kanonmdeblobis analizi
kanonmdeblobis analizi
kanonmdeblobis analizi
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<strong>kanonmdeblobis</strong><br />
<strong>analizi</strong><br />
mozardTa Soris Zaladobis<br />
problemis gadasaWrelad<br />
elene JorJolaZe<br />
saqarTvelos parlamentis janmrTelobis dacvisa<br />
da socialur sakiTxTa komiteti<br />
27-28 Tebervali, 2008
proeqtis mizani<br />
1. saqarTvelos <strong>kanonmdeblobis</strong> maregulirebeli<br />
funqciis ganxorcielebis efeqtianobis<br />
gaanalizeba;<br />
2. Tanamedrove moTxovnebTan saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kanonmdeblobis</strong> Sesabamisobis Seswavla;<br />
3. saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebisa da<br />
ucxoeTis ganviTarebuli qveynebis Sesabamisi<br />
sakanonmdeblo bazis ganzogadeba da misi<br />
SedarebiTi <strong>analizi</strong> saqarTvelos<br />
kanonmdeblobasTan.
gaanalizda<br />
• Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebi;<br />
• normatiul aqtebSi ganxorcielebuli<br />
cvlilebebi;<br />
• saqarTvelos <strong>kanonmdeblobis</strong> TeoriulsamarTlebrivi<br />
mxare, <strong>kanonmdeblobis</strong><br />
praqtikaSi gamoyeneba da saTanado Sedegebi;<br />
• ucxoeTis qveynebis Sesabamisi normatiuli<br />
aqtebis <strong>analizi</strong> samarTlebrivi sistemis<br />
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
• zogierTi qveynis statistika <strong>kanonmdeblobis</strong><br />
praqtikaSi gamoyenebis Taobaze.
saxelmwifos<br />
maregulirebeli funqciis<br />
ori mimarTuleba:L<br />
1. damsjelobiTi _<br />
saxelmwifo<br />
iZulebis<br />
RonisZiebebi,<br />
orientirebuli<br />
ukve damdgari<br />
Sedegis mimarT<br />
2. prevenciuli _<br />
aradamsjelobiTi<br />
RonisZiebebi,<br />
orientirebuli<br />
profilaqtikaze,<br />
anu SesaZlo<br />
kriminaluri<br />
Sedegebis Tavidan<br />
acilebaze
ganxilul iqna:<br />
• saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi;<br />
• saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso<br />
kodeqsi;<br />
• `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni;<br />
• instruqcia, damtkicebuli saqarTvelos Sinagan<br />
saqmeTa ministris 2006 wlis 17 maisis #635<br />
brZanebiT `arasrulwlovanTa mier da maT<br />
mimarT Cadenil danaSaulTa aRmkveTi<br />
saqmianobis organizebis Sesaxeb~.
Aarasrulwlovnis definicia<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsis mixedviT<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsis moqmedi redaqcia<br />
arasrulwlovnad Tvlis pirs, romelsac<br />
danaSaulis Cadenisas Seusrulda<br />
ToTxmeti weli, magram ar Sesrulebia<br />
Tvrameti weli.
arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli<br />
sisxlis samarTlis kanonis normebi<br />
arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kanonis normebi SeiZleba<br />
ganxilul iqnes ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT:<br />
1. kanoni arasrulwlovans ganixilavs, rogorc<br />
gansakuTrebulad dacul sikeTes –<br />
danaSaulis obieqts. arasrulwlovanTa<br />
mimarT Cadenili rigi danaSauli met<br />
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas<br />
iwvevs, vidre srulwlovnis mimarT Cadenili;<br />
2. kanoni arasrulwlovans ganixilavs daculi<br />
sikeTisa da marTlwesrigis xelmyofad _<br />
danaSaulis subieqtad.
