d i s e r t a c i a

avtoris stili daculia 

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti 

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti 

kavkasiologiis instituti 

leila aviZba 

adamianis anatomia-fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika 

afxazur enaSi 

filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili 

d i s e r t a c i a 

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, 

profesori Teimuraz gvancelaZe 

Tbilisi 

2011

sarCevi 

Sesavali...............................................................................................................................................................................3 

adamianis anatomia-fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli afxazuri leqsikis 

kvlevis mokle istoria ....................................................................................................................................8 

Tavi I. adamianis sxeulis nawilebis amsaxveli terminebi..........................................24 

Tavi II. daavadebebTan da mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika................80 

1. daavadebaTa saxelwodebani.....................................................................................................................80 

2. samkurnalo saSualebaTa saxelwodebani..............................................................................107 

3. daavadebaTa da samkurnalo saSualebaTa saxelebis morfologiuri 

modelebi........................................................................................................................................................................120 

Tavi III. fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika.............................................................126 

daskvna..............................................................................................................................................................................145 

gamoyenebuli literatura...........................................................................................................................152 

danarTebi.......................................................................................................................................................................161 

2

Sesavali 

sadisertacio naSromis mecnieruli siaxle. afxazuri enis 

mecnieruli kvlevis istoria iwyeba 1862 wels TbilisSi rusul enaze 

gamocemuli petre uslaris gramatikuli mimoxilviT, romelSic 

aRwerilia enis fonologiuri sistemis, morfologiis, sintaqsisa da 

leqsikuri Semadgenlobis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. 

am naSroms didi mniSvneloba aqvs im TvalsazrisiT, rom is iyo 

enis struqturis aRweris pirveli cda, magram p. uslaris wigns bevri 

uzustobac hqonda (magaliTad, uslari gamoyofs brunebaTa sistemas), 

rac ganpirobebulia imiT, rom avtori klasikuri lingvistikis mimdevari 

iyo da, meore, pirvel cdazeve enis amomwuravi aRwera SeuZlebelia. 

p. uslaris Semdgom afxazuri enis leqsikis kvlevis saqmeSi 

seriozuli wvlili Seitana petre Waraiam, romlis naSromSic sakmaod 

maRal akademiur donezea gamokvleuli afxazuri enis ZiriTadi 

leqsikuri fondis sakmaod didi nawilis genetikuri kavSiri qarTvelur 

leqsikasTan, agreTve gamovlenilia sxva enebidan momdinare nasesxobanic. 

afxazuri da afxazur-abazuri leqsikis kvlevis saqmeSi 

gansakuTrebuli wvlili aqvs or did afxazologs: akad. qeTevan 

lomTaTiZesa da akad. JorJ diumezils, romlebmac aTwleulebis 

ganmavlobaSi Seqmnil naSromebSi detalurad gaarkvies afxazur enaSi 

warmodgenili mravali sityvis struqtura, warmomavloba da istoria. 

afxazuri da afxazur-abazuri dargobrivi leqsikis aqtualur 

sakiTxebs eZRvneba l. Wkaduas, x. bRaJbas, k. Sayrilis, S. arisTavas, s. 

amiWbas, v. amiWbas, v. konjarias, a. xecias, z. xibas, n. arSbas, e. kilbas, r. 

kliCevis, s. pazovis, a. Sagirovis, g. rogavas, r. janaSias, T. gvancelaZis, 

n. maWavarianisa da sxvaTa naSromebi. 

miuxedavad afxazuri enis leqsikaze momuSave mkvlevarTa 

simravlisa, dRemde monografiulad ar gamokvleula adamianis anatomiafiziologiasTan 

da mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika. aqedan 

gamomdinare Cveni naSromi aRniSnuli leqsikis monografiuli kvlevis 

pirveli mcdelobaa. 

3

sadisertacio naSromis aqtualuroba. afxazur enaSi adamianis 

sxeulis nawilebis, fiziologiis, daavadebebisa da samkurnalo 

saSualebebis amsaxveli leqsika saukuneTa manZilze iqmneboda. magram 

aRniSnuli leqsikis etimologia, sityvawarmoeba, gamoyenebis areali 

TiTqmis ar aris Seswavlili da aRwerili. 

Cven mier Seswavlili leqsikis didi nawili dRes metyvelebaSi 

rusuli terminebiT aris Canacvlebuli. Cveni kvlevis aqtualurobas 

ganapirobebs is, rom aqamde srulad ar yofila moZiebuli da 

Seswavlili afxazuri enis leqsikis es mniSvnelovani fena, romelic 

adamianis anatomia-fiziologiasTan aris dakavSirebuli, ar aris 

gansazRvruli am dargis sityvebis funqcionirebis meqanizmebi da 

gamoyenebis aqtiurobis xarisxi; ar aris Seswavlili maTi umravlesobis 

warmomavloba da warmoqmnis gzebi. 

garda amisa, Tanamedrove lingvistur afxazologiaSi leqsikis am 

fenis monografiulad daumuSavebloba arTulebs leqsikologiisa da 

leqsikografiis Teoriuli da praqtikuli sakiTxebis damuSavebas. 

saanalizo leqsikis kompleqsur Seswavlas ara marto praqtikuli, 

aramed Teoriuli mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan TviT problema mWidro 

kavSirSia afxazuri enis warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis sakiTxebTan. 

zemoT aRniSnuli sakiTxebi gansazRvraven sadisertacio kvlevis 

aqtualurobas. 

naSromis miznebi. winamdebare naSromis miznebia: 

_ adamianis sxeulis nawilebis saxelwodebaTa, daavadebebTan, 

mkurnalobasTan da fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli afxazuri leqsikis 

sistematizeba, aRwera da kvalifikacia; 

_ Zireuli (sakuTriv afxazuri) da nasesxebi leqsikis gamijvna; 

_ Zireul sityvaTa saxeldebis (nominaciis) motivebis dadgena; 

_ terminTa amosavali fonetikuri da morfologiuri struqturis 

garkveva; 

_sityvawarmoebis xerxebis gamovlena; 

_ afxazur enaSi nasesxeb terminTa fonetikuri adaptaciis 

TaviseburebaTa gamovlena; 

4

_ sakvlevi dargobrivi leqsikis gavrcelebis arealisa da maTi 

funqcionirebis sferoebis dadgena. 

kvlevis meTodologia. sakiTxis Sesaswavlad gamoyenebulia 

aRweriTi (sinqroniuli) da istoriul-SedarebiTi (diaqroniuli) kvlevis 

meTodebi. problemis damuSavebis xarisxi. 

adamianis anatomia-fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli afxazuri 

leqsikis sinqroniuli da diaqroniuli Seswavlis, agreTve am leqsikis 

monaTesave enaTa leqsikasTan mimarTebis sakiTxebs specialurad sul 

oriode naSromi exeba. esenia: q. lomTaTiZis statia “xelisa da fexis 

aRmniSvnel fuZeTa istoriisaTvis afxazur-adiRur enebSi da zogi 

saTanado qarTveluri fuZis sakiTxi” (ike, t. XV, Tbilisi, 1966), misive 

“afxazuri altGJGჳa (“laviwi”) sityvis etimologiisaTvis (afxazuri -s 

warmomavlobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT)” (smam, t. 76, #1, 1974), s. amiWbas 

““afxazur-abazur enaTa leqsika” (Fvz-9]f C. F. F9cef-f,fpf ,spi`f6`f 

hkt6cbrf. 1$#4> F7`f). arsebobs agreTve afxazi da qarTveli mecnierebis 

ramdenime naSromi, romlebic pirdapir Tu irib SexebaSi arian Cvens 

sakvlev TemasTan. 

vrceli terminologiuri masala mocemulia p. kviwinias avtorobiT 

1997 wels soxumSi gamocemul afxazurenovan “adamianis anatomiaSi”, 

romelic gankuTvnilia samedicino fakultetebis studentTaTvis. 

aRniSnuli wigni saintereso sakvlev wyaros warmoadgens 

lingvistebisTvisac. 

Cven mier ganxiluli masala sxvadasxva wyaroebidan aris 

mopovebuli. calkeuli terminebi gvxvdeba kavkasiis saimperatoro 

samedicino sazogadoebis mier gamocemul wignSi, romlis avtori 

gaxlavT k. Sablovski (Sablovski, 1886). avtori ramdenime weli afxazeTSi 

cxovrobda. mis mier aRwerili xalxur medicinaSi gamoyenebuli 

samkurnali mcenareebi da maTi dasamzadebeli receptebi CvenTvis 

leqsikologiuri kuTxiT iyo saintereso. 

disertaciaze muSaobis dros Seswavlil iqna afxazuri 

samwignobro enis, abJuuri da bzifuri dialeqtebis masala, terminTa 

5

amJamindeli semantika da morfologiuri struqtura, gaimijna Zireuli 

da nasesxebi leqsika, gamovlinda sakuTriv afxazuri, afxazur-abazuri, 

afxazur-adiRuri, afxazur-qarTveluri da saerTo iberiul-kavkasiuri 

leqsika. dadginda terminTa didi nawilis amosavali struqtura da 

Tavdapirveli semantika, momxdari fonetikuri da semantikuri 

cvlilebebi; am dargobrivi jgufis leqsikis gamoyeneba frazeologiaSi. 

kvlevis empiriuli baza. naSromSi gamoyenebuli da gaanalizebuli 

afxazuri leqsikuri masala, romelic 351 erTeuls Seadgens, amokrebilia 

sxvadasxva leqsikonidan, erTi nawili mopovebulia afxazeTSi savele 

eqspediciebis dros, xolo sityvaTa semantikis damadasturebeli 

sailustracio tipuri winadadebebi da frazeologia amowerilia 

gamocemuli folkloruli da mxatvruli teqstebidan. 

rac Seexeba sxva enaTa (qarTvelur, adiRur, ubixur, Tuqul, 

rusul) leqsikas, isini amokrebilia leqsikonebidan, an sxva avtorTa 

gamokvlevebidan. 

kvlevis Sedegebis aprobacia. 

naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. 

javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univrsitetis 

humanitaruli fakultetis kavkasiologiis institutSi. 

naSromSi warmodgenili ZiriTadi debulebebi da daskvnebi 

wakiTxuli iyo sxvadasxva samecniero sesiebze, gamoqveynebulia 

statiebisa da Tezisebis saxiT: 

1 

. 

2 

. 

3 

. 

2001 afxazuri enis 

dargobrivi leqsika 

(samkurnalo 

mcenareTa 

saxelwodebebi) 

2004 xalxuri medicinis 

zogierTi terminis 

SeswavlisaTvis 

2004 xalxur medicinaSi 

gamoyenebuli leqsika 

“afxazeTis moambe” 

Tbilisis kulturisa da 

xelovnebis saxelmwifo 

universitetis samecniero 

Sromebis krebuli 

kavkasiologiuri 

krebuli, Tbilisi 

statia 

statia 

statia 

6

(afxazi qalebis 

cxovrebis ramdenime 

4 

. 

aspeqti) 

2010 К названиям некоторых 

частей тела человека в 

абхазском языке 

Синергетическая лингвистика 

Лингвистическая синергетика. 

Материалы международной 

Tezisi 

научно-практической 

5 

2010 gulis აRmniSvneli 

Ziris Semcveli 

конференции (Пермь, апрель) 

lingvisturi 

qarTvelologiisa da 

statia 

. 

rTulfuZiani sityvebi 

afxazur enaSi 

afxazologiis problemebi, 

t. II 

6 

. 

2010 daavadebebis 

aRmniSvneli zogierTi 

filologiuri paralelebi. 

samecniero Sromebis 

სტატია 

7 

. 

terminisaTvis 

afxazur enaSi 

2011 Морфологические 

модели названий 

лекарственных 

средств и 

болезней в 

абхазском 

krebuli@#2 პარალელები. 

Eurasia Academic Publishers 

Journal “Acta Linguistica” T. 5, 

№ 1 (2011) (Bulgaria, Sophia) 

სტატია 

7

adamianis anatomia-fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli afxazuri 

leqsikis kvlevis mokle istoria 

afxazuri ena abazurTan erTad ganekuTvneba iberiul-kavkasiur 

enaTa afxazur-adiRur jgufs, romelSic Sedis agreTve adiReuryabardouli 

(Cerqezuli) da ubixuri enebi. 

afxazuri da abazuri enebi lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT erT 

enobriv erTeuls warmoadgenen; maT aerTianebs fonetikuri sistemis, 

gramatikuli wyobis da saleqsikono fondis erToblioba. magram 

teritoriuli dacilebisa da saliteraturo enebisTvis sxvadasxva 

damwerlobis gamoyenebis gamo ganasxvaveben afxazurs da abazur enebs. 

afxazur-abazuri enobrivi erToblioba oTxi ZiriTadi dialeqtiTaa 

warmodgenili: ori samxreTis dialeqti (afxazuri) – abJuuri da 

bzifuri, ori CrdiloeTis (abazuri) – tapanTuri da aSxaruli. 

dialeqtebs Soris gansxvaveba ZiriTadad fonetikaSia. maT Soris 

gancalkevebiT dgas tapanTuri dialeqti; aSxaruli afxazur 

dialeqtebTan ufro axlos aris (lomTaTiZe, 101:1967). 

yvelaze meti sxvaoba afxazursa da abazurs Soris Tavs iCens 

fonetikaSi. magram miuxedavad saerTo fonologiur-gramatikulleqsikuri 

safuZvlisa, abazuri sakmaod gansxvavdeba afxazurisagan. Aamas 

ganapirobebs abazuris adiRur enaTa gavlenis qveS moqceva da afxazur 

da abazur samwerlobo enaTaA sxvadasxva dialeqtur erTeulebze 

dafuZneba-ganviTareba. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, afxazuri enis dialeqtebia abJuuri da 

bzifuri. DabJuuri dialeqtis SigniT sxvaoba naklebad SesamCnevia. 

abJuur TqmaTa Soris yvelaze arsebiTi sxvaoba warmodgenilia 

kbilbagismieri mkveTri ቀ spirantiT. es spiranti erTaderT a ቀ a “wvrili” 

sityvaSi daculia zogi soflis (Wlou, tamiSi) metyvelebaSi, sxvagan ki 

– gadasulia p xSulSi. 

afxazuri samwerlobo ena dafuZnebulia SedarebiT martivi 

fonologiuri sistemis mqone abJuur dialeqtze. 

8

zifuri dialeqti abJuur dialeqts ZiriTadad upirispirdeba 

mTeli rigi fonemebiT. abJuurisagan gansxvavebiT bzifuris kilokavebSi 

gvaqvs winaeniesmier spirantTa da afrikatTa sisin-SiSina rigebi ( 

) da Taviseburi faringaluri fSvinvieri spirantis martivi da 

labializebuli saxeobebi ( ). martiv sisin-SiSina sibilantTaA ( 

) mixedviT igi upirispirdeba abJuuris msgavsad abazur dialeqtebsac. 

bzifuri dialeqti abJuurTan sxvaobas avlens fonetikur 

procesebSic (umTavresad droebis warmoebisas) da calkeul leqsikur 

masalaSi. 

TviT bzifuri dialeqti iZleva kilokavuri dayofis metad Wrel 

suraTs. sxvaoba kilokavebs Soris ZiriTadad modis fonologiur 

sistemaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogi soflis metyvelebas emCneva 

narevoba TqmaTa mixedviT da, rom axalgazrdoba gadasulia samwerlobo 

enis martiv sistemaze, mainc xerxdeba am dialeqtis sakmaod gamokveTil 

teritoriul kilokavebad dayofa. am dayofis safuZvelia imave sisin- 

SiSina sibilantTa qona-arqonis faqti. 

bzifuri dialeqtis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania amosavali ჴ 

ჴG faringaluri xSulebis cvla da maT nacvlad spirantebis arseboba, 

isini abJuuri dialeqtisagan gansxvavebiT bzifuris yvela kilokavSi 

daturdeba. 

garda amisa, bzifuri dialeqtis niSandoblivi Taviseburebaa sisin- 

SiSina sibilantebis qona. swored maTi amJamad gamoyenebis mxriv xdeba 

kilokauri dayofa. es sibilantebia sisin-SiSina martivi da 

labializebuli . 

mTis soflebis (oThara, blaburxva. . .) yvelaze ukeT dacul 

metyvelebas kargad aqvs Semonaxuli yvela es specifikuri Tanxmovani. 

zogma kilokavma dakarga sisin-SiSina labializebuli spirantebi, zogSi 

ki es ukanasknelebi daculia, magram dakargulia martiv sisin-SiSina 

sibilantTa rigi. 

sisin-SiSina sibilantTa rigis mixedviT bzifur dialeqtSi 

gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi kilokavi: 

9

1. oTharis kilokavi, romelSic daculia bzifuri dialeqtis yvela 

fonema - . 

2. lixnis kilokavi, romelSic daculia (aklia ). 

3. aacis kilokavi, romelSic daculia (aklia ). 

martiv sisin-SiSina sibilantTa rigi garda bzifuri dialeqtisa 

dRes ar moipoveba arc erT sxva afxazur-abazur dialeqtsa Tu kilo- 

TqmaSi. 

rac Seexeba labializebul sisin-SiSina spirantebs, isini zog 

dialeqtSi aRarc gvxvdeba, magram udavod yvela afxazur-abazur 

dialeqts hqonda. AabJuurma dakarga isini, abJuuris kvals mihyveba 

bzifuri dialeqtis lixnis kilokavi. 

metad Taviseburia aacis kilokavis viTareba. martivi saxis sisin- 

SiSina sibilantTa uqonlobiT am kilokavis metyveleba gverdiT udgas 

abJuuri da abazuri dialeqtebis metyvelebas, magram, rogorc Cans, 

gansxvavebul amosavalTan gvaqvs saqme. amas aCveneben is refleqsebi, 

romlebic saTanado sisin-SiSina bgeraTa Sesatyvisad Camoyalibdnen, 

erTi mxriv, aSxarul-tapanTur-abJuurSi da, meore mxriv, aacis kilokavSi. 

aacis kilokavis viTareba ufro gviandeli Cans. 

abazurSi gamoiyofa ori dialeqti: tapanTuri da aSxaruli. 

(lomTaTiZe, 1976: 7) 

tapanTuri mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba sxva afxazur-abazuri 

dialeqtebisgan. Cven win aris sxvaoba imTaviTve arsebulic da Semdeg, 

sakuTari ganviTarebiT, Tu umTavresad sxva enis gavleniT SeZenilic. 

sxvaoba warmodgenilia fonetikaSi, morfologiaSi, sintaqssa da 

leqsikaSi. tapanTurs mTel rig movlenebSi ganviTarebis Taviseburi gza 

aqvs arCeuli. es sakmaod aSorebs mas piraqeTa dialeqtebisagan. 

piraqeTeli afxazisaTvis tapanTuri metyveleba gaugebaria. 

mTlad igive ar iTqmis aSxaruli dialeqtis Sesaxeb. ZiriTadad igi 

piraqeTa dialeqtebs misdevs. 

erTi mxriv, gvaqvs Zalze gansxvavebuli tapanTuri, xolo meore 

mxriv, SedarebiT erTmaneTTan ufro axlo mdgomi sxva danarCeni 

afxazur-abazuri dialeqtebi. 

10

didi sxvaoba, romelsac adgili aqvs aSxarul dialeqtSi, xSirad 

axali movlena Cans. 

aSxaruls bevri saerTo uCans tapanTurTanac. es ukve gamowveulia 

aSxarelebis tapanTelebTan mWidroAurTierTobiT. 

tapanTuri aSxaruls Tavisi Zlieri zegavlenis qveS aqcevs, amas 

xels uwyobs agreTve is, rom abazur saliteraturo enas safuZvlad 

tapanTuri dialeqti aqvs dadebuli... 

fonetikuri sistemis mixedviT, tapanTuri garkveul punqtSi iseve 

gansxvavdeba abJuurisagan, rogorc bzifurisagan, samagierod sxva 

SemTxvevebSi tapanTuri mihyveba abJuursa da aSxaruls. 

tapanTelebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebuli soflebia injik-Wkuni, 

yubina, elburgani, fsauWa-daxa, yarafagva, fsiJi, tapanTa, abazahabli, 

maloabazinski, krasni vostoki, yvaidani. 

agreTve tapanTelebi gvxvdebian, yabardoul sofel humara-Si 

(lomTaTiZe, 1944:8) 

tapanTur dialeqtSi ori kilokavi gamoiyofa: yubina-elburganisa 

(sadac Sedis injiq-Wkuni, fsauWa-daxa da yvela maTi gamonayofi soflebi) 

da fsiJ-krasnovostoCnisa. 

aseT dayofas mxars uWers ჵ Tanxmovnis refleqsebi. ჵ-s l-d qcevis 

tendencia mkveTrad Cans fsiJisa da krasnovostoCnis metyvelebaSi. 

garkveul SemTxvevebSi winaenismier labializebul spirantTa da 

afrikatTa sruli delabializacia damaxasiaTebelia rogorc 

krasnovostoCnis, ise fsiJis metyvelebisaTvis. 

fsiJ-krasnovostoCnis kilokavs gamoeyofa ori erTeuli: fsiJisa da 

krasnovostoCnisa. maTSi ki gamoiyofa calke Tqmebi. 

fsiJSi gamoiyofa e.w. labializebuli Tqmebi, romelTa mixedviTac 

igi mxars uWers yubina-elburganis kilokavs da delabializebuli Tqma. 

krasnovostoCniSi ki amaT garda SeiniSneba Taviseburi sustadlabializebili 

Tqma. es ukanaskneli umTavresad ufrosi Taobis 

metyvelebas axasiaTebs. 

labializacia-delabializaciis mixedviT tapanTuris kilokavebad 

warmogvidgeba: 

11

I. yubina-elburganis kilokavi (labializebuli) – soflebi: yubina, 

elburgani, injik-Wkuni, fsauWa-daxa, yarafagva, tapanTa, maloabazinski, 

abazahabli, humara; II. fsiJ-krasnovostoCnis kilokavi (delabializebuli) 

– soflebi: fsiJi, krasni vostoki, yvaidani (lomTaTiZe, 1944:12). 

rac Seexeba aSxarul dialeqts, igi warmoadgens metad rTuli 

Sedgenilobis dialeqtur erTeuls. masSi gamoiyofa ori ZiriTadi 

kilokavi: kuvinskisa da afsuisa, romlebic mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian 

erTmaneTisagan. 

ZiriTadi Taviseburebani, romelTa mixedviTac aRniSnuli 

kilokavebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan: 

afsuis kilokavSi arsebobs winaenismier SiSina labializebul 

spirantTa magari saxeobebi – SPG, JPG. kuvinskis kilokavSi (bzifuri 

dialeqtis msgavsad) arsebobs mxolod Cveulebrivi winaenismieri SiSina 

labializebuli spirantebi SG, JG. 

afsuis kilokavSi saxelis viTarebiT-gardaqceviTi formis 

mawarmoeblad gamoiyeneba sufiqsi -STa, kuvinskis kilokavSi ki -nM. 

afsuis kilokavSi rigi statikuri zmnis awmyos formaSi gvxvdeba 

sufiqsi –ut, kuvinskis kilokavSi ki – up. 

afsuis kilokavSi a xmovanze daboloebul zmnebSi drois 

daboloebis -a sufiqTan Sexvedrisas miiReba -u (...a+a=u), kuvinskisaSi 

ki miiReba (...a+a=). 

afsuis kilokavSi droTa daboloebebSi mravali fonetikuri 

varianti arsebobs, magaliTad: myofadis warmoebaSi Tanxmovanze da –K, - 

naxevarxmovnebze daboloebul zmnebSi -aSPt sufiqsis gvaqvs; fonetikur 

niadagze dakargulia finitobis -t sufiqsi da amasTanaa dakavSirebuli 

rigi cvlilebebi sufiqsaciaSi da sxv. am mxriv kuvinskis kilokavSi 

daculia ufro erTferovani da uZvelesi formebi. 

afsuis kilokavSi viTarebis garemoebis afiqsad zmnis infinitur 

warmoebebSi -aSP elementi gvxvdeba, kuvinskis kilokavSi ki - -SP elementi 

arsebobs. 

afsuis kilokavSi arsebobs meSveli zmna akGup||akGt da maTgan 

nawarmoebi kiTxviTi sityvebi zakGMda, zakGi, kuvinskis kilokavSi ki 

12

agreTve arsebobs meSveli zmna aup. es fuZe garda awmyosi, gamoiyeneba 

sxva droebSic (mag. on← “iyo”) da misgan iwarmoeba kiTxviTi sityvebi 

zauda, zaui.…am niadagze mxolod kuvinskis metyvelebisTvis 

damaxasiaTebelia zmnis rTuli kiTxviTi formebis warmoeba: iyauwozoK 

da sxva. 

afsuis kilokavSi absolutivis sawarmoeblad gamoiyeneba sufiqsi 

-STa, kuvinskis kilokavSi ki -STa sufiqsi absolutivis mxolod 

gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi (finitur fuZeze) gamoiyeneba. danarCen 

SemTxvevaSi absolutivis afiqsad sufiqsi -nM Semonaxuli. agreTve 

Semoinaxa absolutivis rTuli sufiqsi -STa-nM. 

sxvaoba SeiniSneba erTi da imave procesebis, gramatikuli 

movlenebis gavrcelebis masStabisa da moculobis mixedviTac, 

magaliTad: ჵa→aa, ჵG→L, dG TG tG → d T t; adgilis garemoebis –ay-, -ax˜elementebis 

gamoyenebis are; WPM Tandebulis gamoyenebis are da sxv. 

sxvaobas nawilobriv adgili aqvs leqsikuri Sedgenilobis mxrivac. 

miuxedavad zemoT aRniSnuli gansxvavebebis arsebobisa, afsuisa da 

kuvinskis kilokavebi mainc erT dialeqtad erTiandebian. saerTo 

movlenebi, romelTa mixedviT aRniSnuli kilokavebi erTiandebian da 

upirispirdebian sxva afxazur dialeqtebs, Semdegia: 

1. dG TG tG ena-kbilismieri xSuli sameulis delabializaciis 

tendencia da d T t-d qceva; 

2. srulxmovnobis dacva saerTod, kerZod – gaorkecebul fuZeebSi. 

3. xmovanTa daviwroeba an sruli reduqcia difTongebSi, 

4. saxelis gansazRvruli formis warmoeba –z sufiqsiT. 

5. CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebis da adgilis da viTarebis zmnisarTTa 

rTuli formebis arseboba. 

6. raodenobiTi da danawevrebiTi ricxviTi saxelebis Taviseburi 

formebi. 

7. WPM Tandebulis gamoyenebis aris gafarToeba. 

8. -u sufiqsis uqonloba statikuri zmnis awmyos rogorc adamianTa 

klasis, ise nivTTa klasis kiTxviT formebSi. 

13

9. statikur zmnaTa or jgufad dayofa da pirvel jgufSi awmyos 

statikur formaSi –it finitobis sufiqsis gamoyeneba. 

10. drois -a sufiqsis elementis dakargva Tanxmovanze da K-ze 

daboloebul zmnebSi. 

11. myofadis infinitur formaSi –raak, -aak... sufiqsebis gamoyeneba 

sxva dialeqtebis -lak sufiqsis nacvlad. 

12. pirobiTi kilos mawarmoeblad –ri sufiqsis gamoyeneba. 

unda aRiniSnos is garemoebac, rom mTeli rigi am movlenaTagan: dG 

TG tG-s delabializacia, xmovanTa reduqcia difTongebSi, saxelis 

gansazRvruli formis warmoeba –z sufiqsiT, WPM Tandebulis farTod 

gamoyeneba, statikuri zmnebis or jgufad dayofa, -a sufiqsis 

elementis dakargva garkveul poziciaSi da sxv., rogorc amas istoriul- 

SedarebiTi Zieba arkvevs, SedarebiT axali movlenebia, aSxaruli 

dialeqtis (misi orive kilokavis) Sinagani ganviTarebis niadagze 

warmoqmnili... 

aSxaruli dialqetis monacemebi metad sayuradReboa afxazuri enis 

istoriuli Seswavlisa da mis dialeqtTa urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT 

(lomTaTiZe, 1954: 227). 

mTlianobaSi aSxaruli dialeqti warmoadgens damoukidebel 

dialeqtur erTeuls, romelsac axasiaTebs rigi Tavisebureba. am 

TaviseburebaTagan zogi Zvelia da Semogvinaxavs afxazuris Zvel saerTo 

movlenebs (SG JG-s gverdiT sisina sG zG bgeraTa dacva, ჵ , ჴ ჴG, y bgeraTa 

dacva, srulxmovnobis dacva, kauzativis warmoebaSi Zveli, mosalodneli 

saxeobis Semonaxva rig zmnaSi; droTa warmoebaSi ufro Zveli, 

srulxmovniani saxeobebis arseboba; viTarebis garemoebis afiqsis ufro 

Zveli -aSP saxeoba, -nM (-na…) sufiqsis gamoyeneba saxelisa da zmnis rig 

warmoebaSi da sxv). 

aRniSnul movlenaTa mixedviT cvlilebebi ganicades sxva 

dialeqtebmac (lomTaTiZe, 1954: 229). 

sxva TaviseburebaTagan, romlebic aSxarul dialeqts axasiaTebs, 

didi wili warmoadgens aSxaruli dialeqtis Sinagani ganviTarebiT 

miRebul axal warmoebebs. 

14

igi saerTod emxroba piraqeTa dialeqtebs, miuxedavad tapanTuris 

masze Zlieri gavlenisa. 

aSxaruli dialeqtis kilokavebi (afsuisa da kuvinskisa) 

mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, Tumca amave dros TviT am 

kilokavebSic SeiniSneba sxvadasxva dialeqturi fenebi, rac iwvevs 

formaTa gansakuTrebul mravalferovnebas. kerZod, afsuis kilokavSi 

SeiniSneba erTi fena, tapanTur dialeqtTan saerTo. 

aSxaruli dialeqtis es rTuli buneba aisaxeba masze molaparake 

xalxis istoriuli warsuliT. 

aSxarelebi axlandel sacxovrebel adgilze – ienjugis 

sanapiroebze – gadmovidnen me-19 saukuneSi kavkasiis qedis ferdobebidan. 

es tomebi manamde saxlobdnen ahWifsous, fsxus da sxv. raionebSi. udavoa 

am gadasaxlebulebSi gvxvdebodnen sxvadasxva afxaz tomTa 

warmomadgenlebi. 

am mxriv sayuradReboa moxucTa gadmocemebi. aSxareli moxucebi 

hyvebian, rom kuvinskelebi gadmosulebi arian ahWifsoudan, fsxudan, 

xolo afsuelebi - naxu-dano. 

am gadmocemaTa mixedviT, afsuelebi da kuvinskelebi gadmosuli 

arian sxvadasxva raionebidan. amasTanave moxucebi xazs usvamen im 

garemoebas, rom kuvinskelTa nawili Sereulia afsuelebTan. am 

TvalsazrisiT Zalze sayuradReboa enobrivi monacemebi: saerTo 

aSxaruli movlenebis gverdiT afsuis kilokavSi adgili aqvs 

tapanTurTan saerTo rig movlenas. 

afsuurSi warmodgenili iyo Taviseburi tomobrivi metyveleba, 

romelic uaxlovdeboda tapanTuri dialeqtis fsiJ-krasnovostoCnis 

kilokavs. miuxedavad amisa, afsuur metyvelebaSi Zlevs saerTo aSxaruli 

enobrivi movlenebi da isic kuvinskurTan erTad gviCvenebs ganviTarebis 

erTgvar tendenciebs (lomTaTiZe, 1954: 232). 

afxazuri ena erT-erTi axaldamwerlobiani enaa. 

afxazur enaze damwerlobis Seqmna da afxazuri anbanis SemuSaveba 

dakavSirebulia afxazuri enis mecnierul SeswavlasTan. 

afxazuri leqsikis pirveli Canawerebi ekuTvnis XVII saukunis Turq 

mogzaurs evlia Celebis, romelmac 1641 wels gaiara afxazeTis sanapiro. 

15

Celebim Tavisi mogzaurobis STabeWdilebebi samogzauro wignebad “ 

(“seiahaT-name”) Sekriba. “seiahaT-names” erT-erTi wignis ” سياحت نامه 

“amierkavkasiis, mcire aziisa da iranis mosazRvre olqebis miwebi” III 

TavSi afxazuri tomebia aRwerili. afxazur enas mogzauri ucnaur da 

saocar enas uwodebs (http://www.vashaktiv.ru/texts/ch/chelebi23.php). 

Celebis Cawerili aqvs ramdenime aTeuli afxazuri sityva da 

gamonaTqvami, romlebSic Zalian bevri uzustoba da Secdomaa: aq – erTi, 

vba – ori, ixfa – sami, bSna – oTxi, xuba - xuTi, Hkba – eqvsi, bzba – 

Svidi, ‘aba – rva, Jba – cxra, zuba – aTi, ak zuba – TerTmeti, vba zuba – 

Tormeti, vai – modi aq, uCi – wadi, uTui – dajeqi, ukul _ adeqi, umCin _ 

ar waxvide, adfS – biWi, sCab – waval, abjruS – qali, sqCam – ar waval, 

uzumCozui arfS – ratom ar midixar, biWo? sira izdrvei – me vici, ura 

iuddva – Sen ra ici? unaj ksi – Cemo sulo, Cemo Tvalo; sira izdrvah – 

rac me vici; sira szkT – me myofnis; ars izuhvazui – ase ratom ambob? va 

ubuzua – ras bodav? ishvazui – ras vlaparakob? Sira iSrrm – me ar 

vici, ura iuxrua – Seni naTqvami, ura iurrua – Sen ici, aka ura ukagub – 

magram Sen giJi xar; anCgi av’gi adlS – Cveni RvTisa da mis 

qmnilebaTaTvis; aki sJdrm anCrTS – RmerTmani, araferi vici; uskvh srshb 

– codo var, nu mawvaleb; sira akr usThvan – ucnaur rames vlaparakob; 

anCrnSai amla sfSrai – RmerTmani, abazav, mSia, sCab fsTa iukrm _ waval, 

Roms vWam (Celebi, 1971, gv. 107; http://www.vashaktiv.ru/texts/ch/chelebi23.php). am 

Canawerebs amJamad mxolod istoriuli mniSvneloba aqvT. 

zogierTi iberiul-kavkasiuri enis Sesaxeb vrceli leqsikuri 

Canawerebi aqvs peterburgis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevrs iohan anton 

giuldenStedtsac, romelic 7 wlis ganmavlobaSi mogzaurobda 

kavkasiaSi. mecnieris “mogzaurobani”-s (Beschreibung Der Kaukasischen Länder) 

meore toms darTuli aqvs “sityvaTa krebuli kavkasiaSi xmarebul enaTa 

Sesadareblad” (J.A. Güldenstädt. „Wortersammlung zur Vergleichung der im Kaukasus 

gangbaren Sprachen. T. II, Berlin, 1834, 496-535 gv), sadac laTinur grafikaze da 

aqedan gamomdinare uzustobebiT yabardouli da abazuri enebis 280 

sityva aris warmodgenili. CamonaTvalSia adamianis sxeulis nawilebis 

amsaxveli leqsikis ramdenime magaliTi: Tma, wveri, Subli, Tvali, cxviri, 

frCxili, tyavi, xorci, Zvali, sisxli, qoni, tvini, guli, ofli... (Ciqobava, 

16

2008: 113). miuxedavad xarvezebisa, mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa aseTi 

didi moculobis leqsikuri maragi pirvelad iyo fiqsirebuli. Cvens 

sakvlev TemasTan dakavSirebiT i. giuldenStedtis leqsikuri Canawerebi 

mniSvnelovans arafers Seicavs. 

afxazuri enis mecnieruli Seswavlis istoriis dasawyisi 

dakavSirebulia petre uslaris saxelTan. ruseTis geografiuli 

sazogadoebis kavkasiis ganyofilebis wevrma, ganaTlebiT samxedro 

inJinerma da generalma petre uslarma afxazuri enis fonologiuri 

sistemis, morfologiis, sintaqsisa da leqsikuri Semadgenlobis 

ZiriTadi sakiTxebi aRwera Tavis erT-erT monografiaSi “kavkasiis 

eTnografia. enaTmecniereba. 1. afxazuri ena”. am wigns erTvis afxazur 

sityvaTa krebuli, romelSic adamianis anatomia-fiziologiasTan 

dakavSirebul terminTagan analizis gareSe warmodgenilia Semdegi 

sityvebi: Zvali, zurgi, ena, Tvali, gverdi, guli, warbi, mxari, dvrili, 

tuCi, piri, yuri, TiTi, muceli, SimSili, xeli, daWrili, tvini, nikapi, 

Zili, piri da sisxli (uslari, 1887: 118-182). 

rixard erkerts Tavis SromaSi “kavkasiuri Ziris enebi” moyvanili 

aqvs afxazuri metyvelebis nimuSebi (271-277 gv.), agreTve gramatikuli 

SeniSvnebi (277-280 gv.), romlebic damyarebulia p. uslaris “afxazuri 

enis” monacemebze... (Ciqobava, M2008: 248), leqsikis analizi ki 

warmodgenili ar aris. 

enaTmecnierTaTvis saintereso, magram mwiri leqsikuri masalis 

mopoveba SesaZlebelia kavkasiis saimperio samedicino sazogadoebis mier 

1886 wels gamocemul i. Sablovskis naSromSi “afxazeTisa da 

samurzayanos eqimbaSebis mier gamoyenebuli samkurnalo xerxebi da 

saSualebebi”. 

agreTve ramdenime samkurnalo mcenaris afxazuri saxelwodeba 

gvxvdeba farmakologiis magistris i. muSinskis statiaSi “afxazuri 

xalxuri medicinidan”, romelic petrogradSi “farmacevtul JurnalSi” 

1915 wels iyo gamoqveynebuli. am or naSromSi leqsikis enaTmecnieruli 

analizi warmodgenili ar aris. 

afxazuri enis Seswavlis saqmeSi udidesi wvlili Seitana 

cnobilma qarTvelma pedagogma, literatorma, eTnografma da 

17

enaTmecnierma petre Waraiam (romelic naSromebs xSirad beWdavda 

fsevdonimiT “petre giorgiZe”). igi SesaniSnavad flobda afxazurs da 

aswavlida am enas afxazuri soflebis skolebSi. p. Waraias Sromebi, maT 

Soris 1912 wels peterburgSi gamocemuli misi monografia afxazuri da 

qarTveluri enebis urTierTobis Sesaxeb, dResac kavkasiologebis 

samagido wignad iTvleba. monografiis “Об отношении абхазского языка к 

яфетическим” pirvel TavSi gamovlenilia afxazurSi qarTvelur enaTagan 

nasesxebi sityvebi, maT Soris adamianis anatomia-fiziologias 

ukavSirdeba: Wipi, giJi (SeSlili) (Waraia, 1912: 13; 16). M 

meore TavSi avtori afxazur da iafetur sityvebs adarebs 

erTmaneTTan. am TavSic gvxvdeba adamianis anatomia-fiziologiasTan 

dakavSirebuli leqsika: guli, yru, wveri, mklavi, SimSili, yeli, Tavi, 

Zili, kani, sisxli, muxli (Waraia, 1912: 18-52), romlebsac avtori afxazuri 

da qarTveluri enebis saziaro sityvebad miiCnevs. 

akademikosma niko marma mTis iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis kvlevis 

Sedegad sxva enebTan erTad afxazur-adiRuri enebic iafeturi enebis 

ojaxs miakuTvna. mis SromaSi “Яфетическое происхождение абхазских терминов 

родства” gvxvdeba termini “sisxli”, romlis analizic damajerebeli ar 

aris. 

sxva naSromebSi, romlebic Tavmoyrilia krebulSi “О языке и 

истории абхазов”, aqa-iq gvxvdeba fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli da 

sxeulis nawilTa aRmniSvneli Semdegi terminebis analizi: Tavi (mari, 

1912: 9), TiTi (mari, 1912: 24), yuri (mari, 1912: 25), xeli (mari, 1912: 95), 

TiTebi (mari, 1912: 96), fexi (mari, 1912: 96), ZarRvi (mari, 1912: 282), elenTa 

(mari, 1912: 283), Tvali (mari, 1912: 283), dvrili (mari, 1912: 284), kbili (mari, 

1912: 285), cxviri (mari, 1912: 343). 

mecnieri zogierT afxazur termins, mag., a-macGa “TiTi” sityvas, 

somxurTan akavSirebda. igi werda, rom afxazuri aris somxur-haiuri 

tipis narevi ena, anu afxazurSi iafetur enasTan erTad Serwymulia 

romeliRac gaurkveveli araiafeturi ena. afxazuri enis iafetur fenaSi 

warmodgenilia sami Sre, erT-erTi maTgani qarTveluri jgufisken ixreba, 

meore – Tubal-kainurisken, xolo mesame, romelmac avtoris azriT 

yvelaze Rrmad SeaRwia afxazurSi, avlens mWidro kavSirs svanurTan da 

18

somxur-haiur enebTan. am SemTxvevaSi n. mari aSkarad aWarbebda da 

cdilobda, winaswar akviatebuli Tvalsazrisis “damtkicebas” konkretul 

faqtebze Zaladobis gziT. amitom miuRebelia erTaderTi sityvis 

magaliTze gamotanili misi Sors mimavali daskvna afxazuri enis 

SemadgenlobaSi mZlavri araiberiul-kavkasiuri fenis arsebobis Sesaxeb. 

n. janaSias SromebSi (Религиозные верования абхазов. «Христианский 

Восток», 1915; Статьи по этнографии Абхазии, 1960) samkurnalo mcenareebisa da 

daavadebebis calkeuli afxazuri saxelwodebebi lingvisturi analizis 

gareSe gvxvdeba. 

vfiqrobT, enaTmecnierTaTvis saintereso unda iyos 1910 wels 

TbilisSi gamocemuli mefrinvele-praqtikosis v. sabineckis samkurnalo 

wigni, romelic Ddimitri guliam afxazur enaze Targmna “F8yfn` 9cffт`6`f 

hxsvfpfhf6`tи hы[ì`n`hf6`tb” (Sinauri frinvelebis daavadebebi da maTi 

mkurnaloba). wignSi mocemulia frinvelis 50-ze meti daavadebis 

saxelwodeba da aRwerilia maTi mkurnalobis meTodebi. 

afxazuri enis did mkvlevars, afxazur-adiRuri enebis istoriul- 

SedarebiTi Seswavlis fuZemdebels, akademikos qeTevan lomTaTiZes 200-ze 

meti naSromi ekuTvnis, romlebic mecnierma iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis 

Seswavlas miuZRvna. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia q. lomTaTiZis 

monografiebi: “afxazuri enis tapanTuri dialeqti” (1944), “aSxaruli 

dialeqti da misi adgili sxva afxazur-abazur dialeqtebs Soris” (1954), 

“afxazuri da abazuri enebis istoriul-SedarebiTi analizi. I. 

fonologiuri sistema da fonetikuri procesebi” (1976), “lokalur 

preverbTaA ZiriTadi saxeobani afxazursa da abazurSi” (1982), “abazuri 

ena” (2006) da mravali sxva. 

q. lomTaTiZis SromebSi mravlad gvxvdeba adamianis anatomiafiziologiasTan 

dakavSirebuli calkeuli terminebis Rrma analizi. am 

mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva monografia “afxazuri da abazuri enebis 

istoriul-SedarebiTi analizi. I. fonologiuri sistema da fonetikuri 

procesebi”. am naSromSi damajerebladaa gaanalizebuli Semdeg cnebaTa 

aRmniSvneli afxazuri sityvebis fonematuri struqtura da istoria: 

xeli (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 25), dvrili (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 39-40), yuri 

(lomTaTiZe, 1976: 39), piri (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 43), sakace (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 

19

47), Zvali (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 47), Tavi (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 74), ZarRvi 

(lomTaTiZe, 1976: 99), Zili (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 117), kani (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 

117), Tvali (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 118), TiTi (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 128), iRlia 

(lomTaTiZe, 1976: 128), ena (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 134), cxviri (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 

140), filtvi (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 142), cofi (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 149), Wipi 

(lomTaTiZe, 1976: 149), kiseri (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 151), laviwi (lomTaTiZe, 

1976: 159), warbi (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 161), Rebineba (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 165), guli 

(lomTaTiZe, 1976: 169), elenTa (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 177), nekni (lomTaTiZe, 

1976: 177), sisxli (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 181), zurgi (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 190), 

xorci (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 220). qvemoT saTanado terminTa Sesaxeb 

msjelobisas Cven davimowmebT akad. q. lomTaTiZis am naSromis daskvnebs. 

q. lomTaTiZis sxva naSromebSic ganixileba adamianis sxeulis 

sxvadasxva nawilis afxazuri saxelwodebebis struqtura da istoria. am 

mxriv aRsaniSnavia mecnieris statia “afxazuri a-ltGJGLa (“laviwi”) 

sityvis etimologiisaTvis”, romelic gamoqveynebulia “saqarTvelos 

mecnierebaTaA akademiis moambeSi” (# 1, 1974). avtori msjelobs afxazuri 

sityvis a-ltGJGLa “laviwi” sityvis magaliTze afxazuri labializebuli 

tG Tanxmovnis warmomavlobis sakiTxis Sesaxeb. q. lomTaTiZe Tvlis, rom 

dG TG tG xSulTa sameuli afxazurSi meoreuli warmomavlobisaa, dG 

gvxvdeba mxolod nasesxeb sityvebSi da gadmoscems sxva enaTa dv-s. rac 

Seexeba TG da tG fonemebs, q. lomTaTiZe miiCnevs, rom isini meoreuli 

bgerebia da warmoqmnili unda iyos T da t Tanxmovnebis SerwymiT 

labialur u-sTan. 

mkvlevari yuradRebas aqcevs ramdenime fuZes, romlebic Seicavs tGs 

da qarTulidan unda iyos afxazurSi nasesxebi, oRond qarTulSi mas 

wv Seesabameba. aRniSnuli faqtis safuZvelze, q. lomTaTiZe xsnis 

afxazuri a-ltGJGLa-s warmomavlobas, romlis pirveli komponenti a-ltG 

momdinareobs qarTuli laviw-i saxelis fuZisagan, romelmac maxvilis 

zegavlenis Sedegad a da i xmovanTa reduqcia ganicada. amis Sedegad 

warmoiqmna afxazuri enisaTvis uCveulo lv (lu) da vw (uw) 

Tanmimdevrobani, ramac gamoiwvia lvw kompleqsis lwv kompleqsad 

gardaqmna da wv-s tG-d gadaqceva: lvw →ltG. 

20

agreTve sayuradReboa q. lomTaTiZis statia “xelisa da fexis 

aRmniSvneli fuZeebis uZvelesi saxeobisaTvis afxazur-adiRur enebSi da 

zogi qarTveluri fuZis analizis sakiTxi”, romelic gamoqveynebulia 

“iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecnierebis” me-15 tomSi (1966). naSromSi avtorma 

gaanaliza xelisa da fexis aRmniSvnel fuZeebs afxazur-adiRur enebSi 

da aRadgina maTi sawyisi formebi. 

q. lomTaTiZe aRniSnavs, rom a-Sa-pN “fexi” sityvis pirveli 

elementi pN–s gareSec gvxvdeba misi ZiriTadi mniSvnelobiT, rac 

migviTiTebs imaze, rom es elementi Zireulia. igi Sa//SM//S fonetikur 

variantTa saxiT (pM-s gareSe) gvxvdeba Semdeg sityvebSi: a-Sa-cGA “fexis 

TiTebi”, a-Sa-WPA “nabiji” (“fexis piri”), A-Sa-Ta // a-S-Ta “kvali” (Ta 

adgilmdebareobis, sacavis gamomxatveli elementia), a-Sa-xGA “wvivi”, A-SxGa 

“qusli”. igive Sa gamoiyeneba “fexT Cacma-gaxdis” aRmniSvnel zmnebSi 

fuZe-windebulis saxiT: i-l-SO-up “mas (qals) is fexT acvia”... aseve 

gvxvdeba igi calke arsebul zmnebSi, rogoricaa: A-Sa-qGM-r-gMla-ra 

“dadgena, dafuZneba” (“fexze dayeneba”) da sxva (lomTaTiZe 1966: 150-151). 

avtori aRniSnavs, rom a-napN “xeli” fuZeSi pM xelis aRmniSvneli 

Ziri ar Cans, sityvis Ziria na da ivaraudeba Semdegi sityvebis ZirebSi: A- 

na-cGa “xelis TiTi”, a-na-p-xN-c “xelis frCxili”. amave dros xelis 

aRmniSvnel rTul fuZeTa SemadgenlobaSi “xel” sityvis Zireuli nawili 

Cveulebriv ma- elementis saxiT warmogvidgeba, magaliTad: a-ma-cGa 

“xelis TiTi”, A-maa (*←a-ma-Äa) “saxeluri”, a-ma-cGA-z “beWedi”. 

rogorc Cans, “xel” sityvis Zireul nawilad gvevlineba na||ma. n- 

sa da m-s monacvleoba afxazurSi xSiri movlenaa. n-sa da m-s 

monacvleobas “xel” sityvis fuZeSi Tavdapirvelad garkveuli 

kanonzomiereba axasiaTebda. kerZod, na mxolod iseT fuZeebSi unda 

gvqonoda, romlebSic bagismieri xSuli p iyo xolme, danarCen 

SemTxvevaSi ki iyo ma-. aqedan gamomdinare, xelis aRmniSvneli Ziri iyo 

ma-, na- ki aris poziciurad miRebuli ma-sgan p-sTan Soreuli 

mezoblobiT (disimilaciis safuZvelze). es viTareba dResac Seuryevlad 

daculia tapanTur dialeqtSi, paraleluri formebi a-macGa||a-nacGa 

tipisa tapanTurSic ar dasturdeba. tapanTurSi mudam aris, erTi mxriv, 

mxolod ma-cGa, meore mxriv, mxolod na-pN. 

21

xelis aRmniSvneli Ziri iyo ma. na-s saxiT is unda gvqonoda p-s 

Semcvlel fuZeSi, magaliTad, napN. aseTi dapirispirebis karg nimuSs 

iZleva zmnebi: a-napN-r-ScMlara da a-ma-Scara||A-r-ma-Scakra, rac 

“moSinaurebas”, “xelze miCvevas” niSnavs. 

erTi da igive Zireuli masala (ma) erTi da imave saxiT 

warmogvidga *a-mapN–sa da a-mpN -Si (m), Tumca TavianTi genezisis mixedviT 

TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva amosavals gulisxmobs: 

1. *amapN → 2. anapN (distanciuri disimilacia) → 3. *ampN 

(kontaqturi asimilacia a xmovnis reduqciis safuZvelze). 

xelis aRmniSvneli m(a) Ziri farTod Cans gamoyenebuli afxazurSi 

iseT saxelebsa da zmnebSi, romlebSic dRes uSualod xelze miTiTeba 

ara gvaqvs, magram etimologiurad “xelis” gagebas unda ukavSirdebodes 

(lomTaTiZe, 1966: 150-161). 

afxazi mecnieris s. amiWbas afxazur enaze Sesrulebuli erT-erTi 

adreuli naSromi (Fef8sn`s8cf bw`tb;m [`0f6`f hs[mo6`fr f9cef-f,fpf 

lbfkt6n6`f hs7ys> F7`f> 1$!!) eZRvneba adamianis sxeulis nawilebis 

amsaxvel leqsikas (daaxloebiT 37 sityvas). igi ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: 

sxeulis garegani nawilebis saxelebi da Sinagani nawilebis (organoebis) 

saxelebi. mocemulia zog terminTa magaliTebi abJuur, bzifur da 

tapanTur dialeqtebSi. avtoris naSromSi ZiriTadad ganxilulia 

sakuTriv afxazuri terminebi, ar aris moyvanili nasesxobebi sxva 

enebidan. TiTeul termins Tan axlavs damowmebebi teqstebidan. 

agreTve s. amiWbas wignSi afxazur-abazur enaTa leqsika (F9cef-f,fpf 

,spi`f6`f hkt6cbrf> F7`f> 1$#4) erTi patara Tavi (Tavi XXIV) eZRvneba 

daavadebebis da samkurnalo saSualebebis saxelwodebebs (98-100 gv.), 

romelSic aRwerilia ramdenime terminis struqtura (aSPMZ, acMrk˜ da 

aSGaxsTa). am terminebTan dakavSirebiT avtori wers, rom isini sakuTriv 

afxazuri sityvebia, xolo abazurSi analogiuri Sinaarsis mqone sityvebi 

adiReuri enidan aris nasesxebi. aRniSnul TavSi CamoTvlilia zogierTi 

daavadebisa da samkurnalo saSualebis msgavsi saxelwodebebi abazurSi, 

abJuurSi da bzifurSi. 

calkeuli terminebis bzifuri variantebia aRnusxuli x. bRaJbas 

monografiaSi “afxazuri enis bzifuri dialeqti” (1964 da 2006). 

22

adamianis anatomia-fiziologiasTan da mkurnalobasTan 

dakavSirebuli terminebi gvxvdeba sxvadasxva leqsikonsa da 

monografiaSi. magaliTad, Ab. janaSias “afxazur-qarTul leqsikonSi” 

(1954), x. bRaJbas redaqciiT gamocemul “rusul-afxazur leqsikonSi” 

(1964), k. Sayrilis, v. konjariasa da l. Wkaduas “afxazuri enis 

leqsikonSi” (1986-1987), a. genkos “afxazur-rusul leqsikonSi” (1998), n. 

arSbas mier Sedgenil “mecxoveleobis terminologiur leqsikonSi” (1980), 

v. kvarWias monografiaSi “mecxoveleobis leqsika afxazur enaSi” (1981), o. 

ZiZarias wignSi “zRvaosnobis leqsika afxazurSi” (1989 w.) da a.S. 

k. Sayrilis wignis “Некоторые лексические и звуковые соответствия в 

абхазско-адыгских языках” (1968) bolos (63-100 gv.) mocemulia afxazuradiRur 

sityvaTa CamonaTvali, zogierTi maTgani adamianis anatomiasTan 

da fiziologiasTan aris dakavSirebuli. samwuxarod, avtoriseuli 

msjelobani am sityvaTa struqturisa da istoriis Sesaxeb sakmaod susti 

da naklebad damajerebelia. 

n. maWavarianis monografiaSi “mcenareTa leqsika afxazurSi. 

semantikur-struqturuli analizi” (2006) Tavmoyrilia mcenareTaA 

afxazuri saxelwodebebi, maT Soris didi adgili uWiravs samkurnalo 

mcenareTa saxelwodebebis analizsac. 

afxazi mecnieris s. naWyebias avtoreferatSi (xelmZRvaneli l. 

Wkadua, 2009 w.) “Лексика народной медицины в абхазском языке” asaxulia is 

mTavari Temebi, romlebic ganxilulia sadisertacio naSromSi. igi 

Sedgeba sami Tavisgan: 1. sabavSvo daavadebebTan, maT mkurnalobasTan da 

eTnofsiqologiur sakulto ritualebTan dakavSirebuli xalxuri 

medicinis terminebi; 2. mozrdilebis daavadebebTan dakavSirebuli 

xalxuri medicinis terminebi da 3. xalxuri medicinis leqsikis analizi. 

s. naWyebias mier aRwerilia afxazuriA xalxuri medicinisTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli magiuri xasiaTis mqone ritualebi, daavadebaTaA 

gankurnebisTvis gamoyenebuli eTnofsiqologiuri sakulto wesebi, 

tradiciebi. wminda lingvisturi analizi am naSromis avtoreferatSi 

naklebad Cans. 

