeT dro imisaTvis,<br />

raTa xelaxla aRmoaCinoT Tqveni rwmenis<br />

Zala. sxvas Tu arafers moimoqmedebT,<br />

scadeT, waikiTxoT iobis wigni. ueWvelia,<br />

yvelas SeaZrwunebs is tanjva, romelic<br />

man gamoiara <strong>da</strong> gauCndeba<br />

sasowarkveTili SekiTxva: `ratom?~<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

qalTa <strong>uflebebi</strong>saTvis<br />

moZraobis aqtivisti<br />

siuzan b. entoni <strong>da</strong> elizabet qeidi stentoni<br />

araZaladobrivi aqciebi _<br />

filosofia<br />

btcj<br />

yfpfhtdtkb<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

9

iyo Tu ara is<br />

RmerTis<br />

erTaderTi Ze?<br />

aRsdga ki igi<br />

mkvdreTiT?<br />

es piradi rwmenis<br />

sakiTxebia. magram iyo ki igi<br />

realuri pirovneba? ueWvelia,<br />

iyo. gasaocaria, ramdeni<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani fiqrobs, rom ieso<br />

nazareveli mxolod miTia.<br />

is realuri istoriuli<br />

pirovnebaa, romelic<br />

moxseniebulia ara mxolod<br />

imdroindeli ebraeli<br />

istorikosebis, aramed<br />

romaelebis naSromebSic.<br />

es naSromebi ar moicavs bevr<br />

cnobebs nazarevelis Sesaxeb<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> imisa, rom is iyo<br />

religiuri lideri, romelic<br />

jvars acves. realobas<br />

Seesabameba misi<br />

gamonaTqvamebi `kontrkulturis~<br />

Sesaxebac. kargiT,<br />

erTi wuTiT <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT, rom is<br />

mxolod xorcieli arsebaa..<br />

magram gana misi cxovreba <strong>da</strong><br />

ideebi mxolod a<strong>da</strong>mianur<br />

ganzomilebaSi gamoixateba?<br />

30 wlis asakSi is uars ambobs<br />

Cveulebriv cxovrebaze <strong>da</strong><br />

gadis xalxSi, raTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>arwmunos isini, rom:<br />

`RmerTs vuyvarvarT,<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> Tavisi Svilebi,<br />

Cven erTmaneTi <strong>da</strong>-<br />

ZmaniviT un<strong>da</strong> gviyvardes.”<br />

aseTia Zala kacisa, romelsac<br />

marTla swams.<br />

10 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

CaxedeT biblias (an sxva romelime<br />

religiur literaturas). es aris<br />

istoria, Tu rogor aRiqvamdnen<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xalxebi TavianT RmerTs<br />

kacobriobasTan mimarTebaSi. yvela<br />

TaobisaTvis mniSvnelovania es<br />

gakveTilebi: ganmeorebadi Temebi,<br />

romlebic Semoqmedis Zaxilia, krebuli<br />

monaTxrobebisa, Tu rogor reagirebdnen<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi am Zaxilze...<br />

<strong>da</strong>vubrundeT rwmenis moTxovnilebis<br />

sakiTxs. ifiqreT Zveli bibliuri<br />

moTxrobebis Sesaxeb: patara <strong>da</strong>viTze,<br />

romelic Zlieri goliaTis gasanadgureblad<br />

miemarTeba; <strong>da</strong>brmavebul<br />

samsonze; ebrael xalxze, romelic<br />

iZulebulia 40 weli u<strong>da</strong>bnoSi ixetialos<br />

imis gamo, rom ar irwmuna, RmerTis mier<br />

aRTqmul miwaze cxovrebas Tu SeZleb<strong>da</strong>...<br />

SesaZloa, yvelaze mniSvnelovani ideebi<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong> werilSia, sa<strong>da</strong>c naTqvamia: vidre<br />

uflis nebis Zalas <strong>da</strong>vinaxavdeT, jer<br />

Tavad am Zalis Sesabamisad un<strong>da</strong> vimoqmedoT.<br />

vidre mTeli israelis mama<br />

gaxdebo<strong>da</strong>, abraami mzad un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo<br />

Tavisi mxolodSobili Ze Seewira<br />

msxverplad.<br />

cxovreba rwmeniT, siyvaruliTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> msxverplSewirviT<br />

gaixseneT iesos yvelaze Zlieri sityvebi,<br />

romliTac cnobili locva `mamao Cveno~<br />

iwyeba. es sityvaa `abba~ (ebraulad _ mama,<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> bavSvebi eZaxian sakuTar mamebs).<br />

am sityvebiT israelis yovlisSemZle<br />

RmerTi mosiyvarule mSoblad iqca<br />

(amaze ufro a<strong>da</strong>mianurad rogorRa un<strong>da</strong><br />

miemarTa misTvis iesos!).<br />

SegviZlia ki, SevcvaloT qveyanaSi<br />

arsebuli saojaxo samarTlis saocrad<br />

korumpirebuli <strong>da</strong> fesvgadgmuli<br />

sistema? naklebad savaraudoa. magram<br />

Cven ubralod un<strong>da</strong> gvaxsovdes, rom<br />

mamas, RmerTs, marTlac SeuZlia,<br />

<strong>da</strong>gvexmaros <strong>da</strong> gagvamarjvebinos. Cven<br />

mxolod pirveli nabijebi un<strong>da</strong>

ga<strong>da</strong>vdgaT, adgili<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>viZraT <strong>da</strong><br />

virwmunoT, rom is gvixsnis.<br />

ieso mzad iyo, yvelaferi ukan<br />

moetovebina, radganac mas marTlac<br />

swam<strong>da</strong>. es cxadi xdebo<strong>da</strong> masTan<br />

urTierTobisas an misi namoqme<strong>da</strong>ris<br />

xilvisas. zogs afrTxobs erTi ram _<br />

nazarevels un<strong>da</strong> scodno<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

`xelisufleba~ apireb<strong>da</strong> mosvlas <strong>da</strong> mis<br />

ganadgurebas. mas xom SeeZlo,<br />

gaqceuliyo <strong>da</strong> kidev ebrZola...<br />

magram qriste ewama, gaborotebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

SurisZiebis gareSe. ratom aris ukv<strong>da</strong>vi<br />

is 2000 wlis Semdegac. `is cxovrob<strong>da</strong><br />

imave principebiT, romelTac qa<strong>da</strong>geb<strong>da</strong>.”<br />

yuri ugdeT mTaze warmoTqmul qa<strong>da</strong>gebas,<br />

romelic, albaT, adrec gsmeniaT:<br />

`<br />

Tu vinmem marjvena loyaSi<br />

gagawnas, meore loyac miuSvire;<br />

vinc moisurvebs Sens gankiTxvas<br />

<strong>da</strong> Seni mosasxamis waRebas,<br />

samoselic Tan gaatane mas;<br />

vinc erT milze wayola<br />

~<br />

gaiZulos, orze gahyevi.<br />

maTes saxareba 5:39-41<br />

ras gvaswavlis ieso: rogor un<strong>da</strong><br />

vimoqmedoT, roca saqme<br />

usamarTlobasTan gvaqvs?<br />

bevri a<strong>da</strong>miani qristes ideebs ubralod<br />

`morCilebisaken~ mowodebad aRiqvams,<br />

Tumca, es sulac ar aris ase. mTavaria<br />

ara imdenad miteveba, aramed moqmedeba.<br />

Cven un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vupirispirdeT Cvens<br />

mowinaaRmdegeebs. magram mogviwodebs ki<br />

ieso, umowyalod moviTxovdeT <strong>da</strong>sjas?<br />

cxadia, ara.<br />

`...<strong>da</strong> Tu vinme Tqveni Svilis wayvanas<br />

ganizraxavs, maSin...~ ra?<br />

iqneb pasuxi aseTia: `maSin sakuTari<br />

Tavisuflebac SesTavazeT maT.~<br />

es <strong>da</strong>exmareba Tqvens `mCagvrels~,<br />

<strong>da</strong>inaxos sakuTari Secdoma. is<br />

iZulebuli gaxdeba, sakuTar Tavs<br />

hkiTxos, `ratom moiqca es a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

amgvarad?~. SesaZloa, Tqvenma<br />

mowinaaRmdegem umalve ara, magram mainc<br />

gaanalizos <strong>rogorc</strong> sakuTari qmedeba,<br />

aseve Cveni reaqcia. `mCagvrelisadmi~<br />

siyvarulisa <strong>da</strong> Tanadgomis gamovleniT,<br />

Cven met tanjvas viRebT sakuTar Tavze.<br />

`<br />

giyvardeT Tqveni mtrebi,<br />

<strong>da</strong>loceT Tqveni mawyevrebi,<br />

raTa iyveT Tqveni zeciuri mamis<br />

Zeni, visac Tavisi mze amohyavs<br />

borotTa <strong>da</strong> keTilTa Tavze <strong>da</strong><br />

wvimas ugzavnis marTlebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

~<br />

usamarTloebs.<br />

maTes saxareba, 5:44,45<br />

bevri a<strong>da</strong>miani qristes<br />

ideebs ubralod<br />

`morCilebisaken~<br />

mowodebad aRiqvams,<br />

Tumca, es sulac ar aris<br />

ase. mTavaria ara<br />

imdenad miteveba,<br />

aramed moqmedeba.<br />

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Cven <strong>da</strong>vaSaveT _ <strong>da</strong><br />

SesaZloa, loyaSi gartymac <strong>da</strong>vimsaxureT<br />

_ Cven ubralod maT Sansi miveciT, kidev<br />

erTxel gagvartyan <strong>da</strong> ziani aravis<br />

miadges, Cvens gar<strong>da</strong>.<br />

sxva meTodebi<br />

reformebis gasatareblad didi samuSaos<br />

gaweva mogvixdeba. zogierTi<br />

TqvenganisTvis misaRebia iseTi<br />

tradiciuli meTodebi, rogoricaa<br />

lobireba <strong>da</strong> mSvidi aqciebi, muSaoba<br />

sistemis SigniT, sasamarTlosa <strong>da</strong><br />

sazogadoebaSi. yvelaferi es kargia.<br />

magram Cven vimedovnebT, rom Tqven<br />

saTanadod <strong>da</strong>afasebT im pozitiursac,<br />

rasac nebismier <strong>samoqalaqo</strong> moZraobas<br />

araZaladobrivi aqciebi SesZens.<br />

Tqven u<strong>da</strong>od karg kampaniaSi<br />

igrZnobT Tavs!<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

11

ovbylf<br />

ahfywbcr<br />

fcbptkb<br />

francisk asizeli adreul<br />

Sua saukuneebSi, sakmaod<br />

SeZlebul ojaxSi <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>.<br />

es iyo Zaladobis epoqa,<br />

roca adgilobrivi<br />

qalaqebi erTmaneTs<br />

`Rirsebis~ <strong>da</strong>sacavad<br />

eomebodnen, TiTqos yvela<br />

simdidresa <strong>da</strong><br />

Zalauflebaze nadirob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

12 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tanamedrove a<strong>da</strong>mianebis umetesobisTvis<br />

wmni<strong>da</strong> franciskis saxeli `cxovelTa<br />

moyvarulTan~ asocirdeba (mas<br />

yovelTvis mxarze mjdomi CitiT<br />

gamosaxaven). is, rac toros Sesaxeb iTqva,<br />

kidev ufro metad Seefereba wmin<strong>da</strong><br />

francisks –<br />

`<br />

Rirseuli <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> nimuSi,<br />

tradiciebis mqone pirovneba,<br />

romelsac aqvs unari,<br />

gamoafxizlos mTvlemare<br />

Tanamemamuleni <strong>da</strong> moraluri<br />

principebiT cxovreba<br />

aswavlos maT.<br />

is mu<strong>da</strong>m gvaxsenebs, rom vinc<br />

araZaladobriv qmedebebze amyarebs<br />

imeds, mosiyvarule RmerTisadmi rwmeniT<br />

un<strong>da</strong> ganimsWvalos.<br />

`<br />

~<br />

iloceT mudmivad, sityvebi ki<br />

maSin warmoTqviT, roca es<br />

~<br />

aucilebelia.<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong> franciski<br />

man sakuTar Tavze itvirTa a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi<br />

qristianuli ideebis gamoRviZebis<br />

urTulesi misia. is Seeca<strong>da</strong> am misiis<br />

ganxorcielebas ara sxvaTa qcevis<br />

gakontrolebis, aramed sakuTari Tavis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>qmnis gziT. bevri a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic<br />

reformebisaken iswrafvis, xSirad<br />

problemis masStaburobis gamo vardeba<br />

depresiaSi. `ras Secvlis Cems mier<br />

gaRebuli mciredi msxverpli?~<br />

franciski gvaxsenebs, rom siyvaruliTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> rwmeniT ganmsWvalul moqmedebas<br />

CvenTvis yovelTvis kargi Sedegi moaqvs.<br />

magram sakmarisia ki es sxvebisaTvis <strong>da</strong><br />

mTlianad samyarosaTvis? amis marTva<br />

Cvens Zalebs aRemateba. gandic im azrzea,<br />

rom rodesac zedmetad did aqcents<br />

vakeTebT Sedegebze, Cven vkargavT unars,<br />

vimoqmedoT sakuTari mrwamsis mixedviT.<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong> franciskma mogvca morCilebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

siduxWireSi cxovrebis magaliTi. uari<br />

Tqva yvelaferze, rac gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. mzad iyo<br />

etanja imisaTvis, rom Tavisi mrevli<br />

moeqcia. qvemoT moyvanilia nawyveti

omani<strong>da</strong>n, romelic ar aris<br />

biografiuli, Tumca asizelis<br />

cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas efuZneba<br />

(`sakuTar cxovrebaze sqolastikuri<br />

muSaobisaTvis~). aq moTxrobili<br />

SesaZloa, fantastika<strong>da</strong>c ki mogeCvenoT,<br />

magram es SemTxvevebi sruliad<br />

Seesabameba wmin<strong>da</strong>nis realur cxovrebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> miseul meTodebs _ is marTlac<br />

unikaluri iyo. RvTis es patara<br />

`masxara~ gax<strong>da</strong> mizezi imisa, rom<br />

realur cxovrebiseul siameTa Ziebis<br />

procesSi, araerTma `mcodne~ <strong>da</strong><br />

`mdi<strong>da</strong>rma~ a<strong>da</strong>mianma, uari Tqva<br />

yvelaferze, rac gaaCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />

nawyveti `berZeni zorba~-s<br />

avtoris, nikolas kazanZakisis<br />

Sesavli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

adrec <strong>da</strong>miweria, rom am wmin<strong>da</strong>nis<br />

uxilav arsebobas yvelgan<br />

vgrZnobdi. radganac CemTvis<br />

wmin<strong>da</strong> franciski nimuSia<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong>a, romelsac aqvs<br />

pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba;<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong>a, romelmac SesZlo,<br />

moexa<strong>da</strong> Cveni upirvelesi vali,<br />

romelic gacilebiT aRmatebulia,<br />

vidre zneoba, WeSmariteba Tu<br />

mSveniereba: esaa valdebuleba,<br />

RvTis mier boZebuli xorcieli<br />

sxeuli gar<strong>da</strong>vqmnaT sulier<br />

sxeulad.<br />

`axali sigiJis~ qa<strong>da</strong>geba<br />

francisks mosasxami aekeca,<br />

moednis napiras xto<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> cekvav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

`modiT, modiT yvelani,~_<br />

gahyviro<strong>da</strong> is, _ `modiT, Zmano,<br />

moismineT axali sigiJe!~<br />

ukan adevnebuli bavSvebi siciliT<br />

uSendnen mas qvebs... mSvidi <strong>da</strong><br />

momRimari dro<strong>da</strong>dro ukan<br />

brundebo<strong>da</strong>, bavSvebisken xels<br />

iwvdi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gahyviro<strong>da</strong>: `vinc erT<br />

qvas mesvris, RmerTma <strong>da</strong>locos<br />

is mu<strong>da</strong>m gvaxsenebs, rom<br />

vinc araZaladobriv<br />

qmedebebze amyarebs<br />

imeds, mosiyvarule<br />

RmerTisadmi rwmeniT<br />

un<strong>da</strong> ganimsWvalos.<br />

`<br />

erTxel mainc; vinc or qvas<br />

mesvris, RmerTma orjer <strong>da</strong>locos;<br />

vinc sams mesvris, RmerTma samjer<br />

<strong>da</strong>locos,~ – amis Tqmaze misken<br />

qvebis mTeli jeri midio<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Subli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> nikapi<strong>da</strong>n ukve sisxli<br />

gadmodio<strong>da</strong>... sisxlSi gasvrili<br />

aRfrTovanebuli xtunav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

cekvav<strong>da</strong>. `ismineT, Zmano~, _<br />

mRero<strong>da</strong> is, _ `ismineT axali<br />

sigiJe!~...<br />

`gviTxari, gviTxari, gviTxari!~ _<br />

ismo<strong>da</strong> yoveli mxri<strong>da</strong>n xalxis<br />

xarxari.<br />

franciski taZris kibeebze adio<strong>da</strong>,<br />

<strong>da</strong>mcinavi brbos winaSe<br />

xelebgaSlili gahyviro<strong>da</strong>:<br />

siyvaruli!<br />

siyvaruli!<br />

~<br />

siyvaruli!<br />

Semdeg is moednis erTi bolo<strong>da</strong>n<br />

meorisken garbo<strong>da</strong>, xtunav<strong>da</strong>,<br />

cekvav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gahyviro<strong>da</strong>... `mSvidoba<br />

Tqven<strong>da</strong>!~ _ eubnebo<strong>da</strong> saTiTaod<br />

masTan misul a<strong>da</strong>mianebs. rodesac<br />

bevri a<strong>da</strong>miani Sejgufdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

skveric gaivsebo<strong>da</strong>, is xelebs<br />

aRapyrob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gahyviro<strong>da</strong> _<br />

`mSvidoba~, `mSvidoba Tqvens<br />

gulebSi, Tqvens saxlebSi, mSvidoba<br />

Tqvens mtrebs. mSvidoba qveyanasa<br />

ze<strong>da</strong>! samoTxe sul axlosaa!~<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

13

SegiZlia simdidris gaReba?<br />

...erTxel franciskTan mivi<strong>da</strong><br />

vaWari, saxelad bernard<br />

kanitavaleli, romelic<br />

franciskos mamis, sinior<br />

bernardinos msgavsad qsoviliT<br />

vaWrob<strong>da</strong>... mas smeno<strong>da</strong> franciskis<br />

Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad Rimilis<br />

momgvrelad eCvenebo<strong>da</strong><br />

bernardinos ganebivrebuli<br />

vaJiSvilis iseTi gamoxtomebi,<br />

rogoricaa keTrovanTa kocna,<br />

sajarod gax<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sakuTari<br />

mamisaTvis Tavisi tansacmlis<br />

<strong>da</strong>bruneba. bernards ar SeeZlo<br />

zustad aReqva, Tu raSi<br />

mdgomareob<strong>da</strong> franciskis es<br />

`axali sigiJe~... marTla RmerTi<br />

xom ar aZlev<strong>da</strong> mas Zalas, aetana<br />

SimSili, siSiSvle <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mcireba?..<br />

`erTi azri mtanjavs~, _ mimarTa<br />

bernardma franciskos, _<br />

`Semiwyale <strong>da</strong> gaanaTle Cemi suli.~<br />

franciskom bernards xeli<br />

mouWira <strong>da</strong> wamoayena is.<br />

`gismen, Zmao bernard. Sens suls<br />

me ki ara, RmerTi gaanaTlebs.<br />

miambe Seni gasaWiri.”<br />

`erTma keTilSobilma didi ganZi<br />

momabara Sesanaxad. am ganZs me<br />

mravali weli vicavdi, magram axla<br />

xangrZliv <strong>da</strong> saxifaTo<br />

mogzaurobaSi vapireb wasvlas.<br />

ra un<strong>da</strong> vuyo am ganZs?~<br />

`un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ubruno im kacs, vinc<br />

mogabara. vin aris is keTilSobili?~<br />

`qriste. mTeli Cemi simdidre mas<br />

ekuTvnis. rogor <strong>da</strong>vubruno is<br />

mas?~<br />

...<strong>rogorc</strong> ki wmin<strong>da</strong> jorjos<br />

moe<strong>da</strong>ns mivaRwieT, bernardma<br />

Tavisi maRazia gaaRo <strong>da</strong> zRurblze<br />

mdgarma <strong>da</strong>iyvira: `vinc ki Raribi<br />

<strong>da</strong> Caucmelia, modiT CemTan!<br />

qristes saxeliT me gavcem mTels<br />

Cems saqonels.~<br />

14 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

...rogor morbo<strong>da</strong> xalxi! qalebi,<br />

gogonebi, moxuci kacebi,<br />

maTxovrebi: rogori<br />

gabrwyinebuli iyo maTi Tvalebi,<br />

rogor xarbad epotinebodnen<br />

yvelafers am kvira dRes! bernardi<br />

RimiliTa <strong>da</strong> kmayofilebiT xan<br />

erTs eoxunjebo<strong>da</strong>, xan _ meores,<br />

didi makratliT Wri<strong>da</strong> qsovils <strong>da</strong><br />

arigeb<strong>da</strong> Tavis simdidres.<br />

dro<strong>da</strong>dro bernardi francisks<br />

eubnebo<strong>da</strong>: `ra sixarulia Zmao<br />

francisk! ra Svebaa!~<br />

am dros gzad mama silvesterma<br />

Caiara. imis xilvaze, Tu rogor<br />

aniaveb<strong>da</strong> bernardi Tavis qonebas,<br />

mRvdels guli gausk<strong>da</strong>.<br />

`ra sircxvilia aseTi simdidris<br />

gaflangva!~ CaiCurCula<br />

TavisTvis... franciski miuxv<strong>da</strong>,<br />

ras fiqrob<strong>da</strong> is.<br />

`mama silvester, gaxsovT, ras<br />

ambobs ieso qriste? bodiSs<br />

gixdiT, rom gaxsenebT:<br />

`Tu gin<strong>da</strong>, rom srulyofili iyo,<br />

wadi, Seni qoneba gayide <strong>da</strong> mieci<br />

Raribebs <strong>da</strong> geqneba saunje<br />

zecaSi~. (maTe, 19:20)<br />

maS, raRatomRa aqnevT Tavs?~<br />

mama silvesterma Caaxvela,<br />

wamowiTl<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tavisi gza<br />

ganagrZo. franciskma Zlier<br />

ganica<strong>da</strong>, rom mas tkivili miayena.<br />

`mama silvester, mama silvester!~ _<br />

<strong>da</strong>iyvira man. mRvdeli Semobrun<strong>da</strong>.<br />

`me Tqven qristes sityvebi<br />

SegaxseneT. momiteveT. Tqven,<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> RvTismsaxurma, es<br />

sityvebi xom Cemnair codvilze<br />

ukeT uwyiT.~<br />

franciski mama silvesteris<br />

gverdiT rom mdgariyo, mis<br />

Tvalebze or did cremls<br />

SeamCnev<strong>da</strong>.