• arasrulwlovani ganixileba ra danaSaulis<br />
obieqtad, mis mimarT Cadenili danaSauli<br />
ufro mkacrad isjeba, vidre srulwlovnis<br />
mimarT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsi calkeul SemTxvevaSi danaSaulad<br />
acxadebs mxolod iseT qmedebebs, romlebmac<br />
SeiZleba ziani miayenon arasrulwlovan<br />
pirebs; magram sxva SemTxvevaSi igive qmedeba<br />
ar aris marTlsawinaaRmdego.<br />
magaliTad, arasrulwlovnis dayolieba maTxovrobaze<br />
an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaze iwvevs<br />
sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, Tumca igive<br />
qmedeba, Cadenili srulwlovan pirTa mimarT<br />
samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ar iwvevs (sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kodeqsis 171-e muxli).
• arasrulwlovani ganixileba ra<br />
danaSaulis subieqtad, mas SesaZloa<br />
daeniSnos saqarTvelos sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
sasjelis yvela saxe, garda<br />
Tavisuflebis uvado aRkveTisa, anu mas<br />
SeiZleba daeniSnos sasjeli an<br />
aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi<br />
RonisZieba.
sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebi<br />
sasjelis daniSvnisas<br />
14-dan 16 wlamde arasrulwlovnisaTvis<br />
dakisrebuli<br />
• Tavisuflebis aRkveTa<br />
ara umetes 10 wlisa;<br />
• Tavisuflebis SezRudva<br />
ara umetes 4 wlisa.
aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis<br />
iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi<br />
iTvaliswinebs:<br />
• arasrulwlovnis gafrTxilebas;<br />
• arasrulwlovnis sazedamxedvelod<br />
gadacemas;<br />
• arasrulwlovnisaTvis zianis<br />
anazRaurebis movaleobis dakisrebas;<br />
• arasrulwlovnis qcevis SezRudvas;<br />
• arasrulwlovnis moTavsebas specialur<br />
aRmzrdelobiT an samkurnalo<br />
aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebaSi.
Aarasrulwlovnis definicia<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis<br />
samarTlis saproceso<br />
kodeqsis mixedviT<br />
14 wlidan 18 wlamde piri ganixileba<br />
arasrulwlovnad,<br />
14 wlamde piri _ mcirewlovnad.
saqarTvelos sisxlis<br />
samarTlis saproceso<br />
kodeqsi icnobs aRkveTis<br />
RonisZiebis Semdeg saxeebs:<br />
• braldebulis dapatimreba;<br />
• girao;<br />
• piradi Tavdeboba;<br />
• samxedro mosamsaxuris sardlobis<br />
meTvalyureobaSi gadacema;<br />
• arasrulwlovani braldebulis<br />
meTvalyureobaSi gadacema.
• praqtikaSi arasrulwlovan<br />
braldebulTa mimarT aRkveTis<br />
RonisZiebis saxed umTavresad<br />
gamoiyeneba girao an dapatimreba.<br />
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso<br />
kodeqsis Tanaxmad<br />
• dapatimreba, rogorc wesi, ar<br />
gamoiyeneba arasrulwlovan pirTa<br />
mimarT. ZiriTadad unda moxdes maTi<br />
meTvalyureobaSi gadacema;<br />
• arasrulwlovani braldebulis<br />
meTvalyureobaSi gadacema aris aRkveTis<br />
RonisZiebis erT-erTi yvelaze msubuqi<br />
forma;
saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2007<br />
wels am sferoSi ganxorcielebuli<br />
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi:<br />
1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsSi Setanil iqna cvlileba,<br />
romlis Tanaxmad,<br />
arasrulwlovanTaTvis gamkacrda<br />
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba<br />
garkveul danaSaulze, Semcirda<br />
Seracxadobis asaki _ sisxlissamarTlebrivi<br />
pasuxismgebloba dawesda 12 wlidan;
2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saproceso kodeqsSi Setanil iqna<br />
cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad,<br />
dadginda arasrulwlovnis mier Cadenili<br />
danaSaulis saqmis warmoebis ganxorcieleba<br />
mxolod im mosamarTleebis, prokurorebisa<br />
da gamomZieblebis mier, romlebmac gaiares<br />
specialuri momzadeba pedagogikasa da<br />
fsiqologiaSi.<br />
es garemoeba mniSvnelovani da pozitiuri<br />
novaciaa saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi da,<br />
faqtobrivad, Tanamedrove evropuli<br />
gamocdilebis gaziarebas warmoadgens.