23

Tavi I 

adamianis sxeulis nawilebis 

amsaxveli terminebi 

afxazur-adiRuri enebis leqsikaSi, iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva 

enebis leqsikaSi, siZvelisa da struqturis TvalsazrisiT 

gansakuTrebul adgils ikaveben sxeulis nawilebis saxelwodebebi da 

maTgan nawarmoebi sityvebi. es leqsika or jgufad iyofa: yvelaze 

mravalricxovania Zireuli terminebi, romlebic siZveliTac gamoirCevian, 

xolo ufro mcirericxovania sxva enaTagan momdinare nasesxobani. 

a. Sagirovis dakvirvebiT, adiRur enebSi (adiReursa da 

yabardoulSi) nasesxobebi ZiriTadadad rusuli, arabuli, Turquli da 

sparsuli sityvebia, agreTve internacionaluri leqsika, romelic am 

enebSi rusulis meSveobiT Sevida. afxazurisTvis am enebs unda daematos 

qarTveluri (qarTuli samwignobro enisa da megruli) da adiRuri 

elementebi, xolo abazurisTvis – yabardoul-Cerqezulidan 

mravalricxovani nasesxobebi (Sagirovi 1989: 3). 

aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom a. Sagirovis am daskvnas dazusteba 

esaWiroeba: kerZod, rogorc adiRur enebSi, ise afxazur-abazurSic 

sparsuli da arabuli leqsika ar aris nasesxebi uSualod am ori enidan, 

maTi sesxebisas Suamavali enebis rols asrulebdnen, erTi mxriv, 

Turquli da, meore mxriv _ qarTuli enebi. 

sxeulis nawilTa aRmniSvneli saxelwodebani, anu somaturi 

terminebi, damoukidebel semantikur vels qmnian. am velis 

SemadgenlobaSi Sedis rogorc adamianis, ise sxva cocxal arsebaTa 

sxeulis nawilebis aRmniSvneli terminebi. leqsikis am jgufis specifika 

is aris, rom adamianis sxeulis nawilTa saxelebis didi nawili (“Tavi”, 

“tani”, “sxeuli”, “Tvali”, “yuri”, “guli”, “kuWi” da sxvani), ara marto 

afxazur enaSi, aramed msoflios enaTa umravlesobaSic, gamoiyeneba 

cxovelTa sxeulis nawilebis aRmniSveladac, rasac Tavisi obieqturi 

safuZveli aqvs: cocxal arsebaTa did nawils msgavsi anatomiuri 

24

agebuleba aqvs da msgavs organoTaTvis enebi erTsa da imave sityvebs 

iyeneben. 

am TavSi warmovadgenT adamianis sxeulis nawilTa afxazuri 

saxelwodebebis struqturuli, semantikuri da etimologiuri analizis 

Sedegebs. analizisas gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc afxazur-abazur 

dialeqtTa, ise sxva afxazur-adiRur enaTa monacemebi, agreTve 

saWiroebis mixedviT viTvaliswinebT qarTvelur da naxur-daRestnur 

enaTa faqtebsac. 

*** 

AaWMc “sibrZnis kbili” 

am terminSi gamosayofi Cans aa- komponenti, WM segmentis raoba 

ucnobia, c Ziri ki afxazurSi aRniSnavs “kbils; niskarts”. 

aa-xafMcqGa rwMxGAWP igMlou axafMc iax˜Zup aaWMc “saReWi 

kbilebis boloSi mdgar kbils sibrZnis kbili hqvia” (kviwinia, 1997: 

105). 

Aa-xafMc “saReWi kbili” 

am rTuli terminis pirveli komponentia aa-, romlis raoba 

CvenTvis cxadi ar aris. meore komponentis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT. 

aa-xafMc xGMWqGa “patara saReWi kbilebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 106). 

ARãJGla atalaqGa // akGaR˜qGa // a-kGajqGa “saTesle jirkvlebi, Testis” 

pirveli termini neologizmia da Seqmnilia samedicino 

literaturisaTvis. igi Sesityvebaa: pirveli komponenti a-RãJGla 

“spermatozoidi” kompozitia, sadac a-Rã “mamri”, a-JGla “Tesli”; meore 

komponentis, sityva a-atala “jirkval”-is Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT. rac Seexeba 

meore termins, sityva a-kGaR˜qGa-s, misi fuZea kGaR˜, -qGa ki nivTis 

gramatikuli klasis mravlobiTi ricxvis sufiqsia. mesame termini 

nasesxebia megrulidan (Sdr. megr. vaj-i : qarT. yver-i), rogorc Cans, 

evfemizaciis mizniT da warmodgenilia aseve mravlobiTi ricxvis 

25

formiT. SesaZloa, swored am qarTvelur ZirTan iyos materialur 

kavSirSi meore, sakuTriv afxazuri kGaR˜ fuZe. 

A-baL, bzif. A-bLa, abaz. bÄºa “Zvali” 

dasaxelebuli sami variantidan fonematuri struqturis 

TvalsazrisiT arcerTis fuZe ar aris amosavali, vinaidan isini agebulia 

CVC da CCV modelebis mixedviT, winare afxazur-abazuri Zirebisa da 

afiqsTa Tavdapirveli modeli ki, rogorc es daadgina akad. q. 

lomTaTiZem, unda yofiliyo CV an CVCV tipisa (lomTaTiZe 1976: 249). 

realurad arsebuli variantebidan winare afxazur-abazur 

arqetips yvelaze metad abJuuri baL saxeoba uaxlovdeba, Tumca mas mainc 

aklia bolokidura xmovani. garda amisa, afxazur variantebSi 

warmodgenilia meoreuli labializebuli L spiranti, romelic 

momdinareobs abazur enaSi dRemde SemorCenili amosavali Äº 

Tanxmovnisagan (lomTaTiZe 1976: 95). 

am garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT vvaraudobT, rom Zvlis 

aRmniSvnelad winare afxazur-abazur enaSi arsebobda *baÄºa arqetipi, 

romelmac dialeqtebSi Semdegi cvlilebani ganicada: abJuur dialeqtSi 

daikarga bolokidura a xmovani, xolo bzifur kilosa da abazur enaSi b 

Tanxmovnis momdevno a xmovanma ganicada reduqcia; abJuursa da bzifur 

kiloebSi moxda Äº Tanxmovnis spontanuri gadasvla L TanxmovanSi. 

rac Seexeba sakvlevi terminis morfologiur struqturas, amis 

Sesaxeb unda iTqvas Semdegi: 

mTavar sxvaobas afxazur da abazur variantebs Soris qmnis 

saxelis fuZis “gauformebloba” abazurSi da saxelTa zogadi formis 

mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsis arseboba afxazur saxeobebSi, rac zogadi 

tendenciis amsaxvelia. swored am prefiqsis darTvisa da masze 

sityvaTmaxvilis gadanacvleba SeiZleboda migveCnia afxazur variantebSi 

bolokidura da interkonsonanturi a xmovnebis gaqrobis mizezad, magram 

am mosazrebas xels uSlis is faqti, rom interkonsonanturi xmovani 

reducirebulia abazur variantSic, sadac saxelTa zogadi formis 

mawarmoebeli prefiqsi arc amJamad arsebobs da arc warsulisaTvis 

ivaraudeba. amitom ufro realuri Cans, Tu vivaraudebT, rom Zvlis 

26

aRmniSvnel fuZeSi xmovanTa cvlilebebi afxazur-abazur dialeqtTa 

Camoyalibebis Semdgom momxdara erTimeorisagan damoukideblad. 

prof. g. rogavas azriT, afxazur saxeobaSi ba- nivTis 

gramatikuli klasis gaqvavebuli prefiqsia, xolo L dakavSirebulia 

adiRur baÃ˚o|| baÃ˚a, l’aubÃ˚o sityvaTa Ã˚a ZirTan. Sesabamisad, afxazurabazur 

da adiRur enaTa Zireuli elementebia LM||Ã˚a segmentebi (rogava 

1975: 52) afxazur sityvaSi nivTis gramatikuli klasis gaqvavebul baprefiqss 

gamoyofs akad. q. lomTaTiZec, romelic amasTanave erTmaneTTan 

akavSirebs afxazur L Zireul Tanxmovansa da qarTuli ba-yv-i, yv-liv-i, 

Wanuri yv-il-i “Zvali” fuZeebis yv elements (lomTaTiZe 1961: 116). 

Cveni mxriv davazustebT, rom damatebiT argumentacias moiTxovs 

yvlivi da yvili fuZeebis segmentacia, magram is ki ueWveli Cans, rom, 

erTi mxriv, Zvlis aRmniSvnel amosaval afxazur-abazur *ba-Äºa fuZeSic, 

realurad arsebul adiRur ba-Ã˚a da qarTul ba-yv-i saxelSic 

gamosayofia nivTis gramatikuli klasis ba- niSani, xolo, meore mxriv, 

dgindeba ormxrivi kanonzomieri bgeraTSesatyvisobani afxazur-adiRur 

da qarTvelur enebs Soris: afxaz.-abaz. Äºa: adiR. Ã˚a: qarTvel. yv//yu. 

qarTul enaSi es Ziri gvaqvs ba- klasniSnis gareSe yv-l-iv sityvaSi, 

xolo xsva gramatikuli klasniSniT – ni-da-yv sityvaSi (lomTaTiZe, 1961: 

116). 

qarTulSi sityvis (idayvi) Ziria – day-, romlis Sesatyvisad 

zanurSi mosalodnelia doy- → - duy- fuZe. WanurSi y-s win 

fonetikurad ganviTarda r, megrulSi ki y → : duy-i→ du-i. WanurSi 

dou- da –duRi-sTvisac amosavalia –duyi. pirveli y-s refleqsis 

dakargviTaa miRebuli, meore ki y-s gamJRerebiT. arc day- fuZea martivi. 

ida-yv yv-l-iv fuZebTan SepirispirebiT – yv- Ziri gamoiyofa (geleniZe, 

1970: 135). 

haKt, akamMrSPSPa eifSP uaha baL ulaZami “hait, lokokinasaviT meti 

Zvali ar gaqvs” (narTebi…, 2000: 27). 

abaL ax˜fwGou eifMzSua “Zalian Wkviani adamiani; yvelasTvis cnobili, 

pativsacemi adamiani; xelmarjve adamiani“ (zedmiwevniT: “vinc 

erTmaneTs argebs gadatexil Zvlebs” (kaslanZia, 1995: 18) 

27

ui abaL alam “amis gakeTeba martivia, iolia” (kaslanZia, 1995: 18), 

zedmiwevniT: “amas Zvali ara aqvs, Zvali ar urevia”. 

ibaL icGMlasup “is (kaci) Zalian swrafia, xelmarjvea” (kaslanZia, 

1995: 18), zedmiwevniT: “misTvis Tavisi Zvali msubuqia, mas Zvali 

emsubuqeba” 

lMbaL ltGMm “is (qali) fexmZimed aris” (kaslanZia, 1995: 18), 

zedmiwevniT: “mas (qals) Tavisi Zvali ar ekuTvnis”. 

ibaL icGa TafsoKt “Tavs Zalian uxerxulad grZnobs” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

18), zedmiwevniT: “misi Zvlebi mis kanSi iyreba, mis kanSi cviva” 

A-baLlaSPa, bzif. AbLalaSPM, AbLMlaSPM “Zvlis tvini” 

erTi SexedviT, abJuur da bzifur formebs Soris sxvaobas metaTezisis 

moqmedeba iwvevs. afxazurSi ki ZiriTadad gadaitaneba iseTi marcvlebi, 

romlebic Seicaven sonorul Tanxmovnebs (bRaJba, 2006: 120). magram 

realurad TanxmovanTa metaTezisi gvxvdeba mxolod erT-erT bzifur 

variantSi (Ll > lL), sxva SemTxvevebSi ki variantebs Soris sxvaobas 

gansxvavebuli mizezi unda hqondes. 

sityvis pirveli nawili baL//bLa, ra Tqma unda, igivea, rac zemoT 

ukve ganxiluli Zvlis aRmniSvneli fuZea, meore nawilis yvelaze 

arqauli saxeoba ki Semounaxavs abJuur dialeqts laSPa segmentis saxiT 

(igi icavs amosaval CVCV tips), magram misi semantika da warmomavloba 

mainc gaurkveveli rCeba, vinaidan afxazur-abazur enobriv sivrceSi 

laSPa fuZe tvinis aRmniSvnel damoukidebel sityvad ar dasturdeba. 

A-bRa, bzif. A-bR, abaz. bRa // bRM “zurgi” 

fonematuri struqturis TvalsazrisiT calke dgas abazuri bRM 

varianti, romelic bRa saxeobisaganaa miRebuli a xmovnis neitralur 

xmovnad gardaqmnis gziT. Tavis mxriv, arc bRa variantia pirveladi, 

vinaidan agebulia CCV modelis mixedviT, rac, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 

winare afxazur-abazuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar iyo. amitom 

gasarkvevia, ra fonematuri struqtura unda hqonoda am sityvis 

arqeformas. arsebobs am sakiTxis gadawyvetis ori SesaZlebloba: 

28

a) Tavadapirvelad unda yofiliyo CV modelis martivi Ra Ziri, 

romelsac mogvianebiT SeiZleboda darTvoda b Tanxmovani. am varauds 

mxars uWers is garemoeba, rom afxazur-adiRur enebSi bagismierTa gaCena 

sityvis dasawyisSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa “Древними, восходящими к эпохе 

абхазо-адыгского языкового единства, признаются широко распространенные во всех 

пяти языках консонантные комплексы с губно-губными b, p в анлауте” (kumaxovi, 1967: 

81). 

b) Tavdapirvelad unda yofiliyo CVCV modelis baRa arqetipi, 

romelSic Ziri iyo Ra, xolo ba- nivTis gramatikuli klasis niSans 

warmoadgenda. droTa manZilze reduqciis Sedegad amovarda pirveli a 

xmovani da anlautSi warmoiqmna meoreuli bR TanxmovanTkompleqsi. 

amjerad Cven gviWirs am ori mosazrebidan romelimes mtkiceba. sakiTxi 

Semdgom kvlevas moiTxovs. 

sayuradReboa, rom adiRur enebSi arsebobs sityva bRa “gulmkerdi” 

(am enebSi zurgi aris CMb. abdokovi 1983: 73), romelic fonematuri 

struqturis mxriv maqsimalurad axlos dgas saanalizo afxazur-abazur 

fuZesTan da aSkarad mianiSnebs imaze, rom fuZe bRa saerTo afxazuradiRuri 

erTeulia. arsebiTia isic, rom fuZeSi pirveli a xmovnis 

reduqcia momxdari Cans ara winare afxazur-abazur, aramed saerTo 

afxazur-adiRuri enis arsebobis doneze. 

rac Seexeba semantikur sxvaobas afxazur-abazur (“zurgi”) da 

adiRur enebs (“mkerdi”) Soris, im movlenis axsna, rodesac erTi da igive 

sityva sxvadasxva axlomonaTesave enaSi gansxvavebuli semantikiT aris 

warmodgenili, SeiZleba fuZe-enis dialeqtebSi, an winare enis bazaze 

Seqmnil enebSi semantikis gadaweviT (Sayrili 1968: 24). 

Cveni azriT, amosaval winare afxazur-adiRur fuZes 

Tavdapirvelad unda hqonoda swored zurgis semantika, rac Semoinaxes 

afxazurma da abazurma enebma, xolo mniSvneloba unda gadaweuliyo 

adiRur enebSi (“zurgi” > “mkerdi”). 

ibRa fwGoup “ზarmacia, muSaoba ar uyvars” (kaslanZia, 1995: 19) 

ibRa fwGanM dMyoup “Cadenilis gamo Zalian rcxvenia” (kaslanZia, 

1995: 19) 

ibRa RGRGoup “zarmacia, muSaoba ar uyvars” (kaslanZia, 1995: 19) 

29

abRa iauKt “daexmarnen, daxmareba miiRo” (kaslanZia, 1995: 20) 

ibRa ak kMdgMloup “raRac usoamovneba elis, winaTgrZnoba aqvs” 

(kaslanZia, 1995: 20). 

a-bz // A-bMz, abaz. bMz // bzM “ena” 

afxazur-abazur variantebTan fonematuri struqturis mxriv 

axlos dgas adiReur-yabardouli bz da ubixuri bza forma. afxazuradiRur 

formaTa Sedareba safuZvels qmnis aRvadginoT winare afxazuradiRuri 

*baza arqetipi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, ukavSirdeba naxur da 

daRestnur enebSi warmodgenil fuZeebs: CeCnur muot; inguSur mot; 

bacbur, xunZur maw, andiur miw, didour mec, lakur maz, darguul melz, 

lezgiur mez, Tabasaranul melZ saxelebs. 

mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa umravlesobaSi enis aRmniSvneli 

fuZis anlautSi warmodgenilia bagismieri b, m Tanxmovnebi, romlebic, 

SesaZloa, nivTis gramatikuli klasis gaqvavebuli eqsponentebi iyos. 

rac Seexeba afxazur-abazur saxeobebs, maTSi gamosayofi Cans 

amave funqciis mqone ba- prefiqsi, Zirad ki za segmenti unda miviCnioT. 

afxazur-abazur variantebSi fiqsirebuli neitraluri xmovani a 

xmovnisagan momdinareobs. am sityvis meSveobiT aris nawarmoebi mravali 

sxva sityva, mag.: a-r-bza-ra “alokva”, a-bz-eilaqÑcG-ra “Clifini” da a.S. 

ibz duup “ybedia” (kaslanZia, 1995: 21), zedmiwevniT: “didi ena aqvs”. 

ubz TakM “zedmets nu laparakob” (kaslanZia, 1995: 21), zedmiwevniT: 

“Seni ena Sig [pirSi] Cakete”. 

ubz sMloumwan “nu miSli, Wkuas nu maswavli” (kaslanZia, 1995: 21), 

zedmiwevniT: “Sens enas nu mirev, CemSi nu urev”. 

ibz aTra TMwit “bilwsityvaobs; bevrs laparakobs” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

21), zedmiwevniT: “misi ena budidan gamovida”. 

A-bla//A-la, abaz. bla//la “Tvali” 

dasaxelebuli variantebidan yvelaze Zvel formad unda miviCnioT 

b Tanxmovniani bla saxeoba, romelic abazurSia daculi. am variantisagan 

afxazur-abazuri enobrivi erTobis periodSi warmoiqmna gamartivebuli 

la saxeoba, romelic aseve abazurs Semounaxavs. orive afxazuri 

30

varianti SedarebiT axalia da miRebulia ukve arsebul bla > la 

saxeobebze saxelTa zogadi formis mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsis darTviTa 

da am TavsarTze maxvilis gadmonacvlebis gziT. sainteresoa, rom 

aRniSnuli prefiqsis darTvam martiv la fuZeze afxazurSi warmoSva 

omonimiis SesaZlebloba ZaRlis aRmniSvnel la > a-la fuZesTan, rac 

enam Tavidan aicila am or saxelSi maxvilis sxvadasxva adgilas 

dasmiT: A-la afxazurad aris “Tvali”, xolo a-lA niSnavs ZaRls, 

abazurSi ki saxelTa zogadi formis ararsebobis gamo fuZe la niSnavs 

rogorc Tvals, ise ZaRls. 

ra Tqma unda, abazuris omonimiac da afxazuris maxvilis 

adgiliT gansxvavebulobac sruliad axali faqtia da ar scildeba im 

droul monakveTs, roca winare afxazur-abazur enaSi bla formis 

gverdiT gaCnda la varianti. 

g. rogava Tvalis aRmniSvnel afxazur-abazur bla fuZes 

samarTlianad akavSirebda adiReur-yabardoul na da ubixur bla 

fuZeebTan. misi varaudiT, adiRuri na varianti momdinareobs la 

saxeobisagan da aris sonant l-s dakargvis Sedegi, Tumca sxva 

SemTxvevebSi sonanti l sityvis sawyis poziciaSi Secvlilia K fonemiT. 

amitom mkvlevars ufro realurad miaCnia bl kompleqsis sonant n-Si 

gadasvla: *bla→ *bna →*mna→na (rogava 1975: 50). 

a. Sagirovis azriT, (A-)bla fuZe ukavSirdeba afazur-abazur (a-)bara 

“xedva” zmnis ba Zirs, magram igi iqve aRniSnavs, rom ar Rirs 

trubeckois azris uaryofa, romlis mixedviTac (a-)bla uaxlovdeba 

naxur-daRestnuri enebis masalas: lezg. vil, ud. pul, xunZ. ber, darg. 

xuli... (Sagirovi, 1977: 276) 

daRestnur formebSi Ziriseul amosavlad iTvleba l. ar aris 

gamoricxuli, rom daRestnur da afxazur-adiRur-ubixur masalaSi l 

fonema momdinareobdes r-sagan. 

naxur enebSi da daRestnuri enebis nawilSi r mkacrad aris 

daculi, xolo sxva enebSi r-s SeeZlo mieca l, Semdgom l-m adiRur 

enebSi, SesaZloa, mogvca n (Sagirovi 1977-I: 276). 

daRestnur enaTa monacemebis gaTvaliswineba gvafiqrebinebs, rom 

Tvalis aRmniSvnel afxazur-abazur fuZeSi warmodgenili Tavkidura b 

31

Tanxmovani gramatikuli klasis gaqvavebuli niSani iyos. garda amisa, 

naTelia isic, rom varianti bla arsebobda ara marto afxazur-abazuri, 

aramed winare afxazur-adiRuri erTobis donezec ki, Tumca misi 

Tavdapirveli forma albaT *bala iyo. 

AbjarxafMc “eSvi” 

rTuli sityvaa. pirveli komponentia Turqulidan nasesxebi Aabjar 

“iaraRi”, meore komponentia xafMc (mis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT). 

SesaZlebelia, eSvis saxelwodeba “abjarxafMc” kbilis formis iaraRis 

romelime saxeobasTan (saCxvletTan) msgavsebis Sedegia. 

abjarxafMcqGa L-cMrak “ori cali eSv-i(-ebi)” (kviwinia, 1997: 105) 

a- “qalis sasqeso organo, Vulva” 

martivfuZiani saxelia. masSi gamoiyofa mxolod saxelTa zogadi 

formis mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsi da saxeli calTanxmovniani Ziri. fuZis 

simartive sityvis siZveleze miuTiTebs. 

a-gGawGA abJ., a-gGMwGN bzif., *gGaWGa abaz. “RviZli” 

dasaxelebul formaTagan abazurSi *gGaWGa sityva damoukideblad 

ar ixmareba, magram igi figurirebs kompozitSi gGaWGa-rMfha “saqonlis 

gul-RviZli” (zedmiwevniT: “RviZl-filtvi”), rac adasturebs am sityvis 

odindel arsebobas abazurSi. amJamad am enaSi RviZlis aRsaniSnavad 

gamoiyeneba martivi wa fuZe. a. Sagirovis varaudiT, afxaz. a-gGawGa da 

abazuri wa Seesatyviseba adiRur s,GM Zirs: labializebul sisin-SiSina 

s,G spirants afxazurSi Seesabameba wG, abazurSi WG < wG (Sagirovi 1982: 39). 

Cveni mxridan davamatebdiT, rom abazuri wa Ziris dakavSireba 

danarCen ZirebTan problemuria da damatebiT imis axsnas moiTxovs, Tu 

ratom mogvca erTi da imave adiRuri Ziris sisin-SiSina Tanxmovanma 

afxazur-abazur kiloebSi rogorc labializebuli, ise 

aralabializebuli Sesatyvisebi. ufro logikuri Cans wa Ziris 

warmoSobis sxva axsnis daZebna: igi a-gGawGA // gGaWGa ZirTan materialur 

kavSirSi ar unda iyos. 

32

mTlianad saxeli a-gGawGA da misi a-gGMwGN // *gGaWGa variantebi, Cveni 

azriT, kompozituri agebulebisaa da pirvel komponentad Seicavs gulis 

aRmniSvneli fuZis amosaval *gGa variants (ix. qvemoT). 

rac Seexeba bzifuri dialeqtis a-gGMwGN variants, igi a > M 

cvalebis Sedegia da mas Semdegaa miRebuli, rac Camoyalibda es 

dialeqti. 

igGawGa JGpoup “Wkuanaklulia, briyvia” (kaslanZia, 1995: 27), 

zedmiwevniT: “sqeli RviZli aqvs”. 

sgGawGa Tixit “SemaRona, bevri usiamovneba momayena” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

27), zedmiwevniT: “RviZli amomiRo”. 

a-gGN, abaz. gGN “guli” 

gulis aRmniSvneli gGN fuZe materialur kavSirSia sxva iberiulkavkasiur 

enebTan. giorgi rogava miiCnevs, rom saerTo afxazur-adiReuri 

sityva nawarmoebia gGM ← *guM ← *gu (rogava, 1980: 183) 

amave semantikis fuZeebTan da saerTo iberiul-kavkasiur fuZed 

miiCneva p. uslaridan moyolebuli: Sdr. qarT. guli, zan. guri||gui, svan. 

gui||gu, gvild, adiR.-yab. gGN, CeCn.-inguS. duog, bacb. dok, xunZ. r-a-k, and. 

rokvo; lak. dak; darg. urki; lezg. rik; Tabas. urki; ud. uk (uslari 1887: 

127 rogava 1975: 48; Ciqobava 2008-IV: 82, Cuxua 2008: 311...). 

miiCneva, rom am afxazur-abazuri sityvis Ziria g Tanxmovani, xolo 

labializaciis momenti da neitraluri xmovani qarTvelur enaTa -ul, 

-ur determinant sufiqsTa analogiuria (bRaJba 1948: 39). 

afxazur-adiRur da qarTvelur enaTa gulis aRmniSvnel fuZeTa 

Sedareba naxur da daRestnur masalasTan gviCvenebs, rom amJamad 

seriozuli sxvaobaa morfologiur struqturaSi: afxazur-adiRur da 

qarTvelur enebSi Ziri Seicavs determinant sufiqsebs, an 

transformirebul variantebs, xolo naxur da daRestnur enebSi aSkarad 

gamoiyofa nivTis gramatikuli klasis gaqvavebuli prefiqsebi: b-, d-, r-. 

es imas unda niSnavdes, rom winare iberiul-kavkasiur enaSi am enis 

daSlis wina periodSi im dialeqtebSi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo, erTi 

mxriv, qarTvelur enebsa da, meore mxriv, afxazur-adiRur enebs, 

saanalizo fuZe ukve aRar Seicavda gramatikuli klasis eqsponentebs, 

33

xolo danarCen dialeqtebSi, romlebidanac Semdgom Camoyalibda naxuri 

da daRestnuri enebi, gramatikuli klasis niSnebi SerCenili iyo. 

savaraudoa, yvela afxazur afazur-adiRur enaSi determinanti sufiqsebi 

gaCenili unda iyos winare afxazur-adiRuri enis daSlamde. 

saanalizo fuZes afxazur-abazurSi amJamad SeZenili aqvs axali 

mniSvnelobac: “Suaguli, centri; SuaSi, centrSi”. 

saTanei gGaSa lgGM rTMnCnM dnaxMnhGit aLnMya “saTanei guaSa dawynarda 

(guli daiwynara) da saxlSi dabrunda” (narTebi.., 2000: 23) 

igGN xtIt “mada mouvida”, zedmiw.: “guli moexada”. 

igGN kAhaKt “imedi dakarga”, zedmiw.: “guli waeqca”. 

igGN ixASPTit “Tavisi ubedureba cotaoden daaviwyda, 

tkivili/sawuxari daiama”, zedmiw.: “Tavisi guli daiviwya”. 

sgGN yaKwEKt “damawynara, gamamxneva”, zedmiw.: “guli gamikeTa”. 

igGN eKyarAm “Tavs kargad ar grZnobs, sisustes grZnobs”, zedmiw.: 

“misi guli misi toli ar aris”. 

igGN LbaxEKt “eWvi Seepara, Seyoymanda”, zedmiw.: “misi guli gaorda”. 

sgGM awGMmR aloup “raRac ar masvenebs, cudi grZnoba maqvs”, zedmiw.: 

“gulSi lursmani maqvs”. 

igGM ceKt “SeeSinda”, zedmiw.: “guli wauvida”. 

igGM bMlueKt “keTili, Sembralebelia”, zedmiw.: “misi guli iwvis”. 

ui agGM sMmam “misi Tavi ara maqvs, misTvis ar mcalia”, zedmiw.: “misi 

guli ara maqvs”. 

igGM iaRoup “feTqebadi, mZime xasiaTi aqvs”, zedmiw.: “misi guli 

mteria”. 

igGM iCPanup “frTxilia”. 

igGM maWxeKt “avad gaxda; guli wauvida” (kaslanZia, 1995: 29-41), 

zedmiw.: “misi guli dacotavda”. 

a-gGMbJNnacGa “SuaTiTi” 

kompozitia, romelic Sedgeba a-gGN “guli” + bJ (a-bJa-ra “Sua”) + a- 

nacGa “TiTi” elementTa SeerTebis gziT. 

34

agGMbJMnacGa iaxaz amacGaz 

(narTebi, 2000: 81) 

“beWedi, romelic SuaTiTze ekeTa” 

a-gGMfhGN abJ., a-gGahGfN bzif. “qalis ZuZu” 

am kompozituri agebulebis sityvaSi pirvel komponentad 

gamoyenebulia “gulis” aRmniSvneli gGN fuZe. 

danarCeni nawilis raoba sakmaod bundovania. SesaZlebelia, 

Tavdapirvelad gGN fuZes mosdevda “brunvis, trialis, amobrunebis” 

aRmniSvneli hG Ziri (Sdr.: aa-hG-ra “mobruneba, motrialeba”, a-xM-n-hG-ra 

“dabruneba, datrialeba; amobruneba, amotrialeba”), xolo f Tanxmovani 

fonetikur niadagze iyos ganviTarebuli. aseT varauds semantikuri 

dabrkoleba ar unda axldes: qalis mkerdis amoburculobas SeeZlo 

xeli Seewyo misi amobrunebuli gulis saxiT gaazrebisaTvis. sakiTxi 

Semdgom kvlevasa da damatebiT argumentirebas moiTxovs. 

fhGMsk afSPqa lgGMfhGM neiWPalkIt, axa ilzMmChaKt “erT-erTma qalma 

bavSvs ZuZu pirSi Caudo, magram ver moiTmina” (narTebi, 2000: 24) 

ahMK – laaK iraTGou, hGMzba mMrkM, eKSGaqGMmwa (afhGMs lgGMhGfM) 

“batonsac sWirdeba da monasac, magram arc daniT iWreba da arc 

sufraze ideba” (gamocanis pasuxia: qalis mkerdi) (gulia, 1985: 189) 

a-gGMSPflNmha abJ. , a-gGMfSPlNmha bzif. “maxvilisebri morCi” 

kompozituri agebulebisaa, Sedgeba a-gGMSPfN “mkerdi” + a-lNmha 

“yuri” fuZeebisagan. Msaxelis motivacia unda emyarebodes im faqts, rom 

mkerdis Zvlis qveda nawili formiT mogrZoa da, albaT, amis gamo Tu 

aris mimsgavsebuli yuris formas. bzifuri varianti f Tanxmovnis 

metaTezisis Sedegia. 

agGMfSPlMmha agGMSPfMbaL axGTaqGa zegM ireKwoup “maxvilisebri morCi 

gulmkerdis Zvlis yvelaze patara nawilia” (kviwinia, 1997: 27). 

a-gGMSPfwaRAra abJ., a-gGMfSPwaRAra bzif. “gulmkerdis qveda nawili” 

kompozituri agebulebisaa. masSi udavod gamoiyofa a-gGMSPfN 

“mkerdi” saxelis fuZe, magram momdevno nawilis raoba ase cxadi ar aris. 

35

SesaZlebelia, waRara segmenti miRebuli iyos waya “qveS, qvemoT, 

qvemoTken” zmnizedisagan polifunqciuri -ra sufiqsis darTviT 

(semantika: ”mkerdis qvemoTi”), Tumca am varauds is dabrkoleba aqvs, rom 

asaxsneli rCeba y > R fonetikuri cvlilebis mizezi. 

a-gGMSPfN “mkerdi” 

rTuli fuZea. pirvel komponentad gamodis “gulis” aRmniSvneli 

gGM fuZe, momdevno nawilis raoba gasarkvevia. abazurSi arsebobs gGMC P fM 

varianti, romelic intensiuri SP Tanxmovnis afrikatizaciiTaa 

warmoqmnili. 

fhGMsk lgGMSPfM neiWPalkKt, axa ilzMmMChaKt “erTma qalma Tavisi 

mkerdi Caudo pirSi, magram ver moiTmina” (narTebi.., 2000: 24). 

a-dA “ZarRvi” 

martivi Ziria, romlis etimologia gamWvirvale ar aris. 

aSa icaSPa ada ialagMlom “gamosaSvebi sisxli ZarRvebSi ar Cerdeba” 

(gulia, 1985: 145). 

a-dASP “myesi” 

kompozitia: a-da “ZarRvi” sityvisa da a-SP-kGa-kGa “TeTri” 

zedsarTavi saxelis Ziriseuli SP Tanxmovnis SeerTebis gziTaa miRebuli 

(a-SP-kGa-kGa zedsarTav saxelSi reduplicirebuli kGa elementi, rogorc 

q. lomTaTiZem daadgina feris intensiurobas gamoxatavs (ix.: lomTaTiZe, 

1940: 115-135). 

sayuradReboa, rom TeTri feris aRmniSvneli igive Ziri sxva 

kompozitSic gvxvdeba: a-xM-SP “qera” (zedmiweviT: “TeTri Tavi”). 

mTlianobaSi myesis aRniSvna rogorc TeTri ZarRvisa logikuria, 

vinaidan myesi marTlac TeTri ferisaa. 

aSxGa adaSP “quslis (aqilevsis) myesi” (kviwinia, 1997: 95). 

a-dGax˜cArTa “ukana tani” 

36

Tuli terminia. Sedgeba a-dGM “mindori” fuZisa da ax˜ “-ken” 

Tandebulisgan, romelTa Serwymac gvaZlevs zmnizedas “gareT”. es 

zmnisarTi saanalizo sityvaSi mierTebulia a-cara “wasvla” zmnis fuZeze, 

xolo -Ta lokaluri mniSvnelobis mqone saxelebis mawarmoebeli 

sufiqsia. mTlianobaSi evfemisturi termini a-dGax˜carTa zedmiwevniT 

niSnavs “gareT gasasvlel adgils; gareT gasavals” (Sdr. qarT. 

evfemizmebi: tanSi gasvla, ganavali). 

a-vanNza “elenTa” 

saxelSi gamoiyofa gverdis aRmniSvneli va Ziri (Sdr. a-va-ra 

“gverdi”), xolo danarCeni nawilebis raoba Semdgom Ziebas moiTxovs. 

lagGi-lacGeK rMbJara avanMza charaJGhGara auan “gugasa da quTuTos 

Soris elenTa Suamavlobda” (agrba olRa – z. eSera). 

A-vara “gverdi” 

am fuZes abazurSi Seesatyviseba Zara fonetikuri varianti. 

rogorc akad. q. lomTaTiZem daadgina, arc afxazuri saxeobaa 

Tavdapirveli da arc abazuri varianti. orive momdinareobs dRes ukve 

ararsebuli *ZGara formisagan, romelSic amosavali *ZG fonema daiSala Z 

Tanxmovnad da labializaciis momentis gafonemebis gziT warmoqmnil v 

Tanxmovnad. axali fonemebidan Z gabatonda abazurSi, xolo v _ 

afxazurSi (lomTaTiZe 1944: 33). sityva a-vara –Si arsebuli v bgera 

Camoyalibebuli Cans TviT afxazuri enis fonetikuri sistemis niadagze 

(lomTaTiZe 1944:32). a-vara // Zara formebSi gamosayofia polifunqciuri 

-ra sufiqsi. sayuradReboa isic, rom afxazur-abazur va // Za < *ZGa Zirs 

ubixur enaSi Seesabameba abazuris analogiuri, imave mniSvnelobis mqone 

Za Ziri, xolo adiRur enebSi warmodgenilia c P aR’a “nekni” FfuZe. 

rogorc g. rogava varaudobda, afxazur-abazuri enebis 

monacemebis safuZvelze SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom adiRur enebSi 

fuZiseuli Tanxmovani c P || Z(←c P ) aris delabializebuli afrikati: adiR. 

c P a ← *CG P a, agreTve ubix. Za ←*ZGa (rogava 1975: 51). 

sMvara sMx˜ueKt “gverdi mtkiva”. 

37

a-vawNs abJ., a-vakÑc bzif. “nekni” 

fuZeSi gamosayofia gverdis aRmniSvneli va Ziri. rac Seexeba wMs 

(Sdr. abaz. Za-wMs “nekni” < Za “gverdi” + wMs) da k˜Mc segmentebs, maTi 

warmomavloba da semantika naTeli ar aris, Tumca varaudis saxiT 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am or segmentSi unda monawileobdes -s > -c 

sufiqsi. 

m. Cuxua afxazur a-vaw-Mc||← a-vak-Mc “gverdis Zvali” saxels 

adarebs qarTvelur sityvas “nek-n-i”. misi mosazrebiT, saerTo 

qarTveluri *kueca leqsemis Sesatyvisi Cans afxazuri a-wGca “Wiqa”. es 

ukanaskneli miRebulia a-kGca arqetipisgan (Cuxua, 2000-2003: 126). amgvari 

dakavSireba sadavo Cans. 

ivawaraqGa idMrfxãZeKt “neknebi dauTvales, scemes” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

25). 

A-zTra “naRvlis buSti” 

am sityvis pirveli komponentis (az) Sesaxeb zemoT visaubreT, rac 

Seexeba Tra-s, igi adgilis, saTavsos aRmniSvneli sufiqsia. termini 

zedmiwevniT iTargmneba rogorc “naRvelis adgili, saTavso”. 

azTra az zTMmwua ayalara iSGarTou CMmazaroup “naRvlis buStSi 

naRvlis Sekaveba saSiSi daavadebaa” (kviwinia, 1997: 119). 

A-zqGaQ”zurgi” 

b. janaSia Tavis “afxazur-qarTul leqsikonSi” aRniSnavs, rom 

sityva warmodgenilia mravlobiTi ricxvis formiT da ara aqvs 

mxolobiTi ricxvis forma (pluralia tantum) (janaSia 1954: 112). amas 

adasturebs is faqti, rom fuZeSi aris mr. r. niSani -qGa, xolo saanalizo 

saxelTan sintaqsur kavSirSi Semaval sityvebSi zurgis aRmniSvnelad 

Tavs iCens mravlobiTi ricxvis kuTvnilebisa da pir-klasis niSani -r: 

azqGa r-eჲrxara “zurgis Seqceva” (zedmiw.: “zurgebi maTi Seqceva”). amdenad 

Ziri z Tanxmovania, magram q. lomTaTiZis mier dadgenili fuZeTa da 

afiqsTa Tavdapirveli modelis mixedviT (lomTaTiZe 1976: 249) unda 

aRdges amosavali CV struqturis *za arqetipi. 

38

CPadaSP zqGMSP “TeTri viri TeTri zurgiT” (gulia, 1985: 190). 

izqGa ikMdMrCCaloKt “mas zurgs ukan dascinian” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

48). 

a-TaWkGNm “muSti” 

iSviaTad gvxvdeba a-TajkGNm variantic. fuZis struqtura da 

amosavali semantika cxadi ar aris. sakvlevia agreTve a-TaWkGNm da a- 

TajkGNm saxeobaTa pirveladoba-Semdgomadobis sakiTxi. 

ianakMm TaWkGMm “rodesac ar aris saWiro, muStia”. 

AKahGa “swori nawlavi” 

fuZis struqtura cxadi ar aris. moiTxovs damatebiT kvlevas. 

KahGa iWPixit “rac Wama, araferi Seergo (aRebina)”, zedmiw.: “swori 

nawlavi gamoiRo” (kaslanZia, 1995: 83). 

AKLkaaga “Zgide” (magaliTad, cxvirisa) 

rTuli fuZea, romelic Sedgeba Semdegi elementebisagan: aKsaurTierTo 

kategoriis prefiqsia, L – oris aRmniSvneli ricxviTi 

saxelis Ziri, k - akra “Wera” zmnis Ziri, aa - aqeTa mimarTulebis 

postverbi, xolo –ga – moqmedebis iaraRis aRmniSvneli sufiqsi. 

afMnwa agGaLara eKLSPoup abaLtG aiLkaaga “cxviris Rru gayofilia 

Zvlovani ZgidiT” (kviwinia, 1997: 43) 

a-kazNq “saSvilosno, Uterus” 

sityvis etimologiis dadgena ver moxerxda. 

aJG akazMq ax˜ueKt “Zroxas saSvilosno stkiva” (Sayrili, konjaria, 

1986 –I: 293). 

a-kazNq ak˜lMmS, a-TMhGTeK “saSo, Kolpos” 

pirveli saxelis pirveli komponentia gaurkveveli etimologiis 

sityva a-kazNq (ix. zemoT), xolo meore komponenti calke ar dasturdeba. 

rac Seexeba meore termins (a-TMhGTeK), verc misi etimologiis dadgena 

moxerxda. 

39

a-kAn “Worfli” 

fuZe nasesxebia qarTuli enidan, Sdr. kan-i. garda zemoT 

miTiTebuli semantikisa, sityva afxazurSi gamoiyeneba SesityvebaSi: 

ikan // lkan bzioup “janmrTelia, jansaRia” (zedmiwevniT: “misi (mamak., 

qalis) kani kargia”). semantikuri gadaweva momxdaria afxazuri enis 

niadagze, vinaidan kanis, tyavis aRniSvnis funqciiT enaSi SemorCa 

sakuTriv afxazuri a-cGa sityvac. 

axGMWM ixaWPM zegM akan iaganM iyan “bavSvis saxe mTlianad WorfliT 

iyo dafaruli” (Sayrili, 1986: 296). 

a-kNka “ZuZu” 

saerTo afxazur-abazuri fuZea. Sdr. abaz. kNka “ZuZu”. SesaZloa, 

Zirad a-k-ra “daWera, dakaveba” zmnis k Tanxmovani gamodiodes. Tu es 

varaudi sworia, maSin fuZeSi gamosayofia iaraRis aRmniSvneli -ga 

sufiqsi, romlisganac Zneli mosalodneli ar aris mkveTri Tanxmovnis 

Semcveli -ka variantis miReba. am mosazrebas ar daabrkolebda 

semantikuri mxare: 

Cvili bavSvis ZuZuTi kvebis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT 

SeiZleboda gvevarauda, rom ZuZu gaigeba rogorc bavSvis piris 

mosakidebeli, bavSvis piriT dasaWeri organo. 

materialuri paralelebi gvxvdeba zogierT monaTesave enaSic: 

xunZurSi, lakurSi, boTlixurSi, didourSi, waxurSi (kvarWia, 1981: 121). 

asabi danwGualak aup ian akMka aniWPalkua “rodesac Cvili tiris, deda 

maSin aZlevs ZuZus”. 

fSLM-eiScGa jarak eicTaxMsueKt (aJG akMka) “oTxi Zma erT adgilas 

isvris” (gamocanis pasuxi: Zroxis jiqani, ZuZu) (gulia, 1985: 189). 

a-kNkmacG “dvrili, ZuZusTavi, kerti” 

es rTulfuZiani sityva pirvel komponentad Seicavs ZuZus 

aRmniSvneli a-kNka sityvis bolo xmovanmokvecil kMk fuZesa da a-nacGA 

“TiTi” sityvis aseve bolo xmovanmokvecil fuZes. zedmiwevniT iTargmneba 

40

ogorc “ZuZus TiTi”. sagnis nominacia motivirebulia ZuZusTavis fariT 

(Sdr. qarT. ZuZus ceri). 

acGa Kalou akMkmacGaqGa rWPM “kanSi arsebul dvrilebSi...” (kviwinia, 

1997: 169). 

a-kNlwMw “gadmokarkluli Tvali” 

saanalizo saxeli bzifur dialeqtSi sxvagvari semantikiTac 

gvxvdeba da aRniSnavs “Ripians, didmucelas” (genko 1998: 118). 

saxelTa klasSi gadasuli mimReoburi warmoSobis sityvaa. 

pirveli komponentia *ka-la- > kM-la- >kM-l- rTuli zmniswini (Sdr. amave 

zmniswinis Semcveli zmnebi: a-kM-la-f-wGa-ra “xvrelSi momtvreva”, a-kM-la- 

SGa-ra “mcire sagnis naxvretSi Cavardna”, a-kM-la-Z-ra “dakargva”, a- 

kM-la-xa-ra “gaCxera”, a-kM-l-da-ra “rameSi risame gayra”, a-kM-l-x-ra 

“SeZvroma”...). 

meore komponentad gamoyenebulia zemoT ukve naxsenebi a-wN-w-ra 

“qvemodan gamosvla, amosvla” zmnis wM-w fuZe, romlis pirveli w aris 

fuZe-windebuli, meore w ki – Zir-sufiqsi. mTlianobaSi a-kNlwMw 

mimReoburi formaa da niSnavs “qvemodan amosuls, gareT gamosuls”, 

igulisxmeba Tvalis, an muclis Signidan gareT gamoberiloba. 

abla kMlwMw “gadmokarkluli Tvalebi” (Sayrili, 1986: 327). 

A-kGa AwRa “saqalwule apki” 

rTuli samedicino neologizmia, Sdr.: a-kGa “ube” (iribad 

igulisxmeba qalis sasqeso asos ubiseburi forma), A-wRa < waRa “Txeli” 

(igulisxmeba apkis siTxele). 

A-kGabz “klitori, Clitoris” 

sityvis pirveli komponenti aqac a-kGa “ube” sityvaa, xolo meore 

komponenti bz aris fuZe arsebiTi saxelisa a-bz “ena”. zedmiwevniT: “ubis 

ena”. 

a-kGtAR˜Tra “sakvercxeebi, Ovarium” 

41

Tuli terminia, romelic Sedgeba a-kGtaR˜ “kvercxi” arsebiTi 

saxelisa da -Tra adgilis, saTavsos aRmniSvneli sufiqsisgan. 

zedmiwveniT: “kvercxis adgili, sakvercxe”. 

a-kãtEK “nawlavi” 

abazur enaSi nawlavi aRiniSneba Wati sityviT, romelic 

materialurad TiTqmis emTxveva adiRur WateK “nawlavi” termins. k. 

Sayrilis azriT, afxazuri a-kãtEK “nawlavi” momdinareobs adiRuri 

WMha||WMh “grZeli” sityvisagan (Sayrili 1968: 25), rac damajerebeli ar 

aris, vinaidan auxsneli rCeba afxazuri da adiRuri fuZeebis 

materialuri kavSiri. 

ufro marTebuli unda iyos aseTi mosazreba: adiReuri enis 

dialeqtebSi dadgenilia amosavali palatalizebuli g˜, q˜, k˜ 

Tanxmovnebis kanonzomieri spontanuri cvla j, C, W Tanxmovnebad: gãraz 

> jaraz “triali” (abdokovi, 1973: 50), CMl > a-qãla “triali” (abdokovi, 

1973: 74) Wafa > a-kãfa “duma”. am faqtis gaTvaliswineba cxadyofs, rom 

rogorc afxazurSi arsebuli a-kãtEK, ise abazuris Wati variantebi 

nasesxebia adiReuri enis sxvadasxva dialeqtebidan: 

afxazurSi termini Sesula im dialeqtidan (SafsuRuri dialeqti), 

romelSic dRemdea SemorCenili k˜ fonema, xolo abazurs sityva usesxebia 

im dialeqtidan (abaZexuri dileqti), romelSic es fonema ukve 

afrikatizebuli yofila. 

ikãteK bMlx˜eKt “mZime danakargi, ubedureba ganicada” (ityvian 

Svilis dakargvis dros) (kaslanZia, 1995: 51)., zedmiw.: “misi 

nawlavi ukve daiwva”. 

a-kãtEKpa “wvrili nawlavi” 

rTuli sityvaa, pirveli komponentis Sesaxeb zemoT vimsjeleT. 

meore komponentia zedsarTavi saxeli a-pa “wvrili”. 

akãteKpa Kamoup L-xGTak..”wvrili nawlavi ori nawilisgan Sedgeba. . .” 

(kviwinia, 1997: 112). 

42

a-kãtEKSGpa “msxvili nawlavi” 

rTuli sityvaa, pirveli komponentis Sesaxeb zemoT vimsjeleT. 

meore komponentia zedsarTavi saxeli SGpa “msxvili”. 

akãteKSGpa xM-xGTak rMla iSaqGgMloupM”msxvili nawlavi sami 

nawilisgan Sedgeba” (kviwinia, 1997: 114). 

a-kãtEKlaSG “brma nawlavi” 

kompozitia miRebulia a-kãtEK “nawlavi” terminisa da A-laSG “brma” 

zedsarTavi saxelis SeerTebis gziT (Sdr. qarTuli brma nawlavi). saxeli 

motivirebulia nawlavis formiT: nawlavs cali bolo “Caketili” aqvs. 

a-lagGN, abaz. lagGN “Tvalis kakali” 

saerTo afxazur-abazuri terminia. Sedgeba A-la “Tvali” da a-gGN 

“guli” sityvis fuZeebisagan. orive enaSi Tvalis aRmniSvneli ufro 

Zveli a-bla fuZisagan momdinare a-la formis arseboba adasturebs im 

faqts, rom am fuZis axali varianti afxazur-abazuri enis daSlamde unda 

warmoqmniliyo. 

rac Seexeba gulis aRmniSvneli fuZis semantikas, igi 

gamoyenebulia Suagulis, centris mniSvnelobiT da es axali 

mniSvnelobac afxazur-abazuri enis daSlamde Cans gaCenili. 

alagGM cqã akGMmpMl aHorma amoup “Tvalis kakals mrgvali forma 

aqvs” (kviwinia, 1997: 155). 

a-lakTA abJ., a-laqTA bzif. “Tvalis bude”, abaz. laqTa 

fuZeSi gamoiyofa Tvalis aRmniSvneli axali la fuZe, romelsac, 

Cveni azriT, erTvis daWera-dakavebis aRmniSvneli a-k-ra zmnis k Ziri da 

lokaluri mniSvnelobis mqone saxelebis mawaroebeli -Ta sufiqsi. 

abJuurisa da bzifuri dialeqtebis am sityvaSi aRiniSneba arasruli 

kontaqturi regresuli asimilacia: “aspiratebis win abruptivebi 

gardaiqmnebian fSvinvierebad : alaqTa ← alakTa” (bRaJba, 2006: 116). 

terminis amosavali semantika cxadia: “Tvalis dasaWeri adgili”. 

sayuradReboa, rom abazur enaSi laqTa aRniSnavs saxes, sifaTs, 

fizionomiasac, rac axali movlenaa. 

43

patMxG [leuarsa] ilakTa danMnTafSP, dax˜gMlaz dneKluua 

dceKtM”patuxma levarsas Sig TvalebSi rom Caxeda, iqve Caikeca” 

(Sayrili, 1986: 403). 

a-lakNwa, abaz. lakNwa “Tvalis upe, Tvalis are” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis sityvaa. pirveli komponentia A-la “Tvali”, 

romelsac erTvis daWera-dakavebis aRmniSvneli a-k-ra zmnis k Ziri da a- 

wa “fskeri, Ziri” arsebiTi saxelis wa Ziri. mTlianobaSi sityva niSnavs 

“Tvalis budis qvemoTa ares”, anu “Tvalis upes”. Tvalis aRmniSvneli 

fuZe aqac axali a-la variantis saxiTaa warmodgenili rogorc afxazur 

enaSi, ise abazurSic, rac imas niSnavs, rom termini am saxiT arsebobda 

afxazur-abazuri enobrivi erTobis donezec. 

sMla iaakGMrSPanM slakMwa sMx˜ueKt “Tvalebis garSemo are mtkiva” 

(Sayrili, 1986: 404). 

A-lafMj “wamwami” 

sityvis pirveli komponentia Tvalis aRmniSvneli a-la fuZe, 

romlis momdevno fMj hgavs maryuJis aRmniSvnel a-fNj sityvis Zirs, magram 

wamwamTan maryuJis semantikuri kavSiri problemuria. sakiTxi damatebiT 

kvlevas moiTxovs. xom ar aris es segmenti kavSirSi qarTulis funjfuZesTan? 

a-laxGNc “wamwami”, abaz. laÃGN 

termins gamWvirvale etimologia aqvs. pirveli komponentia Tvalis 

aRmniSvneli la fuZe + Tmis, bewvis aRmniSvneli afxaz. a-xGN < abaz. ÃGN 

sityvis fuZe, romelsac erTvis erTeulis, calis aRmniSvneli 

saerTo iberiul-kavkasiuri FfuZis c Ziri. mTlianad sityvis semantikaa: 

“Tvalis Tmis erTi Reri, erTi cali”. 

A-lax˜ “Subli” 

terminis pirveli komponenti aqac Tvalis aRmniSvneli fuZis 

axali a-la variantia, romelsac erTvis x˜ segmenti. es ukanaskneli 

segmenti damukideblad xmarebuli romelime sxva sityvis fuZe an Ziri 

44

TiTqos ar Cans. Cveni azriT, SeiZleba am x˜ segmentis dakavSireba abazuri 

Ãafax˜ “Subli” sityvis bolokidura TanxmovanTanac da afxazur-abazur 

fMxã // faxã “uwin, winaT” zmnisarTis xã-sTanac, romelSic am segments 

aSkarad aqvs mniSvneloba “win”. mTlianobaSi saanalizo terminis 

amosavali mniSvneloba iqneboda “Tvalis win”, rac gulisxmobs Tvalis 

budesTan SedarebiT win gamoSveril nawils. vvaraudobT imasac, rom 

afxazurSi arsebuli forma Sublis mniSvnelobiT arsebobda abazurSic, 

razec is garemoeba miuTiTebs, rom abazurSi es fuZe realuradaa 

warmodgenili rTul sityvaSi: lax˜eKqGwara “glova, naRveli, 

mowyeniloba” (zedmiwevniT: “Sublis SeWmuxvna”). 

ilax˜ uafSPnM ikGac-xGM SPa “mis Subls Sexede da misi wili xorci 

gayavi”. 

A-lacGa//a-blacGa abaz. laCGa // lacGa “quTuTo” 

saxeli miRebulia Tvalis aRmniSvneli a-la sityvis axali la 

fuZisa da kanis, tyavis aRmniSvneli a-cGa sityvis cGa Ziris SeerTebis 

gziT. 

adrindeli forma unda yofiliyo a-la a-cGa “Tvalis kani”, sadac 

meore sityvis pirveli a- xmovani nivTis gramatikuli klasis mesame piris 

kuTvnilebis prefiqsi unda yofiliyo. am prefiqsis reduqciam orwevra 

sintagma kompozitad gadaaqcia. 

rafxã ilacGa ax˜xitMz “dabadebis adgili, adgili, sadac gaCnda”, 

zedmiw.: “sadac pirvelad QquTuTo gaaxila” (kaslanZia, 1995: 58). 

ablagGMK ablacGeK rMbJara avanMza charaJGhGauan “Tvalis gugasa da 

quTuTos Soris elenTa Suamavlobda” (gulia, 1985: 165). 

A-ltGJGLa “laviwi, laviwis Zvali” 

am fuZis etimologia damajereblad gaarkvia akad. q. lomTaTiZem 

Tavis klasikur naSromSi “afxazuri altGJGLa (“laviwi”) sityvis 

etimologiisaTvis” (ix.: lomTaTiZe 1976). aq warmovadgenT am naSromis 

Sinaarss, romelsac Cveni mxriv verafris damatebas ver SevbedavT. 

