ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti ...

avtoris stili daculiaivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetiqarTuli enis institutin i n o c i x i S v i l imeore seriis mwkrivTa warmoebasaSual qarTulSiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filologiisdoqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenilid i s e r t a c i asamecniero xelmZRvanelebi:filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,profesori giorgi gogolaSvili;filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,profesori leli baramiZeTbilisi2009

Sesavali1.½qarTuli saliteraturo enis periodizaciisaTvisqarTulma saliteraturo enam TxuTmetsaukunovani arsebobis man-Zilze ramdenadme icvala saxe. es cvlilebani misi Sinagani kanonzomierebiTaanakarnaxevi da gamowveulia im gardauvali aucileblobiT, romelicdabadebidanve dahyveba sicocxlis nebismier formas.dRes Cvens saenaTmecniero sazogadoebaSi kamaTis sagnad qceuliaara is, Seicvala Tu ara qarTuli samwerlobo ena, aramed is, Tu rogoricvala, ra gzebi gamoiara, ganviTarebis ra safexurebi ganvlo da rogoriaTiToeuli am safexuris qronologiuri sazRvrebi.qarTvelologTa erTi nawili qarTuli saliteraturo enis evoluciaSisam etaps gamoyofs. enaTmecnierTa meore nawili ori periodisgamoyofis momxrea. gamoiTqva mosazreba saliteraturo enis ganviTarebisxuTi safexuris Sesaxebac. qveperiodebis gamoyofac SemogvTavazes. daisvasakiTxi, periodizaciis problema saerTo-saxalxo enisa da saliteraturoenis urTierTgamijvniT gadaiWras. iyo saubari imis Sesaxebac, romqarTulma saliteraturo enam umniSvnelo cvlileba ganicada, rac argvaZlevs imis safuZvels, rom periodizaciaze vilaparakoT. da rom`TxuTmetsaukunovani qarTuli mwerloba erTi saliteraturo eniT iqmnebodada iqmneba dRemde~ (TvaraZe 1978: 41).qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebaSi sam etaps gamoyofdaa. SaniZe 1920 wels gamoqveynebul monografiaSi `subieqturi prefiqsi meorepirisa da obieqturi prefiqsi mesame pirisa qarTul zmnebSi~. 1935wels gamocemul saxelmZRvaneloSi `Zveli qarTuli ena da literatura~saliteraturo enis TiToeuli periodis qronologiuri sazRvrebis Sesaxebmecnieri abobs: `Zveli qarTuli ena~ gulisxmobs enas uZvelesi qarT.werilobiTi Zeglebisas me-11 saukunemdis (amianad). es ena upirispirdebasaSualsa da axals. `saSuali qarTuli~ gulisxmobs saliteraturo enasme-11 saukunidan moyolebuli me-18 saukunemdis, xolo `axali qarTuli~ _enas me-19 da me-20 saukunis mwerlobisas~ (SaniZe... 1935: 01). aspeqti erT-er-Ti ZiriTadi kategoriaa zmnisa. am kategoriis gamoxatvaSi momxdari2

cvlileba dado mijnad Zvelsa da axal qarTuls Soris a. SaniZem. Zvelisistemis axliT Secvla erTbaSad ar momxdara, Zveli da axali sistemisniSnebi Tanaarsebobdnen im periodis ganmavlobaSi, romelsac saSualiqarTuli daerqva. amis Sesaxeb `qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebSi~vkiTxulobT: `aspeqtis kategoriam aRniSna, ase vTqvaT, didi moxveuliqarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriaSi da amiT garkveuli mijna daidoZvel qarTulsa da axals Soris. am mijnaze Zevs saSuali qarTuli, romelicasaxavs am ori sistemis paralelur arsebobas da enis cdas, ufroda ufro meti gasaqani moupovos axal sistemas da miviwyebas misces Zveli~(SaniZe 1980: 271).saliteraturo enis a. SaniZiseuli dayofa gaiziares k. kekeliZem, p.ingoroyvam, v. Tofuriam, s. gorgaZem, i. qavTaraZem, S. ZiZigurma, z. WumburiZem...k. kekeliZem XI-XIII saukuneebSi saero literaturis aRmoceneba, xoloXIX-XX saukuneebSi misi evropul kulturasTan daaxloeba dasaxa immniSvnelovan cvlilebad, romelTac saliteraturo enis ganviTarebaSiaxali etapebis (Zvelisagan _ saSualis, saSualisagan _ axlis) warmoSobaganapirobes (kekeliZe 1980: 33).1925 wels `mnaTobSi~ gamoqveynebul werilSi `axali saliteraturoqarTulis istoriidan~ s. gorgaZe werda: `saliteraturo qarTulma, mwerlobisdaarsebidan dRemde, sul mcire, sami mTavari xana, ganviTarebissami mTavari safexuri, mainc ganvlo. am sami safexuris mixedviT, dResmecniereba samwerlo qarTuls sam gvarad hyofs: Zvel qarTulad, saSualoqarTulad da axal qarTulad... SeiZleba dabejiTebiT iTqvas, rom sa-Sualo qarTulis dasawyisi mwerlobaSi daaxloebiT meTerTmete saukunismeore naxevars ekuTvnis, xolo axali samwerlo qarTulis dasawyisad mecxrametesaukunis meore naxevari unda CaiTvalos~ (gorgaZe 1925: 14).wignSi `qarTuli enis istoriisaTvis~ i. qavTaraZe ganixilavs XII-XVIII saukuneTa Zeglebis enas da kiTxvas, Tu ra adgili unda mieCinosxsenebuli epoqis samwerlobo enas qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriaSi,im ZiriTadi leqsikur-gramatikuli niSnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romel-Tac gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba saerTod saliteraturo enis periodizaciisas,mkvlevari ase pasuxobs: `qarTuli enis ganviTarebis3

istoriaSi XII-XVIII saukuneebis periodis gamoyofa gamarTlebulia dasaWiroa... leqsikasTan erTad saSuali qarTuli xasiaTdeba metyvelebisnawilTa gramatikuli cvlilebis zogierTi TaviseburebiT... rac Seexebafonetikas, XII-XVIII ss. qarTuli enis sxvadasxva Zegli erTxmad uWersmxars saSuali qarTulis Taviseburebas Zvel da axal qarTulTan SedarebiT~(qavTaraZe 1964: 33-34).Zvel da axal saliteraturo enaTa gverdiT ayenebs saSual qar-Tuls varlam Tofuriac: `axali qarTuli literaturuli ena warmoadgensZveli qarTulis Semdgoms ganviTarebas aRmosavleT saqarTvelos barisdialeqtebis safuZvelze... magram axali qarTuli ena erTbaSad ardamkvidrebula. misi Camoyalibeba da danergva xdeboda TandaTanobiT,axali elementebis neli Semosvlisa da Zveli struqturis elementTaTandaTanobiT SecvliT an gaqrobiT... amgvari Zveli da saero mwerlobisenis sinkretizmiT (SerwymiT) warmoiqmna gardamavali ena, saSuali qarTuli...saSuali qarTuli ena gamoyenebulia XII-dan XVIII saukunis I naxevramde~(Tofuria 1965: 23-24).samwerlobo enis sam periodad dayofis momxrea S. ZiZiguric. amazrs aviTarebs werilSi `mTlianoba oRond nairgvarovani (ZiZiguri 1978:51-52). wignSi `sityvis cxovreba~ mkvlevari mokled mimoixilavs qarTulisaliteraturo enis ganviTarebis safexurebs da saSuali qarTulis Sesaxebambobs: `XII-XVIII saukuneebis ena SeiZleba davaxasiaToT, rogorcgardamavali etapi, erTgvari Sualeduri periodi, romelic warmogvidgensZveli qarTulis niSandoblivi elementebisa da axali enobrivi nakadisTavisebur nazavs, Tvisebrivad axal epoqas saliteraturo enis evoluciisgrZel gzaze~ (ZiZiguri 1988: 128).z. WumburiZis azriT, XII saukuneSi aspeqtis sistemis cvlilebam,marTlac, axal, gansxvavebul saliteraturo enas misca dasabami, magramZveli normebis moSlisa da axlis Camoyalibebis procesi metad xangrZliviaRmoCnda. da Tu gagebis principiT movaxdendiT Cveni samwerloboenis periodizacias, maSin gaWirdeboda saSuali qarTulis gamoyofa,radgan Zveli qarTuli arc Tu ise Zneli gasagebia Tanamedrove qarTvelisaTvisda mas axali qarTulis qveperiodad gamovacxadebdiT, magram`uxerxulobas Seqmnida is, rom es `qveperiodi~ Zalian grZelia da mas4

ogorc Zveli, ise axali qarTulisagan gansxvavebuli araerTi niSaniaxasiaTebs~ (WumburiZe 1982: 26). amis Semdeg avtori daaskvnis: `ufro sworida mizanSewonilia, roca XII-XVIII saukuneTa enas calke gamoyofen sa-Suali qarTulis saxelwodebiT, romelic erTgvari gardamavali safexuriaZvelsa da axal qarTuls Soris... viziarebT im azrs, rom qarTulisaliteraturo enis istoria sam periodad unda daiyos: Zveli qarTuli(V-XI ss), saSuali qarTuli (XII-XVIII ss.) da axali qarTuli ena (XIX saukunidandRemde)~ (WumburiZe 1982: 26).n. maric sam periods gamoyofs, Tumca, qarTuli samwerlobo eniscalkeul safexurs damoukidebel enad moixseniebs: qronologiur aspeqt-Si qarTulSi sami enaa _ Zveli qarTuli ena, saSuali saukuneebis da axaliena (mari 1922: 5).saliteraturo enis ganviTarebaSi sam etaps gamoyofs f. erTeliSvilic.Tumca sxvagvaria enobriv periodTa qronologiuri sazRvrebi daterminebi. avtori wers: `XII-XIX saukuneebis saliteraturo qarTulisa-Tvis damaxasiaTebelia enobrivi siWrele... saliteraturo enis siWreleis ZiriTadi Taviseburebaa, romelic am periodis saliteraturo qar-Tuls ganasxvavebs Zveli saliteraturo qarTulisganac da Tanamedrovesaliteraturo qarTulisganac. es gansxvaveba arsebiTi xasiaTisaa da amitomqarTuli saliteraturo enis Seswavlis dRevandel doneze marTebuliCans xsenebuli periodis calke gamoyofa... ufro mizanSewonili iqnebodaaxali saliteraturo (an sxvagvarad: saSuali, gardamavali periodis)qarTuli XII-XIX saukuneebiT Semogvefargla, radgan arsebiTad XIXsaukunis Semdeg damkvidrda Tanamedrove, erTiani saliteraturo qarTuliena, aRikveTa enobrivi siWrele... qarTuli saliteraturo enis periodizaciaamgvari dayofiTa da terminebiT warmogvidgeboda: Zveli saliteraturoena _ V-XI ss., axali saliteraturo ena _ XII-XIX ss., Tanamedrovesaliteraturo ena _ XXs.~ (erTeliSvili 1968: 15).qarTuli samwerlobo enis ganviTarebis gza or etapad warmoadginaarn. Ciqobavam. `enaTmecnierebis SesavalSi~ vkiTxulobT: `qarTuli samwerloenis ganviTarebaSi gairCeva ori periodi: Zveli qarTulisa (V-XIss.) da axali qarTulisa (XII saukunidan dRemdis). axali qarTulis CamoyalibebameTormete saukunidan iwyeba saero mwerlobis ZeglebSi; meTvra-5

mete saukunisaTvis es procesi damTavrebulia: daviT guramiSvilis `davi-Tiani~ da saba-sulxan orbelianis `mogzauroba evropaSi~ udaod axalisaliteraturo qarTulis nimuSebs warmoadgens~ (Ciqobava 1952: 364). arn.Ciqobavas gamarTlebulad ar miaCnia saSuali qarTulis calke periodadgamoyofa, razedac imave `enaTmecnierebis SesavalSi~ ambobs: `axali saliteraturoenis istorias xSirad mecxramete saukunis mesamoce wlebidanangariSoben; wina saukuneebs (XII-XIX ss.) `saSuli qarTulis~ saxiTgamoyofen. saqmis viTarebas aseTi gageba ar Seefereba. axali qarTulisada Zveli qarTulis gverdiT ver davayenebT XII-XVI saukuneTa qarTuls;mas damoukidebeli saxe ara aqvs arc gramatikuli wyobisa da arc Ziri-Tadi leqsikuri fondis mxriv~ (Ciqobava 1952: 364). mkvlevaris azriT, ZveliqarTulis uSualo gagrZelebaa axali qarTuli ena, romelic XII saukunidanisaxeba: `mexotbeTa (SavTelis, CaxruxaZis) ena, S. rusTavelis `vefxis-tyaosnis~ena ukve aRaraa Zveli qarTuli. saxelTa brunebaSi, zmnisuRvlilebaSi axali qarTulis damaxasiaTebeli movlenebi gvaqvs. sityva-Ta wyobac arsebiTad axali qarTulisaa~ (Ciqobava 1950: 018). aRniSnul sakiTxsmecnieri kvlavac exeba. naSromSi `dialeqtizmebis sakiTxisaTvis`vefxistyaosanSi~ naTqvamia: `saSualo qarTulis~ calke safexurad gamoyofa(Zvelisa da axali qarTulis gverdiT) araa gamarTlebuli saqmisviTarebiT. Zvel qarTuls axali qarTuli mosdevs~ (Ciqobava 1938: 227). mogvianebiT`vefxistyaosnis~ enaze Catarebuli kvlevisas arn. Ciqobavam poemismorfologiursa da sintaqsur struqturaSi gamoavlina rigi movlenebisa,rac Zveli qarTulisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli da am movlenaTagverdiT daZebna iseTi enobrivi faqtebic, rac Zveli qarTulisTvisucxoa, axal qarTulSi ki Cveulebrivi gamxdara. e. i. im epoqis ZeglSi,saidanac mkvlevari axali qarTuli saliteraturo enis dasabams moiazrebs,Tanaarseboben Zvelisa da axlis monacemebi. Zvel da axal enobrivnormaTa am simbiozs avtori ar miiCnevs damoukidebel etapad, saSualqarTulad da mas Zvelidan axali qarTulisaken gardamaval safexursuwodebs (Ciqobava 1966).qarTul samwerlobo enaSi ori periodis gamoyofis momxrea iv. gigineiSvili.mkvlevaris azriT, axal saliteraturo enas dasabami miecaXII saukunidan, Zveli qarTuli ena gadamuSavda da daixvewa sxva, axali6

dialeqtebis safuZvelze. `axali qarTuli samwerlobo ena Zveli qarTulisgagrZelebas warmoadgens da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos baris kiloebissafuZvelze misi gadamuSavebis Sedegia~ (gigineiSvili 1952: 502).qarTuli saliteraturo enis periodizaciis problemas Seexo a. kiziriac,roca sintaqsur sakiTxebs ikvlevda saero mwerlobis, kerZod,XII-XVIII saukuneebis ZeglTa enaSi. aRniSnul periods, rasac Cven saSualsvuwodebT, avtori ar miiCnevs damoukidebel safexurad da ambobs:`Zvel qarTulSi axali elementebis Casaxva, xolo axal qarTulSi ZveliqarTuli elementebis arseboba ar gvaZlevs imis Tqmis sabuTs, rom Zvelisada axali qarTulis gverdiT saSuali qarTuli warmovadginoT daaxali qarTulis sawyisebi meTormete saukunidan mecxrametemdis gadmovitanoT~(kiziria 1954: 140).z. sarjvelaZe Tvlis, rom saliteraturo qarTulis arc oretapovanida arc sametapovani dayofa ar aris absoluturi. wignSi `qarTuli saliteraturoenis istoriis Sesavali~ mkvlevars Zveli da saSuali qar-Tulis werilobiTi Zeglebidan sakmarisad bevri magaliTi mohyavs imisdasturad, rom kriteriumebi, romlebic TiToeuli periodizaciis mxardamWerebmaSemogvTavazes, ar aris Seuvali, radgan `XII-XVIII saukuneTasasuliero mwerlobis ena sakmaod xSirad gamoavlens cocxali metyvelebisaTvisdamaxasiaTebel movlenebs, magram arsebiTad igi mainc ZveliqarTulia. calke Seswavlas saWiroebs XIX saukunis I naxevris enac~ (sarjvelaZe1984: 269). avtori Zveli samwerlobo enis monakveTSi ori qveperiodisgamoyofas gvTavazobs im fonetikuri, morfologiuri da sintaqsuriniSnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelTa mixedviTac mis mier mokvleulmasalebSi V-VIII saukuneTa da IX-XI saukuneebis literaturuli qarTulierTmaneTs upirispirdeba.qarTul samwerlobo enas xuT etapad yofs b. jorbenaZe. pirvelietapi anu Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena, tradiciisamebr, V-XI saukuneebsmoicavs. avtori saSual qarTuls meore da mesame etapebad anawilebs,Tumca, terminebis gareSe gvTavazobs. meore etapi saero literaturiswarmoSobas da damkvidrebas ukavSirdeba. b. jorbenaZes SesaZlebladmiaCnia, damoukidebel safexurad warmoadginos epoqa enisa, romelic antonkaTalikosis sami stilis Teoriis wyalobiT saukunis ganmavlobaSi7

atonobda. es mesame etapi XVII-XVIII saukuneebidan XIX saukunis 60-ianwlebamde grZeldeba. mesame da meoTxe etapebs Soris niSnulad miCneuliasamoRvaweo asparezze qarTvel samocianelTa gamosvla da ilia WavWava-Zis meTaurobiT TergdaleulTa mier qarTuli samwerlobo enis gakeTil-SobilebisaTvis Catarebuli reformebi. `cocxali qarTuli metyvelebissawyisebisaken mibrunebam da amave dros evropizaciis tendenciam,rogorc iTqva, gansazRvra qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis Semdgomigza~ (jorbenaZe 1998: 5). mecnieri Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturoenas uwodebs mexuTe etaps, romelic XX saukunis 10-20-iani wlebidaniRebs saTaves. es aris xana qarTuli universitetis daarsebisa daqarTuli enisaTvis saxelmwifo enis statusis miniWebisa. Tavisebureba,rac Tanamedrove qarTuls axali qarTulisagan gamoarCevs, imaSi mdgomareobs,rom Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo enas `orientacia TbilisurqarTul metyvelebaze aqvs aRebuli da imavdroulad permanentuladmdidrdeba qarTuli cocxali kiloebisa da Zveli qarTuli saliteraturoenis formebiT~ (jorbenaZe 1998: 5).r. TvaraZe dabejiTebiT uaryofs samwerlobo enis nebismier dayofasda `Zveli qarTuli enac~ mxolod pirobiT saxelwodebad miaCnia,`enaTmecnierTa daxSul wreSi~ samuSao terminad xmarebuli, romlis sazRvrebSicmoeqca enis ganviTarebis garkveul periodSi TavCenili enobrivimovlenebi. Tumca, r. TvaraZe Tavadve amCnevs samwerlobo enis safexurebaddayofis saWiroebas da ambobs: `rasac Zvel qarTuls vuwodebT,sxva ram ena ki ar aris, aramed mxolod erT-erTi plastia erTiani qar-Tuli saliteraturo enisa~ (TvaraZe 1978: 48). avtorisaTvis amosavaliwertili qarTuli saliteraturo enis erT ganuyofel mTlianobad, gaudiferencirebelnakadad warmodgenisas gagebis momentia. kerZod, is, rom`ganaTlebuli qarTveli mkiTxvelisTvis iakob xucesis, giorgi merCules,daviT aRmaSeneblis, `visramianis~ mTargmnelis, rusTavelis, sulxan-sabaorbelianisa Tu daviT guramiSvilis ena iseve gasagebia, axlobeli damSobliuri, rogorc dRevandel poetTa da prozaikosTa metyveleba~ (TvaraZe1978: 41).qarTuli samwerlobo enis periodizaciis sakiTxze gansxvavebuliazri aqvs g. gogolaSvils. mkvlevaris azriT, rodesac enis periodizaci-8

aze vsaubrobT, unda gavarkvioT, Tu ris periodizacias vaxdenT, qarTulienis Tu qarTuli saliteraturo enis, radgan TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxvalingvisturi odenobaa. Tu qarTuli enis ganviTarebis etapebigvainteresebs, SeiZleba vimsjeloT sam (Tundac met) erTeulze. esenia: a)Zveli qarTuli ena, b) saSuali qarTuli ena, g) axali qarTuli ena. xoloTu qarTuli saliteraturo enis evoluciis gzas ganvixilavT, mxolodori safexuri unda gvqondes mxedvelobaSi: a) Zveli qarTuli saliteraturoena da b) axali qarTuli saliteraturo ena. `Cven SegviZliavimsjeloT Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo enis sistemaze; axali qarTulisaliteraturo enis sistemaze. magram ver avagebT saSuali qarTulisaliteraturo enis sistemas, radganac aseTi ram ar arsebobs~ (gogolaSvili2004: 35).qarTuli enis istoriaSi XII-XVIII saukuneTa mwerlobis enas mniSvnelovaniadgili ukavia. es aris vrceli, mravlismomcveli periodi,romlis saTaveSic SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosani~ dgas. rusTavelisena, marTlac, axali qarTulis gariJraJia, dafuZnebulia Zveli qarTuliklasikuri enis saukeTeso tradiciebze da gamdidrebulia axali enobrivinakadiT, romelsac masazrdoebel nakadulebad mierTvis saqarTvelossxvadasxva kuTxis xalxuri metyveleba. misi Tanamedrove da Semdgomidrois mxatvruli prozisa da poeziis nimuSebic am niSniTaa aRbeWdili.axali epoqis suliT sunTqavs mose xonelis `amirandarejaniani~, `visramiani~da ucxoenovani mxatvruli literaturis sxva Targmanebi, SavTelis`abdulmesia~ da CaxruxaZis `Tamariani~, sazRapro eposi `rusudaniani~,Teimuraz I-is, Teimuraz II-is, arCilis, vaxtang VI-is, besikis, saiaTnovasSemoqmedeba. xolo sulxan-saba orbelianisa da daviT guramiSvilismwyobri, daxvewili qarTuli dagvirgvinebaa am epoqis mxatvruli literaturisenisa da amave dros axali qarTuli samwerlobo enis wina dRedacmoiazreba.enis istoriis TvalsazrisiT iSviaT Rirebulebas warmoadgens istoriulixasiaTis Txzulebani. am mxriv `qarTlis cxovreba~ uTuod sainteresoinformacias gvawvdis.XII-XVIII saukuneTa enis Camoyalibebis fasdaudebeli wyaroa qarTuliistoriuli sabuTebi da samarTlis Zeglebi, am drois epigrafikuli9