SegiZliaT inteleqtis gaReba?<br />

sinior pietro boloniis universitetis<br />

samarTlis fakultetis saxelovani<br />

profesori iyo... Tavisi sayvareli<br />

studentis sikvdilis gamo man bolonia<br />

ramodenime dRis win <strong>da</strong>tova. is ver<br />

moeria wuxils, mamiseul saxlSi<br />

gamoiketa <strong>da</strong> aravis naxva ar sur<strong>da</strong>...<br />

SuaRamemde kiTxvis gamo mas loyebi<br />

Caucviv<strong>da</strong>, saxe gamouSra <strong>da</strong> iseTi<br />

yviTeli gaux<strong>da</strong>, <strong>rogorc</strong> is ZviradRirebuli<br />

pergamentia, romelsac qristes<br />

vnebaTa Casawerad iyenebdnen berebi.<br />

`mapatieT~, _ Tqva man, _ `Tavi<strong>da</strong>n rom<br />

viwyeb. me myav<strong>da</strong> studenti saxelad<br />

gvido, romelic sakuTari vaJiSviliviT<br />

miyvar<strong>da</strong>... oci wlis asakSi mas ukve<br />

xan<strong>da</strong>zmuli kacis cnobiereba <strong>da</strong><br />

erudicia hqon<strong>da</strong>. ramodenime dRis win<br />

is gar<strong>da</strong>icvala.~<br />

qviTinis Sesakaveblad man tuCebi<br />

moikvnita.... `bolos, roca is agoniaSi<br />

iyo, mis baliSTan <strong>da</strong>viCoqe <strong>da</strong> vuTxari:<br />

`gvido, Svilo Cemo, Tu RmerTi TavisTan<br />

mogixmobs... msurs, rom erT Rames sizmrad<br />

mewvio <strong>da</strong> miambo, ra xdeba im qveynad.~<br />

`...is movi<strong>da</strong>. dRes gamTeniisas... ucnauri<br />

mosasxami emosa. ara, es ar iyo mantia, es<br />

iyo aseulobiT qaRaldis furceli,<br />

romelic misi sxeulis garSemo erTad iyo<br />

akinZuli, es iyo yvela misi<br />

swavlisdroindeli xelnaweri. aq iyo<br />

yvela problema, SekiTxva, filosofiuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> iuridiuli dilemebi, Teologiuri<br />

sakiTxebi... is imdenad iyo <strong>da</strong>mZimebuli am<br />

qaRaldebiT, rom miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad didi<br />

survilisa, siaruli ar SeeZlo. `gvido,<br />

Svilo Cemo~, _ <strong>da</strong>vuyvire mas, _ `ra aris<br />

es... ra giSlis xels, rom iaro?~<br />

`me axlaxan movbrundi jojoxeTi<strong>da</strong>n~, _<br />

mipasuxa man, _ `<strong>da</strong> viRwvi, rom mivaRwio<br />

salxineblamde, magram amaod. qaRaldebis<br />

es grova mabrkolebs...~<br />

sinior pietro wamodga. `axla yvelaferi<br />

<strong>da</strong>srulebulia~, Tqva man. `aq mosvlamde<br />

yvela Cemi xelnaweri, yvela Cemi wigni<br />

cecxls miveci <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vwvi. me ga<strong>da</strong>vrCi...<br />

CemTvis axali cxovreba iwyeba, dideba,<br />

ufalo!~<br />

SegiZliaT, uari TqvaT<br />

Zaladobaze?<br />

`Cemi saxelia francisk asizeli. me RvTis<br />

patara sayvarel glaxasac meZaxian <strong>da</strong> mis<br />

masxarasac...~<br />

`me var beri espaneTi<strong>da</strong>n. cxra mTa<br />

imisTvis gadmoviare, rom papis nebarTva<br />

miviRo iseTi ordenis <strong>da</strong>fuZnebaze,<br />

romelic eretikosebisa <strong>da</strong> urwmunoebis<br />

winaaRmdeg gailaSqrebs. Cemi saxelia<br />

domeniki~. 1<br />

`mec viTxove papisagan nebarTva, Semeqmna<br />

ordeni <strong>da</strong> meqa<strong>da</strong>ga.~<br />

`ra un<strong>da</strong> geqa<strong>da</strong>ga, Zmao francisk?~<br />

`srulyofili siduxWire <strong>da</strong> WeSmariti<br />

siyvaruli.~<br />

`Tqven ar apirebT eretikosebis,<br />

codvilebisa <strong>da</strong> urwmunoebis <strong>da</strong>sawvavad<br />

yvela sofelSi koconis <strong>da</strong>nTebas?~<br />

`ara, ara~, _ SekrTa franciski, _<br />

1 wm. domeniki, dominikanelTa ordenis <strong>da</strong> wmin<strong>da</strong><br />

inkviziciis <strong>da</strong>maarsebeli. avtoriseul teqstSi<br />

wm. domenikis Sexedulebebi sakmaod<br />

hiperbolizirebula<strong>da</strong>a warmodgenili <strong>da</strong><br />

gaigivebulia inkviziciis sisastikesTan.<br />

sinamdvileSi, wm. domeniks inkviziciis funqcia sul<br />

sxvanairad hqon<strong>da</strong> warmodgenili sulac ar iyo<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebis koconze <strong>da</strong>wvis momxre (red. SeniSvna).<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

15

`<br />

me ar vapireb codvilebis<br />

mokvliT codvis mospobas, me ar<br />

vapireb omis gaCaRebas<br />

borotebisa <strong>da</strong> urwmunoebis<br />

winaaRmdeg. me siyvaruli un<strong>da</strong><br />

viqa<strong>da</strong>go <strong>da</strong> amavdroulad me un<strong>da</strong><br />

miyvardes; me Tanxmoba un<strong>da</strong><br />

viqa<strong>da</strong>go <strong>da</strong> am qveyanad yvela<br />

ZmasaviT un<strong>da</strong> miyvardes...<br />

`a<strong>da</strong>miani bunebiT borotia _ boroti,<br />

cbieri <strong>da</strong> demonuri,~ _ braziT wamoiZaxa<br />

TeTri mantiiT Semosilma domenikma.<br />

`sikeTe, romelzec Sen saubrob, sakmarisi<br />

ar aris; aq iZulebaa saWiro. Tu sxeuli<br />

xels giSlis, is un<strong>da</strong> ganadgurdes sulis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>sarCenad. me espaneTSi SeSas cecxli<br />

un<strong>da</strong> wavukido, sulebi sxeulebs miwas<br />

miabareben, ferflad aqceven <strong>da</strong> Tavad<br />

zecas<br />

`<br />

miswvdebian.~<br />

` ~<br />

siyvaruli!<br />

`<br />

~<br />

Zala!<br />

miteveba!<br />

~<br />

`Zmao, francisk, cxovreba ar aris<br />

adgili, sa<strong>da</strong>c xelgayrili wyvilebi<br />

siyvarulze RiRineben <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>seirnoben.<br />

cxovreba omi, mZime Sroma <strong>da</strong><br />

Zaladobaa!... wylis <strong>da</strong>leva Tu gsurs,<br />

Wa amoTxare; Tu borotebis <strong>da</strong>marcxeba<br />

gsurs, Tavs <strong>da</strong>esxi borotebas...<br />

nu miyureb SeSinebuli, saco<strong>da</strong>o,<br />

Zvirfaso bero. Tavad bibliac igives<br />

ambobs: `moZaladem sasufevelSic<br />

ZaliT SeaRwia.~<br />

franciskma amoioxra. `me ar vicodi,<br />

Zaladobac Tu RmerTis Seqmnili iyo.<br />

Sen gaafarTove Cemi Tvalsawieri,<br />

magram Cemi guli sxvas ambobs <strong>da</strong><br />

mosTqvams: `siyvaruli! siyvaruli!~<br />

magram vin icis, iqneb Cveni gzebi erT<br />

dRes Seiyreba <strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs uflisken<br />

mimaval gzaze SevxvdebiT.~<br />

16 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

~<br />

`hqmeni ese, ufalo~, _ upasuxa ucnobma, _<br />

`magram vSiSob, rom Sen kacTa Soris<br />

<strong>da</strong>cemuli kravi xar _ mgelTa Soris<br />

<strong>da</strong>cemuli kravi. isini manam SegWamen,<br />

vidre Sens mizans miaRwev. momiteve, Tu<br />

gulwrfelad geubnebi imas, rasac<br />

vfiqrob: Sen yvelaferi ici siyvarulis<br />

Sesaxeb, magram es ar aris sakmarisi. Sen<br />

isic un<strong>da</strong> icode, rom siZulvilic<br />

RmerTisagan modis <strong>da</strong> isic RmerTis<br />

samsaxurSia. <strong>da</strong> aseT droebaSi, maSin<br />

rodesac es qveyana <strong>da</strong>cemulia, RmerTs<br />

siZulvili ufro emsaxureba, vidre<br />

siyvaruli.~ is adga, raTa wasuliyo.<br />

`mSvidobiT, Zmao domenik. min<strong>da</strong> icode,<br />

rom lomebi <strong>da</strong> kravebi, siyvaruli <strong>da</strong><br />

Zala, sinaTle <strong>da</strong> cecxli, keTili <strong>da</strong><br />

boroti _ yvelani RvTisaken iltvian,<br />

Tumca, amis Sesaxeb ara uwyian.<br />

siZulvilma es ar icis, ueWvelia,<br />

magram siyvarulma es namdvilad icis...<br />

me Sen erT sasixarulo saidumlos<br />

gagandob: erT dRes yvela erTad<br />

Seiyreba iq, sa<strong>da</strong>c ufali dgas<br />

gamowvdili xelebiT.~

henri devid toros esse _ `<strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

<strong><strong>da</strong>umorCilebloba</strong>~ _ swored msgavsi<br />

gamocdilebis Sedegad <strong>da</strong>iwera.<br />

`monoba <strong>da</strong> omi miuRebelia aTasobiT<br />

<strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> SexedulebisTvis ... Tumca,<br />

arafers akeTebs imisaTvis, rom yovelive<br />

amas bolo moeRos .... isini meryeoben,<br />

wuxils gamoTqvamen, zogjer peticiebsac<br />

adgenen, magram suliT <strong>da</strong> guliT arafers<br />

akeTeben <strong>da</strong> arc raime Sedegi moaqvs maT<br />

aqtivobas. isini mSvi<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong>elodebian,<br />

rom sxvam aRmofxvras es boroteba <strong>da</strong><br />

aRar mouxdeT amaze wuxili...<br />

erT Rirseul a<strong>da</strong>mianze 999 Rirsebis<br />

qomagi modis.<br />

maSinac ki, roca xmas aZlevT<br />

samarTlianobas, bevrs arafers akeTebT<br />

misi <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebisaTvis. Tqven mxolod<br />

mokrZalebiT gamoxatavT Tqvens survils,<br />

rom samarTlianobam un<strong>da</strong> gaimarjvos.<br />

keTilgonieri a<strong>da</strong>miani samarTals marto<br />

bedis anabara ar miatovebs <strong>da</strong> arc<br />

umravlesobas ga<strong>da</strong>ulocavs mis<br />

aRsrulebas. masebis qmedebaSi arc Rirs<br />

raime saTnoebis Zieba...~<br />

`<br />

im qveyanaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c xelisufleba<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians usamarTlod apatimrebs,<br />

patiosani <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> adgili<br />

mxolod cixeSia.<br />

~<br />

...magram mdidrebi... maT yovelTvis<br />

moisyidis is <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba, romelic maT<br />

amdidrebs. pir<strong>da</strong>pir rom vTqvaT, rac<br />

metia fuli, miT ufro naklebia Rirseba,<br />

radganac fuli a<strong>da</strong>miansa <strong>da</strong> mis miznebs<br />

Soris dgas... ase, rom moraluri<br />

safuZveli mas fexqveS ecleba...<br />

Cems erTob Tavisuflebismoyvare<br />

mezoblebs rom vesaubrebi, CemTvis<br />

naTeli xdeba, ramdenic ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

ilaparakon sakiTxis mniSvnelobasa <strong>da</strong><br />

sirTuleze... mTavari mainc isaa, rom...<br />

maT aSfoTebT imaze fiqric ki, Tu ra<br />

bedi ewevaT maT ojaxebsa <strong>da</strong> qonebas<br />

<strong>da</strong>umorCileblobis SemTxvevaSi... Tu me<br />

ugulvebelvyof saxelmwifos moTxovnas,<br />

rodesac ga<strong>da</strong>saxadis qviTars<br />

warmomidgens, is <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv<br />

/tyhb ltdbl<br />

njhj<br />

henri devid toro<br />

<strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> 1816 wels<br />

masaCusetsSi,<br />

SeZlebul ojaxSi.<br />

man harvardis<br />

koleji <strong>da</strong>amTavra,<br />

ris Semdegac<br />

adgilobriv skolaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo<br />

maswavleblad muSaoba. Tumca,<br />

skolaSi torom mxolod<br />

2 kvira <strong>da</strong>hyo, radganac<br />

adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan<br />

uTanxmoeba mouvi<strong>da</strong>. amis<br />

Semdeg man garkveuli periodi<br />

kerZo maswavleblad <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>qiravebul muSad imuSava,<br />

Semdeg ki weras Seudga. is<br />

uaRresad SeaSfoTa iman, rom<br />

misma erma <strong>da</strong>saSvebad miiCnia<br />

monoba <strong>da</strong> meqsika-amerikis omi.<br />

1845 wlis 4 ivliss Tavisi<br />

xelmokle sacxovrebli<strong>da</strong>n is<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>saxl<strong>da</strong> qoxSi, romelic<br />

uoldenis gubis maxlobel<br />

tyeSi aaSena. axden<strong>da</strong> ra mTavrobisagan<br />

sakuTari <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis<br />

demonstrirebas, ori<br />

weli is iq cxovrob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

swored aq <strong>da</strong>apatimres toro<br />

adgilobrivi suladobrivi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>saxadis ga<strong>da</strong>uxdelobis<br />

gamo. am nabijiT torom imis<br />

demonstrireba moaxdina, rom<br />

is ar aRiareb<strong>da</strong> mTavrobas,<br />

`romelic <strong>rogorc</strong> saqonels,<br />

ise yidulobs <strong>da</strong> hyidis<br />

qalebs, kacebsa <strong>da</strong> bavSvebs...~<br />

man cixeSi mxolod erTi Rame<br />

<strong>da</strong>hyo, radganac es ga<strong>da</strong>saxadi<br />

misi ojaxis wevrma ga<strong>da</strong>ixa<strong>da</strong>.<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

17

CamomarTmevs mTels qonebas <strong>da</strong> amis<br />

Semdegac mosvenebas ar mogvcems arc<br />

me <strong>da</strong> arc Cems Svilebs.<br />

es Zneli ga<strong>da</strong>satania...<br />

ase rom, saxelmwifo ganzrax arasdros<br />

ewinaaRmdegeba <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> cnobierebas,<br />

inteleqtualursa Tu moralurs, aramed<br />

mxolod mis sxeuls ebrZvis. igi<br />

aRWurvilia ara gansakuTrebuli<br />

sibrZniTa <strong>da</strong> patiosnebiT, aramed<br />

aRmatebuli fizikuri ZaliT.<br />

18 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

vf/fsvf<br />

ufylb<br />

mahaTma gandi 1869 wels indoeTSi,<br />

SeZlebul ojaxSi <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>. mamamiss<br />

adgilobriv provinciaSi maRali<br />

Tanamdeboba ekava. is principul<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianad iyo cnobili. gandi misi<br />

meoTxe vaJi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, romelic<br />

meoTxe colisagan SeeZina (pirvel<br />

sami gar<strong>da</strong>ecvala). yvelaze Tbili<br />

grZnobebi mas de<strong>da</strong>sTan akavSireb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romelsac im `uwmindess~ <strong>da</strong><br />

`Rrmad religiur pirovnebad~<br />

moixsenieb<strong>da</strong>, romelic <strong>da</strong>Tqmul<br />

sityvas ar ga<strong>da</strong>vido<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mozardobis periodSi igi qurdob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rasac sakuTar ojaxs ar umxel<strong>da</strong>,<br />

Tumca sakuTari rwmenis karnaxiT, is<br />

yovelTvis aRiareb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naSauls <strong>da</strong><br />

patiebas iTxov<strong>da</strong>. mas axsovs, mamis<br />

pativiscema <strong>da</strong> siyvaruli, romelic<br />

man ara SiSis, aramed siyvarulis<br />

karnaxiT, gulwrfeli aRiarebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sinanulis gamo <strong>da</strong>imsaxura.<br />

inglisSi samarTlis skolaSi<br />

swavlisas man bhagavatgitas kiTxva<br />

<strong>da</strong>iwyo. es iyo hindus enaze <strong>da</strong>werili<br />

teqsti, romelic Tavisi mniSvnelobiT<br />

musulmanuri yuranisa <strong>da</strong> qristianuli<br />

bibliis analogiuria. orTodoqsi<br />

indoelebi gitas im istoriuli<br />

brZolis aRmwer nawarmoebad aRiqvamdnen,<br />

romelSic moTxrobilia, Tu rogor<br />

Seeca<strong>da</strong> lideri sisxlisRvris<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebas, magram rodesac<br />