A-ltGJGLa sityva martivi ar Cans Tavisi TanxmovanTa TavyrilobiT 

da morfologiuri struqturiT. igi kompozituri Sedgenilobisaa. dG TG 

45

tG xSulTa sameuli afxazurSi meoreuli warmomavlobisaa. dG fonema 

TiTqmis mxolod nasesxeb masalaSi dasturdeba da gadmoscems sxva enaTa 

dv (du) bgeraTa jgufs. ufro rTulia TG da tG fonemaTa sakiTxi (maTi 

gamoyenebis arec ufro farToa). labialuri u komponentis T, t-sTan 

SerwymiT maTi warmoqmna gamoricxuli araa garkveul SemTxvevebSi, 

magram maTi amosavali ufro mravalferovani Cans. 

yuradRebas iqcevs tG-s Semcveli TiTo-orola fuZe, romlebic 

qarTulidan unda iyos Sesuli afxazurSi da romelTac qarTulSi wv 

kompleqsi aRmoaCnda tG-s Sesabamisad. erTi aseTi fuZea a-tGAn “naxarSi, 

bulioni” da igive unda iyos, rac qarTuli wven-i (Zvel qarTulSi 

wuen-i dadasturebulia swored “naxarSis, wvnianis” mniSvnelobiT). 

tapanTur dialeqtSi dG TG tG labializebul xSulTaA sameuli 

moiSala da gadasula afrikatizaciis gziT jG CG WG//ZG cG wG sameulSi. 

amis Sedegad afxazuri a-tGan tapanTurSi warmodgenilia wGan//-WGan 

variantebis saxiT da niSnavs “naxarSs, bulions”. tapanTuri wGan//WGan a- 

tGan saxeobidan rom momdinareobs, amas naTels xdis tapanTurisave fsiJkrasnovostokis 

kilokavis monacemebi. XX saukunis 30-40-ian wlebSi am 

kilokavSi umcrosi asakis pirTa metyvelebaSi igi ukve warmodgenili iyo 

WPan variantis saxiT. rogorc garkveulia, aseTi Sedegi ki mxolod maSin 

gvaqvs, rodesac wG//WG fonemebi tG-sagan aris momdinare. es maSin, roca 

Tavdapirveli, saerTo afxazur-abazuri wG (tap. wG//WG) ar iqceva WP–d. 

am wesis niadagze unda ixsnebodes A-ltGJGLa “laviwi, laviwis 

Zvali” afxazurSi, romelic sainteresoa Tavisi Tanxmovnebis 

TavyrilobiTac. mis SemadgenlobaSi meore nawilad aSkarad gamodis JGLa 

< JGÄGa fuZe, rac calke ixmareba da “mxars” niSnavs. saanalizo terminis 

pirvel nawilad gvevlineba a-ltG. ltG kompleqsi araa afxazurisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli. igi warmoqmnilia maxvilis niadagze xmovanTa CavardniT 

(rac esoden Cveulebrivia afxazurSi, gansakuTrebiT rTul fuZeebSi). 

amis kvalobaze ltG elementi ukavSirdeba qarTul laviw-i sityvas, 

romlis fuZeSic afxazuris niadagze unda Cavardniliyo i xmovani 

(msgavsad sxva analogiuri SemTxvevebisa): laviw > *(a)-lavw//*(a)-lvw. 

afxazurisTvis uCveuloa, erTi mxriv, lv (lu) 

bgeraTTanmimdevroba da, meore mxriv, vw (uw) Tanmimdevroba. 

46

am uCveulo mimdevrobis daZlevis bunebrivi gzaa lvw-s gardaqmna 

lwv-d fonemaTa substitutciis gziT da aqedan wv-s tG fonemad 

gadaqceva: lwv→ltG (calke a-ltG fuZe ar gvxvdeba afxazurSi). aq 

garkveuli roli unda miuZRvodes l-s mezoblobasac. 

laviwis aRmniSvneli sityva tapanTurSi aq ganxilul pirvel ltG 

elements, an mis fonetikur variants ar Seicavs. iq laviwis saxelad 

gvaqvs JGჵGa yGafs ”mxris foso”. am terminologiur SesityvebaSi JGჵGa 

“mxari” fuZes meore elementad erTvis yabardouli termini yGafs “foso 

(Zvlisa)”. gansxvavebuli agebulebisaa afxazuri saanalizo A-ltGJGLa 

“laviwi”, romlis pirveli komponentia qarTulidan SeTvisebuli laviw 

fuZis afxazur niadagze adaptirebuli A-ltG saxeba, romelsac erTvis 

mxris aRmniSvneli sakuTriv afxazur-abazuri warmomavlobis JGLa fuZe. 

am ori, qarTul-afxazuri fuZis SeerTebiT miRebuli rTuli terminis 

semantikaa “laviw-mxari” (Sdr. qarTuli laviwis Zvali). iSviaTi ar aris 

am rigis sxvaoba rTul sityvaTaA agebulebaSi afxazursa da abazurs 

(tapanTurs) Soris, roca afxazuri kompozitebi agebulebiT qarTuls 

udgeba, xolo tapanTuri mas Sordeba, an adiRurs mihyveba (lomTaTiZe 

1974: 221-224). 

altGJGLa zMfwGara mariou abaLqGa ireKuoup ”laviwi advilad 

mtvrevadi ZvalTagania” (kviwinia, 1997: 48). 

a-lNmha, abaz. lMmha “yuri” 

prof. g. rogavas azriT, afxazur-abazuri fuZis ha segmenti 

materialur kavSirSia adiR. ThakGMma da ubix. lakGMma “yuri” saxelebis 

ha elementTan. imave mkvlevaris SexedulebiT, yvela afxazur-adiRuri 

fuZe rTulia. 

maTTvis saerToa ma elementic, amitom is gamoiyofa rogorc am 

sityvis mTavari nawili. afxazur-abazursa da ubixur enebSi morfema la|| 

lM aRniSnavs “Tvals” (rogava 1975: 51). 

sayuradReboa g. deetersis mosazreba. igulisxmeba adiReuri h–sa 

da afxazuri l-s bgeraTSesatyvisoba: yab. ThakGMma – afx. a-lNmha “yuri” 

(Sagirovi 1982: 7). 

47

k. Sayrili Tvlida, rom afxazur enaSi zmna a-ha-ra “gagoneba” 

yuris aRmniSvneli sityvis ha elementidan aris nawaroebi (Sayrili 1968: 

25), rac ar aris gamoricxuli. 

ilMmha iTasit “yuri mohkra, SemTxveviT gaigo”. 

slMmha wixit “Tavi momabezra Tavisi xmamaRali saubrebiT” (yurebi 

waiRo). 

ilMmha acGa TartGoup “yrua, araferi esmis” (kaslanZia, 1995: 59-60). 

a-lMmhabAgGa “yuris apki” 

aSkarad kompozitia. Seicavs alMmha “yuri” fuZes, afxazuri abagGa 

“abreSumis parks” niSnavs. zedmiwevniT “yuris parki”. 

alMmhabagGa fJGar udagGaxoKt “Tu yuris apki gagexa – dayruvdebi” 

(Sayrili, 1986: 422). 

a-lNmhacGabaJG “yuris gogirdi” 

kompozitia. es terminic Seicavs a-lMmha “yuri” fuZes, xolo a- 

cGabaJG “gamagrebul lorwos, an kans” niSnavs. zedmiwevniT “yuris 

gamagrebuli nivTiereba, lorwo”. 

a-mayWPahGAra “weli” tap. mayWPahGAra, bRa nT 

kompozitia: a-mayA “qamari, sartyeli” + a-WPa-hGA-ra “Sekvra” (Sdr. 

tapanTuri maWPahGara. mTlianad termini niSnavs “saqamres, qamris 

Sesakrav adgils”. zustad identuria tapanTuri mayWPahGAra formac, rac 

saxelis siZveleze metyvelebs. rac Seexeba tapanTur bRa nT termins, 

misi pirveli komponenti zurgis aRmniSvneli saerTo afxazur-abazuri 

bRa fuZea, meore komponentis raoba ki dasadgenia. 

kompoziciis dros reducirebula pirveli fuZis bolokidura a 

xmovani da meore fuZis nivTis gramatikuli klasis kuTvnilebis a- 

prefiqsi da am gziT miRweula ori sityvis Serwyma erT odenobad. 

amayGWPahGara axGTa “welis nawili” (kviwinia, 1997: 23). 

a-maxA abJ., a-maA bzif. “xeli”; “barkali”, abaz. maÃA “xeli; mklavi” 

48

vinaidan sityva aRniSnavs rogorc zeda kidurs, ise qveda kiduris 

nawils, misi semantikac arcTu ise didi xnis win albaT “kiduri” iyo. 

struqturis TvalsazrisiT vvaraudobT, rom fuZe Seicavs xelis 

aRmniSvneli fuZis ma (//na) Zireul elements (ix. qvemoT), rasac 

adasturebs sakuTriv kiduris aRmniSvnel a-ma-xa-Sa-xa kompozituri 

terminis SemadgenlobaSi imave ma elementis sapirwoned fexis 

aRmniSvneli Sa Ziris arsebobac (ix. qvemoT). am faqtorTa 

gaTvaliswinebiT unda davaskvnaT, rom termin a-maxa-Si abJ. xa < bzif. A 

< abaz. Ãa elementi sakuTriv kiduris aRmniSvneli Tavdapirveli fuZe 

iyo. 

kGMbrMk amaxa aa-lak irzMrHom “erTi koRos barkali rva ZaRlma ver 

SeWama” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997: 177) 

a-maxASaxa abJ., a-maxa ASaxa bzif. “kidurebi” (Sdr. aSxar. maÃG-SaÃGqGa 

“xel-fexi, kidurebi”) 

afxazuri formebi kompozitebia. pirvel komponentad gamodis 

xelisa da barZayis aRmniSvneli a-ma-xa < a-ma-A < ma-Ãa rTuli fuZe (ix. 

zemoT), xolo meore komponentia fexis aRmniSvneli a-Sa-xa < a-Sa-A < Sa- 

Ãa aseve rTuli fuZe (aSxaruli variantis bolokidura -qGa mravlobiTi 

ricxvis niSania). 

orive komponentis saziaroa abJ. xa < bzif. A < aSxar.-tap. Ãa 

elementi, romelic, Cveni azriT, Tavdapirvelad kidurs aRniSnavda. ma 

segmenti xelis aRmniSvneli Ziria, xolo Sa segmenti _ fexisa, 

romelTagan orive monawileobs aSxarul maÃG-SaÃGqGa formaSi, sadac -qGa 

mravlobiTi ricxvis niSania. 

uK imaxaSaxa ixGom, dMCmazaLup “xel-fexs ver xmarobs, avad aris” 

(Sayrili, 1986: 434), zedmiw.: “kidurebi ver Svelis”. 

a-maxGAr abJ., a-maGAr bzif. “mklavi, xeli mtevnis gareSe” 

p. Waraia Tvlida, rom megruli maxvar-i afxazuridan aris 

nasesxebi, xolo maTTan dakavSirebulia svanuri mexer (Waraia 1912: 30). 

vfiqrobT, p. Waraia marTalia afxazuri da megruli formebis 

49

warmomavlobis sakiTxSi, xolo svanuri mexer sityvis dakavSireba 

argumentirebuli ar aris, vinaidan auxsneli darCa svanurSi e xmovnebis 

gaCena afxazur-megruli a xmovnebis adgilze da svanurSi v Tanxmovnis 

dakargvis mizezi. 

afxazur variantebTan materialurad axlosaa abJuuri a-maxG < 

bzif. a-ma-G “xis toti, Sto, rto” < aSxar. maÃGM “xis toti, Sto, rto; xis 

koJri, nuJri, korZi”, aSxarulive maÃG-SaÃGqGa “xel-fexi, kidurebi” da 

maÃG-SaÃGM “tanadi, tanbrge adamiani; koJriani, nuJriani, korZiani xe”. am 

formebidan erT-erTSi bolokidurad neitraluri xmovnis arseboba unda 

migvaniSnebdes ufro adreul etapze fuZis bolos a xmovnis arsebobaze. 

rac Seexeba semantikas, kidurebisa da xis totis erTi saxeliT aRniSvna 

sxva enebisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia (Sdr. qarT. tot-i “xis Sto, rto; 

adamianis an cxovelis kidurebi”). 

afxazur a-maxGAr // a-maGAr “mklavi, xeli mtevnis gareSe” fuZeSi 

bolokidura -r krebiTobis -ra sufiqsis naSTi Cans. 

ui daaiuan lMlasaxa lmaxGar iakGMrSPanM “modioda mklavze 

matylSemoxveuli” (narTebi, 2000: 171). 

a-maxGWPA abJ., a-maGWPA bzif. “xelis mtevani”, tap. maÃGWPA “maja” 

samive varianti erTi da imave sityvis sxvadasxva qronologiuri 

periodis formaa. maTgan uZvelesia tapanTuri ÃG Tanxmovniani saxeoba, 

misgan momdinareobs G Tanxmovnis Semcveli bzifuri varianti, xolo am 

ukanasknelisagan _ abJuuri xG Tanxmovniani forma. 

sityva kompozituri agebulebisaa. pirvel komponentad gamodis 

zemoT ukve ganxiluli mklavisa da totis aRmniSvneli *maÃGa arqeforma, 

meore komponenti ki SeiZleba davakavSiroT piris aRmniSvneli afxazurabazuri 

sityvis amosaval *WPa fuZesTan. amgvar dakavSirebas semantikuri 

dabrkoleba ar unda axldes, vinaidan xelis mtevani, an maja iolad 

SeiZleboda gagebuliyo rogorc “xelis, mklavis piri”, anu xelis, 

mklavis dasawyisi. 

amaxGWPa abaLqGa “mtevnis Zvlebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 52). 

50

A-mgGa, abaz. mgGa “muceli 

gasaziarebelia p. Waraiasa da mis kvaldakval g. rogavas mier 

gamoTqmuli mosazreba saanalizo fuZis qarTul gvam-i (Zv. qarT. guam-i) 

saxelTan materialuri kavSiris Sesaxeb (Waraia 1912: 30), Tuki qarTulSi 

bolokidura m Tanxmovans determinant sufiqsad miviCnevdiT. imave g. 

rogavas azriT, es fuZe ukavSirdeba adiRur nMba← *mMba ←*mMgGa da 

ubixur nMkGM← *mMkGa← *mMgGa fuZeebs. vfiqrobT, dabrkolebas ar unda 

qmnides g. rogavas mier aRniSnuli mJReri gG-s abruptiul kG–Si gadasvla 

ubixurSi (rogava 1975: 49), vinaidan amgvari cvla moulodneli ar aris. 

maSasadame, muclis aRmniSvneli fuZeebi saerToa afxazur-adiRuri 

da qarTveluri enebisaTvis. 

Ras iumou umgGoup “Seni mteri Seni mucelia”. 

mgGa mMcGakGan xM zMcGom “Tu mucels ar sZinavs, Tavi ver daiZinebs”. 

a-mMSxGNlw abJ., a-mMSGNlw bzif., maCÃGMnwa abaz. “idayvi; gzis 

mosaxvevi” 

SemadgenlobiT da mniSvnelobiT aRniSnuli sityvebi ar 

gansxvavdeba. fonetikuri TvalsazrisiT SeiniSneba sxvaobani, kerZod: 

a) abazuri enis xSul spirants afxazurSi Seesabameba SiSina 

spiranti S; 

b) abazuris labializebul yru faringalur spirant ÃG-s 

Seesabameba abJuuris ukanasasismieri yru labializebuli spiranti xG, 

xolo bzifur dialeqtSi _ specifikuri G; 

g) afxazuri l Tanxmovnis adgilas abazurSi warmodgenilia n 

Tanxmovani; 

d) afxazurSi reducirebulia bolo a xmovani. magram arcerTi am 

fonetikur sxvaobaTagan ar aris auxsneli da moulodneli. sxva saqmea, 

rom mTlianad sityvis etimologia ar aris gamWvirvale da moiTxovs 

Semdgom kvlevas. 

amMSxGMlw axGAmc x-wkarak amoup ”idayvs [idayvis sxeuls] sami kide 


51

a-napN abJ., a-mapN bzif., napN abaz. “xeli” 

fuZis warmomavloba da struqtura damajereblad gaarkvia akad. q. 

lomTaTiZem statiaSi “xelisa da fexis aRmniSvneli fuZeebis uZvelesi 

saxeobebisaTvis afxazur-adiRur enebSi da zogi qarTveluri fuZis 

analizis sakiTxi” (lomTaTiZe, 1966, ike t. XV). Cven viziarebT am 

naSromSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs da qvemoT mokled warmovadgenT maT. 

avtori aRniSnavs, rom a-napN fuZeSi pM “xelis” aRmniSvneli Ziri 

ar Cans, sityvis Ziria na da ivaraudeba Semdegi sityvebis ZirebSi: A-na-cGa 

“xelis TiTi”, a-na-p-xN-c “xelis frCxili”. amave dros xelis aRmniSvnel 

rTul fuZeTa SemadgenlobaSi “xel” sityvis Zireuli nawili Cveulebriv 

ma- elementis saxiT warmogvidgeba, magaliTad: a-ma-cGa “xelis TiTi”, A-maa 

(*←a-ma-Äa) “saxeluri”, a-ma-cGA-z “beWedi”. 

rogorc Cans, “xel” sityvis Zireul nawilad gvevlineba na||ma. n- 

sa da m-s monacvleoba afxazurSi xSiri movlenaa. n-sa da m-s 

monacvleobas “xel” sityvis fuZeSi Tavdapirvelad garkveuli 

kanonzomiereba axasiaTebda. kerZod, na mxolod iseT fuZeebSi unda 

gvqonoda, romlebSic bagismieri xSuli p iyo xolme, danarCen 

SemTxvevaSi ki iyo ma-. aqedan gamomdinare, xelis aRmniSvneli Ziri iyo 

ma-, na- ki aris poziciurad miRebuli ma-sgan p-sTan Soreuli 

mezoblobiT (disimilaciis safuZvelze). es viTareba dResac Seuryevlad 

daculia tapanTur dialeqtSi, paraleluri formebi a-macGa||a-nacGa 

tipisa tapanTurSic ar dasturdeba. tapanTurSi mudam aris, erTi mxriv, 

mxolod ma-cGa, meore mxriv mxolod na-pN. 

rogorc Cans, xelis aRmniSvneli Ziri iyo ma. na-s saxiT is unda 

gvqonoda p-s Semcvlel fuZeSi, magaliTad, napN. aseTi dapirispirebis 

karg nimuSs iZleva zmnebi: a-napN-r-ScMlara da a-ma-Scara||A-r-ma-Scakra, 

rac “moSinaurebas”, “xelze miCvevas” niSnavs. 

erTi da igive Zireuli masala (ma) erTi da imave saxiT 

warmogvidga *a-mapN–sa da a-mpN -Si (m), Tumca TavianTi genezisis mixedviT 

sxvadasxva amosavals gulisxmobs TiToeuli maTgani: 

1. *amapN → 2. anapN (distanciuri disimilacia) → 3. *ampN 

(kontaqturi asimilacia a xmovnis reduqciis safuZvelze). 

52

xelis aRmniSvneli m(a) Ziri farTod Cans gamoyenebuli afxazurSi 

iseT saxelebsa da zmnebSi, romlebSic dRes uSualod xelze miTiTeba 

ara gvaqvs, magram etimologiurad “xelis” gagebas unda ukavSirdebodes 

(lomTaTiZe, 1966: 150-161). 

ui iarRã napM JahGas imoup, iarma napM rMTGas imoup “Tavisi marjvena 

xeli urod aqvs, marcxena xeli - maSad” (narTebi, 2000: 18). 

lnapM Mrg˜eJua dnMrfMlan “xelebis trialiT Seegeba” (narTebi.., 2000: 

10). 

inapM ax˜M afssoKt “Tavisi saqmis ostatia”, zedmiw.: “xelebidan oqro 

scviva”. 

snapM saHoKt “vinmes cema minda”, zedmiw.: “xelebi meqaveba”. 

lnapM danfSPMloup “finansurad masze (qalze) aris damokidebuli”, 

zedmiw.: “xelebze dahyurebs”. 

a-napsMrgGNwa abJ., a-nargGNwa bzif., napsargGNwa abaz. “xelisguli” 

rTuli agebulebis mqone sityvaa. bzifuri varianti yvelaze axali 

warmonaqmnia da miRebulia psM mimdevrobis reduqciis gziT. rac Seexeba 

abJuur da abazur saxeobebs, maTSi aSkarad gamoiyofa xelis 

aRmniSvneli fuZis nap segmenti, gulis, Suagulis aRmniSvneli gGN fuZe da 

fskeris, Ziris gamomxatveli wa Ziri, danarCeni elementebis raoba 

sakvlevia. 

uK inapsMrgGMwa amsaqGa Mwoup “mis xelisgulze korZebia” (Sayrili, 

1986: 471). 

a-napxNc abJ., a-napxNs' bzif. “xelis frCxili”, abaz. napxN “xelis 

frCxili”, abaz. napxNc “xelis frCxilis wanaWeri” 

bzifur dialeqtSi momxdara fuZis bolokidura Tanxmovnis 

spontanuri cvla (bRaJba 2006: 128) da x Tanxmovnis mezoblad p 

Tanxmovnis f-d qceva. fuZeSi gamosayofia xelis aRmniSvneli sityvis nap 

segmenti. danarCen segmentTa raoba sakvlevia. abazur enaSi 

dadasturebul or variants Soris arsebuli semantikuri sxvaobac axsnas 

moiTxovs. 

napxMck iayaram “pawawinaa, frCxilis odena ar aris”. 

53

Ji napxMci eKyGMzxada? “xorci da frCxili vin daaSora erTmaneTs?” 

(gulia, 1985: 172). 

A-nacGa // A-macGa abJ. , A-macGa bzif., macGa aSxar., maCGM tap. “TiTi” 

aRsaniSnavia, rom abJuur dialeqtSi gamoiyeneba rogorc A-nacGa//AmacGA 

variantebi, ise maTi sinonimi a-nacGkÑs (mis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT). 

nacGa // macGa// maCGM variantebidan Tavdapirveli Cans macGa forma Semdeg 

mizezTa gamo: a) fuZeSi na//ma segmentebi xelis aRmniSvneli fuZea (Sdr.: 

a-Sa-cGa “fexis frCxili”), romelTaganac, rogorc zemoT iTqva, na 

segmenti gvxvdeba mxolod maSin, roca sityvaSi p Tanxmovanicaa, aq ki es 

ukanaskneli ar figurirebs da n bgera aSkarad analogiiTaa gaCenili; b) 

tapanTuri maCGM varianti sruliad axali Cans. igi miRebulia a > M da cG 

> CG gadasvlaTa Sedegad. 

unacGa ZaaukMlar ixnawGoKt “wyali Zalian civia, TiTebs Tu wyalSi 

Cayof, mogwyvets” (kaslanZia, 1995: 67). 

a-nacGkÑs, abaz. macGkÑs // maCGkÑs “xelis nekaTiTi” 

am terminis mravlobiTi ricxvis a-nacGkã-ra// maCGkã-ra formebi 

saSualebas iZleva gamovyoT mxolobiT ricxvSi warmodgenili -s 

sufiqsi, romelsac q. lomTaTiZe sagnis simciris gamomxatvel afiqsad 

Tvlida (lomTaTiZe, 1941: 200). Sesabamisad gamosayofia agreTve xelis 

aRmniSvneli na//ma Ziri da TiTis aRmniSvnel A-nacGa // A-macGa formebSi 

warmodgenili bolo xmovanmokvecili nacG segmenti. rac Seexeba 

danarCen kÑ < kã elementis raobas, igi saZiebelia. 

unacGaqGa aduHaloKt “Zalian gemrielia”, zedmiw.: “xelis nekaTiTebs 

miaWmev” (kaslanZia, 1995: 68). 

a-nacGxNf, abaz. maCGÃaba “ceraTiTi (xelisa)” 

sityvis pirveli komponentia nacGa//maCGa “TiTi” FfuZis 

xmovanmokvecili saxeoba. meore komponenti ukeT daucavs abazur enas, 

sadac warmodgenilia Ãaba segmentis srulxmovniani, CVCV struqturis 

mqone saxeoba, romlis semantika cxadi ar aris. afxazurSi am meore 

54

komponents daukargavs bolokidura a xmovani, xolo pirveli a xmovani 

gadasula neitralur xmovanSi. 

anacGxMf arKaSPaga aJMSGa kãWP “ceraTiTis gamsworebeli mokle 

kunTi” (kviwinia, 1997: 85). 

a-JN, abaz. JM “xorci” 

martivi Sedgenilobis fuZea. ukavSirdeba adiRur lM Zirs. 

bgeraTSesatyvisoba: afxaz.-abaz. J : adiR. l' n. trubeckoim am sityvis 

magaliTzec gamoavlina. 

igive mkvlevari am Zirs daRestnur enaTa masalasTanac 

(arCibulSi, didourSi, udiurSi, lezgiurSi, ruTulurSi, aRulurSi, 

TabasaranulSi, lakurSi, darguulSi) aigivebda (trubeckoi 1987: 278). 

g. klimovi Zirs ukavSirebs qarTvelur *laRv fuZes (qarT. leRv 

-i“xorci”, zan. luR-i “leRvi”, svan. leRv “xorci”). 

sainteresoa, rom afxazurSi xorcis aRmniSvnelad gamoiyeneba 

sxva, a-kGac sityvac, romelic ar dasturdeba abazurSi. a-JN da a-kGac 

sityvebi sruli sinonimebi ar aris, maT Soris arsebobs semantikuri 

sxvaoba: a-JN gamoiyeneba cocxali adamianisa da cxovel-frinvelis 

xorcis aRmniSvnelad, xolo a-kGac sityva _ dakluli saqonlisa da 

frinvelis xorcis mniSvnelobiT. Cveni azriT, a-kGac nasesxebi unda iyos 

qarTulidan (Sdr. xorc-i). 

aJM ikit “gasuqda”, zedmiw.: “xorci daiWira”. 

sJM iHeKt “gamawama, gamawvala, damtanja”, zedmiw.: “Cemi xorci 

SeWama”. 

imala iJM izMmHo dMyoup “Cadenilis gamo Zalian ganicdis, nanobs”, 

zedmiw.: “marto Tavis xorcs ver Wams” (kaslanZia, 1995: 45). 

A-JGtG abJ., a-tG bzif. “TeZo; barZayi” , abaz. JGWGM “saqonlis ukana 

barkali” 

fuZis morfologiuri struqtura cxadi ar aris. fonematuri 

TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia, rom bzifuri varianti ufro Zveli Cans, raki 

55

Seicavs sisin-SiSina fonemas, aseve sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom 

abazurSi WG fonemac axalia da momdinareobs tG-sagan. 

garda amisa, CC struqturis tG // JGtG // JGWG kompleqsebic ar 

unda hqonoda amosaval variants. unda vivaraudoT, rom Tavdapirvelad 

tG Tanxmovnebs Soris romeliRac xmovani (albaT a) idga da Semdgom 

reducirda. 

zeg˜ reiha iauu iSGpou abaL gGaLa iax˜Zup aJGtG “yvelaze grZel msxvil 

lulisebr Zvals barZayi hqvia” (kviwinia, 1997: 57). 

a-JGLaxNr abJ., a-aMr // a-KaNr // a-LaNr bzif., JGÄGaÃa //JGÄGa abaz. 

“mxari” 

fuZis amosavali fonematuri struqtura daculi ar aris arcerT 

variantSi, garda “martivi” abazuri JGÄGa formisa. Tavdapirvelia 

bzifuris fonema, romlisganac momdinareobs danarCen formaTa JG 

Tanxmovani, magram bzifurSive dakargulia abazurSi daculi amosavali 

ÄG fonemisagan momdinare L Tanxmovani, romelic abJuurSic meoreulia. 

abazurSi warmodgenili Tavdapirveli Ã fonemisagan bzifurSi 

warmoqmnila specifikuri Tanxmovani, romelic moSlilia abJuurSi da 

moucia x fonema. abazuri sruli JGÄGaÃa variantis bolokidura a xmovani 

afxazurSi gadasula neitralur xmovanSi. 

garda amisa, afxazurSi figurirebs abazurisagan gansxvavebuli r 

daboloebac. JGÄGaÃa forma unda momdinareobdes *JGaÄGaÃa < *aÄGaÃasagan. 

fonologiuri TvalsazrisiT uZvelesi forma ar SemorCenia arc 

abazur “martiv” JGÄGa variants: igi momdinareobs Tavdapirveli *aÄGa 

arqetipisagan. 

morfologiuri struqturis mixedviT amosavalia “martivi” *aÄGa 

> abaz. JGÄGa > afxaz. JGLa, romelsac mogvianebiT darTvia Tavis 

aRmniSvneli Ãa Ziri, afxazurSi ki damatebiT mierTebia 

sityvaTmawarmoebeli -r sufiqsic (Sdr. a-maxGa-r “mklavi”). 

semantikis mxriv aRsaniSnavia Semdegi: abazurSi terminis JGÄGa da 

JGÄGa-Ãa variantebi niSnavs “mxars”, xolo afxazurSi a-La // a-JGLa 

56

aRniSnavs “frTas”, a-aMr // a-KaNr // a-LaNr da a-JGLaxNr formebi ki 

“mxars”. 

savaraudoa, rom winare afxazur-abazur enaSi Tavdapirvelad 

swored *aÄGa aRniSnavda rogorc “mxars”, ise “frTas”, xolo SemdgomSi 

mxris aRsaniSnad gabatonda am amosavali formisagan momdinare 

morfologiurad garTulebuli *aÄGaÃa da misgan momdinare fonetikuri 

da morfologiuri variantebi. 

tapanTur dialeqtSi “mxris” semantikiT gamoiyeneba adiRuri 

warmoSobis dama sityvac (Sagirovi 1977-1: 143).,. 

rMJGLaxMr eKbMrTeKt “erTmaneTs daexmarnen, gverdSi amoudgnen”, 

zedmiw.: “erTmaneTs mxari misces”. 

a-JGLaSGAyã // a-JGMLSGAyã abJ., A-MLayã bzif., JGÄGMmsayã abaz. “beWi” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis terminia. pirvel komponentad gamodis 

fonetikurad transformirebuli mxris aRmniSvneli 

*aÄGa fuZisagan 

momdinare variantebi (am fuZis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT), danarCeni ayã 

nawilis amosavali fonetikuri saxe Semounaxavs bzifur dialeqts. 

Cveni azriT, am meore nawilSi gamosayofia “brtyelis” 

aRmniSvneli a-aa zedsarTavi saxelis a Ziri, a segmentis raoba ki 

saZiebelia. 

irSMz abgaxGMWM aJGLaSGayã “mokluli melas beWi” (narTebi, 2000: 

171). 

aJGLaSGayãbaL iakMz lampMwaSGan ileKnM ila ixSGalt. “beWis Zvali, 

romelic ekava gauvarda da mas TvalSi Cauvarda: (afxazuri 

zRaprebi, 1997: 174) 

a-rgGwMsTa “safeTqeli” 

terminis SemadgenlobaSi aSkarad gamoiyofa nazmnar saxelTa 

lokaluri mniSvnelobis mimniWebeli -s-Ta sufiqsi (Sdr.: a-hGM-s-Ta // a-hGMr-Ta 

“saZovari” a-hG-ra “Zova” zmnisagan...). danarCeni nawilis raoba 

saZiebelia. 

57

argGwMsTa adGax˜tGi agan aWPM Kamoup adGax˜tGi alMmhaTMLra “safeTqlis 

gare nawilSi moTavsebulia gareTa sasmeni xvreli” (kviwinia, 1997: 

35). 

a-rfhA, abaz. rafhA // rMfha “filtvi” 

saxelis struqtura cxadi ar aris. moiTxovs damatebiT kvlevas. 

amosavali fonetikuri varianti abazurSi daculi rafhA saxeoba Cans. 

SesaZlebelia, xmabaZviTi fuZe iyos. 

Arfha ianup avawaraqGa “filtvebi neknebSia moTavsebuli” (kviwinia, 

1997: 126). 

a-rNmZTra, ankãpMSPTa abJ., a-mpMSPTa bzif., a-mbMSPTa abaz. “Sardis 

buSti” 

a-rNmZ sityvaSi Z Tanxmovani SesaZloa a-ZM “wyali” saxelisagan 

momdinareobdes, magram danarCeni segmentebis raoba naTeli ar aris. rac 

Seexeba Tra-s, igi adgilis, saTavsos aRmniSvneli sufiqsia, zedmiwevniT 

“Sardis adgili, saTavso”. 

rac Seexeba bzifur termins, a. Sagirovi mis pMSPTa komponents 

qarTul sityvasTan “buSt-i” aigivebs (Sagirovi, 1989:146). 

a-tGyGN “TeZo” 


a-abJNrZ “sazardulTan mdebare fexis zemo nawili” 


a-atAla “jirkvali” 

sityva nasesxebia qarTveluri enebidan. q. lomTaTiZis azriT, igi 

momdinareobs jirkvlis aRmniSvneli megruli o[n]toli-sagan (Sdr. 

guruli kilos ortoli “jirkvali” – “baRanas ortolebi Camousivda” – 

rac Tavis mxriv zanizmia gurulSi). 

TviT ontoli, ortoli zanur SesabamisobiT aris miCneuli 

qarTuli “artala”-si. 

58

sityvaTsesxebis fonotaqtikis sruli SesabamisobiT aris o[n]tolisagan 

afxazurSi miRebuli a-atala (qarT. o→ afxaz. 1. a; 2. a). 

bzifur dialeqtSi (da paralelur saxeobad abJuurSic, oRond 

daviwroebuli mniSvnelobiT) es sityva gvxvdeba “a-kGatala”-s saxiT. 

xsenebul a-kGatala saxeobaSi bgeras win darTvia k xSuli (lomTaTiZe: 

1981: 85). 

uatala – satala, 

arna – sMrna, 

fMfqa, cMcqa, 

sarsaleK uatala (gulia, 1939: 174). 

“jirkvali – satala, 

arna sarna, 

fifqa, cicqa, 

sarsalei jirkvali”. 

(Selocvis teqstis didi nawili ar iTargmneba, radgan Sedgeba 

amJamad gaurkveveli mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebisgan, rac zogadad 

damaxasiaTეbelia tabuirebuli mniSvnelobis mqone sakraluri 

poeziisTvis). 

A-aTGa, abaz. aCGa “barZayi, barkali (adamianisa da cxovelisa)” 

fonematuri struqturis TvalsazrisiT abazuri varianti ufro 

axalia da miRebulia TG > CG spontanuri cvlilebis Sedegad (am 

procesis Sesaxeb ix.: lomTaTiZe 1944: 28; lomTaTiZe 1954: 7). 

a “ukanali” 

am sityvis struqtura cxadi ar aris. masSi aSkarad gamosayofi 

Cans “brunvis, trialis” aRmniSvneli Ziri (Sdr.: aa--ra “mobruneba, 

motrialeba”), Tumca danarCen segmentTa raobaze dabejiTebiT risame Tqma 

Wirs. 

a-farTa/a-faTra “placenta” 

59

aRniSnuli terminis sawyisi formaa a-faTra, sadac a-fa “vaJi”, rac 

Seexeba Tra-s, igi adgilis, saTavsos aRmniSvneli sufiqsia, zedmiwevniT 

“vaJiSvilis adgili, vaJis saTavso” (kvarWia, 1981: 121). 

sayuradReboa, rom aq vaJi zogadad Svilis aRmniSvneli saxelia. 

a-fsNrZTa “yvelaze susti adgili sxeulze” 

kompozitia. pirveli komponentia a-fsN “suli”, r- kauzativis 

prefiqsi unda iyos, Z “dakargvis > daRupvis” aRmniSvneli zmnis Ziri 

Cans, xolo bolokidura -Ta adgilis aRmniSvneli sagangebo sufiqsia. 

mTlianad terminis amosavali semantikaa “sulis dakargvis adgili”, anu 

yvelaze saTuTi adgili sxeulze. 

A-fxaSara afMSG duqGa “didi sasircxvo bageebi, Labia majora pudendi” 

aRweriT gadmocemuli neologisturi terminia. Sedgeba Semdegi 

segmentebisagan: a-fxaSara “sircxvili”, a-fMSG “bage, tuCi”, a-du “didi” 

(es ukanaskneli sityva dgas mravlobiT ricxvSi, sufiqsia -qGa). mTlianad 

terminologiuri Sesityveba iTargmneba, rogorc “sircxvilis didi 

bageebi”. 

A-fxaSara afMSG xGMWqGa “patara sasircxvo bageebi, Labia minora 

pudendi” 

aRweriT gadmocemuli neologisturi terminia. Sedgeba imave 

komponentebisagan, romlebsac Seicavs termini A-fxaSara afMSG duqGa “didi 

sasircxvo bageebi, Labia majora pudendi”. sxvaoba mxolod imaSia, rom am 

ukanasknelSi warmodgenilia zedsarTavi saxeli a-xGMWM “patara, mcire”. 

A-fxaSara cGEჲJxGTaqGa “sasqeso organoebi” 

terminologiuri sintagma Sedgeba A-fxa-Sa-ra “sircxvili” 

masdarisagan, romelsac mosdevs termini a-cGE-ჲ-J-xG-Ta-qGa “sxeulis 

nawilebi” (am ukanasknelis Sesaxeb ix, qvemoT). 

60

afxaSara cGeჲJxGTaqGa rMla axacGeK ahGseK reKWPartGMSGa eifSPMm 

“mamakaci da qali sasqeso organoebiT gansxvavdebian” (kviwinia, 1997: 

130). 

a-fxZN “ofli”, abaz. fxZM “ofli; jafa, garja” 

Cveni azriT, fuZeSi gamosayofia wylis aRmniSvneli ZM Ziri, xolo 

fx kompleqsi unda ukavSirdebodes “Tbilis” aRmniSvneli (a-)fxa 

zedsarTavi saxelis Zirs. 

afxZM acGa ianalwua. . . “rodesac ofli gamoiyofa. . . ” (kviwinia, 1997: 

170). 

a-fNJGLabaL “winamxris Zvali” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis terminia. pirvel komponentad gamodis 

fonetikurad transformirebuli mxris aRmniSvneli *aÄGa fuZisagan 

momdinare variantebi (am fuZis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT), meore nawilad 

warmodgenilia abaL “Zvali” (am terminis vrceli ganxilva ix. Tavis 

dasawyisSi), xolo rac Seexeba amave saxelis fN-s, a. Sagirovis azriT, 

igi ukavSirdeba Afxã “win” zmnisarTis Zirs, a-fNnwa (“cxviri”) niSnavs 

“wvetiani ram, romelic win aris”. 

termini iTargmneba, rogorc “mxris wina Zvali". 

a-fMlgdN “barZayis Zvali” 


lgd TanxmovanTa kompleqsi meoreulia da arRvevs ori Tanxmovnis wess. 

a-fNmawG “wvivi” 


a-fNnwa, abaz. fNnwa “cxviri” 

miiCneva saerTo afxazur-adiRur fuZed. Sdr.: adiR. fa, ubix. fawa. 

yvela afxazur-adiRuri enisTvis saerTo elementad gvevlineba 

fM//fa. adiRurSi f // fa damoukidebeli sityvaa da “cxvirs” niSnavs, 

61

xolo afxazur-abazursa da ubixurSi masTan materialurad 

dakavSirebuli fN da fa Zirebi kompozituri fuZis pirveli komponentebia. 

aRniSnuli afxazur-adiRuri Zirebis masalaze adgenen kanonzomier 

bgeraTSesatyvisobas: afxaz.-abaz. f :adiR. f :ubix. f (rogava 1975: 49). 

a. Sagirovis azriT, afxazur a-fNnwa-Si wa marcvali zedsarTav a- 

war “wvetiani” saxelis Zireuli elementia, xolo mis win mdgomi n – 

lokatiuri afiqsi, an fonetikuri danarTi (Sagirovi 1982: 58). igive 

mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom amave saxelis fN SeiZleba davakavSiroT Afxã 

“win” zmnisarTis ZirTan, am SemTxvevaSi a-fNnwa-s semantika iqneba 

“wvetiani ram, romelic win aris”. vfiqrobT, a. Sagirovis es varaudi 

misaRebia 

ifMnwa ukMr, ifsM xSPoKt “mis cxvirs Tu mokideb, misi suli 

mowydeba” (Zalian sustia, dasustebulia) (kaslanZia, 1995:79). 

a-fNnwakMlhM “cxviris nesto” 

Sedgeba oro komponentisagan: a-fNnwa “cxviri” + a-kNlhara “xvreli” 

sityvis pirveli nawili. 

a-fNnwagGaLra “cxviris Rru, nesto” 

Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: a-fNnwa “cxviri” + a-gGALa “fuRuro” 

sityvis abstraqtuli a-gGALra “siRrue” forma. 

afMnwagGaLara agGTa LMjara iSPoup aKLkaaga ala “cxviris Rru ZgidiT 

or nawilad iyofa” (kviwinia, 1997: 121). 

a-qAda “gverdi” 

fuZis struqtura da warmomavloba cxadi ar aris. moiTxovs 

damatebiT kvlevas. 

a-qÑSG // a-fNSG, abaz. fNSG “bage, tuCi”, abaz. fMqG “bage, tuCi; 

niskarti” 

aSkaraa samive variantis fonematuri siaxlove, Tumca axsnas 

iTxovs anlautis f da q˜ TanxmovanTa pirveladoba-Semdgomadobisa da 

monacvleobis mizezi. sruliad aSkaraa, rom fNSG da fMqG fuZeebi 

62

erTimeoris fonetikuri variantebi ar unda iyos, Tumca maT amJamad 

semantikuri siaxlove aqvT. sayuradReboa, rom abJuur dialeqtSi a-fNqG 

sityva aRniSnavs “kides”, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom am fuZis Tavdapirveli 

mniSvneloba iyo “kide, napiri, ganapira nawili”, romlisganac abazurSi 

ganviTarda “niskartisa” da “bage-tuCis” semantika. 

iq˜MSG dMqGMiweKt “agdebulad moeqca, ar ikadra”, zedmiw.: “Tavis 

tuCze daisva”. 

a-RrA “muclis Rru” 

sityva abazurSi ar Cans. Cveni azriT, nasesxebia qarTulidan. Sdr. 

qarT. Rru. sesxebisas r Tanxmovnis momdevnod mdgom u xmovans mxolod a 

xmovnad transformacia SeeZlo. 

aRreK aWaWeK eKdMsloKt “Zalian gamxdaria”, zedmiw.: “muclis Rru da 

Tirkmeli erTmaneTs exleba”. 

a-RN “mamakacis sasqeso aso, Penis” 

saxelSi gamoiyofa zogadi formis mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsi da RN 

< *Ra umartivesi Ziri. sityvis praforma *a-Ra unda yofiliyo. fuZis 

simartive sityvis siZveleze miuTiTebs. 

a-yAtara “weli; xorcis uZvlo naWeri” 

am sityvaSi gamoiyofa sityvaTmawarmoebeli polifunqciuri -ra 

sufiqsi, Ziria yata. afxazurSive a-yAta aRniSnavs “norCs”, “moqnils” da 

“dekeuls”. vfiqrobT, am mniSvnelobebs aerTianebs moqnilobis 

semantika. amdenad welis aRmniSvneli terminic a-yata sityvisagan unda 

momdinareobdes. 

a-yafcGN bzif. “nikapi” 

fuZe ar dasturdeba arc abJuur dialeqtsa da arc abazur enaSi. 

x. bRaJbas azriT, momxdaria amosavali a xmovnis cvla neitraluri 

xmovniT (bRaJba 2006: 138). fuZis morfologiuri struqtura cxadi ar 

aris da moiTxovs damatebiT kvlevas. 

63

a-yMryN, abaz. yMryM “yeli” 

adiRur yGMrbayaK “yeli”, megrul yoryel-i da qarTul yel-i 

sityvebs xmabaZviT fuZeebad miiCneven da dasavleTkavkasiur formebs 

materialurad akavSireben qarTul *xorx fuZesTan (abdokovi 1983: 76). 

Tumca adiRuri fuZisa da qarTuli yel-is kavSiri danarCen fuZeebTan 

problemuria. 

k. Sayrilis azriT, afxazur-abazuri sityva yM Ziris 

reduplikaciis gziT aris warmoebuli (Sayrili 1968: 25). Cveni mxriv 

davamatebT, rom reduplicirebul ZirSi r Tanxmovani gvianaa 

ganviTarebuli. 

afSPqa iyMryM “Cvilis xorxi” (narTebi.., 2000: 24). 

iyMryM dkMlaxeKt “is ar uyvars”, zedmiw.: “xorxSi gaeCxira”. 

a-yGAyGa bJ., a-yGAyG bzif. “zurgi” 

amosavali saxeoba daculia abJuur dialeqtSi, bzifur variantSi 

mokvecilia bolo xmovani. abJuuri forma miRebulia yGa Ziris 

reduplikaciis gziT. 

aSGarax yGayGa irMmanM “nanadirevi zurgze hqondaT mokidebuli” 

(narTebi.., 2000: 70). 

iyGayGa acGa axMrxit “magrad dabegves, Zlier scemes”, zedmiw.: “mis 

gverdebs kani aaZvres”. 

a-yGMryGMl “mala” 

sityva miRebulia yGMr Ziris reduplikaciiT. gaormagebisas meore 

nawilSi r Tanxmovans disimilacia ganucdia. 

ayGMryGMlqGa rxMfxãZara naZoKt 33-34 cMra ryMnZa “malebis raodenoba 

33-34 erTeuls aRwevs” (kviwinia, 1997: 23). 

a-SA, abaz. Sa “sisxli” 

jer kidev n. trubeckoim daakavSira erTmaneTTan afxazur-abazuri 

a-Sa // Sa da adiRuri M fuZeebi da gamoavlina afx.-az. S : adiR. 

bgeraTSesatyvisoba, rac gaziarebulia sxva mkvlevarTa mierac (Sagirovi 

1977-I: 255). a. Sagirovi marTebulad ar iziarebs n. trubeckoisa da p. 

64

Waraias mier adiR. SN “Zma” da afxazuri A-ჲa-Sa “Zma” fuZis Sa segmentis 

dakavSirebas sisxlis aRmniSvnel Sa ZirTan, vinaidan adiRur enebSi Zmis 

aRmniSvneli Ziris S Tanxmovans isev S Tanxmovani Seesatyviseba, xolo 

sisxlis aRmniSvneli afxazur-abazuri Sa Ziris S Tanxmovans _ 

Tanxmovani (Sagirovi 1982: 5). 

iSa SPueKt, ida SPueKt “sisxli uduRs”. 

aCPa auaLM iSa aloup “cxens adamianis sisxli aqvs”. 

a-SamxN abJ., a-SamN bzif. , SamÃa abaz. “muxli” 

rogorc p. Waraia wers, a-SamxN rTuli Sedgenilobisaa: a-Sa “fexi” 

da mxN, romelic saziaroa qarTul muxl sityvasTan (Waraia 1912: 52). am 

varauds ar eTanxmeba a. Sagirovi, romelic miiCnevs, rom es sityva 

amgvari Sedgenilobisaa: a-SapN “fexi” sityvis Sa Ziri + Tavis aRmniSvneli 

a-xN fuZis xN Ziri, xolo maT Soris mdebare elementi m ukavSireba a-maa 

“saxeluri, tari” sityvas (Sagirovi 1977 –I: 250). mkvlevars mxedvelobidan 

gamorCa im faqtis aRniSvna, rom muxlis aRmniSvneli sami variantidan 

yvelaze Zveli (magram ara uZvelesi) daculia abazurSi, xolo misgan 

miRebulia jer bzifuri da mere abJuuri formebi. 

iSamxM waroup “muxli uWris, kargad darbis, mkvircxlia”, zedmiw.: 

“misi muxli mWrelia”. 

iSamxM iwfraaueKt “Zalian karg ganwyobazea”, zedmiw.: “muxli 

qvemodan ufrinavs”. 

a-SapN, abaz. SapN “fexi” 

miiCneva saerTo afxazur-adiRur sityvad. a-na-pN//a-ma-pN “xeli” 

sityvis struqturasTan Sedarebis safuZvelze masSi gamoyofen Sa da pN 

Zirebs, romelTaganac pirveli gamoxatavs fexis semantikas. amosavali 

fonetikuri variantia *a-Sa-pa. Sa Ziris S Tanxmovani kanonzomier 

bgeraTSesatyvisobas iZleva adiRuri l’a, l’a-kGa “fexi” da ubix. l’a-pa 

“fexi" fuZeebis lateralur TanxmovanTan (rogava 1975: 49; Sagirovi 1982: 

32; abdokovi 1983: 74). 

65

q. lomTaTiZe aRniSnavs, rom a-Sa-pN sityvis pirveli elementi pN–s 

gareSec gvxvdeba misi ZiriTadi mniSvnelobiT, rac migviTiTebs imaze, 

rom es elementi Zireulia. igi Sa//SM//S fonetikur variantTa saxiT (pM-s 

gareSe) gvxvdeba Semdeg sityvebSi: a-Sa-cGA “fexis TiTebi”, a-Sa-WPA “nabiji” 

(“fexis piri”), A-Sa-Ta // a-S-Ta “kvali” (Ta adgilmdebareobis, sacavis 

gamomxatveli elementia), a-Sa-xGA “wvivi”, A-S-xGa “qusli”. igive Sa 

gamoiyeneba “fexT Cacma-gaxdis” aRmniSvnel zmnebSi fuZe-windebulis 

saxiT: i-l-SO-up “mas (qals) is fexT acvia”... aseve gvxvdeba igi calke 

arsebul zmnebSi, rogoricaa: A-Sa-qGM-r-gMla-ra “dadgena, dafuZneba” 

(“fexze dayeneba”) da sxva (lomTaTiZe 1966: 150-151). 

Karma SapM fsMng˜eris imoup “marjvena fexi grdemlad aqvs” (narTebi.., 

2000: 18). 

iSapqGa daarMqGMmgMlo daayaleKt “ise gaxda, fexze ver dgeboda” 

(narTebi.., 2000: 73). 

iSapM alixit “raRac saqme wamoiwyo”, zedmiw.: “Tavisi fexi airCia”. 

iiJGMz iSapM iwaleKt “Zalian daTvra, gamoibruJa, simTvralisagan 

fexze ver dgas”, zedmiw.: “rac dalia, fexSi Caudga”. 

iSapM dMqGnMleKt “gamojanmrTelda; misi saqmeebi kargad midis; 

fuli iSova”, zedmiw.: “fexze dadga”. 

a-SapxNc abJ., a-SapxNs' bzif. , SamxN // SapxN abaz. “fexis frCxili”, 

abaz. SapxNsa “fexis frCxili; floqvi” 

aqvs iseTive agebuleba da istoria, rogoric abJ. a-nap-xN-c, bzif. 

a-nafxNs' “xelis frCxili”, abaz. napxN “xelis frCxili” formebs (ix. 

zemoT). abaz. SapxNsa saxeobis bolokidura -sa varianti xelisa da fexis 

frCxilis saxelebSi aRgvadgeninebs am sufiqsis CV struqturis 

arqeformas. 

a-SargGMcG, a-SapgGacG “wvivi” 

rTulfuZiani sityvaa. pirveli komponentia fexis aRmniSvneli Sa 

Ziri (ix. zemoT). mas erTvis fuZe gGM “guli”, romelsac am SemTxvevaSi 

66

aqvs mniSvneloba “Sua”, r- – mr. r. mesame piris prefiqsia. rac Seexeba cG 

segments, misi raoba naTeli ar aris. 

zafxã zMzqGa Myou, zMSTax˜ zMSxua Myou (aSargGMcG) “rasac win zurgi 

aqvs, ukan _ muceli” (gamocanis pasuxia: wvivi) (gulia, 1985: 189). 

a-Saxa “fexi” 

fexis aRmniSvneli komponenti Sa gvxvdeba gamonaTqvamSi iSei iSei 

eiqGwo “Zalian nela (svla)” – iSei iSei eiqGwo dneiueKt “Zalian nela, 

midis”. rac Seexeba xa segments, misi etimologia sarkvevia. aRniSnuli 

sityva dasturdeba mxolod kompozit a-maxaSaxa-s meore komponentad. 

a-SacGk˜Ms “fexis TiTi” 

rTulfuZiani sityvaa. Seicavs a-Sa-cGa (zedmiw.: “fexis kani”, Sdr. a- 

nacGa “xelis TiTi”) segmentisagan, romelsac mosdevs k˜Ms elementi. q. 

lomTaTiZis azriT, am ukanasknelSi gamoiyofa erTeulis aRmniSvneli -s 

sufiqsi, romelsac mravlobiTi ricxvis formaSi Caenacvleba krebiTobis 

-ra sufiqsi: a-SacGkã-ra “fexis TiTebi” (Sdr. mx. r. a-nacGk˜Ms “xelis 

TiTi” _ mr. r. a-nacGkãra) (lomTaTiZe, 1941: 200). rac Seexeba k˜M //kã 

elementebs, maTgan ufro Zveli meore varianti Cans, Tumca misi 

amosavali semantika cxadi ar aris. 

aSacGkãraqGa nacGkãraqGa ireKfSPup “fexis TiTebi xelis TiTebs 

hgavs” (kviwinia, 1997: 63). 

a-SaxGA, abaz. SaxGA “wvivi” 

kompozitia. fuZe Sedgeba fexis aRmniSvneli Sa da xGa Zirebisagan 

(lomTaTiZe, 1966: 151). xGa Ziris semantika saZiebelia. 

a-SahGMrZNZ abJ.,. a-SaxGMrZ’AZ’ bzif “koWi” 

rTulfuZiani sityvaa. masSi gamoiyofa fexis aRmniSvneli Sa 

FZiris Semcveli *SaxGa > bzif. SaxGM “wvivi; wvivis Zvali” fuZe, romelSic 

abJuur dialeqtSi momxdara substitucia xG > hG. terminis sxva nawilebis 

raoba damatebiT Ziebas moiTxovs. 

67

A-SxGa abJ., A-SG bzif. “qusli; terfi”, abaz. SÃGa “qusli; terfi” 

kompozitia. pirvel komponentad gvevlineba fexis aRmniSvneli 

xmovanreducirebuli Sa > S Ziri (lomTaTiZe, 1966: 151), meore komponentia 

“mrudes, moxrilis, iribis” aRmniSvneli abaz. ÃGa > bzif. Ga > abJ. xGa 

fuZe. amosavali fonetikuri vatianti unda yofiliyo *Sa-ÃGa “fexis 

mrude nawili”. 

lMSxGala dnagGTasMn… “man (qalma) Tavisi qusli hkra... ” (narTebi.., 

2000: 8). 

iSxGa ceKt “quslebi gaeyina”, zedmiw.: “misi qusli wavida” (kaslanZia, 

1995: 123) 

a-CPxGTNf “boqveni” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis terminia. pirveli a-CP komponentis 

mniSvnelobisa da etimologiis dadgena Znelia. rac Seexeba meore xG 

komponents, igi a-xGN “Tma, bususi” sityvis fuZea, TMf ki _ a-TNf “adgili” 

sityvis fuZea. termini nawilobriv iTargmneba, rogorc “???? Tmis 

adgili”. vfiqrobT, mosalodnelia, rom sakuTriv boqvens afxazurSi 

Tavdapirvelad swored a-CP sityva aRniSnavda, xolo saanalizo rTuli 

fuZis semantika iyo “boqvenis Tmis adgili”. 

a-CPxGN “boqvenis Tma” 

am terminis pirveli komponentis Sesaxeb ix. aqve, zemoT, meore 

komponenti xG _ a-xGN “Tma, bususi” sityvis fuZea. vvaraudobT, rom 

termini iTargmneba, rogorc “boqvenis Tma”. 