da arqeologiuri masalebi, samedicino da samxedro-teqnikuri literaturisTargmanebi da sxva ucxoenovani saganmanaTleblo centrebidan gadmoqarTulebulisaswavlo-samecniero disciplinebi. aseTi Janris Zeglebixalxuri metyvelebis ukufenaa da Taviseburi literaturuli stilis Semcveli,isini sxvadasxva lokaluri warmoSobisaa, maTSi sacnaurdebasxvadasxva dialeqturi wridan gamosul mTargmnel-gadamwerTa enobrivistili da Sesrulebis manera. aq uxvadaa kulturul-ekonomikuri da socialur-sayofacxovreboterminologia. es Zeglebi Seicaven mdidar masalasistoriuli fonetikis, morfologiis, sintaqsis, leqsikologiis dasxva saenaTmecniero sakiTxebis SeswavlisaTvis.TiTqmis Svidsaukunovani istoriis manZilze Tanaarsebobs Zveli saliteraturoqarTulis ukve Seryeuli enobrivi normebi da elementebiaxali saliteraturo enisa, romelsac jer kidev ar gaudgams Rrmad fesvida romelsac cocxali, zepirmetyvelebiTi ena asazrdoebs. XII saukune-Si saero mwerlobis aRmocenebam xeli Seuwyo mwignobruli enis xalxurmetyvelebasTan daaxloebas, mogvianebiT kidev ufro meti gasaqani miecadialeqtebidan momdinare leqsikur-gramatikul formebs. `dairRva Zvelisamwerlobo enis unificirebuli sistema da fakultatiurma enobrivmaformebma literaturul normalizacias Tavisi daRi daasva~ (ZiZiguri1988: 129). enobrivi siWrele, _ dialeqtur formaTa mozRvaveba da erTianisaliteraturo normebis uqonloba, _ es aris ZiriTadi ganmsazRvreli ni-Sani Zvelidan axalze gardamavali safexurisa. garda amisa, aRniSnuliepoqis ZeglTa enas axasiaTebs zogi iseTi gramatikuli movlenac, romelicmxolod misTvisaa niSandoblivi da rac mas sxva periodebis saliteraturoenisgan gamoarCevs. aseTi Taviseburebani gamovlindeba calkeulimwerlis, calkeuli Txzulebisa Tu werilobiTi Zeglis enaSi da maTsistemuri xasiaTi ara aqvT.amgvari TavisTavadoba XII-XVIII saukuneTa qarTulisa saSualebasgvaZlevs xsenebuli epoqis ena damoukidebel periodad gamovacxadoT damas pirobiTad saSuali qarTuli vuwodoT. CvenTvis misaRebia gamoTqmuliTvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTuli enisa da qarTuli saliteraturoenis periodizacia sxvadasxva suraTs gvaZlevs da rom samwerloboenis CvenTvis saintereso monakveTs ver davayenebT Zveli da axali sali-10

teraturo enebis gverdiT, radgan ar arsebobs saSuali qarTuli saliteraturoena. amitomac am poziciidan davinaxavT qarTul enas da Semdgomikvlevisas zmnis II seriis mwkrivTa formebis Seswavlas saSuali qarTulissazRvrebSi SevecdebiT.2. II seriis mwkrivTa raodenoba Zvel qarTulSiZvel qarTul enaSi zmnis sauRlebel erTeulTa raodenobis Sesaxebsamecniero literaturaSi azrTa erTgvaroba ar aris. SexedulebaTamravalferovneba gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia II seriaSi, sadac mwkriv-Ta raodenoba oridan rvamde meryeobs.niko marma Zveli qarTulisaTvis rva sauRlebeli erTeuli samjgufad (seriad) warmogvidgina da meore jgufSi (seriaSi) ori mwkrivigaaerTiana:II jgufi: 1. aoristi (vaqe)2. kavSirebiTi (vaqo)(mari 1908)1920 wels a. SaniZem Zveli qarTuli uRlebis sistema or jgufad gayo,pirveli adgili namyo srulis jgufs (II serias) miakuTvna, romelSicoTxi mwkrivia Sesuli::namyo srulis jgufi1. namyo sruli2. myobadi (anu natvriTi kilo)3. namyo mravalgziTi4. brZanebiTi kilo(SaniZe 1920)1935 wlis saskolo saxelmZRvaneloSi avtori mwkrivTa sistemas samwyebad warmoadgens. amjerad II serias meore adgili ukavia da masSi oTxisauRlebeli erTeulia gaerTianebuli:II wyeba (anu seria)1. namyo wyvetili (anu aoristi)2. namyo xolmeobiTi11

3. meore kavSirebiTi (igive myobadi)4. warTqmiTi brZanebiTi.(SaniZe 1935: 025).1948 wels dabeWdil naSromSi `sxva ucnobi mwkrivi qarTulSi~ avtormaSereuli kavSirebiTi Semata II serias (SaniZe 1948)..sabolood a. SaniZiseuli uRlebis sistemaSi II seriam aseTi saxemiiRo:II seria1. wyvetili2. II brZanebiTi3. II xolmeobiTi4. II kavSirebiTi (II myobadi)5. Sereuli kavSirebiTi (Sereuli myobadi)monografiaSi `martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi~ arn. Ciqobavadro-kiloTa sistemis SedarebiT martiv sqemas gvTavazobs, sadac IIseria sami sauRlebeli erTeuliTaa warmodgenili:meore jgufi1. namyo ZiriTadi (aoristi)2. namyo CveulebiTi (habitualisi, permansivi)3. koniunqtivi meore(Ciqobava 1968).l. kiknaZe Zveli qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi 19 erTeulsgamoyofs. mkvlevars II seriaSi damoukidebel mwkrivebad Sehyavs Sereuliwyvetili, Sereuli xolmeobiTi da Sereuli brZanebiTi. avtorma SereulixolmeobiTi Sereuli kavSirebiTis analogiiT Seitana sistemaSi. `rakiSereuli kavSirebiTi funqciiT I kavSirebiTis tolia da od-iani zmnebisam mwkrivs formiTac hgavs, mis gverdiT unda arsebuliyo is mwkrivic,romelic funqciiT uwyvetlis xolmeobiTis toli iqneboda, xolo formiT(garegnulad) arafriT ar iqneboda gansxvavebuli kavSirebiTisagan...formiT Sereuli kavSirebiTis msgavs am mwkrivs... Sereuli xolmeobiTiunda ewodos da adgili meore seriaSi mieCinos~ (kiknaZe 1967: 187). e. i. SereulikavSirebiTi da Sereuli xolmeobiTi formobrivad erTi da igivea,xolo funqcias konteqsti aniWebs TiToeul maTgans.12

ac Seexeba Sereul brZanebiTsa da Sereul namyos, isini avtorismier Teoriulad aRdgenili formebia. l. kiknaZe wers: `a. SaniZesm o g  às e n e n formis adgilas, romelic aq meore brZanebiTia, xolo sxvaadgilas SeiZleba wyvetili iyos, aRudgenia m o m i às e n n o d e , im mwkrivisforma, romelic Sereul xolmeobiTTan da Sereul kavSirebiTTan erTadunda arsebuliyo, da romlisTvisac SeiZleboda Sereuli brZanebiTi gvewodebina~(kiknaZe 1967: 192).amgvari formis arseboba mkvlevars saSualebas aZlevs, kidev erTimwkrivi gamoyos: `akaki SaniZes Sereuli brZanebiTis forma aRudgenia,cxadia, mas isic gaTvaliswinebuli hqonia, rom Tavis droze is mwkrivicunda arsebuliyo, romlis fuZec gamoyenebuli iqneboda Sereuli branebi-TisaTvis da romlisTvisac SeiZleboda Sereuli namyo dagverqmia: rakiarc I brZanebiTs da arc II brZanebiTs sakuTari fuZe ar hqonda (I brZanebiTiuwyvetlis fuZes iyenebda da II brZanebiTi _ wyvetilisas), cxadia,arc Sereul brZanebiTs eqneboda sakuTari fuZe da mas saTanado Sereulimwkrivis fuZe unda gamoeyenebina... m o m i às e n n o d e Sereuli namyociqneboda da Sereuli brZanebiTic~ (kiknaZe 1967: 192-193).dasrulebuli saxiT l. kiknaZis mier SemoTavazebul uRlebis sistemaSiII seria ase gamoiyureba:meore seria1. wyvetili2. Sereuli wyvetili (namyo)3. II xolmeobiTi4. Sereuli xolmeobiTi5. II kavSirebiTi6. Sereuli kavSirebiTi7. II brZanebiTi8. Sereuli brZanebiTiaqve davZenT, rom i. imnaiSvili mxars uWers mwkrivTa sistemis agebisa. SaniZiseul princips (imnaiSvili 1971), Tumca, 1996 wels ivane davaxtang imnaiSvilebis avtorobiT gamocemul wignSi `zmna Zvel qarTul-Si~ Sereuli xolmeobiTi damoukidebel mwkrivadaa warmodgenili. avtorebsaseve SesaZleblad miaCniaT Sereuli wyvetilis arseboba. xolo Se-13

euli brZanebiTis calke sauRlebel erTeulad gamoyofas eWvqveS ayeneben:`rogorc Cans, Zvel qarTulSi cnobil mwkrivebs Sereuli wyvetilicunda daematos. rac Seexeba Sereul brZanebiTs, misi arseboba saeWvoa~(imnaiSvili... 1996).z. sarjvelaZis azriT, Zvel qarTulSi sagulvebelia Sereuli kav-SirebiTis, Sereuli wyvetilisa da Sereuli brZanebiTis arseboba da aRniSnulTvalsazriss Zvel teqstebSi moZiebuli faqtebiTac amagrebs. `iSviaTad,magram mainc gvxvdeba Zvel qarTul teqstebSi Sereuli wyvetili,Sereuli xolmeobiTi, Sereuli brZanebiTi, Sereuli kavSirebiTi~, _ ambobsmkvlevari da miaCnia, rom `Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enaSi es movlenadialeqtizmad unda CavTvaloT~ (sarjvelaZe 1984: 457).CamoTvlilTagan gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss vecnobiT g. gogolaSvilisnaSromSi `qarTuli zmnis uRvlilebis sistema~. marTebulad miaCniara samecniero literaturaSi n. maris mier danergili sauRlebeli fuZisprincipi, avtori kritikulad ganixilavs manamde warmodgenil sistemebsda Tvlis, rom sauRlebel erTeulTa raodenoba Tormetamde unda Semcirdes.kerZod, damoukidebel mwkrivebad ar unda ganixilebodes awmyosxolmeobiTi, I brZanebiTi da II brZanebiTi. `maT sakuTari fuZe ar gaaCniaT.awmyos xolmeobiTis fuZe identuria awmyos fuZisa, I brZanebiTis fu-Ze _ uwyvetlis fuZisa, xolo II brZanebiTis fuZe _ wyvetilis fuZisa~(gogolaSvili 1988: 109). Tumca funqciurad isini sxvaoben, `formobrivadki maT Soris sxvaobas qmnis is, rom subieqtur mesame pirSi gansxvavebulsufiqsebs miiReben~ (gogolaSvili 1988: 110), rac ar aris sakmarisi pirobaimisaTvis, rom isini damoukidebel sauRlebel erTeulebad miviCnioTTundac imitom, rom Zvel qarTul teqstebSi igive piris niSnebi moZiebuliasxva formebSic. saxeldobr, -n mx. ricxvis mesame subieqturi pirisniSnad gvxvdeba kidev II xolmeobiTsa da I TurmeobiTSi, -ed mr. ricxvismesame subieqturi piris niSnad dadasturebulia uwyvetlis xolmeobiTSi,II xolmeobiTSi, II kavSirebiTSi, I TurmeobiTSi. Tumca, amis gamo isinidamoukidebel mwkrivebad ar ganixileba. `amaTgan damoukidebeli nakvTebisgamoyofas varaudoben (sxvadasxva funqciis safuZvelze) mxolod awmyosgan,uwyvetlisa da wyvetilisagan. uwyvetlis xolmeobiTSi, II xolmeobiTSi,II kavSirebiTSi paraleluri formebis arseboba ar gamxdara sa-14

fuZveli axali formebis gamoyofisa. Tu davuSvebT, rom n/ed sufiqsebspirvel SemTxvevaSi SeswevT Zala nakvTTa dapirispirebisa, ratom ar xdebaes meore SemTxvevaSi?~ (gogolaSvili 1988: 116-117). es ugulebelyofaasawarmoebeli fuZis principisa. avtori Segvaxsenebs a. SaniZis moZRvrebasfuZisa da mwkrivis Sesaxeb, `zmnis formaTa iseT jgufs, romelic aerTianebserTmaneTisagan mxolod pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT gansxvavebulformebs, mwkrivi hqvia~ (SaniZe... 1980: 109). `zmnis im nawils, romelsacCamoSorebuli aqvs pirisa da ricxvis niSnebi, mwkrivis fuZe hqvia~ (Sani-Ze... 1980: 110); `zmnas sxvadasxva mwkrivSi sxvadasxva fuZe aqvs~ (SaniZe, imnaiSili,kvaWaZe 1980: 121). gamomdinare aqedan, winaaRmdegoba aSkaraa, awmyosxolmeobiTi, I brZanebiTi da II brZanebiTi Zvel qarTulSi ar arisdamoukidebeli sauRlebeli erTeulebi. xolo maT Soris funqciur gansxvavebazeavtori ase msjelobs: `awmyo, uwyveteli da wyvetili droulkilouriTvalsazrisiT polifunqciuri nakvTebia... warmodgenil sam nakvTSiarsebuli formobrivi paralelizmi enam funqciuri sxvaobisaTvisgamoiyena: enaSi ukve arsebulma formebma SeiTvises aseve enaSi ukve arsebuliSinaarsi~ (gogolaSvili 1988: 117). amitomac awmyos xolmeobiTi, IbrZanebiTi, II brZanebiTi, awmyos, uwyvetlis, wyvetilis formobrivi variantebia,subieqturi mesame piris niSnebiT gansxvavebuli.msgavsi viTarebaa III seriaSi damoukidebel sauRlebel erTeuladgamoyofili I TurmeobiTis xolmeobiTis SemTxvevaSic, avtori eTanxmebagamoTqmul mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rom aRniSnuli mwkrivi I Turmeobi-Tis arqauli formaa.g. gogolaSvili aseve umarTebulod miiCnevs Sereuli xolmeobiTis,Sereuli brZanebiTis, Sereuli wyvetilis damoukidebel mwkrivebad gamoyofas.Sereuli xolmeobiTi formobrivad sruliad emTxveva Sereul kav-SirebiTs, xolo rac Seexeba funqcias, mas konteqsti aniWebs. konteqstSigamovlenili funqciisda mixedviT erTi da imave formis sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSisxvadasxva mwkrivad gaazreba arsebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba mwkriv-Ta sistemis agebis princips, sawarmoebeli fuZis princips, amis gamo SereulxolmeobiTs Zveli qarTulis dro-kiloTa sistemaSi adgili ar undamieCinos, _ aseTia avtoris pozicia. kidev ufro metad ararealuriaSereul wyvetilze da Sereul brZanebiTze, rogorc damoukidebel mwkri-15

vebze, saubari, radgan `ararsebul formaTa paradigmis realur mwkrivadgamocxadeba da sistemaSi misTvis adgilis miCena gaWirdeba...~ (gogolaSvili1988: 120).dasasruls, g. gogolaSvilis mier warmodgenil mwkrivTa sistemaSiII seria ase gamoiyureba:II seria1. wyvetili2. II xolmeobiTi3. II kavSirebiTi4. Sereuli kavSirebiTicxadia, aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb TvalsazrisTa siWrelesa daaraerTgvarovnebas TviT im masalis siZvele da mravalferovneba ganapirobebs,romlis safuZvelzec mwkrivTa sistemis ageba xdeba. magram l.helmslevis lingvistur TeoriaSi empirizmis principis upirvelesi punqtiaswored iseTi kvleva, romelic Tavisufalia winaaRmdegobebisagan.Cvens konkretul SemTxvevaSi amgvar winaaRmdegobaTagan Tavis daRwevisgzad sawarmoebeli fuZis principiT xelmZRvaneloba da am mimarTulebiTmsjelobis warmarTva gvesaxeba. viTvaliswinebT ra qarTul saenaTmecnieroliteraturaSi sayovelTaod miRebul ganmartebebs mwkrivisa da fu-Zis Sesaxeb, marTebulad miviCnevT g. gogolaSvilis azrs da Zveli qar-Tuli enis uRlebis sistemaSi II seriad zemoT aRniSnul CamonaTvals moviazrebT.3. II seriis mwkrivTa raodenoba axal qarTulSiena droSi mudmivad cvalebadi cocxali organizmia. enis bunebriviganviTarebis kanonzomieri Sedegia mis gramatikul struqturaSi mimdinarecvlilebebi, rac yvelaze metad zmnaSi aisaxeba.Zveli qarTulidan moyolebuli qarTuli zmnis sistemam garkveuligardaqmna ganicada. zmnur kategoriebSi momxdari cvlilebebi, upirvelesyovlisa, uRlebis sistemas Seexo da sauRlebel erTeulTa ricxvi ramdenadmeSeamcira. kerZod, xolmeobiTis kategoriis gaqrobam am semanti-16

kis matarebeli mwkrivebi warsuls Caabara. Tu Zvel qarTulSi am kategoriasmniSvnelovani adgili ukavia da sakuTari mwkrivebic aqvs, axal saliteraturoqarTuls aRar moeZeveba aRniSnuli mwkrivebi, Tumca, dialeqtebSiisini aqa-iq SemorCa.axali qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistemis II seriis mwkrivTa raodenobisSesaxeb saenaTmecniero literaturaSi ramdenime gansxvavebuliTvalsazrisia.1930 wels gamocemul `qarTul gramatikaSi~ a. SaniZe sauRlebelerTeulTa aseT sqemas warmoadgens:I seria II seria III seriaa) awmyos wre1. awmyo2. namyo uwyveteli3. I kavSirebiTib) myofadis wre4. myobadi5. pirobiTi6. I kavSirebiTi7. namyo wyvetili8. namyo xolmeobiTi9. brZanebiTi (II subieqturipirisa mxolodda isic war-TqmiTad)10. II kavSirebiTi11. I TurmeobiTi12. II TurmeobiTi13. III kavSirebiTi(SaniZe 1930: 151).`qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebSi~ warmodgenil sistemaSi terminebidazustebulia:I seria II seria III seriaa) awmyos wre1. awmyo2. uwyveteli3. awmyos kavSirebiTib) myofadis wre4. myofadi5. xolmeobiTi6. myofadis kavSirebiTi7. wyvetili8. brZanebiTi9. II xolmeobiTi10. II kavSirebiTi11. I TurmeobiTi12. II TurmeobiTi13. III kavSirebiTi(SaniZe 1953: 224-226).17

aRniSnul gamocemebSi II xolmeobiTi (namyo xolmeobiTi _ 1930) damoukidebelmwkrivadaa warmodgenili, Tumca, axlavs SeniSvna: `axal qar-TulSi es dro TiTqmis sul gadavarda. igi zogierTi mwerlis nawarmoeb-Si-Ra gvxvdeba (mag. r. erisTavisaSi, vaJa-fSavelasaSi) da agreTve zogierTkuTxesa da am kuTxis xalxur poeziaSi~ (SaniZe 1930: 152).II brZanebiTze avtori SeniSnavs, rom es mwkrivi mxolod kiloebSiaSemonaxuli da isic mxolod III pirisaTvis. a. SaniZes saskolo gramatika-Si ukve aRar aqvs Setanili II brZanebiTi da II xolmeobiTi, amitomac IIseria aq ukve ori mwkriviTaa warmodgenili, esenia: wyvetili da II kavSirebiTi.arn. Ciqobava `qarTuli enis zogad daxasiaTebaSi~ dro-kiloTa sistemassam seriad warmoadgens:pirveli wyeba (seria): 1. awmyo (zrdis). 2. namyo usruli (zrdida) → 3. kav-SirebiTi pirv. (zrdides). 4. myofadi (gazrdis) →5. pirobiTi (gazrdida).meore wyeba (seria): 6. namyo ZiriTadi (zarda) → 7. kavSirebiTi meore(zardos)mesame wyeba (seria): 8. TurmeobiTi pirveli (uzrdia). 9. TurmeobiTi meore(ezarda) → 10. kavSirebiTi mesame (ezardos)(Ciqobava 1950: 062).avtorma mogvianebiT kidev erTi mwkrivi Seitana uRlebis sistemaSida pirobiT kavSirebiTi uwoda. e. i. arn. Ciqobavaseuli sistema TerTmetimwkriviTaa warmodgenili, romelTagan ori II serias miekuTvneba, esenia:wyvetili da II kavSirebiTi (Ciqobava 1967: 50).g. gogolaSvili axali qarTulisaTvis uRlebis sistemas rva erTeuladwarmoadgens. mkvlevari ar iziarebs I seriaSi ori wris gamoyofas,Sesabamisad, awmyosa da myofadis, uwyvetlisa da xolmeobiTis, awmyoskavSirebiTisa da myofadis kavSirebiTis damoukidebel mwkrivebad miCnevas.amgvari dayofa, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, a. SaniZiseulia da dReisa-Tvis sayovelTaod miRebuli.avtori msjelobs: awmyos da myofads, uwyvetelsa da xolmeobiTs,awmyos kavSirebiTsa da myofadis kavSirebiTs formobrivad zmniswiniganasxvavebs, xolo semantikurad _ mwkrivis farglebSi ucvalebel ele-18