RmerTma mas sakuTari movaleoba<br />

Seaxsena, igi <strong>da</strong>Tanxm<strong>da</strong>, Zaladobrivi<br />

qmedebebisTvis miemarTa. gandim,<br />

romelic araZaladobrivi meTodebis<br />

momxre iyo, am `brZolaSi~ im duelis<br />

alegoria <strong>da</strong>inaxa, romelic mudmivad<br />

mimdinareobs <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> sulSi. ase Tu<br />

ise, is eTanxmebo<strong>da</strong> umoqmedobis<br />

`gita~-seul <strong>da</strong>gmobas <strong>da</strong> amavdroulad<br />

Tavad arideb<strong>da</strong> Tavs im borotebas,<br />

romelic qmedebebs sdevs Tan.

is, vinc Sedegebze fiqrobs, xSirad<br />

sakuTari movaleobis Sesrulebis unars<br />

kargavs. is sulswrafi xdeba <strong>da</strong> brazs<br />

anTxevs ... erTi saqmi<strong>da</strong>n meoreze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>erTveba <strong>da</strong> arcerTis erTguli ar<br />

aris... vinc Sedegebze zedmetad fiqrobs<br />

...yuradReba efanteba, sindisze xels<br />

iRebs, misi SefasebiT, yvelaferi<br />

marTebulia <strong>da</strong> amitomac, miznis<br />

miRwevas is yvela patiosani <strong>da</strong><br />

amoraluri saSualebiT cdilobs.<br />

saboloo miznis misaRwevad saWiro<br />

Sinagani simSvidis mopoveba<br />

SesaZlebelia ara `Sedegebze~<br />

orientirebiT, aramed TviTuaryofiT...<br />

qristianuli `Zveli aRTqmis~ pirveli<br />

wignebi mas mosawyeni eCvena, magram<br />

`axali aRTqma~, <strong>rogorc</strong> Tavad aRniSnavs,<br />

“pir<strong>da</strong>pir gulSi Caswv<strong>da</strong>”. iseTma ideebma,<br />

rogoricaa `meore loyac miuSvire... <strong>da</strong><br />

giyvardeT Tqveni mtrebi~, suliT<br />

xorcamde SeZra.<br />

24 wlis asakSi, axalbe<strong>da</strong> iuristi samxreT<br />

afrikaSi gaemgzavra. sazogadoebaSi,<br />

romelic mkveTrad iyo <strong>da</strong>yofili kanis<br />

feris, mrwamsisa <strong>da</strong> profesiis mixedviT,<br />

calkeul jgufebs Soris Surisa <strong>da</strong><br />

undoblobis atmosfero mefob<strong>da</strong>. gandim<br />

matarebelze pirveli klasis bileTi<br />

SeiZina. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />

konduqtorma gaafrTxila, yvela<br />

indoeli mesame klasiT mgzavrobso _<br />

man vagonis <strong>da</strong>tovebaze uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong>.<br />

incidentis aRsakveTad policiels<br />

mouxmes <strong>da</strong> igi bargTan erTad<br />

matarebli<strong>da</strong>n gadmoagdes. mTeli Rame is<br />

eklebze ij<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> fiqrob<strong>da</strong>, Tu rogor<br />

moqceuliyo: indoeTSi <strong>da</strong>brunebuliyo<br />

Tu... ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita, ebrZola. is gax<strong>da</strong><br />

araformaluri lideri, romelic<br />

mouwodeb<strong>da</strong> indoelebs, nebismier saqmeSi<br />

(biznesis CaTvliT) ar <strong>da</strong>ekargaT<br />

TavianTi Rirseba, <strong>da</strong>eviwyebinaT<br />

gansxvavebuli mrwamsi <strong>da</strong> eswavlaT<br />

inglisuri. man rkinigzas werilobiT<br />

mimarTa <strong>da</strong> `kargad Cacmuli~<br />

indoelebisaTvis pirveli klasiT<br />

mgzavrobis organizeba moiTxova.<br />

am incidentma didi gavlena moaxdina<br />

mis Semdgom cxovrebaze.<br />

araZaladobrivi aqciebi<br />

_ satiagraha<br />

gandis ar moswon<strong>da</strong> arc Tavad termini<br />

`pasiuri winaaRmdegoba~, arc amgvari<br />

winaaRmdegobis idea. termini satiagraha,<br />

ori sityvis – satias (simarTlis<br />

siyvaruli) <strong>da</strong> agrahas (simtkice, Zala)<br />

kombinacias warmoadgens.<br />

`<br />

simarTlis <strong>da</strong>cva tanjvis<br />

miyenebiT ara<br />

mowinaaRmdegisaTvis, aramed<br />

sakuTari TavisaTvis.<br />

satiagraha mSvidobiani meTodia,<br />

romelic iTvaliswinebs mowinaaRmdegeTa<br />

moqcevas siwmindis, Tavm<strong>da</strong>blobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

patiosnebis demonstrirebis gziT.<br />

es aris gar<strong>da</strong>qmna <strong>da</strong> ara ganadgureba.<br />

Zaladoba <strong>da</strong> agresia msxverplSi _ mware<br />

grZnobebs, xolo moZaladeSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>undoblobas aRviZebs.<br />

mTavari iyo, moexmoT mowinaaRmdegis<br />

saRi azrisa <strong>da</strong> zneobisaTvis. `CemTvis<br />

yovelTvis warmoudgeneli iyo, rogor<br />

SeuZlia a<strong>da</strong>mianma Tavi igrZnos<br />

Rirseulad, sxvaTa <strong>da</strong>mcirebiT.~<br />

mowinaaRmdegeTa Soris saboloo<br />

Serigebis misaRwevad satiagraha<br />

<strong>da</strong>saSvebad miiCnevs mudmiv dialogs.<br />

Seuracxyofa, <strong>da</strong>Sineba <strong>da</strong> propagan<strong>da</strong> am<br />

miznis miRwevas mxolod xels uSlis.<br />

cixe<br />

SemoTavazebuli kanoniT, indoelebs<br />

sakanonmdeblo organos arCevnebSi xmis<br />

micema ekrZalebo<strong>da</strong>T. igive kanoni maT<br />

registraciis gavlasa <strong>da</strong> piradobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli mowmobebis tarebasac<br />

avaldebuleb<strong>da</strong>. vinc kanonis moTxovnebs<br />

ar <strong>da</strong>emorCilebo<strong>da</strong>, patimroba <strong>da</strong><br />

SesaZlo deportacia elo<strong>da</strong>. kanonma<br />

indoelTa sazogadoeba aRaSfoTa, erTerT<br />

Sekrebaze bevrma RmerTs Sehfica,<br />

rom arasdros <strong>da</strong>emorCilebo<strong>da</strong> am kanons.<br />

gandim maT mimarTa:<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

~<br />

19

`<br />

mTavrobam Rirsebis yovlgvari<br />

grZnoba <strong>da</strong>karga. Tu Cven ar<br />

gavriskavT, mxolod sakuTar<br />

ususurobasa <strong>da</strong> silaCres<br />

gamovavlenT.<br />

gandim uTxra xalxs, Tu risi tolfasi<br />

iyo es riski: SesaZloa, isini cixeSi<br />

CaesvaT, ecemaT, Seuracxyofac ki<br />

mieyenebinaT maTTvis, <strong>da</strong>ekargaT samuSao<br />

<strong>da</strong> sakuTari qoneba. `magram me<br />

<strong>da</strong>namdvilebiT SemiZlia giTxraT~, _<br />

warmosTqva man, _<br />

`<br />

rom vidre sakuTari sityvis<br />

erTguli Tun<strong>da</strong>c erTi muWa<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani iarsebebs, am saqmes<br />

mxolod erTi <strong>da</strong>sasruli<br />

eqneba <strong>da</strong> es <strong>da</strong>sasruli<br />

gamarjvebaa.<br />

es ar iyo martivi gza. mTavrobis<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>msjelo RonisZiebebma moZraobas<br />

bevri a<strong>da</strong>miani CamoaSora. zogierT<br />

aqtivists CamoarTves qoneba <strong>da</strong><br />

moaxdines maTi indoeTi<strong>da</strong>n deportireba.<br />

transvaalSi mcxovrebi 13 aTasi<br />

indoeli<strong>da</strong>n erTdroulad 2500 cixeSi<br />

ij<strong>da</strong>, xolo 6 aTasi provincii<strong>da</strong>n iyo<br />

gaqceuli. winaaRmdegobis moZraobis<br />

zogierTi aqtivisti cixeSi zedized<br />

xuTjer ij<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sasjelis moxdis<br />

momentisTvis sasamarTlos axali<br />

ganaCenebis molodinSi iyo. xelisufleba<br />

zogierT aqtivists sastikad epyrobo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

zogs fizikura<strong>da</strong>c ki anadgureb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

cnobebi am movlenebis Sesaxeb indoeTsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> inglisSi gavrcel<strong>da</strong>, rasac<br />

sayovelTao aRSfoTeba mohyva.<br />

xelisufleba SiSma moicva. masobrivi<br />

demonstracia maSin <strong>da</strong>igegma, rodesac<br />

TeTri rkinigzis TanamSromlebi sul sxva<br />

mizeziT gaificnen. gandim <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv<br />

moiTxova demonstraciis ga<strong>da</strong>deba.<br />

satiagraha xom ar iyo mowodebuli<br />

mowinaaRmdegis ganadgurebis, ngrevisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mcirebisaken. winaaRmdegobis<br />

moZraobis monawileebi imedovnebdnen,<br />

rom gulwrfelobiT, raindobiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

TviTgvemiT mowinaaRmdegis cnobierebasa<br />

20 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

~<br />

~<br />

<strong>da</strong> sulze moaxdendnen gavlenas.<br />

maT arasdros usargebliaT mTavrobis<br />

problemebiT <strong>da</strong> arc arabunebrivi<br />

aliansebi <strong>da</strong>umyarebiaT. amgvari<br />

Jesti bevrma <strong>da</strong>afasa.<br />

mTavrobam Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan Secvala Tavisi<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba. `Tqven ar SegiZliaT,<br />

20 aTasi indoeli cixeSi<br />

gamoamwyvdioT~, _ am sityvebiT<br />

generalma smatma Tavisi axali,<br />

Semrigebluri <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />

deklarireba moaxdina. kanonebi<br />

Seicvala. oc<strong>da</strong>aTi wlis Semdeg smati<br />

ixseneb<strong>da</strong>:<br />

`<br />

bedma marguna, vyofiliyavi<br />

iseTi kacis mowinaaRmdege,<br />

romelsac adrec udides pativs<br />

vcemdi... mas arasodes <strong>da</strong>viwyebia<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianuri mxare, ar gamosula<br />

wyobilebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> arc siZulvils<br />

<strong>da</strong>morCilebia. iumoris <strong>da</strong>xvewili<br />

grZnoba ki yvelaze eqstremalur<br />

situaciaSic ki SeinarCuna. misi<br />

qmedebaTa xasiaTi <strong>da</strong> sulieri<br />

Tvisebebi maSinac <strong>da</strong> Semdgomac<br />

absoluturad gansxvavdebo<strong>da</strong> im<br />

sisastikisa <strong>da</strong> Zaladobisagan,<br />

romelic dRes ase moduria...<br />

misi meTodi iyo, kanonis ganzrax<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRveva, mimdevarTa<br />

mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris masobriv<br />

moZraobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>zr<strong>da</strong>...<br />

kanon<strong>da</strong>umorCileblobis gamo<br />

didi odenobiT indoelebis<br />

sapatimroSi aRmoCena...<br />

oqsfordis universitetis profesori<br />

jilbert mari ase afasebs mas:<br />

`<br />

~<br />

ufrTxildiT a<strong>da</strong>mians, romelic<br />

ar iRwvis materialuri<br />

keTildReobis, komfortis,<br />

aRiarebis Tu <strong>da</strong>winaurebisaTvis,<br />

aramed ubralod akeTebs imas,<br />

rasac sworad miiCnevs.<br />

is saSiSi <strong>da</strong> mouxelTebeli<br />

mowinaaRmdegea, radganac<br />

misi sxeuli, romlis <strong>da</strong>Trgunvac<br />

Tqven yovelTvis SegiZliaT,<br />

mis sulTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebad<br />

Rirebulia.<br />

~

eidi marilis sawarmoSi<br />

problemis aRwera<br />

indoeTi britaneTis kolonia iyo.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom inglisi indoeTss<br />

mravali TvalsazrisiT keTilganwyobilad<br />

marTav<strong>da</strong>, es mainc erTi qveynis<br />

mier meores marTva iyo. indoel xalxs<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebloba sur<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>moukideblobisTvis<br />

saxalxo moZraobis egidiT<br />

araerTi aqcia ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>. erT-erTi<br />

maTganis Sesaxeb qvemoT giambobT.<br />

gegma<br />

erT-erTi sakiTxi, romelzec gandim<br />

fokusireba moaxdina, iyo britanuli<br />

`marilis aqtebi~. am dokumentis<br />

Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>naSaulad gamocxad<strong>da</strong><br />

indoeTSi, britaneTis mTavrobis gar<strong>da</strong>,<br />

vinmesgan marilis Sesyidva. es ki niSnav<strong>da</strong><br />

monopoliis gamocxadebas iseT<br />

nivTierebaze, romelic cxel klimatur<br />

pirobebSi ga<strong>da</strong>sarCenad a<strong>da</strong>mianebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

cxovelebs erTnairad esaWiroebo<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

marilis <strong>da</strong>mzadeba kanonsawinaaRmdego<br />

qmedebad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>. britanelebze<br />

zewolis moxdenis mizniT, gandim am<br />

kanonis ganzrax <strong>da</strong>rRveva <strong>da</strong>gegma.<br />

<strong>da</strong>sawyisi<br />

aqciis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde gandim weriliT<br />

mimarTa britanel mefisnacvals.<br />

`Zvirfaso megobaro, vidre<br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>umorCilebloba</strong>s<br />

gamovacxadebde <strong>da</strong> im riskze<br />

wavidode, romlis gawevac mTeli am<br />

wlebis ganmavlobaSi SiSs mgvri<strong>da</strong>,<br />

iZulebuli var, mogmarToT Tqven <strong>da</strong><br />

veZio gamosavali. Cemi piradi mrwamsi<br />

absoluturad naTelia. ar SemiZlia<br />

ganzrax mivayeno ziani sulier<br />

arsebas... miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, Tu rogor<br />

momeqcevian isini me <strong>da</strong> Cemianebs...<br />

wyeulad vacxadeb britanul wess...<br />

eqspluataciis gaZlierebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mangrevelad ZviradRirebuli<br />

samxedro <strong>da</strong> <strong>samoqalaqo</strong> administraciis<br />

SeqmniT, romlis Senaxvis<br />

fufunebac qveyanas ara aqvs,<br />

milionobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani gaRatak<strong>da</strong>. man<br />

Cven politikurad <strong>da</strong>gvamona. Ziri<br />

Seuryia Cveni kulturis safuZvlebs...<br />

man Cven sulierad <strong>da</strong>gvaknina...<br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>umorCilebloba</strong><br />

araZaladobriv aqciebSi gamoixateba...<br />

Cemi ambiciaa, araZaladobrivi<br />

meTodebiT gar<strong>da</strong>vqmna britaneli<br />

xalxi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vanaxo maT is<br />

usamarTloba, rac maT indoeTs<br />

<strong>da</strong>marTes. me ar vapireb, Tqveni<br />

xalxisaTvis zianis miyenebas. me msurs,<br />

vemsaxuro maT iseve, <strong>rogorc</strong> sakuTar<br />

xalxs...<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tu indoeli xalxi me gamomyveba,<br />

vfiqrob, rom is asec moiqceva,<br />

tanjva, romelsac isini gaivlian...<br />

sakmarisi iqneba yvelaze gulqva<br />

gulebis mosalboba<strong>da</strong>c ki~.<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

21

mefisnacvalma gandis mxolod mokled<br />

upasuxa: `misi udidebulesoba... wuxils<br />

gamoTqvams imis gamo, rom Tqven airCieT<br />

kursi, romelic kanonis <strong>da</strong>rRvevas <strong>da</strong><br />

sazogadoebrivi wesrigisaTvis safrTxis<br />

Seqmnas isaxavs miznad.~ razec Tavis<br />

mxriv, gandim upasuxa:<br />

`<br />

muxlmodrekilma gTxoveT puri<br />

<strong>da</strong> sanacvlod miviRe qva.<br />

~<br />

ra mox<strong>da</strong><br />

gandim <strong>da</strong> misma 75 mimdevarma msvleloba<br />

moawyves 250 miliT <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli zRvisken<br />

<strong>da</strong> es manZili 24 dReSi gaiares. aqciis<br />

monawileebs sixaruliT xvdebodnen<br />

soflebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c gandi xalxs mimarTav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

1930 wlis 5 aprils maT zRvamde miaRwies.<br />

gandim aiRo wylisgan gamoxdili marili<br />

<strong>da</strong> amiT kanoni <strong>da</strong>arRvia. ase <strong>da</strong>iwyo<br />

ajanyeba iaraRis gareSe. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

mxaris soflis macxovreblebi tafebiT<br />

xelSi zRvisken miemarTebodnen <strong>da</strong><br />

marils amzadebdnen. erT TveSi 60 aTasi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani gisosebs miRma aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> _<br />

indoelebs winaaRmdegoba ar gauweviaT.<br />

<strong>da</strong>apatimres gandic.<br />

moZraobam dharasanas marilis sawarmoSi<br />

specialuri `reidi~ ganaxorciela.<br />

demonstrantebis rigi <strong>da</strong>dga 400<br />

mcveliTa <strong>da</strong> ekliani mavTulebiT <strong>da</strong>cul<br />

marilis sabadoebis misadgomebTan.<br />

isini Cumad miuaxlovdnen Robes.<br />

ubrZanes ukan <strong>da</strong>exiaT. policia Tavs<br />

<strong>da</strong>esxa demonstrantebs <strong>da</strong> xelketebiT<br />

cema isini _ miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, aqciis<br />

arc erT monawiles xeli ar aRumarTavs,<br />

Tun<strong>da</strong>c Tav<strong>da</strong>cvis mizniT. Tavis qalaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>rtymis xmebsac ki gaigonebdiT.<br />

