saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ...
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ...
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikuli seqtori da satranzito funqcia<br />
agvistos rusul-qarTuli samxedro<br />
konfliqtis Semdeg<br />
2008 wlis oqtomberi<br />
mokle mimoxilva<br />
2008 wlis agvistos ruseT-<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> omma <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ekonomikur da finansur<br />
sistemas didi ziani miayena, samxedro infrastruqturis sruli ngreva gamoiwvia,<br />
pirdapiri investiciebis Semodineba Seaferxa da qveynis rogorc usafrTxo da<br />
stabiluri satranzito gzis saxeli mniSvnelovnad Searyia 1 . saerTaSoriso<br />
sareitingo institutebma <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> da misi finansuri sistemis Sefasebis<br />
reitingebi daswies. Standard & Poors suverenuli kreditis reitingi `pozitiuridan~<br />
`stabiluramde~, xolo Fitch Rating-is `<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> grZelvadiani adgilobrivi da<br />
savaluto reitingi BB-dan B+ mde daiwia. Fitch Rating-ma daswia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> oTxi<br />
komerciuli bankis sakredito reitingebic 2 .<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikuli sistema uSualod samxedro moqmedebebis drosac<br />
ganagrZobda Seuferxeblad muSaobas 3 . gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda, ruseTis mier<br />
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli dabombvebis dros energetikuli obieqtebis dazianeba<br />
da mosaxleobisTvis eleqtro<strong>energiis</strong> da bunebrivi airis miwodebis wyveta ar<br />
momxdara 4 , Tumca, droebiT iyo gaCerebuli rusTavis qimiuri kombinati `azoti~ da<br />
metalurgiuli qarxana.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikuli seqtoris udidesi nawili pivatizirebulia da ZiriTadad,<br />
rusul-qarTul biznes jgufebs ekuTvnis (Telasi – Tbilisis eleqtrodistribucia,<br />
mtkvari-enerji, itera – regionebis gaziT momarageba, maRali Zabvis gadamcemi xazebiros/gruzenergo).<br />
rusul-qarTul biznes jgufebze am obieqtebis privatizebas Tavis<br />
droze sazogadoeba da eqspertebi ewinaaRmdegebodnen im motiviT, rom rusuli<br />
kapitalis monawileobiT dafuZnebuli energetikuli kompaniebi rusuli politikis<br />
gamtareblebi iqnebodnen da kritikul momentebSi qveynis sazianod imoqmedebdnen. am<br />
arguments safuZvels is faqti umagrebda, rom, sazogadod aRiarebuli mosazrebiT,<br />
1 garda imisa, rom saerTaSoriso satranzito milsadenebi konfliqtis dros gaCerebuli iyo,<br />
sarkinigzo gadazidvebis nawilma azerbaijanidan ruseTis da iranis mimarTulebiT gadainacvala.<br />
2 Oxford Analytica, September 10 2008.<br />
3 konfliqtis dros <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> ar Seuwyvetia ruseTisaTvis SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli 100<br />
milioni kv/sT eleqtro<strong>energiis</strong> miwodeba<br />
4 amJamindeli viTarebisagan sruliad sapirispirod 1994 wels <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mxridan afxazeTis<br />
problemis mowesrigebis kraxiT damTavrebas Tan axlda energetikuli obieqtebis sruli ngreva,<br />
aafeTqes engurhesis didi fari, cecxli gauCnda da sruliad ganadgurda gardabnis mecxre da meaTe<br />
blokebi.<br />
1<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
usul sivrceSi damoukideblad moqmedi, mxolod mogebaze orientirebuli biznesi<br />
ar arsebobs da rom rusuli biznesi rusuli politikis gamtarebelia, sadac ar<br />
unda iyos is, ruseTSi, Tu mis farglebs gareT.<br />
potenciuri safrTxis miudedavad, samxedro konfliqtis dros da mis Semdgom<br />
rusul-qarTuli biznes jgufebi biznesis CarCoebidan ar gamosulan da mosaxleobis<br />
mimarT eleqto<strong>energiis</strong>a da gazis miwodebis mxriv problemebi ar yofila 5 . aseTi<br />
problemebi rom wamoWriliyo, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mTavroba am biznes jgufebis saqmianobas,<br />
bunebrivia, uaryofiTad Seafasebda da SesaZloa, amas privatizaciis Sedegebis<br />
gadasinjvac mohyoloda. maTma koreqtulma moqmedebam movlenebis am mimarTulebiT<br />
ganviTarebas yovelgvari safuZveli gamoacala. ufro metic, konfliqtis damTavrebis<br />
Semdeg <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xelisuflebam konfliqtis dros energokompaneibs saqmianobas<br />
dadebiTi Sefaseba misca da gamoxata qveynis mzadyofna, ganagrZos ruseTidan<br />
investicebis miReba.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikuli seqtori konfliqtis Semdeg da zamTris dadgomamde<br />
qarTuli sazogadoebis da eqspertebis garkveuli nawilis mosazrebiT, ruseTis<br />
mxridan energetikuli resursebis mowodebis SezRudvis safrTxe mainc arsebobs,<br />
gansakuTrebiT, zamTarSi. am mosazrebis dasasabuTeblad maT 2006 wlis ianvris<br />
bolo SemTxveva mohyavT, roca ruseTidan Semomaval orive gazsadenze afeTqebebi<br />