mentebad wodebuli dro, kilo, aspeqti, gzisoba, aqti, Tanamdevroba. avtoriSeadarebs erTmaneTs aRniSnul mwkrivebs da aRmoCndeba, rom awmyosada myofads Soris mxolod drouli da aspeqtobrivi dapirispirebaa.uwyvetels xolmeobiTisagan ki mxolod aspeqti ganasxvavebs. aseTive vi-Tarebaa awmyos kavSirebiTisa da myofadis kavSirebiTis SemTxvevaSi. amor mwkrivs Soris ar arsebobs arsebiTi sxvaoba, garda imisa, rom awmyoskavSirebiTs zogjer axlandeli drois gagebac axlavs. e. i. uRlebis kategoriebadcnobil mwkrivis elementTagan droa mxolod awmyosa da myofadisdamoukidebel mwkrivebad aRiarebis safuZveli, rac Seexeba danar-Cen mwkrivebs, maTTvis aseTi safuZveli aspeqtia, magram aspeqti, rogorccnobilia, aris warmoqmnis kategoria da is aseT funqcias ver Seasrulebs.logikuria kiTxva, rasac mkvlevari svams: aris dro da kilo saer-Tod morfologiuri kategoria? pasuxi erTia da Seuvali: dro da kiloar aris morfologiuri kategoria, radgan: 1. ar xdeba maTi gamoxatva morfologiurad.2. mwkrivis formas droul Tu kilour mniSvnelobas konteqstianiWebs anu romelime mwkrivis erTi da igive forma sxvadasxvakonteqstSi sxvadasxva droul Tu kilour Sinaarss iZens. e. i. dro dakilo ar aris ucvalebeli mwkrivis farglebSi, amitom `dro da kilo araris morfologiuri kategoria. Sesabamisad: erTi nakvTis formaTa meorisaganganmasxvaveblad ver miviCnevT e. w. `mwkrivis elementebs~. nakvTisgansazRvra am elementebis mixedviT ar moxerxdeba~ (gogolaSvili 1988:77). aRniSnuli elementebi mxolod semantikuri kategoriebia, romlebickonteqstisa da intonaciis meSveobiT gamoixateba. amgvarad, g. gogolaSvilimwkrivs ganixilavs, rogorc polisemantikur monacems. dro, kilo,aspeqti, gzisoba, aqti, Tanamdevroba _ es semantikuri kategoriebi qmnianmwkrivis formis mniSvnelobas da amis gamo ama Tu im sauRlebeli erTeulisgamosayofad da saerTod, mwkrivTa sistemis gasawyobad ver vixelmZRvanelebT.amgvar saxelmZRvanelo principad avtors sawarmoebeli fu-Zis principi esaxeba, romelic samecniero literaturaSi n. marma danerga:`ramdenadac nakvTTa gamoyofa da dajgufeba sawarmoebeli fuZis principsemyareba, imden nakvTze unda visaubroT, ramdeni gansxvavebuli fu-Zec arsebobs~ (gogolaSvili 1988: 97). a. SaniZis sqemis mixedviT awmyosada myofadis wris mwkrivTa damoukidebel sauRlebel erTeulebad gamo-19

yofa zmniswinze damyarebul formobriv sxvaobas efuZneba, magram II da IIIseriaSi imave zmniswiniT gansxvavebuli formebi erT mwkrivadaa miCneuli:wers _ awmyo wera uweriawyvetiliI TurmeobiTidawers _ myofadi daweradauweriamkvlevaris azriT, `nakvTTa gamoyofis principi darRveulia: Tu meoreda mesame seriis zmniswiniani da uzmniswino formebi erT nakvTisanebadaamiCneuli, sxvadasxva nakvTis formebad ar unda CaiTvalos werdada dawerda, werdes da dawerdes; anda piriqiT _ sxvadasxva nakvTis formebadunda miviCnioT meore da mesame seriis zmniswiniani da uzmniswinovariantebic (gogolaSvili 1988: 85). e. i. dgeba zmniswinisa da fuZis problema,Sedis Tu ara zmniswini fuZeSi? I seriaSi ori wris gamoyofazmniswins fuZiseulad warmoadgens, II da III seriaSi am elementiT gansxvavebulformaTa erT mwkrivad miCneva ki zmniswins fuZis kuTvnilebadar gaiazrebs. g. gogolaSvili fiqrobs, dasazustebelia fuZis tradiciuliganmarteba, rom zmniswini unda gamoiricxos fuZidan: `nakvTis fuZearis is nawili zmnisa, romelsac CamoSorebuli aqvs zmniswini, pirisa daricxvis niSnebi~ (gogolaSvili 1988: 97). garda amisa, zmniswins ar SeswevsZala erTi mwkrivi meores daupirispiros, gamovlenilia SemTxvevebi,roca uzmniswino formas ara aqvs yovelTvis mxolod awmyos mniSvneloba(moepoveba myofadis gagebac an orive erTad) da zmniswinian formasara aqvs yovelTvis mxolod myofadis gageba (moepoveba awmyos mniSvnelobac,an orive erTad). gamomdinare aqedan, awmyo da myofadi, uwyvetelida xolmeobiTi, awmyos kavSirebiTi da myofadis kavSirebiTi unda CaiTvalosara damoukidebel mwkrivebad, aramed erTi mwkrivis zmniswiniT gansxvavebulvariantebad, romelTa Canacvlebac nebismier konteqstSi iqnebaSesaZlebeli.zemoTmoyvanili fuZis ganmartebisa da sawarmoebeli principidanamosvliT avtori I seriaSi sami mwkrivis gamoyofis momxrea im meTodiT,romliTac II da III seriaSia mwkrivebi dajgufebuli da uRlebis Semdegsqemas gvTavazobs:I seria1-li nakvTi (awmyo-myofadi) _ (zmnisw.) _ akeTebs20

me-2 nakvTi (uwyvetel-xolmeobiTi) _ (zmnisw.) _ akeTebdame-3 nakvTi (I kavSirebiTi) _ (zmnisw.) _ akeTebdesII seriame-4 nakvTi (wyvetili) _ (zmnisw.) _ akeTame-5 nakvTi (II kavSirebiTi) _ (zmnisw.) _ akeTosIII seriame-6 nakvTi (I TurmeobiTi) _ (zmnisw.) _ ukeTebiame-7 nakvTi (II TurmeobiTi) _ (zmnisw.) _ ekeTebiname-8 nakvTi (III kavSirebiTi) _ (zmnisw.) _ ekeTebinosaxali qarTuli zmnis sauRlebel erTeulTa raodenobis Sesaxebgansxvavebuli azri aqvs a. arabuls. aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisi aris mcdelobaim winaaRmdegobebis daZlevisa, romelic Tan axlavs uRlebis sistemaSiurTierTdamoukideblad Catarebul semantikur da formalur analizs.avtori Tavidanve naTels xdis Tavis pozicias, roca uRlebis sistemiserTeulze, mis raobaze msjelobs: `nakvTi gramatikuli formaa,romlis enobrivi warmodgena mniSvnelobis gareSe ar xdeba. formasa damniSvnelobas Soris ganuyofeli erTobaa; maTi dacalkeveba mxolod analizis(abstraqciis) doneze aris SesaZlebeli~ (arabuli 1992: 98). amgvarianalizisas mkvlevari mwkrivis formaTa semantikuri maxasiaTeblebis, semantikurdiferencialur niSanTa (mwkrivis kategoriaTa) doneze cdilobsmwkrivis formaTa realuri enobrivi sazRvrebis dadgenas da amiTTiToeuli mwkrivisaTvis kanonieri adgilis miCenas sistemaSi. emyareba raa. SaniZis mwkrivTa moZRvrebas, avtori gamokveTs amosaval debulebebs: 1.`mwkrivis, rogorc uRlebis paradigmis sruluflebiani wevris, arsebobisaTvisaucilebelia, erTi mxriv, damoukidebeli forma (fuZe) da, meoremxriv, damoukidebeli gramatikuli Sinaarsi (kategoria an kategoriaTajami). amaTgan mxolod erT-erTis arseboba ar aris sakmarisi damoukidebelmwkrivad miCnevisaTvis...~ 2. `mwkrivis formad (fuZed) moiazreba zmnisyvela morfologiuri elementis erToblioba, garda erTi mwkrivis farglebSicvalebadi gramatikuli elementebisa, e. i. pirisa da ricxvisniSnebisa. fuZis Semadgenel am elementTa rigSi, cxadia, zmniswins Tavisikanonieri adgili ekuTvnis. amave dros, ar aris aucilebeli, mwkrivismniSvnelobis Semqmnel yovel semantikur kategorias damoukidebeli mo-21

fologiuri niSani Seesabamebodes. arsebul elementTa damoukidebelikombinacia TavisTavad ukve warmoadgens axal gramatikul niSans~. 3.`mwkrivis gramatikuli Sinaarsi warmoadgens kombinacias, jams calkeulikategoriebisa, anu semantikuri niSnebisas (imave _ `diferencialuri niSnebisas~).4. `mwkrivis damoukidebel arsebobas ganapirobebs an calke, sakuTrivisemantikuri (`diferencialuri~) niSani, anac _ amgvar niSanTadamoukidebeli kombinacia~. 5. `mwkrivis semantikuri niSani unda ganisazRvrose. w. `neitralur konteqstSi~ (arabuli 1999: 44-45).`neitralur konteqstSi~ igulisxmeba zmnuri Sesityvebis minimalurimonakveTi, romelic koordinaciis farglebSi Tavsdeba, xolo konteqstiufro vrceli enobrivi monakveTia, romelic koordinaciis farglebsmiRma rCeba. amgvar `neitralur konteqstSia~, avtoris azriT, SesaZlebelimwkrivis kategoriis maqsimalurad obieqturi sazRvrebis dadgena.formisa da Sinaarsis erTianobis principidan gamomdinare, avtoriuRlebis erTeulTa klasifikaciis problemas am diqotomiis Wrilidanxedavs: formaluri TvalsazrisiT, zmniswinis rolisa da adgilis garkvevauRlebis sistemis agebaSi, semantikuri mxridan, aspeqtis kategoriisadgili da mniSvneloba am sistemis CamoyalibebaSi aris ZiriTadi sakiTxi,romlis garkvevac mkvlevars gansazRvrul daskvnebs gamoataninebs.a. arabuli zmniswins fuZis Semadgenel elementad moiazrebs. racSeexeba aspeqts, is kritikulad gadasinjavs tradiciul klasifikaciaszmnuri kategoriebisas da SesaZleblad miiCnevs, uRlebis sistemasTan mimarTebiTisini sam jgufad dayos (nacvlad ori jgufisa _ uRlebisa dawarmoqmnisa): pirvel jgufSi gaerTiandeba uRlebis srul paradigmazemcire, anu mwkrivis masStabis kategoriebi _ piri da ricxvi, romelTacar ZaluZT, gavlena moaxdinon sistemis agebaze. meore jgufSi Seva paradigmatulikategoriebi, romlebic uSualod monawileoben sistemis agebaSi,xolo mesame jgufs Seadgenen warmoqmnis kategoriebi, romelTa mixedviTaczmnuri formis cvlileba axali damoukidebeli paradigmatulisistemis warmoqmnas ganapirobebs. am ukanasknel unars moklebulia aspeqti,amitom, avtoris azriT, igi aris ara warmoqmnis, aramed paradigmatulikategoria, romelic droisa da kilos kategoriebTan erTad uSualodmonawileobs uRlebis sistemis organizebaSi. a. arabuli aspeqts22

ganixilavs rTul kategoriad, romelic sam qvesistemas aerTianebs, esenia:sruli _ usruli, wyvetili _ uwyveteli, SedegobiTi _ araSedegobi-Ti. am sami paradigmatuli kategoriis _ drois, kilos, aspeqtis _ meSveobiTavtori mwkrivTa sistemis TiToeul wevrs damoukidebeli gramatikuliSinaarsiT warmogvidgens: `am sistemis (nakvTeulTa) yvela wevri damoukidebelisemantikuri niSniT warmodgeba. nakvTis ZiriTad mniSvneloba-Si damoukidebeli semantikuri niSani misi enobrivi arsebobis ganmsazRvrelipirobaa. amitomac yoveli semantikuri niSnis cvla (formiscvlasTan erTad) uflebas gvaZlevs gamovyoT calke zmnuri erTeuli, damoukidebelienobrivi odenoba~ (arabuli 1992: 117). mere ki mTel paradigmatulsistemas formaluri (zmniswinis fuZiseul elementad gamocxadeba)da semantikuri (`diferencialur niSanTa kona~) maxasiaTeblebis ga-TvaliswinebiT Semdegi saxiT gvTavazobs:# mwkrivis forma semantikuri (`dif.~) niSani1. xatavs TxrobiTi + awmyo2. xatavda TxrobiTi + warsuli + uwyveteli3. xatavdes kavSirebiTi + [awmyo] + usruli4. daxatavs TxrobiTi + momavali5. daxatavda kavSirebiTi + [warsuli] + sruli6. daxatavdes kavSrebiTi + [momavali] + sruli7. xata TxrobiTi + warsuli + usruli8. daxata TxrobiTi + warsuli + sruli9. xatos kavSirebiTi + [awmyo/momavali]+ usruli10. daxatos kavSirebiTi + [momavali] + sruli11. uxatavs TxrobiTi + warsuli + usruli + SedegobiTi12. dauxatavs TxrobiTi + warsuli + sruli + SedegobiTi13. exata kavSirebiTi + warsuli + usruli + SedegobiTi14. daexata kavSirebiTi + warsuli + sruli + SedegobiTi15. exatos `................................................~16. daexatos `................................................~23

mkvlevari mwkrivebs ar moixseniebs tradiciuli saxelwodebebiT,radgan `neitraluri konteqstiT~ moxazavs ra TiToeuli mwkrivis funqcionaluriniSnis CarCoebs, `diferencialur niSanTa konas~, mwkrivisZveli saxelwodeba SeusabamobaSi aRmoCndeba mis namdvil gramatikul SinaarsTan.magaliTad, `daxatavda~, a. SaniZis mixedviT, `xolmeobiT-SedegobiTia~,avtori mas miiCnevs ara xolmeobiTad, aramed kavSirebiTi kilosformad. aseve, `exata~ da `daexata~ _ istoriulad TxrobiTi kilosII TurmeobiTis formebi Tanamedrove qarTulSi kavSirebiTi kilos funqciasufro atareben. axal qarTulSi II TurmeobiTi semantikuri maxasia-TeblebiT sruliad daemTxva III kavSirebiTis gramatikul Sinaarss, ramaces ukanaskneli ufunqcio erTeulad, erTgvar rudimentad aqcia. avtorsSesaZleblad miaCnia, `exatos~, `daexatos~ formebi aRar iqnas gaTvaliswinebulimwkrivTa sistemaSi, rogorc damoukidebeli mwkrivebi. amas-Tanave, zmniswiniT gansxvavebuli formebis damoukidebel mwkrivebadgamoyofamac gaarTula maTTvis tradiciuli saxelwodebebis datoveba.`vvaraudobT, rom zmnis uRlebis sruli sistema (paradigma) TanamedroveqarTulSi warmodgenilia 16 sauRlebeli erTeulis (mwkrivis)saxiT. amas adasturebs rogorc formobrivi mxare _ mwkrivis fuZis ga-Tvaliswineba, ise gansakuTrebiT, sauRlebel erTeulTa aRwera Semadgenelisemantikuri elementebis (`diferencialuri niSnebis~) principiT~(arabuli 1999: 52). _ aseTia avtoris daskvna aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb.vfiqrobT, amgvari midgoma, _ zmniswinis fuZiseulad gamocxadeba, _garkveul winaaRmdegobas Seqmnis da upasuxod datovebs kiTxvas imis Sesaxeb,Tu ratom ar Seswevs yovelTvis maaspeqtebeli Zala fuZis elementadgamocxadebul zmniswins. `qris~ _ `daqris~ zmnur formebs ver miviCnevTdamoukidebel enobriv odenobebad, radgan TiToeul maTgans ar gaaCniadamoukidebeli `diferencialur niSanTa kona~ arc dro-kilouri daarc aspeqtobrivi (Tavisi qvesistemebiT) TvalsazrisiT. Sesabamisad, vercII seriaSi oTxi sauRlebeli erTeulis gamoyofas davuWerT mxars da Semdgomikvlevisas davemyarebiT tradiciul azrs, romelic Tanamedrovezmnis dro-kiloTa II serias wyvetilisa da II kavSirebiTis saxiT warmogvidgens.24

4. II seriis mwkrivTa raodenoba saSual qarTulSiwinamdebare mimoxilvaSi vsaubrobdiT mwkrivTa raodenobis SesaxebZvelsa da axal saliteraturo qarTulSi. radganac kvlevis obieqtad IIseria avirCieT qarTuli samwerlobo enis ganviTarebis im etapze, romelsacpirobiTad saSuals vuwodebT, CvenTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba hqondaZveli da axali enis monacemebs, raTa naTlad warmoCeniliyo saSualqarTulSi II seriis mwkrivTa sistemis warmoebis suraTi. kerZod, aRniSnuliseriis sauRlebel erTeulTa raodenobis TvalsazrisiT, saSualiqarTuli mihyveba Zvel qarTuls Tu axali qarTulis msgavsad, orimwkriviTaa igi warmodgenili.rogorc iTqva, axal saliteraturo enas Zveli sistemis II seriismwkrivTagan mxolod wyvetili da II kavSirebiTi SemorCa. II xolmeobiTida Sereuli kavSirebiTi martooden dialeqtebma Tu Semogvinaxes. rac SeexebasaSual qarTuls, igi erTmniSvnelovnad uWers mxars Zvels dawarmoaCens II serias im saxiT, rogoradac mas Zveli qarTuli icnobs.masala, romelzedac kvlevas vawarmoebdiT, Tematurad mravalferovaniada vrceli. igi moicavs Zveli qarTuli literaturis sakmaod didperiods dawyebuli XII saukunidan XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijniT damTavrebuli.gamoyenebuli gvaqvs sasuliero da saero xasiaTis Txzulebani, istoriuliJanris nawarmoebebi, istoriuli dokumentebi, lapidaruli warwerebi,arqeologiuri masalebi, iuridiuli xasiaTis Zeglebi, gvaqvsmxatvruli dokumenturi prozis nimuSebic.unda aRiniSnos, rom wyvetili da II kavSirebiTi iyo yvela ZeglSi,II xolmeobiTis formebic aseve TiTqmis yvelgan Segvxvda, dasavleT saqarTveloslapidarul warwerebsa da samxreT saqarTveloSi arqeologiurieqspediciis mier aRmoCenil masalebSi aRniSnuli mwkrivi ar Segvxvedria.vfiqrobT, es Janris specifikam da Tavad masalis simcirem Seapiroba.rac Seexeba Sereul kavSirebiTs (Sereul xolmeobiTs), am mwkrivisformebi mxolod istoriuli Janris ZeglSi dafiqsirda, kerZod, `qar-Tlis cxovrebis~ Zveli ciklis TxzulebebSi. esenia: leonti mrovelis`cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTa~, da leonti mrovelisave `ninos mier qar-Tlis moqceva~. aqve SevniSnavT, rom Sereuli kavSirebiTis Cven mier moZi-25

ebuli formebi konteqstis mixedviT xolmeobiTis Sinaarsisaa da SesaZloa,maT Sereuli xolmeobiTi vuwodoT.I. wyvetili1. wyvetilis warmoeba Zvel qarTulSiwyvetili II seriis ZiriTadi wkrivia. maszea dafuZnebuli am seriisdanarCeni mwkrivebi. es aris erT-erTi im mwkrivTagani, romlebic qarTulizmnis uRlebis istoriul saZirkvels qmnian.ergatiuli konstruqciis problemaze msjelobisas arn. Ciqobavawyvetilis morfologiur odenobad Camoyalibebis procesze saubrobs,Tu rodis SeiZleboda misi, rogorc drois aRmniSvnel gramatikul erTeulad,formireba. misi azriT, wyvetilis Camoyalibeba im drois movlenaa,roca zmnis uRleba ara drois, aramed aspeqtis cvlaSi mdgomareobda.iyo ori aspeqti: diuratiuli (gangrZobiTi) da momentobrivi (wertilebrivi)da Sesabamisad ori dro: permansivi (xolmeobiTi) da aoristi (namyoZiriTadi). xolmeobiTis mwkriviT gadmoicemoda diuratiuli aspeqti, xolomomentobriv aspeqts namyo ZiriTadi gamoxatavda. Semdgomi evoluciisprocesSi momentobrivi aspeqtis gadmomcemi namyo ZiriTadi gaxda warsuldroTa Soris ZiriTadi (Ciqobava 1943: 92).wyvetilis warmoebaze msjelobisas wina planze wamoiwevs mwkrivisada piris niSanTa sakiTxi. warmoebis tips mwkrivis niSnis mqonebloba gansazRvravs.aRniSnuli mwkrivis formaTa umetesobas mawarmoeblad -e sufiqsimoudis. aseT formebs -e bolosarTian wyvetils uwodeben. es ukanasknelizmnis formas mxolod I-II pirebSi aqvs, III pirSi xmovnis Semcvel pirisniSanTa gavleniT ikargeba, III pirSi igi brZanebiTis formebs gamoaCndeba.-e sufiqsis pirvelsaxed -ev formants miiCnevs arn. Ciqobava (Ciqobava1967: 49). n. mari am ukanasknels esva zmnis spirantul saxeobasTan akav-Sirebs (mari 1925: 124), rasac ar iziarebs arn. Ciqobava (Ciqobava 1926: 303).26