300-ze meti demonstranti, romelmac<br />

<strong>da</strong>zianeba miiRo, saavadmyofoSi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>iyvanes. ori a<strong>da</strong>miani gar<strong>da</strong>icvala.<br />

britanelebi indoelebs xelketebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

iaraRis kon<strong>da</strong>xiT scemdnen. es incidenti<br />

britaneTis administraciisaTvis did<br />

sircxvilad iqca, isini sindisma Seawuxa.<br />

indoelebs qedi ar mouxriaT <strong>da</strong> arc ukan<br />

<strong>da</strong>uxeviaT. inglisi <strong>da</strong>uZlur<strong>da</strong>, xolo<br />

indoeTi uZleveli gax<strong>da</strong>.<br />

22 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

ljmnjh<br />

vfhnby<br />

kesth rbyub<br />

kingi 1929 wels `Sav~ atlantaSi<br />

jorjiis Statis de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>, saSualo fenis ojaxSi.<br />

mamamisi Zlieri nebisyofis<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani iyo, romelmac<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukideblad gaikvlia<br />

cxovrebaSi gza <strong>da</strong> baptistTa<br />

cnobili sasuliero piri gax<strong>da</strong>.<br />

de<strong>da</strong>misi mSvidi <strong>da</strong><br />

win<strong>da</strong>xeduli a<strong>da</strong>miani iyo,<br />

romelic wonasworobas<br />

iSviaTad kargav<strong>da</strong>. samxreTuli<br />

cxovrebis wesis Sesaxeb man<br />

5 wlis asakSi Seityo, rodesac<br />

TeTrkanian megobars mxolod<br />

imitom <strong>da</strong>aSores, rom am<br />

ukanasknels TeTrebisaTvis<br />

gankuTvnil skolaSi calke<br />

un<strong>da</strong> eswavla. maSin de<strong>da</strong>m mas<br />

uTxra: `sxvaze naklebad Tavi<br />

arasodes igrZno. yovelTvis<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gqondes imis SegrZneba,<br />

rom pirovneba xar.~

Tu gvsurs, ar gavimeoroT warsulis<br />

Secdomebi <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa `warmoudgeneli~<br />

warmatebebi Cvenive STagonebis wyarod<br />

vaqcioT – gavecnoT doqtor martin<br />

luTer kingis cxovrebas <strong>da</strong> mis brZolas<br />

samxreTSi segregaciis (rasobrivi<br />

<strong>da</strong>yofis) winaaRmdeg. Znelia moiZebnos<br />

kingis ukeTesi biografia, vidre stiven<br />

b. outsis bestseleri `<strong>da</strong>e, igugunon<br />

<strong>da</strong>f<strong>da</strong>febma~.<br />

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa imis xilva,<br />

Tu rogor icvlebo<strong>da</strong> politikuri<br />

fortuna, <strong>da</strong> rogor iqca erT dros<br />

warmoudgenlad miCneuli `<strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

uflebaTa aqti~ kanonad. waikiTxeT<br />

prezident kenedis mimarTva xalxisadmi,<br />

romelic Cven, <strong>rogorc</strong> mSoblebs, dResac<br />

bevrs gveubneba.<br />

erTxel kingi Tavis maswavlebelTan<br />

erTad avtobusiT Sin brundebo<strong>da</strong>. roca<br />

avtobusi TeTrkanianiebiT gaivso,<br />

mZRolma maT ukan ga<strong>da</strong>jdoma mosTxova.<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad is uarze iyo, Tumca<br />

bolos mainc ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong> ukan. mogvianebiT<br />

am epizods kingi ase ixseneb<strong>da</strong>:<br />

`<br />

is Rame arasdros waiSleba Cemi<br />

mexsierebi<strong>da</strong>n. cxovrebaSi ase<br />

Zlier arasdros<br />

gavbrazebulvar.<br />

~<br />

kingma swavla murhauzis kolejSi<br />

gaagrZela <strong>da</strong> ZiriTad sagnad sociologia<br />

airCia. zafxulSi is Sav muSad<br />

muSaob<strong>da</strong>, raTa a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierToba<br />

<strong>da</strong>emyarebina, `gaego maTi mdgomareoba <strong>da</strong><br />

ganeca<strong>da</strong> maTi gasaWiri.~ man <strong>da</strong>iwyo imis<br />

gacnobiereba, rom kapitalizmi eqspluatacias<br />

uwev<strong>da</strong> Savebs <strong>da</strong> rasizms<br />

aRviveb<strong>da</strong>. Tavisi agresia kingma TeTrkanianebis<br />

nacvlad sistemis winaaRmdeg<br />

mimarTa. koleji 1948 wels sociologiis<br />

bakalavris xarisxiT <strong>da</strong>amTavra.<br />

Semdeg swavla pensilvaniaSi, qveyanaSi<br />

erT-erT saukeTeso krozeris seminariaSi<br />

gaagrZela. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />

RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris kurss<br />

gadio<strong>da</strong>, mas sur<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>uflebo<strong>da</strong><br />

socialuri usamarTlobis aRmofxvris<br />

sakiTxebs. 90-iani wlebis Teologis,<br />

uolter rauSenbaxis Sromebi<strong>da</strong>n man<br />

gaacnobiera aqtiuri qristianuli<br />

rwmenis mniSvneloba, romelic vrceldeba<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> amqveynad, aseve imqveyna<strong>da</strong>c.<br />

man uaryo karl marqsis Sromebi,<br />

romelic ewinaaRmdegebo<strong>da</strong> mis rwmenas<br />

imis Sesaxeb, rom: `realobis centrSi<br />

guli Zevs, cocxali mama, romelic mTeli<br />

sicocxle Tavisi Svilebis ga<strong>da</strong>rCenisaTvis<br />

iRwvis.~ marqsi am sulier sawyiss<br />

uaryof<strong>da</strong>. is arc im midgomas eTanxmebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c `mizani<br />

amarTlebs saSualebas~. Tumca,<br />

kapitalizmis sisastikis marqsiseul<br />

kritikas isic iziareb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

buker t. vaSingtoni Savkanianebs<br />

mouwodeb<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>eviwyebinaT segregaciis<br />

winaaRmdeg brZola, romelsac aSS-s<br />

uzenaesma sasamarTlom saqmeSi `plesi<br />

fergiusonis winaaRmdeg~ (1896) mxari<br />

<strong>da</strong>uWira. vaSingtoni urCev<strong>da</strong> Savkanianebs,<br />

ezrunaT sakuTari Tavis srulyofasa <strong>da</strong><br />

TeTrebis pativiscemis moxveWaze,<br />

romlebic maT, <strong>rogorc</strong> Zmebs, ise<br />

moepyrobodnen. am gziT ki rasobrivi<br />

simSvide <strong>da</strong>isadgureb<strong>da</strong>. nebayoflobiT<br />

segregacias sxvebic emxrobodnen. bevri<br />

Savkaniani sasuliero piri mouwodeb<strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis mrevls, Seguebo<strong>da</strong> arsebul<br />

status qvos im imediT, rom aRTqmul<br />

miwaze yvelani Tanaswori iqnebodnen.<br />

kingma amgvari midgomis winaaRmdeg<br />

gailaSqra: `SavkanianTa goneba <strong>da</strong> suli<br />

<strong>da</strong>monebulia.~ rogor SeiZleba,<br />

Savkanianebma raime ufleba moipovon im<br />

qveyanaSi, romelsac TeTrkaniani<br />

umravlesoba marTavs. man waikiTxa<br />

henri devid toro, <strong>da</strong> aRfrTovan<strong>da</strong><br />

im `ideiT, rom:<br />

erT patiosan a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />

SeuZlia, moraluri<br />

~<br />

revolucia aagoros!<br />

seminariaSi swavlob<strong>da</strong> erTi samxreTeli<br />

studenti, romelic saSinlad ver itan<strong>da</strong><br />

Savkanianebs. erTxel is kings oTaxSi<br />

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23

Seuvar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>tenili pistoletiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>emuqra. kingma situacia mSvidi saubriT<br />

ganmuxta. saerTo sacxovrebelSi am<br />

ambavs didi aJiotaJi mohyva, magram<br />

kingma am kacis winaaRmdeg sarCelis<br />

Setanaze uari Tqva. Tav<strong>da</strong>msxmelma kings<br />

bodiSi mouxa<strong>da</strong>, ris Semdegac isini<br />

<strong>da</strong>megobrdnen. am SemTxvevam kings aswavla,<br />

Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> aqcio mteri megobrad.<br />

kingi arc ise gulubryvilo a<strong>da</strong>miani iyo,<br />

eWvis Setana rom ar <strong>da</strong>ewyo qristianuli<br />

siyvarulis SesaZleblobaSi _ gamoewvia<br />

realuri socialuri gar<strong>da</strong>qmnebi.<br />

istoriam mas <strong>da</strong>anaxa, Tu rogori uZluri<br />

SeiZleba iyos zogjer siyvaruli.<br />

siyvarulma ver SesZlo samxreTSi<br />

monobis aRmofxvra, verc meore msoflio<br />

omis SeCereba. is <strong>da</strong>afiqra sakuTari<br />

Tavis pacifistad warmodgenis SesaZleblobam.<br />

nicSes Sromebis gacnobisas, misi<br />

rwmena Searyia gamonaTqvamma, rom RmerTi<br />

mokv<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mians mxolod um<strong>da</strong>blesi<br />

emocia _ ga<strong>da</strong>rCenisaTvis brZola<br />

amoZraveb<strong>da</strong>. `giyvardes moyvasi Seni~<br />

SesaZloa, amarTlebdes kerZo<br />

SemTxvevebSi, magram ara erebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa jgufebs Soris urTierTobaSi.<br />

is eswrebo<strong>da</strong> seminarebs mahaTma gandis<br />

moZRvrebis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> ecnobo<strong>da</strong>, Tu<br />

rogor iyeneb<strong>da</strong> gandi socialuri<br />

cvlilebebis misaRwevad WeSmaritebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> siyvarulis Zalas. gandim <strong>da</strong>anaxa mas,<br />

rom SesaZlebeli iyo agresiis pozitiuri<br />

mimarTulebiT gar<strong>da</strong>qmna. araZaladoba<br />

borotebasTan TanamSromlobaze uaris<br />

Tqmas niSnavs. gandis istoriam kings<br />

<strong>da</strong>anaxa, Tu rogor SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong><br />

gaficvebisa <strong>da</strong> saprotesto aqciebis<br />

Catareba mowinaaRmdegis siZulvilis<br />

gareSe – RvTiuri samarTlis Rrma<br />

rwmeniT. termini satiagraha Tavis TavSi<br />

swored siyvarulisa <strong>da</strong> Zalis erTianobas<br />

moicav<strong>da</strong>. es sulac ar niSnav<strong>da</strong> borotebisaTvis<br />

winaaRmdegobis argawevas,<br />

aramed borotebis winaaRmdeg pozitiur<br />

araZaladobriv aqciebs warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

indoeTSi gandis warmateba kingisaTvis<br />

iyo stimuli <strong>da</strong> cocxali magaliTi imisa,<br />

24 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos<br />

siyvarulis Zalam radikalur socialur<br />

cvlilebebze iseT garemoSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

zangebi iseve itanjebian, <strong>rogorc</strong><br />

samxreTSi. qristianuli siyvarulis,<br />

`agapes~ meSveobiT kingma <strong>da</strong>inaxa, rom<br />

cxovrebaSi yvelaferi<br />

urTierTkavSirSia, yvela a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

erTmaneTis Zmaa <strong>da</strong> rom kacobrioba<br />

saerTo procesSia CarTuli.<br />

avtobusis ukana adgilebi,<br />

montgomeri, alabama (1955 weli)<br />

problemis aRwera<br />

qveynis Savkaniani mosaxleobisTvis<br />

avtobusi ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis ZiriTad<br />

saSualebas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. zogierTi<br />

TeTrkaniani mZRoli Seuracxyofas<br />

ayeneb<strong>da</strong> zangebs <strong>da</strong> maT `nigerebs~,<br />

`maimunebsa~ <strong>da</strong> `Sav Zroxebs~ uwodeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

zangebs ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T pirvel oTx rigSi<br />

jdomis ufleba (molod TeTrebisaTvis<br />

aseTi warwera iyo gamokruli am<br />

adgilebze). Tu avtobusSi gacilebiT<br />

meti TeTrkaniani amovido<strong>da</strong>, vidre<br />

maTTvis gaTvaliswinebuli adgili iyo,<br />

Savkanianebi un<strong>da</strong> amdgariyvnen <strong>da</strong><br />

maTTvis sakuTari adgili<br />

SeeTavazebinaT. Tu TeTrkaniani<br />

Savkanianis gverdiT <strong>da</strong>jdebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

Savkaniani un<strong>da</strong> amdgariyo. Tu avtobusSi<br />

SavkanianTaTvis gankuTvnili nawili<br />

gaivsebo<strong>da</strong>, magram TeTrkanianTa<br />

adgilebi carieli <strong>da</strong>rCebo<strong>da</strong> –<br />

Savkanianebs iq <strong>da</strong>jdomis ufleba mainc<br />

ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T. es politika qalaqis<br />

xelisuflebis brZanebiT iyo<br />

<strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli <strong>da</strong> am wesebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva<br />

patimrobiT isjebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

<strong>da</strong>sawyisi (1955 weli)<br />

mkeravis zangi asistenti, q-ni roza<br />

parksi avtobusiT saxlSi brundebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

mas SavebisTvis gankuTvnili adgili<br />

ekava. avtobusi gaivso <strong>da</strong><br />

TeTrkanianebisTvis adgili aRar <strong>da</strong>rCa,<br />

amitomac misis parks uTxres, amdgariyo<br />

<strong>da</strong> TeTrkanianisTvis adgili <strong>da</strong>eTmo,<br />

magram Savkaniani qalbatoni <strong>da</strong>Rlili iyo

<strong>da</strong> am sityvebs ar <strong>da</strong>emorCila. mZRoli<br />

mas policiaSi <strong>da</strong>rekviT <strong>da</strong>emuqra.<br />

`wadi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>reke,~ – upasuxa qalma. am<br />

incidentis gamo misis parks brali<br />

kanonis <strong>da</strong>rRvevaSi <strong>da</strong>sdes <strong>da</strong> patimroba<br />

miusajes. amis Sesaxeb satelefono<br />

zarebis saSualebiT Seityves SavkanianTa<br />

liderebma <strong>da</strong> samoqmedo gegmac <strong>da</strong>saxes.<br />

gegma<br />

40-50 RvTismsaxuri <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

lideri erTad Seikriba. maT organizeba<br />

gaukeTes qalaqis avtobusebSi Savkaniani<br />

mosaxleobis boikots, magram amave dros<br />

akrZales Zaladobrivi mogeriebis<br />

yovelgvari SesaZlebloba, radganac<br />

ramodenime Savkaniani imuqrebo<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

TeTrkanian mZRolebs Tavs gautexav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

ra mox<strong>da</strong><br />

`sandi feiferma~ (kviris gazeTi)<br />

Savkanianebi problemebis SeqmnaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>naSaula. gazeTi wer<strong>da</strong>, rom misis<br />

parksi ganzrax <strong>da</strong>sves im avtobusSi <strong>da</strong><br />

rom zangebs apirebdnen miemarTaT imave<br />

taqtikisTvis, romelsac `TeTri<br />

sabWoebi~ Savi biznesebis boikotirebisas<br />

iyenebdnen. kingi <strong>da</strong>ibna, xom ar iyo es<br />

araswori ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba? xom ar iyo<br />

boikoti araeTikuri? bevri gansjis<br />

Semdeg kingi mixv<strong>da</strong>, rom sinamdvileSi es<br />

`boikots~ ki ara, im sistemis<br />

ugulvebelyofas niSnav<strong>da</strong>, romelic maT<br />

uflebebs bRalav<strong>da</strong>. isini sulac ar<br />

isaxavdnen miznad saavtomobilo<br />

kompaniebisaTvis zianis miyenebas.<br />

kingi toros sityvebze fiqrob<strong>da</strong>:<br />

`<br />

vinc borotebas protestis<br />

gareSe iRebs,<br />

sinamdvileSi borotebasTan<br />

TanamSromlobs.<br />

Savkanianebi TanamSromlobdnen am<br />

borotebasTan.<br />

~<br />

boikotis wina RamiT kingi SiSma <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>rdma aitana – vai Tu xalxi Zalzed<br />

<strong>da</strong>Sindeba an aqciis mimarT gulgrilobas<br />

gamoavlens? isini imedovnebdnen, rom<br />

aqciaSi SavkanianTa 60% mainc miiReb<strong>da</strong><br />

monawileobas, magram ra moxdebo<strong>da</strong> maSin,<br />

Tu boikotSi naklebi xalxi CaerTvebo<strong>da</strong><br />

– maT <strong>da</strong>scinebdnen <strong>da</strong> es moZraobisTvis<br />

didi <strong>da</strong>rtyma iqnebo<strong>da</strong>? gamTeniisas is<br />

Zalzed gaakvirva im faqtma, rom<br />

Savkaniani mosaxleobis TiTqmis 100%<br />

aqciis monawile gax<strong>da</strong>!<br />

amis Semdeg araerTi Sekreba gaimarTa,<br />

romlebzec kings iwvevdnen <strong>da</strong><br />

gamosvlebs Txovdnen:<br />

Cven amerikis moqalaqeebi varT <strong>da</strong><br />

gvsurs, movipovoT moqalaqeoba<br />

am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT...<br />

Cven aq imitom SevikribeT, rom gvsurs<br />

situacia gamoswordes.... <strong>da</strong>dga dro,<br />

roca a<strong>da</strong>mianebi <strong>da</strong>iRalnen. am saRamos<br />

Cven aq imisTvis SevikribeT, raTa<br />

vuTxraT Cvens mCagvrelebs, rom<br />

Cven <strong>da</strong>viRaleT – segregaciiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mcirebiT, fexqveS gaTelviT.<br />

protestis gar<strong>da</strong> Cven sxva gza ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>gvrCenia... Cven am RamiT imisaTvis<br />

SevikribeT, raTa ga<strong>da</strong>vrCeT, <strong>da</strong>vZlioT<br />

is Tmenis unari, romelic gvaiZulebs,<br />

SeveguoT yvelafers, SeveguoT<br />

usamarTlobasa <strong>da</strong> Tavisuflebis arqonas<br />

...min<strong>da</strong> vTqva, rom nebismieri qmedebis<br />

dros Cven erTad un<strong>da</strong> vidgeT. Cven<br />

kanonisa <strong>da</strong> samarTlianobis umaRlesi<br />

principebiT un<strong>da</strong> vimoqmedoT. erTianoba<br />

dRevandelobis udidesi moTxovnaa, <strong>da</strong><br />

Tu Cven erTad vidgebiT, Cven ara<br />

mxolod sasurvelis, aramed imis<br />

miRwevasac SevZlebT, rasac<br />

samarTlianad vimsaxurebT.<br />

Tu Cven ara varT marTalni, maSin qveynis<br />

uzenaesi sasamarTloc usamarTlo<br />

yofila. Tu Cveni qmedeba arasworia,<br />

maSin aSS-s konstituciac usamarTlo<br />

yofila... Tu Cven ara varT marTalni,<br />

maSin ieso nazarevelic ubralo<br />

utopisti meocnebe yofila, romelic<br />

de<strong>da</strong>miwaze arasdros mosula.<br />

Tu Cven ara varT marTalni, maSin<br />

samarTali tyuili yofila.<br />

Cveni protesti... muqarisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Sinebis<br />

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gareSe. Cven kanonisa <strong>da</strong> samarTlianobis<br />

umaRlesi principebiT<br />

vixelmZRvanelebT... Cven qmedebebs<br />

mxolod qristianuli rwmenis yvelaze<br />

Rrma principebi gansazRvravs...<br />

giyvardeT mteri Tqveni, <strong>da</strong>loceT<br />

Tqveni mawyevrebi, <strong>da</strong> iloceT maTTvis,<br />

vinc Tqven giyenebT. Tu Cven amas ver<br />

SevZlebT, Cveni winaaRmdegoba<br />

<strong>da</strong>sruldeba, <strong>rogorc</strong> istoriis<br />

umniSvnelo drama <strong>da</strong> misi xsovna<br />

samarcxvino saburveliT <strong>da</strong>ifareba...<br />

istoriaSi <strong>da</strong>iwereba... cxovrob<strong>da</strong><br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa rasa, SavkanianTa rasa,<br />

xalxi, romelsac gaaCn<strong>da</strong> moraluri<br />

Zala, sakuTari <strong>uflebebi</strong> <strong>da</strong>ecva.<br />

<strong>da</strong> maT axali furceli Caweres istoriisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> civilizaciis labirinTebSi.<br />

intrigebi<br />

isini mersa <strong>da</strong> iuristebs Sexvdnen,<br />

romelTac ramodenime miuRebeli<br />

wina<strong>da</strong>deba SesTavazes. maTi interesi iyo<br />

mxolod erTi ramis – rasobrivi status<br />

kvos SenarCuneba. kingi mixv<strong>da</strong>, Tu<br />

ramdenad rTuli iyo privilegirebulTa<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>rwmuneba, uari eTqvaT sakuTar<br />

privilegiebze. isini un<strong>da</strong> iaZulo,<br />

ase moiqcnen. un<strong>da</strong> gaagrZelo<br />

winaaRmdegobis gaweva manam, vidre isini<br />

Tavadve ar <strong>da</strong>Tmoben. Savkanianebi<br />

ganagrZobdnen masobrivi mitingebis<br />

Catarebas, rac maT udrekobas <strong>da</strong><br />

mizan<strong>da</strong>saxulobas aZliereb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

am moZraobas zogierTi TeTrkaniani<br />

TanaugrZnob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mxars uWer<strong>da</strong>,<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> Riad, aseve farulad.<br />

erT-erT molaparakebaze meri Seeca<strong>da</strong>,<br />

moZraoba gaexliCa, xolo kingisTvis<br />

iseTi <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> iarliyi miekra, romelsac<br />