moxda da kavkasionis 500 kilovoltiani gadamcemi xazi dazianda.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikis ministris gancxadebiT, zamTarSi energoresursebiT qveynis<br />
uzrunvelyofis problema ar iqneba. rogorc man Tqva, yvela zoma aris miRebuli<br />
imisTvis, rom mosaxleoba zamTarSi eleqtro<strong>energiis</strong>a da gazis gareSe ar darCes.<br />
gadamcemi xazebi da infrastruqtura wesrigSia, srul mzadyofnaSia gardabnis<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong> kuTvnilebaSi myofi gazze momuSave energoblokebi (civ da cxel<br />
reJimebSi). srulad aris deregulirebuli gazis bazari da momxmarebels SeuZlia<br />
gazis importior ramdenime kompanias Soris arCevani gaakeTos. ministris gancxadebas<br />
is rusul-qarTuli, qarTul-yazaxuri da qarTul-Cexuri kompaniebic adastureben,<br />
romlebic qarTul energobazarze privatizebis Semdeg gaCndnen.<br />
qvemoT mocemulia mokle informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra mdgomareobaa<br />
eleqtroenergiiT da gaziT uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT kompaniebis mixedviT da ra<br />
ZiriTadi problemebi gaCnda rusuli samxedro agresiis Semdeg am sferoebSi.<br />
eleqtoenergetika<br />
Telasi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikul bazarze 2003 wels mis mier amerikuli kompania<br />
AES-sgan TelasSi misi kuTvnili aqciebis (75%) Sesyidvis Semdeg imyofeba. kompaniis<br />
generaluri direqtoris iuri pimenovis gancxadebiT, kompanias konfliqtis dros<br />
5 energetikuli resursebis miwodebis wyveta mosaxleobaSi socialur protests da Sesabamisad, qaoss<br />
gamoiwvevda.<br />
2<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
saxemwifos mxridan aranairi zewola ar ganucdi. kompania kmayofilia arsebuli<br />
biznesgaremoTi da investirebas adre SemuSavebuli grafikiT ganagrZobs. mas zamTris<br />
periodisTvis mosamzadebeli yvela RonisZieba gatarebuli aqvs: eleqtro<strong>energiis</strong><br />
Sesyidvis Sesaxeb samwliani kontraqti gaformebuli aqvs engurhesTan, xramisa da<br />
Jinvalis hidroeleqtosadgurebTan da mtkvari enerjisTan (romelic aseve rusul<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong> kompanias, inter-raos ekuTvnis). inter-raosTan aqvs xelSekruleba<br />
dadebuli zamTris TveebSi 300 milioni kilovat/saaTi eleqtro <strong>energiis</strong> Sesyidvis<br />
Taobazec 6 .<br />
energo-pro – energo-pro Cexuri kompaniaa, romelic <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikul<br />
bazarze 2007 wlidan Semovida da eleqtroenergiiT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> regionebs<br />
amaragebs. distribuciis garda, am kompanias 354 megavatis simZlavris ramdenime<br />
hidroeleqtosadguri ekuTvnis. kompania Tavisi momxmareblis moTxovnas mxolod<br />
sakuTari generaciiT ver akmayofiolebs, amitom damatebiT eleqtoenergias isic<br />
engurhesidan da sxva hidroeleqtosadgurebidan Seisyidis. energo-pro erTaderTi<br />
energokompaniaa, romelmac rusuli agresiis dros 6 milioni aSS dolaris zarali<br />
ganicada 7 . energo-pros, iseve rogorc Telass, ufleba aqvs moaxdinos<br />
eleqto<strong>energiis</strong> importi, Tumca, Telasisgan gansxvevebiT, energo-pro, iqidan<br />
gamomdinare, rom regionebs amaragebs, eleqtoenergias cxinvalis regionsac awvdida 8 .<br />
rusuli samxedro nawilebis mier samxreT oseTidan qarTuli mosaxleobis gamodevnis<br />
da ruseTis mier misi damoukidebel <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>d aRiarebis Semdeg, savaraudod,<br />
energo-pros mier misTvis eleqto<strong>energiis</strong> miyidvis pirobebic unda gadaisinjos.<br />
eleqtro<strong>energiis</strong> bazris sakiTxis ganxilvis dros unda gamoiyos enguris<br />
hidroeleqtrosadguris sakiTxic. igi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mTavari sabaziso<br />
hidroeleqtosadguria da nawilobriv afxazeTis da nawilobriv danarCeni<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> teritoriaze mdebareobs. 1994 wels, afxazeTis konfliqtis pirveli<br />
fazis dasrulebis Semdeg engurhesis sakiTxi afxazur da qarTul mxareebs Soris<br />
orive mxarisaTvis misaRebad gadaiWra. ruseTis mier afxazeTis damoukidebel<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>d aRiarebis Sedegad SesaZloa, molaparakebis pirobebi Seicvalos.<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas isic, rom rogorc Telass, ise energo-pros<br />
eleqtro<strong>energiis</strong> Sesyidvis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebebi swored engurhesTan aqvT<br />
gaformebuli. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikis ministri am mxriv raime garTulebas<br />
gamoricxavs da amave dros aRniSnavs, rom <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikul bazars muSaoba<br />
enegurhesis gareSec SeuZlia.<br />
saqrTvelos gazis bazari<br />
6 Black Sea Press, September 11 2008.<br />
7 Caucasus Press, September 10 2008.<br />
8 ruseTis mxridan samxreT oseTis mimarTulebiT eleqtogadamcemi xazis da gazsadenis mSeneblobis<br />
Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba miRebulia. gazsadenis mSeneebloba dawyebulic aris da savaraudod 2009<br />
wlis ivnisSi unda dasruldes.<br />
3<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
eleqtro<strong>energiis</strong>agan gansxvavebiT, romlis 70% <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
hidroeleqtosadgurebze gamomuSavdeba 9 , saqarTveloSi moxmarebuli gazis mTeli<br />
raodenoba importirebulia. 2007 wels saqarTvelom 1,750 milioni m3 gazi moixmara,<br />
saidanac 60% ruseTidan iyo importirebuli, danarCeni 40% -- azerbaijanidan. wels<br />
savaraudod, es balansi mxolod umniSvnelod Seicvleba azerbaijanis sasargeblod,<br />
vinaidan, wels azerbaijani dRiurad 1,3 milioni m3 nacvlad 1,5 milion m3 moawvdis<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> 10 . Sax-denizis konsorciumidanac saqarTvelo dRiurad1 milion m3 gazs<br />
iRebs.<br />
amgvarad, saqarTvelo gazs azerbaijanidan (500 miliono m3) saerTaSoriso<br />
konsorciumidan kontraqtiT SeTanxmebuli grafikiT miiRebs (300 milioni m3). gazi<br />
somxeTis tranzitisaTvis, romelic 2007-Si 200 milioni m3 iyo, wels (noemberSi<br />
iran-somxeTis milis gaxsnis Semdeg, gamomdinare iqidan, Tu ramdens Semoitans<br />
somxeTi iranidan) SeiZleba Semcirdes, amitom gazpromis gazis miReba <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
srulad uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia.<br />
Sesabamisad, Tu wels saqarTveloSi gazis moxmareba imave doneze darCa (1,750<br />
milioni m3), rac adre iyo, gamomdinare iqidan, Tu ramden gazs miiRebs saqarTvelo<br />
somxeTis tranzitisaTvis, rusul-azerbaijanuli gazis balansi SeiZleba Tanabrad<br />
gadanawildes, an azerbaijanis sasargeblod Seicvalos.<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong> <strong>politika</strong> - sruli deregulireba<br />
2008 wlis agvistoSi <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebiT gazis bazris<br />
sruli deregulireba moxda, rac imas niSnavs, rom kerZo kompaniebs ufleba miecaT,<br />
gazi Tavad iyidon da gayidon im raodenobiT da im fasad, rogorc amas moaxerxeben.<br />
deregulirebul gazis bazarze ramdenime importiori moqmedebs, esenia: <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
navTobisa da gazis korporacia, enerji investi, sokari - azerbaijanis <strong>saxelmwifo</strong><br />
energo kompania (romelmac, 2008 wlis zafxulis tenderis Sedegebis mixedviT, unda<br />
uzrunvelyos <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> regionebis, garda kompania iteras qselisa, momarageba),<br />
itera da saerTaSoriso energetikuli korporacia. miuxedavad didi molodinebisa,<br />
romelic Tbilisis distribuciis yazaxuri kompaniisTvis gadacemas uZRoda win,<br />
yaztransgazs gazi Tavad ver Semoaqvs da Tbilisis mosaxleobisTvis saWiro gazs<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> navTobisa da gazis korporaciisgan yidulobs.<br />
deregulirebis miuxedavad, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xelisufleba, mosaxleobis gaziT<br />
uzrunvelyofis da arsebuli tarifis SenarCunebis mizniT, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> navTobisa da<br />
gazis korporacias azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso kondsorciumisgan gazis tranzitis<br />
safasurad SeZenas da SeRavaTian fasad miRebuli gazis mosaxleobisTvis miyidvaSi<br />
xels uwyobs. navTobisa da gazis korporacia am gazis mniSvnelovan nawils<br />
yaztransgazs TbilisSi mosaxleobis uzrunvelsayofad miawvdis.<br />
9 mxolod danarCeni, maqsimum 30%-is gamomuSaveba xdeba importirebul gazze.<br />
10 Trend Capital , Azerbaijani News Agancy<br />
4<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
ac Seexeba regionebs, 2008 wlis zfxulis tenderis Semdeg azerbaijanis<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong> kompania sokaris saxiT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> gazis bazarze axali gazis<br />
importiori gamoCnda, romelmac regionebis 30 sadistribucio qseli SeiZina da<br />
magistraluri milsadenibis reabilitaiisaTvis 45 milioni aSS dolaric gamoyo. mis<br />
sasdistribucio qselSi mosaxleobis moxmareba 45 milion m3 Seadgens. kompania<br />
moxmarebis 250 milion m3 mde gazrdas apirebs 11 , rasac is azerbaijanidan<br />
Semotanili sakuTari gaziT uzrunvelyofs.<br />
Tu 2007 wlamde rusul-qarTuli kompania itera regionebs gaziT marto<br />
uzrunvelyofda, 2008 wlis Semodgomidan mas konkurenti sokari gamouCnda. 2007<br />
wels iteram regionebSi 260 milioni m3 gazis realizacia moaxdina. am raodenobidan<br />
umetesi wili komerciuli erTeulebis moxmarebaze modioda. Tu sokari regionebis<br />
gaziT momaragebas uzrunvelyofs (garda iteras kuTvnilebaSi myofi 12<br />
sadistribucio qselisa) da mosaxleobis moxmareba mis moqmedebis arealSi 45<br />
milioni m3-ia, savaraudod, danarCeni 215 milioni m3 iteras 12 sadistribucio<br />
qselis da komerciuli erTeulebis moxmarebaze nawildeba. itera Seecdeba Tavisi<br />