-e sufiqsis -ev sufiqsisagan momdinareobas mxars uWers g. rogava.qarTuli dialeqtebisa da megrulis masalebze dayrdnobiT mkvlevari daaskvnis,rom -ev sufiqsidanaa warmomdgari wyvetilis (da II kavSirebiTis)-e bolosarTi (rogava 1945).v. Tofuria ar iziarebs Tvalsazriss -e-s -ev formantidan warmomavlobisSesaxeb. mkvlevars amgvari mtkicebisaTvis mTavar dabrkolebadesaxeba is garemoeba, rom -e sufiqsis savaraudo arqetipi -*ev ar Cans namyodrois mwkrivTa formebSi, romelTac warmoebis tipi aerTianebs. wyvetilSi,uwyvetelSi, I TurmeobiTSi, II TurmeobiTSi gamovlenili `namyossaerTo niSani~ -e zemoaRniSnul Tvalsazriss ver dauWers mxars (Tofuria1955: 459). v. Tofuria ar iZleva -e niSnis ZiriTadi funqciis dazustebas.igi verc drois gamomxatvel formantad moiazrebs mas, radgan isdrois kategoriis Camoyalibebamde iyo gamoyenebuli wyvetilSi. f. erTeliSvilivaraudobs, rom -e sufiqsi warmoSobiT momentobrivi aspeqtisniSania (erTeliSvili 1956: 312).-e bolosarTis SesaZlo pirvelsaxed -ev-s miiCnevs iv. qavTaraZec.mkvlevaris mier Seswavlili XII-XVIII saukuneebis werilobiTi Zeglebicxadyofen, rom -ev sufiqsi sistemebr ixmareboda `yvela saxeobis namyo-Si: namyo wyvetilSi (aoristSi: Sev-rT-ev), namyo uwyvetelSi (Sev-rT-ev-d)da meore TurmeobiTSi (See-rT-ev)... namyo wyvetilSi -ev sufiqsi saSualiqarTulis werilobiTi Zeglebis mixedviT, erTvis TiTqmis yvela im zmnas,romelic Zvelsa da axal saliteraturo qarTulSi martooden -e daboloebiTaris cnobili (davagd-e, davuTm-e; davagd-ev(i), davuTm-ev(i))~ (qav-TaraZe 1973: 30, 33). avtori aRniSnavs, rom `Zvel qarTulSi -ev Zalze iSviaTia,Tumca ivaraudeba yvela im zmnaSi, romelTac mx. ricxvis mesame pir-Si -o moudis~ (qavTaraZe 1973: 33).-e niSnis genezisis amgvar gaazrebas nawilobriv mxars uWers g. gogolaSvili.saxeldobr, -ev formantidan momdinared Tvlis im -e sufiqss,romelic Zveli qarTulis odenTanxmovnian, umarcvlo sayrdeni morfemismqone zmnebTan gvxvdeba (aviRe ← *aviR-ev, vsZl-e ← *vsZl-ev, ganvatf-e ←*ganvatf-ev), anu im zmnebTan, romelTac subieqtur mesame pirSi mx. ricxv-Si -o niSani aqvs. avtoris azriT, amgvari zmnebi uniSnoni unda yofiliyvnenistoriulad. gansxvavebul odenobad miiCnevs im -e sufiqss, romelic27

marcvlovani, arareducirebadi xmovnis Semcveli sayrdeni morfemis mqonezmnebTan dasturdeba (ganvasrul-e, warvi-yvan-e, dav-wer-e), anu im zmneb-Tan, romelTac subieqtis mesame piris niSnad -a moudis mx. ricxvSi (gogolaSvili1985: 137-138).uniSno an nulovan wyvetiladaa cnobili iseTi formebi, romelTacmwkrivis aranairi niSani ar moepoveba. varaudoben, rom am tipis zmnebiqarTuli enis morfologiis uZvelesi fenebidan unda momdinareobdnen~(imnaiSvili... 1996: 163).wyvetilis amgvari formebis gverdiT ukve Zvelsave qarTulSigvxvdeba -i bolosarTiani wyvetilic. samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuliaazri, rom aRniSnuli sufiqsi fonetikur niadagzea gaCenili damwkrivis niSnad misi gamoyeneba meoreuli movlenaa. a. SaniZe sufiqsianda uniSno vnebiTebze msjelobisas vnebiTi gvaris formebSi dadasturebul-i mwkrivis niSans narTauli -i-dan momdinared Tvlis: `es i, Tu istoriuladganvixilavT mas, arsebiTad narTauli xmovania, magram ismkvidrad Sesulia zmnis sistemaSi da mwkrivis niSnad aris qceuli~ (SaniZe1980: 450). `igi pirvelad damkvidrda iseT zmnebSi, romelTac fuZisbolos d hqondaT. upirveles yovlisa, esaa yvela doniani vnebiTi (davberd-i,ganvmarTld-i, Sevzrund-i, warvwymd-i, ganvwmd-i...)~ (imnaiSvili...1996: 163). I da II subieqtur pirebSi mravlobiTobis -T sufiqsis darTvisSedegad iqmneboda fonetikurad Zneli bgeraTkompleqsi. aq ukve `T sufiqsiswina Tanxmovnisagan xmovniT gayofis aucilebloba gaCnda: movediT,davsxediT... aqedan is gadatanil iqna mxolobiTSi pirvelsa da meorepirSi~ (Ciqobava 1926: 319). mxolobiTis formebSi mis damkvidrebas xolmeobiTisanalogiurma warmoebam Seuwyo xeli, sadac permansiuli -i morfologiurodenobas warmoadgens (Ciqobava 1929: 113). `SemdegSi am meoreulmai-m TandaTanobiT gaafarTova moqmedebis asparezi: pirvel xanebSidonianTa garda sxva gardauval zmnebsac daerTo (vnebiTsa da saSuals),SemdegSi ki moqmedebiTSic gavrcelda. dRes i sufiqsi e-sTan erTad wyvetilismwkrivis niSania (imnaiSvili... 1996: 163).rogorc am ukanaskneli amonarididan irkveva, `movediT~, `davsxediT~tipis zmnebSi fonetikur niadagze gaCenili -i gaTanabrebulia `davberdi~tipis -d sufiqsian vnebiTebSi gamovlenil -i elementTan.28

saliteraturo enaSi narTauli -i-s gaCenas IX saukunidan varaudobsz. sarjvelaZe. wyvetilisaTvis moxmobil sailustracio masalaSiavtori `movedi~, `aRvdegi~ formaTa gverdiT -e prefiqsiani da -d sufiqsianivnebiTi gvaris zmnebsac warmoadgens (`daveci~, `movakldi~, `daeci~)(sarjvelaZe 1984: 440-441), rac imaze mianiSnebs, rom mkvlevarisaTvis fonetikurniadagze gaCenili -i da vnebiTis xsenebul formebSi gamovlenili-i bolosarTi erTi da igive odenobaa.`Wanuris gramatikul analizSi~ arn. Ciqobava SeniSnavs: `aoristises -i sxvadasxva zmnasTan sxvadasxvagvari warmoSobis SeiZleba iyos; undaganvasxvavoT: a) -i, romelic namyo xolmeobiTs awarmoebs (gavakeTi, gaakeTi,gaakeTis man); b) -i, romelic TanxmovanTa kompleqsebSi iqna gamoyenebuliTanxmovanTa gasayarad (moved _ moved-i-T, movkued _ movkued-i-T);g) namyo xolmeobiTis -i erTgvari saanalogio baza unda yofiliyo. magramfonetikuri xelisSemwyobi garemoc mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda:Zv. qarTulSi amgvars SemTxvevaSi -i ukve damkvidrebulia, sxvagan ki, sadacaxla vxedavT -i-s, igi jer arsada Cans, anda sporaduladRa gvxvdeba.mxolod analogias miewereba -i iseTs zmnebSi, rogoricaa vTqvi (Zv. qarT.vTqu, vTqÂ). am tipis aorists istoriulad araviTari mawarmoebeli ar undahqonoda~ (Ciqobava 1936: 133).II xolmeobiTidan momdinared miiCnevs -d-sufiqsian da uniSno vnebi-TebSi arsebul -i bolosarTs b. jorbenaZec: `gavTb-i, davberd-i warmoSobiTII xolmeobiTis formebia, magram axla wyvetilis (namyo ZiriTadis)funqciiT gamoiyenebian. es saerTod damaxasiaTebeli Cans sufiqsiani damesame tipis (uniSno) vnebiTisaTvis.namyo ZiriTadi: ganv-tef (axla: gav-Tb-i), Se-v-ceb (axla: Se-v-cb-i),das-cxer (axla: da-cxr-i) da a. S.meore xolmeobiTi: gan-v-tf-i (III p. gan-tf-i-s), Se-v-cb-i (III p. Se-cbi-s),da-s-cxr-i (III p. da-cxr-i-s) da a. S.~ (jorbenaZe 1975: 133).avtori varaudobs, rom aseTi formebis gavrceleba SesaZlebelia imdroidan, roca II xolmeobiTma, rogorc damoukidebelma mwkrivma, enaSimoSla iwyo.29

aSkaraa, arn. Ciqobava da b. jorbenaZe `davberdi~, `vTqÂ~ tipis formaTa-i elements ganarCeven `movkali~, `movedi~ formebSi arsebuli narTaulixmovnisagan da maT sxvadasxva warmomavlobisad moiazreben.sakiTxis amgvarad dasmas marTebulad miiCnevs g. gogolaSvili. TunarTauli -i-s warmomavloba fonetikurma faqtorma ganapiroba da igi moklebuliamorfologiur funqcias, amas ver vityviT `davberdi~ tipiszmnis -i mwkrivis mawarmoebelze. Tu `movkali~ tipis formaSi -i elementismwkrivis niSnad qcevaze Tvalis gadevneba SesaZlebelia, `davberdi~tipis zmnebSi -i sufiqsis genezisi bundovania. igi Zveli samwerlobo ZeglebismixedviT wyvetilis mwkrivis erTaderTi alomorfia d-sufiqsianvnebiTebSi da nulTan ar monacvleobs, narTauli xmovnisgan gansxvavebiT.g. gogolaSvili samarTlianad SeniSnavs: `sxvagvari viTareba Cansdonian vnebiTebSi. Zvel qarTulSi donian vnebiTTa I da II piris formarogorc mravlobiTSi, aseve mxolobiTSi sistematurad -i elements dair-Tavs. amis gamo gaWirdeboda `movkali~ tipis zmnaSi dadasturebul -ielementTan misi gatoleba~ (gogolaSvili 1985: 69-70).rac Seexeba am ukanasknelis II xolmeobiTidan momdinareobas, avtorses varaudi naklebad sarwmunod esaxeba: `Zvelsave qarTulSi `davberdi~tipis formebSi -i yovelTvisaa warmodgenili. xolmeobiTis kategoriisarsebobis periodSi `davberdi~ tipis formaTa regularulma damowmebamSeiZleba sxvagvarad dasvas -i elementis genezisis sakiTxi, saeWvogaxados misi xolmeobiTis -i sufiqsTan kavSiri~ (gogolaSvili 1984:40).Cven vemyarebiT Tvalsazriss, romlis mixedviTac Zvel qarTul saliteraturoenaSi wyvetilis mwkrivis mawarmoebelTagan oTxi damoukidebeliformantia warmodgenili. esenia: a) yvelaze gavrcelebuli -e sufiqsi(davwer-e); b) -ev formantidan momdinare -e bolosarTi (aviR-e ←aviR-ev); g) fonetikur niadagze gaCenili -i narTauli xmovani, romelicmonacvleobs nulovan alomorfTan (movkal-(i)); d) -i niSani, romelic wyvetilismwkrivis erTaderTi mawarmoebelia d-sufiqsiani da zogi saSualida vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi (davberd-i, vrwmen-i, davec-i).saTanado literaturaSi vxvdebiT aRniSnuli mwkrivis niSanTa ganawilebisasgarkveuli wesrigis dadgenis cdas. iv. da v. imnaiSvilebi30

mwkrivis am mawarmoebel elementTa gamovlenis faqtebs I seriis formaTada gvaris kategoriis gaTvaliswinebiT aRnusxaven da maT mkacrad gansazRvrulSemTxvevebad miiCneven. amis mixedviT,1. uniSno (nuliani) wyvetili aqvsa) am, em of TemisniSnian zmnebsdavab-am davabmivsc-em mivecvhy-of vyavb) zog av, i da ob TemisniSnian zmnas, saxeldobr, iseTebs, romel-Tac fuZe ekumSebaT:vkl-av movkal (Sdr. mokl-a)vxrwn-i ganvxrwen (Sdr. ganxrwn-a)Sevipyr-ob Sevipyar (Sdr. Seipyr-a)2. -e bolosarTiani wyvetili aqvsa) yvela uTemisniSno zmnas:vwer vwer-evtex vtex-eb) fuZedrekad zmnebs:vdrek vdrik-evSret vSrit-eg) eb TemisniSnian zmnebs (oriodes gamoklebiT)vaq-eb vaq-evixar-eb vixar-ed) ev TemisniSnian zmnebs:vakurTx-ev vakurTx-evsZl-ev vsZl-ee) zog av, i da ob TemisniSnian zmnas, saxeldobr, iseTebs, romel-Tac fuZe ar ekumSebaT:vixil-av vixil-evTxr-i vTxar-evatf-ob ganvatf-e3. iniani wyvetili aqvsa) gardamaval zmnaTagan erTs: ganrcxa31

) donian vnebiTebs:davberd-iganvZlierd-ig) zog saSuali da vnebiTi gvaris zmnas:davec-iganver-ivhrwmen-i (imnaiSvili... 1996: 152-154).unda iTqvas, Temis niSanTa, ama Tu im gvaris formaTa da kidev IIseriaSi fuZis kumSva-ukumSvelobaze Tvalis gadevneba mwkrivis mawarmoebelTaganawilebaSi garkveuli wesrigis danaxvas arTulebs. Tu imasacgaviTvaliswinebT, rom II seria yvelaze Zvelia, sxva seriaTa mwkrivebi mereaCamoyalibebuli II seriis bazaze, ufro damajereblad SeiZleba iTqvas,rom uRlebis sistemaSi erT-erTi uZvelesi mwkrivis warmoebis tipisgansazRvrisas ararelevanturia I seriis formaTa gaTvaliswineba _ amaTu im Temis niSanTa mqonebloba ver Seapirobebs wyvetilis warmoebistips.naSromSi `namyos saxeobaTa saerTo niSnisaTvis qarTulSi~ v. TofuriafuZis struqturaze saubrobs. mwkrivis ama Tu im mawarmoeblis gamovlenadamokidebulia imaze, fuZe marcvlovania Tu umarcvlo, marcvlovanTaganki _ kumSvadi Tu ukumSveli: `uniSnos SeuZlia dairTos ufunqcio-i. aseTi zmnebi raodenobiT mcirea. maTi fuZe an umarcvloa, an kum-Svadia. -e sufiqsiT iwarmoeba fuZekumSvadi zmnebi~ (Tofuria 1955: 453).am mosazrebas aviTarebs Semdgomi kvlevisas g. gogolaSvili. is ufroazustebs amosaval viTarebas da ambobs: mwkrivis niSanTa ganawilebisasarsebiTi mniSvneloba ara mTlianad fuZes, aramed sayrden morfemas eni-Weba... namyo ZiriTadis warmoebis tips Zvel qarTulSi sayrdeni morfemisstruqtura gansazRvravs (gogolaSvili 1985: 70). sayrdenia is morfema,romelsac uSualod daerTvis mwkrivis niSnebi; sayrdeni morfema am SemTxvevaSiSeiZleba iyos Zireuli an sufiqsuri.avtoris dakvirvebiT, `uniSnod (resp. -i elementiT) iwarmoebs namyoZiriTads umarcvlo da reducirebadi xmovnis Semcveli sayrdeni morfemiszmnebi~ (gogolaSvili 1985: 71).32

a) sayrdeni morfema umarcvloa:Seva-b-Ø davber-d-iSea-b-Ødahber-d-iSeva-b-Ø-T davber-d-i-TSea-b-Ø-T dahber-d-i-Tb) sayrdeni morfema nulTan monacvle xmovnis Semcvelia:Sev-Txaz-Ø ganv-kac-en-Ø dav-wer-en-ØSes-Txaz-Ø ganh-kac-en-Ø das-wer-en-ØSe-Txz-a gan-kac-n-a da-wer-n-aSev-Txaz-Ø-T ganv-kac-en-(i)-T dav-wer-en-(i)-TSes-Txaz-Ø-T ganh-kac-en-(i)-T das-wer-en-(i)-TSe-Txz-es gan-kac-n-es da-wer-n-esg) sayrdeni morfemiseuli xmovani nawilobriv reduqcias ganicdis:v-Tqu-Ødav-wu-Øs-Tqu-Ødas-wu-ØTq...-ada-w…-av-Tqu-Ø-T dav-wu-Ø-Ts-Tqu-Ø-T das-wu-Ø-TTq…-es da-w…-esxolo `-e sufiqss dairTavs namyo ZiriTadSi marcvlovani, arareducirebadixmovnis Semcveli sayrdeni morfemis mqone zmnebi~ (gogolaSvili1985: 72).sayrdeni morfema Zireulia:dav-wer-e mov-drik-edas-wer-e mos-drik-edav-wer-e-T mov-drik-e-Tdas-wer-e-T mos-drik-e-Trac Seexeba `aviRe~, `vsZle~, `ganvatfe~ tipis formebSi gamovlenil-e-s, romelic odenTanxmovnian sayrden morfemasTan gvxvdeba, avtori masgeneturad gansxvavebul odenobad miiCnevs, -ev sufiqsidan warmoSobiladTvlis. istoriulad aseTi formebi uniSnoni unda yofiliyvnen: aviR-e ←aviR-ev-Ø.33