`didi ma<strong>da</strong>~ aqvs <strong>da</strong> SeTanxmebis<br />

miuRwevloba swored misTvis <strong>da</strong>ebralebina.<br />

meri Seeca<strong>da</strong>, moZraobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

liderebis siamayis grZnobaze eTamaSa.<br />

ianvarSi kingi muqaris zarebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

siZulviliT aRsavse werilebsac ki<br />

iReb<strong>da</strong>. misi meuRle <strong>da</strong> mcirewlovani<br />

Svili <strong>da</strong>Sinebulni iyvnen, magram mas<br />

26 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

brZola ar Seuwyvetia. 30 ianvris Sekrebaze<br />

man Seityo, rom misi saxli aafeTqes!<br />

garkveuli periodi mis saxls SeiaraRebuli<br />

megobrebi <strong>da</strong>rajobdnen, ris gamoc<br />

kingi Tavs uxerxulad grZnob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> male<br />

aseTi samsaxuris gawevaze uari uTxra.<br />

nebismier Zaladobas kingi mxolod<br />

RmerTis rwmeniTa <strong>da</strong> siyvarulis ZaliT<br />

upirispirdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

sasamarTlo, sajarooba<br />

<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />

martSi is <strong>da</strong>apatimres <strong>da</strong> boikotisaTvis<br />

gaasamarTles. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />

moZraobas sasamarTloSi kargi advokati<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, kingi mainc <strong>da</strong>mnaSaved<br />

cnes. man ganaCeni gaasaCivra. es saqme<br />

yvela axali ambisa <strong>da</strong> gazeTis mTavar<br />

Temad iqca. moZraobis saqmianoba Zalzed<br />

farTod gaSuq<strong>da</strong> televiziiTa <strong>da</strong> presiT.<br />

saqmem uzenaes sasamarTlosac miaRwia.<br />

1956 wlis noemberSi uzenaesma sasamarTlom<br />

gamoitana ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, romliTac,<br />

avtobusebze <strong>da</strong>wesebuli segregaciuli<br />

kanonmdebloba arakonstituciurad cnes.<br />

erTi wlis Semdeg, 1956 wlis dekemberSi<br />

TeTrkanianebsa <strong>da</strong> Savkanianebs avtobusebSi<br />

erTad jdomis ufleba hqon<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong> uflebaTa aqti<br />

(1961 weli)<br />

montgomeriSi miRweuli warmatebis<br />

Semdeg moZarobis politikuri gavlena<br />

kidev ufro gaizar<strong>da</strong>. Tumca, moZraobis<br />

wevrebs arwmunebdnen, rom jer kidev ar<br />

iyo `Sesaferisi dro~ <strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

uflebaTa aqtis kongresSi gasatanad.<br />

kingsa <strong>da</strong> prezident jon kenedis Soris<br />

situacia <strong>da</strong>iZaba, radganac kingi<br />

`moralis kiTxvis toniT saubrob<strong>da</strong>, rac<br />

miuRebeli iyo kenedisaTvis~.<br />

prezidentma ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom is ar<br />

apireb<strong>da</strong> kongresSi <strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

uflebaTa aqtis gatanas, <strong>rogorc</strong> es<br />

kings sur<strong>da</strong>, radganac es aqti<br />

kapitoliumis mimarT gavleniani<br />

samxreTelebis gaucxoebas gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> safrTxes Seuqmni<strong>da</strong> sxva aucilebel<br />

socialur kanonmdeblobas.

olbani, jorjia _<br />

warumatebloba (1961-1962 wlebi)<br />

problemis aRwera<br />

olbaniSi (jorjiis Stati) Zalian mkacri<br />

segregaciuli kanonebi moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

xalxma kings qalaqSi Casvla <strong>da</strong> maTTan<br />

saubari sTxova. zogierTi olbaniSi<br />

kingis Casvlis winaaRmdegi iyo, radganac<br />

isini adgilobrivi moZraobis adgilze<br />

gakontrolebis momxreebi iyvnen.<br />

ra gegma iyo <strong>da</strong> ra mox<strong>da</strong><br />

xalxi nebayoflobiT arRvev<strong>da</strong><br />

segregaciul kanonmdeblobas,<br />

<strong>da</strong>apatimres aseulobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani.<br />

saprotesto moZraobas kingic SeuerT<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> Can<strong>da</strong>, rom 1961 wlis dekemberisTvis<br />

maT gamarjvebisTvis un<strong>da</strong> mieRwiaT.<br />

kingma uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong> Tavdebis Tanxis<br />

sanacvlod cixi<strong>da</strong>n gamosvlaze <strong>da</strong><br />

patimrobaSi <strong>da</strong>rCa. iseTi STabeWdileba<br />

Seiqmna, TiTqos qalaqis xelisufleba<br />

mzad iyo cvlilebebis gasatareblad,<br />

magram <strong>da</strong>pirebebi <strong>da</strong>pirebad <strong>da</strong>rCa _<br />

kingi cixi<strong>da</strong>n gamovi<strong>da</strong>, magram realurad<br />

araferi Secvlila... 1962 wlis<br />

gazafxulze moZraoba kvlav Seeca<strong>da</strong>,<br />

gaaqtiurebuliyo. kingma fici <strong>da</strong>do, rom<br />

sasurveli Sedegis miRwevas<br />

araZaladobrivi kampaniis meSveobiT<br />

SeZleb<strong>da</strong>. am moZraobaSi bevri a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli, magram Sedegi<br />

kvlav ar Can<strong>da</strong>. adgilobrivi policiis<br />

ufrosi priCeti aqtivistebs Tavazianad<br />

istumreb<strong>da</strong> satusaRoSi. rodesac<br />

demonstrantebi policiis Senobis win<br />

muxlebze <strong>da</strong>Coqili loculobdnen,<br />

policiis ufrosic maTTan erTad<br />

loculob<strong>da</strong>. Tumca am movlenebis<br />

gaSuqeba Zalzed rTuli iyo.<br />

1962 wlis 20 ivliss federalurma sasamarTlom<br />

qalaqSi saprotesto aqciebis<br />

Catareba akrZala. kingi <strong>da</strong> sxva liderebi<br />

orWofobdnen. ar icodnen, ra moemoqme<strong>da</strong>T,<br />

<strong>da</strong>erRviaT sasamarTlos brZaneba (manamde<br />

federaluri sasamarTlo <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>s mimarT kargad iyo ganwyobili)<br />

Tu brZola gaegrZelebinaT. ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong>,<br />

droebiT SeCerebuliyvnen <strong>da</strong> brZanebis<br />

gauqmebisaTvis mieRwiaT.<br />

warumatebloba<br />

liderTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebam moqmedebebis<br />

gaWianurebis Sesaxeb azrTa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaoba<br />

gaamZafra <strong>da</strong> Zaladoba gaaRviva.<br />

sabolood sasamarTlos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />

gaauqmes, magram ukve Zalzed gvian iyo.<br />

kingma mogvianebiT aRiara, rom<br />

moqmedebis <strong>da</strong>yovneba Secdoma iyo, ramac<br />

mTeli Zalisxmeva xerxemalSi ga<strong>da</strong>texa.<br />

birmingemi, alabama – warmateba<br />

(Tebervali, 1963 weli)<br />

problemis aRwera<br />

es iyo siZulviliT <strong>da</strong>muxtuli <strong>da</strong><br />

rasobrivad Zalzed <strong>da</strong>pirispirebuli<br />

qalaqi. policiis ufross, `buRa~ konors,<br />

Savkaniani demonstrantebis mimarT<br />

uxeSobis demonstrirebis sulac ar<br />

eSino<strong>da</strong>.<br />

ra gegma iyo <strong>da</strong> ra mox<strong>da</strong><br />

gaimarTa mSvidobiani marSi. kingi <strong>da</strong><br />

bevri sxva aqtivisti <strong>da</strong>apatimres <strong>da</strong><br />

cixeSi Casves. swored aq <strong>da</strong>wera kingma<br />

Tavisi cnobili `werili birmingemis<br />

cixi<strong>da</strong>n~, romliTac man im sasuliero<br />

pirebs mimarTa, vinc <strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>s moTxovnas ar SeuerTdnen. es<br />

werili mTels qveyanaSi farTod<br />

gavrcel<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> klasikad iqca.<br />

mogvianebiT kingi cixi<strong>da</strong>n gamouSves,<br />

magram <strong>rogorc</strong> Can<strong>da</strong>, moZraoba sakmaod<br />

<strong>da</strong>sustebuli iyo. gaCn<strong>da</strong> axali idea _<br />

moZraobaSi moswavleebi CaebaT. bavSvebis<br />

quCaSi gasvlisaken mowodeba sakmaod<br />

rTuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba iyo, radganac<br />

oponentTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n mwvave kritikas<br />

gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong>, magram aqtivistebs ukan ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>uxeviaT.<br />

meore dRes 1000-ze meti mozardi,<br />

romelTagan zogierTi mxolod 6 wlis<br />

iyo, quCaSi gamovi<strong>da</strong>. im dRes policiam<br />

900 demonstranti <strong>da</strong>apatimra <strong>da</strong> cixeSi<br />

maT ga<strong>da</strong>sayvanad saskolo avtobusebi<br />

gamoiyena. am scenam policiis erT-erTi<br />

kapitani SeZra:<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

27

28<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003

` 10-15 wlis Semdeg, roca ukan<br />

movixe<strong>da</strong>vT <strong>da</strong> yvelafers<br />

axleburad Sevxe<strong>da</strong>vT, albaT<br />

vityviT, ra suleli SeiZleba<br />

~<br />

iyos a<strong>da</strong>miani?<br />

meore dRes moZraoba kidev ufro<br />

gaZlier<strong>da</strong>. am movlenebs Jurnalistebi<br />

farTod aSuqebdnen. policia bavSvebs<br />

wylis WavliTa <strong>da</strong> germanuli nagazebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong>. sami bavSvi mZimed iyo<br />

<strong>da</strong>kbenili. meore dRes nacionalurma<br />

gazeTebma gamoaqveynes aqciis amsaxveli<br />

fotoebi _ qveyana SeZrwunebuli iyo<br />

momx<strong>da</strong>riT. ramodenime dRis Semdeg kidev<br />

erTi demonstracia Catar<strong>da</strong>.<br />

demonstrantebi policiis kordons<br />

miuaxlovdnen, konorma policielebs<br />

ubrZana, `Slangebi CaerToT.~<br />

policielebma brZaneba ar Seasrules.<br />

xalxi<br />

`<br />

policias Seeria.<br />

ityodiT, rom demonstraciaSi<br />

RmerTis xeli eria.<br />

xalxi policiis kordonSi<br />

ise gadio<strong>da</strong>, rom maT<br />

~<br />

aravin cem<strong>da</strong>.<br />

kingma<br />

`<br />

isic ki Tqva, rom<br />

cxovrebaSi pirvelad swored<br />

aq vigrZeni araZaladobrivi<br />

moqmedebiT mogvrili<br />

~<br />

siamayis Zala.<br />

warmateba<br />

adgilobrivma mewarmeebma mTavrobisagan<br />

cvlilebebis gatareba moiTxoves <strong>da</strong><br />

sasadilo <strong>da</strong>xlebis, sapirfareSoebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sasmeli wylis Sadrevnebis segregacia<br />

SeaCeres.<br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong> uflebaTa aqtis<br />

statusi (1963 wlis ivnisi)<br />

birmingemSi mimdinare movlenebisadmi<br />

sazogadoebis udidesma mxar<strong>da</strong>Weram<br />

ganapiroba is, rom prezidentma kenedim<br />

mizanSewonilad CaTvala sazogadoebriv<br />

obieqtebze segregaciis kanonis gauqmeba.<br />

11 ivniss prezidentis mier <strong>samoqalaqo</strong><br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong>s Sesaxeb warmoTqmuli sityva<br />

mTels qveyanaSi televiziiT ga<strong>da</strong>ica:<br />

`<br />

Cven, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

moraluri sakiTxis winaSe<br />

vdgavarT. es sakiTxi iseTive<br />

Zvelia, <strong>rogorc</strong> biblia <strong>da</strong><br />

iseTive Zvirfasi, <strong>rogorc</strong><br />

amerikis konstitucia. sakiTxis<br />

arsi aris is, un<strong>da</strong> mieniWos Tu<br />

ara yvela amerikels Tanaswori<br />

<strong>uflebebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebi...<br />

vis surs Cven Soris, Seicvalos<br />

kanis feri <strong>da</strong> maT adgilze<br />

aRmoCndes? romeli Cvengani<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong> kmayofili, Tu aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi mas moTminebasa <strong>da</strong><br />

lodinisaken mouwodebdnen?<br />

me min<strong>da</strong> amerikis kongress<br />

vTxovo, Seasrulos is <strong>da</strong>pireba,<br />

romelic am saukuneSi mas<br />

bolomde ar miuyvania <strong>da</strong> romlis<br />

Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c, amerikis cxovrebasa<br />

<strong>da</strong> kanonmdeblobaSi rasobrivi<br />

~<br />

<strong>da</strong>yofis adgili ar aris.<br />

kanonproeqti kongresSi 1963 wlis<br />

19 ivniss Sevi<strong>da</strong>. qve<strong>da</strong> palataSi misi<br />

miReba uproblemod mox<strong>da</strong>, Tumca,<br />

1964 wels senatSi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis<br />

miReba Zalzed gaWianur<strong>da</strong>. SavkanianTa<br />

winaaRmdeg Zaladoba ufro masStaburi<br />

gax<strong>da</strong>, ramac senati aiZula,<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba <strong>da</strong>eCqarebina.<br />

prezidentma aqts xeli<br />

1964 wlis 2 ivliss moawera.<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

29

fridon<br />

sayvareliZe<br />

30 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

evTanazia<br />

_ mowyaleba<br />

Tu<br />

mkvleloba<br />

` ÊÀÒÂÉ áÄËÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÉÓ<br />

ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ ÃÀ<br />

ÄÒÈÀÃÄÒÈÉ ÊÀÍÏÍÉÄÒÉ ÌÉÆÀÍÉ<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓÀ ÃÀ<br />

ÁÄÃÍÉÄÒÄÁÉÓ ÃÀÝÅÀÀ<br />

~<br />

ÃÀ ÀÒÀ ÌÀÈÉ ÂÀÍÀÃÂÖÒÄÁÀ.<br />

ÈÏÌÀÓ ãÄ×ÄÒÓÏÍÉ<br />

` ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉ<br />

ÚÅÄËÀ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÀÓ<br />

ÀÂÅÀÒÄÁÓ...<br />

ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉ,<br />

ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÀ.<br />

~<br />

ÉÏÓÄÁ ÓÔÀËÉÍÉ<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÉÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÉÓ<br />

ÀÓÐÄØÔÄÁÉ<br />

ÀÓÐÄØÔÄÁÉ<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ<br />

×ÖÍÃÀÌÄÍÔÖÒÉ Ö×ËÄÁÀÀ, ÒÏÌËÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÛÄ<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÓáÅÀ Ö×ËÄÁÀ ÚÏÅÄËÂÅÀÒ<br />

ÀÆÒÓÀ ÃÀ ÃÀÓÀÁÖÈÄÁÀÓ ÃÀÊÀÒÂÀÅÃÀ.<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ áÄËÛÄÖáÄÁËÏÁÀ<br />

ÐÉÒÅÄËÀà 1215 ßÄËÓ, ÉÍÂËÉÓÉÓ ÌÄ×ÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ<br />

áÄËÌÏßÄÒÉË ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÉÓ ÃÉÀÃ<br />

ØÀÒÔÉÀÛÉ ÃÀ×ÉØÓÉÒÃÀ. ÈÖÌÝÀ ÃÙÄÓ,<br />

ÏÝÃÀÌÄÄÒÈÄ ÓÀÖÊÖÍÉÓ ÃÀÓÀßÚÉÓÛÉ, ÜÅÄÍÃÀ<br />

ÓÀÌßÖáÀÒÏÃ, ÖÍÃÀ ÅÀÙÉÀÒÏÈ, ÒÏÌ<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀÈÀ ÀÒÝ ÄÒÈ ÄÅÒÏÐÖË<br />

ÃÏÊÖÌÄÍÔÛÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÃÄÁÖËÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÒÀÍÔÉ ÉØÍÄÁÏÃÀ.<br />

ÀÌÂÅÀÒÀÃ, ÓÉÝÏÝáËÄ ÃÙÄÌÃÄ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ<br />

ÌÉÜÍÄÖËÉ ÀÁÓÏËÖÔÖÒ Ö×ËÄÁÀÃ.<br />

ÓÀÍÀÌ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÉÓ ÝÀËÊÄÖË<br />

ÀÓÐÄØÔÄÁÆÄ ÅÉÓÀÖÁÒÄÁÃÄÈ, ÓÀÓÀÒÂÄÁËÏ<br />

ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÉÌÉÓ ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÀ, ÈÖ ÒÀ

ÉÂÖËÉÓáÌÄÁÀ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀÛÉ:<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀ ÈÖ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀ? ÀÍ ÉØÍÄÁ<br />

ÏÒÉÅÄ ÄÒÈÀÃ?<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀÝ ÓáÅÀÂÅÀÒÀÃ<br />

ÐÏÆÉÔÉÖÒ Ö×ËÄÁÄÁÓÀÝ ÖßÏÃÄÁÄÍ,<br />

ÂÖËÉÓáÌÏÁÓ áÄËÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÉÓ ÀØÔÉÖÒ<br />

ÌÏÅÀËÄÏÁÄÁÓ ÈÉÈÏÄÖËÉ ÜÅÄÍÂÀÍÉÓ<br />

ÌÉÌÀÒÈ. ÌÀÂÀËÉÈÀÃ, ÂÀÍÀÈËÄÁÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ<br />

áÄËÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀÓ ÉÌ ÓÊÏËÄÁÉÓ ÛÄØÌÍÀÓ<br />

ÀÅÀËÃÄÁÖËÄÁÓ, ÒÏÌÄËÛÉÝ ÚÅÄËÀ ÁÀÅÛÅÓ<br />

ÛÄÄÞËÄÁÀ ÓßÀÅËÀ. ÆÖÓÔÀà ÀÓÄÅÄ,<br />

ÓÀÌÀÒÈËÉÀÍÉ ÓÀÓÀÌÀÒÈËÏ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀ áÄËÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀÓ ÀÊÉÓÒÄÁÓ<br />

ÓÀÓÀÌÀÒÈËÏ ÃÀßÄÓÄÁÖËÄÁÄÁÉÓ ØÓÄËÉÓ<br />

ÛÄØÌÍÉÓ ÌÏÅÀËÄÏÁÀÓ, ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ ÛÄÖÞËÉÀ,<br />

ÌÉÌÀÒÈÏÓ ÈÉÈÏÄÖËÌÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÌÀ ÌÉÓÈÅÉÓ<br />

ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍ ÓÀÊÉÈáÈÀ ÂÀÃÀÓÀßÚÅÄÔÀÃ.<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ, ÀÌ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ<br />

ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ, ÈÉÈØÏÓ ÖÍÃÀ<br />

ÍÉÛÍÀÅÃÄÓ ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×ÏÓ ÌÏÅÀËÄÏÁÀÓ,<br />

ÌÀÜÖØÏÓ ÖÊÅÃÀÅÄÁÀ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÄÓÄÝ ÒÏÌ<br />

ÌÏÀáÄÒáÏÓ, ÈÅÉÈÌÊÅËÄËÏÁÀÓ áÏÌ ÅÄÒ<br />

ÀÌÉÊÒÞÀËÀÅÓ? ÓÉÍÀÌÃÅÉËÄÛÉ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÉÓ ÀÌÂÅÀÒÉ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ ÉÌÀÓ ÂÖËÉÓáÌÏÁÓ,<br />

ÒÏÌ ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×Ï ÅÀËÃÄÁÖËÉÀ,<br />

ÃÀÌÄáÌÀÒÏÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ ÛÄÍÀÒÜÖÍÄÁÀÛÉ.<br />