3. `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos<br />
kanonSi Setanil iqna cvlilebebi,<br />
romlebic 2008 wlis 1 ivliss<br />
amoqmeddeba. am cvlilebebis Tanaxmad,<br />
1. erTmaneTisagan gaimijna Tormetidan<br />
ToTxmet wlamde da ToTxmetidan Tvramet<br />
wlamde arasrulwlovanTa<br />
aRmzrdelobiTi dawesebulebebi;<br />
2. am kategoriis msjavrdebulTaTvis<br />
dawesda gansxvavebuli mopyrobis wesebi.
prevenciuli xasiaTis saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis sakiTxebs<br />
awesrigebs instruqcia, damtkicebuli<br />
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2006 wlis<br />
17 maisis #635 brZanebiT `arasrulwlovanTa mier<br />
da maT mimarT Cadenil danaSaulTa aRmkveTi<br />
saqmianobis organizebis Sesaxeb~. am instruqciis<br />
Tanaxmad:<br />
• arasrulwlovanTa problemebze muSaoba<br />
kriminaluri policiis departamentis<br />
inspeqtorebis kompetencias ganekuTvneba;<br />
• maTi saqmianoba emyareba zonaluri dayofis<br />
princips;<br />
• erTi inspeqtoris sakuratoro zonaSi ar unda<br />
iyos 18 wlamde asakis 4000 arasrulwlovanze<br />
meti.
instruqciis xarvezad SeiZleba<br />
CaiTvalos:<br />
• saTanadod ar aris mowesrigebuli<br />
arasrulwlovanTa inspeqtorebis meurveobisa<br />
da mzrunvelobis organoebis koordinaciis<br />
sakiTxi;<br />
• ar aris daregulirebuli socialuri muSakebis<br />
koordinaciis sakiTxi;<br />
• cxadia, rom saSualod 4 aTasi<br />
arasrulwlovniT dasaxlebul teritoriaze<br />
instruqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebis<br />
ganxorcielebas erTi inspeqtori ver<br />
uzrunvelyofs.
alis Seracxadobis<br />
asakobrivi zRvari ucxo<br />
qveynebSi<br />
• asaki, romlis dadgomis Semdegac pirs bralad<br />
Seeracxeba mis mier Cadenili<br />
marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba, yvelgan identuri<br />
ar aris da damokidebulia ama Tu im qveyanaSi<br />
damkvidrebul kulturul-istoriul<br />
tradiciebze. amJamad bralis Seracxaobis asaki<br />
sxvadasxva qveynis mixedviT 7 wlidan 18 wlamde<br />
meryeobs;<br />
• evropis umetes qveynebSi sisxlis samarTlis<br />
pasuxismgeblobis minimaluri asaki 14 welia.