A-ca “kuWi” 

martivi fuZea amosavali CV fonematuri struqturiT. 

znM-zMnla aca KazknM irhGoKt amgGa hGa “xandaxan kuWs amgva-s (mucels) 

uwodeben” (kviwinia, 1997: 109). 

a-clMmhGA abJ., a-clamhGN bzif. “nikapi; yba; loya”, abaz. clamhGA “yba” 

68

fonemuri struqturis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze Zveli saxeobaa 

abazuri varianti, romlis ori a xmovnidan pirveli abJuur formaSi 

gadasulia neitralur xmovanSi, xolo meore xmovani bzifurSi qceula 

imave neitralur xmovnad. terminis amosavali forma unda yofiliyo 

*calamahGa. 

terminis morfologiuri struqtura naTeli ar aris da damatebiT 

Ziebas moiTxovs. SesaZlebelia, masSi gamoiyofodes kbilis, niskartis 

aRmniSvneli c Ziri (ix. qvemoT). 

iucGMmRu auaLM iclamhGM aSTMbJ dMdbJwas iuahaueKt “im adamianis 

ybebis xma, romelic gezizReba, Weqa-quxiliviT gesmis” (gulia, 1985: 

148). 

A-chaga xafMc “saWreli kbili” 

aRwerilobiTi termini, Sedgeba a-chara “kbeCa, kbena” + ga 

samoqmedo iaraRis aRmniSveli sagangebo sufiqsi + xafMc “kbili”. 

zedmiwevniT “sakbeCi, sakbeni kbili” (meore komponentis Sesaxeb ix. 

zemoT). 

axafMcqGa rHormula auaLM iynM iSPMyou abasoup: achagaqGa – fP-cMrak. . . 

“adamianis kbilebis formula Semdegnairia: saWreli – oTxi cali”. 

(kviwinia, 1997: 105). 

a-cMxcGN “penisi, Penis” 

meore komponenti ueWvelad aris kanis, tyavis aRmniSvneli cGM 

fuZe, xolo sityvis pirveli cMx komponentis mniSvneloba gaurkvevelia. 

enaSi arsebobs penisis sxva martivfuZiani saxeli a-RN < *a-Ra, romelic 

aSkarad ufro Zveli Cans. amitom, SesaZloa, termini a-cMxcGM penisis 

meoreuli, tabuirebuli saxeli iyos. arsebiTia erTi garemoebac: raki 

termini a-cMxcGM Seicavs kanis, tyavis aRmniSvnel fuZes, savaraudoa, rom 

terminis Tavdapirveli semantika iyo “penisis kani, penisis tyavi, anu 

CuCa”. 

a-cGA abJ., CGa abaz. “kani, tyavi; qerqi; naWuWi” 

69

k. Sayrili miiCnevda afxazur-adiRuri enebisTvis saerTo sityvad 

da akavSirebda adiR. WiSGu sityvis SG TanxmovanTan, Tumca ver 

ganmartavda am adiRuri sityvis danarCeni nawilebis raobas. mkvlevaris 

azriT, igive adiRuri elementi SG SenarCunebulia afxazur sityvebSi: a- 

SG-wa “tansacmeli”, a-SG-wa-ra “Cacma” da a.S., xolo afxazur-adiReur SG-s 

yabardoulSi Seesabameba H (Sayril 1968: 26). k. Sayrilis es varaudi 

damatebiT argumentirebas moiTxovs. 

ui auaLM icGa, auaLM iJM dalMmwit “is adamianis kanidan, adamianis 

xorcidan ar dabadebula” (narTebi.., 2000: 37). 

icGa alaSGeKt “eWvi gauCnda”, zedmiw.: “mas kanSi Cauvarda”. 

lcGa dalwKt “man (qalma) is Sva”, zedmiw.: “misi kanidan gamovida”. 

lcGa fiCPit “namusi axada, gaaupatiura”, zedmiw.: “man (mamak.) misi 

(qalis) kani gatexa”. 

a-cGEჲJ “sxeuli, organizmi” 

kompozitia. Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisagan: a-cGa “kani, tyavi; qerqi; 

naWuWi” + kavSiri ჲ 

“da” + a-JM “xorci”, anu “kani da xorci”. 

kompoziciisas a xmovans ჲ-s zegavleniT ganucdia nawilobrivi 

asimilacia da moucia e xmovani, xolo xorcis aRmniSvnel fuZes 

daukargavs neitraluri xmovani. 

afMrRM eifSP icGa-iJM yafSup, amca awk˜Ms icGeK-iJi coup! “misi sxeuli 

gavarvarebuli naxSiriviT wiTelia, misi sxeuli cecxlze ufro 

cxelia” (narTebi.., 2000: 24). 

lcGa-lJM aSGaZa eifSP iSPkGakGan “misi sxeuli (kani da xorci) Wyinti 

yveliviT TeTri iyo” (narTebi.., 2000: 13). 

acGeKJi rMynM aSGraqGa ralwra “sxeulze SeSupebebis, Cirqgrovebis 

amosvla”. (sabinecki, 1910: 31 

a-cGEჲJxGTaqGa “sxeulis nawilebi” 

termini Sedgeba a-cGEჲJ “sxeuli” da mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgomi a- 

xGTa “nawili” sityvebis fuZeebisagan. 

auaLM icGeKJxGTaqGa “adamianis sxeulis nawilebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 11). 

70

a-ZAmLa, abaz. ZamÄ˚a|| zamÄ˚a|| ZamLa “loya” 

kompoziti Cans. unda Sedgebodes wylis aRmniSvneli (a-)ZN 

sityvisa da gzis aRmniSvneli mÄ˚a > A-mLa sityvebisagan., anu terminis 

amosavali semantikaa “wylis (cremlis) gza”. 

aZamLa TMfxo agara dgaran “bavSvi loyaCamTbari akvanSi iwva” 

(narTebi, 2000: 31). 

a-ZRN abJ., a-Z’RM bzif. “loya; Rawvi” 

CCV struqturis terminia. misi morfologiuri agebuleba cxadi 

ar aris. SeiZleboda, gvefiqra, rom fuZeSi monawileobs wylis 

aRmniSvneli Z Tanxmovani (Sdr. termini a-ZAmLa “loya” < “wylis gza”), 

magram amgvari dakavSireba problemuria, vinaidan wylis aRmniSvneli 

fuZe bzifur dialeqtSi Seicavs sada Z Tanxmovans, saanalizo sityvaSi 

ki sisin-SiSina Z’ fonema gvaqvs imave bzifur dialeqtSi. 

a-WapAn “Wiplari, Wipi” 

miiCneva megruli dialeqtidan nasesxeb sityvad. Sdr.: qarT. Wip-i, 

megruli Wip-i, lazuri wipa (Sagirovi 1989: 146), Tumca asaxsnelia 

bolokidura an segmentis raoba-warmomavloba. abazurSi amave 

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba termini bMnja, romelic xis kvirtsac aRniSnavs. 

a. Sagirovs es sityva samarTlianad miaCnia yabardoulidan nasesxebad: 

Sdr. yab. bMnja da adiReuri nMbMj (Sagirovi 1989: 146). 

a-WAWa abJ., WaWa abaz., WaWe ubix. “Tirkmeli” 

nasesxebia megrulidan, Sdr. megr., imer. WaWa. specialur 

literaturaSi, kerZod a.SagirovTan gvxvdeba, rom qarTvelur enebSi WaWa 

afxazur nasesxobaa. (Sagirovi, 1977: 200) 

armarax˜ ikMdu aWaWa eKha eKhaup “marcxena Tirkmeli ufro didia” 

(kviwinia, 1997: 127). 

a-WPaZN “nerwyvi” 

71

orkomponentiani rTuli sityvaa. pirveli komponentia piris 

aRmniSvneli a-WPN sityvis fuZe, romelsac mierTvis wylis aRmniSvneli a- 

ZN sityvis fuZe. Tavdapirveli semantikaa “piris wyali”. 

aWPaZM zMrSPua auatalaqGa irMx˜Zup aJGZM uatalaqGa “nerwyvis 

gamomyof jirkvlebs sanerwyve jirkvlebi ewodeba” (kviwinia, 1997: 

104). 

a-WPN, abaz. WPa “piri” 

g. rogavas marTebuli TvalsazrisiT, saerTo afxazur-adiRuri 

fuZea, romlis konsonantebs Sorisac kanonzomieri bgeraTSesatyvisobaa: 

adiR. J P a afx.-abaz. (a-)WPN, ubix. WPM (rogava 1975: 50). 

Cveni mxriv davamatebdiT, rom amosavali saerTo afxazur-abazuri 

praforma Semounaxavs abazur enas WPa variantis saxiT. 

afhGMzba lWPM anMlMZGZGa “qaliSvilma piri rom daibana...” (narTebi.., 

2000: 54). 

iWPM xtMm “daRvremilia”, zedmiw.: “misi piri axdili ar aris”. 

iWPM akit “damunjda”, zedmiw.: “misma pirma daikava”. 

iWPM fMrCPuam “uars ar etyvian”, zedmiw.: “mis pirs isini ar 

gatexen”. 

a-WPNryãra, abaz. WPNryãra “didi piri” 

fuZeSi udavod Sedis pris aRmniSvneli saxelis WPM Ziri, romlis 

momdevno nawili aSkarad masdaris fuZea da Seicavs kauzativis r- 

prefiqss, yã Zirsa da masdaris mawarmoebel -ra sufiqss, Tumca mTlad 

cxadi ar aris yã Ziris semantika. 

a-WPNwa abJ., a-WPAwa bzif. “sasa” 

fuZe Sedgeba a-WPN ”piri” da A-wa “fskeri, Ziri” saxelebis 

Zirebisagan. amosavali semantikaa “piris Rrus fskeri”, rac imas niSnavs, 

rom termini Tavdapirvelad sasis nacvlad piris Rrus fskers aRniSnavda 

da Semdgom moxda semantikis gadaweva. sainteresoa, rom afxazur enas 

usesxebia qarTuli sasa termini, oRond a-sAsa formas aqvs pirutyvis 

piris, xaxis mniSvneloba. 

72

aWPMwa xMx˜tGi aTuan “sasis zeda TaRi” (kviwinia, 1997: 99). 

a-xagGTA abJ., a-agGTA bzif., ÃagGTA // ÃMqGTA abaz. “Txemi” 

amosavali saxeobaa abazuri ÃagGTA, rigiT meorea abazurive ÃMqGTA, 

romelic miRebulia a > M gadasvlisa da fSvinvieri T-s gavleniT gG > qG 

nawilobrivi asimilaciis Sedegad. bzifuri a-agGTA warmoqmnila 

amosavali Ã Tanxmovnis spirantad spontanuri gardaqmnis gziT, xolo 

abJuuri varianti misgan momdinareobs. 

iblaqGa ixagGTax˜ ixalt M”Tvalebi Sublze auvida, gaocda, gaognda”, 

zedmiw.: “Tvalebi Txemze auvida” (kaslanZia, 1995: 24) 

a-xaJGLabJP “kefa” 

kompozitia, romelic sami fuZis SeerTebiT aris nawarmoebi: a-xN 

“Tavi” + A-JGLa “mxari” + A-bJPa “naxevari” (kaslanZia 1998:: 93), Tumca 

semantikuri mxare Semdgom kvlevas moiTxovs, vinaidan cxadi ar aris, Tu 

ra kavSiria kefas, mxarsa da naxevars Soris. 

a-xafNc abJ.,. a-apNc bzif, fMc abaz. “kbili” 

afxazuri variantebi miRebulia abazuri fMc saxeobis Tavis 

aRmniSvneli xa < a ZiriT garTulebis gziT. bzifuri formaSi p 

Tanxmovani disimilaciis Sedegia. varaudoben, rom abazurSi pirveladi 

fMc sityva niSnavda “wina, saWrel kbils” da Sedgeba “wina”-s 

aRmniSvneli f Zirisa (ix. zemoT a-fM-n-wa “cxviri”) da abJ.-bzif. A-c 

“cxovelis kbili, eSvi” sityvis c Zirisagan. Tavis mxriv, am c Zirs 

akavSireben calis, erTeulis aRmniSvnel saerTo iberiul-kavkasiur c 

ZirTan (deetersi, 1963: 78-79; lomTaTiZe 1941: 205; burWulaZe 1988: 251-252; 

abdokovi 1983: 85). 

ZMda yGaraSP (axafMcqGa) “uwylo riye” (gamocanis pasuxi: kbilebi) 

(gulia, 1985: 189). 

narTaa zMzneKuaz auaa rxafMcqGa mMcxGM iSPkGakGanM, dara uaa 

eiqGawGazaap “im xalxs, romlebTanac narTebi midiodnen, kbilebi 

73

Zalian TeTri hqoniaT, xolo Tavad Savebi yofilan” (narTebi.., 2000: 

45). 

zxafMc kafsaz arasa icGMmRup “ukbilos Txili ezizReba”. 

a-xafNcJM abJ., a-afNcJM bzif., fNcJM abaz. “RrZili” 

kompozitia. nawarmoebia ori saxelis fuZis SeerTebiT: a-xafNc // a- 

afNc “kbili” + a-JM “xorci”, anu “kbilis xorci”. 

aq˜MSG aLnuwyatGi acGa KzlMxu axafMcJM “piris Sida kanisagan Sedgeba 

RrZili” (kviwinia, 1997: 99). 

fuZeebisagan. 

a-xASTax˜ abJ., a-ASTax˜ bzif. “kefa” 

rTuli sityvaa. Sedgeba a-xN // a-N “Tavi” + A-STax˜ “ukan” 

a-xaWPsAxã abJ., a-aWPsAxã bzif. “saxe, pirisaxe” 

miRebulia a-xaWPN // a-aWPN “saxe, pirisaxe” kompozitze qarTulidan 

nasesxebi a-sAxã < saxe fuZis mierTebis gziT. 

a-xaWPN abJ., a-aWPN bzif., WPaÃa abaz. “saxe, pirisaxe” 

Sedgeba Tavis aRmniSvneli Ãa > a > xa Zirisa da piris 

aRmniSvneli WPa > WPM Zirebisagan. amosavali semantika “Tav-piri” 

Seicvala “pirisaxi”-s mniSvnelobad. tapanTurSi “pirisaxis” 

mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba lakTa-c, rac etimologiurad “Tvalis Weris 

adgils, e.i. Tvalbudes” niSnavs, xolo afxazurSi gamoiyeneba “mzera, 

gamoxedva, gamometyvelebi”-s mniSvnelobiT. 

a-xSPNL abJ., a-SPNL bzif. “tvini” 

sityvis istoriisa da agebulebis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT, momdevno 

nawilSi. 

amCi axSPMLi Kara igMm “Zala da goni, Wkua mas ar aklia” (narTebi.., 

2000: 18). 

74

ixSPML fMrueKt “araseriozulia, Wkuamxiarulia”, zedmiw.: “misi Wkua 

dafrinavs”. 

ixSPML TaSGeKt “daWkvianda, Wkua moemata”, zedmiw.: “misi Wkua Sig 

Cavarda, Wkua Cauvarda”. 

a-xSPNbaL // a-xNbaL abJ., a-SPlNbaL // a-SPNbaL bzif., ÃabM // 

ÃabMlaSPa abaz. “Tavis tvini; Tavis qala” 

Cveni azriT, arqetipad unda CaiTvalos abazuri ÃabMlaSPa 

varianti, romelic aSkara siZveles gviCvenebs. igi Sedgeba Semdegi 

komponentebisagan: Ãa “Tavi” + bM < ba < * baa “Zvali” (Sdr. realurad 

damoukidebel sityvad arsebuli abazuri ba) + gaurkveveli semantikis 

laSPa (Sdr. zemoT msjeloba A-baLlaS P a sityvis Sesaxeb). abazuri ÃabM 

variantic gvidasturebs, rom es forma realurad dasturdeboda 

damoukidebel sityvad. rac Seexeba abJuur da bzifur variantebs, isini 

sxvadasxva fonetikur procesTa moqmedebiT gvian warmoqmnili formebia. 

aseve axalia abJ. a-xSPNL da bzif. a-xSPNL “tvini” saxeobebic da isinic imave 

arqetipisagan momdinareoben. rac Seexeba warmodgenil formaTa 

semantikas, isini, erTi mxriv, aRniSnaven “Tavis tvins”, meore mxriv ki 

“Tavis qalas”. 

vfiqrobT, Tavdapirvelad Tavis qalas aRniSvnis funqcia unda 

hqonoda ÃabM “Tavis Zvali” variants, ÃabMlaSPa varianti ki albaT 

“Tavis tvins”. SesaZloa, laSPa komponenti ukavSirdebodes (a)laSPa 

“naTeli” saxels da terminSi Sehqonda semantika “Tavis qalas naTeli, 

TeTri [nivTiereba]”. 

awGa zTagMlou aSPTa zlakGMrSPou amasarqGa uaL xMbaLla iTGup “vaSli 

rom dgas, im ezos garSemo Robe (sarebi) adamianis Tavis qalebiT 

aris savse” (narTebi, 2000: 95). 

ubri axSPMbaL aup uabxGa ixMx˜ xGSGM “is Tavis tvini aris Seni 

mamamTilis (simamris) Tavis tkivilis wamali” 

a-xN abJ., a-N bzif., Ãa abaz. “Tavi” 

75

p. Waraia afxazur (abJuur) sityvas akavSirebda qarTul Txem-i 

saxelTan (Waraia 1912: 42-43), rac problemuria. 

akad. q. lomTaTiZe samarTlianad miiCnevda, rom zemoT 

dasaxelebuli sami afxazur-abazuri formidan fonetikurad uZvelesi 

(amosavali) varianti Semonaxulia abazur enaSi, bzifuri da abJuuri 

variantebi ki misgan momdinareoben Ã > > x da a > M gardaqmnaTa 

safuZvelze (vrclad ix. lomTaTiZe 1944: 29; lomTaTiZe 1954: 37; 

lomTaTiZe 1976: 112, lomTaTiZe 1980: 57). 

ixM aqGiweKt “Tavi gawira”, zedmiw.: “Tavi zed dado”. 

sxM xMSGwGa “pasuxs vageb, rom...”, zedmiw.: “Cemi Tavi momaWeriT” 

xMla dnMyGoKt “Wkviania, yvela nabiji gaTvlili aqvs”, zedmiw.: 

“TaviT dadis”. 

axM aTanM “organizebulad, gaTvliT, gonivrulad”, zedmiw.: “Tavis 

micemiT”. 

a-xNsmacGA // a-xNsga nacGA “saCvenebeli TiTi” 

terminis pirveli varianti momdinareobs orsityviani meore 

variantisagan. A-xNs-ga formaSi xNs fuZe ukavSirdeba a-xNs-ra “srola” 

zmnas, -ga samoqmedo iaraRis aRmniSveli sagangebo sufiqsia. 

meore sityva a-nacGa “xelis TiTi” sityvis fuZea. mTlianad termini 

iTargmneba rogorc “TiTi, romliTac isvrian, sasroli TiTi”. termini 

gulisxmobs cecxlsasroli iaraRidan srolas, ris gamoc unda 

davaskvnaT, rom orive varianti ver iarsebebda gviandel Sua 

saukuneebamde, sanam afxazTa winaprebs Soris masobrivad ar 

gavrceldeboda cecxlsasroli iaraRi. 

saCvenebeli TiTis Tavdapirveli saxelwodeba Semounaxavs 

tapanTur dialeqts fSPMga “saCvenebeli” formiT, romelic ukavSirdeba 

“cqeris, mzeris” aRmniSvnel fSP-ra zmnas da Seicavs samoqmedo iaraRis 

-ga sufiqss. 

a-xGAmc “sxeulis nawili wels zemoT, torsi” 

sityvis struqtura naTeli ar aris. moiTxovs damatebiT kvlevas. 

tapanTurSi gamoiyeneba sityva ÃGadi “sxeuli”, romelic ar gvxvdeba 

76

afxazurSi. a-xGAmc da ÃGadi formebSi xGa da ÃGa segmentebi ver gaigivdeba 

imis gamo, rom bzifur dialeqtSi ÃG fonemis fardad ar dasturdeba 

mosalodneli specifikuri G spiranti. 

axGamc abaLqGa “sxeulis Zvlebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 23). 

A-xGda abJ., a-Gda bzif. “kiseri; yeli”, abaz. ÃGda “kiseri” 

amosavali forma unda yofiliyo *ÃGada, romelic realurad ar 

dasturdeba. arqetipTan yvelaze axlos abazuri formaa, romlisganac 

miRebulia bzif. a-Gda > abJ. A-xGda. semasiologiurad sainteresoa, rom 

tapanTur dialeqtSi yabardoulidan nasesxebi Tamay ar gamoiyeneba 

kisris mniSvnelobiT da aRniSnavs mxolod “yels” (amiWba 1967: 147). 

ixGda aZaxGa axarweKt “mokles”, zedmiw.: “yelze vazi Semoaxvies, 

moabes”. 

ixGda aa-lak irzMHom “Zalian msuqania”, zedmiw.: “mis kisers rva 

ZaRli ver SeWams”. 

A-xGdaTagMla “nuSisebri (nuSura) jirkvali” 

rTuli terminia. pirveli komponentis a-xGda “kiseri; yeli” Sesaxeb 

ix. zemoT. meore komponenti TagMla zmna a-TagMlara-s “rames SigniT 

raRacis Cadeba, Cadgma” fuZea. terminis zedmiwevniTi semantikaa “yelSi 

Cadgmuli”. 

A-xGdacGa abJ, A-GdacGa bzif. “kani kefaze” 

kompozitia, romelic Sedgeba A-xGda // A-Gda “kiseri; yeli” da a-cGa 

“kani” saxelebis fuZeebisagan. zedmiwevniT niSnavs “kisris kans”. 

a-xAxGda abJ., a-AGda bzif., ÃaÃGda abaz. “kefa” 

Sedgeba Tavis aRmniSvneli Ãa > a > xa Zirisa da kisris, yelis 

aRmniSvneli ÃGda > Gda > xGda fuZisagan. amosavali semantikaa “kisris 

zemoTa (nawili)”. 

77

a-xGdajAl abJ., a-GdajAl bzif. “kefa” 

rTulfuZiani terminis pirveli komponentia 

kisris, yelis 

aRmniSvneli Gda > xGda fuZe, meore komponentis raoba da warmomavloba 

cxadi ar aris. 

axMbaL abaLqGa hGa irMfxãZoKt: axGdajal.. . “Tavis qalis Zvlebia: 

kefa...” (kviwinia, 1997: 31). 

a-xGdNrra “xrtili” 

saxelis struqtura da warmomavloba naTeli ar aris da moiTxovs 


ayGratGra axGdMrra “saxsris xrtili” (kviwinia, 1997: 63). 

a-xGlamSGN // a-xGlamSGA “xaxa” 

saxelis struqtura da warmomavloba cxadi ar aris da moiTxovs 


aHatG aWPM agGaLara ayMntGi nay iax˜Talo acGeiJxGTa iax˜Zup axGlamSGM. 

“organos, sadac piridan saWmeli gadadis, xaxa hqvia” (kviwinia, 1997: 

108). 

a-xGNcG “yeli” 

saxelis struqtura da warmomavloba cxadi ar aris da moiTxovs 


A-jMmS “warbi”, abaz. jMmsa “warbi” 

ufro Zveli abazuri varianti Cans. masSi SiSina j Tanxmovnis 

zegavleniT moxda sisina s Tanxmovnis asimilacia da miviReT afxazuri 

varianti (Sagirovi 1982: 43). g. klimovis azriT, abazurSi daculi msa 

fuZe gvxvdeba afxazur sityvaSi a-qamsa “gawewili, balniani, banjgvliani” 

(Sagirovi 1982: 59), Tumca mkvlevarma ver axsna am ukanaskneli sityvis qa 

segmentis raoba. amitom unda davaskvnaT, rom arc warbisa da arc 

banjgvlianis aRmniSvneli fuZeebis morfologiuri struqtura jer kidev 

ar garkveula. 

78

ajMmSeifSP deKlahGoup “koxtad, kargad acvia”, zedmiw.: “warbiviT 

aris gaxveuli, Semosili”. 

atM ablaqGa anau, ajMmS iahGon “rodesac bum Tvalebi miiRo, warbs 

iTxovda”. 

a-LNwra, abaz. Nwara “iRlia” 

fonetikuri arqetipi SenarCunebulia abazurSi, xolo afxazuri 

varianti fonetikur cvlilebaTa Sedegadaa miRebuli, kerZod: 

faringaluri labializebuli spiranti gardaqmnilia meoreul L 

spirantad, bolodan meore umaxvilo a xmovani ki reducirebulia. 

fuZeSi aSkarad gamosayofia polifunqciuri sityvaTmawarmoebeli 

-ra sufiqsi. SesaZloa, wa “fskeris, Ziris” aRmniSvneli saxelis Ziri 

iyos. rac Seexeba N > LN segments, misi raoba gaurkvevelia. 

iRliis aRsaniSnad dasturdeba agreTve abJ. a-mRNwra da bzif. a- 

mRrNwa. x. bRaJba maTSi samarTlianad xedavda r Tanxmovnis metaTeziss: 

amosavali forma abJuuri unda iyos da masSi gamosayofia 

polifunqciuri sityvaTmawarmoebeli -ra sufiqsi (bRaJba, 2006: 121), Tumca 

danarCeni nawilebis raoba sarkvevia. 

bLMwra iwak “Sens iRliaSi damale” (narTebi.., 2000: 19). 

amrigad, Cven mier sinqroniul da diaqroniul WrilebSi 

gaanalizebuli adamianis anatomiasTan dakavSirebuli saxelwodebebi 

saSualebas gvaZlevs, gamovitanoT Semdegi daskvnebi: 

1. terminTa umravlesoba saxelebia; 

2. saxelTa didi nawili kompozituri Sedgenilobisaa; 

3. sauxerxulo semantikis gadmosacemad gamoiyeneba tabuirebisa da 

evfemizaciis xerxi; 

4. nasesxebi leqsika minimaluri raodenobiT aris warmodgenili; 

5. adamianis sxeulis nawilebis amsaxveli terminebis didi nawili 

dasturdeba frazeologizmebSi da mxatvrul teqstebSi; 

79

6. frazeologiur erTeulTa didi nawili Sedgenilobisa da 

semantikis mxriv srulad, an nawilobriv emTxveva qarTul 

frazeologizmebs. 

Tavi II 

daavadebebTan da mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika 

1. daavadebaTa saxelwodebani 

daavadebaTa aRmniSvneli afxazuri saxelebidan SedarebiT mcirea 

martivfuZiani saxelebi, maTi umravlesoba derivaciis, an fuZeTa 

Serwymis (kompoziciis) gziT warmoqmnili terminia. aRsaniSnavia isic, 

rom am jgufis saxelTa sakmaod didi nawili neologizmebia. 

qvemoT jer warmovadgenT konkretul terminTa struqturulsemantikur 

analizs, Semdeg ki SevajamebT mTlianad am jgufis 

saxelwodebaTa kvlevis ganzogadebul Sedegebs. 

Aapkra, tap. Äapkra “cofi” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis arsebiTi saxelia. 

gamoiyeneba frazeologizmis SemadgenlobaSic: daapkMr 

dzMdWPahGalo “uaxloesi, yvelaze sando adamiani” (zedmiw.: “visac 

gacofebulTan miabamen xolme”). 

es sityva erTpiriani gardauvali zmnis masdaria, romlisganac 

iwarmoeba dro-kiloTa formebi: Kaapkit “is (n.) gacofda”, daapkit “is (ad.) 

gacofda”. gamoiyofa masdaris mawarmoebeli -ra sufiqsi da aqeTa 

mimarTulebis aa- < Äa- zmniswini, Ziria pk, romlis struqtura naTeli 

araa. varaudis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom SesaZlebelia masSi 

warmodgenili iyos a-k-ra “daWera, Sepyroba” zmnis k Ziri, romelic 

xSirad dasturdeba daavadebaTa afxazur saxelebSi (ix. qvemoT). Tu es 

varaudi sworia, sityva kompozituri bunebisa yofila, cofis saxelad ki 

p Ziri unda CaiTvalos da semantikurad unda aRniSnavdes “cofisagan 

Sepyrobas”. 

80

daapkMr dzMdWPahGalo “yvelaze axlobeli adamiani”, zedmiwevniT 

“Tu gagiJda, visac miabamen; is, viszec gacofebuls miabamen” 

ala aapkMr – RGadaya icoKt. “ZaRli rom gacofdeba, RvadaSi garbis” 

(gulia, 1985: 170) 

ancGA aTAzaara “wminda vites daavadeba” 

zedmiwevniT: “raRacis SigniT, e.i sxeulSi RmerTis yofna”. 

sintagma tabuirebis magaliTia da gamoxatavs fsevdodadebiT konotacias. 

ancGA CNmazara “wiTela” 

zedmiwevniT: “RmerTis, RvTaebrivi daavadeba”. sintagma tabuirebis 

magaliTia da gamoxatavs fsevdodadebiT konotacias. 

niSnavs. 

a-barbAc “alergia, kanze gamonayari” 

sityva nasesxebia megrulidan, sadac barbac-i “gamonayars, qavils” 

a-baL-kGadarA “raqitizmi” 

saxelis SemadgenobaSi Sedis: arsebiTi saxeli a-baL “Zvali” + 

qarTulidan nasesxebi zedsarTavi saxeli a-kGada “susti”, xolo -ra – 

masdaris mawarmoebelia. zedmiwevniT saxeli niSnavs “Zvlis sisustes”. 

afxazur sityva a-kGada-s q.lomTaTiZe adarebs Zv. qarTul mkodovis. 

akGadasTan dakavSirebul statiaSi mkvlevars mohyavs k. boudas 

azri, afxazursa da abazurSi arsebuli a-kGada “susti, uZluri” sityva 

ukavSirdeba adiRur enaTa kGadMn fuZes, rac niSnavs “ufskruls”, 

“dakargvas”. amave sityvasTan dakavSirebiT lomTaTiZes mohyavs abdokovis 

mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom a-kGada dakavSirebulia pirveli nawilis 

saxiT adiRur kGaWPa-sTan, rac “Zalas” niSnavs, xolo meore 

safuZvelzedac warmoqmnilia kGada sityvis mniSvneloba “uZluri”, 

“susti”. 

81

q. lomTaTiZis azriT, igi ukavSirdeba Zveli qarTulis mkodovi 

fuZis amosaval *mkvedav (→*mkodav ›*mkodov) saxeobas afxazuris 

Sesabamisi gaxmovanebiT da kidura Tanxmovanebis “mokveciT”. 

Zveli qarTulis “mkodovi” niSnavs “Raribi”, “Rataki”. Raribis 

gagebaSi xSirad swored “sustis”, “uZluris” mniSvnelobiT iCens Tavs. 

mkodovi sityvis amosavali unda iyos qarTuli kvdoma zmnis kved 

(kvedav) fuZe, romelsac savsebiT kanonzomierad afxazurSi sesxebisas 

unda moeca kvad(a). xolo qarTulSi moqmed fonetikur procesTa niagadze 

mosalodneli iyo aseve misi kvd( ›kd)||kod saxeobebi. 

Zv. qarTulis mkodov-isa “Raribi” (etimologiurad “susti”, 

“uZluri” < “momakvdavi”) da afxazur-abazuri meoreuli variantis 

mimarTeba sainteresoa im mxriv, rom sityvis pirvandeli mniSvneloba 

sakmaod miaxloebuli semantikiT Semounaxavs afxazur-abazurs 

(lomTaTiZe, 1998: 7-8). 

a-baLfwGarA “motexiloba” 

termini kompozitia da warmoebulia a-baL “Zvali” arsebiTi 

saxelisa da a-fwGara “motexa, mowyveta” masdaris fuZeTa SeerTebis gziT. 

am dros masdars aRar erTvis zogadi formis mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsi. 

a-bzIa “wiTela” 

tabuirebuli termini. zedmiwevniT “kargi”. 

afxazur enaSi mravlad gvxvdeba terminebi, romlebic daavadebas 

aRweriT, mTeli frazis, an sintagmis meSveobiT gadmoscemen. 

sayuradReboa, rom aRniSnul terminTa erTi nawili aRniSnavs im 

gadamdeb daavadebebs (yvavili, wiTela, wiTura, yivanaxvela, wminda vites 

daavadeba...), romlebsac sxvadasxva eTnosSi gansakuTrebuli ridiT 

epyrobian da maT RvTisagan, Tu RvTaebaTagan movlenilad miiCneven. am 

daavadebaTa mimarT xalxis SiSi da mowiweba imiTac gamoixateba, rom maT 

zogad saxelwodebad tabuirebuli sityva “batonebi” (afxazurad ahcGa ix. 

qvemoT) ixmareba, xolo sneuls gansakuTrebulad uvlian, uqmnian 

sasiamovno garemos, rTaven da kazmaven binas, daavadebuls arToben 

82

musikiTa da simReriT, usruleben survilebs, eridebian ukmayofilebis 

gamoxatvas, arasasiamovno Temebze (magaliTad, sikvdilze) saubars da a.S. 

aRniSnul daavadebaTa mimarT aseTi damokidebulebis amsaxvelia 

Sesabamis saxelwodebebSi sityva “RmerTis”, an zedsarTav “kargis” 

gamoyeneba (“RmerTis daavadeba”, “raRacis SigniT, e.i sxeulSi RmerTis 

yofna”, “kargi xvela”, Sdr. Wleqi, romelic “batonebis” kategoriaSi ar 

Sedis, ris gamoc mas “cudi xvela” hqvia”). 

acGMrfSPZa uaLM ianix˜lakg˜M “abzia” hGa KaSTan, ax˜Z rhGomMzt, nasg˜M 

ikGaSPon “rodesac adamiani wiTelaTi an yvaviliT avaddeboda, mis 

(daavadebis) saxels ar iZaxdnen, Tan cekvavdnen” (gublia, 1965: 96) 

a-blN “Tiaqari” 

aq blM martivi fuZea, nawarmoebia a-bMl-rA “wva” (i-bl-it “daiwva”) 

zmnisgan. amgvar axsnas semantikuri dabrkoleba ar axlavs, vinaidan 

saxelis motivacia emyareba TiaqarisTvis damaxasiaTebel simptoms – am 

daavadebas Tan sdevs wvis SegrZneba. termini a-blN “Tiaqari” 

martivfuZiani mimReobaa, am tipis mimReobebi ki afxazurSi metad 

gavrcelebulia (lomTaTiZe, 1979: 216). 

*** 

ahaSP knahanM acGA axMzxxãda? 

ajmafS amca KaqGJnM izbMlxãda? 

maTafS waknM “x˜i” zhGaxãda? 

sMmST bzioup, 

axãa rtGaga afsMf ala suTGhGoKt, 

CHHu, CHHu, CHHu! (agrba olRa, z. eSera) 

“panta msxali vin Camokida da kani vin gaacala? 

yavisferi Seferilobis Txa vin daagdo cecxlze da vin dawva? 

kavkasiuri gvelgesla vin damala da “xi” vin Tqva? 

Cemi fexi kargia (kargi fexi maqvs), 

tkivils SeberviT Segilocav, 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu (Sebervis bgeriTi mibaZva)”. 

83

A-bru//mNbru 

saqonlis daavadebis saxelia. pirutyvi avaddeba, Tu SeWams im 

foTols, romelSic muxluxoa gaxveuli. afxazurad A-bru “muxluxos” 

niSnavs (kvarWia 1981: 44). SesaZlebelia, bru qarTulidan iyos nasesxebi, 

Sdr.: bru-al-i, Tav-bru. terminis araafxazur warmoSobaze auslautSi 

warmodgenili u xmovanic unda mianiSnebdes, romelic aq ar unda 

yofiliyo. 

a-bMlrA, abaz. bMlrA “damwvroba” 

am SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia igive Ziri bl/bMl: bMl martivi 

zmnuri morfemaa, xolo -ra – masdaris mawarmoebeli. 

cGi-JGi eivaknM inxaxãda, 

acgGM ala eiSPuanM izbaxãda?! 

ajMmScGa lawanM iaazrMxxãda, 

ajma waknM icGaRGaxãda?! 

abMlra xãaup hGa zahaxãda?! 

uK – alafSP! (gulia, 1939: 170) 

“xari da Zroxa erTad Sebmuli vis dautovebia, 

kata rom ZaRls uyefdes, vis unaxavs?! 

xaxvis CenCo daTesviT vis mouyvania, 

Txis SebmiT vis uxnavs?! 

damwvroba tkiviliao, vis gaugia?! 

ui – gaTvalva!” 

a-gGaangNlara “guliscemis SeCereba; ariTmia”. 

saxeli nawarmoebia a-gGM “guli” fuZisa da aangMlara “gaCereba, 

SeCereba” masdaris SeerTebiT. am kompozituri masdarisagan zmnis 

klasovan-pirovan formaTa warmoebis dros kompoziti iSleba Semadgenel 

or komponentad da gulis aRmniSvneli fuZe subieqtis gamomxatvel 

saxelad rCeba, xolo meore komponenti (masdari) zmnis Cveulebriv 

formad iqceva: sgGM aangMloKt “Cemi guli Cerdeba, guli miCerdeba”. 

vfiqrobT, kompozitis aseTi qceva imis amsaxvelia, rom masdari a- 

gGaangMlara ukve terminologizebulia (leqsikalizebulia) - samedicino 

84

Sinaarsis mqone terminadaa qceuli da konkretuli sneulebis 

aRmniSvneli dasaxelebis (nominatiuri) formaa, Tumca mis Semadgenel 

nawilebs jer kidev ver mouswriaT bolomde erTmaneTTan Serwyma. 

a-gGaxEÁwMwra “gulis gafarToeba (daavadeba)” 

kompozitia. a-gGM “guli”, x – a-xM “Tavi” sityvis konsonaturi 

nawilia, aÁ- saurTierTo kategoriis prefiqsi. a-wMwra “raimedan gamosvla, 

raimedan amosvla” zmnisagan momdinare wM-w-ra segmentSi pirveli w aris 

fuZe-windebuli, meore ki – Zir-sufiqsi. mTlianad es sityva niSnavs 

“gulis Tavis zemoT gamosvlas”, anu “gadidebas, gafarToebas”. 

a-gGawGNx˜, bzif. a-gGawGkrA “filtvebis anTeba” 

terminebis pirvel komponentad RviZlis aRmniSvneli a-gGawGa fuZe 

gamodis, abJuur variantSi meore komponentia tkivilis, senis aRmniSvneli 

x˜ Ziri, xolo bzifur variantSi a-k-ra “daWera, dakaveba, Sepyroba” zmnis 

fuZe. Sesabamisad, abJuuri saxeli zedmiwevniT aRniSnavs “RviZlis 

tkivils”, bzifuri ki “RviZlis Sekavebas”, rac realiisa da misi 

saxelwodebebis Seusabamobis magaliTia _ saxelebi xom filtvis 

daavadebas aRniSnaven da ara RviZlisas! damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs 

sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra mizezma gamoiwvia terminis Tavdapirveli 

semantikis gadaweva. 

a-gGEKsra “guliscema” 

kompoziti nawarmoebia a-gGMGN“guli” saxelisa da aKsra “Zgera, 

cema” zmnis fuZis SeerTebiT. iseve rogorc zemoT ganxiluli zogierTi 

termini, am sityvis Semadgeneli komponentebic damoukidebel sityvebad 

aRiqmeba. es vlindeba dro-kiloTa formebis warmoebisas kompozitis or 

damoukidebel sityvad daSlisas. magaliTad, sgGM eKsueKt “Cemi guli 

Zgers, guli miZgers”. 

a-gGxASPTra “amnezia” 

termini kompozitia da warmoebulia a-gGM “guli” arsebiTi 

saxelisa da a-xaSPTra “daviwyeba” masdaris fuZeTa SeerTebis gziT. am 

85

dros masdars aRar erTvis zogadi formis mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsi. 

zedmiwevniT “gulmaviwyoba”. 

a-gGNqGbMlra “kuWis wva” 

kompoziti Sedgeba a-gGMGN“guli” saxelisa da a-qG-bMlra “risame 

ramis zedapirze wva” masdaris Serwymis gziT. igulisxmeba kuWis wvis 

dros mJavianobis momatebis SegrZneba kuWis zemoT, saylapavi milis zeda 

nawilSi, rac adamianis anatomiis naklebad mcodne adamians sakuTriv 

gulis zedapirze, gulis kovzis SigniTa mxares mimdinare procesad 

eCveneba. amitom gaesmis xazi am afxazur sityvaSi gulze, gulis 

zedapirze wvas. am kompozitur masdarsac igive Tavisebureba axasiaTebs, 

rac zemoTganxilul a-gGaangMlara da a-gGeKsra terminebs. sityva a- 

gGMqGbMlra-s SemTxvevaSic, misi Semadgeneli komponentebic damoukidebel 

sityvebad aRiqmeba. es vlindeba dro-kiloTa formebis warmoebisas 

kompozitis or damoukidebel sityvad daSlisas: igGM MqGbMlueKt “mas 

kuWi ewvis”. 

adiReuri gGMSxabJP, a. Sagirovis azriT, gamomdinreobs gGM-dan, Sxa 

“Tavi” da zmnis fuZe bJP “wiwkna, wva” (Sagirovi 1977: 121) 

a-gGNCmazara “gulis daavadeba” 

kompoziti miRebulia ori arsebiTi saxelis fuZis SeerTebiT: a-gGM 

“guli” da a-CNmazara, a-CmazarA “daavadeba, avadmyofoba“. afxazurSi 

mravlad gvxvdeba daavadebebis aRmniSvneli sityvebi, romelTa pirveli 

komponenti aris msazRvreli, kerZod, daavadebuli organos saxeli, 

xolo meore komponenti sazRvruli sityvebi a-CMmazara “daavadeba”, an a- 

xãa > -x˜ “tkivili”. magaliTad, aWPNwa-x˜ “suravandi”, axGAfa-CmazarA 

“sokovani daavadeba”. 

a-gGNwalara “1. gulis manki; 2. risame mZimed gancda, ramis gamo 

wuxili” 

nawarmoebia a-gGMGN“guli” saxelisa da a-walara “risame qveS 

Sesvla” masdarisagan. gulis manki realurad warmoadgens Ria arteriul 

xvrels, winagulTaSua da parkuWTaSua Zgidis defeqts, rac iwvevs 

86

hemodinamikur darRvevebs. saanalizo sityvis struqtura da Semadgenel 

komponentTa amosavali semantikis jami axlos ar dgas TviT gulis 

mankis specifikasTan. magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom Cveni 

winaprebi ar iyvnen Rrmad Caxeduli adamianis anatomiasa da Sinagani 

organoebis fiziologiis sakiTxebSi, am sityvis etimologia sxvagvarad 

unda aixsnas. Cveni azriT, erT-erTi axsna aseTi SeiZleba iyos: 

SesaZlebelia, afxazuri termini a-gGMwalara “manki” dakavSirebuli iyos 

gulis mankisTvis damaxasiaTebel guliswasvlis, anu gulis “gaparvis”, 

sxeulis siRrmeSi “CaZirvis” SegrZnebasTan. rac Seexeba terminis meore 

mniSvnelobas (“risame mZimed gancda, ramis gamo wuxili”), igi unda 

ukavSirdebodes dardis gulis siRrmeSi SeRwevas. es sityvac, drokiloTa 

warmoebisas cal-calke sityvebad gvxvdeba: sgGN waloKt “raRacas 

Zalian ganvicdi”. 

a-dAgGa, abaz. dagG, ubix. dagGM, adiR. dagGa // dagGM “yru” 

a. Sagirovis azriT, termini adiRuri warmoSobisaa da miRebulia 

da “smena”, an “yuri” Zireul morfemaze gGa//qGa privatuli sufiqsis 

darTviT. avtori saanalizo sityvas adarebs SafsuRur dagGa “pirutyvis 

mokle yurebi” sityvasTan, sadac meore nawilSi gvxvdeba igive privatuli 

sufiqsi, romlis amosavalia damoukidebeli zedsarTavi “mokle”. a. 

Sagirovi wers, rom elementi “smenis”, an “yuris” aRmniSneli igive da 

Ziri warmodgenilia zmnaSi daÏGan “miyuradeba, yurad aReba”. 

avtoris azriT, gGa//qGa privatuli sufiqsi gvxvdeba ara marto 

adiRur enebSi, magram sityvis fuZismieri nawili (da) gvaZlevs safuZvels 

vifiqroT, rom afxazurSi, abazursa da ubixurSi saanalizo fuZe 

adiRuri nasesxobaa, xolo afxazuris meSveobiT es sityva Sevida 

megrulSic _ dagva “yru” (Sagirovi 1977 I: 145). Cven viziarebT a. Sagirovis 

am mosazrebas. 

adagGa izM LMntG adaul iasuam “yrusTvis dolze orjer ar ukraven” 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1986:193). 

a-dOu bzif. “jilexi” 

87

sityvis etimologia cxadi ar aris da damatebiT kvlevas 

moiTxovs. SesaZloa, igi nasesxebic iyos romelime enidan. 

aq moviyvanT jilexis sawinaaRmdego afxazuri Selocvis teqsts, 

romelSic jilexis saxelwodeba ar aris gamoyenebuli, magram 

sainteresoa, rom masSi ixsenieba wiTeli qaris aRmniSvneli termini 

“afSPra”. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom Selocva Tavdapirvelad 

gamoiyeneboda wiTeli qaris samkurnalod da Semdeg iqna gamoyenebuli 

jilexis sawinaaRmdegodac. 

*** 

eincGMSPi ZMrlaSGi 

eKfSP eKcMzbaxãda? 

ga ikMlga gaZM dzMrJGxãda? 

amSPMn acha aqGwanM ilMqGs LMqGsxãda? 

JGLan k˜Mb kMdMrgMlanM, 

ileiLeixãda? 

ga-fslMmZ JGlasM ikazMfsaxãda? 

afSPra saTGhGan, 

afSPra xMsceKt. 

axãa saTGhGan, 

axãa xMsceKt (gulia, 1939: 156) 

“xvliki da zRarbi 

erTmaneTis msgavsni erTad vis unaxavs? 

napirTan vin miiyvana da zRvis wyali vin daalevina? 

zRvas xidi vin daado da aqeT-iqiT vin dadioda? 

cas kibe vin miadga da 

zemoT-qvemoT vin adi-Camodioda? 

zRvis qviSas Teslis magivrad vin Tesda? 

qars Sevuloce, 

qari ganvdevne. 

tkivils Sevuloce, 

tkivili ganvdevne”. 

88

jilexis sawinaaRmdego sxva 

daavadebis saxeli: 

*** 

izzMrdMdMz izMrmacGMsMz 

atGMla zMrssaz. 

bJMsMmwaaxak eKWPazkMz 

bJJMcGugbarZMk ala azMrfsMz 

CHHu, CHHu, CHHu! 

SelocvaSic ar ixsenieba am 

“vinc iWeqa da iquxa, ielva, 

vinc dedamiwa daaqucmaca (daanawevra), 

vinc Svid SeSas cecxli waukida, 

vinc Svidi wveTiT Caaqro, 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu!” (informatori aviZba niusia kubaris asuli, soxumis 

raioni, zemoEeSera) 

a-dGax˜zNmcara “Sekruloba” 

kompoziti-termini. Sedgeba ori nawilisgan: a-dGM “ezo; mindori”, 

ax˜ “-ken” a-zMmcara “ver wasvla” (z- potencialisis prefiqsia, m- _ 

uaryofis nawilaki, ca Ziria, xolo -ra masdaris sufiqsi). zedmiwevniT: 

“gareT ver gasvla”, evfemizmi. 

A-Talou “qolera” 

adiReur-yabardoulSi gvxvdeba aseTive formiT. a. Sagirovi 

Tvlis, rom iseve, rogorc afxazur-abazuri, adiRuri Talou-c Turquli 

enebidan aris nasesxebi, Sdr.: TaTruli Talau “cxenebis daavadeba”, 

noRauri Talav “Wiri”, yumikuri Talav “avTvisebiani simsivne” (Sagirovi 

1977: 68). 

a-TAfTa “Ciyvi; cximgrova” 

terminis etimologia bundovania da damatebiT Ziebas moiTxovs. 

AKRrakra “Sekruloba” 

89

sityva iSleba ase: AK-Rra-k-ra. aK- saurTierTo kategoriis 

maCvenebelia, Rra igivea, rac a-RrA “muclis Rru”, romelic, Cveni azriT, 

nasesxebia qarTulidan (Sdr. qarT. Rru). sesxebisas r Tanxmovnis 

momdevnod mdgom u xmovans mxolod a xmovnad transformacia SeeZlo, 

xolo k-ra- segmenti momdinareobs a-k-ra “daWera, Sepyroba” sityvisagan. 

Sesabamisad afxazuri sityva AKRrakra niSnavs “muclis Rrus, anu 

Signeulobis erTianad daWeras, Sekvras”. afxazuri enisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli sityvis agebis wesebidan gamomdinare, terminSi 

saurTierTo kategoriis aK- prefiqsi ar unda darTuliyo nasesxebi 

arsebiTi saxelis win, vinaidan misi adgili zmnuri fuZis win iyo, magram 

raki mTlianad sityva ukve terminologizebulia, es wesi dairRva da 

saurTierTo kategoriis mawarmoebelic mTeli rTuli formis win 

gadajda. tipuri gamonaTqvamia: axGMWM deiRranakit “bavSvs Sekruloba 

aqvs, bavSvi kuWSia Sekruli”, zedmiwevniT: “bavSvi muclis Rrus 

Sekrulobam erTianad daiWira”. 

AKRrakra zMx~qGo adMrra uadaLup… “maTi gamocnoba, visac Sekruloba 

aqvs, Znelia...” (sabinecki, 1910: 22) 

aKmhGA “xvela”, aKmhGa-ra “daxveleba” 

termini aKmhGa “xvela” nazmnari saxelia da miRebulia masdaris 

aKmhGa-ra “daxveleba” formisagan masdaris mawarmoebeli -ra sufiqsis 

CamoSorebiT. aKmhGa fuZeSi gamoiyofa saurTierTo kategoriis 

mawarmoebeli aK- da lokatiuri m- prefiqsebi, Ziria “Tqmis” semantikis 

mqone hGa marcvali. 

aKmhGareK awas baafsi uzMwGaxuam “xvelas da cud znes ver damalav” 

(gulia, 1985: 159) 

aKmhGA baAfs “Wleqi” 

terminologiuri sintagmaa. Sedgeba aKmhGA “xvela” nazmnari 

arsebiTi saxelisa da a-baAfs(N) “cudi” zedsarTavi saxelisagan. 

zedmiwevniT: “cudi xvela”. Sesityveba gamoxatavs xalxis SefasebiT 

damokidebulebas, uaryofiT konotacias Wleqis, rogorc mZime senis 

mimarT. 

90

aKmhGA bzIa “yivanaxvela” 

terminologiuri sintagmaa. Sedgeba aKmhGA “xvela” arsebiTi 

saxelisa da a-bzia “kargi” zedsarTavi saxelisagan. zedmiwevniT: “kargi 

xvela”. Sesityveba gamoxatavs xalxis SefasebiT damokidebulebas, 

fsevdodadebiT konotacias yivanaxvelas mimarT. amgvari fsevdodadebiTi 

konotaciis gziT miiRweva tabuireba: realuri uaryofiTi 

damokidebulebis gamJRavneba, xalxis azriT, gaaRizianebda “batonebs” da 

sneulebas SeeZlo savalalo Sedegi gamoeRo. 

a-kanwMwNra “meWeWi” 

kompozituri agebulebis terminia. pirvel komponentad 

gamoyenebulia qarTulidan nasesxebi kan-i sityvis FfuZe (ix. zemoT), 

xolo meore nawilia afxazuri a-wN-w-ra “qvemodan gamosvla, amosvla” 

zmnis fuZe masdaris mawarmoebeli -ra sufiqsianad. amosavali semantikaa 

“kanis qvemodan amosuli” wanazardi. qarTul-afxazur fuZeTa SeerTebis 

Sedegad warmoqmnil axal terminSi maxvilma gadainacvla bolodan meore 

marcvalze, sadac igi mosalodneli ar iyo. amis mizezad unda CaiTvalos 

kompozitis semantikuri mxare: Tu maxvili darCeboda iqve, sadac igi 

moudis a-wN-w-ra zmnas, amas SeeZlo gamoewvia omonimia da erTimeores 

daemTxveoda meWeWis aRmniSvneli termini da “kanis amosvlis” 

aRmniSvneli Sesityveba. swored omonimiis Tavidan acilebis mizniT Cans 

gadanacvlebuli maxvili misTvis uCveulo adgilze. 

akanwMwNra cGa “meWeWiani kani” (sabinecki, 1910: 12) 

a-katijAr abJ. “durbeli, kisris jirkvlebis, limfuri kvanZis 

anTeba” 

termini nasesxebia megrulidan, sadac dasturdeba saxeli 

katujvar-i “mdgnali (mcen.); durbeli, limfuri jirkvlebis dasieba” (o. 

qajaia, megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni. t. II, Tb., 2002, gv. 112). 

bzifurSi gvxvdeba termini aTagG. x. bRaJbas mixedviT, abJuuri a- 

katijar megrulidan aris nasesxebi (bRaJba. 2006: 238) 

91

arsebobs katijvar-i variantic. sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi es 

termini Semdegi ganmartebiT gvxvdeba: “katujari – cxenis siraja” 

(sulxan-saba orbeliani, 1991-I, 359), “siraja – TurqTa enaa, qarTulad 

katujari hqvian“ (sulxan-saba orbeliani, 1993-II, 93). EqarTuli enis 

eleqtronul leqsikonSi katujaris ganmartebaSi moyvanilia termini 

“cxenis nafazi” (http://www.wingeo.org/lexicon/index.php/term/7,8127.xhtml). 

nafazi ki “sunTqvis Sekvras, xixins” niSnavs. megrulidan 

afxazurSi sesxebis dros sityvas gadahyolia mxolod erTi mniSvneloba 

(“durbeli, kisris jirkvlebis, limfuri kvanZis anTeba”), xolo 

fonematuri struqturis mxriv katijvar-i formaSi afxazurma ver igua 

mxolod j Tanxmovnis momdevnod mdgomi v Tanxmovani (analogiisaTvis 

Sdr.: qarT. jvar-i > afxaz. a-jar). 

a-kãtei CNmazara baafsN WPkN “dizenteria” 

terminologiuri Sesityveba zedmiwevniT iTargmneba, rogorc 

“nawlavebis cudi gadamdebi daavadeba”. am SemTxvevaSi saqme 

tabuirebasTan ara gvaqvs da senis saxeli sakmaod pirdapir gamoxatavs 

uaryofiT konotacias. 

a-kÑba, a-TagG bzif. “kibo” 

abJuuri termini nasesxebia qarTulidan sesxebis wesTa sruli 

dacviT: k Tanxmovnis momdevno i xmovans gamouwvevia Tanxmovnis 

palatalizacia da gadasula neitralur xmovnad, xolo bolokidura o 

xmovani kanonzomierad Secvlila a xmovniT (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 60). rac 

Seexeba bzifur termins, misi etimologia damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

A-larqGMqG abJ., a-kGMrwNk˜ bzif. “jiblibo“ 

abJuuri saxelwodeba aSkarad kompozitia: masSi gamoiyofa Tvalis 

aRmniSvneli a-la sityva da -rqGMqG segmenti, romelic amJamad calke 

sityvad ar dasturdeba. 

vfiqrobT, es segmenti unda Seicavdes kuTvnilebis mravlobiTi 

ricxvis mesame piris r- prefiqss (semantika: “maTi”), xolo darCenili 

qGMqG aw ukve gamqrali arsebiTi saxelis fuZea, romelic, Cveni varaudiT, 

92

sakuTriv jiblibos saxeli iyo. rac Seexeba bzifur saxels, misi 

etimologia damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

*** 

ala aSTax˜ sMnkMlafSPMn, 

kGMrwMk˜ zbeKt. 

kGMrwMk˜ TGhGala suTGhGeKt. 