ÆÏÂÓ ÌÉÀÜÍÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÄÓ ÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ<br />

ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×ÏÓ ÅÀËÃÄÁÖËÄÁÀÓ – ÚÏÅÄËÉ<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉ ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖËÉ ÌÉÍÉÌÖÌÉÈ<br />

ÖÆÒÖÍÅÄËÚÏÓ, ÈÏÒÄÌ ÈÖ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÌÀ<br />

ÀÒÓÄÁÏÁÀ ÅÄÒ ÛÄÓÞËÏ ÃÀ ÛÉÌÛÉËÉÈ ÃÀËÉÀ<br />

ÓÖËÉ, ÒÀÙÀ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀÆÄÀ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÉ.<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ ÉÌÀÓÀÝ ÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ, ÒÏÌ<br />

ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×ÏÌ ÖÍÃÀ ÛÄÌÉØÌÍÀÓ ÝáÏÅÒÄÁÉÓ<br />

ÖÓÀ×ÒÈáÏ ÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÉ, ÒÀÈÀ ÀÒÝ ÓÀáËÛÉ<br />

ÛÄÌÏÌÉÅÀÒÃÄÓ ÁÀÍÃÉÔÉ ÃÀ ÀÒÝ ØÖÜÀÛÉ<br />

ÂÀÌÏÓÅËÉÓ ÌÄÛÉÍÏÃÄÓ. ÀÌÂÅÀÒÀÃ, ÂÀÌÏÃÉÓ,<br />

ÒÏÌ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÄ ÓßÏÒÄÃÀÝ ÒÏÌ<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ ÚÏ×ÉËÀ.<br />

ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ ÍÄÂÀÔÉÖÒ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÄÁÓÀÝ ÖßÏÃÄÁÄÍ, ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×ÏÓ<br />

ÐÀÓÉÖÒÏÁÀÓ ÂÖËÉÓáÌÏÁÓ. ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÅÀÌÁÏÁÈ,<br />

ÒÏÌ ÌÄ ÌÀØÅÓ ÒÏÌÄËÉÌÄ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀ,<br />

ÄÓ ÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ, ÒÏÌ ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×ÏÓ ÀÒÀ ÀØÅÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀ, ÖáÄÛÀà ÒÏÌ ÅÈØÅÀÈ, ÝáÅÉÒÉ<br />

ÜÀÚÏÓ ÜÄÌÓ ÓÀØÌÄÄÁÛÉ. ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÀÍ ÓÉÍÃÉÓÉÓ<br />

ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀ ÖÊÒÞÀËÀÅÓ áÄËÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀÓ<br />

ÀÌ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÛÉ ÜÀÒÄÅÀÓ. ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÉÓ ÀÌÂÅÀÒÉ ÂÀÂÄÁÀ ÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ, ÒÏÌ<br />

ÜÄÌÉ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÄ ÜÄÌÓ áÄËÛÉÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÓÉ<br />

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ÃÀÍÀÒÜÄÍÉ ÊÉ ÜÄÌÉ ÓÀÆÒÖÍÀÅÉÀ. ÀÌÂÅÀÒÀÃ,<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÄ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀÝ ÚÏ×ÉËÀ.<br />

ÓÀÌßÖáÀÒÏÀ, ÒÏÌ ÐÏÆÉÔÉÖÒÉ ÃÀ<br />

ÍÄÂÀÔÉÖÒÉ Ö×ËÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÃÀÚÏ×À ÄÍÏÁÒÉÅÀÃ<br />

ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ÆÖÓÔÀÃ ÅÄÒ ÂÀÃÌÏÉÝÄÌÀ.<br />

ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀÆÄ ÅÓÀÖÁÒÏÁÈ,<br />

ÒÀ ÈØÌÀ ÖÍÃÀ, ÜÅÄÍÓ ÂÏÍÄÁÀÛÉ, ÐÉÒÅÄË<br />

ÒÉÂÛÉ, ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉÈ ÃÀÓãÀ ÀÌÏÔÉÅÔÉÅÃÄÁÀ<br />

áÏËÌÄ ÃÀ ÄÓ ÂÀÓÀÂÄÁÉÝÀÀ. ÌÀÂÒÀÌ<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ ÁÄÅÒ ÓáÅÀ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄ-<br />

ËÏÅÀÍ ÀÓÐÄØÔÓÀÝ ÌÏÉÝÀÅÓ. ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓÀÀ<br />

ÀÖÝÉËÄÁÄËÉ ÈÀÅÃÀÝÅÉÓ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÀ.<br />

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ÌÀØÅÓ ÈÖ ÀÒÀ Ö×ËÄÁÀ,<br />

ÈÀÅÃÀÝÅÉÓ ÌÉÆÍÉÈ ÌÏÅÊËÀ<br />

ÈÀÅÃÀÌÓáÌÄËÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÈÀÅÀÃ<br />

ÌÉÐÉÒÄÁÓ ÌÏÊÅËÀÓ, ÀÍ ÊÉÃÄÅ<br />

ÌÀØÅÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ ÌÏÅÊËÀ ØÖÒÃÉ,<br />

ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ ÜÄÌÉ ØÏÍÄÁÀ áÄËÚÏ ÃÀ<br />

ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ßÀÌÛÉ ÖÀáËÏÄÓ<br />

ÌÏÓÀáÅÄÅÓ ÌÉÄÌÀËÄÁÀ?<br />

ÓáÅÀ ÀÒÀÍÀÊËÄÁ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ<br />

ÓÀÊÉÈáÉÀ ÏÌÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ<br />

ßÄÓÉ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÉßÚÄÁÀ, ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ<br />

ÐÏËÉÔÉÊÏÓÄÁÉ ÄÒÈÌÀÍÄÈÛÉ ÅÄÒ<br />

ÒÉÂÃÄÁÉÀÍ. ÀØÅÓ ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×ÏÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀ, ÂÀÌÂÆÀÅÍÏÓ ÌÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ<br />

ÃÀßÚÄÁÖË ÏÌÛÉ ÃÀ ÌÏÌÀÍÉàÏÓ<br />

ÓáÅÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÌÏÊÅËÉÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀ?<br />

ÀÍ ÖÍÃÀ ÌÏÅÀÊÅËÄÅÉÍÏ ÈÖ ÀÒÀ ÌÄ<br />

ÈÀÅÉ ÌáÏËÏà ÉÌÉÔÏÌ, ÒÏÌ<br />

ÐÏËÉÔÉÊÏÓÄÁÌÀ ßÀÉÜáÖÁÄÓ?<br />

ÈÉÈÏÄÖËÉ ÄÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÉ ÀÒÀÄÒÈÉ ÌßÅÀÅÄ<br />

ÃÉÓÊÖÓÉÉÓ ÓÀÂÀÍÉ ÂÀÌáÃÀÒÀ ÃÀ ÊÅËÀÅÀÝ<br />

ÀÓÄ ÉØÍÄÁÀ. ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÞÀËÆÄÃ<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

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Tavisufleba<br />

31

ÓÄÒÉÏÆÖËÉ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÄÁÉ ÌÀÛÉÍ ÉÜÄÍÓ ÈÀÅÓ,<br />

ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÓÀØÌÄ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ ÃÀÓÀßÚÉÓÈÀÍ<br />

ÃÀ ÌÉÓ ÃÀÓÀÓÒÖËÈÀÍ ÂÅÀØÅÓ. ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ<br />

ÀÁÏÒÔÄÁÉÓ ÐÒÏÁËÄÌÀÓ ÄáÄÁÀ, ÌÄÏÒÄ ÊÉ –<br />

ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀÓ. ÌÊÉÈáÅÄËÉÓ ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÉÓ<br />

ÌÉÐÚÒÏÁÀ ÀÌãÄÒÀà ÓßÏÒÄà ÀÌ<br />

ÖÊÀÍÀÓÊÍÄËÆÄ ÂÅÓÖÒÓ.<br />

ÒÀ ÒÀ ÀÒÉÓ ÀÒÉÓ ÃÀ<br />

ÃÀ<br />

ÒÀ ÒÀ ÀÒ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÀÒÉÓ ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀ?<br />

ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀ?<br />

ÌÉÖáÄÃÀÅÀà ÉÌÉÓÀ, ÒÏÌ ÌÄÃÉÝÉÍÀÌ<br />

ÀÒÍÀáÖË ßÀÒÌÀÔÄÁÄÁÓ ÌÉÀÙßÉÀ, ÄØÉÌÄÁÉ<br />

ÙÌÄÒÈÄÁÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÀÍ. ÆÏÂÉÄÒÈÉ ÐÀÝÉÄÍÔÉ<br />

ÂÀÍßÉÒÖËÉÀ. ÒÏÂÏÒ ÖÍÃÀ ÌÏÉØÝÄÓ ÄØÉÌÉ<br />

ÀÓÄÈÉ ÀÅÀÃÌÚÏ×ÉÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈ? ÅÀËÃÄÁÖËÉÀ<br />

ÈÖ ÀÒÀ ÉÓ, ÁÏËÏÌÃÄ ÉÁÒÞÏËÏÓ<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ ÛÄÍÀÒÜÖÍÄÁÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ<br />

ÃÀ ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍ ÂÀÀáÀÍÂÒÞËÉÅÏÓ ÌÉÓÉ ÔÀÍãÅÀ,<br />

ÈÖ ÄØÉÌÓ ÀØÅÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ, ÂÀÀÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÏÓ<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉ ÔÀÍãÅÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÃÀ ÌÀÓ “ÔÊÁÉËÉ<br />

ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉ” ÀÜÖØÏÓ?<br />

ÔÄÒÌÉÍÉ ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀ (ÁÄÒÞÍÖËÉÃÀÍ:<br />

“eu” – ÊÀÒÂÀÃ ÃÀ “tha’natos” – ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉ)<br />

ÐÉÒÅÄËÀà 70-ÉÀÍÉ ßËÄÁÉÓ ÃÀÓÀßÚÉÓÛÉ,<br />

äÏËÀÍÃÉÀÛÉ ÂÀÜÍÃÀ. ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀ ÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ<br />

ÀÅÀÃÌÚÏ×ÉÓ ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉÓ ÃÀÜØÀÒÄÁÀÓ, ÀÍÖ<br />

ÌÉÓ ÌÏÊÅÃÉÍÄÁÀÓ, ÌÉÓÉÅÄ ÈáÏÅÍÉÈ,<br />

ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖËÉ ØÌÄÃÄÁÄÁÉÈ ÀÍ ÖÌÏØÌÄÃÏÁÉÈ,<br />

ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ ÛÄÍÀÒÜÖÍÄÁÉÓ<br />

áÄËÏÅÍÖÒÉ ÆÏÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄßÚÅÄÔÉÈ.<br />

ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÉÓ ÓÀÌ ÓÀáÄÓ ÀÒÜÄÅÄÍ:<br />

1. ÀØÔÉÖÒÉ ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀ – ÓßÒÀ×É<br />

ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉÓ ÂÀÌÏßÅÄÅÉÓ ÌÉÆÍÉÈ,<br />

ÐÀÝÉÄÍÔÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ<br />

ÐÒÄÐÀÒÀÔÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÚÅÀÍÀ ÀÍ ÓáÅÀ ØÌÄÃÄÁÀ.<br />

2. ÐÀÓÉÖÒÉ ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀ – ÓßÒÀ×É<br />

ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉÓ ÂÀÌÏßÅÄÅÉÓ ÌÉÆÍÉÈ,<br />

ÄØÉÌÄÁÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ ÃÀÌáÌÀÒÄ ÈÄÒÀÐÉÉÓ<br />

ÆÏÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄßÚÅÄÔÀ.<br />

32 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

3. ÈÅÉÈÌÊÅËÄËÏÁÀ ÄØÉÌÉÓ ÃÀáÌÀÒÄÁÉÈ<br />

(assisted suicide) – ÀÅÀÃÌÚÏ×ÉÓÅÄ<br />

ÈáÏÅÍÉÈ, ÌÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ<br />

ÌÏÌÓßÒÀ×ÅÄËÉ ÐÒÄÐÀÒÀÔÄÁÉÓ, ÀÍ<br />

ÌÀÈ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÉÍ×ÏÒÌÀÝÉÉÓ ÂÀÃÀÝÄÌÀ.<br />

ÀÒ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÓÀÖÁÀÒÉ ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀÆÄ,<br />

ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÛÄÂÍÄÁÖËÉ<br />

ØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÀÍ ÖÌÏØÌÄÃÏÁÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÉ.<br />

ÀÌÂÅÀÒÀÃ, ÆÏÂÉÄÒÈÉ ÓÀÌÄÃÉÝÉÍÏ ØÌÄÃÄÁÀ,<br />

ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ áÛÉÒÀà äÂÀÅÓ ÐÀÓÉÖÒ ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀÓ,<br />

ÀÒ ÂÀÍÄÊÖÈÅÍÄÁÀ ÀÌ ÖÊÀÍÀÓÊÍÄËÓ, ÅÉÍÀÉÃÀÍ<br />

ÌÉÓÉ ÌÉÆÀÍÉ ÀÅÀÃÌÚÏ×ÉÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ<br />

ÌÏÓßÒÀ×ÄÁÀ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ: ÀÓÄ ÌÀÂÀËÉÈÀÃ,<br />

ÒÄÀÍÉÌÀÝÉÖËÉ ÙÏÍÉÓÞÉÄÁÉÓ ÀÒÜÀÔÀÒÄÁÀ,<br />

ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÝáÀÃÉÀ ÌÉÓÉ ÀÒÀÄ×ÄØÔÖÒÏÁÀ; ÀÍ<br />

ÀÆÒÉÓ ÃÀÊÀÒÂÅÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ,<br />

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ÂÀÅÒÝÄËÄÁÖËÉ ÓÀÄØÉÌÏ ÐÒÀØÔÉÊÀÀ.<br />

ÉÓÉÝ ÖÍÃÀ ÀÙÅÍÉÛÍÏÈ, ÒÏÌ ÀÌ ßÄÒÉËÉÓ<br />

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ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÀÅÀÃÌÚÏ×É ÖÀÒÓ ÀÌÁÏÁÓ<br />

ÌÊÖÒÍÀËÏÁÀÆÄ. ÜÅÄÍÉ ÙÒÌÀ ÒßÌÄÍÉÈ,<br />

ÈÉÈÏÄÖË ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÓ ÈÀÅÀÃ ÀØÅÓ ÓÀÊÖÈÀÒÉ<br />

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ÀÒÜÄÅÀÍÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀÀ. ÓßÏÒÄà ÀÌÉÔÏÌ,<br />

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ÃÀáÌÀÒÄÁÉÈ áÃÄÁÀ.

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ÉÖÒÉÃÉÖËÉ ÈÖ ÄÈÉÊÖÒÉ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ<br />

ÓÀÊÉÈáÉÀ. ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉÀ<br />

ÐÒÉÍÝÉÐÖËÉ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ÊÏÍ×ËÉØÔÄÁÈÀÍ. ÀÌ<br />

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ÓÉÝÏÝáËÄÓ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ×ÀÓÄÖËÏÁÀÓÀ ÃÀ<br />

ÌÄÏÒÄÓ ÌáÒÉÅ, ÈÉÈÏÄÖËÉ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ, ÀÅÔÏÍÏÌÉÖÒÀà ÌÉÉÙÏÓ<br />

ÂÀÃÀßÚÅÄÔÉËÄÁÀ ÓÀÊÖÈÀÒÉ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ<br />

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ÌÓÏ×ËÉÏ ÌÓÏ×ËÉÏ ØÅÄÚÍÄÁÉÓ<br />

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ÂÀÌÏÝÃÉËÄÁÀ ÂÀÌÏÝÃÉËÄÁÀ ÃÀ ÃÀ ÐÒÀØÔÉÊÀ<br />

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ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÉÓ ÐÒÀØÔÉÊÀ ÆÏÂ ØÅÄÚÀÍÀÛÉ<br />

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ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÛÉ ÃÀáÌÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÂÀßÄÅÀ ÀáÀËÉ<br />

ÌÏÅËÄÍÀÀ. ÒÀÌÃÄÍÀÃ ÃÀÓÀÛÅÄÁÉÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ<br />

ÜÀÒÄÅÀ ÓáÅÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÓÉÊÅÃÉË-<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÃÀßÚÅÄÔÀÛÉ?<br />

äÏËÀÍÃÉÀÛÉ, ÌÀÂÀËÉÈÀÃ, ÀÌ ÊÉÈáÅÀÓ<br />

ÃÀÃÄÁÉÈÀà ÐÀÓÖáÏÁÄÍ. ÃÉÀá, ÄØÉÌÓ<br />

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ÒÏÌ ÀÅÀÃÌÚÏ×ÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÔÊÉÅÉËÉÓ ÌÏáÓÍÀ,<br />

ÀÍ ÖÊÉÃÖÒÄÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ, ÌÉÓÉ<br />

ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ ÛÄÌÓÖÁÖØÄÁÀ ÓÒÖËÉÀÃ<br />

ÛÄÓÀÞËÄÁÄËÉÀ ÃÀ ÈÖ ÄÓ ÀÒ áÃÄÁÀ,<br />

ÀÅÀÃÌÚÏ×Ó ÐÉÒÅÄË ÚÏÅËÉÓÀ ÄØÉÌÉ<br />

ÖÍÃÀ ÛÄÄÝÅÀËÏÓ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÀÒÀ ÉÌ ÄØÉÌÉÈ,<br />

ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÀÓ ÌÏÊËÀÅÓ ÃÀ ÔÊÉÅÉËÉÓÀÂÀÍ<br />

ÂÀÀÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÓ, ÀÒÀÌÄà ÉÌÉÈ,<br />

ÒÏÌÄËÌÀÝ ÉÝÉÓ ÔÊÉÅÉËÉÓ ÌÀÒÈÅÀ<br />

ÃÀ ÄÌÏÝÉÖÒÀÃ ÂÀÔÀÍãÖËÉ ÃÀ<br />

ÃÄÐÒÄÓÉÀÛÉ ÌÚÏ×É ÀÅÀÃÌÚÏ×ÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ<br />

ÈÀÍÀÂÒÞÍÏÁÉÓ ÂÀßÄÅÀ.<br />

ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÉÓ ÌÏÌáÒÄÄÁÉ ÀÝáÀÃÄÁÄÍ, ÒÏÌ<br />

ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÉÓ ÊÀÍÏÍÉÈ ÀÊÒÞÀËÅÀ ×ÀØÔÏÁ-<br />

ÒÉÅÀà ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÔÀÍãÅÉÓ ÍÄÁÀÒÈÅÀÀ ÃÀ<br />

ÓáÅÀ ÀÒÀ×ÄÒÉ. ÀÌ ËÏÂÉÊÀÓ ÒÏÌ ÌÉÅÚÅÄÈ,<br />

ÂÀÌÏÃÉÓ, ÒÏÌ ÈÖ áÄËÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀ ÊÒÞÀËÀÅÓ<br />

ÃÀÁÉÍÞÖÒÄÁÖËÉ ÐÒÏÃÖØÔÉÈ ÅÀàÒÏÁÀÓ,<br />

ÄÓ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÄÁÉÓ ÛÉÌÛÉËÉÈ ÃÀáÏÝÅÉÓ<br />

ÓÖÒÅÉËÉÈÀÀ ÍÀÊÀÒÍÀáÄÅÉ.<br />

áÄËÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀÓ ÀÒ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ äØÏÍÃÄÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀ, ÞÀËÀÖ×ËÄÁÀ ÌÉÓÝÄÓ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÈÀ<br />

ÄÒÈ ãÂÖ×Ó (ÀÌ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÄØÉÌÄÁÓ)<br />

ÌÄÏÒÄ ãÂÖ×ÉÓ (ÐÀÝÉÄÍÔÄÁÉÓ) ÌÏÓÀÊËÀÅÀÃ;<br />

ÀÌÉÔÏÌ<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

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37

ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÉÓÀÃÌÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀÛÉ,<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÄ ÓßÏÒÄÃÀÝ ÒÏÌ<br />

ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀÀ,<br />

ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÈÀÅÀà ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×Ï ÀÒ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ<br />