bazari SeinarCunos, an iZulebuli iqneba, es wili isev sokars dauTmos, vainaidan am<br />
ukanasknels sakuTari iafi gazis Semotana SeuZlia.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikis ministri 2008 wlis agvistos gadawyvetilebas gazis<br />
bazris sruli deregulirebis Sesaxeb dadebiTad afasebs. misi azriT, deregulireba<br />
sxvadasxva importiorebs Soris konkurencias ganaviTarebs, rogorc es iterasa da<br />
sokaris SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moxdes. ministri aseve darwmunebulia, rom rogorc<br />
Tbilisis, ise regionebis mosaxleoba, zamTris TveebSi gaziT uzrunvelyofili<br />
iqneba, vinaidan maT gazs, erTis mxriv, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> navTobisa da gazis korporacia<br />
(romelic azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso konsorciumidan miRebuli <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s wili<br />
gazis realizacias axdens) da meores mxriv, sokari miawvdis, romelic Tavad aris<br />
azerbaijanidan sakuTari gazis Semomtani.<br />
rac Seexeba msxvil komerciul erTeulebs, maT SeuZliaT gazi Tavad Semoitanon, an<br />
danarCeni importiorebisgan Seisyidon. Amgvarad, <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> Tavisufalia<br />
valdebulebisgan, rom biznes-jgufebi gaziT uzrunvelyos da am amocanis gadaWra<br />
maTzeve aqvs gadabarebuli.<br />
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saqrTvelo-ruseTis samxedro konfliqtis Semdgom<br />
zamTris dadgomisaTvis <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> energetikuli seqtori mzad aris <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
mosaxleoba eleqtoenergiiT da gaziT srulad uzrunvelyos, Tumca, gadasaWreli<br />
rCeba konfliqtis Semdgom da ruseTis mier konfliqturi regionebis damoukidebel<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>ebad aRiarebis Sedegad gaCenili ori sakiTxi, romlebic energetikis<br />
saministros kompetencias scildeba da mTeli mTavrobis gaerTianebul Zalisxmevas<br />
moiTxovs, esenia:<br />
11 Caucasus Press, September 18 2008<br />
5<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
• engurhesis sakiTxi da 12<br />
• cxinvalisaTvis 13 eleqtroenergiiis da gazis miwodebis pirobebi eTnikuri<br />
wmendis Sedegad gamoZevebuli qarTuli mosaxleobis dabrunebamde 14 ;<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> satranzito funqcia konfliqtis Semdgom<br />
mokle winaistoria: saqarTverlos jer kidev wina xelisuflebam qveynis<br />
usafrTxoebisa da dasavluri ganviTarebis safuZvlad dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs<br />
Soris <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> teritoriis gavliT energetikuli da sxva tvirTebis moZraobis<br />
xelisSewyoba miiCnia. im dros rogorc eqspertuli jgufebi, ise samTavrobo wreebi<br />
miiCnevdnen, rom energetikuli da sxva saxis tvirTebis mwarmoebeli da mimRebi<br />
qveynebi satranzito qveynis grZelvadian usafrTxoebaSi sisxlxorceulad iqnebodnen<br />
dainteresebuli, rac <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> stabiluri ganviTarebis winapirobas Seuqmnida.<br />
bunebrivia, amgvari garemoeba tranzitis TvalsazrisiT konkurentuli qveynebis<br />
mxridan saqarTveloSi destabilizaciis mcdelobas ar gamoricxavda. amgvari<br />
mcdelobebi qveynis ganviTarebis im etapze <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xelisuflebis mier,<br />
strategiuli partniorebis, evrokavSirisa da aSS-s mxardaWeriT, ramdenjerme<br />
aRikveTa 15 .<br />
zogadad, energoresursebis satranzito proeqtebi mravalwliani proeqtebia da didi<br />
raodenobiT investiciebs moiTxovs. Sesabamisad, energoresursebis satranzito qveyana<br />
usafTxo da stabiluri unda iyos, raTa energoresursebis mwarmoebel da mis<br />
momxmarebel qveynebs ar hqondeT imis gancda, rom maT resursebs SeiZleba rame<br />
SeemTxvas 16 . amasTan erTad, aucilebelia, rom satranzito qveynebis politikuri<br />
elita rogorc erTmaneTs Soris, ise resursebis eqsportiori da importiori<br />
qveynebis politikuri elitebis mxridan maRali ndobiT sargeblobdes, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, Tu rogori politikuri, Tu ideologiuri mimarTulebis matareblebi arian es<br />
qveynebi. amgvari ndobis arseboba saerTaSoriso satranzito proeqtebze<br />
molaparakebebis warmoebis sawyis etapze gansakuTrebiT miniSvnelovania.<br />
dRes moqmedi baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis da baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumis saerTaSoriso<br />
proeqtebis gansaxorcileblad mwarmoebeli qveyana (azerbaijani), satranzito qveynebi<br />
(saqarTvelo da TurqeTi) da mimRebi qveynebi (evrokavSiri da aSS) SeTanxmebulad<br />
12 amjamd engurhesis mier gaomuSavebuli eleqtto energia nawildeba 60/40 <strong>saqarTvelos</strong>a<br />
da afxazeTs Soros. 2008 wlis ivlisis monacemebiT engurhesi gamoimuSavebda 8,065<br />
milirad kilovat/saaTs, aqedan afxazeTis moxmareba iyo 2,182 miliardi kil;ovat/saaTi.<br />