CHu, CHu, CHu (informatori - olRa agrba, zemo eSera) 

“Tvalis ukan SeviWyite da 

jiblibo vnaxe. 

jiblibo SelocviT Segiloce. 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu”. 

A-lafSP a-kra // a-lafSPkra “gaTvalva, Tvali” 

saxelTa pirveli wyvilis pirveli komponentia a-la-fSP “mzera” 

(zedmiwevniT: “Tval-mzera”), am saxels meore komponentad erTvis masdari 

a-k-ra “daWera, dakaveba, Sepyroba, SeboWva”. saxeli niSnavs “mzerisgan, 

Tvalisgan daWeras, anu gaTvalvas. klasovan-pirovani formebi qarTulad 

iTargmneba ase: alafSP dakit “igi (adamiani) mzeram daiWira, e.i. 

gaiTvala”. 

terminologizaciis niadagze es fuZeebi garkveul SemTxvevebSi 

monoliTurni xdebian da kompozitad gvevlinebian _ iReben erTian zmnur 

gaformebas. magaliTad: axGMWM dlafSPkit “bavSvi gaTvalulia”. 

Selocva gaTvalvisgan: 

laxGa-wGMxGa Tast 

lafS-wGMfS Tast 

laSP-wGMSP Tast 

laRGra-wGMRGra Tast 

leKqGawGa-wGeKqGAwGa Tast 

aubaaJ ZMx˜MztGMz 

alafSPMcGg˜M aWPafSPMcGag˜ 

abJ-Sxan inarxMsKt 

ulafSPM ujam ianup 

93

ulafSPM uTaacGA irMmoup. 


“rux TvalSi ruxi Samfuri moxvda, 

wiTel TvalSi - wiTeli Samfuri, 

TeTr TvalSi – TeTri Samfuri, 

Wrel TvalSi – Wreli Samfuri, 

Sav TvalSi – Savi Samfuri. 

Waobi sufTaA wyarod vin gadaaqcia, 

cudi Tvalic, Tvalic, romelic cudad mzers, 

Svidi mTis iqiT ganvdevne, 

Seni Tvali Sens jamSi iyos, 

Seni Tvali – Sens ojaxs. 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu!” (informatori aviZba WimWa, kubaris as soxumis 

raioni, sof. zemo eSera) 

A-laSG, abaz. laSG “brma” 

saxelis pirveli komponentia (a-)la “Tvali”, SG komponentis raoba 

ki naTeli ar aris. a.Sagirovis azriT, adiReuri naф // yabardouli naSGM 

“brma” mTlianad Seesatyviseba afxazur-abazur variantebs: na “Tvali”, 

фM-n // SGM-n “lpoba” (Sagirovi 1977: 280). 

Tumca am varauds semantikuri dabrkoleba aqvs: ar aris axsnili, 

ratom ar dasturdeba afxazursa da abazurSi lpobis aRmniSvnelad SG 

Ziri. 

alaSG ablaqGa rMda dMnxoKt, axa afsadgMlda dMfsueKt. “brma 

Tvalebis gareSe cxovrobs, magram samSoblos gareSe mokvdeba” 

alaSG KKTaxu - iLMblak “rac brmas unda – ori Tvalia” (gulia, 1985: 

173) 

A-lafSP cGgÃ “avi Tvali, gaTvalva” 

terminologiuri Sesityveba zedmiwevniT “cud mzeras” niSnavs: A- 

lafSP “mzera”, a-cGgÃ “cudi”. 

94

a-maasIl “buasili” 

nasesxebia qarTuli enidan. 

mogvixerxda. 

a-maCarAba “cxenis daavadeba” 

terminis zusti semantikisa da etimologiis dadgena ver 

A-mgGaxasra “dizenteria” 

a-mgGa “mucelia” da a-xasra “epidemiis, daavadebis gavrceleba”, anu 

“muclis Rrus daavadebis gavrceleba”. 

A-mSGaaZa abJ., a-mSGaaZM bz. “osteomieliti” 

terminis Sedgeniloba bundovania, Tumca aSkarad kompozitia. 

fonetikurad bzifuri saxeoba ufro Zvelia. 

A-nTafsra “cudad gaxdoma, gulis wasvla, SeRoneba” 

n- iqiTa mimarTulebis na- preverbis TanxmovniTi nawilia, Talokatiuri 

preverbia, romelic zemodan qvemoT moqmedebas, an raimes 

SigniT yofnas aRniSnavs, xolo a-fsra “sikvdili, kvdoma”. termini 

zedmiwevniT “raimes SigniT sikvdils” niSnavs. 

a-JamrA “daavadeba, romlis simptomebia temperaturis momateba, 

umizezo tirili, rac CabJirebaSi gadadis da nevrozuloba” (naWyebia, 

2004: 5-8). daavadebis mizezad Tvlidnen saxlSi marto darCenili bavSvis 

SiSs. 

Cveni azriT, nasesxebia qarTveluri enebidan, sadac sityva 

“moJamul/moJamur”-s aseTive daxasiaTeba aqvs. 

axGMWM danJamua aTGhGa 

amCPMSPa dJamzar, 

aSGaa dJamzar, 

aLaSPa dJamzar, 

axaSPa dJamzar, 

afSaSPa dJamzar, 

axGaSPa dJamzar, 

95

asabSPa dJamzar, 

aJamra zeM xMsceKt, 

lMfsM lsMTGhGeKt, 

lMcGa sMrTMnCKt. 

CHu-CHu-CHu. (informatori - agrba olRa, soxumis raioni sof. zemo 

eSera) 

“bavSvis moJamvis Selocva 

kviras Tu moJamulia, 

orSabaTs Tu moJamulia, 

samSabaTs Tu moJamulia, 

oTxSabaTs Tu moJamulia, 

xuTSabaTs Tu moJamulia, 

paraskevs Tu moJamulia, 

SabaTs Tu moJamulia, 

mTeli moJamuloba gavagde, 

mis (qalis) suls Sevuloce, 

misi (qalis) kani (sxeuli) davawynare, 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu!” 

A-JGzLa “jilexi” 

kompozitia, romelSic JG “Zroxa” + a-zLa “gadamdebi seni, Wiri, 

epidemia”. zedmiwevniT niSnavs “Zroxis wyluls”, rac motivirebulia imiT, 

rom rom es daavadeba adamianze dasneulebul pirutyvTan, an mis 

xorcTan kontaqtiT gadadis. 

aRniSnuli daavadebis samkurnalod gamoiyeneba igive Selocva, 

rac a-dou “jilexis” dros (ix.zemoT). 

a-rNx˜TSra abJ., a-x˜TMSra bzif. “cieba, cieb-cxeleba” 

terminis orive dialeqturi varianti Seicavs a-x˜Ta “sicive” + a-Sra 

“mokvla” fuZeebs. abJuuri variantis anlautSi dgas kauzativis r- 

prefiqsi, romelic uSualod win uswrebs arsebiTi saxelis (a-x˜Ta 

“sicive”) fuZes, rac normis darRvevaa (afxazur enaSi saxels kauzativis 

forma ara aqvs), magram es darRveva imiTaa gamowveuli, rom bzifurSi 

96

ealurad daculi a-x˜TMSra varianti ukve terminologizebulia da mTel 

formas amitomac daerTo abJuurSi kauzativis mawarmoebeli. termini 

mTlianobaSi iTargmneba, rogorc: “ciebiT, siciviT sikvdili” (bzif.) // 

“ciebisagan, sicivisagan mokvla” (abJ.). 

a-safrAn “wvrilfexa rqosani pirutyvis Wiri” 

aRniSnuli terminis etimologiis dadgena ver moxerxda. 

a-safMrRAT “faRaraTi” 

saxelis etimologia damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

sawrEl (sawarlisa) abJ., a-nacGxNkGMrSPa bzif. “panariciumi, dudko, 

sawereli” 

abJuuri sityva nasesxebia qarTveluri enebidan, Sdr. sawereli. 

xolo bzifuri sityva a-nacGxMkGMrSPa sami fuZisgan Semdgari kompozitia: 

arsebiTi saxeli+ arsebiTi saxeli+ zmna. 

a-nacG arsebiT saxel anacGa-sagan “xelis TiTi” momdinareobs, xM 

segmenti “Tavis” aRmniSvneli axM sityvis fuZea, xolo kGMrSPa a-kGMrSPara 

“Semortyma” zmnisa. am daavadebis dros frCxilis areSi infeqciis 

SeWris Sedegad wamoizrdeba deformirebuli firfita. daavadebis 

afxazuri saxelwodeba, rogorc Cans, gadmoscems daavadebis mier 

dazianebul midamos “TiTis Tavis garSemomrtymeli”. 

afxazurSo arsebobs am daavadebebis meore saxelwodebac 

asawarel, romelic qarTulidan ucvlelad aris nasesxebi (bRaJba, 2006: 

238) 

*** 

- sawarlisa, sawarlisa, uabacoK? 

- baLSMxJGara. 

- CSGu! sMfsM ceKt, 

uaJGMwGyã axGSG usMmTeK?! (informatory – olRa agrba, zemo eSera) 

“-sawerlisa, sawerlisa, sad midixar Sen (mamakaci)? 

- Zvlis dasamtvrevad. 

CSou! Cemi suli wavida, 

97

axlaxan wamali ar mogeci?!” 

a-fsmAWra “gulis wasvla” 

kompozituri Sedgenilobis sityvaa: pirveli komponenti a-fsM 

“suli” saxelis fuZea, romelsac mosdevs a-maW “cota, mciredi” 

zedsarTavi saxelis maW fuZe, bolos ki kompozits erTvis masdaris -ra 

sufiqsi. 

termini zedmiwevniT iTargmneba, rogorc: “sulis dapataraveba, 

sulis Semcireba". igulisxmeba, rom gulis wasvlisas adamiani ki ar 

kvdeba, aramed mxolod umcirdeba suli. 

aWkGMn ifsM maWxan Kara uaawGyã dkahaKt “biWs guli wauvida da iqve 

waiqca” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997: 115) 

a-fsxNxra “agonia” 

kompoziti. pirveli komponenti arsebiTi saxeliT a-fsM “suli” 

aris warmodgenili, meore komponenti zmnis masdaris axMxra “moxsna, 

moxda, mokveTa” fuZiT. am dros masdars aRar erTvis zogadi formis 

mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsi. zedmiwevniT termini niSnavs “sulis 

amoxdomas”. 

sara sanneK, uK dMSPpsra dMqGMn, dMfsxMxuan. “me rodesac mivedi, is 

kvdeboda, afonia hqonda”. (Sayrili, konjaria, 1987 – II: 41) 

a-fshGNsTra “sirsveli” 

saxelis etimologia damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

akan fSPra zmou afshGMsTra “sirsveli, romelic Worfls hgavs”. 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1987- II:41) 

a-fsNlSGSGara “gulis wasvla” 

kompozitia: a-fsM “suli” + (a-)lSGSGa-ra “amovardna, amopneva, 

amocvena”. zmnaSi reduplicirebuli SGSGa Ziri procesis intensivobis 

semantikas gaxazavs. zedmiwevniT termini iTargmneba, rogorc: “sulis 

amocvena”. 

98

a-fsNCP “susti” 

kompozitia. pirveli komponenti aqac a-fsM “suli” sityvaa, xolo 

CP Ziris raoba sakvlevia. 

auaL fsMCP “susti adamiani”. 

a-fxTra “muni, mRieri” 

kompozitia. sityvis etimologia sarkvevia. 

am sityvis sinonimia termini a-cGMxara “muni”. es terminic 

kompozituria. Sedgeba ori sityvisagan: a-cGM < a-cGa “kani” + a-xarA 

“gacreca, gacveTa”, zedmiwevniT “kanis gacveTa”. SesaZleblia am 

mniSvnelobis imiT axsna, rom munisTvis Zlieri qavili da kanis 

gadatyaveba aris damaxasiaTebeli. “kanis gacreca, gacveTa”-Si, rogorc 

Cans, es aris nagulisxmevi. 

aZRab afxTra lMx˜t “gogos muni daemarTa” 

A-fSra “wiTeli qari” 

es martivfuZiani saxeli nawarmoebia “wiTelis” aRmniSvneli a-yafS 

zedsarTavi saxelisagan momdinare a-fS meoreuli variantisagan, 

romelsac damatebiT “mwiTuris” semantikac aqvs (magaliTad: ui dafSup 

“igi (ad.) mwiTuria”). 

ase rom daavadebis saxelad misi gamoyeneba SedarebiT axali 

faqti Cans. fuZe gaformebulia saxelTa zogadi formis mawarmoebeli a- 

prefiqsisa da abstraqtulobis gamomxatveli -ra sufiqsis gamoyenebiT. 

termini iTargmneba, rogorc “siwiTle”, rac analogias qarTulSic 

hpovebs, sadac “siwiTle” “wiTeli qaris” sinonimia. afxazuri da 

qarTuli saxelebi motivirebulia imiT, rom am anTebiTi daavadebis dros 

kani wiTldeba. 

wiTeli qaris Selocvis dros gamoiyeneba igive Selocva, rac 

jilexis dros (ix. zemoT). amaze metyvelebs wiTeli qaris aRmniSvneli 

sityva afSra. 

*** 

eincGMSPi ZMrlaSGi eKfSPnM eKcMzbaxãda? 

ga ikMlga gaZMdZMrJGxãda? 

99

amSPMn acha aqGwanM ilMqGsLMqGsxãda? 

JGLan k˜Mb kMdMrgMlanM ikazMfsaxãda? 

afSra saTGhGan, 

afSra axMsceKt, 



“xvliki da zRarbi 

erTmaneTis msgavsni erTad vis unaxavs? 


zRvas xidi vin daado da aqeT-iqiT vin dadioda? 

cas kibe vin miadga da 




qari ganvdevne. 

tkivils Sevuloce, 

tkivili ganvdevne”. 

a-fSPakrA “revmatizmi, qari” 

saxelis pirveli komponentia a-fSPa “qari”. am saxels meore 

komponentad erTvis masdari a-k-ra “daWera, dakaveba, Sepyroba, SeboWva”. 

mTlianad termini niSnavs “qarisgan daWeras, anu revmatizmisagan 

SeboWvas”. aq yuradRebas ipyrobs is faqti, rom afxazurSi aRniSnuli 

daavadebis saxelwodeba Seicavs qaris aRmniSvnel fuZes, rac analogias 

poulobs qarTul enasTan, sadac imave semantikis fuZea gamoyenebuli. 

dro-kiloTa klasovan-pirovani formebis warmoebisas orsityviani 

sintagmis saxiT warmodgeba: afSPa dakit “igi (adamiani) qarma daiWira, e.i. 

revmatizmma SeboWa”. 

terminologizaciis niadagze es fuZe garkveul SemTxvevebSi 

monoliTuri xdeba da dro-kiloTa klasovan-pirovani formebis 

warmoebis drosac kompozitad gvevlineba _ iRebs erTian zmnur 

100

gaformebas. magaliTad: inapM fSPakit 

xeli revmatizmisagan SeexuTa”. 

“misi xeli qarma daiWira, e.i. mas 

a-fMnwaSarA “sisxldena cxviridan, cxviridan sisxlis waskdoma” 

saxelis pirveli komponentia a-fMnwa “cxviri”, romelic, rogorc 

Cveni naSromis pirvel TavSi aRvniSneT, saerTo afxazur-adiRur fuZed 

miiCneva. meore komponentia a-Sa “sisxli” saxelis Sa Ziri, romelsac 

erTvis masdarisa da abstraqtulobis -ra sufiqsi. mTlianad termini 

iTargmneba, rogorc “cxvirsisxlianoba”. 

a-fNnwaSGara “haimoriti” 

kompoziti. Ppirveli kompontis (a-fMnwa “cxviri”) Sesaxeb vrclad 

ix. I TavSi. meore komponentis SGara-s mniSvneloba gaurkvevelia. 

a-fNnweKxaCra “surdo” 

kompoziti. Ppirveli kompontis (a-fMnwa “cxviri”) Sesaxeb vrclad 

ix. I TavSi. meore komponenti aKxaCra “cxviris an yurebis gaWedva, 

dagubeba”, sadac aK saureTierTo kategoriis prefiqsia, xa aris Tavis 

aRmniSvneli saxelis Ziri, C aris gasiebis aRmniSvneli zmnis Ziri, xolo 

ra – masdaris mawarmoebeli sufiqsi. 

uK afMnweKxaCra Kmoup daadMriJTeK “rac vicnobT, sul surdo aqvs” 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1987 – II: 56) 

a-qãmsarLA “saqonlis kuWis daavadeba” 

kompozituri Segenilobis terminia, Sedgeba a-qãmsa “saqonlis 

kuWi” arsebiTi saxelisa da a-r-La “mSrali, xmeli, gamxmari” 

zedsarTavisagan. rogorc Cans, daavadebis saxelwodeba dakavSirebulia 

aRniSnuli daavadebis simptomebTan. 

a-yAb “kameCis daavadeba” 

terminis ufro konkretuli semantika da etimologia damatebiT 

kvlevas moiTxovs 

101

A-SP “libri” 

es martivi fuZe, Cveni azriT, unda warmoadgendes “TeTris” 

aRmniSvneli a-SPkGakGa zedsarTavi saxelis SP Zirs, romelic zogjer 

damoukidebel erTeuladac gamodis da erTvis arsebiT saxelebs, Sdr. 

magaliTad, a-xMSP “qera, TeTrTava”. libri ki is daavadebaa, romelic 

Tvalis kakalze siTeTris gaCenas gulisxmobs. amdenad daavadebis 

saxelwodebac am siTeTriT SeiZleba iyos motivirebuli. 

a-SPNZ “malaria” 

terminis etimologia naTeli ar aris da damatebiT kvlevas 

moiTxovs. 

akGt SPMZ “qaTmebis malaria” (sabinecki, 1910: 28) 

a-Sadaijara “angiospazmi” 

termini kompozitia, warmoebulia sami komponentis a-Sa “sisxli” 

arsebiTi saxelis, da fuZis (arsebiTi saxelidan a-da “ZarRvi”) da aKjara 

“mokecva, moxra” masdaris fuZeTa SeerTebis gziT (sadac aK- saurTierTo 

kategoriis prefiqsia). 

am dros masdars aRar erTvis zogadi formis mawarmoebeli a- 

prefiqsi. zedmiwevniT termini niSnavs “sisxlZarRvis mokecvas”, anu 

spazms. 

a-Sak˜tax˜ abJ., a-Saptax˜ bzif. “Sakiki” 

terminis etimologia cxadi ar aris, Tu ar CavTvliT imas, rom 

masSi aSkarad gamosayofia tkivilis aRmniSneli -x˜ sufiqsi. 

saintereso unda iyos is faqti, rom erT-erT SelocvaSi gvxvdeba 

qarTveluri enebidan nasesxebi sityva Sak˜ik˜i. 

*** 

Sak˜ik˜i SalamarCia 

Sabula safuli saWandasa, 

qGCasa, wMna, g˜er gerpula, 

gelasa, cMHHu! uagGMS! (gulia, 1985: 225) 

aRniSnuli Selocvis teqstis Targmna SeuZlebelia. 

102

a-SamxlArSG “bursiti” 

kompozitia. Seicavs a-SamxM “muxli” fuZes, xolo meore 

komponentis raoba sarkvevia. 

a-SAna abJ., a-nSan bzif. “xali” 

orive varianti nasesxebia qarTveluri enebidan. Sdr. megr. Sana da 

qarT. niSani. 

uK lfMnwaWP anSan (Sanak) amoup “mas cxvirze xali aqvs” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986: 485). 

a-cGarkWN “Cutyvavila” 

Sdr. a-cGa “kani”, rkWM kauzatiuri a-r-kMWra “daWmuWna” zmnis 

mimReobis fuZea. termini niSnavs “daWmuWnil kans”. 

a-cGarnNyGa “mTvareuli” 

kompoziti. Ppirveli komponentia arsebiTi saxeli a-cGa “Zili” 

(ix.), romelsac mosdevs kauzativis r- prefiqsiani a-nMyGara “siaruli” 

zmnis Ziri. am dros zmnis Zirs aRar erTvis zogadi formis mawarmoebeli 

a- prefiqsi. zedmiwevniT termini niSnavs “Zilisagan tarebuli”. 

a-wakrA “datilianeba, pedikulozi” 

kompozitia. a-wa “tili” + (a-)kra “mikroba, miwebeba”, zedmiwevniT: 

“tilis mikroba”. 

a-WAlara “anTeba” 

gamoiyeneba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: arfha aWalara “filtvebis anTeba”, 

aSamx Walara “muxlis saxsris anTeba”, ayGartGra Walara “arTriti”, 

akãtei aWalara “nawlavebis gadaxlarTva”. terminis etimologia cxadi ar 

aris da damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

a-WapAnkaSGara “Wipis amovardna” 

Sdr. a-Wapan “Wipi”, a-kaSGara “patara zomis sagnis amovardna”. 

103

a-WPahadAgGa “yru-munji” 

kompozitia. Sedgeba a-WPaha “munji” + (a-)dagGa “yru” fuZeebisagan. 

zedmiwevniT “munji-yru”. a-WPaha “munji” sityvaSi aSkarad gamosayofia 

“piris” aRmniSvneli arqauli WPa Ziri, xolo ha segmentis semantika 

gasarkvevia. rac Seexeba (a-)dagGa “yru”sityvas, igi afxazursa da abazurSi 

nasesxebia adiReur-yabardoulidan. 

a-WPahadagGa terminisagan iwarmoeba termini a-WPahadagGara, 

romelSic -ra masdaris sufiqsia. 

aWPaha adagGa dixMCCon “munji yrus dascinoda”. 

a-WPahaWPAs “enablu” 

kompozitia. Sedgeba a-WPaha “munji” fuZisa da WPas segmentisagan, 

romelic, SesaZloa, Seicavdes piris aRmniSvnel arqaul WPa Zirsa da 

cemis aRmniSvnel s Zirs. 

a-WPahaWPas uizMZMrLuazar aKha aZlagara uaxatGazar eKha eKR˜˜up. 

“enablus mosmenas mewisqviled muSaoba sjobs” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1987 – II: 473). 

a-x˜Talalara // a-x˜Ta alalara “gacieba” 

Sdr. a-x˜Ta “sicive”, a-lalara “raRacis SigniT Sesvla”. 

sayuradReboa, rom termini xan erTsityviani formiT ixmareba, xanac - or 

sityvad. 

a-xÃa, abaz. x˜MÄa “tkivili” 

terminis struqtura cxadi ar aris. misi TanxmovniTi nawili x˜ 

xSirad sufiqsad erTvis sxeulis dasneulebul nawilTa saxelebs. 

fonetikuri TvalsazrisiT ufro Zveli saxeoba abazurSia SenarCunebuli. 

magaliTad, ablax˜ “Tvalis tkivili”, axMx˜ “Tavis tkivili”. 

ablax˜ axMx˜ uxanarSPTueKt “Tvalis tkivili Tavis tkivils 

dagaviwyebs” (gulia, 1985: 157). 

a-x˜MuxÑura “Zlieri tkivilis SegrZneba” 

104

eduplicirebuli termini Cans: gaormagebulia x˜Mu segmenti, 

romelic, Cveni azriT, Seicavs “tkivilis” aRmniSvnel x˜ da “qmnis, 

keTebis” aRmniSvneli a-u-ra zmnis u Zirs. 

a-xGdarCN “ybayura” 

Sdr. a-xGda “kiseri, yeli”, rCM kauzatiuri a-r-C-ra “gasieba” 

zmnisgan momdinare mimReobaa. zedmiwevniT es termini niSnavs “SeSupebul, 

gasiebul yels, kisers”; 

A-xGra “iara” 

nazmnari saxelia, nawarmoebia a-xG-rA “daWra” zmnis masdarisagan 

sityvis bolodan maxvilis Tavkidura poziciaSi gadanacvlebis Sedegad. 

afxazebi daWrilis saameblad Zvelebur afxazur simReras 

(“daWrilis simReras”) asrulebdnen: 

axGraSGa 

ua raKda-raKda, uK dxawam, 

zxãa ChanM izMmwGaxua, 

ua raKda-raKda, zxãa zzMmChaua – 

zxãa q˜rala-RMzrala izxMzgaua. 


uK dxawam, afhGMs dleKfSPup. 

axGra - xawara fMSGagoup, 

aChara zmou izmam eKlnargoKt. 


zxãa ChanM izMmwGaxua (informatori olRa argba, zemo eSera) 

“Wrilobis simRera 

va raida, is mamakaci ar aris, 

sakuTar tkivils vinc ver iTmens da ver malavs, 

va raida, sakuTar tkivils vinc ver iTmens – 

sakuTar tkivils kvnesiT da oxvriT vinc itans. 

va raida, sakuTar tkivils vinc ver iTmens - 

is mamakaci ar aris, qals hgavs. 

105

Wriloba – simamacis (kacobis) gamosacdelia, 

arCevs vis aqvs da vis ara aqvs moTmineba, 

va raida-raida, is mamakaci ar aris, 

sakuTar tkivils vinc ver malavs”. 

a-hGarax˜ “Roris Wiri” 

kompozitia. ahGa “Rori” + abstraqtulobisa da krebiTobis -ra 

sufiqsi + -x˜ < a-xãa “tkivili”. zedmiwevniT: “Rorebis satkivari”. 

A-hcGa abJ., bzif. a-cGarfSPZa “yvavili” 

abJuuri termini a-hcGa warmoadgens mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgar 

arsebiT saxels a-h “mefe; batoni; mTavari” + adamianis klasis 

mravlobiTis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi cGa, zedmiwevniT “batonebi” (Sdr. misi 

qarTuli sruli morfologiuri analogi batonebi). termini tabuirebis 

nimuSia. 

aseve tabuirebul terminSi a-cGarfSPZa - a-cGa “kania”, xolo meore 

komponenti kauzatiuri a-r-fSPZa-ra “galamazeba, damSveneba” zmnis 

mimReobaa. mTlianad termini “galamazebul, damSvenebul, morTul kans” 

niSnavs, rac tabuirebis magaliTia: amgvari fsevdodadebiTi konotaciiT 

xalxi cdilobda am saSiSi daavadebis mfarveli sulis gulis mogebas, 

raTa dasneulebul adamians daavadeba ar garTuleboda da saxeze 

nayvavilari ar damCneoda. 

ui ix˜uan ahcGA… Kara dMrJPKt ahcGa zMx˜xãz auaa “mas Savi Wiri 

hqonda... igi daasaflaves im adamianebma, visac gadatanili 

hqonda Wiri” (gulia, 1964 : 97). 

a-hGMhGIk “dambla”, a-hGMhGikra “damblis dacema, paralizeba” 

a-hGMhGik saxelis etimologia cxadi ar aris da damatebiT kvlevas 

moiTxovs. forma a-hGMhGikra misganaa nawarmoebi masdaris -ra sufiqsis 

darTviT. 

2. samkurnalo saSualebebi 

106

daavadebaTa samkurnalo saSualebaTa saxelebidan ZiriTadia 

termini A-xGSG “wamali”, romelsac aqvs meore mniSvnelobac da aRniSnavs 

“tyviawamalsac”, zustad ise, rogorc qarTul enaSia. am xSirad 

xmarebuli sityvis etimologia, samwuxarod, naTeli ar aris da 

damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom dasaxelebuli termini xSirad 

dasturdeba sxvadasxva samkurnalo saSualebaTa, gansakuTrebiT 

samkurnalo balaxebisa da malamoebis rTulfuZian saxelwodebaTa erTerT 

komponentad (ix. qvemoT). 

samkurnalo saSualebaTa afxazur saxelwodebaTa umetesoba 

rTulfuZiani saxelebi, anu kompozitebia. sazogadod, Tanamedrove 

afxazur enaSi rTuli sityvebis warmoebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli da 

produqtiuli xerxia fuZeTa SeerTeba, anu kompozicia. aRniSnuli 

modelis mixedviT warmoiqmneba sityvebi, romlebic ganekuTvnebian 

metyvelebis sxvadasxva nawilebs. asea es saanalizo jgufis saxelebSic. 

magaliTad, arsebiT saxelTa fuZeebis SeerTebiT nawarmoebia erT-erTi 

balaxis saxelwodeba a-cgGMxSP (kaslanZia 1998, gv. 49). es sityva (acgGMxSP 

– sviisebrTa ojaxis balaxi) Sedgeba ori arsebiTi saxelis fuZisagan: a- 

cgGM “kata” da a-xSP “rZe”. saxeli motivirebulia imiT, rom balaxis Rero 

rZismagvar siTxes Seicavs (analogiisaTvis Sdr. qarT. katabalaxa). 

xSirad mcenareebis saxelwodeba dakavSirebulia im daavadebis 

saxelwodebasTan, romlis gankurnvisTvisac gamoiyeneboda xalxSi. 

magaliTad, modeliT “daavadebis saxelwodeba + xGSG < AxGSG 

“wamali”Anawarmoebia mcenareTa saxelwodebebis didi nawili. moviyvanT 

ramdenime magaliTs: 

a-barbAc AxGSG “Rvedkeci” 

mcenaris saxelwodeba ori sityvisgan Sedgeba: a-barbac “alergia, 

kanze gamonayari” + a-xGSG “wamali”, zedmiwevniT “alergiis, gamonayaris 

wamali”. 

Rvedkeci gamoiyeneba gul-sisZarRvTa sistemis daavadebebis dros. 

mcenaris realuri daniSnulebis kavSiris dadgena alergiasTan da 

gamonayarTan ver moxerxda. 

107

a-blN AxGSG “rZiana” 

termini ori sityvisgan Sedgeba: a-blN “Tiaqari” + a-xGSG “wamali”, 

zedmiwevniT “Tiaqaris wamali”. medicinaSi gamoiyeneba Sardis buStis 

anTebis dros, amitom gviWirs imis axsna, Tu ra kavSiri aqvs am mcenares 

TiaqarTan. 

a-dOu AxGSG “gulsisana” 

termini ori sityvisgan Sedgeba: a-dou “jilexi” + a-xGSG “wamali”, 

zedmiwevniT “jilexis wamali”. xalxur medicinaSi Zirmagarasa da 

egzemebis samkurnalod gamoiyeneboda. 

a-TAfTa AxGSG “TeTrZira” 

es terminic msgavsi agebulebisaa: a-TafTa “Ciyvi; cximgrova” + 

axGSG “wamali”, zedmiwevniT “Ciyvis, cximgrovis wamali”. 

a-kanwNwraxGSG “meWeWa” 

aRniSnuli terminic kompozituri Sedgenilobisaa: a-kanwMwra 

“meWeWi” + xGSG “wamali”, anu “meWeWis wamali” (Sdr. qarT. meWeW-a). termin 

a-kanwMwra-s etimologia ix. zemoT. 

rac Seexeba TviTon samkurnalo balaxs, afxazur xalxur 

medicinaSi igi meWeWebis sawinaaRmdegod gamoiyeneboda. 

a-katijAr AxGSG “daTvimsxala” 

termini ori sityvisgan Sedgeba: abJ. a-katijar “durbeli, limfuri 

kvanZis anTeba” + a-xGSG “wamali”, zedmiwevniT “durbelis wamali”. Sdr. 

megr. katujvar-i “mdgnali (mcen.); durbeli, limfuri kvanZis anTeba” da 

katujvariS(i) ja “mdgnali”, katujvariS(i) wamali “daTvimsxala” (qajaia 

2002-II: 112). xalxur medicinaSi mravali daavadebis samkurnalod 

gamoiyeneba, maT Soris rogorc antiseptikuri da anTebis sawinaaRmdego 

saSualeba da yelis savlebi. 

a-k˜Mba AxGSG “saponela” 

108

termini ori sityvisgan Sedgeba: a-k˜Mba “kibo” + a-xGSG “wamali”, 

zedmiwevniT “kibos wamali”. mcenare xalxur medicinaSi gamoiyeneba 

zogierTi Sinagani daavadebis dros, misi kibos (simsivnis) 

mkurnalobasTan kavSiri ver davadgineT. 

a-nacGxNkGMrSPa AxGSG “gobiscxvira” 

termini ori sityvisagan Sedgeba: a-nacGxMkGMrSPa “panariciumi, 

sawereli” + a-xGSG “wamali”, zedmiwevniT “sawerelis wamali”. medicinaSi 

aRniSnuli mcenare gamoiyeneba eqsudatiuri diaTezis, gamonayaris, 

furunkulebis, abscesebis dros. 

A-JGzLa AxGSG “Savwamala” 

termini ori sityvisgan Sedgeba: a-JGzLa “jilexi, cimbiris 

wyluli” + a-xGSG “wamali”, zedmiwevniT “jilexis wamali”. xalxur 

medicinaSi gamoiyeneba Ciyvis, avTvisebiani simsivneebis, gamonayaris, 

wylulebis, Cirqgrovebis, Wrilobebisa da anginis dros. jilexisTvis 

damaxasiaTebelia wylulebi, etyoba, mcenaris saxelic amiTaa 

motivirebuli. 

a-fSrAxGSG “oSoSa”, “TavSava” 

kompozitia, romelic Sedgeba fuZeebisgan a-fSrA “wiTeli qari, 

siwiTle” da A-xGSG “wamali”, e.i. “wiTeli qaris, siwiTlis wamali”. oSoSa 

xalxur medicinaSi kanis daavadebebisa da anTebebis (maT Soris wiTeli 

qaris) dros gamoiyeneba, xolo TavSava damatebiT ixmareba skrofulozis 

(saymawvilos), kanis gamonayaris, kbilis tkivilis drosac. 

a-SaptAx˜ AxGSG “pirwminda” 

termini Sedgeba ori sityvisagan: a-Saptax˜ “Sakiki” da a-xGSG 

“wamali”, zedmiwevniT “Sakikis wamali”. 

medicinaSi iTvleba sisxldenis SemCerebel saSualebad, xolo 

afxazur xalxur medicinaSi agreTve Sakikis sawinaaRmdego saSualebadac 

miiCneva. 

109

a-SPNZ AxGSG “asisTava” 

es terminic ori sityvisgan Sedgeba: a-SPMZ “malaria” + a-xGSG 

“wamali”. medicinaSi gamoiyeneba kuW-nawlavis traqtis daavadebebis, 

malariis, dizenteriisa da sxva daavadebaTa dros. 

a-xGMWkNdSGara AxGSG “mWada” 

saxelwodeba ori sityvisgan Sedgeba: kompozituri struqturis a- 

xGMWkMdSGara “muclis mowyveta” (Sdr.: a-xGMWM “bavSvi” + a-kMdSGara 

“mowyveta, Camovardna”) + a-xGSG “wamali”, zedmiwevniT “bavSvis mowyvetis 

wamali”. rogorc informatorebTan gavarkvieT, afxazur xalxur 

medicinaSi aRniSnuli mcenare orsulobis moSlis sawinaaRmdegod 

gamoiyeneboda. 

a-jmarNxGSG “xarisCliqa” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis sityvaa, romelic Sedgeba komponentebisgan: 

a-jma “Txa” + mravlobiTi ricxvis mesame piris kuTvnelebiTi prefiqsi r- 

+ (a-)xGSG “wamali”, zedmiwevniT “Txebis wamali”. xalxur medicinaSi am 

mcenares sxvadasxva daavadebebis dros iyeneben. aqvs 

mikrobsawinaaRmdego, sisxlisaRmdgeni, amosaxvelebeli, Sardmdeni, 

damamSvidebeli Tvisebebi. Cirqovani Wrilobebis dros Sesaxorceblad 

gamoiyeneba. 

rogorc Cans, mcenaris saxelwodeba dakavSirebulia pirutyvze, 

konkretul SemTxvevaSi ki Txebze dakvirvebis Sedegad, romlebic 

garkveuli daavadebebis dros “xarisCliqas” Wamdnen. 

zog SemTxvevaSi mcenareebis saxelwodebebSi figurirebs sxeulis 

im nawilebis saxelebi, romelTa samkurnalodac ixmareba mocemuli 

mcenare. ganvixiloT zogierTi maTgani: 

a-WaWAxGSG “xbosSubla, xarisSubla” 

kompozituri Sedgenilobis sityvaa: a-WaWa “Tirkmeli” + a-xGSG 

“wamali”, zedmiwevniT “Tirkmlis wamali”. mcenare gamoiyeneba 

platifilinis bitartratis warmoebaSi, romelic medicinaSi kuW- 

110

nawlavis zogi daavadebebis, agreTve RviZlisa da Tirkmlis kolikebis 

dros gamoiyeneba. 

a-vanNzaxGSG “isli” 

es terminic kompozitia, romelic Sedgeba a-vanMza “elenTa” + a- 

xGSG “wamali” fuZeebisagan, zedmiwevniT ki “elenTis wamals” niSnavs. 

a-kazNq AxGSG “Rolo, mJauna” 

rTuli terminia, romelic Sedgeba a-kazMq “saSvilosno” + a-xGSG 

“wamali” fuZeebisagan, zedmiwevniT ki “saSvilosnos wamals” niSnavs. 

mcenare gamoiyeneba sisxldenebis dros, SesaZlebelia, amasTan iyos 

dakavSirebuli misi saxelwodeba. 

A-mgGax˜ AxGSG “veluri pitna” 

termini ori sityvisagan Sedgeba: a-mgGax˜ “muclis tkivili” + a- 

xGSG “wamali”, zedmiwevniT “muclis tkivilis wamali”. pitna 

tkivilgamayuCebeli da antiseptikuri TvisebebiT aris cnobili. mis 

naxarSs kbilis, muclisa da kuWis tkivilis dros iyeneben. 

Semdeg jgufs miekuTvneba samkurnalo mcenareebis saxelwodebebi - 

kompoziti terminebi, romlebic warmoebulia arsebiTi saxeli + arsebiTi 

saxeli modeliT. aRniSnul models gamoyofs n. maWavariani Tavis 

sadisertacio naSromSi “mcenareTa leqsika afxazurSi” (2006). 

a-blarkNga “yayaCo” 

Sedgeba Semdegi erTeulebisagan: a-bla “Tvali” + a-r-kra “daxurva, 

daxuWva” (kauz. “dakavebineba, daWerineba”) + -ga, rac zedmiwevniT niSnavs 

“Tvalis damxuWvinebels”. medicinaSi yayaCos iyeneben, rogorc 

tkivilgamayuCebel da saZile saSualebas. Cans, es ukanaskneli faqtia 

saxelis motivirebis safuZveli. 

a-dGkAma “gvirila” 

111

kompozitia: a-dGM “mindori” + qarTulidan nasesxebi (a-)kama “kama”, 

zedmiwevniT niSnavs “mindvris kamas”. 

gvirila, iseve rogorc kama, gamoiyeneba kuW-nawlavis rig 

daavadebaTa samkurnalod. SesaZloa, afxazurad “gvirilis” “mindvris 

kamad” wodeba aman ganapiroba. 

a-dGMkrNn “ia” 

kompozitia. aSkarad gamosayofia saxeli a-dGM “mindori”, krMn 

segmentis raoba ki cxadi ar aris da Semdgom kvlevas moiTxovs. xalxur 

medicinaSi gamoiyeneba wiTelas, yivanaxvelas, bronqitebis da hipertoniis 

dros. aqvs mukolituri, Sardmdeni, tkivilgamayuCebeli da 

damamSvidebeli Tvisebebi. 

a-dGNpMrpMl “walika” 

kompozitia. Sedgeba ori fuZisagan: a-dGM “mindori” (nasesxebia 

megrulidan: dolo “mindori”) + (a-)pMrpMl “pilpili, wiwaka” (nasesxebia 

qarTulidan pirpili < pilpili) (giTolendia 2010: 66-67). zedmiwevniT 

“mindvris pilpili”. mcenare gamoiyeneba sisxldenis dros. sparsulad 

pilpili JRers, rogorc felfel ‏,فلفل rac imaze metyvelebs, rom 

qarTulSi sityva pilpili savaraudod sparsulidan Semovida. 

A-maTabz “matitela” 

kompozitia: a-maT “gveli” + a-bz “ena”, zedmiwevniT “gvelis ena“. 

gamoiyeneba, rogorc Sardmdeni, anTebis sawinaaRmdego da sisxldenis 

SemaCerebeli saSualeba. mcenaris saxels aSkarad uaryofiTi konotacia 

aqvs, rac, SesaZloa, imaze miuTiTebdes, rom mcenarisaTvis saxelis 

Serqmevis dros am mcenaris sasargeblo Tvisebebi jer kidev ucnobi iyo 

da mcenare mavnedac ki miiCneoda. 

a-maThaskÑn “meWeWa” 

kompozitis pirveli wevria gvelis aRmniSvneli a-maT fuZe, meore 

ki qarTulidan nasesxebi a-hask˜Mn “balaxi” sityva. 

112

q.lomTaTiZe wers, rom palatalizebuli g˜ q˜ k˜ xSulebi sakuTar 

leqsikur fondSi ar aris gavrcelebuli, magram xSirad gvxvdeba sxva 

enebidan Sesul sityvaTa fuZeebSi. sxva enebidan momdinare sityvebSi 

isini maSin gvxvdeba, rodesac mas mosdevs am enebSi i an e xmovnebi. 

magaliTad afx. a-hask˜Mn “balaxi”, qarT. askil-i. lomTaTiZe 1976: 170) 

termini iTargmneba, rogorc “gvelis balaxi”. 

mcenare gamoiyeneba meWeWebis sawinaaRmdegod, razec migviTiTebs 

qarTuli saxelwodeba, xolo afxazur saxels aSkarad uaryofiTi 

konotacia aqvs, rac, SesaZloa, imaze miuTiTebdes, rom mcenarisaTvis 

saxelis Serqmevis dros am mcenaris sasargeblo Tvisebebi jer kidev 

ucnobi iyo da mcenare mavnedac ki miiCneoda. 

A-mSGlaha “Tameli” 

iseve, rogorc zemoT ganxiluli saxelwodeba, esec arsebiTi 

saxelebis fuZeebis SeerTebiT warmoebulia: a-mSG “daTvi” + a-laha 

“leRvi”, zedmiwevniT “daTvis leRvi”. analogiisaTvis sainteresoa, rom 

megrulSi es mcenare cnobilia, rogorc TunTiS sxuli “daTvis msxali”. 

Tameli medicinaSi gamoiyeneba kuW-nawlavis traqtTan dakavSirebuli 

problemebis dros. 

A-Sxaraj “TeTrZira” 

kompozitia. pirveli komponentia a-Sxara “mTianeTi”, xolo meore _ 

a-j “muxa”, zedmiwevniT niSnavs “mTianeTis muxas”. rogorc Cans, 

igulisxmeba alpuri zonis xemcenareTa mcire zoma _ “mTianeTis muxa” is 

mcenarea, romelic muxas hgavs, magram jujaa. 

a-xGrabRÑc // a-xGMrbRÑc “mravalZarRva” 

termini kompozitia, Sedgeba ori arsebiTi saxelis fuZisagan: a- 

xGra “iara, Wriloba” + a-bR˜Mc “foToli”, zedmiwevniT “Wrilobis 

foToli”. mravalZarRvas Wrilobebisa da wylulebis mosaSuSeblad 

iyeneben. saxeli motivirebulia ara mcenaris morfologiis (Sdr. qarT. 

mravalZarRva), an gavrcelebis adgilis (Sdr. rus. подорожник), aramed 

misi metad konkretuli samedicino daniSnulebis safuZvelze _ 

113

saxelwodeba xazs usvams, rom mcenare swored Wrilobis samkurnalo 

saSualebaa. 

ixM xGMmkGa axGMrbR ˜Mc aqGMiwoKt “daWrili ar aris, magram 

mravalZarRvas adebs” (gulia, 1985: 153). 

a-xrajPNSP “angeloza” 

kompozitia. Sedgeba a-xra “klde” + (a-)jPMSP “niori” fuZeebisagan, 

zedmiwevniT niSnavs “kldis niors”. mcenaris danayil foTlebsa da 

Reros mZafri, usiamovno suni axasiaTebs. SesaZlebelia, amasTan iyos 

kavSirSi mcenaris saxelwodebaSi nivris saxelis monawileoba (Tavisi 

mZafri da arasasiamovno sunis gamo). 

zogierTi mcenaris saxelwodeba nawarmoebia kauzativis r- 

prefiqsisa da moqmedebis iaraRis aRmniSvneli -ga sufiqsis erTdrouli 

darTviT, an mxolod -ga sufiqsis (kauzativis –r niSnis gareSe) 

meSveobiT. magaliTad: 

a-HLNga “oSoSa” 

Sdr.: a-HLM “surneli, suni”, xolo ga segmenti, SesaZloa, 

moqmedebis iaraRis aRmniSvnel sufiqsadac migveCnia, magram es 

gamoricxulia, vinaidan am funqciiT -ga sufiqsi mxolod nazmnar Zirebs 

daerTvis, am termins ki aseTi Ziri ar urevia. vfiqrobT, ufro marTebuli 

iqneboda aseTi axsna: es ga unda iyos “waReba, wayvanis” aRmniSvneli a-gara 

zmnis Ziri, romelic gamoiyeneba swored sunis asvlis, sunis adenis, 

sunis gavrcelebis semantikis gadmosacemad swored a-HLM “surneli, suni” 

saxelTan erTad: a-HLM goKt “suni dgas; suni asdis; suni vrceldeba”. 

am varaudis Sesabamisad, mcenaris saxeli zedmiwevniT niSnavs 

“surnelis gamavrcelebels”. marTlac, aRniSnul mcenares mZafri, 

pitnismagvari suni axasiaTebs, rogorc Cans, misi saxelwodebac am 

faqtTan aris dakavSirebuli. 

a-ZaZarbAga “krazana” 

114

Sdr.: a-ZaZa “cvari, nami” + a-r-ba-ga “gamSrobi” a-r-ba-ra “gaSroba” 

zmnisagan. zedmiwevniT saxeli iTargmneba, rogorc “cvris, namis 

gamSrobi”. saxeli motivirebuli SeiZleba iyos mcenaris mier namis 

Sesrutvis gamokveTili unariT. 

afxazuri samkurnalo mcenareebis mravali saxelwodeba 

qarTveluri enebidan aris nasesxebi. magaliTad: 

a-kawaxGNr _ kowaxuri; 

a-qGNc “kuneli” _ megr. qunci; 

a-xãrAj “jagrcxila” _ megr. xeraji; 

a-zTkÑl “Zirmwara” _ megr. zintkvili; 

a-samyGNr // a-camyGMr _ samyura; 

a-dAfa “dafna” _ megr. dafi; 

a-jamfAz “Wiafera” _ megr. jamfezia, jafazia; 

a-yGMlmITa // a-yGalmiTa // a-yGalminTa “pitna” _ megr. yvalmiTa, 

yvalminTa (zedmiwevniT: “yvelis pitna”)... (afxazurSi nasesxebi mcenareTa 

qarTveluri saxelwodebebis Sesaxeb vrclad ix.: q. lomTaTiZis 

monografiaSi “afxazuri da abazuri enebis istoriul-SedarebiTi 

analizi. I”, Tb., 1975; T. gvancelaZis statiaSi “qarTvelizmebi afxazur 

botanikur terminologiaSi da afxazTa istoriuli migraciis 

mimarTulebani. _ kreb. “giorgi rogavas”. Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 55-67 da n. 

maWavarianis monografiaSi (“mcenareTa leqsika afxazurSi. semantikurstruqturuli 

analizi”. Tbilisi, 2006). 

xSirad, samkurnalo mcenareebs arqmevdnen im eqimbaSebisa da 

mkurnalebis saxelebs, romlebic am mcenareebs iyenebdnen, zogjer ki 

sxva pirTa saxelebic gvxvdeba amave funqciiT. 

magaliTad, gMd ihask˜Mn “gidis balaxi”, SmAH IxGSG “Smafis wamali”, 

Apap ihask˜Mn “mRvdlis balaxi”, fMnwAWaa rMxGSG “finwaWebis wamali”, wNkG 

IxGSG “wikvis wamali”, RNba IxGSG “Ribas wamali”. am terminebSi gMd, SmAH, 

wNkG, RNba mamakacTa pirsaxelebia, xolo fMnwAWaa _ patronimuli saxeli 

(Stogvaris saxeli). 

115

mkurnalobis terminTa Soris bevria zmna da nazmnari saxeli. 

magaliTad, am jgufs ganekuTvneba martivfuZiani zmna a-Rã-rA “Sexorceba” 

da misgan momdinare saxeli a-RÃ “Sexorcebuli iara”. 

afxazur enaSi mwiria samedicino manipulaciebis dros 

gamosayenebeli saSualebebis saxelebi. moviyvanT CvenTvis xelmisawvdom 

masalas: 

AKwarfxã “nayeni” 

saxelis fuZe Sedgeba rfxã Zirisagan, romelsac erTvis 

saurTierTobo kategoriis aK- prefiqsi, wa- fuZe-windebulia, romelic 

aRniSnavs raimes qvemoT yofnas an moqmedebas. 

a-bambA “bamba” 

qarTulidan nasesxebi sityvaa. xSirad gamoiyeneba SelocvebSi: 

...Saqar ZMla iWPMzbaaKt, bambala iWPMsMryGyGoKt…” (Saqriani wyliT 

gavaswore, bambiT SebfuTe...) (gulia, 1985: 218) 

abambaWPM amca uzMwGaxuam “bambaSi cecxls ver damalav” (gulia, 1985: 

180) 

a-bajPAqGwa “mdogvis salbuni” 

kompoziti. Ppirveli komponenti a-bajPa “mdogvi” + qGwa aris a-qG-wara 

“dadeba” zmnis fuZe, zedmiwevniT “dadebuli mdogvi”. 

a-dAsga “dana venaseqciisTvis (sisxlis gamosaSvebi)” 

kompoziti iSleba ase: a-da “sisxlZarRvi, nervi”, sa Ziris raoba 

naTeli ar aris. zmnidan aKLMrsara, aKxMrsara “gaWra”+ moqmedebis iaraRis 

aRmniSvneli –ga sufiqsi. termini zedmiwevniT niSnavs “sisxlZarRvis 

saWreli instrumenti” 

a-kasNSP “dolbandi” 

116

kompoziti Sedgeba a-kasM “naWers; Tavsafars” (Sdr. rus. косынка 

“Tavsafari”) arsebiTi saxelisa da SP aSPkGakGa ”TeTri” zedsarTavi 

saxelisgan. zedmiwevniT “TeTri Tavsafari”. 

a-lafSPNwaSGara “halucinacia” 

kompoziti. nawarmoebia a-lafSP “mzera, gamoxedva” arsebiTi 

saxelisa da a-waSPara “raRacis raimes qveS Cavardna” (sadac wa raimes 

qvemoT yofnis an moqmedebis aRmniSvneli fuZe-windebulia) zmnis fuZeebis 

SeerTebiT. zedmiwevniT “mzeris qveS moxvedra”. 

a-malhAm “malamo” 

nasesxebia Turqulidan < mahlam. 

a-maSNna/a-ZMnwAga “oyna” 

a-maSMna nasesxebi terminia. misi mniSvnelobis dadgena ver 

moxerxda. 

rac Seexeba meore sityvas, a-ZMnwaga - kompozitia. Sedgeba a-ZM 

“wyali” fuZis, a-nwara “dadeba, Cadeba” zmnis nwa Zirisa (am konkretul 

SemTxvevaSi niSnavs “oynis dadgmas”) da moqmedebis iaraRis aRmniSvneli 

ga sufiqsisagan. zedmiwevniT “riTic wyals Cadeben”. magaliTi: aCMmazaL 

amaSMna inMrweKt “avadmyofs oyna gaukeTes”. 

a-pincEt “pinceti” 

rusulis SuamavlobiT nasesxebi terminia. 

a-rdNsga “saanesTezio saSualeba” 

gamosayofia instrumentis sufiqsi -ga da kauzativis prefiqsi r-, 

sxva elementTa raoba ki dasadgenia. 

a-rfxAga “saTburi” 

termini Sedgeba a-fxara “gaTboba, SeTboba” zmnis fuZisgan, r- 

kauzativis afiqsisa da -ga iaraRis aRmniSvneli sufiqsisgan. 

117

a-rTNnCga “damamSvidebeli” 

kompoziti nawarmoebia a-r-TMnC-ra “damSvideba, dawynareba” zmnis 

fuZis (sadac r- kauzaciis sufiqsia) da –ga moqmedebis iaraRis 

aRmniSvneli sufiqsiT. TMnC fuZe nasesxebia Turqulidan da niSnavs 

“mSvids, wynars; dinjs”. zedmiwevniT “is, riTic amSvideben”. 

a-rLaSNga “narkozi” 

kompoziti nawarmoebia a-rMLS-ra “daZineba, SegrZnebis Sesusteba” 

(genko, 1998: 224) zmnis fuZisa da moqmedebis iaraRis aRmniSvneli –ga 

sufiqsis meSveobiT. 

a-sfIrT “spirti” 

rusulis meSveobiT nasesxebi terminia. 

A-sakasa “sakace” 

qarTveluri enebidan kalkirebuli nasesxoba. Sdr. qarT. sa-kac-e. 

sayuradReboa c > s procesi. 

a-sakãt/a-LMwra labaqGa “yavarjeni” 

pirveli terminis struqtura da warmomavloba sarkvevia, xolo 

meore termini aRweriTi xasiaTisaa: a-LMwra labaqGa zedmiwevniT “iRliis 

joxebi”. 

a-fsAZ “ormo, romelSic avadmyofs kurnavdnen”. Zvlebis 

daavadebebis mqone adamianebis gansakurneblad adamianis simaRlis ormos 

Txridnen. naZvis (afxazurad naZvi - afsaZ) totebisgan cecxls anTebdnen 

da ormos axurebdnen. Semdeg avadmyofs am ormoSi aTavsebdnen. 

semantikis gadawevis Sedegad naZvis saxeli samkurnalo ormos 

saxelad iqca. 

gasarkvevia. 

a-yNga “garegani Cirqgrovebis gasaWreli dana” 

gamosayofi Cans instrumentis sufiqsi -ga, xolo Ziris raoba 

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a-SarbAT “gaciebis wamali” 

nasesxebia arabulidan qarTulis an Turqulis meSveobiT. Sdr.: 

qarT. SarbaT-i “Saqrisa da xilis wveniT damzadebuli tkbili sasmeli” 

(qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, 1990 – II: 1021). Turq. şerbat/şerbet, 

arab. شربات (Sherbet). 

a-SPouraSGAga “Termometri” 

kompoziti. nawarmoebia a-SPoura “sicxe” arsebiTi saxelisa da a- 

SGara “gazomva” zmnis fuZeebis SeerTebiTa da –ga moqmedebis iaraRis 

aRmniSvneli sufiqsiT. zedmiwevniT “sicxis sazomi”. 

A-ZLa “xsnari” 

kompozitia. Sedgeba a-ZM “wyali” arsebiTi saxelis fuZisa da La 

Zirisagan, romlis mniSvnelobis dadgena gagviWirda. 

a-WPahGAga “gadasaxvevi masala” 

iseve, rogorc wina termini, aRniSnuli sityvac kompozitia. 