ÌÊÅËÄËÉ, ÄÓÄ ÉÂÉ ÀÒ ÖÍÃÀ ÃÀÍÉÛÍÏÓ<br />

ÊÀÍÏÍÉÈ ËÄÂÀËÉÆÄÁÖËÉ ãÀËÀÈÉ ÄØÉÌÉÓ<br />

ÓÀáÉÈ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÐÀÝÉÄÍÔÉÓ ÓÉÓáËÛÉ<br />

ÒÏÌÄËÉÌÄ ÐÒÄÐÀÒÀÔÉÓ ÓÀÓÉÊÅÃÉËÏ ÃÏÆÀÓ<br />

ÛÄÉÚÅÀÍÓ, ÈÖÍÃÀÝ ÌÉÓÉ ÈÀÍáÌÏÁÉÈ,<br />

ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÈÀÍáÌÏÁÀ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ<br />

ÓÀÊÌÀÒÉÓÉ ÀÒÂÖÌÄÍÔÉ ÌÉÓÉ ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉÈ<br />

ÃÀÓÀÓãÄËÀÃ. ÀÌÂÅÀÒÀÃ, ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÉÓ<br />

ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ËÄÂÀËÉÆÄÁÀ<br />

ÃÀÍÀÛÀÖËÉÀ.<br />

ÌÏßÚÀËÄÁÉÓ ÚÀËÁ ÓÀÁÖÒÅÄËÛÉ ÂÀáÅÄÖËÉ<br />

ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀ ÀÒÉÓ ÀÒÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀ,<br />

ÈÀÅÀÃ ÂÀÀÊÄÈÏÓ ÀÒÜÄÅÀÍÉ ÓÉÊÅÃÉË-<br />

ÓÉÝÏÝáËÄÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ, ÀÍÖ ÌÉÓÉ ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÉÓ<br />

Ö×ËÄÁÀ, ÀÒÀÌÄà ÉÓ ÌÊÅËÄËÏÁÉÓ Ö×ËÄÁÀÀ.<br />

ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉÓ ÓÉÝÏÝáËÉÓ ÌÏÓßÒÀ×ÄÁÀ<br />

“ÊÄÈÉËÛÏÁÉËÖÒÉ” ÌÉÆÍÄÁÉÈ<br />

(ÀÒÀÅÉÈÀÒÉ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀ ÀÒÀ ÀØÅÓ, ÈÖ ÒÀ<br />

ÊÄÈÉËáÌÏÅÀÍ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓ ÌÏÅÉáÌÏÁÈ ÀÌ<br />

ØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÀÙßÄÒÉÓÀÓ: “ÔÊÁÉË ÓÉÊÅÃÉËÓ”<br />

ÈÖ “ÔÀÍãÅÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÂÀÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÄÁÀÓ”)<br />

×ÀÒÉÓÄÅËÏÁÀÀ ÃÀ ÝÉÍÉÆÌÉ – ÀÓÄÈÉÀ<br />

ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÉÓ ÌÏßÉÍÀÀÙÌÃÄÂÄÈÀ ÅÄÒÃÉØÔÉ.<br />

jalaTi sansoni<br />

38 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

ÁÏËÏÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÁÏËÏÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÁÏËÏÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÍÀÝÅËÀÃ<br />

ÍÀÝÅËÀÃ<br />

ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓÀ×ÒÀÍÂÄÈÛÉ, ÉÀÊÏÁÉÍÖÒÉ<br />

ÔÄÒÏÒÉÓ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÛÉ, ÐÀÒÉÆÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ<br />

ãÀËÀÈÉ ÛÀÒË-ÀÍÒÉ ÓÀÍÓÏÍÉ ÂÉËÉÏÔÉÍÉÓ<br />

ÊÉÁÄÆÄ ÀÓÖË ØÀËÁÀÔÏÍÄÁÓ ÂÀËÀÍÔÖÒÀÃ<br />

ÖßÅÃÉÃÀ áÄËÓ, ÒÉÈÀÝ ÓÀÊÖÈÀÒ<br />

ÊÄÈÉËÛÏÁÉËÄÁÀÓ ÃÀ ÊÀÒÂÉ ÀÙÆÒÃÉÓ<br />

ÌÀÍÄÒÄÁÓ ÖÓÅÀÌÃÀ áÀÆÓ, ÛÄÌÃÂÏÌÛÉ ÊÉ<br />

ÓÀÊÌÀÏà ÌÏáÄÒáÄÁÖËÀà ÅÀàÒÏÁÃÀ<br />

ÌÀÒÉÀ ÀÍÔÖÀÍÄÔÀÓ ÈÌÉÓ ÊÖËÖËÄÁÉÈ ÈÖ<br />

ËÖÃÏÅÉÊÏ XVI-ÉÓ ÊÀÌÆÏËÉÓ ÍÀàÒÄÁÉÈ.<br />

ÀÓÄÈÉÅÄ ÌÏßÚÀËÄÁÀÀ ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÀÝ.<br />

ÈÀÍÀÂÒÞÍÏÁÀ ÃÀ ÙÒÌÀ ÓÉÌÐÀÈÉÀ ÌÀÈ<br />

ÌÉÌÀÒÈ, ÅÉÍÝ ÉÔÀÍãÄÁÀ – ÀÉ, àÄÛÌÀÒÉÔÉ<br />

ÌÏßÚÀËÄÁÀ – ÈÅËÉÀÍ ÄÅÈÀÍÀÆÉÉÓ<br />

ÌÏßÉÍÀÀÙÌÃÄÂÄÍÉ.<br />

ÌÄÝ ÀÓÄ Å×ÉØÒÏÁ...

sasjeli<br />

<strong>da</strong><br />

sinanuli<br />

ganiRviZe, rimelsa-ege gZinavs,<br />

<strong>da</strong> aRdeg mkvdreTiT, <strong>da</strong><br />

ganganaTlos Sen qristeman.<br />

efes. 5:14<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

nugzar<br />

papuaSvili<br />

pirovnebis keTilSobileba <strong>da</strong> sulgrZeleba, sxvaTa<br />

Soris, tyveTa <strong>da</strong> patimarTa mimarT lmobierebaSi<br />

vlindeba. koleqtivi, sazogadoeba <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo<br />

humanuria, Tuki <strong>da</strong>marcxebulTa, <strong>da</strong>tyvevebulTa <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>sjilTa Sebralebis, Tanalmobis (Tanatkivilis)<br />

unars amJRavnebs. sibraluli a<strong>da</strong>mianobis ara<br />

marto niSani, aramed sazomicaa, _ zneobis<br />

maCvenebeli.<br />

saRvTo werili mTlianad <strong>da</strong>, miT umetes, ieso<br />

qristes bageTagan Tqmuli sityvebi ucxoTa<br />

Sewynarebis, codvaTa mitevebis <strong>da</strong> msjavrdebulTa<br />

Sebralebis suliskveTebiTaa gamsWvaluli.<br />

Sebralebas <strong>da</strong> Tanalmobas, am erTob a<strong>da</strong>mianur<br />

Tvisebebs, Rrma anTropologiuri safuZveli aqvs.<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

39

xiluli samyaros bina<strong>da</strong>rTa Soris<br />

RvTis mcnebebi anu, rac igivea,<br />

wesrigi <strong>da</strong> wesiereba pirvelad<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa winaprebma _ a<strong>da</strong>mma <strong>da</strong> evam<br />

_ <strong>da</strong>arRvies. am aqts Teologiis<br />

enaze pirvelcodva ewodeba. misi<br />

masStabi <strong>da</strong> Sinaarsi globaluri,<br />

yovlismomcveli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. man<br />

myisierad, erTbaSad <strong>da</strong> Tvisobrivad<br />

Secvala kacis sxeulic <strong>da</strong> xasiaTic.<br />

<strong>da</strong>irRva gvamisa <strong>da</strong> sulis simrTele.<br />

codva ga<strong>da</strong>ego garemomcvel<br />

samyaros, sulier <strong>da</strong> usulo sagnebs,<br />

cxovelebs <strong>da</strong> mcenareebs, mTels<br />

materialur sivrces, romelic<br />

gauxeS<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>, <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong> msgavsad,<br />

xrwnisa <strong>da</strong> sikvdilis gar<strong>da</strong>uval<br />

kanons <strong>da</strong>eqvemdebara. swored<br />

pirveli a<strong>da</strong>miania imis mizezi, rom<br />

wuTisofelSi yoveli <strong>da</strong>badebuli,<br />

pavle mociqulis sityvis Tanaxmad,<br />

Tanaelmis <strong>da</strong> Tanakvnesis<br />

moaqamomde (rom. 8:23). „yoveli<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebulis“ qveS pirvel rigSi Cven,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>misa <strong>da</strong> evas genetikuri<br />

STamomavlebi, vigulisxmebiT <strong>da</strong><br />

de<strong>da</strong>miwaze ar arsebobs Zexorcieli,<br />

Tavisufali rom iyos pirvelcodvis<br />

Sedegisagan. esaa tvirTi, riTac<br />

ibadeba a<strong>da</strong>miani. Tavad „tvirTi“ ki<br />

sxva araferia, Tu ara codva <strong>da</strong><br />

midrekileba codvisaken _<br />

qurdobisaken, mruSobisaken,<br />

mkvlelobisaken... imis gamo, rom<br />

pirvelcodva Taobi<strong>da</strong>n Taobas<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>ecema, a<strong>da</strong>miani susti nebisyofis<br />

arsebad ibadeba <strong>da</strong> aseTad rCeba. ase<br />

gagrZeldeba manam, vidre iarsebebs<br />

wuTisofeli, romelic, erTi cnobili<br />

mwerlis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,<br />

„arc ise cudia, <strong>rogorc</strong> amboben, <strong>da</strong><br />

arc ise kargi, <strong>rogorc</strong> hgoniaT“.<br />

marTalia, pirvelcodvis Sedegad<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani codvis Svili gax<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />

RvTis Svilobis pativi <strong>da</strong> Rirseba ar<br />

40 Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba 19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

<strong>da</strong>ukargavs. mas SerCa RvTis xateba<br />

<strong>da</strong> msgavseba: a<strong>da</strong>miani kvlavac<br />

gonieri arsebaa. mas aqvs codvisaken<br />

midrekileba, magram misi Zlevisa <strong>da</strong><br />

masze batonobis unaric Seswevs<br />

(Sdr. <strong>da</strong>b. 4:7). es unari aris is<br />

elenenti, rac a<strong>da</strong>mians cxovelisagan<br />

ganasxvavebs <strong>da</strong> rac mas,<br />

cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />

pasuxismgebel pirovnebad qmnis. misi<br />

nebismieri qmedeba aris gansjadi <strong>da</strong><br />

moelis msjavrs amqveyna<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong><br />

imqveyna<strong>da</strong>c, kacTaganac <strong>da</strong><br />

RvTisaganac.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mians ara marto <strong>da</strong>naSaulisagan<br />

Tavis Sekavebis, masze batonobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

codvaSi fexis arCadgmis unari aqvs<br />

(rasac yovelTvis ver iyenebs),<br />

aramed Cadenili <strong>da</strong>naSaulis<br />

gamosworeba, sasjelis mox<strong>da</strong>, codvis<br />

morevi<strong>da</strong>n amosvla, nebisyofis<br />

ganmtkicebac ZaluZs. esaa procesi,<br />

romelsac SesaZlebelia zneobrivi<br />

mkurnaloba vuwodoT. igi metad<br />

mZime <strong>da</strong> rTuli proceduraa.<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> nebismieri mZime <strong>da</strong> rTuli<br />

winaRobis ga<strong>da</strong>salaxad kacs kacis<br />

<strong>da</strong>xmareba sWirdeba, aseve (<strong>da</strong> miT<br />

umetes) sWirdeba Tanadgoma<br />

codvils, raTa gaacnobieros, rom<br />

ava<strong>da</strong>a zneobrivi avadmyofobiT.<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis gacnobiereba aris<br />

sasjeli, TviTsasjeli, <strong>da</strong><br />

sasamarTlo valmoxdilia, Tuki misi<br />

msjavri msjavrdebuls gamosworebis<br />

survils aRuZravs.<br />

sulierebis doneze am process<br />

sinanuli ewodeba. misi berZnuli<br />

Sesatyvisia „metanoia“, rac gonebis<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>qmnas, ganwmen<strong>da</strong>s, ganaxlebas<br />

<strong>da</strong>, amdenad, znis, xasiaTis<br />

gamokeTebas, pirovnebis<br />

gaumjobesebas niSnavs. <strong>da</strong>axloebiT

amave Sinaarsisaa laTinuri zmna<br />

„poeniteo“ (me vinanieb). masTan<br />

etimologiur kavSirSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

sityva `poena~, rac niSnavs sasjels.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n warmodgeba sasjelaRsrulebis<br />

samsaxurTa zogadi saxeli _<br />

penitencialuri sistema.<br />

sinanuli, Cveulebriv, <strong>da</strong>rdTan,<br />

sev<strong>da</strong>sTan, gulSemusrvasa <strong>da</strong><br />

cremlebTan asocirdeba. asecaa:<br />

kacma, romelmac sakuTari <strong>da</strong>naSauli<br />

Seigno, mxiarul xasiaTze ver<br />

<strong>da</strong>dgeba <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba, iglovos kidec<br />

(ZaZebi Seimosos, nacari <strong>da</strong>iyaros,<br />

gulSi mjiRi ices). es mis<br />

individualur xasiaTzea<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli <strong>da</strong> piradi saqmea.<br />

sinanuli, <strong>rogorc</strong> aseTi, pirovnebis<br />

fericvalebas, gar<strong>da</strong>qmnas,<br />

gasxivosnebas gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong><br />

Tu individi, morwmune iqneba igi Tu<br />

aramorwmune, qristiani Tu<br />

araqristiani, tirilisa <strong>da</strong> godebis<br />

Semdegac igive <strong>da</strong>rCa, rac adre iyo,<br />

mas fuWad utiria <strong>da</strong> amaod uglovia,<br />

_ mis gulsa <strong>da</strong> gonebaSi sinanulis<br />

saidumlo ar aRsrulebula.<br />

kultura, mecniereba <strong>da</strong> yvelaferi,<br />

rac sulieri <strong>da</strong> inteleqtualuri<br />

aqtivobis nayofia, <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

gaumjobesebisTvisaa mowodebuli.<br />

magram im samyaros uSualo mizani,<br />

rasac raligias <strong>da</strong> eklesias<br />

vuwodebT, ara marto kacisa <strong>da</strong> kacTa<br />

modgmis gaumjobesebaa, aramed (<strong>da</strong><br />

pirvel rigSi) <strong>da</strong>cemulTa aRdgineba<br />

<strong>da</strong> gzasacdenilis gzaze <strong>da</strong>yeneba.<br />

mowodeba, _ moinanieT! anu:<br />

gamoicvaleT, gar<strong>da</strong>iqmeniT,<br />

gamokeTdiT! qristes moZRvrebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

misi eklesiis saZirkvelia. ase<br />

mimarTa xalxs pirvelad<br />

winaswarmetyvelma <strong>da</strong> winamorbedma<br />

ioanem (maTe 3:2; luka 3:3). misi<br />

qa<strong>da</strong>gebis Sinaarsi ieso qristem<br />

gaaRrmava <strong>da</strong> srulyo, rodesac Tqva:<br />

Tu ar moinaniebT,<br />

<strong>da</strong>iRupebiT!<br />

(luka 13:3,5).<br />

es niSnavs: sasufevlis Rirsi gaxdeba<br />

anu RvTis didebaSi Seva is, vinc,<br />

epigrafad warmodgenil sityvebs rom<br />

<strong>da</strong>vesesxoT, zneobrivi Zilisagan<br />

gamoiRviZebs <strong>da</strong> qristes naTeliT<br />

ganaTldeba.<br />

qristianuli dogmatikis Tanaxmad,<br />

monanieba anu sinanuli, <strong>rogorc</strong><br />

saeklesio saidumlo, gamosyidvis<br />

aqtTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. imisaTvis,<br />

rom es aqti aRsruldes,<br />

aucilebelia sasjeli. bibliuri<br />

istoria sxva araferia, Tu ara urCi<br />

<strong>da</strong> usmi israelis sasjeli. <strong>da</strong>mnaSave<br />

isjeba, ufro swori iqneba Tu<br />

vityviT, _ Tvis Tavs isjis,<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulis xasiaTisa <strong>da</strong> masStabis<br />

Sesabamisad. aseTia ara mxolod<br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong>, aramed (pirvel rigSi)<br />

saRvTo gangebulebac. amisTvisaa<br />

mowodebuli <strong>rogorc</strong> saero, ise<br />

saeklesio samarTali. aqve isic<br />

mkafiod un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom <strong>da</strong>sja aris<br />

ara mizani, aramed aucilebloba,<br />

raTa <strong>da</strong>naSaulis (<strong>rogorc</strong> movlenis)<br />

aRxocva <strong>da</strong> gaqarwyleba moxerxdes.<br />

sasjeli ori saxisaa _ sulieri <strong>da</strong><br />

fizikuri (saeklesio <strong>da</strong> administraciuli)<br />

imis kval<strong>da</strong>kval, Tu ra<br />

saxis <strong>da</strong>naSaulTan gvaqvs saqme.<br />

sulieri <strong>da</strong>naSauli, rasac,<br />

Cveulebriv, codvas vuwodebT,<br />

sulierebis sferos ganekuTvneba, <strong>da</strong><br />

Tu rjulismieria igi (saeklesio<br />

ganawesis <strong>da</strong>rRveva), misi regulireba<br />

rjulis kanonis prerogativaa. es<br />

morwmuneTa sazogadoebis, eklesiis,<br />

19/0 /0 /07/2003 /0 2003<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

41

privatuli problemaa. magram Tuki<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSauli mZimea, romelmac<br />

fizikuri zarali <strong>da</strong> ziani moitana,<br />

igi Zalismier sasjelsac<br />

eqvemdebareba.<br />

penitencialur sistemas erTaderTi<br />

mizani <strong>da</strong> amocana aqvs (un<strong>da</strong><br />

hqondes!) _ <strong>da</strong>mnaSavis gamosworeba.<br />

esaa ideali, romelic xorcs sulis<br />

ganwmendis gziT isxams. sulis<br />

ganwmen<strong>da</strong> ki igive sinanuli,<br />

WeSmariti metanoiaa, rac Tavis TavSi<br />

TviTsasjelsac moicavs.<br />

penitencialuri RonisZiebebi, iqneba<br />

es sulier-individualuri,<br />

samoZRvro-eklesiuri epitimia Tu<br />

Zalismieri <strong>da</strong> administraciuli,<br />

maSin CaiTvleba nayofierad, rodesac<br />

TviTsasjeliT <strong>da</strong>gvirgvindeba.<br />

igulisxmeba sinanulis<br />

srulyofileba, _ namdvili metanoia,<br />

sruli penitencia, romelic<br />

Tavisufali aqtia, sulis<br />

Zal<strong>da</strong>utanebeli sunTqvaa <strong>da</strong> mas<br />

mxolod xelSeuxebi pirovnuli neba<br />

aRmoacenebs.<br />

sulieri penitencia <strong>da</strong> iZulebiTi<br />

sasjeli, ise <strong>rogorc</strong> suli <strong>da</strong><br />

sxeuli, arsebiTad erTi mTlianobaa,<br />

radgan maTi miznebi <strong>da</strong> idealebi<br />

erTmaneTs emTxveva. eseni eklesiur<br />

<strong>da</strong> araeklesiur sazogadoebaTa<br />

saerTo moznebi <strong>da</strong> idealebia. amitom<br />

bunebrivia, rom eklesia <strong>da</strong> misi<br />

ierarqia ara marto eklesiis<br />

penitencialuri sistemis<br />

efeqturobasa <strong>da</strong> srulyofilebaze<br />

zrunavs, aramed imazec, rac<br />

Zalismieri <strong>da</strong> administraciulia,<br />

magram saboloo miznis<br />

gaTvaliswinebis gamo masac<br />

penitenciis saxlad, penitenciis<br />

zonad movixseniebT.<br />

42 Tavisufleba<br />

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sasuliero pirebis samoZRvro<br />

praqtikasa <strong>da</strong> literaturul<br />

memkvidreobaSi <strong>da</strong>naSaulisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sasjelis motivs xSirad SevxvdebiT.<br />

gamonaklisi arc wm. episkoposi<br />

gabrielia(1825-1896).<br />

igi erTob ganaTlebuli <strong>da</strong><br />

gulisxmieri mRvdelmsaxuri<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, didi samoZRvro<br />

gamocdilebiT aRWurvili; akademiur<br />

doneze icnob<strong>da</strong> ara marto<br />

saRvTismetyvelo, aramed<br />

sabunebismetyvelo disciplinebsac.<br />

mas, <strong>rogorc</strong> moZRvars,<br />

gansakuTrebiT sulisa <strong>da</strong> sxeulis<br />

urTierTobaTa problemebi<br />

ainteresen<strong>da</strong>, rac aisaxa mis<br />

fun<strong>da</strong>mentur SromaSi „cdiseuli<br />

fsiqologiis safuZvlebi“ (gamoica<br />

1858 wels). wignma specialistTa<br />

umaRlesi Sefaseba <strong>da</strong>imsaxura<br />

(Targmnilia qarTulad <strong>da</strong><br />

gamocemulic).<br />

wm. gabrielis mravalricxovani<br />

qa<strong>da</strong>gebebi, romelTa nawili qarTul,<br />

rusul <strong>da</strong> inglisur enebzea<br />

gamocemuli, religiurfsiqologiuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> zneobrivi siRrmiT<br />

gamoirCeva. Cvens yuradRebas<br />

gansakuTrebiT patimarTa winaSe<br />

Tqmuli sityvebi ipyrobs.<br />

sulis Tvisebebisa <strong>da</strong> xasiaTebis<br />

profesiuli codna mRvdelmTavars<br />

<strong>da</strong>mnaSave <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sjil a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />

mamaSviluri urTierTobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>myarebas uadvileb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

misi qa<strong>da</strong>gebebis, siqvelis <strong>da</strong><br />

individualuri kontaqtebis Sedegad<br />

araerTi gzasacdenili <strong>da</strong><br />

borotmoqmedi gamoswor<strong>da</strong>. am<br />

qa<strong>da</strong>gebebs aqtualoba <strong>da</strong><br />

cxovelmyofloba dResac ar<br />

moklebia.