www.esco.ge<br />
13 samxreT oseTi elqtroenergias da gazs danarCeni saqartvelosgan iRebs gazis wliuri moxmareba 12<br />
milioni m3, aseve mcirea elqtro<strong>energiis</strong> moxmareba. rusuli <strong>wyaroebis</strong> mtkicebiT samxreT oseTs<br />
konfliqtis Semdeg arc eleqtoenergia arc gazi ar miewodeba.<br />
14 ruseTis mxridan samxreT oseTis mimarTulebiT eleqtrogadamcemi xazis da gazsadenis mSenebloba<br />
dawyebulia. gazsadenis mSeneblobis damTavreba navarudevia 2009 wlis ivnisisaTvis.<br />
15 teroristuli aqtebi <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s meTauris mimarT (1995 da 1998), afeTqebebi energetikul<br />
obieqtebze da gadamcem xazebze (2000, 2002 da 2004)<br />
16 mag. siriam iran – erayis omis dros iranis mxare daikava da misi TxovniT gadaketa erayis<br />
navTobsadeni, romelic mis teritoriaze gadioda. siriis am qmedebam bazarze fasebis uecari zrda<br />
gamoiwvia.<br />
6<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
muSaobdnen. im periodSi ruseTis mxridan didma winaaRmdegobam, mxareebis politikur<br />
elitebs Soris (azerbaijani, saqarTvelo, TurqeTi) sruli Tanxmobisa da<br />
urTierTndobis gamo, am proeqtebis ganxorcieleba ver Seaferxa. am proeqtebis<br />
ganxorcielebas xeli imanac Seuwyo, rom ruseTi im dros ekonomikurad susti<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong> iyo, romelic, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> msgavsad, Tavadac teritoriuli<br />
danawevrebis safrTxis winaSe idga. amdenad, is winaaRmdegobas regionSi dasavleTis<br />
aqtiur ekonomikur eqspansias ver uwevda.<br />
2008 wlis agvistos movlenebi<br />
2008 wlis agvistos ruseTis mier <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli<br />
samxedro moqmedebebis dros arc erTi saerTaSoriso milsadeni (baqo-Tbilisijeihani<br />
17 , baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumi 18 , baqo-sufsa) da <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> Sida energo<br />
infrastruqtura ar dazianebula (Tumca, saerTaSoriso milsadenebis siaxloves<br />
ramdenime saaviacio Wurvi Camovarda). savaraudod, rusul aviacias milsadenebis<br />
dazianebis brZaneba rom hqonoda, ramdenime dRiani dabobvebis Sedegad amas<br />
moaxerxebda. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom ruseTs milsadenebis<br />
dazianebis ganzraxva ar hqonia. ramdenime aTeuli Wurvis Camogdeba milsadenebis<br />
mimdebare teritoriaze SeiZleba aRqmuli iqnas rogorc gafrTxileba<br />
energoresursebis mwarmoebeli da momxmarebeli qveynebis mimarT, rom:<br />
• saqarTvelo ar aris usafTxo qveyana resursebis tranzitisaTvis;<br />
• saqarTveloze gamavali milsadenebis usafrTxeoba damokidebulia mis keTil<br />
nebaze;<br />
• mxolod satelituri meTvalyureobiT maTi dacva SeuZlebelia;<br />
rusuli samxedro agresiis drois SerCeva - saerTaSoriso viTareba<br />
ruseT-<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> omi Semdeg movlenebs daemTxva:<br />
saerTaSoriso finansuri-ekomomikuri aspeqti: dasavleTSi daiwyo inflaciuri<br />
procesebi, recesia da finansuri krizisi, romlis gadaWra da Sedegebis lokalizeba<br />
mTeli ganviTarebuli samyaros Zalebis koncentracias moiTxovda. qarTul-rusuli<br />
konfliqti am yvelaferTan SedarebiT nakleb mniSvnelovani iyo.<br />
saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebis aspeqti: avRaneTSi da eraySi mimdinare procesebis gamo<br />
stabilizaciis miRweva ruseTis TanamSromlobis gareSe ver xerxdeba. ruseTis roli<br />
Zalze minSvenelovania iranisa da zogadad, axlo aRmosavleTSi politikis<br />
SemuSvebis procesSi.<br />
17 rusuli aviaciis mxridan warmoebuli dabombvebis dros baqo/Tbilisi/jeihanis navtobsadeni<br />
gaCerebuli iyo 2008 wlis 5 agvistos TurqeTis teritoriaze milsadenze momxdari xanZris gamo.<br />
18 25 agvistosaTvis orive milsadeni amoqmedda, baqo/sufsis milsadeni dRemde gaCerebulia.<br />
7<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
saerTaSoriso energetiuli bazari: saerTaSoriso energetikul bazarze arsebuli<br />
maRali fasebi ganviTarebul qveynebSi inflaciur procesebs ganapirobebs. ruseTi<br />
navTobis nomer pirveli eqsportioria (10 milioni bareli dReSi). ruseTive<br />
uzrunvelyofs evrokavSiris gazis moxmarebis 25%-s da importis 40%-s (wliurad<br />
130 miliardi m3). am cifrebTan SedarebiT baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis (800 aTasi bareli<br />
dReSi) da baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumis (6 miliaridi m3) SesaZleblobebi mokrZalebulia.<br />
saerTaSoriso bazarze rusuli navTobisa da gzis Canacvleba Zalian rTulia,<br />
vinaidan energoresursebis danarCen mwarmoebel qveynebSi zewarmoebis potenciali ar<br />
aris. ruseTs navTobisa da gazis miwodebis SemcirebiT SeuZlia saerTaSoriso<br />
bazarze fasebis ukontrolo agdeba gamoiwvios, rasac ganviTarebul qveynebSi<br />
inflaciuri da recesiuri procesebis gaRrmaveba moyveba.<br />
aSS: mimdnareobs winasaarCevno procesis bolo faza. politikuri elita Sida<br />