2. wyvetilis warmoeba axal qarTulSiTanamedrove qarTuls wyvetilis warmoebaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebaar ganucdia. igive mawarmoeblebi gvxvdeba dResac. mxolod am mawarmoebelTagamoyenebis are gafarTovda an Seviwrovda ramdenadme. kerZod,TvalSi sacemia wyvetilis uniSno formaTa Semcireba, rac amgvar formeb-Si fonetikurad gaCenili -i xmovnis damkvidrebam gamoiwvia. Tu Zvel qar-TulSi misi arseboba Cveulebrivi iyo mravlobiTSi, mxolobiTSi ki misigamovlena nebismieri, axal qarTulSi mxolobiTis formebSi narTauli -i-s darTva `aucilebeli araa, Tumca ki misi darTva Cveulebrivia (SaniZe,1980: 427). rac Seexeba umarcvlo sayrdeni morfemis mqone zmnebs, isinidRes aRar gvxvdeba uniSnod. maTi -i elementiT gaformeba ukve ZvelsaveqarTulSi damTavrebulia donian vnebiTebSi, -am TemisniSnian zmnebSi esprocesi Cvens Tvalwin xdeboda, xolo `uniSno vnebiTTa~ erT nawilSikvlavac mimdinareobs (gogolaSvili 1980: 136). warmoebis tipi ar Secvlila-e bolosarTiani wyvetilisaTvis. arsebiTad igive suraTi gvaqvs TanamedroveqarTulSi, rac Zvel qarTulSia.rac Seexeba mwkrivis mawarmoebel elementTa ganawilebis zogadprincips, axali qarTulisTvisac imave saSualebebs moixmoben mis dasadgenad,rasac Zvel qarTulSi aRniSnuli problemis ganxilvisas gavecaniT.l. kiknaZe wyvetilSi mwkrivis niSnis arsebobis pirobad awmyoSi Tematurisufiqsis mqoneblobas miiCnevs: `im zmnebs, romelTac wyvetilSidaboloeba ara aqvT, awmyoSi yovelTvis aqvT Tematuri sufiqsi... Tu zmnaawmyoSi uTemisniSnoa (igulisxmeba moqm. gvaris zmnebi), mas wyvetilSi aucilebladeqneba -e sufiqsi~ (kiknaZe 1947: 320).Tematur sufiqsTa da zmnis gvaris formaTa mixedviT warmoadgenswyvetilis warmoebis zogad suraTs a. SaniZe (SaniZe 1980).Zvel qarTulze saubrisas ukve aRvniSneT, Tu ra sirTuleebi axlavsam gziT problemis gadaWris mcdelobas.Tanamedrove qarTulSi wyvetilis formantTa ganawilebisas zogadikanonzomierebis gamosavlenad vxelmZRvanelobT principiT, rac warmodgeniliiyo g. gogolaSvilis mier Zveli qarTulisaTvis.34

kerZod, fuZisa da sayrdeni morfemis struqturis cnebis SemotanaSeqmnil viTarebas naTels xdis _ am principiT Catarebuli kvleva g. gogolaSvilssaSualebas aZlevs gamoyos oTxi ZiriTadi yalibi. `gansxvavebuliaviTareba imis mixedviT, sayrdeni morfema marcvlovania Tu umarcvlo:marcvlovanTagan _ nulTan monacvle xmovnis Semcvelia Tu ara~(gogolaSvili 1984: 31).am saSualebaTa gamoyenebiT mkvlevari daaskvnis, rom wyvetilisformebSi gamovlenili -i elementi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos yvela SemTxvevaSierTsa da imave odenobad. saxeldobr, sxvaa is -i bolosarTi,romelic I da II subieqturi piris formebSi monacvleobs nulTan. amisgaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyofa ori yalibi -i bolosarTiani formebisa:I. Tu sayrdeni morfema marcvlovania da dro-kiloTa II seriis garkveulformebSi xmovans kargavs, namyo ZiriTadi -i elementiT iwarmoebaan uniSnodaa warmodgenili:mov-kal-i || mov-kal-Ø mov-kal-i-Tmoh-kal-i || moh-kal-Ø moh-kal-i-Tmo-kl-amo-kl-esganxiluli tipi warmoadgens wyvetilis warmoebis I yalibs (nul-Tan monacvle xmovnis Semcveli sayrdeni morfema + i || 0).II. zmnaTa is jgufi, romelTa wyvetilis formebSi gamovlenili -ielementi ar monacvleobs nulTan, warmoadgens wyvetilis warmoebis IIyalibs. aq avtori sam morfologiur jgufs gamoyofs: a) -am TemisniSnianebi(vab-am _ dava-b-i); b) doniani vnebiTebi (davber-d-i); g) `uniSno vnebiTTa~erTi nawili (gav-Tb-i).-e sufiqsTanac or SemTxvevas ganarCevs avtori: gansxvaveba, gardasayrdeni morfemis agebulebisa, gamovlindeba kidev mesame subieqturi pirisgamomxatveli afiqsiT. kerZod, sxvaa is -e mawarmoebeli, romelic mierTvismarcvlovan ukumSvel sayrden morfemas da romelsac mesame subieqturipiris niSnad -a Seesabameba. da sxvaa is -e, romelic daerTvisumarcvlo sayrden morfemas da romelic mesame subieqtur pirSi -o ni-Sans gulisxmobs. amis mixedviT gamoiyo kidev ori yalibi:35

III. marcvlovani ukumSveli sayrdeni morfema + -e sufiqsi, subieqturimesame piris niSania -a. wyvetilis warmoebis es tipi III yalibia. amgvariyalibis zmnebi enaSi mravladaa.IV. wyvetilis warmoebis IV yalibia: umarcvlo sayrdeni morfema +-e sufiqsi, mesame piris niSania -o.IV yalibis zmnebi enaSi SedarebiT mcired moipoveba. aRniSnuli yalibiszmnebSi gamovlenili -e bolosarTisa da mesame subieqturi piris-o niSnis Sesaxeb avtoris mosazreba ukve warmovadgineT, roca Zvel qar-TulSi wyvetilis warmoebaze vsaubrobdiT. mkvlevari II da IV yalibiszmnebs istoriulad I yalibidan momdinared Tvlis. amdenad, axali qar-Tuliseuli viTareba rTuli da meoreulia. `momxdarma fonetikurmacvlilebebma da afiqsTa morfologiurma reinterpretaciam gamoiwvia yalibissaxis Secvla da axali yalibebis Seqmna~ (gogolaSvili 1984: 47).3. wyvetilis mesame subieqturi piris niSanTasakiTxi Zvelsa da axal qarTulSiwyvetilis warmoebis Seswavlisas yuradRebas iqcevs mesame subieqturipiris niSanTa sakiTxi.qarTuli zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi mesame subieqturi piri qronologiuradaxal odenobadaa miCneuli pirvel da meore subieqtur pireb-Tan SedarebiT. amitomac misi morfologiuri gamoxatva gansxvavebulia.es sxvaoba ramdenime aspeqtSi vlindeba: a) mesame subieqturi piris aRmniSvneliformanti boloSi erTvis zmnis fuZes, sufiqsia, maSin, rocapirvel-meore pirebSi aRniSnuli funqciis mqone afiqsi win mierTvis fu-Zes, prefiqsia; b) pirvelsa da meore subieqtur pirebs TiTo aRmniSvnelimoepoveba, mesame pirs ki _ erTdroulad ramdenime; amas emateba isic, romsubieqtis mesame piris mravlobiTobis aRmniSvneli bolosarTebi er-Tdroulad pirsac gamoxataven da ricxvsac, maSin, roca danarCen afiqsebsmxolod piris aRniSvna evaleba. es viTareba ewinaaRmdegeba qarTulienisaTvis damaxasiaTebel aglutinaciis princips, rac TiTqos sarwmunos36

fuZiseuli v-s mezobloba iyo, am ukanasknelis -a piris niSanTan Tavmoyrammogvca -o, e. i. -o miRebulia va / …a difTongebis monofTongizaciiT,Semdeg ki analogiiT sxva zmnebsac ganuviTarda igi -a-s adgilas (deetersi1930: 106; Ciqobava 1940: 14; Ciqobava 1950: 053).am Tvalsazriszea a. SaniZec, igi -o sufiqsis gavrcelebis aredwyvetilis mwkrivis odenTanxmovnian fuZeebs moiazrebs. amgvari zmnebiacalTanxmovniani: aag-o, ganap-o, aq-o, Seaq-o... orTanxmovniani: aRavs-o, daaTr-o,Seamk-o, ganatf-o... iqve gamonaklisebad b-ma da c-ema zmnebsac moixseniebs,romelTac -a sufiqsi moudis (SaniZe 1976: 63).-o bolosarTis meoreulobas ar iziareben b. gigineiSvili da z. sarjvelaZe.avtorebi Segvaxseneben, rom Zvel qarTulSi [va] / […a] da [o]segmentebi kontrastul damokidebulebaSi arian. am zogadi kontrargumentisgarda, moixmoben konkretul SemTxvevebs, roca imave fonematurgaremoSi (va / …a) mosalodneli -o-s magier -a niSanic gvxvdeba. gvaqvs:ganaqarv-a (da ara ganaqar-o). meore mxriv, xSiria mesame subieqturi pirisniSnad -o sufiqsi iq, sadac amisaTvis araviTari kombinatoruli pirobaar aris, e. i. zmnis fuZe ar bolovdeba v-ze an romelime bagismier Tanxmovanze,magaliTad, sZl-o, ganvl-o, amcn-o... mkvlevarni sxva qarTvelurienebis monacemTa safuZvelze daaskvnian: `/o/ alomorfi aramcTu ZveliqarTulis doneze ar gamodga meoreuli, aramed aRdga qarTul-zanuri periodisTvisacki~. savaraudoa, qarTul-zanuri erTobis xanaSi arsebobdnenmesame subieqturi piris *a da *o alomorfebi. zanurma *a dakarga,mxolod *o-s ekvivalenti u / ˆ SemorCa. qarTulma ki orive alomorfiSemogvinaxa, romelTa gamovlenasac esa-Tu is zmnuri Ziri ganapirobebs(gigineiSvili... 1973: 81-82).arn. Ciqobavam gamoTqva mosazreba, rom Zvel qarTulSi am sufiqsebisuwinares arsebobda kidev erTi niSani, romelic subieqtis mesame pirsaRniSnavda mx. ricxvSi. es -n formantia, mas mravlobiT ricxvSi -ed bolosarTiSeesabameboda. im mwkrivTa Soris, romelnic aRniSnuli funqciiT-n (mr.-Si _ d) afiqss dairTavdnen, iyo wyvetilic. avtoriseuli varaudiSemdeg msjelobas emyareba: Zveli qarTulis mwkrivTa meore jgufSiaris mesame piris brZanebiTis formebi, romlebic saTanado literatura-38

Si damoukidebel mwkrivad _ II brZanebiTadaa gagebuli. am formebma Semogvinaxa-n (mr. _ ed) niSani. realurad ki `esaa aoristis mesame piri, gansxvavebuliCveulebrivi mesame pirisagan -n sufiqsis gamoyenebiT (a, o-snacvlad) (Ciqobava 1940: 29).-n sufiqsi `im epoqisaa..., roca awmyo da namyo gamijunli da dapirispirebulidroebi ar iyvnen (e. i. droebs arc warmoadgendnen)~,(Ciqobava 1940: 23) _ ambobs mkvlevari, _ xolo am uZvelesi n sufiqsisgverdiT arsebuli sxva formantebi subieqtis mesame pirisa `an sxvadasxvaformaciisaa an sxvadasxva dialeqturi wrisa~ (Ciqobava 1940: 40).v. Tofurias azriT, -n formanti aris erT-erTi uZvelesi fena, romelicreliefurad moCans qarTvelur enaTa wiaRSi da romliTac isini`ukavSirdebian kavkasiursa da ZeglebiTRa warmodgenil mkvdar enebs(xaldur, xeTur enebs)~ (Tofuria 1941: 195).Zveli qarTulis enobriv masalaSi moiZebneba iseTi formebic, romlebSicmx. ricxvis mesame subieqturi piris aRmniSvnelad -s, -n, -a, -o sufiqsebisadgilas -d bolosarTia. amgvarma faqtebma imTaviTve miiqciaenaTmecnierTa yuradReba (SaniZe 1945; abulaZe 1954; rogava 1968). gamoiTqvavaraudi, rom Zvel qarTulSi mx. ricxvis mesame subieqturi piris gamomxatveladgamoyenebuli unda yofiliyo -d formantic. amasve moiazrebdav. Tofurias msjeloba: mesame piris subieqtis mr. ricxvis aRmniSvnel sufiqsTaTanxmovnebi (n, s) ixmareba imave piris subieqtis niSnad mx. ricxv-Si. Zvel qarTulSi mesame piris subieqtis mravlobiTobas aRniSnavs -edsufiqsic, bunebrivia, Tu am sufiqsis Tanxmovanic Segvxvdeba mesame pirissubieqtis niSnad mx. ricxvSi (Tofuria 1952: 6-7).d. gewaZis mier Seswavlilma Zvelma Zeglebma es varaudi gaamarTla.mx. ricxvSi mesame piris subieqtis niSnad -d sufiqsi sxva mwkrivTa Soriswyvetilisagan nawarmoeb mesame piris brZanebiTis formebSic gamovlinda(gewaZe 1952-1953). msgavsi faqtebi Semdgomi xanis gamokvlevebmacgamoaaSkarava (sarjvelaZe, gigineiSvili, kikviZe, ninua).ra safuZveli gvaqvs, brZanebiTis uZveles formebSi dadasturebulimesame subieqtis -d niSani wyvetilisaTvis analogiuri daniSnulebisafiqsad miviCnioT. amgvari daSvebisas kvlav im argumentebs movixmobT,rac -n formantze msjelobisas gvqonda. vrCebiT im azrze, rom brZanebi-39

Tis es formebi imave wyvetilis formebia, mxolod mesame subieqturi pirisniSniT gansxvavebuli. Cvens SemTxvevaSi aseTi niSani -d bolosarTia,romelic wyvetils sxva niSnebTan erTad moepoveboda Zvelad. enam gansxvavebuliforma gansxvavebuli SinaarsiT aRWurva, amjerad wyvetilis-d sufiqsian formas brZanebiTobis gadmocema daekisra.aqve davZenT, rom -n da -d formantebi axal qarTulSi am funqciiTaRar arseboben. maTi gamoyeneba ukve Zvel qarTulSive SezRudulia. isiniaqa-iq sporadulad gvxvdeba werilobiT ZeglebSi, rac imaze metyvelebs,rom aRniSnuli movlena uZvelesi viTarebis gadmonaSTia. miuxedavad imisa,rom mesame subieqturi piris sufiqsacia gviani formaciisadaa miCneuli,-n da -d afiqsebi masalobrivad ukavSirdeba im uZveles dialeqtebs,romlebic qarTuli saliteraturo enis warmoqmnaSi monawileobdnen (Ciqobava1954).wyvetils mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTobis gadmosacemadZvel qarTulSi moepoveba -es sufiqsi da iSviaTi xmarebis -ed bolosar-Ti. -es ixmareboda wyvetilSi rogorc gardamaval, ise gardauval zmneb-Si. SemdegSi -es -sufiqsi SerCa gardamaval zmnebs, xolo gardauvlebSiigi -en formantma Secvala.e. nikolaiSvilma -es sufiqsis evoluciis kvlevisas daadgina, romamgvari cvlileba pirvelad `qarTlis cxovrebis~ anaseul nusxaSi dafiqsirda,Tumca, im drois cocxal metyvelebaSi aseTi formebi jer kidevar unda yofiliyo gabatonebuli. mkvlevari varaudobs, rom -en-is gavrcelebisaTvisxeli unda Seewyo dasavleT saqarTvelos kiloebs. misive dakvirvebiT,-es da -(n)en sufiqsTa Widili XVIII saukunis bolos -(n)en bolosarTisgamarjvebiT dasrulda. manamde ki erTdroulad mimdinareobdaori procesi: -es sufiqsis -en-iT Secvla da am ukanasknelis -(n)en-iT Canacvleba(nikolaiSvili 1978).-nen sufiqsis istoria prefiqsian vnebiTebSi iwyeba. rogorc cnobilia,prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi -n- infiqsi saTanado moqmedebi-Tis formebidanaa gadasuli, sadac is nariani pirdapiri obieqtis simravlesgamoxatavda. konversiis procesSi -n- meqanikurad gadahyva prefiqsianvnebiTebs, xolo Semdeg, roca -es formantis adgili -en-ma daikava, amukanasknelTan -n- infiqsis Sexvedram -(n)en bolosarTi mogvca:40

daimal-n-es → daimal-n-en-en da -(n)en sufiqsebi Tanaarsebobdnen saliteraturo enaSi manamde,vidre enis normaTa damdgeni komisia upiratesobas -(n)en afiqss mianiWebda.mesame piris mravlobiTobis sufiqsebze msjelobisas gverds veravuvliT gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss, romelic qronologiurad -en sufiqsisuwinaresobas uWers mxars. am Tvalsazriss gamoTqvams b. foCxua: `rakiobieqtis mravlobiTobis -en `Siga~ sufiqsia, e. i. ufro adrindeliformaciisaa, SesaZlebelia, swored es miviCnioT zmnaSi simravlis gamomxatvelsayovelTao sufiqsad~ (foCxua 1961: 59). mkvlevars argumentebadmoaqvs faqtebi, rom Zvel qarTulSi -es-s -en sufiqsi cvlis, an maTi aRrevaxdeba, axal qarTulSi mediopasiur formebSi -en batondeba, xolodasavlur kiloebSi SeimCneva misi gauniversalebis tendencia. igi -es sufiqssZiriTad qarTul fenaSi sxva dialeqturi wris Semonatanad Tvlis,aseve dialeqtur odenobad miaCnia iSviaTi gamoyenebis -ed sufiqsi.sabolood SegviZlia davaskvnaT: Zvel qarTulSi wyvetilis mesamesubieqtur pirs mx. ricxvSi aRniSnavda: -n, -d, -a, -o, xolo mr. ricxvSi _-ed, -es sufiqsebi.jer kidev Zvelsave qarTulSi iSviaTi xmarebis -n, -d, -ed formantebmagaqroba iwyes.Tanamedrove qarTulSi am funqciiT wyvetilis mwkrivs mx. ricxvSimoepoveba -a da -o sufiqsebi, xolo mravlobiTSi _ Zveli -es da axaliformaciis -nen bolosarTebi.4. wyvetilis warmoeba saSual qarTulSimimovixileT wyvetilis warmoeba Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi, visaubreTmwkrivis mawarmoebel elementebze, maTi gamovlenis pirobebze da amelementTa ganawilebis zogad kanonzomierebaze. SevexeT mesame subieqturipiris niSanTa sistemas aRniSnuli mwkrivis farglebSi. principulisxvaoba Zvelsa da axal saliteraturo enaTa Soris ar SemCneula. isoTxi ZiriTadi yalibi, romelic CvenTvis saintereso mwkrivis warmoebaSi41

gamoikveTa, gvxvdeba rogorc Zvels, ise axal samwerlobo qarTulSi. arsebiTigansxvaveba mxolod mwkrivis mawarmoebel formantTa gamovlenissixSireze aisaxa. esa Tu is niSani erTgan ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba, meoregan_ iSviTad, an _ piriqiT. Cveni mizania saSual qarTulSi wyvetiliswarmoebis kvleva, sayrdeni morfemis struqturis meSveobiT dasaxelebulioTxi formobrivi jgufis gamovlena. TiToeuli yalibis SigniT garkveulTaviseburebaTa aRnusxva da maTi SesaZlo axsna. CvenTvis faseuliais enobrivi faqtebi, rasac am periodis samwerlobo ZeglebSi SevxvdebiT.es is maxasiaTeblebia, rac saSual qarTuls misi mosazRvreenobrivi periodebisagan gamoarCevs. gvainteresebda, Tundac is umniSvnelosxvaoba, romelic Zvelsa da axal qarTuls Sorisaa, rogor aisaxasaSuali periodis samwerlobo enaSi. kerZod, wyvetilis ama Tu im mawarmoeblisgamoyenebisas saSuali qarTuli mihyveba Zvel qarTuls, Tu axaliqarTulisebria viTareba, gvaZlevs Tu ara sxvaobas am TvalsazrisiTsaSuali qarTulis sazRvrebSi sxvadasxva epoqisa da Janris Zeglebi.gvxvdeba Tu ara Zveli da axali qarTuliseuli monacemebi erTi da imaveavtoris, Tundac, erTsa da imave TxzulebaSi. aranakleb sainteresoa, mesamesubieqturi piris aRniSvnisas saSualma qarTulma daicva Zveli viTareba,Tu axal normebs misca gza, romeli epoqisa da Janris nawarmoebSira mdgomareobaa amis gaTvaliswinebiT.aRniSnul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas -i bolosarTiani wyvetiliTdaviwyebT.4.1. uniSno da -i sufiqsiani wyvetiliZvel qarTulSi uniSnod iwarmoebda wyvetilis mwkrivs umarcvloan reducirebadi sayrdeni morfemis mqone zmnebi:Seva-b-Ø v-qmen-Ø v-Tqu-ØSea-b-a qmn-a Tq…-arogorc aRvniSneT, ukve Zvelsave qarTulSi -d sufiqsian vnebiTebsada -d Tanxmovanze fuZedasrulebul sxva zmnebs wyvetilis I-II pirebSi -ielementi ganuviTarda. am droisaTvisve aRniSnuli sufiqsi daerTvodazogierTi vnebiTi da saSuali gvaris zmnas (dave-c-i, ganve-r-i) da moqme-42

debiTTagan _ erTs (ganv-rcx-i). yvela dasaxelebul SemTxvevaSi -i niSansdairTavda umarcvlo sayrdeni morfemis mqone zmnebi (aq eWvis qveS dgebai. imnaiSvilis mier wyvetilis formad gagebuli saSuali gvaris zmna`vhrwmeni~, romelsac arareducirebadi marcvlovani sayrdeni morfemaaqvs) (imnaiSvili... 1996: 154). e. i. jer kidev Zvel qarTulSia gamoyofiligarkveuli formobrivi jgufi zmnebisa, romelTa umarcvlo sayrden morfemasacmierTvis -i sufiqsi, romelic ar monacvleobs nulTan. aRniSnulitipi samecniero literaturaSi wyvetilis warmoebis II yalibadaacnobili. axal qarTulSi II yalibis formebs SemouerTda umarcvlo sayrdenimorfemis mqone zmnaTagan yvela danarCeni (Seva-b-i, ganva-sx-i...) dajgufi zmnebisa, romelTa sayrdeni morfemac nawilobriv reduqciasganicdida Zvel qarTulSi (v-Tq…-Ø, Sev-su-Ø...). aRniSnuli formebi warmoadgenen-am TemisniSnian zmnebs (v-Tqu-Ø → v-Tq…-i, dava-b-Ø → dava-b-i) dauniSno vnebiTTa nawils (gav-Tb-i, gav- Sr-i). amgvarad, -i sufiqsma, romliswarmomavlobasac II xolmeobiTs ukavSireben da romelic Tavidanvemorfologiuri funqciiT iyo aRWurvili, TandaTan gaifarTova moqmedebisare da mkvidrad gaidga fesvi.zmnebi, romelTa marcvlovani sayrdeni morfema srul reduqciasganicdida, Zvel qarTulSi nulovani mawarmoebliT iyo warmodgenili. IXsaukunidan mr. ricxvis I-II subieqturi piris formebSi rTuli Tanxmovan-Tkompleqsis gasaTiSad warmoSobili -i Semdeg mx. ricxvis formebSicgadmovida. Tu iSviaTad gvxvdeboda mx. ricxvSi mdgar zmnebTan igi ZvelqarTulSi, axal saliteraturo enaSi misi gamovlena Cveulebrivia.warmoebis es tipi (marcvlovani reducirebadi sayrdeni morfema + nul-Tan monacvle -i elementi) warmoadgens wyvetilis I yalibs. fonetikursafuZvelze gaCenili narTauli -i morfologiurad ufunqcioa, gansxvavebiTII yalibis zmnebSi gamovlenili -i sufiqsisagan, romelsac mareducirebeliZala aqvs.amgvarad, Zveli qarTuliseuli formebi uniSno wyvetilisa CvenTvissaintereso mwkrivis warmoebisas Tanamedrove qarTulSi I da II yalibebaddajgufdnen. kerZod, umarcvlo da nawilobriv reducirebadi sayrdenimorfemis mqone zmnebi wyvetilis warmoebis II yalibSi gaerTiandnen, xo-43