gabriel episkoposi imereTisa<br />

sityva<br />

Tqmuli quTaisis sapyrobileSi<br />

eklesiis kurTxevasa ze<strong>da</strong><br />

1871 welsa ianvris 3-sa<br />

sapyrobilesa Sina viyav<br />

<strong>da</strong> moxvediT Cem<strong>da</strong>.<br />

maTe 25,36<br />

* amoRebulia wigni<strong>da</strong>n: qa<strong>da</strong>gebani imereTis episkoposis gabrielisa Tqmulni<br />

1870-1884 wlebSi, tomi meore, gamocema meore, quTaisi, 1913, gv. 361-364.<br />

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43

ufali Cveni ieso qriste, sxvaTa<br />

Soris keTilTa moqmedebaTa, amasac<br />

moiTxovs Cven qristianeTagan, rom<br />

ar <strong>da</strong>viviwyoT, aramed mivxedoT maT,<br />

romelni Tvisma ubedurebam STaagdo<br />

sapyrobilesa Sina.<br />

aRmasrulebelni esreTisa mcnebisa,<br />

Cven, SemweobiTa mravalTa keTilmsaxurTa<br />

qristianeTa, avaSeneT <strong>da</strong><br />

movawyeT eklesia ese, <strong>da</strong> dRes, RvTis<br />

madliT, igi iqmna ganaxlebul <strong>da</strong><br />

kurTxeul. didiTa sixaruliTa <strong>da</strong><br />

madlobiTa un<strong>da</strong> miiRoT Tqven, Zmano<br />

<strong>da</strong> qristianeno, aqa <strong>da</strong>pyrobilno,<br />

esreTi mowyaleba RvTisa <strong>da</strong><br />

sazogadoebisa! Tu eklesia<br />

vismesTvis qveyanaze aris saWiro <strong>da</strong><br />

sasargeblo, TqvenTvis aswil<br />

umetesad.<br />

Tqven yovelni Sepyrobilni xaraT aqa<br />

uTuod cudisa saqmisaTvis, <strong>da</strong> miT<br />

umetesad saWiro aris TqvenTvis<br />

eklesia, locva, sinanuli, vedreba<br />

RvTisa. Tqvenc qristianeni xarT,<br />

monaTlulni xarT! RmerTman nu<br />

hqmnas, rom Tqven Soris vinme iyos<br />

uRmrTo, sjulze xelaRebuli. rac<br />

gin<strong>da</strong> codvili iyos kaci, yovelTvis<br />

gaRebuli aris misTvis kari<br />

eklesiisa. wmi<strong>da</strong> eklesia aris de<strong>da</strong><br />

Cveni, romelman gvSva Cven<br />

embazisagan. de<strong>da</strong> ar <strong>da</strong>iviwyebs Tavis<br />

Svilsa, rogoric un<strong>da</strong> iyos misi<br />

Svili. Tqvenganac moelis igi<br />

sinanulisa, moqcevasa. de<strong>da</strong>s ufro<br />

ebraleba Tvisi Svili, ubedurebaSi<br />

Cavardnili. qveyanam rom uargyos,<br />

sakuTarma de<strong>da</strong>m rom aRar migiRos<br />

<strong>da</strong> Sercxves Seni, wmi<strong>da</strong> eklesia ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>giviwyebs Sen <strong>da</strong> ar gagagdebs,<br />

aramed yovelTvis elis, rom miiqce<br />

mis<strong>da</strong>mi <strong>da</strong> miiRo misgan sulieri<br />

ganaxleba <strong>da</strong> ganwmen<strong>da</strong>,<br />

44 Tavisufleba<br />

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amisTvis madlobas un<strong>da</strong> SeswirvideT<br />

RmerTsa <strong>da</strong> mTavrobasa <strong>da</strong> mTels<br />

sazogadoebasa. RmerTsa misTvis,<br />

romel, Tumca mravalgzis <strong>da</strong><br />

mravalferad SegiwuxebiaT igi<br />

cudiTa TqveniTa yofaqceviTa,<br />

xSiraT SeuracxhyofT madlsa missa,<br />

arcxvenT saxelsa missa, romeli<br />

mogcaT <strong>da</strong> gewo<strong>da</strong> Tqven. magram man<br />

mainc ar gagagdo Tqven, mainc elis,<br />

rom mihbrundebiT misken. Sehxede, ra<br />

mowyalebebiT ityvis ufali ieso<br />

qriste: sapyrobilesa Sina viyav <strong>da</strong><br />

momxedeT me. ese igi: vinc<br />

sapyrobileSi myofs mihxe<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

Seewia, igi Semeweva <strong>da</strong> momxe<strong>da</strong>vso, me<br />

viyavi sapyrobileSi, me Semewie Senao.<br />

mTavrobas <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebas misTvis<br />

un<strong>da</strong> hmadlobde, romel, Tumca Tqven<br />

mTavrobisac, sazogadoebisac <strong>da</strong><br />

mTeli qveynis Semawuxebeli iyaviT,<br />

Tumca mravali Wiri <strong>da</strong> ubedureba<br />

miayeneT mravalTa kacTa, garna mainc<br />

ebralebiT maT.<br />

marTalia, friad sabraloni <strong>da</strong><br />

saco<strong>da</strong>vni xarT, <strong>da</strong> ara mxolod miT,<br />

romel aq Sepyrobilni xarT,<br />

<strong>da</strong>tyvevebulni, _ eg kidev didi<br />

araferi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, _ aramed friad<br />

saco<strong>da</strong>vni <strong>da</strong> satiralni xarT Tqven<br />

miT, rom codvisagan xarT<br />

Sepyrobilni, codvis tyveni xarT,<br />

codvisagan wartacebulni <strong>da</strong><br />

Sekrulni. amisTvis ebralebiT Tqven<br />

RmerTsa <strong>da</strong> keTilgoniersa kacsa.<br />

codva aris pirveli Tqveni mteri <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>matyvevebeli, codvam Semogagdo<br />

Tqven aq <strong>da</strong> mogaklo Tqven pirveli<br />

sikeTe kacisa _ Tavisufleba.<br />

<strong>da</strong>mijereT, Zmano Cemno, rodesac<br />

codvas gaagdeb gulisagan, Tu<br />

oodesme codvisagan <strong>da</strong>gixsna<br />

RmerTman, maSin am sapyrobiledganac<br />

gamoxval. amisTvisac mogvca dRes

RmerTman es mowyaleba, rom eRirseT<br />

say<strong>da</strong>rsa, amisTvisac eca<strong>da</strong> mTavroba<br />

<strong>da</strong> sazogadoeba aSenebas saydrisa<br />

amis, <strong>da</strong>yenebas mRvdelisas, wirva <strong>da</strong><br />

locvis aRsrulebas, romel iqmneba,<br />

vinme Tqvenganma bolos icnas, risgan<br />

warmosdgeba misi ubedureba, icnas<br />

WeSmariteba, movides sinanulSi, <strong>da</strong><br />

miT <strong>da</strong>ixsnas Tavi Tvisi sulierisa<br />

tyveobisagan, raTa mieniWos mas<br />

xorcielica Tavisufleba.<br />

magram es SesaZlebelia, Zmano Cemno,<br />

mxolod maSin, rodesac Tqven<br />

ecdebiT <strong>da</strong> kargad, gonierad<br />

isargeblebT am eklesiiTa. <strong>rogorc</strong><br />

uwin vsTqviT, aravisTvis ar aris<br />

isre saWiro <strong>da</strong> sasargeblo eklesia,<br />

<strong>rogorc</strong> TqvenTvis. Tqveni<br />

mdgomareoba sxva aris <strong>da</strong> mZime, Zmano<br />

Cemno. vinc ki sofelSi Tavisuflad<br />

scxovrebs <strong>da</strong> araferi uWirs, imasac<br />

ki hmarTebs, rom Tavis Tavze <strong>da</strong><br />

Tavis mdgomareobaze hfiqrobdes, <strong>da</strong><br />

RmerTs evedros, rom gaaumjobesos<br />

misi mdgomareoba; miT umetesad<br />

gmarTebsT Tqven, rom Tqven Tavze<br />

ifiqroT. rodesac Semogiyvanon am<br />

eklesiaSi, Zmano Cemno, <strong>da</strong>hfiqrdi Sen<br />

gulSi, hkiTxe Sen Tavs: risTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong>gemarTa Sen es ubedureba, ese igi<br />

sapyrobileSi Sesvla? nu eferebi<br />

Sens Tavs, nuRar <strong>da</strong>hmalav Sens<br />

gulSi Sens brals, moinane Seni<br />

codva, evedre RmerTsa, rom<br />

gamogiyvanos sulierisa<br />

tyveobisagan, <strong>da</strong> miT ganTavisuflde<br />

xorcielisa tyveobisaganac. visac<br />

Wkua sruliad ar <strong>da</strong>ukargavs, vinc<br />

sruliad ar gamosula<br />

sircxvilisagan, visac aCnia kidev<br />

cotaodeni a<strong>da</strong>mianoba <strong>da</strong> kacis<br />

sindisi, mas SeuZlia isargeblos<br />

Tavisi ubedurebiT, Tvisi ubedureba<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>aqcios bednierebad: am<br />

sapyrobilesagn gamovides<br />

ganaTlebuli <strong>da</strong> ganTavisuflebuli.<br />

RmerTo, mowyaleo, macxovaro Cveno!<br />

mohxede sawyalTa amaT <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>CagrulTa codvaTagan <strong>da</strong><br />

eSmakisagan. ganuRe maT kari<br />

sinanulisa <strong>da</strong> moqcevisa. ganaaxle<br />

zogierTi maTgani , romelTac<br />

isurvon, miec maT lmobiereba<br />

gulisa <strong>da</strong> Semusvrileba sulisa.<br />

mravali <strong>da</strong> didi SeuZlia Sensa<br />

mowyalebasa! rogoraTac dRes<br />

sakurTxevelsa amas ze<strong>da</strong> aRnTebul<br />

iqmna Sens winaSe sanTeli, agreTve<br />

aRanTe maT gulSi naTeli Senisa<br />

mecnierebisa. amin.<br />

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46 Tavisufleba<br />

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regioni<br />

presa<br />

presis<br />

qveS<br />

aWaraSi gamomaval mcirericxovan presas ramdenime<br />

wlis win gazeTi `qobuleTi~ gamoakl<strong>da</strong>.<br />

es sainformacio saSualeba xelisuflebam maSin<br />

gazeT `aWara P.S.~-is meSveobiT `moinela~. pirveli<br />

precedenti, rodesac strasburgis <strong>a<strong>da</strong>mianis</strong><br />

uflebaTa sasamarTloSi saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n sityvis<br />

Tavisuflebis SezRudvis Taobaze sarCeli Sevi<strong>da</strong>,<br />

swored gazeT `qobuleTs~ ukavSirdeba. saqme,<br />

saxelwodebiT, `qaTamaZe saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg~<br />

evrosasamarTloSi ukve registrirebulia.<br />

meore regionaluri gazeTi, romelsac xelisufleba<br />

`aWara P.S.~-is meSveobiT <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong>,<br />

`baTumelebia~. am ukanasknels adgilobrivma<br />

xelisuflebam sityvis TavisuflebasTan erTad<br />

samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebac SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>, rac<br />

elementaruli procesualuri normebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevaSi<br />

gamoixata. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, re<strong>da</strong>qciam<br />

<strong>da</strong>akmayofila sasamarTlos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba <strong>da</strong><br />

saxelSecvlili `baTumelebi~ axla ukve<br />

`gazeT baTumelebis~ saxeliT gamovi<strong>da</strong>. Tumca,<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli sainformacio saSualebis<br />

Seviwroeba amiT ar <strong>da</strong>mTavrebula. xelisufleba<br />

axla ukve stambis TanamSromelTa <strong>da</strong><br />

gamavrcelebelTa <strong>da</strong>SinebiT cdilobs<br />

`gazeT baTumelebis~ saqmianobis SeCerebas.

Tu `baTumelebi~<br />

gqvia saxelad...<br />

qalaq baTumis sasamarTlom 25<br />

ivliss baTumSi gamomaval<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebel gazeT `baTumelebs~<br />

gamosvlis ufleba SeuCera.<br />

oficialurad amis mizezi<br />

gazeTisTvis saxelis Secvlis<br />

moTxovnaa, romliTac sasamarTlos<br />

gazeTma `aWara P.S.~-ma mimarTa.<br />

mosamarTle amiran faRavam<br />

<strong>da</strong>akmayofila `aWara P.S.~-is sarCeli.<br />

amasTan man sxdomaze mxolod<br />

sarezolucio<br />

`<br />

nawili gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>:<br />

sarCeli <strong>da</strong>kmayofildes,<br />

<strong>da</strong>valdebuldes Sps<br />

`baTumelebis~ direqcia<br />

Seucvalos saxelwodeba<br />

mis mier gamocemul<br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebel qarTul<br />

gazeT `baTumelebs~, Sps-s<br />

<strong>da</strong> SeaCeros saqmianoba<br />

~<br />

saxelwodebis Secvlamde.<br />

28 ivliss aRmasrulebelma mogvmarTa<br />

wina<strong>da</strong>debiT, <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv<br />

aRgvesrulebina sasamarTlos<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba. saaRsrulebo<br />

furceli kanonis uxeSi <strong>da</strong>rRveviT,<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis gamotanis dResve<br />

yofila amowerili, riTac SeizRu<strong>da</strong><br />

Cveni ufleba, kanoniT <strong>da</strong>dgenil<br />

va<strong>da</strong>Si gagvesaCivrebina<br />

zemoTxsenebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba.<br />

es saaRsrulebo furceli ukanonod<br />

rom iyo gamowerili, CvenTan Tavad<br />

aWaris iusticiis ministrma Tamaz<br />

baziaSvilma <strong>da</strong> iusticiis sabWos<br />

mdivanma rostom gunTaiSvilmac<br />

aRniSnes. amis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, 29 ivliss<br />

re<strong>da</strong>qciaSi saxeSecvlili saxiT <strong>da</strong><br />

imave nomriT, kvlav gamogzavnes<br />

saaRsrulebo furceli. paralelurad<br />

gaafrTxiles stamba <strong>da</strong> presis<br />

gavrcelebis samsaxurebi(?!), rom<br />

Tu mogvemsaxurebodnen, maT<br />

pasuxisgebaSi miscemdnen.<br />

re<strong>da</strong>qciam kerZo saCivriT<br />

gaaprotesta <strong>da</strong>uyovneblivi<br />

aRsruleba. viTxoveT, <strong>da</strong>eCqarebinaT<br />

ganxilva, raTa gazeTis gamocema ar<br />

Seferxebuliyo <strong>da</strong> wesisamebr<br />

samSabaTs gamosuliyo. mosamarTle<br />

amiran faRavam ar gaiTvaliswina<br />

Txovna <strong>da</strong> pasuxad ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

saCivars gansaxilvelad umaRles<br />

sasamarTloSi agzavni<strong>da</strong>. paralelurad<br />

mosamarTlis TanaSemwem gvamcno,<br />

rom umaRlesi sasamarTlos<br />

<strong>samoqalaqo</strong> palata erTi TviT<br />

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SvebulebaSi iyo gasuli <strong>da</strong> amis gamo<br />

kancelaria saqmeebs ar iReb<strong>da</strong>, anu<br />

erTi Tve saqme Taroze <strong>da</strong>idebo<strong>da</strong>...<br />

Cven ar viyaviT <strong>da</strong>interesebuli<br />

gazeTis SeferxebiT, amitomac<br />

mivmarTeT sasamarTlos gancxadebiT,<br />

rom mzad viyaviT <strong>da</strong>vmorCilebodiT<br />

ganCinebas <strong>da</strong> Segvecvala gazeTis<br />

saxelwodeba _ Tuki wesdebaSi<br />

cvlilebis Setana imave dRes<br />

moxdebo<strong>da</strong>, raTa mkiTxvels<br />

droulad mieRo gazeTi.<br />

samwuxarod, sasamarTlom<br />

`baTumelebi~-s direqciis Txovna arc<br />

am SemTxvevaSi gaiTvaliswina, riTac<br />

kidev ufro gagviRrmav<strong>da</strong> eWvi, rom<br />

es yvelaferi wvrilmani sasaqonlo<br />

niSnis, produqciis saxelwodebis<br />

baTumis saqalaqo<br />

sasamarTlom sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

ricxviTa <strong>da</strong><br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> imave nomriT<br />

identuri Sinaaarsis<br />

saaRsrulebo furceli<br />

gamowera<br />

48 Tavisufleba<br />

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Secvlis moTxovna ki ar aris, aramed<br />

zewola Tavisufal masmediaze. miT<br />

ufro, rom `baTumelebSi~ <strong>da</strong>saqmebul<br />

Jurnalistebs `keTilismsurvelebi~<br />

moixsenieben, <strong>rogorc</strong> `regionisa <strong>da</strong><br />

qveynisaTvis saSiS jgufs~...<br />

amasTan direqcias aqvs safuZvliani<br />

eWvi, rom am yvelaferSi aqtiura<strong>da</strong>a<br />

CarTuli aWaris umaRlesi<br />

sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare avTo<br />

abaSiZe. misi am Tanamdebobaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSvnisas, `baTumelebSi~<br />

gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> werili `asaniZem kidev<br />

erT kacs savarZeli moutana~.<br />

werilSi saubari iyo imis Taobaze,<br />

rom strasburgSi avTo abaSiZis xSiri<br />

stumroba <strong>da</strong> asaniZis saqmiT misi<br />

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<strong>da</strong> `baTumelebsac~ sul male<br />

<strong>da</strong>xurulTa gzas gauyeneb<strong>da</strong>...<br />

am muqaras sasamarTlos<br />

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Tumca, xelCasaWidi am SemTxvevaSic<br />

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`qaTamaZe<br />

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winaaRmdeg~<br />

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Tavisufleba<br />

49

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