procesebiT aris dakavebuli. warmaval administracias ar SeuZlia gadamwyveti<br />
nabijebi saprezidento kandidatebTan SeTanxemebis gareSe gadadgas, raTa politikuri<br />
pasuxismgeblobis gaziarebis wyveta ar moxdes.<br />
regionuli mdgomareoba - strategiuli jaWvi azerbaijani-saqarTvelo-TurqeTi<br />
samxreTkavkasiuri satranzito energetikuli proeqtebis amoqmedebis Semdeg heidar<br />
alievis, SevardanaZisa da demirelis strategiuli partnioroba aRar arsebobs. aSSs<br />
mier eraySi samxedro kampaniis dawyebis Semdeg TurqeTis da ruseTis interesebi<br />
erTmaneTs daemTxva (gansakuTrebiT, Savi zRvis auzSi usafrTxoebis sakiTxebze).<br />
azerbaijani ruseTTan, aSS-sTan da iranTan dabalansebul <strong>politika</strong>s atarebs.<br />
saqarTvelo-ruseTis konfliqtis dros azerbaijanma navTobis tvirTebi baqonovorosiiskis<br />
milsadenze gadaamisamarTa, romlis operatorobasac mas ruseTi<br />
sTavazobs. azerbaijanuli navTobis tvirTebis nawili rkinigziT iranis<br />
mimarTulebiT wavida.<br />
azerbaijan-ruseTis urTierTobaSi axali aspeqtebi gaCnda azerbaijanuli gazis<br />
mxrivac. rusuli kompania gazpromi dainterebulia azerbaijanis mier warmoebuli<br />
mTeli gazi sabazro fasebSi Seisyidos. amis Taobaze 2008 wlis ivnisSi dawyebuli<br />
molaparakebebi jer ar dasrulebula. azerbaijansa da saerTaSoriso konsorciums<br />
Soris arsebuli produqciis ganawilebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT, Sax-denizis proeqtSi<br />
azerbaijanis <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> wili 80%-ia, danarCeni 20% saerTaSoriso konsorciums<br />
ekuTvnis. swored am gazis Sesyidva surs gazproms. ruseT-azerbaijans Soris gazis<br />
Sesyidvaze SeTanxmeba jer Tu ar momxdara, es imas ar niSnavs, rom aseTi SeTanxmeba<br />
momavalSi ar Sedgeba. dRes ruseTs mieca sababi azerbaijans umtkicos, rom<br />
saqarTveloze gamavali gza usafrTxo ar aris. igi azerbaijans gazis evropaSi<br />
gatanis alternatiul gzas Tavisi teritoriis gavliT sTavazobs.<br />
Azerbaijanic dainteresebulia meti sifrTxile gamoiCinos da Tavisi gazis<br />
evrokavSirSi transportirebis alternatiuli gza eZebos. Tu gazpromi misaReb<br />
pirobebs SesTavazebs, is, savaraudod, dadebiTi gadawyvetileba miiRebs. igi,<br />
8<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
ogorc mwarmoebeli, isevea dainterebsuli transportirebis alternatiuli gzebiT,<br />
rogorc momxmarebeli qveynebi arian dainteresebuli resursebis miRebis<br />
alternatiuli wyaroebiT.<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> politikuri xelmZRvaneloba regionSi ruseTis sawinaaRmdego<br />
koaliciis liderobas Tavis Tavze iRebs 19 , riTac kaspiispireTisa da evrokavSiris<br />
politikuri elitis SeSfoTebas iwvevs, rac sruliad gasagebia, radgan satranzito<br />
qveynis mier regionis udidesi <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s gamowveva samxreT kavkasiaze gamaval<br />
satranzito gzebs safrTxes uqmnis.<br />
yazaxeTi, uzbekeTi, TurqmeneTi: aRmosavleT kaspiispireTis es qveynebi ruseTis<br />
strategiuli partniorebi arian rogorc dsT-Si, ise koleqtiuri usafrTxoebisa da<br />
Sanxais organizaciaSi. maTi navTobisa da gazis saeqsporto gzebi ruseTze gadis da<br />
ruseTTan miRweuli SeTanxmebebiT kmayofilebi arian. garda amisa, navTobis<br />
transportirebisaTvis alternatiuli satranzito gza kontinenturi CineTis 20 da<br />
iranis mimarTulebebiT 21 maT ukve ganviTarebuli aqvT. Sendeba gazsadenebic 22 .<br />
amdenad, aRmosavleT kaspiispireTis qveynebis saeqsporto gzebi diverisficirebulia<br />
da maTTvis dasavleTis saeqsporto mimarTuleba sasicocxlod miniSvnelovani ar<br />
aris (imdenad mainc, rom strategiul partniors, ruseTs daupirispirdnen).<br />
yazaxeTi, amave dros, saqarTveloSi erT-erTi umsxvilesi investoria. bolo dros<br />
ganviTarebuli molenebis gamo ramdenime msxvili sainvesticio proeqtis<br />
ganxorcielebaze man ukve uari ganacxada (baTumSi navtobgadamamuSavebeli qarxnis<br />
mSenebloba da marcvleulis terminali). yazaxeTis parlementma 2008 wlis ivnisSi<br />
baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadeniT wliurad 20 milioni tona navTobis<br />
transportirebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba miiiRo. jerjerobiT, yazaxur mxares es<br />
gadawyvetileba ar Seucvlia.<br />
evrokavSiri da nabuqos proeqti<br />
TurqeTis gavliT evrokavSiris mimarTulebiT ramdenime gazsadenis proeqti arsebobs.<br />
maT Soris, aSS-s mxridan gansakuTrebuli mxardaWeriT nabuqos gazsadenis proeqti<br />
sargeblobs, romelic TurqeTSi iwyeba, saberZneTSi gadadis da iqidan, aRmosavleT<br />
evropis gavliT, avstriisaken miemarTeba. proeqtis mizani aRmosavleT evropis<br />
19 energetikaSi es odesa-brodis navTobsadenis promotirebaSi aisaxeba, romlis mizanic rusuli<br />
navTobisaTvis aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis bazris wilis warTmevaa.<br />
20 igulisxmeba artasu-alaSonkous gza, romlis wliuri gamtaroba 30 milion tonamde SeiZleba<br />