lo iseTma zmnebma, romelTa sayrdeni morfemac srul reduqcias ganicdida,axal qarTulSi I yalibi Seqmnes.saintereso aRmoCnda saSuali qarTulis kvleva am TvalsazrisiT.am vrcelma enobrivma periodma Zvel da axal saliteraturo enaTa Sorissxvaoba wyvetilis warmoebis aRniSnul SemTxvevaTa magaliTze mravalferovanWrilSi dagvanaxa. sxvadasxva suraTi mogvca ara mxolod Janrobrivadgansxvavebulma Zeglebma, aseve saukuneebiT daSorebulma Txzulebebmac.metic, zogjer es gansxvaveba erTi da imave avtoris SemoqmedebaSiiCens Tavs. am mxriv meti konservatulobiT gamoirCeva sasuliero Janrisliteratura, xolo saero Zeglebi ufro Tamamad avlens siaxlisadmimxardaWeras.saSual qarTulSi wyvetilis uniSno da -i sufiqsian formaTa SeswavlisasZvelsa da axal saliteraturo enaTa Soris gamovlenil sxvaobaSiramdenime moments gamovyofT, kerZod: a) srulad reducirebadimarcvlovani sayrdeni morfemis Semcveli zmnebi mx. ricxvSi Zvelad TuuniSnod iyvnen warmodgenili, axal qarTulSi maT narTauli -i xmovanidairTes (mov-kal-Ø → mov-kal-(i); b) uniSno wyvetilis zmnaTa mr. ricxvisformebi Zveli qarTulis adreul etapze Tu –i-s gareSe iyo, axalqarTulSi maT -T sufiqsis win -i elementi sistemebr gamoavlines (movkal-T→ mov-kal-i-T, dava-b-T → dava-b-i-T); g) nawilobriv reducirebadimarcvlovani sayrdeni morfemis mqone zmnebi Zvel qarTulSi ar dairTavdnen-i mwkrivis niSans. axal qarTulSi amis sapirispirod -i sufiqsianiformebi miviReT (v-Tqu-Ø → v-TqŸ-i (vTq‚)); d) umarcvlo sayrdeni morfemisSemcveli zmnebi Zveli qarTulis adreul safexurze umwkrivisniSnoniiyvnen, axal qarTulSi -i mwkrivis niSani yovelTvis gvxvdeba (dava-b-Ø→ dava-b-i).saSuali qarTulis enobrivi periodis ZeglebSi wyvetilis uniSnoformebze dakvirvebisas Semdegi suraTi gamoikveTa: saSual qarTulSiuniSnod iwarmoeben wyvetilis mwkrivs srulad reducirebadi marcvlovanisayrdeni morfemis mqone `movkal~ tipis zmnebi, romelTac mr. ricxvSisimravlis aRmniSvneli sufiqsis win narTauli -i moudis. aRniSnuli tipiwyvetilis warmoebis I yalibs warmoadgens. aseTi warmoeba gvxvdeba ro-44

gorc prozaul, ise poetur teqstebSi, rogorc sasuliero, aseve saeroJanris TxzulebebSi:kacs Subi vhkar, cxeni davec, marT ornive mixdes mzesa (vefx., 439, 3);aw gewyalodes patroni Cemi mzeWabuki, romel viTarTa kacTa mux-Tlad mohkaliTo (am., 633, 3);naxe, Tu Sen Cemzeda ra hqmen anu ra miyav, razomni augni momiTualen!(vis., 263, 37);imisTana sasaxelo coli kinaRam ar movkal (T. II, 196, 26);yeli gamomWer piri damrCa Senis danebis (bes., 11. 4, 2);ukeTu ara, locvasa zeda ubnoba da locvaTa yurTa miupyrobloba,yovelive raodeni giTxar (saba, swavl., 29).aseve iwarmoebs wyvetilis formebs I yalibis zmnebi istoriul sabuTebsaTu iuridiul ZeglebSi, lapidarul warwerebsa da `qarTliscxovrebis~ wignebSi:xolo Tquen nugeSinis-geciT erisa amisTÂs, romeli iÃsna RmerTmanSÂdas oTxmoci aTasi (q. cx., I, 176, 20);basili Ãmayo: `vaÁme, rad momkal sawyalobeli da sabraloÁ, wmidaomowameo! (abus. tb., 62, 103);saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa me erisTavT-erisTavman giorgi, dauwere damivec amis eklesiisa naxevari savanisa sofelsa (lapid. warw., II, 62, 41);da Tquen moxuediT da RmrTissworTa sigelnic moixueniT samamulodboZebulobisani (ist. sab., 178, 40).I yalibis uniSno formaTa gverdiT saSuali qarTulis Cven mier Seswavlilenobriv ZeglebSi Zalze iSviaTad Zveli qarTulis adreuli safexurisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli formebic gamoereva xolme aqa-iq. eseniaumarcvlo da nawilobriv reducirebadi sayrdeni morfemis Semcveli (dava-b-Ø,v-Tqu-Ø tipi) zmnebi, romlebic axal qarTulSi wyvetilis warmoebisII yalibis zmnebs SeuerTdnen.amgvar umwkrivisniSno formaTa umetesoba `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~gamovlinda.leonti mrovelis TxzulebaSi ori uniSno zmna vnaxeT da orive XVsaukunis anaseul nusxaSi iyo:45

uwyode, rameTu ara ese ars ganzraxva Cemi, romel vTqu, aramedRirs myav zraxvad Sen winaSe, da vauwyo mefobasa Sensa guliszraxva Cemi(q. cx., I, 60, 17);da gankÂrvebuli miveaxle mas da varqu esreT (q. cx., I, 114, 9).juanSeris istoriaSic iyo uniSno wyvetilis Zveli qarTuliseulizmnebi. amaTgan sami forma XVI saukunis II naxevris WalaSviliseul xelnawerSiaRmoCnda:yovelTamca qalaqTa Sina juars vecu, raTa yovelni vacxovnne (q.cx., I, 166, 16);da davsu episkoposad miqael, kaci sarwmuno (q. cx., I, 179, 11).aqve davZenT, rom am ukanasknel zmnas A, C, D nusxaTa Sesabamisi epizodebi-i sufiqsiT (davsÂ) warmoadgens:da romel sTqu Sen, Tu `moiwyon ra sparsTa, mter eqmnebian qristeaneTa~(q. cx., I, 139, 2).danarCeni sami zmna ki 1633 _ 1646 wlebiT daTariRebul mariamiseulxelnawerSia SemorCenili:xolo aw mogiTxra maTi silaRe Cuen zeda, da merme vyo neba Seni,vinaTgan aRgiTqu ficiTa ZlieriTa, viTarmed ara vyo unebeli Seni (q.cx., I, 182, 17).A, D, M, m nusxaTa Sesabamis epizodebSi `vTqÂ~ zmna aris.viTar xudebis srulsa sibrZnesa da erTgulobasa Sensa, egreTwarmosTqu yovelni, juanSer (q. cx., I, 149, 20).wignSi `matiane qarTlisa~ isev `vTqu~ zmnis formebi Segvxvda. isinivnaxeT WalaSviliseul xelnawerebSi da mermindel CanarTebSi, romlebicsxvadasxva nusxaSia daculi:viTarca vTqu pirvelad, uSvilo iyo daviT kurapalati (q. cx., I, 275,12);da ukeTu vinme inebos warmoTqmad yovelTa gangebulebaTa misTa,mouZlurdes Zali misi, romelTagan mciredi warmovTqu JamTa sigrZisaganara-daviwyebisaTÂs (q. cx., I, 282, 2).CanarTebi XVIII saukunis xelnawerebSia Semonaxuli. aqac vnaxeToriode zmna:46

xolo amas Jamsa Sina gardacvalebul iyo daviT kurapalati, viTarcavTquT zemore (q. cx., I, 278, 4);xolo viTarca vTquT, mi-ra-icvala Teodora dedofali meyuseuladmarTa, asuli bagratisi sameufod Semoiyvanes (q. cx., I, 307, 23).Tamar mefisadmi miZRvnil saistorio TxzulebaSic `istoriani daazmani SaravandedTani~ uniSno wyvetilis Zveli formaa. es zmna XVIII saukunisI meoTxedis Teimuraziseul xelnawerSia daculi:ra sTqu, vin SemZlebel ars amisda qmnad, mogonebad da smenad, rameTugansakÂrvebul ars? (q. cx., II, 86, 8).`vTqu~ tipis zmnebi dadasturda iuridiul ZeglebSic. XIII saukunissamarTlebriv ZeglSi `locva erisTavT-erisTavis dadgenisa~ aRmoCndaerTi zmna:romelman aRuTqu wmidaTa SenTa mociqulTa mocemad madli RmrTeebisaSenisaÁ daTrgunvad guelTa da RriankalTa (sam. Zegl., II, 55).aseTive forma Segvxvda 1722 wliT daTariRebul gujarSi:yovelive msaxureba wmidisa amis xatisa RmrTaebisa aRvasrule dagujari ese aRmovTqu (sam. Zegl., II, 383).am tipis umwkrivisniSno zmnebi moviZieT sulxan-saba orbelianis`swavlanSi~. Txzulebis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare aq Zveli qarTulisTvisdamaxasiaTebeli formebi xSiria:erTi vinme uaris-myofelTagani melizReboda da me varqu (saba,swavl., 178, 547);Senve sTqu weRan (saba, swavl., 302, 159).Zveli saliteraturo enisaTvis niSandobliv sxva zmnaTa SorisuniSno wyvetilis amgvari forma Segvxvda besikis leqsSic:.varqu me: magad vixaro rad e! (bes., 14. 2, 1).arCilis poetur nawarmoebTagan CvenTvis saintereso zmnebs vxvdebiTlirikul poemaSi `leqsni aseulni~:cota ram leqsad aRmovsTqu sityvebi me Sesaqmisa (arC., I, 90. 64, 4);es rac masmia, misTvis vTqu, uyureT ra Tqvas rac a man! (arC., I, 92.87, 4).47

sainteresoa, rom am tipis (nawilobriv reducirebadi marcvlovanisayrdeni morfemis mqone) uniSno formaTa umravlesoba `vTqu~ da `varqu~zmnebia.rac Seexeba umarcvlo sayrdeni morfemis Semcvel zmnebs, romlebicaseve uniSnod iwarmoeben wyvetilis mwkrivs, saliteraturo enidanSemorCenili es iSviaTi formebi mxolod arCilis poeziaSi aRmoCnda. ma-Ti daniSnuleba aq muxledTa Tanabarmarcvlianobis dacva unda iyos:erTbaSad daanTq yovelni da ufro Seni amyolni (arC., I, 58. 322, 4);saswauliTa moweuliTadaidg gvirgvini, ara xelada (arC., I, 234. 45, 4).sxvagan am tipis umwkrivisniSno zmnebi ar Segvxvedria, Tu ar CavTvliTbrZanebiTis formebs, romlebzec qvemoT sagangebod visaubrebT.cnobilia, yoveli enobrivi siaxle zepir metyvelebaSi Tu adviladikidebs fexs, samwerlobo enaSi Znelad xdeba maTi SemoRweva. amis mizeziZveli qarTuli enis Zeglebis gavlenaa, romelsac konkretuli avtorebiTu gadamwerebi emorCilebian. Zveli sasuliero mwerlobis kvali kidevdidxans gasdevs werilobiTi Zeglebis enas. amitomaa, rom IX saukunidanmr. ricxvis formebTan dadasturebuli narTauli -i saSuali qarTulisZeglTa enaSi mx. ricxvis formebTan arc Tu ise xSirad moCans. Tumca,ivaraudeba, rom igi am periodis sasaubro enaSi ukev kargadaa damkvidrebuli.aqve davZenT, es -i xmovani, romelic Tavdapirvelad mr. ricxvisformebTan rTuli TanxmovanTkompleqsis gasaTiSad gaCnda, am funqciiTsaSuali qarTulis enaSi sistemebr gvxvdeba. Tumca, aqa-iq iseTi magali-Tebic gvaqvs, sadac mis aryofnas saleqso sazoms mivawerT, anda im avtorTanebas, romelnic cdiloben, Txrobas maqsimalurad SeunarCunonZveli elferi.saSuali qarTulis samwerlobo ZeglebSi wyvetilis uniSno zmnaTaparalelurad iSviaTi gamovlinebis narTaulxmovniani formebic SeiniSneba.Cven mier moZiebul masalaSi areklilia is xangrZlivi procesi, racsaliteraturo enam wyvetilis I yalibis zmnebSi uniSno warmoebidan sufiqsurwarmoebamde gaiara.mx. ricxvis formebSi narTauli -i pirvelad `vefxistyaosanSi~ Segvxvda.ar SegviniSnavs igi `visramiansa~ da `amirandarejanianSi~, Tumca,48

iTvleba, rom es ukanaskneli adrindeli saero Zeglebidan axali qarTulisakenyvelaze metad midrekilia. XII-XIII saukuneTa cocxali metyvelebisaTvisukve Cveulebrivi movlenaa I yalibis zmnaTa mx. ricxvis formeb-Si narTauli –i-s gamoyeneba. swored `xalxis sametyvelo cocxali enarusTavelma safuZvlad daudva Tavis poemas, es ena man literaturulidaxvewilobis umaRles safexurze aiyvana... poeziaSi axali qarTuli saliteraturoenis normebi gamoiyena rusTavelma. `vefxistyaosnis~ enaZlier gansxvavdeba rogorc winadroindel, ise misdroindel saeklesiomwignobrulienis normebisagan~ (kekeliZe... 1954: 291). `vefxistyaosanSi~ Iyalibis sxva uamravi umwkrivisniSno formis gverdiT mxolod ramdenimezmna moviZieT -i elementiani. TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi misi darTva saleqsosazomiTaa gamowveuli:vTqveni qebani visni me ar-avad gamorCeuli (vefx., 4, 2).`vTqveni~ forma aq muxledebis TanabarmarcvlianobisaTvis unda iyos.sxvagan ki imave zmnaSi narTaul xmovans riTmisTvis daurTavs poeti:me, glax, ra var, miwa cudi, TaviT CemiT ramca vqmeni,aw davxocen mterni Tqvenni, gavsarule, raca vTqveni (vefx., 1039, 2-3).am ukanasknelSi `vTqveni~ zmna Sinagan-garegani riTmis magaliTia,SeTanxmebulia rogorc sxva taepTa, aseve Sinagani muxlis daboloebas-Tan. garda amisa, am znaSi -en formanti mxolod riTmis gamoa, narianipirdapiri obieqti frazaSi arsad gvxvdeba.danarCen SemTxvevebSic CvenTvis saintereso formebi mosazRvrestriqonTa daboloebebTanaa gariTmuli:avTandil ityvis: `ezomni Wirnimca rad vacudeni?racaRa aris, ar aris, Tumca ar edgnes budeni (vefx., 214, 1);xelman Senni ganvicaden sinatife-siturfeni,sulTa nacvlad samsaxurni ramca viTa gimuqfeni?! (vefx., 496, 4);wina kacni mozidvides; Tvali amad davaceci,mTvare ujda kidobansa, ca meSvide masmca veci (vefx., 617, 4);vici, meti ara ginda ZRvenni radmca gavkicxeni,TviT amanve mogawonos saxednoba, sificxeni (vefx., 639, 3).49

aqedan moyolebuli XVII saukunemde Cven mier damuSavebul mxatvrulteqstebSi I yalibis mx. ricxvis formebTan narTauli -i ar dasturdeba.XVII saukunidan, kerZod, Teimuraz I-dan aRniSnuli elementiTiTqmis yvela avtorTan Segvxvda.cnobilia, rom Teimuraz I imJamindeli sparsuli poeziis did gavlenasganicdida, roca majamam, xelovnuri, amoucnobi tipis leqsebmagabatonebuli mdgomareoba moipova. marTalia, qarTveli poetisaTvis majamamxolod mxatvruli gamoxatvis omonimur xerxs waroadgens, maincmis poemebsa Tu lirikul leqsebSi bevria bundovani Sesityvebani daaraswori gramatikuli formebi. swored mis lirikul poema `majamaSi~ da`vard-bulbulianSi~ vxvdebiT I yalibis mx. ricxvSi mdgar zmnebTan narTaul-i-s. orivegan -i-niSniani zmnebi mosazRvre taepebTan riTmebadaaSewyobili:usulod viyav umisod, rac xani waviareni,man momalxina, visi mZlevs me sufTa are-mareni (T. I, 124. 27, 3-4);awya damiwye wunoba, gamcrice, gamayviTeni,Seni bralia, SemSale, TeTr-wiTlad piri miTeni (T. I, 11. 71, 3-4).orive zmnaSi narTauli -i-s winamavali simravlis aRmniSvneli -enformanti uadgiloa, radgan Sesabamisi nariani pirdapiri obieqti SesityvebaSiar gvaqvs.aqve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom, rogorc mkvlevarni miuTiTeben, TeimurazI-is TxzulebaTa xelnawerebidan arcerTi avtografi ar aRmoCnda.mxolod ramdenime xelnaweriRaa cotad Tu bevrad Teimurazis drosTandaaxloebuli. xelnawerTa umravlesoba XVIII-XIX saukuneebs ekuTvnis. miuxedavadamisa, vfiqrobT, amgvari -i bolosarTiani formebi, romelTagamoCenas aq, aSkaraa, saleqso sazomi ganapirobebs, avtoriseulia.Tu rusTavelTan da Teimuraz I-Tan -i sufiqsian formaTa gamoyenebasaleqso metriTa da ritmiTaa ganpirobebuli, arCilis poeziaSi I yalibiszmnebTan mx. ricxvSi narTauli -i-s darTva zogjer ar aris leqsissaWiroebiT gamowveuli:amisTvis vhqeni, mefeo, Tu RmerTi giyvars da meo,Tvare rac ginda, igi q m e n Sen mand zixar da a meo (arC., II, 413, 3-4).50

aq I striqonSi `vhqeni~ zmna Tu -i sufiqsiania, igive zmna II taepSiuniSnoa.amieriTgan vdumeni leqsTa Tqma-Sairobasa (arC., I, 222. 743, 4);devanosim Tqva enosiT: davSveri misis qebiTa (arC., I, 130. 26, 1).sainteresoa, rom igive zmna arCilis `visramianSi~, romelic 16-marcvlianiSairiTaa dawerili, uniSno warmoebisaa:mimZims, aramc cudad davSver, me momwondes, sxva swunobdes (arC., I,136. 13, 4).gulad talia, sul italiaSen daimwyseni da gananaTle (arC., I, 232. 35, 1-2).arCilisaTvis namdvili poeziis sawyao mxolod `rusTvlis Tqmulia~.amitomac misi mibaZviT zogjer -i sufiqsiani wyvetilis formebsriTmebad iyenebs. magram axali qarTuliseuli formebi poetis xelSi gaurandavmasalad gamoiyureba, gansxvavebiT `vefxistyaosnis~ striqonebisagan,sadac amgvari formebi gramatikul wyobas arsad arRvevs.jvaredinad aris gariTmuli -i niSniani zmnebi Caxruxaulis metriTgawyobil leqsSi `mefeTa~: am formebSi gamovlenil -en infiqss ki Sesabamisinariani pirdapiri obieqti ar moepoveba:me nebierman, gonebiermandia ram yofa gavimwareni,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vimwire ase, viTa manasesxvaTa dideba mivibareni (arC., I, 226. 6, 4-8).saintereso formaa arCilis poemaSi `gabaaseba Teimurazisa da rus-Tvelisa~:Cven waxdenad qve dagvyaren, Sen sufevis taxtsa adi (arC., II, 1089, 4).es ukanaskneli -i sufiqsiani `axvedi~ zmnis warTqmiTi brZanebiTisaxal saliteraturo enaSi damkvidrebuli formaa, magram aq konteqstiTTxrobiTi kiloa nagulisxmevi. aseTi formebi TxrobiTi kilos wyvetilisadasavleT saqarTvelos dialeqturi wrisTvis unda yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli.mwerali jer kidev 14 wlis asakSi avida imereTis samefotaxtze, sadac XVII saukunis miwuruls ramdenime weli dahyo. bunebrivia,51