asaki<br />
q v e y a n a<br />
7 egvipte, indoeTi, kviprosi, quveiTi, nigeria, axali gvinea, samx.<br />
afrika, singapuri, honkongi bangladeSi<br />
8 Sotlandia, Sri-lanka, zambia, kaimanis kunZulebi, indonezia<br />
9 eTiopia, malta, omani<br />
10 inglisi, avstralia, axali zelandia, kameruni, malaizia, saudis<br />
arabeTi, uelsi, fiji, Crd. irlandia<br />
11 TurqeTi<br />
12 niderlandebi, san-marino, korea, maroko, meqsika, iamaika, israeli,<br />
kanada, uganda,<br />
13 estoneTi, monako, nigeria, saberZneTi, safrangeTi<br />
14 avstria, bosnia-hercegovina, bulgareTi, germania, iaponia, italia,<br />
latvia, litva, rumineTi, slovenia, ungreTi, taivani, CineTi,<br />
xorvatia, aSS-is zogierTi Stati<br />
15 dania, islandia, laosi, norvegia, poloneTi, slovakeTi, fineTi,<br />
SvedeTi, CexeTi<br />
16 andora, belgia, espaneTi, luqsemburgi, mozambiki, portugalia, Cile<br />
18<br />
gvinea, ekvadori, venesuela, kolumbia
minimaluri asakobrivi<br />
zRvari<br />
minimaluri asakobrivi zRvari<br />
qveyana<br />
sisxlis<br />
samarTlis<br />
saSualo<br />
skolis<br />
qorwinebis<br />
gogonebi/vaJebi<br />
dasaqmebis<br />
pasuxismgeblobis<br />
damTavrebis<br />
inglisi, uelsi 10 16 16 16<br />
niderlandebi 12 16 16 16<br />
safrangeTi 13 16 18 16<br />
avstria 14 15 15/18 15<br />
germania 14 15 16 15<br />
italia 14 14 16 15<br />
dania 15 16 15 15<br />
fineTi 15 16 18* 15<br />
islandia 15 16 18 16<br />
norvegia 15 16 18* 15<br />
SvedeTi 15 16 18* 16
minimaluri asakobrivi<br />
zRvari<br />
* gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi dasaSvebia 18 wlamde, magram qveda zRvari<br />
dazustebuli ar aris.<br />
minimaluri asakobrivi zRvari<br />
qveyana<br />
sisxlis<br />
samarTlis<br />
pasuxismgeblobis<br />
saSualo<br />
skolis<br />
damTavrebis<br />
qorwinebis<br />
gogonebi/vaJebi<br />
dasaqmebis<br />
TurqeTi 11 14 14/15 13<br />
rumineTi 14 14 15/18 15<br />
CexeTi 15 15 16 15<br />
poloneTi 15 18 16 15<br />
estoneTi 13 15 15 15<br />
latvia 14 15 16 15<br />
portugalia 16 15 16 15<br />
espaneTi 16 16 14 16<br />
slovenia 14 15 18* 15
arasrulwlovanTa<br />
sasamarTlo sistema<br />
• evropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
danaSaulis CadenaSi mxilebul<br />
arasrulwlovan pirs asamarTlebs<br />
arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis sasamarTlo.<br />
• evropis qveynebis umetesobaSi<br />
saxelmwifos midgoma orientirebulia<br />
prevenciul da ara damsjelobiT<br />
RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebaze.
SedarebiTma analizma aCvena<br />
1. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, miuxedavad calkeuli<br />
pozitiuri cvlilebisa, saWiroebs srulyofas samarTlebrivi<br />
urTierTobebis maregulirebeli funqciis efeqtiani<br />
ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT;<br />
2. saqarTvelos <strong>kanonmdeblobis</strong> erT-erT mniSvnelovan xarvezad<br />
SeiZleba miviCnioT saqarTvelos administraciul<br />
samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis, am sakmaod moqnili<br />
samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sistemis, arasaTanado<br />
gamoyeneba;<br />
3. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi<br />
Sesabamisi cvlilebis Setana _ arasrulwlovanTa calkeuli<br />
antisazogadoebrivi qmedebisaTvis administraciuli<br />
pasuxismgeblobis daweseba, saxelmwifo organoebis xelSi<br />
efeqtiani saSualeba gaxdeba arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. amasTanave, saTanado praqtikuli<br />
implementaciis pirobebSi igi kargi safuZveli iqneba<br />
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulebis dekriminalizaciisaTvis.
am sferoSi Catarebulma<br />
gamokvlevebma cxadyo:<br />
• mTeli msoflios masStabiT arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis sistema Soris aris<br />
srulyofilebisagan;<br />
• problemas warmoadgens ara TviT es sistema an mis<br />
dasaxvewad SerCeuli meTodebi, aramed is socialuri<br />
Tu ekonomikuri faqtorebi, romlebic Sesabamis<br />
samarTaldarRvevebs warmoqmnis. yovelive amis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovania am Zireuli mizezebis<br />
gamovlena da aRmofxvra;<br />
• dasasrul, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, prioriteti<br />
unda mieniWos ara damnaSaveobis winaaRmdeg brZolas,<br />
aramed damnaSaveobis prevencias.
didi madloba<br />
yuradRebisaTvis
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