gaizardos. yazaxeTi rusul kompaniebs sTavazobs, es gza rusuli navTobis CineTisken<br />
transportirebisaTvis gamoiyenon, vinaidan maT am mimarTulebaze jer milsadeni ara aqvT.<br />
21 iranis mimarTulebiT transportireba sazRvao tankerebiT iranis port nekamde xdeba, romlis<br />
wliuri gamtarobac 12 milioni tonaa. tvirTebis gatana rkinigziTac warmoebs.<br />
22 CineT-TurqmeneTs Soris miRweuli SeTanxmeba TurqmeneTis gazis sabado iolatanidan CineTamde 30<br />
miliardi m3 gazsadenis mSeneblobas iTvaliswinebs. TurqmeneTs iranTan wliuri 10 miliardi m3<br />
gamtarobis gazsadenic akavSirebs, romelic kidev SeiZleba gaizardos.<br />
9<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
qveynebis gaziT momaragebis 23 diversificirebaa. nabuqoSi wilis 50% am qveynebis<br />
sadistribucio kompaniebs ekuTvniT (Botash, Bulgargaz, Mol, OMV Gas, RWE AG,<br />
Transgas 24 ), danarCeni 50% gazis mwarmoebeli qveynebisaTvis an saerTaSoriso<br />
kompaniebisTvis aris gamiznuli. am milsadenis gaziT uzrunvelyofaSi erT-erTi<br />
mTavari moTamaSe SeiZleba azerbaijani iyos.<br />
Tu azerbaijansa da ruseTs Soris gazis Sesyidvis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba moxdeba,<br />
nabuqos proeqtis mTavari damtvirTavi azerbaijani veRar gaxdeba. es valdebuleba<br />
Sax-denizis saerTaSoriso konsorciumsa (baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumis milsadens)<br />
daekisreba. rogorc azerbaijanuli mxaris, ise konsorciumis azriT, aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />
baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumis milsadenis sruli datvirTviT amuSaveba Sax-denizis meore<br />
fazis amoqmedebis Semdegac gaZneldeba. movlenebis amgvarad gavniTarebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />
saukeTeso gamosavali transkaspiuri gazsadenis aSeneba iqneba, Tumca amas<br />
seriozulad aferxebs is, rom kaspiis zRvis statusi jerjerobiT isev<br />
gadauwyvetelia. <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier baqo-Tbilisi-ezrumidan maqsimaluri mogebis<br />
miReba ki, mxolod misi sruli datvirTviT iqneba SesaZlebeli.<br />
nabuqos gazsadeni SeiZleba mainc daitvirTos iranuli, erayuli da egviptidan<br />
momavali gasadenebiT, romelTa nawili ukve arsebobs (irani-TurqeTi),<br />
daproeqtebaSia (erayi-TurqeTi), an gadawyvetileba aris miRebuli (egvipte-TurqeTi).<br />
rusul-qarTuli konfliqtis fonze gaZlierda ruseTis da iranis satranzito<br />
mimarTuleba. swored am mimarTulebebze gadanawilda azerbaijanis da yazaxeTis<br />
navTobis tvirTebi. azerbaijanuli gazis Sesyidvis Sesaxeb ruseT-azerbaijanis<br />
molaparakebebi jer damTavrubuli ar aris. mxareebi TiTqos ukve SeTanmxmdnen gazis<br />
gacvlaze. kerZod, azerbaijani ruseTs gazs daRestanSi miawvdis, samagierod, ruseTi<br />
azerbaijans gazs miawvdis sokaris mier TurqeTSi Sesyiduli qimkombinatis Petkim–is<br />
uzrunvelsayofad, sadac am ukanasknels 51% ekuTvnis. Amgvarad, am gadawyvetilebiT<br />
azerbaijan-ruseTis damakavSirebeli gazsadeni, romelic 2007 wlamde rusul gazs<br />
awvdida azerbaijans, reversulad amuSavdeba 25 .<br />
iranis stranzito mimarTuleba, iran-dasavleTs Soris urTierTobebis mowesrigebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, kidev ufro gaZlierdeba. TurqmeneTidan iranSi 10 miliardi m3 wliuri<br />
gamtarobis gazsadeni ukve Sedis. SesaZloa, misi gamtarobis ufro gaizardos, an<br />
igive trasaze axali ufro didi gamtarobis gazsadeni iqnas gayvanili. TurqmeneTis<br />
gazis garkveuli raodenobis irani-TurqeTis damakavSirebeli gazsadenis saSualebiT<br />
gatanis SemTxvevaSi Tavidan iqneboda acilebuli kaspiis zRvis statusis gadaWris<br />
sakiTxi, rac transkaspiri gazsadenis aSenebas dRemde aferxebs.<br />
irani satranzito mimarTulebis gasaZliereblad aqtiurad muSaobs. iranis<br />
energetikis ministris moadgilis aqbar tokanis gancxadebiT, is TurqeTis gavliT<br />
gazsadenis aSenebas apirebs, romelic, savaraudod, 4 miliardi aSS dolari dajdeba<br />
23 am qveynebs gaziT amaragebs ruseTi, maT gazis sxva wyaro ar gaaCniaT.<br />
24 eseni arian evropuli masStabis sadistribucio kompniebi moqmedi TurqeTSi, bulgareTSi, ungreTSi,<br />
avstriaSi, germaniaS, rumineTSi<br />
25 da mxolod drosa da viTarebaze iqneba damokidebuli ra datvirTviT imuSavebs.<br />
10<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
da saberZneTi-italia-Sveicariis mimarTulebiT wliurad 37 miliard m3 gazs<br />
gaatarebs. iranuli gazi aRmosavleT evropis bazarze ar Seva da rusul gazs<br />
konkurencias ar Seuqmnis. mas sul sxva momxmareblebi eyoleba dasavleT evropaSi.<br />
aqbar tokanis gancxadebiT, iranis mxares ukve dasrulebuli aqvs molaparakeba erT<br />
evropul kompaniasTn, romelic potenciurad am gazsadenis operatori unda gaxdes 26 .<br />
daskvna<br />
ruseT-<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> konfliqtma cxadyo, rom regionSi ruseTis, rogorc<br />
geopolitikuri moTamaSis aqtivebi aSkarad gaizarda 27 . gaizarda misi gavlenac<br />