Tu arCilis poeziaSi am dialeqturi wrisaTvis niSandoblivi formebiSegvxvdeba.uRebs ra kars axal formebs Tavis poeziaSi, amavdroulad cdilobs,mcireodeni xarki ZvelisTvisac gaiRos iq, sadac amas saleqso sazomimoiTxovs. arCilis poemebSi mr. ricxvis Zveli samwerlobo enisa-Tvis niSneuli formebic dasturdeba, romlebSic narTauli xmovani -Tsufiqsis win ar Cans:ganjas movida moparviT, ambavi ver vscanT mosvlisa (arC., II, 443, 1).aq Tu muxlTa TanabarmacvlianobisaTvis aris amgvari zmna moxmobili,CaxruxauliT gawyobil striqonSi Sinagan riTmebadaa SeTavsebuliSemdegi formebi:veravin icanT, verc gamoicanTmisis cxovrebis mounaxvelad (arC., I, 232. 36, 7-8).XVIII saukunis poeti Teimuraz II mxolod prozaul teqstSi mimar-Tavs narTaul -i-s, rac imas niSnavs, rom misTvis aRniSnuli elementimartooden poeturi aqsesuari ki ara, ukve Tanamedrove sazogadoebis sasaubroenaSi kargad damkvidrebuli gramatikuli formantia. swored amfunqciiTa is gamoyenebuli sparsulidan Targmnil igav-arakTa krebulSi`Timsariani~:hkiTxa, Tu: `rasaTvis mohkalio! (T. II, 162, 39).amave teqstSi igive zmna -i elementis gareSea:awe Tu Seni Svili ar mohkal, an mogklven an taxtidaRme gardagagdeben(T. II, 185, 13).sagulisxmoa, rom sulxan-saba orbeliani zemoxsenebul formebsiyenebs TzulebebSi `sibrZne sicruisa~ da `mogzauroba evropaSi~. oriveZegli swored axali qarTuli eniTaa dawerili. `mxatvrul prozaSi axalisaliteraturo enis gamomxatvelia sulxan-saba orbeliani. `sibrZnesicruisa~da `mogzauroba evropaSi~ amisi sabuTia~ (kekeliZe... 1954: 402).igav-arakTa krebulSi ramdenime axali qarTulisebri forma Segvxvda:iama mas kacsa da wlis mosavlisa mkiTxa. yvela kargi vuTxari(saba, s.s., 101);vai, Cemo rZalo, ra ubralod momkalio! (saba, s.s., 128);52

Tvara misTvis vqmeni es saqme, salaroc Tqvensav sicocxleSi win waimZRvanoda glaxaks uboZo, isi sjobs (saba, s.s., 147);radgan erT avs kacs mimeci, me aRar vikadreb amis gamocvlaso (saba,s.s. 110);egreve dRe yovel viyavi (saba, s.s., 38).aqve aRmoCnda mr. ricxvSi mdgari I yalibis zmna -i elementis gare-Se. igavSi `grZneuli colis patroni~ erT-erTi personaJi ambobs:rad SemipyarT, ra SegcodeTo? (saba, s.s, 128).kidev ufro daaxloebulia saliteraturo enasTan `mogzauroba evropaSi~,romelic im droisaTvis mxatvruli dokumenturi prozis pirvelnimuSs warmoadgens. aqac vnaxeT ramdenime magaliTi:im dRes iq viyavi (saba, mogz., 161);me meoresac dResac iq davdeqi (saba, mogz., 161).rac Seexeba `swavlans~, igi religiur-samoZRvrebo xasiaTis Txzulebaa,sadac saubari qristianuli mrwamsis, sasuliero Tematikis garSemomimdinareobs. amgvari Txroba, cxadia, Zvel samwerlobo enasa dastils gulisxmobs. amitom am nawarmoebSi `movkali~ tipis zmnebi arc Segvxvedria.magram vnaxeT mr. ricxvis forma I yalibisa, sadac Tanxmovan-Tgamyaris funqciis mqone -i ar Cans. es aris Txzulebis Semdegi frazisB variantSi, sadac A variantSi -i sufiqsiani forma upirispirdeba:da suli wmida saxiTa tredisaÁTa daadgra Tavsa misa. amiT vscanT(saba, swavl., 229, 9).`guramiSvilma daamkvidra axali qarTuli saliteraturo ena, misidamsaxureba poeziis sferoSi iseTivea, rogoric prozaSi sulxan-sabaorbelianisa~ (kekeliZe... 1954: 451). `daviTiani~ sxvadasxva Janris nawarmoebTakrebulia. aq bibliuri siuJetis fonze qveynisa da kacis tragikuliambavia leqsad moTxrobili. `qarTlis Wiri~ da `swavla moswavleTa~ Zvelida axali aRTqmis epizodebiTaa gajerebuli. calke aRsaniSnavia guramiSvilisreligiuri lirika, romelic locviTi xasiaTisaa da fsalmunur-himnografiultradiciebs ukavSirdeba. swored sasuliero Tematikaganapirobebs imas, rom `daviTianis~ am nawilSi versad vxvdebiT `movkali~tipis zmnebs, samagierod, aqve, `ukvdavebis wyaros igavSi~ moviniSneTZveli qarTuliseuli forma mr. ricxvisa, sadac simravlis aRmniSvneli53

sufiqsis win narTauli -i ar gvaqvs. es niSandoblivia, macxovris Sobisada jvarcmis amsaxvel monaTxrobSi arsad Cans axali, magram vxvdebiTZveli saliteraturo enis adreuli etapisaTvis damaxasiaTebel formas:agreTve mzrdeli yovelTa vscanT gasazrdeli bagiTa (daviTiani,38. 80, 4).`poeti enobrivad ganarCevs sxvadasxva Sinaarsis mqone epizodebs(baramiZe). sasuliero Tematikaze daweril leqsebSi igi upiratesadarqaul formebs iyenebs, saero Tematikaze Seqmnili leqsebi ki, piriqiT,cocxali metyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel formaTa siuxviT gamoirCeva~(jorbenaZe 1987: 34).`d. guramiSvilis poetur enaSi Zveli qarTulis elementebi,arqaizmebi, stiluri komponentis rols asruleben... mis nawerebSi Zveliformebi gvxvdeba religiuri xasiaTis leqsebSi romelTa enobriviqsovilis saTanado arqaizacia bunebrivi Cans~ (ZiZiguri 1980: 12).sayuradReboa, rom sulxan-sabasTanac da d. guramiSvilTanac am tipisarqaul formaTagan erTi da imave fuZis `vscanT~ zmnebi gamovlinda.calkea aRsaniSni daviT guramiSvilis `qacvia mwyemsi~, romelic sayofacxovrebopoemas warmoadgens. es aris naxevrad iumoristuli, sasiyvaruloTemaze dawerili didaqtikuri poema. I yalibis narTaulxmovnianizmnebi guramiSvilTan mxolod `qacvia mwyemsSi~ vnaxeT:mRrdelman miuTxra: `rogor dagkali?gamagebine me gza da kvali,aseTi ra vqeni (daviTiani, 216, 247, 1-3).moyvanil strofSi pirveli zmna Tu mosazRvre striqonis daboloebasTanaagariTmuli, `vqeni~ zmnaSi -i xmovnis darTva amgvarad Seupirobebelia.analogiuri viTarebaa momdevno magaliTSic:Sen rom im qalTan ar Seigine,RvTisa mcnebazed igulTmodginehqeni moTmineba, amisTvis inebaSenTvis keTili (daviTiani, 251. 505, 3).-i elementiani formebia erTmaneTTan gariTmuli amave teqstSi:es rad ara vqeni,rasTvis Seviqeni54

ase ucebi (daviTiani, 221. 285, 3-4);Tasi gTxoes da Sen ar mieciSvilsa da sarZlos orsav gvieci (daviTiani, 202. 155, 1-2).mosazRvre riTma Seapirobebs narTauli -i-s darTvas `aRuTqveni~zmnaSi, Tumca, aq -en formanti uadgiloa, radgan nariani pirdapiri obieqtisaerTod ar aris SesityvebaSi:kacman miugo: viT aRuTqveni,am alags mixvda kurTxeva Tqveni (daviTiani, 211. 216, 1).`axal formaTa simravle kidev ufro gvarwmunebs imaSi, rom`daviTiani~ dafuZnebulia saerTo-saxalxo enis ZiriTad struqturulTaviseburebebze, igi arsebiTad axali saliteraturo enis adrindeliperiodis yvelaze dasrulebul da srulyofil saxeobas warmoadgens~(ZiZiguri 1980: 5).wyvetilis uniSno formaTa gverdiT oriode -i elementiani zmna besikgabaSvilis poeziaSic vnaxeT. ar Segvxvedria Zveli warmoebis `movkalT~tipis formebi:qirmans mxari Cauare, qoistnisa vZie gzani,yaiyubads Sevemone, qeqeozad Sevecani (bes., 73. 22, 2);Wari srulad vialafe, avdeqi da d a v d e q WarTals (bes., 74. 30, 1).bolo magaliTSi gverdi-gverd aris -i elementiani da uniSno erTifuZis zmnebi.axlebur warmoebas mimarTavs XVIII saukunis dasasrulisa da XIXsaukunis dasawyisis moRvawe ioane batoniSvili `kalmasobaSi~ anu `xumarswavlaSi~,sadac naxevrad saxumaro toniT gadmocemulia mecnierebis yveladargis enciklopediuri cnoba. aq cocxali dialogi da mecnierulimsjeloba erTmaneTs enacvleba. `kalmasobaSi~ I yalibis mraval uniSnozmnaTa Soris aRmoCnda ramdenime -i elementiani formac:me Seni laparaki ar vici, weRanve giTxari ukatixizmosi xar(batoniS., II, 149);da aw miTxar, Tu viTar iubeni mitropolitTan (batoniS., II, 216).aqvea `iuben~ uniSno warmoebis zmna:55

amas zeda keTilad iuben, viTarca skolaTa Sina giswavies daviTuZlevelisa mier gardmocemulni sxvaTa mowafeTagan mocemulni Cvenda(batoniS., II, 147).Txzuleba 1828 wels dausrulebia avtors. logikuria, Tu XIX saukunisdasawyisis prozaul teqstSi I yalibis mx. ricxvis -i elementianformebs vnaxavT, magram ver vxvdebiT `movkalT~ arqauli warmoebiszmnebs.samarTlebrivi Zeglebidan XVI saukunis sigelSi aRmoCnda -i elementianiforma:sadac rom dagasaqme _ an yaenTan da an xvanTqarTan _yovelgniT kargis saqmobiT mimoxvedi (sam. Zegl., II, 192).mx. ricxvis formebTan narTauli xmovani ar dadasturda saSualiqarTuli enobrivi periodis istoriul sabuTebsa da warwerebis korpus-Si. Tumca, SeiZleba, Tavad masalis simciris gamo ver vnaxeT CvenTvis sainteresoformebi. I yalibis mx. ricxvis -i elementian zmnebs verc `qar-Tlis cxovrebaSi~ mivakvlieT, garda erTi mogviano xanis xelnawerisa. esaris `axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ gagrZelebaTa teqsti, romelic XVIII saukunisSua wlebSi unda iyos gadawerili:rameTu eseodeni boroti giyofies da ara gansZeRi sisxliTa Cuen-Tagan (q. cx., II, 461, 17).axali saliteraturo enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebi aRniSnuliZeglebisTvis Tu ucxoa, samagierod, `movkalT~ tipis Zveli warmoebiszmnebia maTSi aqa-iq SemorCenili.saintereso magaliTs SevxvdiT qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis I tom-Si. XVIII saukuniT daTariRebul erT-erT samarTlebriv ZeglSi gverdigverdaris `davsÃT~ da `davsxiT~ zmnebi. niSandoblivia isic, rom ZvelformaSi Ãaria Semonaxuli, axalSi ki _ xani. amasTan axalSi ar Cansnariani pirdapiri obieqtis amsaxveli formanti. kargad ikveTeba dokumentisSemdgenlis enobrivi pozicia: Sesasrulebeli samuSaos xasiaTi dastili misgan Zveli enobrivi normebis dacvas moiTxovs, cocxali sasaubroenis inercia ki avtors axali formebis gamoyenebisaken ubiZgebs:davsxediT da davsÃT wminda meufe da qarTlisa kaTalikozi evfTvime,davsxiT vezirni da episkopozni da mouravni (sam. Zegl., I, 401).56

amave wignis II tomSi, romelSic XII-XIX saukuneTa Zeglebia Sesuli,`movkalT~ tipis sam zmnas vxvdebiT. isini daculia 1466, 1545 da 1722 wlebiTdaTariRebul dokumentebSi:da Cuensaca Ralatsa da avsa apirebda, RmerTman moguarCina, warmouvelTda Tquen didi vali da namsaxuri dagudeviT (sam. Zegl., II, 134);aw viguleT da vigulsmodgineT da ÃelvyavT saydrisa da monastrisawmidisa giorgisa meored aRSenebad (sam. Zegl., II, 184);aramed maTi naklulevaneba Cven aRvavseT da romel bisonisa Semosi-Ta rusTvel patiosan vyavT (sam. Zegl., II, 361).mr. ricxvis uniSno formebi SemorCenilia `qarTlis cxovrebaSic~.yvela maTgani e. w. `Zveli qarTlis cxovrebis~ qronikaTa krebulSi vnaxeT.sagulisxmoa, rom am arqaul formaTa umravlesoba im epizodebSidadasturda, sadac qristianobaze, ufalze, macxovarzea saubari. miuxedavadimisa, rom XV saukuneze uadresi nusxebi ar mogvepoveba, mainc aSkaraazogierTi gadamweris mcdeloba, xelnaweri dedans dauaxlovos damaqsimaluri sizustiT mihyves sasuliero mwerlobis tradicias iq, sadacTxroba religiur sakiTxebs Seexeba.leonti mrovels `mefeTa cxovreba~ XI saukunis II naxevarSi dauweria,magram Cven xelT arsebuli xelnawerebi ufro gviandelia. erT-erTCanarTSi, romelic XVIII saukuneze uadresi ar unda iyos, amgvari uniSnoforma vipoveT. am monakveTSi meistorie sarwmunoebriv problemas exeba:mSÂdobiT, mefobao israelisao, rameTu ugunurobiT mokalT ubadruknoda warwymedilno (q. cx., I, 37, 5),imave fuZis zmna gvxvdeba XV saukunis anaseul nusxaSi. aqac macxovarzesaubrobs leonti mroveli:mSÂdobiT, mefobao huriaTao, rameTu mohkalT Tavisa Tqvenisa macxovarida iqmneniT mkvlel Semoqmedisa (q. cx., I, 99, 11),juanSeris istoriaSic, romelic aseve XI saukunis II meoTxedSi daweriladiTvleba, aRmoCnda aseTi forma. XVII saukunis mariamiseul nusxaSivkiTxulobT:ganvamravleT codva RmrTisa mimarT, da ara keTilad vipyarT sjuliqristesi da wesi iovaens mcnebisa (q. cx., I, 146, 7).57

daviT aRmaSeneblis Sesaxeb daweril istoriaSi `movkalT~ tipiszmnebs iq vxvdebiT, sadac avtori qristianul mrwamssa da masTan dakavSirebulTemebze hyveba. aqedan erTi zmna XV saukunis anaseul nusxaSiaSemorCenili, II _ XVI saukunis II naxevris WalaSviliseul xelnawerSi:anu Tu viTar moviqeciT da moviReT sjuli qristianobisa da vicanTRmerTi, ismineT moTxrobili abiaTarisa (q. cx., I, 363, 22);amas yovelsa zeda arave dascxra gulis-wyroma uflisa Cuen zeda,rameTu ara SevinaneT, arca gulisxma vyavT, arca jerovnad moviqeciTgzaTa mimarT uflisaTa (q. cx., I, 322, 21).Tamar mefis istoriaTagan ki ucnobi avtoris TxzulebaSi aRmoCndaCvenTvis saintereso forma. `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~ XIII saukuneSidaiwera. aRniSnuli zmna ki XVIII saukunis I meoTxedis TeimuraziseulxelnawerSia:aw moiyvaneT ZaRli, romeli me migecT (q. cx., II, 87, 15).wyvetilis -i sufiqsian warmoebaSi iSviaTi narTaulxmovniani formebisagangancalkevebiT dganan II yalibis zmnebi. am ukanasknelTa umarcvlosayrden morfemas mwkrivis mawarmoeblad mierTvis -i xmovani, romelicrogorc genezisiT, aseve funqciiT gansxvavebulia I yalibis zmnebSidadasturebuli narTauli –i-sgan. saSuali qarTulis Cven mier damowmebulsamwerlobo ZeglebSi wyvetilis -i sufiqsiani warmoebis ZiriTadnawils swored II yalibis zmnebi qmnian, gansxvavebiT axali saliteraturoenisagan, sadac, piriqiT, narTaulxmovniani formebi Warboben.saSual qarTulSi II yalibiT iwarmoeben wyvetilis mwkrivs moqmedebiTida vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi.moqmedebiTTagan amgvar warmoebas mimarTaven -am TemisniSniani zmnebi,-av TemisniSnianTgan _ oriode zmna (davwvi, davfqi) da -eb TemisniSnianTagan_ erTi (gavuSvi).vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTagan II yalibiT iwarmoeba -d sufiqsiani vnebi-Tebi, `uniSno vnebiTTa~ nawili, zogierTi prefiqsiani vnebiTi, agreTvesaTanado statikuri vnebiTebi.moqmedebiTi gvari:-am TemisniSnianebi:wyali swrafiT rad davasxi cecxlsa Znelad dasaSretsa (vefx., 1330, 3);58

guli davabi aTasiTa basriTa toiloiTa (vis., 279, 4);me wamarTvi sicocxle da suli, merme TvalTa Cena (T. I, 110. 87, 1);ver gavZleb meca, Tu nacvlad Tavs ar davartyi xvedai (bes., 59. 90,4);senebi sTqvi da gamxsenda civebiT aZagZageba (daviTiani, 168. 15, 2);maSin Tqven SeirtyiT maxvili Tqveni welTa TqvenTa da aRsdegiTmosrad mterTa CvenTaTvis (sam. Zegl., II, 388).-av da -eb TemisniSnianebi:aRar gavuSviT, daWirva vhkadreT xeliTa CveniTa (vefx., 1217, 4);awca movida Cuen winaSe ariSiani da guehaja, raiTamca gauSuiT dagavaTavisufleT niania, grigol maoÃrebelisa Svili, misiTa mamuliTa ve-ZisÃeviTa (ist. sab., 51-7);guehaja, romel Cuenisa zroxisa Sebmai zed edva fuZesa zeda, ra-Tamca igi gauSuiT (sam. Zegl., II, 36);Rirs varT Cuen RmerTTa CuenTagan borotisa yofasa, rameTu viqmneniTmsaxurebasa maTsa da miuSÂT Cven qristianeTa grZneulTa qadagebadsjulsa maTsa queyanasa Cuensa (q. cx., I, 108, 22);Walas ubadrukSimartoka gavuSvime sayvareli! (daviTiani, 221. 284, 4);rad, sofelo, sxva ar daswvi Cemebr, me mqen dasadage?! (T. I, 110. 85,1);ramdenis rigiT cecxliT damwvi, miT mWirs Zalebi (bes., 8. 4,3).vnebiTi gvari:-d sufiqsiani vnebiTebi:aRar dahbrundiT, moxvediT, Suqni Tqven CemTvis areniT (vefx., 1196, 1);gavficxdiT asre, rome viTamc axla daguewyo omi (am., 256, 7);bnelSi mgdebare gamoved gare,viTa –davRamdi, isev gavsTendi! (daviTiani, 112. 6, 4);Tvara me visze ra danaSauli maqvs, rac cudad ar amimterdiT (saba,s.s., 124);Sen gamosCndi umjobesi yovelTa Soris naTesavTa farnavazisaTa (q.cx., I, 35, 3).59