.nawarmoebia a-WPahGara “Sekvra, Sexveva” zmnis fuZisa da –ga moqmedebis 

iaraRis aRmniSvneli sufiqsis meSveobiT. zedmiwevniT “Sesaxvevi 

saSualeba”. 

a-xGSGwGN “drenaJi” 

kompoziti iSleba ase: arsebiTi saxelis fuZe axGSG “wamali” + 

arsebiTi saxelis fuZe a-wGM “wawvetebuli joxi, patara joxi, wkiri”. 

termini zedmiwevniT niSnavs “samkurnalo joxi, wamal-joxi”. 

a-xãaxCPNga “tkivilgamayuCebeli” 

kompoziti iSleba ase: a-xãa “tkivili” + a-xCP-ra “Sesusteba, 

Semsubuqeba, Serbileba” + moqmedebis iaraRis aRmniSvneli –ga sufiqsi. 

termini zedmiwevniT niSnavs “tkivilis Semamsubuqebeli instrumenti, 

saSualeba”. 

a-xMrfSPaAga “specialuri instrumenti, romlis meSveobiTac 

daWrilis sxeulidan tyvia amohqondaT” 

119

kompoziti nawarmoebia a-xM “tyvia” arsebiTi saxelisa da A-fSPaara 

“moZebna” zmnis fuZeebis SeerTebiT da –ga moqmedebis iaraRis 

aRmniSvneli sufiqsiT. zedmiwevniT “tyviis mosaZebni instrumenti”. 

3. daavadebaTa da samkurnalo saSualebaTa saxelebis morfologiuri 

modelebi 

winamdebare TavSi gaanalizebul saxelwodebaTa Soris Warbobs 

warmoqmnili da rTulfuZiani (kompozituri) terminebi, agreTve erTze 

metsityviani Sesityvebebi, martivfuZiani saxelebi ki SedarebiT 

naklebia. 

martivfuZian terminTa struqturaSi Sedis mxolod saxelTa 

zogadi formis mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsi da fuZe (Ziri). am models 

ganekuTvneba daavadebaTa Semdegi saxelwodebani: ablM, aKmhGa, ayab da a.S.. 

warmoqmnil saxelebSi saxelTa zogadi formis mawarmoebeli a- 

prefiqsis garda warmodgenilia sityvaTmawarmoebeli (derivaciuli) 

afiqsebi: -tG(M), -ga, -LM, -ra, -xa, -da, -da-xa... 

-tG(M) sufiqss, rogorc sityvaTmawarmoebel sufiqss gamoyofs 

afxazuri enis TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari. q. lomTaTiZe wers, rom: “tG(M) 

afxazur enaSi aris kuTvnilebis afiqsi da ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba nazmnar 

saxelebSi, moqmedebis saxelTa sityvaTmawarmoebeli afiqsis saxiT” 

(lomTaTiZe 1945: 309). mkvlevari Tvlis, rom sufiqsi -tG(M) sityva 

“sakuTrebis, kuTvnilis; monis” aRmniSvneli a-tG(M) fuZisagan aris 

nawarmoebi (lomTaTiZe 1945: 309-312 ). 

sufiqs -tG(M)-s meSveobiT iwarmoeba nazmnari saxelebi, romlebic 

aRniSnaven qmedebis obieqts, daniSnulebis saganTa saxelebs, mag.: a-ZA-tG 

“Sesawiri cxoveli”, A-kGMxSPa-tGM “sagani, romelsac avadmyofs Tavs 

Semoavleben”, a-TGhGA-tG “Sesaloci, gamosaloci. 

samedicino terminebSi sufiqs -tG(M)-s meSveobiT nawarmoebi 

arsebiTi saxelebi iSviaTad gvxvdeba. esenia: a-x˜S-tGN “malamo”, 

zedmiwevniT “wasasmeli”, arNJG-tG 1. “sasmeli”, 2. “naxarSi, wveni”, AxGSG-tG 

“samkurnalo, gansakurnavi”. ukanaskneli sityvisagan, Tavis mxriv, miiReba 

axali samedicino terminebi: masdari axGSG-tG-rA “mkurnaloba, gankurneba”, 

120

axGSG-tG-LN “mkurnali”, axGSG-tGN-ga “samkurnalo saSualeba, wamali”, axGSGtGN-rTa 

“mkurnalobis adgili, saavadmyofo”, aZNlaxGSG-tGM-rTa 

“balneologiuri samkurnalo”. am axal formebSi gamoyenebulia masdaris 

mawarmebeli -ra, moqmedi sagnis aRmniSvneli -LM, moqmedebis iaraRis 

aRmniSvneli -ga da lokatiurobis -rTa sufiqsebi. 

sazogadod, afxazur warmoqmnil saxelebSi xSirad dasturdeba 

sufiqsi -ra, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze produqtiuli derivacia. amas 

aRniSnavs afxazuri enis TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari (q. lomTaTiZe, a. genko, 

k. Sayrili, a. xecia, T. gvancelaZe, n. maWavariani...), magram yvelaze 

srulad am sufiqsis funqciuri daxasiaTeba warmodgenili aqvs a. xecias, 

romelmac misi 10-mde sityvaTwarmoebiTi funqcia gamoyo (xecia 1988: 10-12). 

samedicino terminologiaSi upiratesad gamoiyeneba nasaxelar 

zmnaTa, an abstraqtul saxelTa sawarmoeblad: aKmhGA “xvela” (saxeli) _ 

AKmhGa-ra “daxveleba”, axeKlaga “suleli, giJi” _ axEKlaga-ra “gagiJeba”, 

agGAy “mZime avadmyofi” _ agGay-ra “Zlier avad yofna, tanjva”, ahGMhGIk 

“dambla” _ ahGMhGIk-ra “damblis dacema, paralizeba”, aRÃ “Sexorcebuli 

iara” _ aRãrA “Sexorceba”... 

afxazurSi sazogadod sufiqsi -ga erTvis zmnis fuZes da 

awarmoebs im iaraRis mniSvnelobis mqone arsebiT saxels, romlis 

meSveobiTac axorcieleben qmedebas, xolo samedicino terminologiaSi 

ki ZiriTadad samkurnalo saSualebas aRniSnavs. 

es sityvebi umeteswilad rTuli Sedgenilobisani arian, pirveli 

komponenti – saxelis fuZea, romelic migviTiTebs mkurnalobis obieqtze: 

afxZNlx-ga “oflmdeni saSualeba” _ afxZN “ofli” + Alxra “gamoReba, 

gamotana”. aseTive modeliT nawarmoebi sityvebia: aSPourartGAga//aSPouraxCPN-ga 

“sicxis damwevi”, ayN-ga “Cirqgrovis gasaxsneli dana”, 

axMrfSPAa-ga “iaraRi, romliTac adamianis sxeulidan tyvia amoaqvT”, 

arMLSN-ga “narkozi, gamayuCebeli”, aSPouraSGN-ga “sicxis sazomi, 

Termometri”. 

afxazur enaSi sufiqsi -xa daerTvis saxelis fuZes da awarmoebs 

gardaqceviTobis semantikis mqone gardauval nasaxelar dinamikur zmnas. 

es sufiqsi dasturdeba zog samedicino terminSic da mas axlavs xolme 

masdaris -ra sufiqsi: 

121

abzIa-xa-ra “kargad gaxdoma”, AicGa-xa-ra “uaresad gaxdoma”, AiR˜-xara 

“momjobineba”, axAga-xa-ra “gagiJeba”, aKmgGadU-xa-ra “dafexmZimeba”, 

afsNlacGa-xa-ra “gasuqeba”, afsAivwa-xa-ra “xrCoba, qoSini”, Amsa-xa-ra 

“garqovaneba”, aWPaha-xa-rA “gaSeSeba”, afMrxaga-xa-ra “wyena, mowamlva, 

mavnebloba”, AlaSG-xa-ra “dabrmaveba”. 

afxazur enaSi sufiqsi -da gamoxatavs risame uqonlobas, 

romelsac SeiZleba mosdevdes masdaris/abstraqtulobis -ra sufiqsic: 

azLN-da-ra “janmrTeloba”, anu “senis arqona” (AzLa “avadmyofoba, 

infeqciuri daavadeba”); axGSGN-da-ra “uwamloba, wamlis uqonloba”; agÃmada-ra 

“gemos SegrZnebis uqonloba; umadoba”, axSPAra-da-ra “unayofoba, 

uSviloba”. 

mocemuli modeli SeiZleba garTulebuli iyos uaryofiTi m 

nawilakiT; A-m-cGa-da-ra “uZiloba”. zogjer uaryofis Sinaarsi 

gadmocemulia mxolod zmnis fuZeSi CarTuli m afiqsiTac: agGa-m-bzIara 

“avadmyofoba”, Ala-m-SGara “dauorsulebloba/uSviloba”. 

Tanamedrove afxazurSi neologizmebis mawarmoeblad erToblivad 

gvevlineba a-k-rA “daWera, Wera” zmnis k Ziri da kauzativis mawarmoebeli 

r- prefiqsi. xsenebuli derivatebis produqtiuloba Zalze maRalia 

samedicino terminologiaSic: 

derivati k: Aap-k-ra “cofi; gacofeba”, afSPA-k-ra “revmatizmi”, 

acGMmzNm-k-ra “uZiloba”, agGawG-k-rA “filtvebis anTeba”, aWMrkGAl-k-ra 

“krunCxva”. 

derivati r-k: axGSGN-r-k-ra “wamliT gaJRenTva, mowamlva”, aSPhamN-rk-ra 

“wamliT gaJRenTva, mowamlva”. 

daavadebebisa da mkurnalobis aRmniSvnel afxazur samedicino 

terminebSi didi raodenobiT gvxvdeba rTulfuZiani sityvebi. maTi 

umravlesoba iwarmoeba kompoziciiT Semdegi modelis mixedviT: 

daavadebuli organos saxeli + sityvebi aCNmazara “daavadeba”, an axÃa 

“tkivili”. 

terminebis komponentebi warmodgenilia metyvelebis Semdegi 

nawilebiT: arsebiTi saxeli+ arsebiTi saxeli, arsebiTi saxeli+ 

zedsarTavi saxeli, arsebiTi saxeli+ zmnis fuZe. 

122

arsebiTi saxeli + arsebiTi saxeli modelis mixedviT agebuli 

mravali kompozituri terminis pirveli komponenti gamoxatulia 

daavadebuli organos aRmniSneli arsebiTi saxelebiT: 

AmgGa “muceli”, auatAla “jirkvali”, Ala “Tvali”, alNmha “yuri”, 

axafNc “kbili”, az “naRveli”, AbRa “zurgi”, AbaL “Zvali”, Aca “kuWi”, AxGda 

“yeli”, agGN “guli”, acGA “kani”, agGawGA “RviZli”. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, 

daavadebis saxeobis konkretizacia xorcieldeba daavadebuli organos 

aRmniSvneli pirveli komponentiT. 

amgvar terminTa meore komponentad gvevlineba sityvebi axÃa 

“tkivili” anda aCNmazara “daavadeba”. 

organos dasaxeleba + axãa: AmgGaxãa “muclis tkivili”, auatAlaxãa 

“jirkvlis tkivili”, Acaxãa “kuWis tkivili”, alaxãa “Tvalis tkivili”, 

alNmhaxãa “yuris tkivili”, axafNcxãa “kbilis tkivili”, AbRaxãa “Tvalis 

tkivili” da a.S. 

gvxvdeba zemoT CamoTvlili terminebis sxvagvari, gamartivebuli 

formac, roca axãa sityvis mxolod Tanxmovania darCenili: AmgGax˜ 

“muclis tkivili”, auatAlax˜ “jirkvlis tkivili”, axNx˜ “Tavis tkivili”. 

rac Seexeba cxovelebis daavadebebis saxelebs, maTSi pirvel 

komponentad gvevlineba ara daavadebuli organos saxeli, aramed Tavad 

cxovelis saxelwodeba: ahGarAx˜ “Roris Wiri”. 

organos dasaxeleba + aCNmazara “daavadeba”: aW P MwaCNmazara “piris 

Rrus daavadeba”, aWaWaCNmazara “Tirkmlis daavadeba”, arMfhaCNmazara 

“filtvis daavadeba”, agGawGaCNmazara “RviZlis daavadeba”. am terminebis 

semantika migviTiTebs ara tkivilze, aramed daavadebaze. 

zmnuri komponentis Semcveli rTuli terminebi farTod 

gamoiyeneba afxazur enaSi. zmnuri komponentis struqtura araerTgvaria. 

agreTve araerTgvarovania terminis komponentebs Soris urTierTobebi. es 

urTierTobebi gansazRvraven mTlianad rTuli terminis jamur 

mniSvnelobas. zmnis struqturidan gamomdinare gamovyofT rTuli 

terminebis Semdeg modelebs: 

a) saxeli + damoukidebeli, an damokidebuli realizaciis mqone 

zmna. ufro xSirad zmna masdaris formiTaa warmodgenili: 

123

AbaL-fwGara “motexiloba” < a-baL “Zvali” + (a-)fwGara “motexa”; 

aWapAn-kaSGara “Wipis amovardna” < a-Wapan “Wipi” + (a-)kaSGara “patara 

zomis raRacis amovardna”; 

ax˜Ta-lalara “gacieba” < a-x˜Ta “sicive” + (a-)lalara “raRacis 

SigniT Sesvla”; 

amgGa-xAsra “dizenteria” < a-mgGa “muceli” + (a-)xasra “epidemiis, 

daavadebebis gavrceleba”... 

b) organos saxelwodeba + kauzatiuri mimReoba: 

axGda-r-CN “ybayura”; 

acGa-r-kWN “Cutyvavila”; 

acGA-r-fS P Za “yvavili”... 

g) zemoxsenebul models hgavs konstruqcia, romlis meSveobiTac 

nawarmoebia termini arNx˜TSra “cieba, kankali”, magram zemoT moyvanili 

terminebisgan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom kauzaciis afiqsi aq sxva pozicias 

ikavebs: is dgas ara mimReobis, aramed mTeli rTuli fuZis dasawyisSi. es 

rTuli fuZis leqsikalizaciis Sedegia. 

d) organos dasaxeleba + zmna akra “daWera, dakaveba, Sepyroba”. 

mocemuli modeli aris yvelaze gavrcelebuli sityvaTmawarmoebeli 

modeli. Aam modelisTvis damaxasiaTebelia or variantSi realizacia: 

kompozituri, rodesac zmna akra asrulebs saxelis ganuyofeli nawilis 

funqcias (mag.: acGMmzMm-k-ra “uZiloba”) da meore, roca akra zmna 

daavadebis dasaxelebisas (nominaciisas) Sedis rTuli fuZis 

SemadgenlobaSi (mag.: a-x˜Ta-kra “gacieba, Secieba”), magram saTanado 

procesis klasovan-pirovani da drouli semantikis gamoxatvis 

aucileblobis dros igi gamodis zmnis fuZis Semadgenlobidan da 

iuRleba Cveulebriv (ax˜Ta sakit “me Semcivda”, zedmiwevniT “sicivem 

Semipyro”). 

e) kompozitebi da Sesityvebebi, romlebic Sedgebian arsebiTi 

saxelisa da xarisxobrivi zedsarTavi saxelisagan: 

alafSP-cGgã “gaTvalva” < alafSP “mzera” + (a-)cGgã “cudi”; 

aimhGa bzia “yivanaxvela” < aimhGa “xvela” + (a-)bzia “kargi”; 

124

aimhGa cGgã “Wleqi” (zedmiwevniT “cudi xvela”) < aimhGa “xvela” + 

(a)cGgã “cudi”. 

terminebis didi nawili termin-Sesityvebebia, anu isini Sedgeba 

erTmaneTTan sintaqsur kavSirSi Semavali erTze meti damoukidebeli 

sityvisagan (gamonaTqvamisagan). amgvari termin-Sesityvebebia: akãteK 

CMmazara WPkM baafsM “dizenteria” (zedmiwevniT “nawlavis Zalian cudi 

gadamdebi daavadeba”). aseTi SemTxvevebi metad iSviaTia. 

SedarebiT xSiria saxelebisagan Semdgari termin-Sesityvebebi, 

romelTa komponentebsac erTmaneTTan posesiuri urTierTobebi 

akavSirebT: 

ancGa rCMmazara “RmerTebis avadmyofoba” (zedmiwevniT “RmerTebis 

avadmyofoba” _ wiTelas tabuirebuli saxelwodeba). 

aq sityva ancGa “RmerTi” aRniSnavs RmerTebis krebuls, razec 

migviTiTebs saxelwodebis meore komponentSi mravlobiTi ricxvis mesame 

piris kuTvnilebis maCvenebeli r-. 

125

Tavi III 

fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli 

leqsika 

am TavSi warmodgenilia adamianis fiziologiur procesebTan da 

maT produqtebTan dakavSirebuli afxazuri saxelwodebebis 

struqturuli, semantikuri da etimologiuri analizis Sedegebi. 

aRniSnuli terminologiis mopoveba da damuSaveba garkveul 

sirTuleebs warmoadgenda, radganac Tanamedrove afxazurSi ZiRiTadad 

gamoiyeneba rusuli terminologia. 

agreTve sirTules warmoadgenda savele muSaobebis dros 

garkveuli terminebis (afxazebSi e.w. sasircxvilo terminebis) mopoveba- 

Cawera, radganac amgvari sityvebi ZiriTadad tabuirebulia da aRweriT 

an evfemizaciiT aris warmodgenili. A 

zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare fiziologiur procesebTan da maT 

produqtebTan dakavSurebuli leqsika frazeologizmebSi da samxatvro 

teqstebSi Zalian iSviaTad dasturdeba. 

AKmakWra ”daWknoba (kanisa)” 

zmnis fuZe Sedgeba kW Zirisagan, romelsac erTvis saurTierTo 

kategoriis aK- prefiqsi, lokatiuri ma- preverbi da masdaris 

mawarmoebeli -ra sufiqsi. mTlianad AKmakWra etimologiurad niSnavs 

“erTianad daWknobas”. amave kMW Zirisagan momdinareobs sityva a-kaWN-ra // 

a-kMWN-ra “naoWi”. Ziris amosavali varianti SenarCunebulia a-kaWN-ra 

formaSi, romelSic daculia pirveladi a xmovani. zmna erTpiriani da 

gardauvalia. klasovan-pirovani uRvlilebisas dairTavs ZiriTadad 

126

subieqtis d-s rigis niSnebsa da dro-kiloTa sufiqsebs: icGa [K-]eKmakWit 

“mas (mamak.) kani daunaoWda”. 

aTakGaJG lZamLa eKmakWKt “moxucebuli qalis loya daWkna (danaoWda)” 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 – I :59) 

AKmsara “dacemineba” 

termini Sedgeba saurTierTo kategoriis aK- prefiqsisagan, 

lokatiuri ma- preverbis uxmovno variantisa da masdaris -ra 

sufiqsisagan. zmna erTpiriani da gardauvalia. klasovan-pirovani 

uRvlilebisas dairTavs ZiriTadad subieqtis d-s rigis niSnebsa da drokiloTa 

sufiqsebs: d-eKmseKt “mas (ad.) daacemina”. 

ajma eKmseKt, abga “haKr” ahGeKt “Txas daacemina, melam “xeiri” Tqva” 

(gulia, 1985: 181) 

AKmhGa “xvela” (ars. sax.) 

nazmnari arsebiTi saxelia. momdinarebs AimhGara “daxveleba” 

zmnisagan. warmodgenilia wminda fuZis saxiT. 

aKmhGa WPkup “xvela avadmyofobaa” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 - I: 62) 

AKmhGara “xvela” 

zmna imave morfologiur inventars Seicavs, rasac zemoT 

ganxiluli AKmsara “dacemineba” forma: termini Sedgeba saurTierTo 

kategoriis aK- prefiqsisagan, lokatiuri ma- preverbis uxmovno 

variantisa da masdaris -ra sufiqsisagan. analogia sxva mxrivac gvaqvs: es 

zmnac erTpiriani da gardauvalia. klasovan-pirovani uRvlilebisas 

dairTavs ZiriTadad subieqtis d-s rigis niSnebsa da dro-kiloTa 

sufiqsebs: deimhGeit “mas (ad.) daaxvela”. 

mMcxGM aCCara aKmhGara aSToup “bevr sicils xvela mosdevs” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986 _ I: 62) 

AKsra “cema, Zgera (gulisa)”, “Zlieri sunTqva” 

Seicavs saurTierTo kategoriis aK- prefiqssa da masdaris -ra 

sufiqss, ar Seicavs lokatiur preverbs. Ziria a-s-ra “cema, dartyma” 

127

martivfuZiani zmnis s Tanxmovani. etimologiurad niSnavs “erTmaneTze 

dartymas”, “erTad cemas”. gulisZgeris aRmniSvnelad gamoyenebisas 

saWiroebs a-gGM “guli” sityvis darTvasac: sgGM [K]eKsueKt “guli micems, 

guli miZgers”. zmna erTpiriani da gardauvalia. klasovan-pirovani 

uRvlilebisas dairTavs ZiriTadad subieqtis d-s rigis niSnebsa da drokiloTa 

sufiqsebs 

ada adMf-dMfhGa KeKsueKt “ZarRvis adif-dif (bgeriTi mibaZva) 

feTqavs” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 _ I: 66) 

a-bzxMqGcGAJGara “Clifini” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis sityva. pirveli komponentis abz “ena” 

Sesaxeb vrclad ix. Cveni naSromis I TavSi, meore komponenti xMqG fuZea 

arsebiTi saxelisa a-xMqG “kide, napiri”, mesame komponenti cGaJGara ki a- 

cGaJGara “laparaki, saubari” zmnis fuZea. zedmiwevniT: “enis kideze, enis 

kidiT laparaki”. 

a-blaAm “balRami” Turqulidan nasesxebi sityvaa. TurqulSi balgam 

“naxvels; Cirqs” niSnavs. 

a-blaAmZ “naRveliT pirRebineba” 

a-blaam Turqulidan nasesxebi sityvaa da balRams niSnavs, meore 

komponentia wylis aRmniSvneli sityvis TanxmovniTi nawili. zedmiwevniT 

niSnavs “balRam-wyals”. 

a-bRAJG “fufxi iaraze” 

sityvis etimologia naTeli ar aris da damatebiT kvlevas 

saWiroebs. 

axGra abRaJG aqGleKt “iaraze fufxi moedo, gaCnda” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986 - I: 98). 

a-gÃma, aSxar., tap. gÃma “gemo; mada” 

nasesxebia qarTveluri enebidan, Sdr.: qarTuli gemo. 

128

nasesxeb masalaSi e xmovani ukanaenismierTa da faringaluri y-s 

momdevnod afxazurSi gadmocmulia a xmovniT, mgram iwvevs winamaval 

TanxmovanTa gapalatalurebas (lomTaTiZe 1976: 47). rig nasesxeb sityvaSi 

gamsesxebeli enis o xmovnis adgilas gvxvdeba a (lomTaTiZe 1976: 51). 

gamoiyeneba myar SesityvebebSic, magaliTad, a-gÃma ikit “Zalian 

moewona, gaigo, rom Zalian kargia (gemo gaugo)”. 

jabaada krMzHo, aHatG iagãmou izdMram “uSromlad mWameli ver igebs, 

saWmels ra gemo aqvs” (gulia, 1985: 187). 

a-gGabzÁ"ara “janmrTeloba” 

Sedgeba a-gGM “guli” saxelisa da a-bzia ”kargi” zedsarTavi 

saxelisagan nawarmoebi abstraqtulobis a-bzia-ra “sikarge; sikeTe, 

kargoba” formisagan. termini mTlianobaSi gulisxmobs “gulis sikarges”, 

anu janmrTelobis qonas. sayuradReboa, rom afxazur enaSi janmrTeloba 

maincdamainc gulis mdgomareobasTanaa asocirebuli. sityva xSirad 

gvxvdeba myar SesityvebebSi: EagGabzÁara umazaaKt! “janmrTeloba gqonodes!” 

us gGabzÁara oaaKt! “Seni ar mjera” (zedmiwevniT: “ase mogeces 

janmrTeloba”). es ukanaskneli gacveTili frazaa: unda yofiliyo “ise 

janmrTeloba mogces, rogorc marTals ambobde/rogori marTalic iyo”. 

CMmazara zMmbac, gGabziara haTMr izaqGMm “visac avadmyofoba ar 

unaxavs, janmrTelobas ar afasebs” (gulia, 1985: 160). 

a-gGafxaCAra “mada”. 

pirveli komponentia a-gGafxa-ra “mowoneba” zmnis fuZe, meore ki a- 

Ca-ra “puroba” abstraqtuli saxelis fuZe. zedmiwevniT niSnavs 

“mowonebiT, siamovnebiT purobas”. 

a-gGAnq˜bJM “kvnesa” 

miRebulia a-gGM “guli” arsebiTi saxelis fuZeze a-q˜-rA “kvnesa” 

masdaris q˜ Zirisa da a-bJM N“xma” arsebiTi saxelis darTviT. kompoziti 

zedmiwevniT niSnavs “gulis kvnesis xmas”, Sdr. qarT. guli ukvnesis. 

a-gGEKsbJM M“guliscema, gulisZgera” 

129

Sedgeba sami komponentisagan: arsebiTi saxeli a-gGMG “guli” + 

aKsra “cema” zmnis usufiqso nawili + arsebiTi saxeli a-bJM “xma”. 

kompoziti zedmiwevniT iTargmneba, rogorc “gulis cemis xma”. 

axGMWM igGeKsMbJ arantG Ksahauan “bavSvis guliscema aqedan mesmoda” 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 _ I: 160) 

a-gGEKsra “guliscema” 

kompoziti miRebulia gulis aRmniSvnel imave a-gGM sityvasTan aKsra 

“erTmaneTisTvis dartyma” masdaris mierTebis gziT. axali mniSvneloba 

warmoqmnilia imis xazgasmiT, rom guli ganuwyvetliv cems, zedized 

ismis misi xma (Sdr. qarTuli: guliscema, guli cems, guli ucems, 

gulisZgera, guli Zgers, guli uZgers). 

am kompozitur masdarsac igive Tavisebureba axasiaTebs, rac a- 

gGaangMlara “gulis gaCereba” termins, kerZod, sityva a-gGeKsra 

fiziologiuri procesis aRmniSvneli dasaxelebis (nominatiuri) formaa 

da ukve termins warmoadgens, Tumca enaSi jer kidev ar gamqrala misi 

Semadgeneli orive komponentis damoukidebel sityvebad aRqma, rac 

vlindeba dro-kiloTa formebis warmoebisas kompozitis or 

damoukidebel sityvad daSlis faqtSi: “guli micems” afxazurad iqneba 

sgGM eKsueKt “guli micems, guli miZgers”. 

mMta igGeKsra iaha-iaha iRGRGaxon “mitas guliscema ufro da ufro 

Zlierdeboda” (Sayrili, konjaria – I:160) 

a-gGNTyãra “SiSi; foriaqi” 

miRebulia a-gGM “guli” sityvasTanG a-TyãrA “CaRrmavebuli 

adgilidan amovardna” masdaris SerwymiT da mTlianad termins aqvs 

semantika: “gulis Signidan amovardna > SiSi”. analogiuri warmoSobisaa 

qarTuli frazeologizmi: SiSisagan guli amouvarda. am kompozituri 

terminis SemTxvevaSic, dro-kiloTa warmoebisas, igi or Semadgenel 

sityvad iSleba. mag., “meSinia” iqneba sgGM TyõKt “guli (Signidan) 

mivardeba” 

a-gGNxMnhGra “gulisreva” 

130

termini Sedgeba a-gGM “guli” sityvisa da a-xMnhGra “dabruneba” 

masdarisagan. erTi SexedviT, am SemTxvevaSi semantikuri alogikurobaa, 

radgan gulisreva “gulis dabrunebis” semantikasTan ar aris 

dakavSirebuli, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom “dabrunebis” 

cnebasTan axlosaa “amobrunebis, amotrialebis” cneba, unda vivaraudoT, 

rom kompozitis meore komponenti a-xMnhGra am kompozitSi gamoyenebuli 

unda iyos swored “amobrunebis, amotrialebis” mniSvnelobiT. 

analogiisaTvis Sdr. qarTuli: bavSvs guli aeria, lamis gul-muceli 

amoubrunda. es termini, iseve rogorc zemoT moyvanili sxva zmnuri 

kompizituri terminebi, dro-kiloTa formebis warmoebisas Semadgenel 

sityvebad iSleba: afxazurad “guli mereva” iqneba sgGM xMnhGueKt. 

aCMmazaL lassM-lassM agGMxMnhGra wigeKt “avadmyofs xSirad guli 

ereoda” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 –I: 180). 

a-dAgGa, abaz. dagG, ubix. dagGM, adiR. dagGa // dagGM “yru” 

a. Sagirovis azriT, termini adiRuri warmoSobisaa da miRebulia 

da “smena”, an “yuri” Zireul morfemaze gGa//qGa privatuli sufiqsis 

darTviT. avtori saanalizo sityvas adarebs SafsuRur dagGa “pirutyvis 

mokle yurebi” sityvasTan, sadac meore nawilSi gvxvdeba igive privatuli 

sufiqsi, romlis amosavalia damoukidebeli zedsarTavi “mokle”. a. 

Sagirovi wers, rom elementi “smenis”, an “yuris” aRmniSneli igive da 

Ziri warmodgenilia zmnaSi daÏGan “miyuradeba, yurad aReba”. 

avtoris azriT, gGa//qGa privatuli sufiqsi gvxvdeba ara marto 

adiRur enebSi, magram sityvis fuZismieri nawili (da) gvaZlevs safuZvels 

vifiqroT, rom afxazurSi, abazursa da ubixurSi saanalizo fuZe 

adiRuri nasesxobaa, xolo afxazuris meSveobiT es sityva Sevida 

megrulSic _ dagva “yru” (Sagirovi 1977 I: 145). Cven viziarebT a. Sagirovis 

am mosazrebas. 

adagGa izM LMntG adaul KaseKt “urisTvis dolze orjer ukraven” 

(Sayrili, konjaria: 1986 – I:193). 

a-dMqdNqra “xSiri guliscema, bagabugi, dagadugi” 

131

am sityvaSi gamoiyofa zogadobis a- prefiqsi da masdaris -ra 

mawarmoebeli, xolo dMq-dNq guliscemis xmis mimbaZveli 

reduplicirebuli Ziria. 

Maxaz dneKuan amLa dMqGnM, igGM dMqdMqGan “maxazi gzad midioda, mis 

guls bagabugi gahqonda” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 – I: 214). 

a-dGax˜carA “defekacia” 

kompozituri Sedgenilobis sityvaa. Sedgeba a-dGM “mindori; 

gareT” fuZisgan momdinare dGM lokatiuri preverbisa da x˜ 

Tandebulisgan, romelbic gvaZleven zmnizedas “gareT” es zmnisarTi 

saanalizo sityvaSi mierTebulia a-cara “wasvla” zmnis fuZeze. 

mTlianobaSi evfemisturi termini a-dGax˜cara zedmiwevniT niSnavs “gareT 

gasvlas”. 

a-dGnNcara “fekalia” 

iseve, rogorc zemoT ganxiluli termini, kompozituri 

Sedgenilobis sityvaa. Sedgeba a-dGM “mindori; gareT” fuZisagan 

momdinare dG lokatiuri preverbisa da adgilis aRmniSvneli n- 

prefiqsisagan, romlebic gvaZleven damoukidebel a-dGnN “gareT” 

zmnisarTs. es zmnisarTi saanalizo sityvaSi mierTebulia a-cara “wasvla” 

zmnis fuZeze. mTlianobaSi evfemisturi termini a-dGnNcara zedmiwevniT 

niSnavs “gareT gasvlas” 

a-TGA “Cirqi” 

am martivfuZiani terminis etimologia cxadi ar aris da 

damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

aSGra aTGa TMrxKt “Cirqgrovidan Cirqi amoiRes” (Sayrili, 

kaslanZia, 1986 – II: 179) 

a-z, abaz. zM, adiR. zazM “naRveli” (naRvlis buStis mier 

gamoyofili nivTiereba) 

saerTo afxazur-adiRuri sityvaa. afxazursa da abazurSi 

SemorCenili variantebis Sedareba adiRur formasTan gvarwmunebs, rom 

132

adiRur enebSi reduplikaciaa momxdari da Tavdapirveli afxazuradiRuri 

varianti unda yofiliyo za (Sayrili 1968: 25). az forma 

afxazurSi frazeologiaSic ixmareba. magaliTad: iz iWPMrxit “piridan 

naRveli amouRes” > “bevri arbenines, daRales, daqances”. 

azTra amakGan eKfSP agGawGa iadhGaloup, aLnMwya az Toup “naRvlis 

buSti tomaras gavs, RviZlTan aris dakavSirebuli, SigniT 

naRvelia moTavsebuli” (kviwinia 1997: 119) 

aKcGk˜Msra “slokini” 

aRniSnul sityvaSi ai- saurTierTo kategoriis niSania, cG- zmnuri 

prefiqsi, romelic uneblie moqmedebas aRniSnavs, xolo k˜Ms Ziria a-k˜Ms-ra 

“Sexeba, mokideba” zmnisa. 

“slokini” gamowveulia diafragmis uecari, uneblie SekumSviT, 

sityvis semantikac am movlenasTanaa dakavSirebuli. zmna erTpiriani da 

gardauvalia. klasovan-pirovani uRvlilebisas dairTavs ZiriTadad 

subieqtis d-s rigis niSnebsa da dro-kiloTa sufiqsebs: d-eicGk˜Msueit 

“mas (ad.) aslokinebs”. 

saaTk ayara wueKt dKacGk˜MsueKJTeK “ukve erTi saaTia rac 

aslokinebs” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 _ I: 284) 

a-krNHara “Wama” 

rTulfuZiani sityvaa: Seicavs a-Hara “Wama” zmnasTan mierTebul 

akrN “raime (bevri)” saxels. uRvlilebisas sityva SeZleba daiSalos or 

sityvad: akrN iHeKt “rame (bevri) Wama”. 

akrMHaraWPM jamxGMxG iLMzcGeK KareK awaxozma? “WamaSi jamxuxu da misi 

megobrebi gana waagebdnen?” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997:117) 

a-kGNsra “sqesobrivi aqti, Coire” (dikGNsit ”man (mamakacma) masTan 

sqesobrivi aqti Seasrula”) 

masdaris fuZe Seicavs zogadi formis mawarmoebel a- prefiqssa 

da masdaris mawarmoebel -ra sufiqss. kGNs segmenti SeiZleba Seicavdes 

ubis aRmniSvnel kG Zirsa (Sdr. klitoris saxelwodeba) da “cemis, 

Cacemis, dartymis” aRmniSvneli a-s-ra zmnis s Zirs. 

133

a-lafSPwaSGAra “halucinacia” 

kompozitia. pirveli komponentia mzeris aRmniSvneli a-lafSP 

termini, romelic Tavis mxriv Seicavs Tvalis aRmniSvnel a-la fuZesa da 

mzerisave aRmniSvnel fSP Zirs. meore komponentia a-wa-SGa-ra “ramis qveS 

moxvedra” zmnis fuZe. mTlianobaSi termini iTargmneba rogorc “mzeris 

qveS moxvedra”. 

A-laSGara “Casaxva” 

zmnuri termini Seicavs lokatiur la- FfuZe-windebulsa da 

moxvedris, Cavardnis aRmniSvnel SGara fuZes. maSasadame, Casaxva niSnavs 

“rameSi Cavardnas, Sig Cavardnas”. 

lcGa dalaSGeKt douhala axSPara zedmiwevniT “mis kanSi Cavarda 

(Caisaxa) zeciuri Zalebis meSveobiT bavSvi”, “zeciuri Zalebis 

CareviT is daorsulda” (abrskili, informatori Wanba merab, 

kaldaxvara, 2003). 

A-laRMrZ, tap. laZN “cremli” 

tapanTur dialeqtTan (laZM) SedarebiT afxazurSi (ala-RMr-Z) 

zedmetia RMr segmenti, romlis raobac sarkvevia. tapanTuri la-ZN 

miRebulia Tvalis aRmniSvneli SedarebiT axali la da wylis 

aRmniSvneli ZM fuZeebis SeerTebis gziT da zedmiwevniT niSnavs “Tvalis 

wyals”. Tavdapirveli forma unda yofiliyo *bala a-ZM, romelSic meore 

sityvis Tavkidura a- xmovani nivTis gramatikuli klasis kuTvnilebiTi 

prefiqsi iqneboda. momdevno safexurze es prefiqsi reducirda da moxda 

ori fuZis sruli Serwyma. 

laRMrZi WPi eiqGixuam “gauCerebliv tiris”, zedmiwevniT “cremlsa da 

pirs erTimeores ar aSorebs”. (kaslanZia, 1995: 57). 

a-lacGyGNsra “uneblie daxamxameba” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis (arsebiTi saxeli + masdari) zmna: A-lacGa 

“quTuTo”+ a-yGNsra “daxamxameba”. 

ui uaJGi-uaJGi dlacGyGMsuan “is xSirad axamxamebda” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986 – I:411). 

134

a-lacGkGAb abJ., a-cGkGMmJMr // a-CkGMmJGMr bzif. “Tvalis Cirqovani 

gamonadeni” 

kompozituri Sedgenilobis sityva, sadac Sedis a-la “Tvali” + cG 

acGa-dan “kani” (alacGa “quTuTo”) + ucnobi warmomavlobis kGab segmenti. 

SesaZlebelia, es segmenti igive iyos, rac dasturdeba a-cGM-kGbar 

“wveTi” sityvaSi. 

A-lbaadara “ylapva, Caylapva” 

sityva Sedgeba lbaa- preverbisa (mniSvnelobiT “zemodan qveviT”) 

da gatarebis aRmniSvneli da Zirisagan, romlebsac erTvis masdaris 

mawarmoebeli -ra. 

us, amaTGaqGa SPMlMZGZGoz, ilMzgGamTaZakGa, axahG ilbaaldeit. ase, 

tansacmels rom recxavda, ver SeamCnia da qva gadaylapa. (afxazuri 

zRaprebi, 1977:378). 

A-mla “SimSili” 

martivfuZiani sityvaa, romlis etimologia gasarkvevia. 

afxazur-adiRur enaTa Soris dadgenili bgeraTSesatyvisobebis 

erTeuli magaliTebidan cnobilia adiRur enaTa mJReri lateraluri l 

spirantisa da afxazur-abazuri J-s Sesatyvisoba: adiR. lM, afx.-abaz. a- 

JM/JN “xorci”. zog SemTxvevaSi imave adiRur laterals Seesabameba 

afxazur-abazuri sonanti l: adiRuri Rabla (pirvel nawilSi Ra “weli”) 

“SimSili, ara mosavliani” : afxaz.-abaz. a-mla/mla. mocemul 

bgeraTSesatyvisobaSi sawyisi mdgomareoba SeinarCuna afxazur-abazurma 

qvejgufma. adiRur enebSi magari sonanti l daemTxva Zvel lateralur 

spirant l-s, romelmac mogvca J afxazur-abazur niadagze (Sagirovi 

1982: 31). 

jamxGMxG aZGM ahahaihGa anMSGgGalqGa SPiHoz, nasg˜M, dMrLeg˜Mx amla hGa 

SPihGoz ibeKt “jamxuxma dainaxa, rom erTi adamiani miwas Wamda da 

mainc “mSias” iZaxda (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1977:115). 

A-mlaSra “SimSili” 

135

Sedgeba A-mla “SimSili” arsebiTi saxelisa da a-SrA “mokvla” 

masdarisagan. uRvlilebisas an dauSlelad icvlis formas (sMmlaSueKt 

“mSia, SimSili mklavs”), anda iSleba Semadgenel sityvebad (amla saSueKt 

“mSia, SimSili mklavs”) (lomTaTiZe, 1976: 54-60). 

mlaSra cMHa azdMram, acGa – axCM “SimSili misaWmels (dasayolebels) 

ar eZebs, Zili – baliSs” (gulia, 1985: 172). 

A-mcGadara “uZiloba” 

zmna Seicavs Zilis aRmniSvnel cGa Zirs, romelsac erTvis 

uaryofis m- prefiqsi da uqonlobis -da sufiqsi, anu uaryofa ormagadaa 

gamoxatuli (gvancelaZe, 2010: 74). 

A-JPahGara abJ., a-JPahGarA bzif., tap. JPahGarA “coxna” 

terminis etimologia naTeli ar aris da damatebiT kvlevas 

moiTxovs. 

aJG ahask˜Mn aJPahGOKt “Zroxa balaxs coxnis” (Sayrili, konjaria, 

1986 _ I: 226). 

a-JAmkra “Wknoba, gaxdoma; sigamxdre” 

rTulfuZiani sityvaa, nawarmoebia predikatiuli sintagmis 

safuZvelze, romelic moqmedebis obieqtis aRmniSvnel komponents 

Seicavs. am modelSi aRsaniSnavia uaryofis maCvenebeli m, romelic 

termins uaryofiTi moqmedebis mniSvnelobas aniWebs: a-JM “xorci”, a-m-kra 

“ver daWera”, anu termini niSnavs “xorcis sxeulze ver daWeras, 

gaxdomas, daWknobas.” Sdr. antonimi A-Jkra “gasuqeba, momateba”. 

A-Jkra “gasuqeba, momateba” 

es termini semantikurad zemoT ganxiluli terminis antonimi, 

sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqonea. Sedgeba a-JM “xorci” da a-kra “daWera” 

sityaTa fuZeebisagan, xolo zedmiwevniT “sxeulze xorcvis mokidebas”, 

anu “gasuqebas” niSnavs. 

136

uK aJkra ilzMmarioup “is advilad suqdeba” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 

– I:230). 

A-JGra “daleva”. 

Ziria JG, romelic materialurad identuria qarT. su-m-a fuZis su 

Zirisa. 

aCaraWPM aLM maWnM iaaJGKt “qorwilSi Rvino cota davlieT” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986 –I: 238). 

a-rsarA “moneleba” 

zmnis masdari, romelSic warmodgenilia kauzativis prefiqsi r. 

asara afxazurSi asara “burRulis moxarSvas” niSnavs, magram am 

konkretul sityvasTan kavSiri ver dadginda. 

sityvis etimologia cxadi ar aris da damatebiT kvlevas 

saWiroebs. 

aHatG arsara “saWmlis moneleba” (kviwinia, 1997: 99). 

a-rNmZ “Sardi” 

SesaZloa, am sityvaSi Z Tanxmovani a-ZM “wyali” saxelisagan 

momdinareobdes, magram danarCen segmentebis raoba cxadi ar aris. 

acGeiJ ialgatGu arMmZ eKzoKt aWaWa asaaraWPM “organizmidan 

gamosayofi Sardi grovdeba Tirkmlis fialebSi” (kviwinia, 

1997: 128). 

a-fsTAzaara “cxovreba; sicocxle” 

kompozituri Sedgenilobis sityvaa, sadac a-fsMM“suls” niSnavs, 

xolo a-Ta-zaa-ra “raRacis SigniT raimes yofna” zmnis Ziria. mTlianad a- 

fsTAzaara zedmiwevniT “sxeulSi sulis yofnas” niSnavs. 

auaLM ifsTazaara kãWPup “adamianis sicocxle moklea” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986 – II: 41). 

a-fsNf “amosunTquli da CasunTquli haeri” 

137

am sityvaSiac gvxvdeba fuZe a-fsMM“suli”, xolo f segmentis 

mniSvneloba gaurkvevelia. 

afsMf laga-Lagaga acGeiJxGtaqGa “sunTqvis organoebi” (kviwinia, 

1997:121). 

a-fxNZ “sizmari” 

sityvis struqtura cxadi ar aris. 

dmMcGakGa fxMZ ibeKt “uZilod sizmari naxa” (gulia, 1985: 133) 

afxMZ abara “sizmris naxva” (amiWba, 2008: 127). 

a-fxZN, abaz. fxZN “ofli” 

SeiZleboda CagveTvala kompozitad, romelic Sedgeba zedsarTavi 

saxelisa da arsebiTi saxelis fuZeebisagan: A-fxa “Tbili” + a-ZN “wyali”, 

anu “Tbili wyali”. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom aq darRveulia 

msazRvrel-sazRvrulis wyoba: afxazur-abazurSi, Cveulebriv, jer dgas 

arsebiTi saxeli da meore adgils ikavebs pirveladi zedsarTavi saxeli. 

a. abdokovis azriT, es sityva mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa saerTo 

kuTvnilebaa (abdokovi 1983: 74). 

dxMnhGKt, afxZM ix˜SM dkahaa-bRalaa “dabrunda ofliani (ofl 

wasmuli) vardniT da gorviT (fexze Zlivs idga)” (narTebi…, 2000: 27). 

a-fNnway˜ “wvintli” 

gamWvirvale etimologiis terminia. Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: 

a-fNnwa “cxviri” + a- yÑ “nakeli, funa” sityvis Ziri. amosavali semantikac 

gasagebia: “cxviris nakeli”. 

a-qGMfsNChara “xvneSa, oxvra” 

kompoziti Sedgeba qGM- lokatiuri preverbisagan (aRniSnavs 

“risame ramis zedapirze raRacis keTebas”), fsN elementi a-fsN “suli” 

arsebiTi saxelis fuZea, xolo iyos, xolo Cha marcvlis raoba 

bundovania da damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

a-yGNsra “daxamxameba” 

138

aSkaraa, rom termini Seicavs “cemis, dartymis” aRmniSvnel s Zirs, 

magram naTeli ar aris yGM segmentis raoba. 

A-фara “Wama” 

am martivfuZiani orpiriani gardamavali zmnis etimologia naTeli 

ar aris da damatebiT kvlevas moiTxovs. 

anMSGgGal… aHara uaWPup. “miwis beltebs Wam” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 

1997: 115). 

A-HatGrsaga cGEiJxGTaqGa rwakNra “saWmlis monelebis sistema” 

rTuli aRwerilobiTi terminia. misi pirveli komponentia sityva a- 

HatGrsaga “saWmlis monelebisa, saWmlis momnelebeli”. igi aseTi 

Sedgenilobisaa: a-HatG “saWmeli” + kauzativis r- prefiqsi + monelebis 

aRmniSvneli zmnis sa Ziri + moqmedebis iaraRis -ga sufiqsi. terminis 

meore komponenti cGeiJxGTaqGa “sxeulis nawilebi, organoebi” Sedgeba 

sxeulis aRmniSvneli kompozituri a-cGeiJ sityvis rTuli fuZisa da 

“nawili”-s mniSvnelobis mqone a-xGTa sityvis fuZisagan, romelsac 

darTuli aqvs sagnis gramatikuli klasis mravlobiTis mawarmoebeli -qGa 

sufiqsi); mesame komponentis dasawyisSi warmodgenili r- prefiqsi mesame 

piris mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoebelia, romelic win uZRvis a-wakNra 

“sistema” (zedmiwevniT: “qveS daWeriloba”) fuZes. 

a-HatGrsaga cGeiJxGTaqGa rwakNra “saWmlis monelebis sistema” 

(kviwinia, 1997: 99). 

a-HNLra “ynosva” 

warmoadgens a-HLN “suni” arsebiTi saxelis abstraqtul formas. 

a-HLNsra “ynosva” 

es kompozituri zmna Seicavs a-HLN “suni” arsebiTi saxelis fuZes, 

romelsac darTuli aqvs “cemis” aRmniSvneli a-s-ra zmnis s Ziri (Sdr. 

qarT. suni scems). 

a-CxGrA “Sardi” 

139

SesaZloa, xmabaZviTi saxeli iyos. 

waCxGrM warbara idMrueKt “visac sawolSi moSardva SeuZlia, icis, 

rogor gaaSros igi” (gulia, 1985: 148). 

A-cGa “Zili” (ars. sax.) 

martivi fuZea. 

acGa acGarTa eKlnaxuam “Zili sawols ar arCevs” (gulia, 1985: 126). 

a-cGanNrra “grZnoba; SegrZneba” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis termini, romelic Sedgeba a-cGA “kani” da a- 

nNrra “SegrZneba; zemoqmedeba, gavlena” fuZeebisagan. 

ui lMblaqGa cGanMrrak rxMlan. . . “mis (qalis) TvalebSi grZnoba 

Canda” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1987 - II: 330). 

cGa. 

A-cGara “daZineba” 

gamoiyofa zogadobis a- prefiqsi da masdaris -ra sufiqsi, Ziria 

cGa. 

a-cGarA “wova” 


a-cGarsNsra “Tvlema” 

gamoiyofa zogadobis a- prefiqsi da masdaris -ra sufiqsi, 

danarCen segmentTagan gamosayofia “Zilis” aRmniSvneli cGa Ziri, xolo 

rsNs marcvlis raoba bundovania. am zmnisagan momdinareobs saxeli a- 

cGarsNs “Zilisguda”. 

aLMjagM Kax˜tGaz KcGarsMruan “orive ijda da Tvlemda” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1987:331). 

a-cGNSP 

“fermkrTali” 

140

Tuli Sedgenilobis sityvaa, sadac a-cGa “kani” + SP elementi 

momdinareobs zedsarTav A-SPkGakGa-sagan “TeTri”. zedmiwevniT niSnavs 

“kanTeTrs”. 

a-ZbA “wyurvili” 

termini aSkarad Seicavs a-ZM “wyali” sityvis Z Tanxmovans, Tumca 

ba segmentis raoba cxadi ar aris. sityva gamoiyeneba myar SesityvebebSi: 

aZba dakit “moswyurda” (zedmiw.: “wyurvilma Seipyro”), aZba deKqGMnwGoKt 

“wyurvili klavs” (zedmiwevn.: “wyurvili spobs”). 

aZba deKqGMnwGoKt “Zalian swyuria” (wyurvilisgan kvdeba) 

eicnM iSPneiuaz dMrbeKt aZGM aZMrLaSP dawagMlanM aJGra daWPnM, dMrLeg˜ 

– aZba! aZba! hGa ahGhGara dSPaWPMz “erTad rom midiodnen, dainaxes, 

erTi adamiani wylis nakadis (CanCqeris) qveS idga, svamda da mainc – 

wyurvili! wyurvili! (mwyurias) gaiZaxoda. (afxazuri zRaprebi, 

1997:115). 

a-ZkaTGarA “Sardva” 

kompozituri Sedgenilobis terminia, sadac a-ZM “wyali” + a-kaTGara 

“gadasxma, daqceva, daRvra”, zedmiwevniT “wylis gadasxma, daqceva, 

daRvra”. evfemizmia. 

aZkaTGara acGeKJxGTaqGa “saSarde organoebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 127). 

iTakGaJG dicMmkGa… ZkaTGarag˜M dMzcomMzt “Tavis dedaberis gareSe 

..mosaSardadac ki ver midioda” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997: 168). 

a-ZkaTGAratG-fxaSarAtG cGEiJxGTaqGa rwakNra “Sard-sasqeso 

organoebis sistema” 

rTuli termini, warmodgenilia oTxi sityviT. pirveli sityvis “a- 

ZkaTGara” Sesaxeb ix. zemoT + kuTvnileba-daniSnulebis sufiqsi -tG, 

meore komponenti fxaSara zmnidan afxaSara “morideba, sircxvili” + 

sufiqsi -tG, mesame da meoTxe komponentebi : cGeiJxGTa “organo” + sagnis 

klasis mravlobiTis mawarmoebeli -qGa; r - mesame piris mravlobiTi 

ricxvis prefiqsi + awakNra “sistema”. zedmiwevniT “wylis gadamsxmelisasircxvilo 

sxeulis nawilebis sistema”. 

141

a-ZkaTGaratG-fxaSaratG cGeiJxGTaqGa SPoKt L-xGtaknM “Sard-sasqeso 

sistemis organoebi or jdufad iyofa” (kviwinia, 1997: 127). 

a-ZNSPa “wyurvili” 

am sityvaSic gamoiyofa wylis aRmniSvneli Z Tanxmovani, magram SPa 

segmentis raoba sarkvevia. tipuria gamonaTqvami: aZMSPa dakueKt “swyuria, 

wyurvili ipyrobs”. arsebobs amave mniSvnelobis masdari a-ZMSPa-ra 

(dZMSPoKt “swyuria”). 

ah ifha aZMSPa dakiT “mefis asuli wyurvilma Seawuxa” (Sayrili, 

kaslanZia, 1986 –I: 278). 

a-ZGarA “pirRebineba” 

sityva Seicavs zogadobis a- prefiqssa da masdaris -ra sufiqss, 

Ziria ZGa. SesaZlebelia, am ZirTan javSiri hqondes tap. ZGZGM||jGjGN 

“nerwyvi” (lomTaTiZe 1976: 165) sityvis reduplicirebul Zirs. 

axGMWM KKHaz zeg˜M KZGeKt “bavSvma rac Wama, yvelaferi amoaRebina” 

(Sayrili, kaslanZia, 1986 –I: 278). 

a-wI “Sardi” 

es sityvac evfemizmia da, Cveni azriT, Sedgeba a-wa “fskeri; qveS” 

sityvisagan miRebuli lokatiuri w- preverbisa da a-i-ra “dabadeba” zmnis 

i Zirisagan. zedmiwevniTi semantikaa “qveS dabadebuli, qveS gaCenili”. 

a-wGNara, abaz. WGNara “tirili” 


wGNua. p. Waraia varaudobda am fuZis kavSirs qarT. wux-il-i, wux-eb-a, 

megr. Wu-a “wva, tkivili” sityvebTan (Waraia 1912: 48), rac, Cveni azriT, 

dazustebas moiTxovs. 

vfiqrobT, qarTuli wux-il-i, wux-eb-a fuZeebTan am afxazuri 

sityvis dakavSireba problematuria, samagierod, ufro realuri unda 

iyos megruli Wu-a da qarTuli wv-a fuZeebis miCneva afxazur-abazuri 

terminis Sesatyvisad. 

aCara fSPZoup SGahGarala, afsra wGMuarala “qorwili lamazia 

simReriT, sikvdili – tiriliT” (gulia, 1985: 131). 

142

gMna xGMWM SMJaaxMs dwGueKt,izban? “ratom tiris patara gina dilidan 

moyolebuli?” (aJiba, 2004: 8). 

a-WPamyGarA “ReWva” 

rTuli Sedgenilobis sityva unda iyos, romelSic WPa marcvali a- 

WPM “piri” sityvis arqauli Ziria, xolo myGa segmenti xmabaZviTi Ziri 

Cans. 

a-WParhAsra “damTqnareba” 

am sityvaSic WPa marcvali a-WPM “piri” sityvis arqauli Ziria, misi 

momdevno r- Tanxmovani kauzativis prefiqsi Cans, xolo has segmentis 

raoba gasarkvevia. 

WPMrhasra WPkup “mTqnareba gadamdebia” (gulia, 1985: 171). 

a-WPNxara “gaRviZeba” 

am sityvaSi a-WPM “piri”, A-xara gardauvali zmna “gaWimva, moqaCva”. 

zedmiwevniT “piris gaWimva”.savaraudoa, rom termini Tavidan mTqnarebas 

aRniSnavda da mere Seicvala semantika. 

amra WPMxeKt, amSPg˜M WPMxeKt… “mzem gaiRviZa, dRemac gaiRviZa”. (aJiba, 

2004: 11). 

zmnisagan. 

A-xG “daWrili” 

umartivesi nazmnari saxelia. momdinareobs a-xG-ra “daWra” 

a-xGACPra “xrCoba, daxrCoba” 

gamoiyofa zogadobis a- prefiqsi da masdaris -ra sufiqsi. 

A-xGlaxara “gadacdena, gadacdoma” 

Seicavs “yelis, kisris” aRmniSvnel xGla fuZesa da zmnur xa Zirs. 

Sdr.: a-xGla-mSGa “sasule”. 

A-xGlaSGara “gadacdena, gadacdoma” 

143

Seicavs “yelis, kisris” aRmniSvnel xGla fuZesa da zmnur SGa Zirs. 