satranzito gadawyvetilebebze. iranis garda ruseTma strategiuli urTierTobebis<br />
ganviTareba TurqeTTanac moaxerxa da TurqeTsa da somxeTs Soris Suamavloba,<br />
urTierTobebis mowesrigebis mizniT, Tavis Tavze aiRo. TurqeT-somxeTis daaxloebis<br />
procesi imdenad swrafad wavida, rom abdula gulis somxeTSi vizitidan daaxloebiT<br />
Tvenaxevris Semdeg miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba somxeTidan TurqeTSi<br />
eleqtro<strong>energiis</strong> eqsportis Sesaxeb.<br />
ruseTma SesaZloa mTiani yarabaxis mowesrigebis procesSic iTamaSos dadebiTi roli,<br />
rac regionSi mis geopolitikur gavlenas kidev ufro gazrdis. Sesabamisad,<br />
gaizrdeba misi roli satranzito proeqtebze gadawyvetilebis miRebis proceszec.<br />
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ararelevanturia mtkiceba imis Sesaxeb, rom samxreT<br />
kavkasiur saerTaSoriso proeqtebze aRmosavleT kaspiispireTis resursebis (yazaxuri<br />
navTobi da Turqmenuli gazi) mibma iseve realurad ganxorcielebadia, rogorc baqo-<br />
Tbilisi-jeihanisa da baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumis proeqtebi, rom ruseTi am proeqtebsac<br />
ewinaaRmdegeboda, magram maTi ganxorcieleba mainc moxerda. sakiTxis amgvarad<br />
dasmis dros unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli is faqti, rom ukve arsebul satranzito<br />
proeqtebze muSaobis dros regionSi 28 , saerTaSoriso energetikul bazarze 29 ,<br />
evrokavSirsa da aSS-Si sul sxva viTareba iyo, kerZod:<br />
• ruseTi iyo politikurad, ekonomikurad da finansurad dasustebuli<br />
<strong>saxelmwifo</strong>, romelic kaspiispireTis qvynebs veranair alternativas ver<br />
sTavazobda;<br />
• kaspiispiretis qveynebs CineTisa da iranis mimarTulebiT resursebis<br />
altenatiuli transportirebis saSualeba ar hqondaT da konkurencia<br />
satranzito mimarTulebebze ar iyo;<br />
• Seiqmna azerbaijan-saqarTvelo-TurqeTis strategiuli jaWvi, romelic<br />
unisonSi muSaobda aSS administraciasTan.<br />
26 Bulletin de l’Industrie Petrolier, Septembre 26, 2008<br />
27 axal realobaSi ruseTi TurqeT-somxeTis da potenciurad, azerbaian-somxeTis urTierTobebis<br />
mowesrigebaSi Suamavlad gamodis.<br />
28 kaspiispireTis qveynebi dasavleTTan TanamSromlobiken Tavadve iswrafodnen.<br />
29 saerTaSorio energetikul bazarze navTobsa da gazze fasebi Zalze dabali iyo. 1 barel navTobze<br />
fasi 10-18 aSS dolaris farglebSi, rusuli gazis fasi evropis bazarze 1000 m3-ze maqsimum 120-<br />
150 aSS dolari iyo.<br />
11<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
amJamad:<br />
• didi konkurenciaa satranzito gzebze da samxreT kavkasiuri mimarTuleba<br />
eqskluziuri aRar aris;<br />
• ruseTma kaspiispireTis qveynebTan (maT Soris azerbaijanTan da TurqeTTan)<br />
urTierTobis ena gamoZebna da maT misaReb winadadebebs sTvazobs;<br />
• samxreT kavkasiis satranzito infrastruqturis usafrTxoeba ruseTis keTil<br />
nebaze aRmoCnda damokidebuli. regionSi stabilurobis SenarCunebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT ruseTis roli gaizarda;<br />
• dasavleTi Rrma finansur ekonomikur kriziss ganicdis, romlis daZlevac did<br />
saerTaSoriso Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, ruseTTan TanamSromlobis CaTvliT,<br />
• ruseTis roli saerTaSoriso energetikul bazarze fasebis daregulirebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT Zalze mniSvnelovania.<br />
sasurveli iqneboda, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xlisuflebas ruseTTan urTierTobebis warmoebis<br />
dros, Secvlili saerTaSoriso da regionuli geopolitikuri konteqsti da<br />
saerTaSoriso energetikul bazarze arsebuli viTareba gaeTvaliswinebina.<br />
Tu <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> xelisuflebas surs, qveyanam aRmosavleT-dasavleTis<br />
damakavSirebeli satranzito funqcia SeinarCunos, man saswrafod unda gadadgas<br />
nabijebi qvyanaSi Sida politikuri da regionuli stabilurobis aRsadgenad,<br />
ruseTTan pirdapiri molaparebebi awarmoos (ramdenad mZimec ar unda iyos es) 30 da<br />
miRebul Sedegze pasuxismgeboba Tavis Tavze aiRos. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, arsebuli<br />
saerTaSoriso proeqtebi sruli datvirTviT ver amuSavdeba, axali satranzito<br />
proeqtebis ganxorcielebaze ki laparakic aRar iqneba.<br />
liana jervaliZe, eqsperti energetikis sakiTxebSi<br />
30 Tu evrokavSiris patronaJiT warmoebuli molaparakebebi ruseTTan warumatebeli iqneba<br />
(saqarTvelo teritorebis ver daibrunebs, ruseTi samxedro bazebs ganalagebs cxinvalsa da<br />
afxazeTSi, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> nato-Si integraciis procesi win ar wava), SesaZloa, qveynaSi politikuri<br />
veqtori Seicvalos.<br />
12<br />
angariSi moamzada `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelom~ BP<br />
<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mier dafinansebuli proeqtis farglebSi. angariSi ar<br />
asaxavs donoris mosazrebebs
Change language