Sdr.: a-xGla-mSGa “sasule”. 

a-haq˜fsNq˜ra “qoSini, mZimed sunTqva” 

gamoiyofa zogadobis a- prefiqsi da masdaris -ra sufiqsi. 

haq˜fsNq˜ reduplicirebuli xmabaZviTi Ziria. 

A-hGsa irNx˜ua, A-hGsa Irbo, AmzatG `menstrualuri cikli” 

samive termini aRweriT-evfemisturia. pirveli termini zedmiwevniT 

niSnavs “rac qalebs emarTebaT”, meore “rasac qalebi aSroben”, mesame ki 

zusti analogia qarTuli Tviuri saxelisa. 

amrigad, fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli leqsikis analizi 

gviCvenebs, rom: 

1. terminTa umravlesoba zmnebia da naklebad dasturdeba 

saxeluri terminebi; 

2. zmnaTa didi nawili rTulfuZiania. maT sawarmoeblad 

gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva morfologiuri saSualebebi, upiratesad ki 

kompozicia da lokatiuri preverbebi; 

3. sauxerxulo semantikis gadmosacemad gamoiyeneba evfemizaciis 

xerxi; 

4. nasesxebi leqsika minimaluri raodenobiTaa warmodgenili. 

144

daskvna 

winamdebare naSromSi gaanalizebulia 350-ze meti afxazuri 

leqsikuri erTeuli, romlebic dakavSirebulia adamianis anatomiafiziologiasTan, 

daavadebebTan da maT mkurnalobasTan. 

mTeli am masalis analizi gvaZlevs saSualebas gamovitanoT 

Semdegi daskvnebi: 

1. anatomiur terminTa umravlesoba saxelebia, xolo 

fiziologiasTan dakavSirebul terminTa umravlesoba zmnebia da 

naklebad dasturdeba saxeluri terminebi; 

2. somatur saxelTa didi nawili kompozituri Sedgenilobisaa; 

fiziologiuri procesebis aRmniSvnel zmnaTa da fiziologiuri 

produqtebis amsaxvel saxelTa didi nawili rTulfuZiania. maT 

sawarmoeblad gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva morfologiuri saSualebebi, 

upiratesad ki kompozicia da lokatiuri preverbebi. 

daavadebaTa da samkurnalo saSualebaTa saxelwodebebis analizma 

gviCvena, rom aRniSnul qvedargSi Warbobs warmoqmnili da rTulfuZiani 

(kompozituri) terminebi, agreTve erTze metsityviani Sesityvebebi, 

martivfuZiani saxelebi ki SedarebiT naklebia. 

3. sauxerxulo semantikis gadmosacemad gamoiyeneba evfemizaciisa 

da tabuirebis xerxebi; 

4. anatomiasTan dakavSirebuli nasesxebi leqsika minimaluri 

raodenobiT aris warmodgenili; 

5. adamianis sxeulis nawilebis amsaxveli terminebis didi nawili 

frazeologizmebsa da mxatvrul teqstebSi dasturdeba; 

145

frazeologizmebsa da mxatvrul teqstebSi fiziologiasTan 

dakavSirebuli terminebi naklebad aris warmodgenili; 

6. frazeologiur erTeulTa didi nawili Sedgenilobisa da 

semantikis mxriv srulad, an nawilobriv emTxveva qarTul 

frazeologizmebs: igGM ceKt “SeeSinda” - “guli wauvida”; ilMmha iTasit 

“yuri mohkra” da a.S. 

7. fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli nasesxebi leqsika minimaluri 

raodenobiTaa warmodgenili. 

8. daavadebaTa da samkurnalo saSualebaTa martivfuZiani 

saxelwodebebis struqturaSi Sedis mxolod saxelTa zogadi formis 

mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsi da fuZe (Ziri). am models ganekuTvneba 

daavadebaTa Semdegi saxelwodebani: ablM “Tiaqari”, aKmhGa“xvela”, ayab 

“kameCis daavadeba” da a.S. 

amave jgufis warmoqmnil saxelebSi saxelTa zogadi formis 

mawarmoebeli a- prefiqsis garda warmodgenilia sityvaTmawarmoebeli 

(derivaciuli) afiqsebi: -tG(M), -ga, -LM, -ra, -xa, -da, -da-xa... maTgan yvelaze 

produqtiulia -ga, -ra sufiqsebi. 

-tG(M) sufiqss, rogorc sityvaTmawarmoebels, gamoyofs afxazuri 

enis TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari. q. lomTaTiZe wers, rom: “tG(M) afxazur 

enaSi aris kuTvnilebis afiqsi da ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba nazmnar 

saxelebSi, moqmedebis saxelTa sityvaTmawarmoebeli afiqsis saxiT” 

(lomTaTiZe 1945: 309). mkvlevari Tvlis, rom sufiqsi -tG(M) sityva 

“sakuTrebis, kuTvnilis; monis” aRmniSvneli a-tG(M) fuZisagan aris 

nawarmoebi (lomTaTiZe 1945: 309-312 ). 

sufiqs -tG(M)-s meSveobiT iwarmoeba nazmnari saxelebi, romlebic 

aRniSnaven qmedebis obieqts, daniSnulebis saganTa saxelebs, mag.: a-Za-tG 

“Sesawiri cxoveli”, a-kGMxSPa-tGM “sagani, romelsac avadmyofs Tavs 

Semoavleben”, a-TGhGa-tG “Sesaloci, gamosaloci”. 

samedicino terminebSi sufiqs -tG(M)-s meSveobiT nawarmoebi 

arsebiTi saxelebi iSviaTad gvxvdeba. esenia: a-x˜S-tGM “malamo”, 

zedmiwevniT “wasasmeli”, arMJG-tG 1. “sasmeli”, 2. “naxarSi, wveni”, axGSG-tG 

“samkurnalo, gansakurnavi”. ukanaskneli sityvisagan, Tavis mxriv, miiReba 

146

axali samedicino terminebi: masdari axGSG-tG-ra “mkurnaloba, gankurneba”, 

axGSG-tG-LM “mkurnali”, axGSG-tGM-ga “samkurnalo saSualeba, wamali”, 

axGSG-tGM-rTa “mkurnalobis adgili, saavadmyofo”, aZMlaxGSG-tGM-rTa 

“balneologiuri samkurnalo”. am axal formebSi gamoyenebulia masdaris 

mawarmebeli -ra, moqmedi sagnis aRmniSvneli -LM, moqmedebis iaraRis 

aRmniSvneli -ga da lokatiurobis -rTa sufiqsebi. 

sazogadod, afxazur warmoqmnil saxelebSi xSirad dasturdeba 

sufiqsi -ra, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze produqtiuli derivatia. amas 

aRniSnavs afxazuri enis TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari (q. lomTaTiZe, a. genko, 

k. Sayrili, a. xecia, T. gvancelaZe, n. maWavariani...), magram yvelaze 

srulad am sufiqsis funqciuri daxasiaTeba warmodgenili aqvs a. xecias, 

romelmac misi 10-mde sityvaTwarmoebiTi funqcia gamoyo (xecia 1988: 10-12). 

samedicino terminologiaSi igi upiratesad gamoiyeneba nasaxelar 

zmnaTa, an abstraqtul saxelTa sawarmoeblad: aKmhGa “xvela” (saxeli) _ 

aKmhGa-ra “daxveleba”, axeKlaga “suleli, giJi” _ axeKlaga-ra “gagiJeba”, 

agGay “mZime avadmyofi” _ agGay-ra “Zlier avad yofna, tanjva”, ahGMhGik 

“dambla” _ ahGMhGik-ra “damblis dacema, paralizeba”, aRã “Sexorcebuli 

iara” _ aRã-ra “Sexorceba”... 

afxazurSi sazogadod sufiqsi -ga erTvis zmnis fuZes da 

awarmoebs im iaraRis mniSvnelobis mqone arsebiT saxels, romlis 

meSveobiTac axorcieleben qmedebas, xolo samedicino terminologiaSi 

ki ZiriTadad samkurnalo saSualebas aRniSnavs. es sityvebi umeteswilad 

rTuli Sedgenilobisani arian, pirveli komponenti – saxelis fuZea, 

romelic migviTiTebs mkurnalobis obieqtze: afxZMlx-ga “oflmdeni 

saSualeba” _ afxZM “ofli” + alxra “gamoReba, gamotana”. aseTive 

modeliT nawarmoebi sityvebia: aSPourartGa-ga//aSPouraxCPM-ga “sicxis 

damwevi”, ayM-ga “Cirqgrovis gasaxsneli dana”, axMrfSPaa-ga “iaraRi, 

romliTac adamianis sxeulidan tyvia amoaqvT”, arMLSM-ga “narkozi, 

gamayuCebeli”, aSPouraSGM-ga “sicxis sazomi, Termometri”. 

afxazur enaSi sufiqsi -xa daerTvis saxelis fuZes da 

awarmoebs gardaqceviTobis semantikis mqone gardauval nasaxelar 

dinamikur zmnas. es sufiqsi dasturdeba zog samedicino terminSic da 

mas mosdevs xolme masdaris -ra sufiqsi: 

147

abzia-xa-ra “kargad gaxdoma”, aicGa-xa-ra “uaresad gaxdoma”, aiR˜-xara 

“momjobineba”, axaga-xa-ra “gagiJeba”, aKmgGadu-xa-ra “dafexmZimeba”, 

afsMlacGa-xa-ra “gasuqeba”, afseivwa-xa-ra “xrCoba, qoSini”, amsa-xa-ra 

“garqovaneba”, aWPaha-xa-ra “gaSeSeba”, afMrxaga-xa-ra “wyena, mowamlva, 

mavneoba”, alaSG-xa-ra “dabrmaveba”. 

afxazur enaSi sufiqsi -da gamoxatavs risame uqonlobas, 

romelsac SeiZleba mosdevdes masdaris/abstraqtulobis -ra sufiqsic: 

azLM-da-ra “janmrTeloba”, anu “senis arqona” (azLa “avadmyofoba, 

infeqciuri daavadeba”); axGSGM-da-ra “uwamloba, wamlis uqonloba”; agãmada-ra 

“gemos SegrZnebis uqonloba; umadoba”, axSPara-da-ra “unayofoba, 

uSviloba”. 

mocemuli modeli SeiZleba garTulebuli iyos uaryofiTi m 

nawilakiTac; a-m-cGa-da-ra “uZiloba”. zogjer uaryofis Sinaarsi 

gadmocemulia mxolod zmnis fuZeSi CarTuli m afiqsiTac: agGa-m-bziara 

“avadmyofoba”, ala-m-SGara “dauorsulebloba/uSviloba”. 

Tanamedrove afxazurSi neologizmebis mawarmoeblad erToblivad 

gvevlineba a-k-ra “daWera, Wera” zmnis k Ziri da kauzativis mawarmoebeli 

r- prefiqsi. xsenebuli derivatebis produqtiuloba Zalze maRalia 

samedicino terminologiaSic: 

derivati k: aap-k-ra “cofi; gacofeba”, afSPa-k-ra “revmatizmi”, 

acGMmzMm-k-ra “uZiloba”, agGawG-k-ra “filtvebis anTeba”, aWMrkGal-k-ra 

“krunCxva”. 

derivati rk: axGSGM-r-k-ra “wamliT gaJRenTva, mowamlva”, aSPhamM-rk-ra 

“wamliT gaJRenTva, mowamlva”. 

daavadebebisa da mkurnalobis aRmniSvnel afxazur samedicino 

terminebSi didi raodenobiT gvxvdeba rTulfuZiani sityvebi. maTi 

umravlesoba iwarmoeba kompoziciiT Semdegi modelis mixedviT: 

daavadebuli organos saxeli + sityvebi a-CMmazara “daavadeba”, an a-xãa 

“tkivili; seni”. 

terminebis komponentebi warmodgenilia metyvelebis Semdegi 

nawilebiT: arsebiTi saxeli + arsebiTi saxeli, arsebiTi saxeli + 

zedsarTavi saxeli, arsebiTi saxeli + zmnis fuZe. 

148

arsebiTi saxeli + arsebiTi saxeli modelis mixedviT agebuli 

mravali kompozituri terminis pirveli komponenti gamoxatulia 

daavadebuli organos aRmniSneli arsebiTi saxelebiT: amgGa “muceli”, 

auatala “jirkvali”, ala “Tvali”, alMmha “yuri”, axafMc “kbili”, az 

“naRvli”, abRa “zurgi”, abaL “Zvali”, aca “kuWi”, axGda “yeli”, agGM “guli”, 

acGa “kani”, agGawGa “RviZli”. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, daavadebis saxeobis 

konkretizacia xorcieldeba daavadebuli organos aRmniSvneli pirveli 

komponentiT. 

amgvar terminTa meore komponentad gvevlineba sityvebi axãa 

“tkivili”, anda aCMmazara “daavadeba”. 

organos dasaxeleba + axãa: amgGaxãa, auatalaxãa, acaxãa, alaxãa, 

alMmhaxãa, axafMcxãa, azxãa, abRaxãa da a.S. 

gvxvdeba zemoT CamoTvlili terminebis sxvagvari, gamartivebuli 

formac, roca axãa sityvis mxolod Tanxmovania darCenili: amgGax˜, 

auatalax˜, axMx˜. 

rac Seexeba cxovelebis daavadebebis saxelebs, maTSi pirvel 

komponentad gvevlineba ara daavadebuli organos saxeli, aramed Tavad 

cxovelis saxelwodeba: ahGarax˜ “Roris Wiri”. 

organos dasaxeleba + aCMmazara “daavadeba”: aW P MwaCMmazara “piris 

Rrus daavadeba”, aWaWaCMmazara “Tirkmlis daavadeba”, arMfhaCMmazara 

“filtvis daavadeba”, agGawGaCMmazara “RviZlis daavadeba”. am terminebis 

semantika migviTiTebs ara tkivilze, aramed daavadebaze. 

zmnuri komponentis Semcveli rTuli terminebi farTod 

gamoiyeneba afxazur enaSi. zmnuri komponentis struqtura 

araerTgvarovania. agreTve araerTgvarovania terminis komponentebs Soris 

urTierTobebi. es urTierTobebi gansazRvraven mTlianad rTuli terminis 

jamur mniSvnelobas. zmnis struqturidan gamomdinare gamovyofT rTuli 

terminebis Semdeg modelebs: 

a) saxeli + damoukidebeli, an damokidebuli realizaciis mqone 

zmna. ufro xSirad zmna masdaris formiTaa warmodgenili: 

abaL-fwGara “motexiloba” < a-baL “Zvali” + (a-)fwGara “motexa”; 

149

aWapan-kaSGara “Wipis amovardna” < a-Wapan “Wipi” + (a-)kaSGara “patara 

zomis raRacis amovardna”; 

ax˜Ta-lalara “gacieba” < a-x˜Ta “sicive” + (a-)lalara “raRacis 

SigniT Sesvla”; 

amgGa-xasra “dizenteria” < a-mgGa “muceli” + (a-)xasra “epidemiis, 

daavadebebis gavrceleba”... 

b) organos saxelwodeba + kauzatiuri mimReoba: 

axGda-r-CM “ybayura”; 

acGa-r-kWM “Cutyvavila”; 

acGa-r-fS P Za “yvavili”... 

g) zemoT xsenebul models hgavs konstruqcia, romlis 

meSveobiTac nawarmoebia termini arMx˜TSra “cieba, kankali”, magram zemoT 

moyvanili terminebisgan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom kauzaciis afiqsi aq sxva 

pozicias ikavebs: is dgas ara mimReobis, aramed mTeli rTuli fuZis 

dasawyisSi. es rTuli fuZis leqsikalizaciis Sedegia. 

d) organos dasaxeleba + zmna akra “daWera, dakaveba, Sepyroba”. 

mocemuli modeli aris yvelaze gavrcelebuli sityvaTsawarmoebeli 

modeli. Aam modelisTvis damaxasiaTebelia or variantad realizacia: 

kompozituri, rodesac zmna akra asrulebs saxelis ganuyofeli nawilis 

funqcias (mag.: acGMmzMm-k-ra “uZiloba”) da, meore, roca akra zmna 

daavadebis dasaxelebisas (nominaciisas) Sedis rTuli fuZis 

SemadgenlobaSi (mag.: a-x˜Ta-kra “gacieba, Secieba”), magram saTanado 

procesis klasovan-pirovani da drouli semantikis gamoxatvis 

aucileblobis dros igi gamodis zmnis fuZis Semadgenlobidan da 

iuRleba Cveulebriv (ax˜Ta sakit “me Semcivda”, zedmiwevniT “sicivem 

Semipyro”). 

e) kompozitebi da Sesityvebebi, romlebic Sedgebian arsebiTi 

saxelisa da xarisxobrivi zedsarTavi saxelisagan: 

alafSP-cGgã “gaTvalva” < alafSP “mzera” + (a-)cGgã “cudi”; 

aimhGa bzia “yivanaxvela” < aimhGa “xvela” + (a-)bzia “kargi”; 

aimhGa cGgã “Wleqi” (zedmiwevniT “cudi xvela”) < aimhGa “xvela” + 

(a)cGgã “cudi”. 

150

terminebis didi nawili termin-Sesityvebebia, anu isini Sedgeba 

erTmaneTTan sintaqsur kavSirSi Semavali erTze meti damoukidebeli 

sityvisagan (gamonaTqvamisagan). amgvari termin-Sesityvebebia: akãteK 

CMmazara WPkM baafsM “dizenteria” (zedmiwevniT “nawlavis Zalian cudi 

gadamdebi daavadeba”). aseTi SemTxvevebi metad iSviaTia. 

SedarebiT xSiria saxelebisagan Semdgari termin-Sesityvebebi, 

romelTa komponentebsac erTmaneTTan posesiuri urTierTobebi 

akavSirebT: 

ancGa rCMmazara “RmerTebis avadmyofoba” (zedmiwevniT “RmerTebis 

avadmyofoba” _ wiTelas tabuirebuli saxelwodeba). 

aq sityva ancGa “RmerTi” aRniSnavs RmerTebis krebuls, razec 

migviTiTebs saxelwodebis meore komponentSi mravlobiTi ricxvis mesame 

piris kuTvnilebis maCvenebeli r-. 

9. Cven mier gaanalizebuli rTulfuZiani sityvebis umravlesoba 

Zireul, sakuTriv afxazuri warmomavlobis leqsikas warmoadgens, rac 

imaze mianiSnebs, rom isini Seqmnilia afxazuri da abazuri enebis 

daSorebis Semdeg. 

10. martivfuZian Zireul terminTa didi nawili (gansakuTrebiT 

sxeulis nawilTa da fiziologiur procesTa saxelebi) imave, an odnav 

gansxvavebuli semantikiT dasturdeba abazur enaSi. am terminebs xSirad 

eZebneba materialuri paralelebi adiRur enebSi, ubixurSi, qarTvelur 

enebsa da naxur-daRestnur enebSi, rac maTi siZvelis ueWveli dasturia. 

151

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239с. 

74. mari, 1938 _ Марр. Н. О языке и истории абхазов. М.-Л., АН СССР, 436 c. 

75. mayaSvili, 1991 _ mayaSvili a. botanikuri leqsikoni: mcenareTa 

saxelwodebani. sastambod moamzada... g. naxucriSvilma; saq. mecn. akad., n. 

kecxovelis sax. botanikis in-ti. me-3 gamoc. aRdgenilia ofseturi wesiT. 

Tbilisi, mecniereba, 248 gv. 

76. maWavariani, 2006 – maWavariani n. “mcenareTa leqsika afxazurSi. 

semantikur-struqturuli analizi”. “qarTuli ena”, Tbilisi, 298 gv. 

77. muSinski, 1915 _ Мушинский Я.Я. Из абхазской народной медицины. 

Фармацевтический журнал, №№ 51-52. Петроград, 487-489 с. 

78. narTi sasriyva..., 2000 _ Yfh0 Cfchs7`tb 9isy8f;`b pt;`8sr bfhf bfimw`tb> 

F7`f> 344 fl. 

79. naWyebia, 2000 _ Начкебия С.М. Лингвистический анализ терминов, связанных с 

детскими болезнями. АБНИИ, XLIV итоговая научная сессия (25-28 апреля). Тезисы докладов. 

Сух. 20-22 с. 

80. naWyebia, 2001 _ Начкебия С.М. О некоторых терминах народной медицины в 

абхазском языке. Материалы международной научной конференции, посвященной 75-летию 

Абхазского института гуманитарных исследований им. Д.И. Гулиа АНА (28-31 мая) Сух, 2003. 

81. naWyebia, 2004 _ Начкебиа С.М. Табу и лечебная магия в народной педиатрии абхазов. 

АбИГИ, XLVIII итоговая научная сессия (11-13 мая). Тезисы докладов. Сух. 5-8 c. 

82. naWyebia, 2009 - Начкебиа С.М. «Лексика народной медицины в абхазском языке», 

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83. pantiuxovi, 1899 _ Пантюхов И.И. О народном врачевании в Закавказском крае. 

Мед.сборник Императорского Кавказ. мед. об-ва. Тифлис, №62. 

157

84. rogava, 1955 _ rogava g. bgeraTSesatyvisobis sakiTxisTvis afxazuradiRur 

enebSi (adiRur enaTA SiSina sbilantebis monacemebis mixedviT) ike, 

XVIII, 1973, gv. 303-312 

85. rogava, keraSeva, 1966 _ Рогава Г.В.,Керашева З.И. Грамматика адыгейского языка. 

Краснодар-Майкоп, 463 с. 

86. rogava, 1975 _ rogava g. organuli kuTvnilebis saxelebi afxazuradiRur 

enebSi, ike weliwdeuli, II, 1975, gv. 47-57 

87. rogava, 1980 _ rogava g. dinamikurobis -uaˆ sufiqsis gadmonaSTebi 

ubixuri enis zmnaTa Ziriseul masalaSi. ike weliwdeuli, t. VII, Tbilisi, gv. 

107-114 

88. rogava, 1985 _ rogava g. konsonantizmis sistemis sirTulisa da 

vokalizmis sistemi simartivis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi afxazur-adiRur 

enebSi. ike-weliwdeuli, XII, 182-186 gv. 

89. sabinecki, 1910 _ Сабинецкий В.В. Болезни домашних птиц и их лечение. Тифлис, 

Издание Управления Кавказского учебного округаю Перевод на абхазский Д.Гулия, 53с. 

90. sulxan-saba, …leqsikoni qarTuli. t. I, t. II. Tbilisi, 1991. 

91. seredini, sokolovi, 1978 _ Середин Р.М., Соколов С.Д. Лекарственные растения и 

их применение. Ставрополь, 275 с. 

92. serdiuCenko, 1949 _ Сердюченко Г.П.Словарные расхождения в диалектах 

абазинского языка. Языки Северного Кавказа и Дагестана. Сборник лингвистических 

исследований. Вып. 1-2. М.- Л., с. 5-38 

93. trubeckoi, 1987 _ Трубецкой Н.С. Избранные труды по филологии: Переводы / Сост. 

В.А. Виноградова и В.П. Нерознака / Под. ред. Т.В. Гамкрелидзе и др. М.: Прогресс, 1987. 559 

c. 

94. uslari, 1887 _ Услар П. К. Этнография Кавказа. Языкознание.Абхазский язык, 

Тифлис, XV с. + 193 с. + 120 с. (Переизд.: Сухум, 2002.) 

95. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, 1990 – qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi 

leqsikoni, a. Ciqobavas redaqtorobiT, t. II, 1276 gv. 

96. yifSiZe, 1914 _ Кипшидзе И. Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка. С 

хрестоматией и словарем. - СПб, Акад. наук, 424 с. 

97. Sablovski, 1886 _ Шабловский К.И. Медикаменты и способы лечения народных 

врачей Абхазии и Самурзакано. «Медицинский сборник» № 41 Кавказского Императорского 

медицинского общества, Тифлис, 67 c. 

158

98. Sagirovi, 1971 _ Шагиров А.К. Материалы и исследования для сравнительного 

словаря абхазо-адыгейских языков. Учёные записки Адыгейского НИИ. - Майкоп, т. XII, 174 

с. 

99. Sagirovi, 1977 _ Шагиров А.К. Этимологический словарь адыгских (черкесских) 

языков. Академия наук СССР. Институт языкознания. Издательство «Наука», Москва (в 2-х 

томах) 

100. Sagirovi, 1982 _ Шагиров А.К. Материальные и структрные общности лексики 

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101. Sagirovi, 1989 _ Шагиров А.К. Заимствованная лексика абхазо-адыгских языков. 

Москва, «Наука»,192 с. 

102. Sayrili, 1968 _ Шакрыл К.С. Некоторые лексические и звуковые соответствия в 

абхазо-адыгских языках. Сухуми,106с. 

103. Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 _ Imf7hsk R.C.> Rjy\mfhbf D.}. F9cef ,spi`f f;`fh. 

Fkfifhf> F7`f. 

104. Celebi, 1971 - evlia Celebis mogzaurobis wigni. nakveTi I. Turqulidan 

Targmna, komentarebi da gamokvleva daurTo giorgi fuTuriZem. Tbilisi 

105. Celebi, 1983 - Эвлия Челеби. Книга путешествия. Вып. 3 Земли Закавказья и 

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108. Ciqobava, 2008 _ Ciqobava a. Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi leqsikoni. 

Sromebi, t. IV, Tbilisi, 484 gv. 

109. CubinaSvili, 1887 _ Чубинов Д., Грузино-русский словарь, СПБ, 1887, 2 изд., Тб., 

1984, 1779c. 

110. Cursini, 1957 _ Чурсин Г.Ф. Материалы по этнографии Абхазии. Сухуми, 180 c. 

111. Cuxua, 2000-2003 _ Cuxua m. qarTvelur ena-kiloTa SedarebiTi leqsikoni. 

Tbilisi, 518 gv. 

112. Cuxua, 2008 _ Cuxua m. iberiul-iCqeriul enaTa SedarebiTi gramatika. 

Tbilisi, 2008, 760 gv. 

159

113. Waraia, 1888 _ Waraia p. afxazeTi da afxazebi (eTnografiuli 

aRweriloba). gazeTi “iveria", ## 165, 167, 173, 175, 176 

114. Waraia, 1912 _ Чарая П. Об отношении абхазского языка к яфетическим. С-Пб., 82 с. 

115. WiTanava, 2007 _ Читанава С.М. Этноботанический словарь, Сух., 135с. 

116. Wkadua, 2003 _ Чкадуа Л.П. Глагольное словообразование в абхазском языке, Сух., 

300c. 

117. xecia, 1999 _ Хеция А.Д. Из охотничьей лексики абхазов. Современные проблемы 

кавказского языкознания и фольклористики: Международная научная конференция. Тезисы 

докладов, Сухуми,126 с. 

118. xecia, 1988 _ Хеция А.Д. Неологизмы в абхазском языке. Тбилиси. 

119. xoWolava, 2001 _ xoWolava n. mcenareTa saxelwodebebi: motivaciidan 

etimologiisaken. respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesiis 

masalebi, XXI (baTumi 26-27.10.2001) 

120. janaSia, 1954 _ janaSia b. afxazur-qarTuli leqsikoni. Tbilisi, 474 gv. 

121. janaSia, 1917 _ Джанашия Н.С. Абхазский культ и быт // Христианский Восток. Т. V. 

Вып. 3. СПб., 156-208. 

122. janaSia, 1915 _ Джанашия Н.С. Религиозные верования абхазов. «Христианский 

Восток», т. IV, СПб 157 – 208 c. 

123. janaSia, 1960 _ Джанашия Н.С. Статьи по этнографии Абхазии. Сухуми, 218 с. 

124. hagba, 1997 _ Хагба Л.Р. Названия деревьев в абхазо-адыгских языках. Актуальные 

вопросы абхазско-адыгской филологии. Межвузовый сборник научных трудов. Карачаевск, 

КЧГПУ 192 c. 

informatorebi: 

agrba olRa raSides asuli (soxumis raioni sof. zemo eSera) Fuh-9]f Jkmuf 

Hfibl b9]f> F7`f fhfbjy f6. Tishf 

aviZba WimWa kubaris asuli (soxumis raioni, sof. zemo eSera) F8o-9]f Zsvzf 

R`,fh b9]f> F7`f fhfbjy f6. Tishf 

aviZba niusia kubaris asuli (soxumis raioni, sof. zemo eSera) F8o-9]f Ybecbf 

R`,fh b9]f> F7`f fhfbjy f6. Tishf 

Wanba merab (gudauTis raioni, sof. kaldaxvara) Vthf, Zfy,f> U`lj0f fhfbjy> f6. 

Rfklf[`fhf 

160

161

danarTi I 

gaanalizebul terminTa leqsikoni 

adamianis sxeulis nawilebi 

1. AaxafMc ff[f9sw “saReWi kbili” 

2. AaWMc ffzsw “sibrZnis kbili” 

3. ARãJGla uatalaqGa, akGaR˜qGa f/mf;`kf efnfkf6`f> fr`f/m0hf “saTesle jirkvlebi, Testis” 

4. ancGA aTAzaara fyw`f f0fpffhf “wminda vites daavadeba” 

5. ancGA CNmazara fyw`f xsvfpfhf “wiTela” 

6. A-baL, bz. A-bLa f,f8> ,p.f,8f “Zvali” 

7. A-baLlaSPa, bz. AbLalaSPM, AbLMlaSPM f,f8kfif> ,p. f,f8kfis> f,8skfis “Zvlis tvini” 

8. A-bRa, bz. A-bR f,/f> ,p. f,/ “zurgi” 

9. a-bz // A-bMz f,p//f,sp “ena” 

10. A-bla//A-la f,kf//fkf “Tvali” 

11. a-bjarxafMc f,\mfh[f9sw “eSvi” 

12. a- fum “qalis sasqeso organo, Vulva” 

13. a-gGawGA, bz. a-gGMwGN fu`fq`f> ,p. fu`sq`s “RviZli” 

14. a-gGN, fu`s “guli” 

161

15. a-gGMbJNnacGa fu`s,;msyfw`f “SuaTiTi” 

16. a-gGMfhGN, bz. a-gGahGfN fu`s9]`s> ,p. fu`f]`9s “qalis ZuZu” 

17. a-gGMSPflNmh, bz. a-gGMfSPlNmha fu`si9ksv]f> ,p.fu`s9iksv]f “maxvilisebri morCi” 

18. a-gGMSPfwaRAra, bz. a-gGMfSPwaRAra fu`si9qf/fhf> ,p. fùs9iqf/fhf “gulmkerdis qveda nawili” 

19. a-gGMSPfN fu`si9s “mkerdi” 

20. a-dA flf “ZarRvi” 

21. a-dASP flfi “myesi” 

22. a-dGax˜cArTa fl`f[mwfh0f “ukanali” 

23. a-vanNza fdfyspf “elenTa” 

24. A-vara fdfhf “gverdi” 

25. a-vawNs, bz. a-vakÑc fdfqsc> ,p. fdfrmsc “nekni” 

26. A-zTra fp0hf “naRvlis buSti” 

27. A-zqGa fp6`f ”zurgi” 

28. a-TaWkGNm f0fzr`sv “muSti” 

29. A-KahGa fbf]`f “swori nawlavi” 

30. aKLkaaga fb8rffuf “Zgide” 

31. a-kAn frfy “Worfli” 

32. a-kNka frsrf “ZuZu” 

33. a-kNkmacG frsrvfw` “dvrili” 

34. a-kNlwMw frskqsq “gadmokarkluli Tvali” 

35. a-kãtEK frmfntb “nawlavi” 

162

36. a-kãtEKpa frmfntbgf “wvrili nawlavi” 

37. a-kãtEKSGpa frmfntbi`gf “msxvili nawlavi” 

38. a-kãtEKlaSG frmfntbkfi` “brma nawlavi” 

39. A-kGabz fr`f,p “klitori, Clitoris” 

40. a-kGtAR˜Tra fr`nf/m0hf “sakvercxeebi, Ovarium” 

41. a-kGNsra fr`schf “sqesobrivi aqti, Coire” 

42. a-lagGN fkfu`s “Tvalis kakali” 

43. a-lakTA abJ., a-laqTA bzif. fkfr0f “Tvalis bude” 

44. a-lakNwa fkfrsqf “Tvalis upe, Tvalis are” 

45. A-lafMj fkf9s\m “wamwami” 

46. a-laxGNc fkf[`sw “wamwami” 

47. A-lax˜ fkf[m “Subli” 

48. A-lacGa//a-blacGa fkfw`f> f,kfw`f “quTuTo” 

49. A-ltGJGLa fkn`;`8f “laviwi, laviwis Zvali” 

50. a-lNmha fksv]f “yuri” 

51. a-lMmhabAgGa fksv]f,fu`f “yuris apki” 

52. a-mayWPahGAra fvf7=f]`fhf “weli” 

53. a-maxA abJ., a-maA bzif. fvf[f “xeli”; “barkali” 

54. a-maxASaxa abJ., a-maASaa bzif. fvf[fimf[f “kidurebi” 

55. a-maxGAr abJ., a-maGAr bzif. fvf[`fh “mklavi,xeli mtevnis gareSe” 

163

56. a-maxGWPA abJ., a-maGWPA bzif. fvf[`=f “xelis mtevani” 

57. A-mgGa fvu`f “muceli 

58. a-mMSxGNlw abJ., a-mMSGNlw bzif. fvsim[`skq “idayvi; gzis mosaxvevi” 

59. a-napN abJ., a-mapN bzif. fyfgs> ,p. fvfgs “xeli” 

60. a-napsMrgGNwa abJ., a-nargGNwa bzif. fyfgcshu`sqf> ,p.fyfhu`sqf “xelisguli” 

61. a-napxNc abJ., a-napxNs' bzif. fyfg[sw “xelis frCxili” 

62. A-nacGa/ A-macGa abJ., A-macGa bzif. fyfw`f> fvfw`f “TiTi” 

63. a-nacGkÑs fyfw`rmsc “xelis nekaTiTi” 

64. a-nacGxNf fyfw`[s9 “ceraTiTi (xelisa)” 

65. a-JN f;ms “xorci” 

66. A-JGtG abJ., a-tG bzif. f;`n`> ,p. fpn` “TeZo; barZayi” 

67. a-JGLaxNr abJ., a-aMr bzif. f;`8f[sh> ,p. fp8f[sh “mxari” 

68. a-JGLaSGAyã f;`8fi`f7mf “beWi” 

69. a-rgGwMsTa fhu`sqsc0f “safeTqeli” 

70. a-rfhA fh9]f “filtvi” 

71. a-rNmZTra abJ., a-mpMSPTa bzif. fhsvo0hf> ,p. fvgsi0f “naRvlis buSti” 

72. a-tGyGN fn`7`s “TeZo” 

73. a-abJNrZ fef,;msho “sazardulTan mdebare 

fexis zemo nawili” 

74. a-uatAla fefnfkf “jirkvali” 

164

75. A-aTGa fef0`f “barZayi, barkali 

(adamianisa da cxovelisa)” 

76. ahG fe]` “ukanali” 

77. a-fsNrZTa f9csho0f “yvelaze susti adgili sxeulze” 

78. A-fxaSara cGEჲJxGTaqGa f9[fimfhf w`tb;m[`0f6`f “sasqeso organoebi” 

79. a-fxZN f9[os “ofli” 

80. a-fMJGLabaL f9s;`8f,f8 “winamxris Zvali” 

81. a-fMlgdN f9skuls “barZayis Zvali” 

82. a-fNmawG f9svfq` “wvivi” 

83. a-fNnwa f9syqf “cxviri” 

84. a-fNnwakMlhM f9syqfrsk]s “cxviris nesto” 

85. a-fNnwagGaLra f9syqfu`f8f “cxviris Rru” 

86. a-qAda f6flf “gverdi” 

87. a-qÑSG // a-fNSG f9si`> f6msi` “bage, tuCi” 

88. a-RrA f/hf “muclis Rru” 

89. a-RN f/s “penisi, Penis” 

90. a-yAtara f7fnfhf “weli;xorcis uZvlo naWeri” 

91. a-yafcGM bzif. f7f9w`s ,p. “nikapi” 

92. a-yMryN f7sh7s “yeli” 

93. a-yGAyGa bJ., a-yGAyG bzif. f7`f7`f “zurgi” 

165

94. a-yGMryGMl f7`sh7`sk “mala” 

95. a-SA fimf “sisxli” 

96. a-SamxN abJ., a-SamN bzif. fimfv[s “muxli” 

97. a-SapN fimfgs “fexi” 

98. a-SapxNc abJ., a-SapxNs' bzif. fimfg[sw “fexis frCxili” 

99. a-SargGMcG, a-SapgGacG fimfhu`sw`> ,p. fimfgu`fw` “wvivi” 

100. a-Saxa fimf[f “fexi” 

101. a-SacGk˜Ms fimfw`rmsc “fexis TiTi” 

102. a-SaxGA fimf[`f “wvivi” 

103. a-SahGMrZNZ abJ.,. a-SaxGMrZ’AZ’ bzif. fimf]`shoso> ,p. fimf[`shofo “koWi” 

104. A-SxGa abJ., A-SG bzif. fim[`f> ,p. fim[` “qusli; terfi” 

105. A-ca fwf “kuWi” 

106. a-clMmhGA abJ., a-clamhGN bzif. fwksv]`f> ,p. fwkfv]`s “nikapi; yba; loya” 

107. a-cMxcGN fws[w`s “penisi, Penis” 

108. a-cGA fw`f “kani, tyavi; qerqi; naWuWi” 

109. a-cGEჲJ fw`tb;m “sxeuli, organizmi” 

110. a-cGEჲJxGTaqGa fw`tb;m[`0f6`f “sxeulis nawilebi” 

111. a-ZAmLa fofv8f “loya” 

112. a-ZRN abJ., a-Z’RM bzif. fo/s “loya; Rawvi” 

113. a-WapAn fzfgfy “Wiplari, Wipi” 

166

114. a-WAWa fzfzf “Tirkmeli” 

115. a-WPaZN f=fos “nerwyvi” 

116. a-WPN f=s “piri” 

117. a-WPNryãra f=sh7mfhf “didi piri” 

118. a-WPNwa abJ., a-WPAwa bzif. f=sqf “sasa” 

119. a-xagGTA abJ., a-agGTA bzif. f[fu`0f “Txemi” 

120. a-xaJGLabJP f[f;`8f,; “kefa” 

121. a-xafNc abJ.,. a-apNc bzif. f[f9sw> ,p. f[fgsw “kbili” 

122. A-chaga xafMc fw]fuf [f9sw “saWreli kbili” 

123. a-xafNcJM abJ., a-afNcJM bzif. f[f9sw;ms “RrZili” 

124. a-xASTax˜ abJ., a-ASTax˜ bzif. f[fim0f[m “kefa” 

125. a-xaWPsAxã abJ., a-aWPsAxã bzif. f[f=cf[mf “saxe, pirisaxe” 

126. a-xaWPN abJ., a-aWPN bzif. f[f=s “saxe, pirisaxe” 

127. a-xSPNL abJ., a-SPNL bzif. f[is8 “tvini” 

128. a-xSPNbaL // a-xNbaL abJ., f[is,f8 //f[s,f8 

a-SPlNbaL // a-SPNbaL bzif. f[iks,f8//f[is,f8 “Tavis tvini; Tavis qala” 

129. a-xN abJ., a-N bzif. f[s “Tavi” 

130. a-xNsmacGA // a-xNsga nacGA f[scvfw`f // f[scuf yfw`f “saCvenebeli TiTi” 

131. a-xGAmc f[`fvw “torsi” 

167

132. A-xGda abJ., a-Gda bzif. f[`lf “kiseri; yeli” 

133. A-xGdacGa abJ, A-GdacGa bzif. f[`lfw`f “kani kefaze” 

134. a-xAxGda abJ., a-AGda bzif. f[f[`lf “kefa” 

135. a-xGdajAl abJ., a-GdajAl bzif. f[`lf\mfk “kefa” 

136. a-xGdNrra f]`lshhf “xrtili” 

137. a-xGlamSGN // a-xGlamSGA f[`kfvi`s//f[`kfvi`f “xaxa” 

138. a-xGNcG f[`sw` “yeli” 

139. A-jMmS f\msvim “warbi” 

140. a-LNwra f8sqhf “iRlia” 

daavadebaTa saxelwodebani 

141. Aapkra ffgrhf “cofi” 

142. a-barbAc f,fh,fw “alergia, kanze gamonayari” 

143. a-baLkGAdara f,f86`flfhf “raqitizmi” 

144. a-baLfwGarA f,f89q`fhf “motexiloba” 

145. a-bzIa f,pbf “wiTela” 

146. a-blN f,ks “Tiaqari” 

147. A-bru//mNbru f,he//vs,he “saqonlis daavadeba” 

148. a-gGaangNlara fu`ffyuskfhf “guliscemis SeCereba; ariTmia”. 

168

149. a-bMlrA f,skhf “damwvroba” 

150. a-gGaxEÁwMwra fu`f[tbqsqhf “gulis gafarToeba (daav.)” 

151. a-gGawGNx˜, bzif. a-gGawGkra fu`fq`s[m> ,p.fu`fq`rhf “filtvebis anTeba” 

152. a-gGEKsra fu`tbchf “guliscema” 

153. a-gGxASPTra fu`[fi0hf “amnezia” 

154. a-gGNqGbMlra fu`s6`,skhf “kuWis wva” 

155. a-gGNCmazara fu`sxvfpfhf “gulis daavadeba” 

156. a-gGMwalara fu`sqfkfhf “1. gulis manki; 2. risame 

mZimed gancda, wuxili” 

157. a-dAgGa fkfu`f “yru” 

158. a-dOu bzif. flje “jilexi” 

159. a-dGax˜zNmcara fl`f[mpsvwfhf “Sekruloba” 

160. a-TalOu f0fkje “qolera” 

161. a-TAfTa f0f90f “Ciyvi; cximgrova” 

162. AKRrakra fb/hfrhf “Sekruloba” 

163. aKmhGa fbv]`f “xvela” 

164. aKmhGara fbv]`fhf “daxveleba” 

165. aKmhGA baAfs fbv]`f ,ff9c “Wleqi” 

166. aKmhGA bzIa fbv]`f ,pbf “yivanaxvela” 

167. a-kanwMwNra frfyqsqhf “meWeWi” 

169

168. a-katijar abJ. frfnb\mfh “durbeli, kisris 

jirkvlebis, limfuri 

kvanZis anTeba” 

169. a-kãtei CNmazara baafsN WPkN frmfntb xsvfpffhf ,ff9cs =rs “dizenteria” 

170. a-kÑba, a-TagG bzif. frms,f> ,p. f0fu` “kibo” 

171. a-larqGNqG abJ., a-kGMrwMk˜ bz. fkfh6`s6`> ,p.fr`shqsrm “jiblibo“ 

172. A-lafSP akra // a-lafSPkra fkf9i frhf> fkf9irhf “gaTvalva, Tvali” 

173. A-laSG fkfi` “brma” 

174. A-lafSP cGgÃ fkf9i wùmf “avi Tvali, gaTvalva” 

175. a-maasIl fvffcbk “buasili” 

176. a-maCarAba fvfxfhf,f “cxenis daavadeba” 

177. a-mgGaxAsra fvu`f[fchf “dizenteria” 

178. a-mSGAaZa abJ., a-mSGaaZM bz. fvi`ffof> ,p. fvi`ffos “osteomieliti” 

179. a-nTafsrA fy0f9chf “cudad gaxdoma” 

180. a-JamrA f;mfvhf “daavadeba, romlis 

simptomebia temperaturis momateba, umizezo tirili, rac CabJirebaSi gadadis da nevrozuloba” 

181. A-JGzLa f;`p8f “jilexi” 

182. a-rMx˜TSra abJ., a-x˜TMSra bz. fhs[m0imhf> ,p. f[m0simhf “cieba, cieb-cxeleba” 

183. a-safrAn fcf9hfy “wvrilfexa rqosani 

pirutyvis Wiri” 

184. a-safMrRAT fcf9sh/f0 “faRaraTi” 

170

185. sawarEl, a-nacGxMkGMrSPa bz. cfqfhtk> ,p. fyfw`[sr`shif “panariciumi, dudko, 

186. a-fsmAWra f9cvfzhf “gulis wasvla” 

187. a-fsxNxra f9c[s[hf “agonia” 

188. a-fshGNsTra f9c]`sc0hf “sirsveli” 

189. a-fsNlSGSGara f9cskfiì`fhf “gulis wasvla” 

190. a-fsNCP f9cs- “susti” 

191. a-fxTra f9[0hf “muni” 

192. a-fSra f9ihf “wiTeli qari” 

193. a-fSPakra f9ifrhf “revmatizmi, qari” 

194. a-fMnwaSara f9syqfimfhf “sisxldena cxviridan” 

195. a-fMnwaSGara f9syqfi`fhf “haimoriti” 

196. a-qãmsarLA f6mfvcfh8f “saqonlis kuWis daavadeba” 

197. a-yAb f7f, “kameCis daavadeba” 

198. A-SP fi “libri” 

199. a-SPMZ fiso “malaria” 

200. a-SadaKjara fimflfb\mfhf “angiospazmi” 

201. a-Sak˜tax˜ abJ., a-Saptax˜ bz. fimfrmnf[m> ,p. fimfgnf[m “Sakiki” 

202. a-SamxlArSG fimfv[kfhi` “bursiti” 

203. a-SAna abJ, a-nSan bz. fifyf> ,p. fyify “xali” 

204. a-cGarkWN fw`fhrzs “Cutyvavila” 

205. a-cGarnNByGa fw`fhys7`f “mTvareuli” 

171

206. a-wakra fqfrhf “datilianeba, pedikulozi” 

207. a-Walara fzfkfhf “anTeba” 

208. a-WapankaSGara fzfgfyrfi`fhf “Wipis amovardna” 

209. a-WPahadagGa f=f]flfu`f “yru-munji” 

210. a-WPahaWPAs f=f]f=fc “enablu” 

211. a-x˜Talalara // a-x˜Ta alalara f[m0fkfkfhf> f[m0f fkfkfhf “gacieba” 

212. a-xÃa f[mff “tkivili” 

213. a-x˜MuxÑura f[mse[msehf “Zlieri tkivilis SegrZneba” 

214. a-xGdarCM f[`lfhxs “ybayura” 

215. A-xGra f[`hf “iara” 

216. a-hGarax˜ f]`fhf[m “Roris Wiri” 

217. A-hcGa, a-cGarfSPZa bzif. f]w`f> ,p.fw`fh9iof “yvavili” 

218. a-hGMhGIk f]`s]`br “dambla” 

219. a-hGMhGIkra f]`f]`brhf “damblis dacema, paralizeba” 

samkurnalo saSualebebi 

220. a-bambA f,fv,f “bamba” 

221. a-barbAc AxGSG f,fh,fw f[ì` “Rvedkeci” 

172

222. a-bAjPaqGwa f,f\mf6`qf “mdogvis salbuni” 

223. a-blarkMga f,kfhrsuf “yayaCo” 

224. a-blN AxGSG f,ks f[ì` “rZiana” 

225. gMd ihaskÑn Usl b]fcrmsy “gidis balaxi” 

226. a-dAsga flfcuf “sisxlis gamosaSvebi dana” 

227. a-dAfa flf9f “dafna” _ megr. dafi; 

228. a-dOu AxGSG flje f[ì` “gulsisana” 

229. a-dGkAma fl`rfvf “gvirila” 

230. a-dGMkrNn fl`srhsy “ia” 

231. a-dGNpMrpMl fl`sgshgsk “walika” 

232. a-vanNzaxGSG fdfyspf[ì` “isli” 

233. a-zTkÑl fp0rmsk “Zirmwara” 

234. a-TAfTa axGSG f0f90f f[ì` “TeTrZira” 

235. aKwarfxã fbqfh9[mf “nayeni” 

236. a-kazNq axGSG frfps6 f[ì` “Rolo, mJauna” 

237. a-kanwNwraxGSG frfyqsqhf[ì` “meWeWa” 

238. a-kasNSP frfcsi “dolbandi” 

239. a-katijAr axGSG frfnb\mfh f[ì` “daTvimsxala” 

240. a-kawaxGNr frfqf[`sh “kowaxuri” 

241. a-k˜Mba axGSG frms,f f[ì` “saponela” 

173

242. A-lafSPwaSGara fkf9iqfi`fhf “halucinacia” 

243. A-maTabz fvf0f,p “matitela” 

244. A-maThask˜Mn fvf0]fcrmsy “meWeWa” 

245. a-malhAm fvfk]fv “malamo” 

246. a-maSNna/a-ZMnwAga fvfimsyf> fosyqfuf “oyna” 

247. A-mgGax˜ axGSG fvu`f[m f[ì` “veluri pitna” 

248. A-mSGlaha fvi`kf]f “Tameli” 

249. a-nacGxNkGMrSPa axGSG fyfw`[sr`shif f[ì` “gobiscxvira” 

250. Apap ihask˜Mn fgfg b]fcrmsy “mRvdlis balaxi” 

251. a-pincEt fgbywtn “pinceti” 

252. A-JGzLa axGSG f;`p8f f[ì` “Savwamala” 

253. a-rdNsga fhlscuf “saanesTezio saSualeba” 

254. a-rfxAga fh9[fuf “saTburi” 

255. a-rLaSNga fh8fimsuf “narkozi” 

256. a-sfIrT fcgbh0 “spiriti” 

257. A-sakasa fcfrfcf “sakace” 

258. a-sakãt/a-LMwra labaqGa fcfrmfn> f8sqhf kf,f6`f “yavarjeni” 

259. a-samyGMr // a-camyGMr fcfv7`sh> fwfv7`sh “samyura” 

174

260. A-fsaZ f9cfo “ormo, romelSic avadmyofs 

kurnavdnen”. Zvlebis daavadebebis mqone adamianebis gansakurneblad adamianis simaRlis ormos 

Txridnen. naZvis (afxazurad naZvi - afsaZ) totebisgan cecxls anTebdnen da ormos axurebdnen. Semdeg 

avadmyofs am ormoSi aTavsebdnen. 

261. A-fSraxGSG f9ihf[ì` “oSoSa”, “TavSava” 

262. fMnwAWaa rMxGSG (syqfzff hs[ì` “finwaWebis (finwaWa 

gvaria) wamali” 

263. a-qGMc f6`sw “kuneli” 

264. RNba IxGSG ?s,f b[ì` “Ribas wamali” 

265. a-yNga f7suf “Cirqgrovis gasaWreli 

dana” 

266. a-yGMlmiTa//a-yGalmiTa//a-yGalminTa f7`skvb0f> f7`fkvb0f>f7`fkvby0f “pitna” 

267. a-SaptAx˜ axGSG fimfgnf[m f[ì` “pirwminda” 

268. a-SarbAT fimfh,f0 “gaciebis wamali” 

269. SmAH IxGSG Imvfa b[ì` “Smafis wamali” 

270. A-Sxaraj fim[fhf\m “TeTrZira” 

271. a-SPOuraSGaga fijehfi`fuf “Termometri” 

272. a-SPNZ axGSG fiso f[ì` “asisTava” 

273. A-jmarMxGSG f\mvfhs[ì` “xarisCliqa” 

274. a-ZaZarbAga fofofh,fuf “krazana” 

175

275. AZLa fo8f “xsnari” 

276. wNkG IxGSG Qsr` b[ì` “wikvis wamali” 

277. a-WAWaxGSG fzfzf[ì` “xbosSubla, xarisSubla” 

278. a-WPahGAga f=f]`fuf “gadasaxvevi masala” 

279. A-xrajPMSP f[hf\si “angeloza” 

280. a-xGrabRÑc // a-xGMrbR˜Mc f[`hf,/msw> f[`sh,/msw “mravalZarRva” 

281. a-xGMWkNdSGara axGSG f[`szrsli`fhf f[ì` “mWada” 

282. A-xãraj f[mfhf\m “jagrcxila” 

283. a-xGSGwGN f[ì`q`s “drenaJi” 

284. a-xãaxCPMga f[mff[-suf “tkivilgamayuCebeli” 

285. a-xNrfSPaaga f[sh9iffuf “sxeulidan tyviis 

amosaRebi iaraRi” 

286. a-jamfAz f\mfv9fp “Wiafera” 

287. a-HLNga fa8suf “oSoSa” 

fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika 

288. a-bzxMqGcGAJGara f,p[s6`w`f;`fhf “Clifini” 

289. A-blaam f,kffv “balRami” 

176

290. A-blaamZ f,kffvo “naRveliT pirRebineba” 

291. a-bRAJG f,/f;` “fufxi iaraze” 

292. a-gÃma fumfvf “gemo; mada” 

293. a-gGabzÁ’ara fu`f,pbfhf “janmrTeloba” 

294. a-gGafxaCara fu`f9[fxfhf “mada” 

295. a-gGAnq˜bJM fu`fy6m,;ms “kvnesa” 

296. a-gGEKsbJM M fu`tbc,;ms “guliscema, gulisZgera” 

297. a-gGEKsra fu`tbchf “guliscema” 

298. a-gGNTyãra fu`s07mfhf “SiSi; foriaqi” 

299. a-gGNxMnhGra fu`s[sy]`hf “gulisreva” 

300. a-dAgGa flfu`f “yru” 

301. a-dMqdNqra fls6ls6hf “xSiri guliscema, bagabugi” 

302. a-dGax˜carA fl`f[mwfhf “defekacia” 

303. a-dGnNcara fl`yswfhf “fekalia” 

304. a-z fp “naRveli” 

305. a-TGA f0`f “Cirqi” 

306. AKcGk˜Msra fbfw`rmschf “slokini” 

307. AKmakWra fbvfrzshf ”daWknoba (kanisa)” 

308. AKmsara fbvcfhf “dacemineba” 

309. AKmhGa fbv]`f “xvela” 

310. AKmhGara fbvcfhf “xvela” 

177

311. AKsra fbchf “cema, Zgera (gulisa)”, 

“Zlieri sunTqva” 

312. a-krNHara frhsafhf “Wama” 

313. A-lafSPwaSGara fkf9iqfi`fhf “halucinacia” 

314. A-laSGara fkfi`fhf “Casaxva” 

315. A-laRMrZ fkf/sho “cremli” 

316. a-lacGyGNsra fkfw`7`schf “uneblie daxamxameba” 

317. a-lacGkGab, a-cGkGMmJMr//a-CkGMmJGMr bz.fkfw`r`f,> ,p. fw`r`sv;msh> fxr`sv;msh “Tvalis Cirqovani 

daavadeba” 

318. A-lbaadara fk,fflfhf “ylapva, Caylapva” 

319. A-mla fvkf “SimSili” 

320. A-mlaSra fvkfimhf “SimSili” 

321. A-mcGadara fvw`flfhf “uZiloba” 

322. A-JPahGara, a-JPahGarA bz. f;`f]`fhf “coxna” 

323. a-JAmkra f;mfvrhf “Wknoba, gaxdoma” 

324. A-Jkra f;mrhf “gasuqeba, momateba” 

325. A-JGra f;`hf “daleva” 

326. a-rsarA fhcfhf “moneleba” 

327. a-rNmZ fhsvo “Sardi” 

328. a-fsTAzaara f9c0fpffhf “cxovreba; sicocxle” 

329. a-fsNf f9cs9 “amounT. da CasunT. haeri” 

178

330. a-fxNZ f9[so “sizmari” 

331. a-fxZN f9[os “ofli” 

332. a-fNnway˜ f9syqf7m “wvintli” 

333. a-фara fafhf “Wama” 

334. a-HatGrsaga cGeiJxGTaqGa rwakNra fafn`hcfuf fw`tb;m[`0f6`f hqfrshf “saWmlis monelebis sistema” 

335. a-HNLra fas8hf “ynosva” 

336. a-HLNsra fa8schf “ynosva” 

337. a-qGMfsNChara f6`s9csx]fhf “xvneSa, oxvra” 

338. a-yGNsra f7`schf “daxamxameba” 

339. a-CxGrA fx[`hf “Sardi” 

340. A-cGa fw`f “Zili” 

341. a-cGanNrra fw`fyshhf “grZnoba; SegrZneba” 

342. A-cGara fw`fhf “daZineba” 

343. a-cGarA fw`fhf “wova” 

344. a-cGarsNsra fw`fhcshf “Tvlema” 

345. a-cGNSP f9csi “fermkrTali” 

346. a-ZbA fo,f “wyurvili” 

347. a-ZkaTGara forf0`fhf “Sardva” 

348. a-ZkaTGaratG-fxaSaratG forf0`fhfn` 9[fimfhfn` 

cGeiJxGTaqGa rwakMra w`tb;m[`0f6`f hqfrshf “Sard-sasqeso organoebis 

sistema” 

179

349. a-ZNSPa fosi`f “wyurvili” 

350. a-ZGarA fo`fhf “pirRebineba” 

351. a-wI fqb “Sardi” 

352. a-wGNuara fq`sefhf “tirili” 

353. a-WPamyGarA f=fv7`fhf “ReWva” 

354. a-WParhAsra f=fh]fchf “damTqnareba” 

355. a-WPNxara f=s[fhf “gaRviZeba” 

356. A-xG f[` “daWrili” 

357. a-xGACPra f[`f-hf “xrCoba, daxrCoba” 

358. A-xGlaxara f[`kf[fhf “gadacdena, gadacdoma” 

359. A-xGlaSGara f[`kfi`fhf “gdacdena, gadacdoma” 

360. a-haq˜fsNq˜ra f]f6m9cs6mhf “qoSini, mZimed sunTqva” 

361. A-hGsa irMx˜ua, a-hGsa irbo, amzatG f]`cf bhs[mef> f]`cf bh,j> fvpfn` `menstrualuri cikli” 

180

danarTi II 

sailustracio masala 

(andazebi, mxatvruli teqstebidan amowerili winadadebebi ) 

Tavi I 

adamianis sxeulis nawilebTan dakavSirebuli 

sailustracio masala 

AaWMc “sibrZnis kbili” 

aa-xafMcqGa rwMxGAWP igMlou axafMc iax˜Zup aaWMc “saReWi kbilebis 

boloSi mdgar kbils sibrZnis kbili hqvia”. (kviwinia, 1997: 105) 

aa-xafMc “saReWi kbili” 

aa-xafMc xGMWqGa “patara saReWi kbiliebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 106) 

A-baL, bzif. A-bLa “Zvali” 

haKt, akamMrSPSPa eifSP uaha baL ulaZami “hait, lokokinasaviT meti 

Zvali ar gaqvs” (narTebi…, 2000: 27) 

abaL ax˜fwGou eifMzSua “Zalian Wkviani adamiani; yvelasTvis cnobili, 

pativsacemi adamiani; xelmarjve adamiani“ (zedmiwevniT: “vinc 

erTmaneTs argebs gadatexil Zvlebs” (kaslanZia, 1995: 18) 

ui abaL alam “amis gakeTeba martivia, iolia” (kaslanZia, 1995: 18), 

zedmiwevniT: “amas Zvali ara aqvs, Zvali ar urevia”. 

ibaL icGMlasup “is (kaci) Zalian swrafia, xelmarjvea” (kaslanZia, 

1995: 18), zedmiwevniT: “misTvis Tavisi Zvali msubuqia, mas Zvali 

emsubuqeba” 

lMbaL ltGMm “is (qali) fexmZimed aris” (kaslanZia, 1995: 18), 

zedmiwevniT: “mas (qals) Tavisi Zvali ar ekuTvnis”. 

ibaL icGa TafsoKt “Tavs Zalian uxerxulad grZnobs” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

18), zedmiwevniT: “misi Zvlebi mis kanSi iyreba, mis kanSi cviva”. 

A-bRa, bzif. A-bR “zurgi” 

181

ibRa fwGoup. ზarmacia, muSaoba ar uyvars (kaslanZia, 1995: 19) 

ibRa fwGanM dMyoup. Cadenilis gamo Zalian rcxvenia. (kaslanZia, 1995: 

19) 

ibRa RGRGoup. zarmacia, muSaoba ar uyvars. (kaslanZia, 1995: 19) 

abRa iauKt. daexmarnen, daxmareba miiRo. (kaslanZia, 1995: 20) 

ibRa ak kMdgMloup. raRac usoamovneba elis, winaTgrZnoba aqvs. 

(kaslanZia, 1995: 20) 

a-bz // A-bMz “ena” 

ibz duup “ybedia” (kaslanZia, 1995: 21), zedmiwevniT: “didi ena aqvs”. 

ubz TakM “zedmets nu laparakob” (kaslanZia, 1995: 21), zedmiwevniT: 

“Seni ena Sig [pirSi] Cakete”. 

ubz sMloumwan “nu miSli, Wkuas nu maswavli” (kaslanZia, 1995: 21), 

zedmiwevniT: “Sens enas nu mirev, CemSi nu urev”. 

ibz aTra TMwit “bilwsityvaobs; bevrs laparakobs” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

21), zedmiwevniT: “misi ena budidan gamovida”. 

abjarxafMc “eSvi” 

abjarxafMcqGa L-cMrak “ori cali eSv-i(-ebi)” (kviwinia, 1997: 105) 

a-gGawGA abJ., a-gGMwGN bzif. “RviZli” 

igGawGa JGpoup “Wkuanaklulia, briyvia” (kaslanZia, 1995: 27), 

zedmiwevniT: “sqeli RviZli aqvs”. 

sgGawGa Tixit “SemaRona, bevri usiamovneba momayena” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

27), zedmiwevniT: “RviZli amomiRo”. 

a-gGN “guli” 

saTanei gGaSa lgGM rTMnCnM dnaxMnhGit aLnMya “saTanei guaSa dawynarda 

(guli daiwynara) da saxlSi dabrunda” (narTebi.., 2000: 23) 

igGN xtIt “mada mouvida”, zedmiw.: “guli moexada”. 

igGN kAhaKt “imedi dakarga”, zedmiw.: “guli waeqca”. 

182

igGN ixASPTit “Tavisi ubedureba cotaoden daaviwyda, 

tkivili/sawuxari daiama”, zedmiw.: “Tavisi guli daiviwya”. 

sgGN yaKwEKt “damawynara, gamamxneva”, zedmiw.: “guli gamikeTa”. 

igGN eKyarAm “Tavs kargad ar grZnobs, sisustes grZnobs”, zedmiw.: 

“misi guli misi toli ar aris”. 

igGN LbaxEKt “eWvi Seepara, Seyoymanda”, zedmiw.: “misi guli gaorda”. 

sgGM awGMmR aloup “raRac ar masvenebs, cudi grZnoba maqvs”, zedmiw.: 

“gulSi lursmani maqvs”. 

igGM ceKt “SeeSinda”, zedmiw.: “guli wauvida”. 

igGM bMlueKt “keTili, Sembralebelia”, zedmiw.: “misi guli iwvis”. 

ui agGM sMmam “misi Tavi ara maqvs, misTvis ar mcalia”, zedmiw.: “misi 

guli ara maqvs”. 

igGM iaRoup “feTqebadi, mZime xasiaTi aqvs”, zedmiw.: “misi guli 

mteria”. 

igGM iCPanup “frTxilia”. 

igGM maWxeKt “avad gaxda; guli wauvida” (kaslanZia, 1995: 29-41), 

zedmiw.: “misi guli dacotavda”. 

a-gGMbJNnacGa “SuaTiTi” 

agGMbJMnacGa iaxaz amacGaz 

(narTebi, 2000: 81) 

“beWedi, romelic SuaTiTze ekeTa” 

a-gGMfhGN abJ., a-gGahGfN bzif. “qalis ZuZu” 

fhGMsk afSPqa lgGMfhGM neiWPalkIt, axa ilzMmChaKt “erT-erTma qalma 

bavSvs ZuZu pirSi Caudo, magram ver moiTmina” (narTebi, 2000: 24) 

ahMK – laaK iraTGou, hGMzba mMrkM, eKSGaqGMmwa (afhGMs lgGMhGfM) 

“batonsac sWirdeba da monasac, magram arc daniT iWreba da arc 

sufraze ideba” (gamocanis pasuxia: qalis mkerdi) (gulia, 1985: 189) 

a-gGMSPflNmha abJ. , a-gGMfSPlNmha bzif. “maxvilisebri morCi” 

agGMfSPlMmha agGMSPfMbaL axGTaqGa zegM ireKwoup “maxvilisebri morCi 

gulmkerdis Zvlis yvelaze patara nawilia” (kviwinia, 1997: 27). 

183

a-gGMSPfN “mkerdi” 

fhGMsk lgGMSPfM neiWPalkKt, axa ilzMmMChaKt “erTma qalma Tavisi 

mkerdi Caudo pirSi, magram ver moiTmina” (narTebi.., 2000: 24). 

a-dA “ZarRvi” 

aSa icaSPa ada ialagMlom “gamosaSvebi sisxli ZarRvebSi ar Cerdeba” 

(gulia, 1985: 145). 

a-dASP “myesi” 

aSxGa adaSP “quslis (aqilevsis) myesi” (kviwinia, 1997: 95). 

a-vanNza “elenTa” 

lagGi-lacGeK rMbJara avanMza charaJGhGara auan “gugasa da quTuTos 

Soris elenTa Suamavlobda” (agrba olRa – z.eSera). 

A-vara “gverdi” 

sMvara sMx˜ueKt “gverdi mtkiva”. 

a-vawNs abJ., a-vakÑc bzif. “nekni” 

ivawaraqGa idMrfxãZeKt “neknebi dauTvales, scemes” (kaslanZia, 1995: 

25). 

a-zTra “naRvlis buSti” 

azTra az zTMmwua ayalara iSGarTou CMmazaroup “naRvlis buStSi 

naRvlis Sekaveba saSiSi daavadebaa” (kviwinia, 1997: 119). 

a-zqGaQ”zurgi” 

CPadaSP zqGMSP “TeTri viri TeTri zurgiT” (gulia, 1985: 190). 

izqGa ikMdMrCCaloKt “mis zurgs ukan dascinian” (kaslanZia, 1995: 48). 

a-TaWkGNm “muSti” 

ianakMm TaWkGMm “rodesac ar aris saWiro, muStia”. 

A-KahGa “swori nawlavi” 

184

KahGa iWPixit “rac Wama, araferi Seergo (aRebina)”, zedmiw.: “swori 

nawlavi gamoiRo” (kaslanZia, 1995: 83). 

aKLkaaga “Zgide” 

afMnwa agGaLara eKLSPoup abaLtG aiLkaaga “cxviris Rru gayofilia 

Zvlovani ZgidiT” (kviwinia, 1997: 43) 

a-kAn “Worfli” 

axGMWM ixaWPM zegM akan iaganM iyan “bavSvis saxe mTlianad WorfliT 

iyo dafaruli” (Sayrili, 1986: 296). 

a-kNka “ZuZu” 

asabi danwGualak aup ian akMka aniWPalkua “rodesac Cvili tiris, deda 

maSin aZlevs ZuZus”. 

fSLM-eiScGa jarak eicTaxMsueKt (aJG akMka) “oTxi Zma erT adgilas 

isvris” (gamocanis pasuxi: Zroxis jiqani, ZuZu) (gulia, 1985: 189). 

a-kNkmacG “dvrili” 

acGa Kalou akMkmacGaqGa rWPM “kanSi arsebul dvrilebSi...” (kviwinia, 

1997: 169). 

a-kNlwMw “gadmokarkluli Tvali” 

abla kMlwMw “gadmokarkluli Tvalebi” (Sayrili, 1986: 327). 

a-kãtEK “nawlavi” 

ikãteK bMlx˜eKt “mZime danakargi, ubedureba ganicada” (ityvian 

Svilis dakargvis dros) (kaslanZia, 1995: 51)., zedmiw.: “misi nawlavi 

ukve daiwva”. 

a-kãtEKpa “wvrili nawlavi” 

akãteKpa Kamoup L-xGTak... M”wvrili nawlavi ori nawilisgan Sedgeba.” 

(kviwinia, 1997: 112). 

a-kãtEKSGpa “msxvili nawlavi” 

185

akãteKSGpa xM-xGTak rMla iSaqGgMloupM”msxvili nawlavi sami 

nawilisgan Sedgeba” (kviwinia, 1997: 114). 

a-lagGN “Tvalis kakali” 

alagGM cqã akGMmpMl aHorma amoup “Tvalis kakals mrgvali forma 


a-lakTA abJ., a-laqTA bzif. “Tvalis bude” 

patMxG [leuarsa] ilakTa danMnTafSP, dax˜gMlaz dneKluua 

dceKtM”patuxma levarsas Sig TvalebSi rom Caxeda, iqve Caikeca” 

(Sayrili, 1986: 403). 

a-lakNwa “Tvalis upe, Tvalis are” 

sMla iaakGMrSPanM slakMwa sMx˜ueKt “Tvalebis garSemo are mtkiva” 

(Sayrili, 1986: 404). 

A-lax˜ “Subli” 

ilax˜ uafSPnM ikGac-xGM SPa “mis Subls Sexede da misi wili xorci 

gayavi”. 

A-lacGa//a-blacGa “quTuTo” 

rafxã ilacGa ax˜xitMz “dabadebis adgili, adgili, sadac gaCnda”, 

zedmiw.: “sadac pirvelad QquTuTo gaaxila” (kaslanZia, 1995: 58). 

ablagGMK ablacGeK rMbJara avanMza charaJGhGauan “Tvalis gugasa da 

quTuTos Soris elenTa Suamavlobda” (gulia, 1985: 165). 

A-ltGMJGLa “laviwi, laviwis Zvali” 

altGJGLa zMfwGara mariou abaLqGa ireKuoup 

mtvrevadi ZvalTagania” (kviwinia, 1997: 48). 

”laviwi advilad 

a-lNmha “yuri” 

ilMmha iTasit “yuri mohkra,SemTxveviT gaigo”. 

186

slMmha wixit “Tavi momabezra Tavisi xmamaRali saubrebiT” (yurebi 

waiRo). 

ilMmha acGa TartGoup “yrua, araferi esmis” (kaslanZia, 1995: 59-60). 

a-lMmhabAgGa “yuris apki” 

alMmhabagGa fJGar udagGaxoKt “Tu yuris apki gagexa – dayruvdebi” 

(Sayrili, 1986: 422). 

a-mayWPahGAra “weli” 

amayGWPahGara axGTa “welis nawili” (kviwinia, 1997: 23). 

a-maxA abJ., a-maA bzif. “xeli”, “barkali” 

kGMbrMk amaxa aa-lak irzMrHom “erTi koRos barkali rva ZaRlma ver 

SeWama” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997: 177) 

a-maxASaxa abJ., a-maxa ASaxa bzif. “kidurebi” (Sdr. aSxar. maÃG-SaÃGqGa “xelfexi, 

kidurebi”) 

uK imaxaSaxa ixGom, dMCmazaLup “xel-fexs ver xmarobs, avad aris” 

(Sayrili, 1986: 434), zedmiw.: “kidurebi ver Svelis”. 

a-maxGAr abJ., a-maGAr bzif. “mklavi, xeli mtevnis gareSe” 

ui daaiuan lMlasaxa lmaxGar iakGMrSPanM 

matylSemoxveuli” (narTebi, 2000: 171). 

“modioda mklavze 

A-mgGa “muceli 

Ras iumou umgGoup “Seni mteri Seni mucelia”. 

mgGa mMcGakGan xM zMcGom “Tu mucels ar sZinavs, Tavi ver daiZinebs”. 

a-mMSxGNlw abJ., a-mMSGNlw bzif. “idayvi; gzis mosaxvevi” 

amMSxGMlw axGAmc x-wkarak amoup ”idayvs [idayvis sxeuls] sami kide 


187

a-napN abJ., a-mapN bzif. “xeli” 

ui iarRã napM JahGas imoup, iarma napM rMTGas imoup “Tavisi marjvena 

xeli urod aqvs, marcxena xeli - maSad” (narTebi, 2000: 18). 

lnapM Mrg˜eJua dnMrfMlan “xelebis trialiT Seegeba” (narTebi.., 2000: 

10). 

inapM ax˜M afssoKt “Tavisi saqmis ostatia”, zedmiw.: “xelebidan oqro 

scviva”. 

snapM saHoKt “vinmes cema minda”, zedmiw.: “xelebi mefxaneba”. 

lnapM danfSPMloup “finansurad masze (qalze) aris damokidebuli”, 

zedmiw.: “xelebze dahyurebs”. 

a-napsMrgGNwa abJ., a-nargGNwa bzif. “xelisguli” 

uK inapsMrgGMwa amsaqGa Mwoup “mis xelisgulze korZebia” (Sayrili, 

1986: 471). 

a-nafxNc abJ., a-nafxNs' bzif. “xelis frCxili” 

nafxMck iayaram “pawawinaa, frCxilis odena ar aris”. 

Ji nafxMci eKyGMzxada? “xorci da frCxili vin daaSora erTmaneTs?” 

(gulia, 1985: 172). 

A-nacGa // A-macGa abJ., A-macGa bzif. “TiTi” 

unacGa ZaaukMlar ixnawGoKt “wyali Zalian civia, TiTebs Tu wyalSi 

Cayof, mogwyvets” (kaslanZia, 1995: 67). 

a-nacGkÑs “xelis nekaTiTi” 

unacGaqGa aduHaloKt “Zalian gemrielia”, zedmiw.: “xelis nekaTiTebs 

miaWmev” (kaslanZia, 1995: 68). 

a-nacGxNf ceraTiTi (xelisa)” 

anacGxMf arKaSPaga aJMSGa kãWP “ceraTiTis gamsworebeli mokle 

kunTi” (kviwinia, 1997: 85). 

188

a-JN “xorci” 

aJM ikit “gasuqda”, zedmiw.: “xorci daiWira”. 

sJM iHeKt “gamawama, gamawvala, damtanja”, zedmiw.: “Cemi xorci 

SeWama”. 

imala iJM izMmHo dMyoup “Cadenilis gamo Zalian ganicdis, nanobs”, 

zedmiw.: “marto Tavis xorcs ver Wams” (kaslanZia, 1995: 45). 

A-JGtG abJ., a-tG bzif. “TeZo; barZayi” 

zeg˜ reiha iauu iSGpou abaL gGaLa iax˜Zup aJGtG “yvelaze grZel msxvil 

lulisebr Zvals barZayi hqvia” (kviwinia, 1997: 57). 

a-JGLaxNr abJ., a-aMr // a-KaNr // a-LaNr bzif. “mxari” 

rMJGLaxMr eKbMrTeKt “erTmaneTs daexmarnen, gverdSi amoudgnen”, 

zedmiw.: “erTmaneTs mxari misces”. 

a-JGLaSGAyã // a-JGMLSGAyã abJ., A-MLayã bzif. “beWi” 

irSMz abgaxGMWM aJGLaSGayã “mokluli melas beWi” (narTebi, 2000: 171). 

aJGLaSGayãbaL iakMz lampMwaSGan ileKnM ila ixSGalt. “beWis Zvali, 

romelic ekava gauvarda dam as TvalSi Cauvarda: (afxazuri 

zRaprebi, 1997: 174) 

a-rgGwMsTa “safeTqeli” 

argGwMsTa adGax˜tGi agan aWPM Kamoup adGax˜tGi alMmhaTMLra “safeTqlis 

gare nawilSi moTavsebulia gareTa sasmeni xvreli” (kviwinia, 1997: 

35). 

a-rfhA “filtvi” 

Arfha ianup avawaraqGa “filtvebi neknebSia moTavsebuli” (kviwinia, 

1997: 126). 

a-uatAla “jirkvali” 

189

*** 

uatala – satala, 

arna – sMrna, 

fMfqa, cMcqa, 

sarsaleK uatala (gulia, 1939: 174). 

jirkvali – satala, 

arna sarna, 

fifqa, cicqa, 

sarsalei jirkvali. 

A-fxaSara cGEჲJxGTaqGa “sasqeso organoebi” 

afxaSara cGeჲJxGTaqGa rMla axacGeK ahGseK reKWPartGMSGa eifSPMm 

“mamakaci da qali sasqeso organoebiT gansxvavdebian” (kviwinia, 1997: 

130). 

a-fxZN “ofli” 

afxZM acGa ianalwua. . . “rodesac ofli gamoiyofa. . . ” (kviwinia, 1997: 

170). 

a-fNnwa “cxviri” 

ifMnwa ukMr, ifsM xSPoKt “mis cxvirs Tu mokideb, misi suli 

mowydeba” (Zalian sustia, dasustebulia) (kaslanZia, 1995:79). 

a-fNnwagGaLra “cxviris Rru” 

afMnwagGaLara agGTa LMjara iSPoup aKLkaaga ala “cxviris Rru ZgidiT 

or nawilad iyofa” (kviwinia, 1997: 121). 

a-qÑSG // a-fNSG “bage, tuCi; niskarti” 

iq˜MSG dMqGMiweKt “agdebulad moeqca, ar ikadra”, zedmiw.: “Tavis 

tuCze daisva”. 

a-RrA “muclis Rru” 

190

aRreK aWaWeK eKdMsloKt “Zalian gamxdaria”, zedmiw.: “muclis Rru da 

Tirkmeli erTmaneTs exleba”. 

a-yMryN “yeli” 

afSPqa iyMryM “Cvilis xorxi” (narTebi.., 2000: 24). 

iyMryM dkMlaxeKt “is ar uyvars”, zedmiw.: “xorxSi gaeCxira”. 

aa-yGAyGa bJ., a-yGAyG bzif. “zurgi” 

aSGarax yGayGa irMmanM “nanadirevi zurgze hqondaT mokidebuli” 

(narTebi.., 2000: 70). 

iyGayGa acGa axMrxit “magrad dabegves, Zlier scemes”, zedmiw.: “mis 

gverdebs kani aaZvres”. 

a-yGMryGMl “mala” 

ayGMryGMlqGa rxMfxãZara naZoKt 33-34 cMra ryMnZa “malebis raodenoba 

33-34 erTeuls aRwevs” (kviwinia, 1997: 23). 

a-SA “sisxli” 

iSa SPueKt, ida SPueKt “sisxli uduRs”. 

aCPa auaLM iSa aloup “cxens adamianis sisxli aqvs”. 

a-Sana, a-nSan “xali” 

uK lfMnwaWP anSan (Sanak) amoup “mas cxvirze xali aqvs” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986: 485). 

a-SamxN abJ., a-SamN bzif. “muxli” 

iSamxM waroup “muxli uWris, kargad darbis, mkvircxlia”, zedmiw.: 

“misi muxli mWrelia”. 

iSamxM iwfraaueKt “Zalian karg ganwyobazea”, zedmiw.: “muxli 

qvemodan ufrinavs”. 

191

a-SapN “fexi” 

Karma SapM fsMng˜eris imoup “marjvena fexi grdemlad aqvs” (narTebi.., 

2000: 18). 

iSapqGa daarMqGMmgMlo daayaleKt “ise gaxda, fexze ver dgeboda” 

(narTebi.., 2000: 73). 

iSapM alixit “raRac saqme wamoiwyo”, zedmiw.: “Tavisi fexi airCia”. 

iiJGMz iSapM iwaleKt “Zalian daTvra, gamoibruJa, simTvralisagan 

fexze ver dgas”, zedmiw.: “rac dalia, fexSi Caudga”. 

iSapM dMqGnMleKt “gamojanmrTelda; misi saqmeebi kargad midis; 

fuli iSova”, zedmiw.: “fexze dadga”. 

a-SargGMcG, a-SapgGacG “wvivi” 

zafxã zMzqGa Myou, zMSTax˜ zMSxua Myou (aSargGMcG) “rasac win zurgi 

aqvs, ukan _ muceli” (gamocanis pasuxia: wvivi) (gulia, 1985: 189). 

a-SacGk˜Ms “fexis TiTi” 

aSacGkãraqGa nacGkãraqGa ireKfSPup “fexis TiTebi xelis TiTebs 

hgavs” (kviwinia, 1997: 63). 

A-SxGa abJ., A-SG bzif. “qusli; terfi” 

lMSxGala dnagGTasMn… “man (qalma) Tavisi qusli hkra... ” (narTebi.., 

2000: 8). 

iSxGa ceKt “quslebi gaeyina”, zedmiw.: “misi qusli wavida” (kaslanZia, 

1995: 123) 

A-ca “kuWi” 

znM-zMnla aca KazknM irhGoKt amgGa hGa “xandaxan kuWs amgva-s (mucels) 

uwodeben” (kviwinia, 1997: 109). 

a-clMmhGA abJ., a-clamhGN bzif. “nikapi; yba; loya” 

192

iucGMmRu auaLM iclamhGM aSTMbJ dMdbJwas iuahaueKt “im adamianis 

ybebis xma, romelic gezizReba, Weqa-quxiliviT gesmis” (gulia, 1985: 

148). 

a-cGA “kani, tyavi; qerqi; naWuWi” 

ui auaLM icGa, auaLM iJM dalMmwit “is adamianis kanidan, adamianis 

xorcidan ar dabadebula” (narTebi.., 2000: 37). 

icGa alaSGeKt “eWvi gauCnda”, zedmiw.: “mas kanSi Cauvarda”. 

lcGa dalwKt “man (qalma) is Sva”, zedmiw.: “misi kanidan gamovida”. 

lcGa fiCPit “namusi axada, gaaupatiura”, zedmiw.: “man (mamak.) misi 

(qalis) kani gatexa”. 

a-cGEჲJ “sxeuli, organizmi” 

afMrRM eifSP icGa-iJM yafSup, amca awk˜Ms icGeK-iJi coup! “misi sxeuli 

gavarvarebuli naxSiriviT wiTelia, misi sxeuli cecxlze ufro 

cxelia” (narTebi.., 2000: 24). 

lcGa-lJM aSGaZa eifSP iSPkGakGan “misi sxeuli (kani da xorci) Wyinti 

yveliviT TeTri iyo” (narTebi.., 2000: 13). 

acGeKJi rMynM aSGraqGa ralwra “sxeulze SeSupebebis, Cirqgrovebis 

amosvla”. (sabinecki, 1910: 31 

a-cGEჲJxGTaqGa “sxeulis nawilebi” 

auaLM icGeKJxGTaqGa “adamianis sxeulis nawilebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 11). 

a-ZAmLa “loya” 

aZamLa TMfxo agara dgaran “bavSvi loyaCamTbari akvanSi iwva” 

(narTebi, 2000: 31). 

a-WAWa “Tirkmeli” 

193

armarax˜ ikMdu aWaWa eKha eKhaup “marcxena Tirkmeli ufro didia” 

(kviwinia, 1997: 127). 

a-WPaZN “nerwyvi” 

aWPaZM zMrSPua auatalaqGa irMx˜Zup aJGZM uatalaqGa “nerwyvis 

gamomyof jirkvlebs sanerwyve jirkvlebi ewodeba” (kviwinia, 1997: 

104). 

a-WPN “piri” 

afhGMzba lWPM anMlMZGZGa “qaliSvilma piri rom daibana...” (narTebi.., 

2000: 54). 

iWPM xtMm “daRvremilia”, zedmiw.: “misi piri axdili ar aris”. 

iWPM akit “damunjda”, zedmiw.: “misma pirma daikava”. 

iWPM fMrCPuam “uars ar etyvian”, zedmiw.: “mis pirs isini ar gatexen”. 

a-WPNwa abJ., a-WPAwa bzif. “sasa” 

aWPMwa xMx˜tGi aTuan “sasis zeda TaRi” (kviwinia, 1997: 99). 

a-xafNc abJ.,. a-apNc bzif. “kbili” 

ZMda yGaraSP (axafMcqGa) “uwylo riye” (gamocanis pasuxi: kbilebi) 

(gulia, 1985: 189). 

narTaa zMzneKuaz auaa rxafMcqGa mMcxGM iSPkGakGanM, dara uaa 

eiqGawGazaap “im xalxs, romlebTanac narTebi midiodnen, kbilebi 

Zalian TeTri hqoniaT, xolo Tavad Savebi yofilan” (narTebi.., 2000: 

45). 

zxafMc kafsaz arasa icGMmRup “ukbilos Txili ezizReba”. 

A-chaga xafMc “saWreli kbili” 

axafMcqGa rHormula auaLM iynM iSPMyou abasoup: achagaqGa – fP-cMrak. . . 

“adamianis kbilebis formula Semdegnairia: saWreli – oTxi cali”. 

(kviwinia, 1997: 105) 

194

a-xafNcJM abJ., a-afNcJM bzif. “RrZili” 

aq˜MSG aLnuwyatGi acGa KzlMxu axafMcJM “piris Sida kanisagan Sedgeba 

RrZili” (kviwinia, 1997: 99). 

a-xASTax˜ abJ., a-ASTax˜ bzif. “kefa” 

rTuli sityvaa. Sedgeba a-xN // a-N “Tavi” + A-STax˜ “ukan” fuZeebisagan. 

a-xSPNL abJ., a-SPNL bzif. “tvini” 

amCi axSPMLi Kara igMm “Zala da goni, Wkua mas ar aklia” (narTebi.., 

2000: 18). 

ixSPML fMrueKt “araseriozulia, Wkuamxiarulia”, zedmiw.: “misi Wkua 

dafrinavs”. 

ixSPML TaSGeKt “daWkvianda, Wkua moemata”, zedmiw.: “misi Wkua Sig 

Cavarda, Wkua Cauvarda”. 

a-xSPNbaL // a-xNbaL abJ., a-SPlNbaL // a-SPNbaL bzif. “Tavis tvini; Tavis qala” 

awGa zTagMlou aSPTa zlakGMrSPou amasarqGa uaL xMbaLla iTGup “vaSli 

rom dgas, im ezos garSemo Robe (sarebi) adamianis Tavis qalebiT 

aris savse” (narTebi, 2000: 95). 

ubri axSPMbaL aup uabxGa ixMx˜ xGSGM “is Tavis tvini aris Seni 

mamamTilis (simamris) Tavis tkivilis wamali” 

a-xN abJ., a-N bzif. “Tavi” 

ixM aqGiweKt “Tavi ganwira”, zedmiw.: “Tavi zed dado”. 

sxM xMSGwGa “pasuxs vageb, rom...”, zedmiw.: “Cemi Tavi momaWeriT” 

xMla dnMyGoKt “Wkviania, yvela nabiji gaTvlili aqvs”, zedmiw.: 

“TaviT dadis”. 

axM aTanM “organizebulad, gaTvliT, gonivrulad”, zedmiw.: “Tavis 

micemiT”. 

a-xGAmc “sxeulis nawili wels zemoT, torsi” 

195

axGamc abaLqGa “sxeulis Zvlebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 23). 

A-xGda abJ., a-Gda bzif. “kiseri; yeli” 

ixGda aZaxGa axarweKt “mokles”, zedmiw.: “yelze vazi Semoaxvies, 

moabes”. 

ixGda aa-lak irzMHom “Zalian msuqania”, zedmiw.: “mis kisers rva 

ZaRli ver SeWams”. 

a-xGdajAl abJ., a-GdajAl bzif. “kefa” 

axMbaL abaLqGa hGa irMfxãZoKt: axGdajal.. . 

kefa...” (kviwinia, 1997: 31). 

“Tavis qalis Zvlebia: 

a-xGdNrra “xrtili” 

ayGratGra axGdMrra “saxsris xrtili” (kviwinia, 1997: 63). 

a-xGlamSGN // a-xGlamSGA “xaxa” 

aHatG aWPM agGaLara ayMntGi nay iax˜Talo acGeiJxGTa iax˜Zup axGlamSGM. 

“organos, sadac piridan saWmeli gadadis, xaxa hqvia” (kviwinia, 1997: 

108). 

A-jMmS “warbi” 

ajMmSeifSP deKlahGoup “koxtad, kargad acvia”, zedmiw.: “warbiviT 

aris gaxveuli, Semosili”. 

atM ablaqGa anau, ajMmS iahGon “rodesac bum Tvalebi miiRo, warbs 

iTxovda”. 

a-LNwra “iRlia” 

bLMwra iwak “Sens iRliaSi damale” (narTebi.., 2000: 19). 

196

Tavi II 

daavadebebTan da mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika daavadebaTa 

saxelwodebani 

Aapkra, tap. Äapkra “cofi” 

daapkMr dzMdWPahGalo “yvelaze axlobeli adamiani”, zedmiwevniT 

“Tu gagiJda, visac miabamen; is, viszec gacofebuls miabamen” 

ala aapkMr – RGadaya icoKt. “ZaRli rom gacofdeba, RvadaSi garbis” 

(gulia, 1985: 170) 

a-bzIa “wiTela” 

acGMrfSPZa uaLM ianix˜lakg˜M “abzia” hGa KaSTan, ax˜Z rhGomMzt, nasg˜M 

ikGaSPon “rodesac adamiani WiTelaTi an yvaviliT avaddeboda, mis 

(daavadebis) saxels ar iZaxdnen, Tan cekvavdnen” (gublia, 1965: 96) 

a-blN “Tiaqari” 

*** 

ahaSP knahanM acGA axMzxxãda? 

ajmafS amca KaqGJnM izbMlxãda? 

maTafS waknM “x˜i” zhGaxãda? 

sMmST bzioup, 

axãa rtGaga afsMf ala suTGhGoKt, 

CHHu, CHHu, CHHu! (agrba olRa, z. eSera) 

panta msxali vin Camokida da kani vin gaacala? 

yavisferi Seferilobis Txa vin daagdo cecxlze da vin dawva? 

kavkasiuri gvelgesla vin damala da “xi” vin Tqva? 

Cemi fexi kargia (kargi fexi maqvs), 

tkivils SeberviT Segilocav, 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu (Sebervis bgeraTa mibaZva). 

197

a-bMlrA “damwvroba” 

*** 

cGi-JGi eivaknM inxaxãda, 

acgGM ala eiSPuanM izbaxãda?! 

ajMmScGa lawanM iaazrMxxãda, 

ajma waknM icGaRGaxãda?! 

abMlra xãaup hGa zahaxãda?! 

uK – alafSP! (gulia, 1939: 170) 

xari da Zroxa erTad Sebmuli vis dautovebia, 

kata rom ZaRls uyefdes vis unaxavs?! 

xaxxvis CenCo daTesviT vis mouyvania, 

Txa CembmiT vis uxvnia?! 

damwvroba tkiviliao vis gaugia?! 

us – gaTvalva! 

a-dAgGa “yru” 

adagGa izM LMntG adaul iasuam “yrusTvis dolze orjer ar ukraven”. 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1986:193) 

a-dOu bzif. “jilexi” 

eincGMSPi ZMrlaSGi 

eKfSP eKcMzbaxãda? 

ga ikMlga gaZM dzMrJGxãda? 

amSPMn acha aqGwanM ilMqGs LMqGsxãda? 

JGLan k˜Mb kMdMrgMlanM, 

ileiLeixãda? 

ga-fslMmZ JGlasM ikazMfsaxãda? 

afSPra saTGhGan, 

afSPra xMsceKt. 


axãa xMsceKt. (gulia, 1939: 156) 

xvliki da zRarbi 

198

erTmaneTis msgavsi erTAd vis unaxavs? 


zRvas xidi vin daado da iqeT aqeT vin dadioda? 

Cas kibe vin miadga da 




qari gavdevne. 

Tkivils Sevuloce, 

Tkivili gavdevne. 

*** 

izzMrdMdMz izMrmacGMsMz 

atGMla zMrssaz. 

bJMsMmwaaxak eKWPazkMz 

bJJMcGugbarZMk ala azMrfsMz 


vinc iWeqa da iquxila, ielva, 

vinc dedamiwa daaqucmaca (daanawevra), 

vinc Svid SeSas cecxli waukida 

vinc Svidi wveTiT Caaqro 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu! (informatori aviZba niusia kubaris asuli, soxumis 

raioni, zemoEeSera) 

AKRrakra “Sekruloba” 

AKRrakra zMx~qGo adMrra uadaLup… 

Sekruloba aqvs, Znelia...” (sabinecki, 1910: 22) 

“SmaTi gamocnoba, visac 

aKmhGA “xvela”, aKmhGa-ra “daxveleba” 

aKmhGareK awas baafsi uzMwGaxuam “xvelas da cud znes ver damalav” 

(gulia, 1985: 159) 

a-kanwMwNra “meWeWi” 

199

akanwMwNra cGa “meWeWiani kani” (sabinecki, 1910: 12) 

AlarqGMqG abJ., a-kGMrwNk˜ bzif. “jiblibo“ 

*** 

ala aSTax˜ sMnkMlafSPMn, 

kGMrwMk˜ zbeKt. 

kGMrwMk˜ TGhGala suTGhGeKt 

CHu, CHu, CHu (informatori - olRa agrba, zemo eSera) 

Tvalis ukan SeviWyite da 

jiblibo vnaxe. 

jiblibo SelocviT segioce 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu 

a-lafSP a-kra // a-lafSPkra “gaTvalva, Tvali” 

*** 

laxGa-wGMxGa Tast 

lafS-wGMfS Tast 

laSP-wGMSP Tast 

laRGra-wGMRGra Tast 

leKqGawGa-wGeKqGAwGa Tast 

aubaaJ ZMx˜MztGMz 

alafSPMcGg˜M aWPafSPMcGag˜ 

abJ-Sxan inarxMsKt 

ulafSPM ujam ianup 

ulafSPM uTaacGA irMmoup. 


rux TvalSi ruxi Samfuri moxvda, 

wiTel TvalSi - wiTeli Samfuri, 

TeTr TvalSi – TeTri Samfuri, 

Wrel TvalSi – Wreli Samfuri, 

Sav TvalSi – Savi Samfuri. 

Waobi sufTA wyarod vin gadaaqcia, 

200

cudi Tvalic, Tvalic, romelic cudad mzers 

Svidi mTis iqeT gavdevne, 

Seni Tvali Sens jamSi iyos, 

Seni Tvali – Sens ojaxs. 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu! (informatori aviZba WimWa, kubaris as soxumis 

raioni, sof. Zemo eSera) 

A-laSG “brma” 

alaSG ablaqGa rMda dMnxoKt, axa afsadgMlda dMfsueKt. “brma 

Tvalebis gareSe cxovrobs, magram samSoblos gareSe mokvdeba” 

alaSG KKTaxu - iLMblak “rac brmas unda – ori Tvalia” (gulia, 1985: 

173) 

a-JamrA “daavadeba, romlis simptomebia temperaturis momateba, umizezo 

tirili, rac CabJirebaSi gadadis da nevrozuloba”. 

axGMWM danJamua aTGhGa 

amCPMSPa dJamzar, 

aSGaxã dJamzar, 

aLaSPa dJamzar, 

axaSPa dJamzar, 

afSaSPa dJamzar, 

axGaSPa dJamzar, 

asabSPa dJamzar, 

aJamra zeg˜M xMsceKt, 

lMfsM lsMTGhGeKt, 

lMcGa sMrTMnCKt. 

CHu-CHu-CHu. (informatori - agrba olRa, soxumis raioni sof. zemo 

eSera) 

kviras Tu “moJamulia”, 

orSabaTs Tu “moJamulia”, 

samSabaTs Tu “moJamulia”, 

oTxSabaTs Tu “moJamulia”, 

xuTSabaTs Tu “moJamulia”, 

201

paraskevs Tu “moJamulia”, 

SabaTs Tu “moJamulia”, 

mTeli “moJamuloba” gavagde, 

miss (qalis) sul Sevuloce, 

misi (qalis) kani (sxeuli) davawynare, 

Cfu, Cfu, Cfu! 

sawrEl (sawarlisa) abJ., a-nacGxNkGMrSPa bzif. “panariciumi, dudko, 

sawereli” 

- sawarlisa, sawarlisa, uabacoK? 

- baLSMxJGara. 

- CSGu! sMfsM ceKt, 

uaJGMwGyã axGSG usMmTeK?! (informatory – olRa agrba, zemo eSera) 

-sawarlisa, sawarlisa sad midixar Sen (mamakaci)? 

- Zvlis dasamtvrevad. 

CSou! Cemi suli wavida, 

axlaxan wamali ar mogeci?! 

a-fsmAWra “gulis wasvla” 

aWkGMn ifsM maWxan Kara uaawGyã dkahaKt “biWs guli wauvida da iqve 

waiqca” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997: 115) 

a-fsxNxra “agonia” 

Sara sanneK, uK dMSPpsra dMqGMn, dMfsxMxuan. “me rodesac mivedi, is 

kvdeboda, afonia hqonda”. (Sayrili, konjaria, 1987 – II: 41) 

a-fshGNsTra “sirsveli” 

akan fSPra zmou afshGMsTra “sirsveli, romelic Worflis hgavs”. 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1987- II:41) 

a-fsNCP “susti” 

202

auaL fsMCP “susti adamiani”. 

a-fxTra “muni” 

aZRab afxTra lMx˜t “gogos muni daemarTa” 

A-fSra “wiTeli qari” 

eincGMSPi ZMrlaSGi eKfSPnM eKcMzbaxãda? 

ga ikMlga gaZMdZMrJGxãda? 

amSPMn acha aqGwanM ilMqGsLMqGsxãda? 

JGLan k˜Mb kMdMrgMlanM ikazMfsaxãda? 

afSra saTGhGan, 

afSra axMsceKt, 



xvliki da zRarbi 

erTmaneTis msgavsi erTAd vis unaxavs? 


zRvas xidi vin daado da iqeT aqeT vin dadioda? 

Cas kibe vin miadga da 




qari gavdevne. 

Tkivils Sevuloce, 

Tkivili gavdevne. 

a-fNnweKxaCra “surdo” 

uK afMnweKxaCra Kmoup daadMriJTeK “rac vicnobT, sul surdo aqvs” 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1987 – II: 56) 

a-SPMZ “malaria” 

akGt SPMZ “qaTmebis malaria” (sabinecki, 1910: 28) 

203

a-Sak˜tax˜ abJ., a-Saptax˜ bzif. “Sakiki” 

Sak˜ik˜i SalamarCia 

Sabula safuli saWandasa, 

qGCasa, wMna, g˜er gerpula, 

gelasa, cMHHu! uagGMS! (gulia, 1985: 225) 

a-WPahadagGa “yru-munji” 

aWPaha adagGa dixMCCon “munji yrus dascinoda”. 

a-WPahaWPAs “enablu” 

a-WPahaWPas uizMZMrLuazar aKha aZlagara uaxatGazar eKha eKR˜˜up. “enables 

mosmenas mewisqviled muSaoba jobia” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1987 – II: 473) 

a-x˜Talalara // a-x˜Ta alalara “gacieba” 

Sdr. a-x˜Ta “sicive”, a-lalara “raRacis SigniT Sesvla”. sayuradReboa, 

rom termini xan erTsityviani formiT ixmareba, xanac - or sityvad 

a-xÃa “tkivili” 

ablax˜ axMx˜ uxanarSPTueKt “Tvalis tkivili Tavis tkivils 

dagaviwyebs” (gulia, 1985: 157) 

A-xGra “iara” 

axGraSGa 


zxãa ChanM izMmwGaxua, 


zxãa q˜rala-RMzrala izxMzgaua. 


uK dxawam, afhGMs dleKfSPup. 

axGra - xawara fMSGagoup, 

aChara zmou izmam eKlnargoKt. 


zxãa ChanM izMmwGaxua. (informatori olRa argba, zemo eSera) 

204

Wrilobis simRera 

ua raida, is mamakaci ar aris, 

Tavis tkivils vinc ver iTmens da ver malavs, 

ua raida, Tavis tkivils vinc ver iTmens – 

Tavis tkivils kvnesiT da oxvriT vinc itans. 

ua raida, Tavis tkivils vinc ver iTmens - 

is mamakaci ar aris, qals hgavs. 

Wriloba – simamacis (kacobis) gamosacdelia, 

arCevs vis aqvs da vis ara aqvs moTmineba, 

ua raida-raida, is mamakaci ar aris 

Tavis tkivils vinc ver malavs. 

A-hcGa abJ., a-cGarfSPZa bzif. “yvavili” 

ui ix˜uan ahcGA… Kara dMrJPKt ahcGa zMx˜xãz auaa. “mas Savi Wiri hqonda... 

igi daasaflaves im adamianebma, visac gadatanili hqonda Wiri” (gulia, 

1964 : 97) 

samkurnalo saSualebebi 

a-xGrabR˜Mc // a-xGMrbR˜Mc “mravalZarRva” 

ixM xGMmkGa axGMrbR ˜Mc aqGMiwoKt “daWrili ar aris, magram mravalZarRvas 

adebs” (gulia, 1985: 153). 

a-bamba “bamba” 

...Saqar ZMla iWPMzbaaKt, bambala iWPMsMryGyGoKt…” (Saqriani wyliT 

gavaswore, bambiT SebfuTe...) (gulia, 1985: 218) 

abambaWPM amca uzMwGaxuam “bambaSi cecxls ver damalav” (gulia, 1985: 180) 

Tavi III 

fiziologiasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika 

205

AKmakWra ”daWknoba (kanisa)” 

aTakGaJG lZamLa eKmakWKt “moxucebuliqalis loya daWkna (danaoWda)” 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 – I :59) 

AKmsara “dacemineba” 

ajma eKmseKt, abga “haKr” ahGeKt 

(gulia, 1985: 181) 

“Txas daacemina, melam “xeiri” Tqva” 

AKmhGa “xvela” (ars. sax.) 

aKmhGa WPkup “xvela avadmyofobaa” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 - I: 62) 

AimhGara “xvela” 

mMcxGM aCCara aKmhGara aSToup “bevr sicils xvela mosdevs” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986 _ I: 62) 

Aisra “cema, Zgera (gulisa)”, “Zlieri sunTqva” 

ada adMf-dMfhGa KeKsueKt “ZarRvis adif-dif (bgeriTi mibaZva) feTqavs” 


aKcGk˜Msra 

“slokini” 

saaTk ayara wueKt dKacGk˜MsueKJTeK “ukve erTi saaTia rac aslokinebs” 


a-bRAJG “fufxi iaraze” 

axGra abRaJG aqGleKt “iaraze fufxi gaCnda” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 - I: 

98) 

a-gÃma, aSxar., tap. gÃma “gemo; mada” 

jabaada krMzHo, aHatG iagãmou izdMram “uSromlad mWameli ver igebs, 

saWmels ra gemo aqvs” (gulia, 1985: 187) 

206

a-gGabzÁara “janmrTeloba” 

us gGabzIara uauaaKt “Seni ar mjera“ (zedmiwevniT: “ise mogeces 

janmrTeloba”). gacveTili frazaa: unda yofiliyo “ise janmrTeloba 

mogces, rogorc marTals ambobde/rogori marTalic iyo”. 

CMmazara zMmbac, gGabziara hatMr izaqGMm “visac avadmyofoba ar unaxavs, 

janmrTelobas ar afasebs” (gulia, 1985: 160) 

a-gGEKsbJM M“guliscema, gulisZgera” 

axGMWM igGeKsMbJ arantG Ksahauan “bavSVis guliscema aqedan mesmoda” 


a-gGeKsra “guliscema” 

mMta igGeKsra iaha-iaha iRGRGaxon “mitas guliscema ufro da ufro 

Zlierdeboda” (Sayrili, konjaria – I:160) 

a-gGMxMnhGra “gulisreva” 

aCMmazaL lassM-lassM agGMxMnhGra wigeKt “avadmyofs xSirad guli ereoda” 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 –I: 180) 

a-dagGa “yru” 

adagGa izM LMntG adaul KaseKt “urisTvis dolze orjer ukraven” (Sayrili, 

konjaria: 1986 – I:193) 

a-dMqdNqra “xSiri guliscema, bagabugi, dagadugi” 

Maxaz dneKuan amLa dMqGnM, igGM dMqdMqGan “maxazi gzad midioda, mis guls 

bagabugi gahqonda” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 – I: 214) 

A-JPahGara abJ., a-JPahGarA bzif. tap. JPahGarA “coxna” 

207

aJG ahask˜Mn aJPahGOKt “Zroxa balaxs coxnis” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 _ 

I:226) 

A-Jkra “gasuqeba, momateba” 

uK aJkra ilzMmarioup “is advilad suqdeba” (Sayrili, konjaria, 1986 – 

I:230) 

A-JGra “daleva”. 

aCaraWPM aLM maWnM iaaJGKt “qorwilSi Rvino cota davlieT” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986 –I: 238) 

a-z “naRveli” (naRvlis buStis mier gamoyofili nivTiereba) 

azTra amakGan eKfSP agGawGa iadhGaloup, aLnMwya az Toup “naRvlis buSti 

tomaras gavs, RviZlTan aris dakavSirebuli, SigniT naRvelia 

moTavsebuli” (kviwinia 1997: 119) 

a-ZbA “wyurvili” 

eicnM iSPneiuaz dMrbeKt aZGM aZMrLaSP dawagMlanM aJGra daWPnM, dMrLeg˜ – 

aZba! aZba! hGa ahGhGara dSPaWPMz “erTad rom midiodnen, dainaxes erTi 

adamiani wylis nakadis (CanCqeris) qveS idga, svamda da mainc – wyurvili! 

wyurvili! (mwyurias) gaiZaxoda. (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997:115) 

a-ZkaTGara “Sardva” 

aZkaTGara acGeKJxGtaqGa “saSarde organoebi” (kviwinia, 1997: 127) 

iTakGaJG dicMmkGa… ZkaTGarag˜M dMzcomMzt “Tavis dedaberis gareSe 

..mosaSardadac ki ver midioda” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997: 168) 

a-ZkaTGaratG-fxaSaratG cGeiJxGTaqGa rwakMra “Sard-sasqeso organoebis 

sistema” 

a-ZkaTGaratG-fxaSaratG cGeiJxGTaqGa SPoKt L-xGtaknM “Sard-sasqeso sistemis 

organoebi or jdufad iyofa” (kviwinia, 1997: 127) 

208

a-ZMSPa “wyurvili” 

ah ifha aZMSPa dakiT “mefis asuls wyurvilma Seawuxa” (Sayrili, kaslanZia, 

1986 –I:278) 

a-ZGarA “pirRebineba” 

axGMWM KKHaz zeg˜M KZGeKt “bavSvma rac Wama, yvelaferi amoaRebina” 

(Sayrili, kaslanZia, 1986 –I:278) 

a-krNHara “Wama” 

akrMHaraWPM jamxGMxG iLMzcGeK KareK awaxozma? “WamaSi jamxuxu da misi 

megobrebi gana waagebdnen?” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997:117) 

a-laSGara “Casaxva” 

lcGa dalaSGeKt douhala axSPara zedmiwevniT “mis kanSi Cavadra (Caisaxa) 

zeciuri Zalebis meSveobiT bavSvi”, “zeciuri Zalebis CareviT is 

daorsulda” (informatori Wanba merab, kaldaxvara, 2003) 

A-laRMrZ, tap. laZN “cremli” 

laRMrZi WPi eiqGixuam “gauCerebliv tiris”, zedmiwevniT “cremlsa da 

pirs erTimeores ar aSorebs”. (kaslanZia, 1995: 57) 

a-lacGyGNsra “uneblie daxamxameba” 

ui uaJGi-uaJGi dlacGyGMsuan “is xSirad axamxamebda” (Sayrili, konjaria, 

1986 – I:411) 

A-lbaadara “ylapva, Caylapva” 

us, amaTGaqGa SPMlMZGZGoz, ilMzgGamTaZakGa, axahG ilbaaldeit. ase, 

tansacmels rom recxavda, ver SeamCnia da qva gadaylapa. (afxazuri 

zRaprebi, 1977:378) 

A-mla “SimSili” 

jamxGMxG aZGM ahahaihGa anMSGgGalqGa SPiHoz, nasg˜M, dMrLeg˜Mx amla hGa SPihGoz 

ibeKt “jamxuxma dainaxa, rom erTi adamiani miwas Wamda da mainc “mSias” 

iZaxda (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1977:115) 

209

a-mlaSra “SimSili” 

mlaSra cMHa azdMram, acGa – axCM “SimSili misaWmels (dasayolebels) ar 

eZebs, Zili – baliSs” (gulia, 1985: 172) 

a-fsTAzaara “cxovreba; sicocxle” 

auaLM ifsTazaara kãWPup “adamianis sicocxle moklea” (Sayrili, 

konjaria, 1986 – II:41) 

a-fsNf “amosunTquli da CasunTquli haeri” 

afsMf laga-Lagaga acGeiJxGtaqGa “sunTqvis organoebi” (kviwinia, 1997:121) 

a-fxNZ “sizmari” 

dmMcGakGa fxMZ ibeKt “uZilod sizmari naxa” (gulia, 1985: 133) 

afxMZ abara “sizmris naxva” (amiWba, 2008: 127) 

a-fxZN “ofli” 

dxMnhGKt, afxZM ix˜SM dkahaua-bRalaua “dabrunda ofliani (ofl wasmuli) 

vardniT da gorviT (fexze Zlivs idga)” (narTebi…, 2000: 27) 

a-rsarA “moneleba” 

aHatG arsara “saWmlis moneleba” (kviwinia, 1997: 99) 

a-rNmZ “Sardi” 

acGeiJ ialgatGu arMmZ eKzoKt aWaWa asaaraWPM “organizmidan damosayofi 

Sardi grovdeba Tirkmlis fialebSi” (kviwinia, 1997: 128) 

a-TGA “Cirqi” 

aSGra aTGa TMrxKt “Cirqgrovidan Cirqi amoiRes” (Sayrili, kaslanZIa, 1986 

– II: 179) 

210

a-фara “Wama” 

anMSGgGal… aHara uaWPup. “miwis beltebs Wam” (afxazuri zRaprebi, 1997: 

115) 

a-HatGrsaga cGeiJxGTaqGa rwakNra “saWmlis monelebis sistema” 

a-HatGrsaga cGeiJxGTaqGa rwakNra “saWmlis monelebis sistema” (kviwinia, 

1997: 99) 

A-cGa “Zili” (ars. sax.) 

acGa acGarTa eKlnaxuam “Zili sawols ar arCevs” (gulia, 1985: 126) 

a-cGanNrra “grZnoba; SegrZneba” 

ui lMblaqGa cGanMrrak rxMlan. . . “mis (qalis) TvalebSi grZnoba Canda” 

(Sayrili, konjaria, 1987 - II: 330) 

a-cGarsNsra “Tvlema” 

aLMjagM Kax˜tGaz KcGarsMruan “orive ijda da Tvlemda” (Sayrili, konjaria, 

1987:331) 

a-CxGrA “Sardi” 

waCxGrM warbara idMrueKt. “visac sawolSi moSardva SeuZlia, icis 

rogor gaaSros igi” (gulia, 1985: 148) 

a-wGNuara “tirili” 

aCara fSPZoup SGahGarala, afsra wGMuarala “qorwili lamazia simReriT, 

sikvdili – tiriliT. (gulia, 1985: 131) 

gMna xGMWM SMJaaxMs dwGueKt,izban? “ratom tiris patara ginda dilidan 

moyolebuli?” (aJiba, 2004:8) 

aCara fSPZoup SGahGarala, afsra wGMuarala “qorwili lamazia simReriT, 

sikvdili – tiriliT” (gulia, 1985: 131) 

a-WParhAsra “damTqnareba” 

211

WPMrhasra WPkup “damTqnareba gadamdebia” (gulia, 1985: 171) 

a-WPNxara “gaRviZeba” 

amra WPMxeKt, amSPg˜M WPMxeKt… “mzem gaiRviZa, dRemac gaiZviZa”. (aJiba, 2004: 

11) 

212

d i s e r t a c i a

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