`uniSno vnebiTebi~:xedavT, viTa muxTlad movkudio viTarTa kacTa ÃeliTao! (am., 613,10);ganvhkrTi, ra vnaxe, romels mdidrad hSvenian Talxni (bes., 91. 2,1);im dRes uwiravi davrCiT (saba, mogz., 228);rasTvis Camogyev baasSi, rad Sevscdi, ra damefeTa? (arC. II, 128, 1);da raJams mivyav Ãeli, vagrZen hamod aRyvanebaÁ da movswydi miwasa(abus. tb., 63, 119);ucxoebiT moxved da Seuvrdi, da zeda-ac maT wyaloba Seni da moganiWesZali kurnebaTa, raTa miT scxovndebodi ucxosa queyanasa (q. cx., I,106, 10);viTarmed Seisuena mamaman Cemman, davSTi yrma mcire mZlavrebasa SinaTaTarTasa (q. cx., II, 287, 11).prefiqsiani vnebiTebi:sulo, moSordi sofelsa, mudam mas rad daebia?! (T. I, 139. 12, 4);ganveri marto da moved Txrobad, var daRalulaTa (T. II, 21. 167, 3);Senis vazirebis sityvis badeSi gaebi (T. II, 169, 31);maT ar icoden, Tu Cvena gavebiT ra gvars maxesa (daviTiani, 102. 536,4);me var, dido yaeno, romeli Semovebi arRun aRas (q. cx., II, 247, 26);rad hqmen gandgoma Cemi da brZanebasa Cemsa rad urC eqmen, da ar-Runs Semoebi? (q. cx., II, 247, 18);vinaTgan Sen ikadre egeviTari boroti, romeli ara ars wesi mefeTa,da muxTlad damesxi Seugrad mZinaresa (q. cx., II, 527, 17);misi mWvreteli daviwvi, gavxe guliTa mkvdariTa (vefx., 1128, 4);ganviSÂ suliTa sawadelisa misTÂs krebulisa da mxiarulebiT aRvivsesamoTxis msgavsis mis lavrisTÂs (sam. Zegl., II, 13);mravali iZaxa: daviwvi, nu damwvavTo (saba, s.s., 77).wyvetilis -i sufiqsian II yalibis zogierT zmnas sayrdeni morfemaistoriulad marcvlovani hqonda. Sesabamisad, isini umwkrivisniSnoni iyvnen:Sevi-rty-i ← Sevi-raty-Ø dav-wv-i ← dav-wu-Ømiva-rTv-i ← miva-rTu-Ødav-fqv-i ← dav-fqu-ØSev-vsv-i ← Sev-su-Øgavu-Sv-i ← gavu-Su-Ø60

va-rqv-i ← va-rqu-Ømov-kvd-i ← mov-kued-Øganv-xm-i ← ganv-xem-ØSev-krT-i ← Sev-kerT-Øam istoriuli viTarebis kvali alag-alag SemorCenilia saSualiqarTulis ZeglebSic:ukmovixaS kari, Cemgan maTi Wvreta vera cnesa (vefx., 1120, 4);davSueriT omiTa da Rone vera avigeT, romelmca moreul viyveniT(am., 301, 4);rad ar movkued mamisa Cemisagan winaT (vis., 52, 17);mikvirs, dReo, rad ver daSver grZel saubar ambis TqmiTa? (T. II, 17.128, 1);axla mec Semovswyer da wamovel (saba, s.s., 118);Ä Cemda, nu ukue da-same-vakle didebasa didisa amis RmrTisa armazissa,anu Se-saqme-vsceT sityuad ebraelTa Tana, gina moguTa Tana smenisa(q. cx., I, 89, 13);raJams avasxen RmerTsa bunebaÁ adamisi da Sev RmerTi da kaci ori-Ta bunebiTa (sam. Zegl., II, 176).d a v a s k v n i T: uniSno warmoebisaa I yalibis `movkal~ tipis zmnebida iSviaTi gamovlinebis formebi, romelTa sayrdeni morfema umarcvlo(dava-b-Ø) an nawilobriv reducirebadia (v-Tqu-Ø). am ukanasknelT axalqarTulSi wyvetilis mwkrivis mawarmoeblad -i sufiqsi miiRes da II yalibiszmnebs SeuerTdnen. nawilobriv reducirebadi sayrdeni morfemismqone zmnebi istoriuli Janris TxzulebebSi, saxeldobr, iuridiul dokumentebsada `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Segvxvda. ramdenime amgvari formasamiode mwerlis calkeul nawarmoebSic SevniSneT. unda aRiniSnos, romdasaxelebulTa umetesoba `vTqu~, `varqu~ zmnaTa formebia. rac Seexebaumarcvlo sayrdeni morfemis Semcvel Zveli qarTulis adreuli safexurisaTvisdamaxasiaTebel formebs, maTgan ramdenime arCilis poeziaSi dadasturda.uniSno warmoebis `movkal~ tipis zmnaTa gverdiT iSviaTad narTaulxmovnianiformebic gamovlindeba. narTauli –i, rogorc cnobilia,enaSi jer kidev IX saukunidan dasturdeba. igi Tavdapirvelad rTuliTanxmovanTkompleqsis gasaTiSad gaCnda mr. ricxvSi. faqti, rom saZiebelienobrivi periodis samwerlobo ZeglebSi mx. ricxvis formebTan narTau-61

li -i iSviaTad gvxvdeba, migvaniSnebs imaze, rom saSuali qarTuli aRniSnulformebSi misi damkvidrebis etaps warmoadgens. anu saSual qarTulSiwyvetilis warmoebis I yalibis zmnaTa mx. ricxvis formebi uniSnowarmoebidan -i sufiqsian warmoebaze gadadis. es etapi SeiZleba 2 qveetapadwarmovadginoT: I _ saSuali qarTulis enobrivi periodis dasawyisidanXVI saukunemde da II _ XVI saukunidan am periodis dasasrulamde.XII-XVsaukuneebi is safexuria saSuali qarTulisa, rodesac narTauli -imxolod mr. ricxvis formebTanaa sistemebr warmodgenili, mx. ricxvSi kiis TiTqmis jer ar moCans. Tumca, am epoqis cocxal metyvelebaSi aRniSnulielementi ukve damkvidrebulad moiazreba. wyvetilis mwkrivis I yalibiszmnaTa warmoebisas aRniSnuli enobrivi periodi axal saliteraturoformebs gzas XVI saukunidan aZlevs. marTalia, `vefxistyaosanSi~`movkali~ tipis ramdenime zmna dadasturda, maTi gamoyeneba aq yvela SemTxvevaSipoeturi aucileblobiTaa ganpirobebuli. XVI saukunis samar-Tlebriv ZeglSi Segvxvda pirvelad amgvari narTaulxmovniani forma. aqedanmoyolebuli I yalibis zmnebTan narTauli -i iSviaTad, Tumca, maincyvelgan gamovlinda, Tu ar CavTvliT sulxan-sabas `swavlans~ da `davi-Tianis~ nawils. orive ZeglSi religiuri Tematikaa win wamoweuli, rac,sasuliero mwerlobis tradiciisamebr, Zveli enobrivi normebisa da Zvelistilis dacvas moiTxovs avtorisagan. aRniSnuli elementi moviZieTam periodis rogorc prozaul, ise poetur TxzulebebSi. Tavad poeziaSiSegvxvda igi ara mxolod rogorc leqsTwyobis iaraRi, aramed rogorcTavisTavadi gramatikuli formantic. arapoetur teqstebSi mx. ricxvisformebTan narTauli –i-s gamovlena ki cxadyofs, rom is saSuali qarTulissamwerlobo enaSi fexs ikidebs.Tu `movkali~ tipis zmnebma Cven mier ganxilul masalaSi mxolodoTxi aTeuli Seadgina, narTauli -i mr. ricxvis formebTan yovelTvisaawarmodgenili, ramdenime gamonaklisis garda. am gamonaklisTa umravlesobas`samarTlis ZeglebSi~ da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ sxvadasxva nusxaSimivakvlieT. xelnawerTa pirvelwyaroebi XI-XII-XIII saukuneebs ekuTvnis.da, rac mTavaria, `movkalT~ tipis Zveli qarTuliseuli zmnebi istoriulqronikaTa im epizodebSi vnaxeT, sadac avtorebi sarwmunoebriv problematikasSeexebian. amave mizeziTaa ganpirobebuli `movkalT~ tipis62

zmnaTa gamoCena sulxan-saba orbelianTan da daviT guramiSvilTan.calkea aRsaniSni arCilis poezia, romelic enobrivi siWreliTgamoirCeva. aq TiTqmis Tanabrad gvxvdeba Zveli da axali formebi. Tumca,arCilis SemoqmedebaSi moniSnuli mr. ricxvis CvenTvis saintereso zmnebisaleqso sazoms emorCileba. saerTod ki `movkalT~ tipis zmnaTa ricxvisaSuali qarTulis samwerlobo ZeglebSi or aTeuls aRwevs.narTauli -i warmomavlobiT da funqciiT gansxvavebulia -i niSnisagan,romelic umarcvlo sayrdeni morfemis mqone zmnebTan gvxvdeba wyvetilismawarmoeblad. esenia II yalibis formebi, romelTac saSuali qar-Tulis sistemaSi ukve gamokveTili adgili uWiravs.4.2. -e bolosarTiani wyvetiliwyvetilis mwkrivis mawarmoebel elementTagan -e erT-erTi produqtiulisufiqsia. rogorc ukve naTqvamia, wyvetilis formebSi gamovlenili-e bolosarTi yvela SemTxvevaSi erTi da igive odenoba ar aris.sxvaa is -e niSani, romelic zmnaTa didi jgufTan gvxvdeba da gansxvavebuliawarmoSobiT is -e sufiqsi, romelic zmnaTa SedarebiT patarajgufTan dasturdeba (gogolaSvili 1984: 42). Sesabamisad, cal-calke ganvixilavTTiToeul formobriv jgufs.-e bolosarTian zmnaTa warmoebas Zveli qarTulidan Tanamedrovesaliteraturo enamde mniSvnelovani cvlileba ar ganucdia. mxolod gaizardaricxvi formaTa, romlebic III da IV yalibiT iwarmoeben wyvetilismwkrivs.saSual qarTulSi mkafiodaa asaxuli axali yalibis gaCenisa TuerTi yalibidan meoreSi zmnaTa gadajgufebis procesi. SesaZlebeli xdebaparaleluri warmoebis yalibTa damowmebac ara mxolod erTi epoqisenobriv ZeglebSi, aramed erTi da imave mwerlis SemoqmedebaSic, rac aRniSnuliprocesis sirTulesa da xangrZlivobaze migvaniSnebs.Cven mier Seswavlil ZeglebSi -e sufiqsian wyvetilTagan III yalibiszmnebi warmoadgenen yvelaze did formobriv jgufs. aq gamovlenili-e elementi yvela SemTxvevaSi marcvlovan arareducirebad sayrden mo-63

femas mierTvis, xolo subieqtis mesame pirs, Sesabamisad, -a sufiqsiawarmoebs:Tmoba vsTxove Semoqmedsa, vhkadre sityva samudari (vefx., 346, 4);viTa Suenoda Wabukobasa Sensa, egre Sehkazme saqme Cuenio (am., 291, 7);RmerTi zraxvida piris-pir, Cven misgan SeviwameTa (T. II. 16, 4);kaTolikoz antonisTan gaizardeT da Tanamdeboba ar iciT(batoniSv., I, 24);da vinaÁTgan viiZule Sekadrebad, Sepyrobili survilisa mier, esecamoTxrobili Ãelvyo (abus. tb., 64, 124).viTareba ucvlelia, roca sayrdeni morfema romelime sufiqsia:movakvlevineT viTari kaci bediTTao (am., 273, 7);ded-mama gvetyvis: `rad SegvarcxvineT?qveyanas Tavi daaZraxvineT (daviTiani, 193. 92, 2);ubralo suli momakvdine, laxvari damec! (bes., 10. 3, 4);iqnebis, rome patronic ambobdes, rom Tavi davaÃsnevineo, marTaliariso (sam. Zegl., I, 548);Svidasi fexi kibe aiars, rac davaTvlevine (saba, mogz., 183).IV yalibis zmnebTan gamovlenili -e bolosarTi sruliad gansxvavebuliaarareducirebadi marcvlovani sayrdeni morfemis mqone III yalibiszmnebTan arsebuli -e mwkrivis niSnisagan. gansxvavebis safuZveli misi -evsufiqsidan warmomavlobaa. -ev sufiqsis gamovlenis faqtebi Zvel saliteraturoenaSi metad iSviaTia. dialeqtebSi araiSviaTia -ev sufiqsi marcvlovanfuZeebTan (vnax-ev-i, movi-tan-ev-i...). es formebi SesaZlebelia IIIyalibis zmnaTa analogiiT iyos warmoebuli, amdenad meoreulia. saSualiqarTulis Cven mier ganxilul teqstebSi msgavsi SemTxvevebi ar SegviniSnavs.igi yovelTvis umarcvlo sayrden morfemasTan dasturdeba:purad da saWmlad mivendev Cemas mSvildsa da cerasa (vefx. 164, 4);gza da kvali veRar gaviReviT (am., 76, 1);netar xar Sen mÃneo, romelman SesZinen RvawlTa CvenTa da cremlnidasTxien da sixarulni moimkev (saba, swavl., 166, 509).arCili -ev sufiqss zogjer metrikis saWiroebiT iyenebs:gavjebireT ors mTas Sua, ukan razmi davawyeviT,ra Seigna, mogvaSura, viTa Smagi mova wyeviT (arC., II, 464, 3).64

vakvirdebodiT rTuli da gamartivebuli III yalibis zmnaTa raodenobrivTanafardobas calkeuli Zeglis mixedviT. aRmoCnda, rom -e bolosarTianizmnebi SesamCnevad sWarboben -ev sufiqsian formebs. amas ver vityviTistoriul sabuTebsa da samarTlis Zeglebze, sadac, piriqiT, aSkaraa-ev sufiqsian zmnaTa upiratesoba. magaliTad, `vefxistyaosanSi~ 47 -ebolosarTiani zmnis gverdiT 7 -ev sufiqsiani forma davadastureT. samarTlisZeglebSi 36 -ev sufiqsian zmnasTan 26 -e bolosarTiani formadasturdeba.istoriuli sabuTebi da samarTlebrivi dokumentebi Sedgeniliasxvadasxva epoqis, dialeqturi wrisa da literaturuli tradiciis pirTamier. maT enobriv maneras xalxuri metyveleba ganapirobebs. xalxur metyvelebasTanyvelaze axlos ki am ZeglTa enaa, sadac yoveldRiuri sayofacxovrebo,saWirboroto sakiTxebia gansjil-dakanonebuli. aqvea -evsufiqsidan momdinare -e bolosraTiani zmnebic.saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca -ev da -e sufiqsiebierT avtorTan erTsa da imave Zireul morfemasTan gvxvdeba. TeimurazI-Tan ramdenime magaliTia:sofeli TqvenTvis Sevamke tyiTa, wyliTa da veliTa (T. I, 109. 80, 2);Sevamkev kedel-yureni, veWv Tavsac kargad buravso (T. I, 142. 5, 2);ena davaSvre da piri, vardi vyare da sul ia (T. I, 98. 309, 3);miTxras vinme: `rad daaSrev cud saqmezed ena Seni? (T. I, 100. 8, 1).Teimuraz II `TimsarianSi~ -ev da -e bolosarTian zmnebTan erTad -vinfiqsian`Sevityve~ formasac iyenebs:Sevitye gzaze _ qmari Sina hyavso da veRar miutane (T. II, 196, 19);me eg yvela kargad Sevityev (T. II, 186, 18);axla momparoda, gana ver Sevityve? (T. II, 187, 32).amgvari paralelizmi gvxvdeba sulxan-saba orbelianTanac. magali-Tad, TxzulebaSi `mogzauroba evropaSi~ -ev da -e sufiqsebi ty ZireulmorfemasTan ramdenjerme enacvleba erTmneTs:ver vnaxe, verc Sevitye. ra iyo (saba, mogz., 156);ver Sevityev rogor momxdariyo (saba, mogz., 202).`swavlanSic~ dadasturda msgavsi paralelizmi:65

SiSveli iyav da arara gamoiRe dedis mucliT SeniT (saba, swavl.,108, 313);SromaTa CvenTa sarewavi ra moiReviT (saba, swavl., 186, 575).`daviTianSic~ aRmoCnda paraleluri formebi:qrTilis puris qerqSi Sig TavTuÃi Cavdeo (daviTiani, 79. 773, 3);ra gamovSigne, cecxli avanTe,mwvadi daudev, Sens Svils mivmarTe (daviTiani, 205. 171, 2).kidev ufro xSiria erTsa da imave Zireul morfemasTan gamovleniliparalelizmis SemTxvevebi arCilis poeziaSi, Tumca aq dadasturebuliparaleluri formebidan umravlesoba swored IV yalibis -e sufiqsianizmnebia. magaliTad, gd Zieul morfemasTan 8 IV yalibis -e bolosarTianida 1 III yalibis -ev sufiqsiani zmna dadasturda, -vl Zireul morfemasTan9 -e bolosarTiani da 3 -ev sufiqsiani forma Segvxvda, aseve -rTZireul morfemasTan 4 -e da 1 -ev sufiqsiani zmna gamovlinda:rad daagde es sofeli, ramca gaklda misi nivTi? (arC., II, 391, 1);ar davagde uboZvari, Raribebi mourTavi (arC., II, 372, 4);ra vqnaT, sofelo, pirvelsa mama-Cvens cToma daadev,sicruvezedan aufle, simarTliT gare ganagdev (arC., I, 27. 64, 3);ganvle me Cemi cxovreba mowyeniT, ara SvebiTa (arC., I, 246. 109, 1);ganvle zRva da xmeleTica, mamawyina xanTa zmama (arC., II, 1056, 3);wavediT naxCuanis gzas, gavleT, mivediT juRasa (arC., II, 938, 1);gardmoviareT lixis mTa, qarTlisa sigrZe CavleviT (arC., II, 540, 1);movirTe Semwed amisda wmidaTa kacTa ikoni (arC., I, 90. 65, 3);SeaTvise da atome, SerTev da aZme da adev (arC., I, 27. 64, 2);ver Sesatyvisad SevamkeT, misTvin gvlevs sxiv-SuqebiTa (arC., I, 130.26, 2);me ritori var, mijnurni Sevamkev xeli xeliTa (arC., II, 783, 4).paraleluri warmoeba dadasturda samarTlis ZeglebSi:da miviRe locva yovelTa mamaTai (sam. Zegl., II, 12);arca-ra gamoerTmeodaT, arc Cven aviReT sauri (sam. Zegl., II, 232);Sevamkve monasteri ese Cueni saZuale da saukuno samkvidrebeli (sam.Zegl., II, 140);66

da dahbade kaci Tayuanis-mcemlad Senda, da Seamkev yovliTave madliTaSeniTa (sam. Zegl., II, 339).amgvarad, saSuali qarTulis Cven mier mimoxiluli samwerloboZeglebis mixedviT -e bolosarTiani wyvetilis warmoebaSi mniSvnelovaniTavisebureba ar gamokveTila. Tumca sayuradRebo iyo zemoxsenebuli paralelizmi,rac rTuli da gamartivebuli III yalibis zmnebTan dadasturda.4.3. yalibTa monacvleobisaTvissaSuali qarTulis Cven mier moZiebul masalaSi gamoiyofa ramdenimejgufi zmnebisa, romlebic wyvetilis mwkrivs erTdroulad ori an metiyalibiT iwarmoebs.paralelizmi umetesad I da IV yalibis zmnebTan gvxvdeba; aq samiqvejgufis gamoyofaa SesaZlebeli: 1) ramdenime zmna paralelur formebsS 3 pirSi gamoavlens, S 1 da S 2 pirTaTvis ki mxolod I yalibis umwkrivisniSnoformebi dasturdeba. esenia `Cavuswar _ Cavuswre~, `SevigrZen _ SevigrZne~,`aRvegzen _ aRvegzne~, `Sevican _ Sevicne~ fuZeTa mixedviTmonacvle zmnebi:Cavu-swar-Ø // __Cau-swar-Ø // __Cau-swr-a // Cau-swr-oficxla Sevje, Cavegebe, me Cavuswar, Cave wina (vefx., 587, 2);SuRli gvqonda, Tqvenc mogveswar, Tqvenma mosvlam gagvaSvela (T. I.88. 224, 4);mun Jamsa rasme Seveswar sicocxlis dasamwaresa (daviTiani, 84. 407,4);veRar aeswra, idumal mokla, verca Tu vcaniTa (vefx., 1103, 3);aaswra siman sindTa mefisa Zeman xosro xazarTa mefisa Zesa (am. 229, 4);bedman Semaswra saSovars, TeTri mergeba me bevri (bes., 58. 78, 2);mefe vaxtangca mibrZanda aStraxnis are-maresa,iq uvaresad Saeswra ambavsa sawyinaresa (daviTiani, 100. 519, 3).67

aRniSnuli zmnis S 3 piris -a da -o sufiqsiani formebi Teimuraz I-issxvadasxva poemaSi gvxvdeba:vTqviT: mogveswra Cven asuli, alvis norCad gvenayofis (T. I. 28. 30,1);daeswro pirvel yovelTa yvavilTa mosvla iaman (T. I. 4. 14, 1).sagulisxmoa, rom aRniSnul formaTa paralelizms sulxan-saba mimarTavs`sibrZne sicruesa~ da `mogzauroba evropaSi~, `swavlanSi~ kimxolod -a bolosarTiani formebia:Tumca unaTlavma ieso qriste aRiara da naTliscema ara eswra daqristesTvis mokles (saba, swavl., 278, 132);ase gaSmagda mkalavi, virsac gauswra (saba, s.s., 70);ra aqimTan Sevidnen, aqimman daaswro, agina da egre uTxra (saba, s.s.,91);ormoci mili vleT da Rame gveswra (saba, mogz., 203);Ramem gviswro, jenevias zevidam erTi sofeli iyo, iq davdeqiT(saba, mogz., 156).dasaxelebuli zmnis formobrivi paralelizmi dasturdeba ioanebatoniSvilis `kalmasobaSi~ da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ sxvadasxva avtor-Tan:aman moiloca ierusalimi da daeswraca krebasa Sina da sibrZniTaTvisiTa amxila mwvalebelTa (batoniS., II, 165);garna uswro maT siRameman da dasdgnen sajavaxosa gardmosavalsamTasa zeda (batoniS., II, 59);da aravin ganera maTgani, garna romeli Seeswra zRuad da ivltodesnaviTa (q. cx., I, 176, 2);xolo wmidaman nino Seuswro cixed armazad (q. cx., I, 89, 5).ganxiluli SemTxvevidan aSkaraa, rom I yalibis -a bolosarTianiformebi sWarboben -o sufiqsian zmnebs, Tumca, zog avtorTan mxolod esukanaskneli formebi gvxvdeba:amasobaSi qmari moeswro mas diacsa (T. II, 164, 28).vi-grZen-Ø // __i-grZen-Ø // __i-grZn-a // i-grZn-o68

vefxi-avaza pir-quSad zis, wyroma ver vugrZeniTa (vefx., 1147, 2).da raJams mivyev Ãeli, vagrZen hamod aRyvanebaÁ da movswydi miwasa(abus. tb., 63, 119);ramins gulman ugrZna, romel egden hamo yofna daumwardeboda (vis.,152, 36);gaukvirda mefesa da siqiSpe maTi ver agrZna (saba, s.s., 18);xolo igrZna saurmag, da warvida farulad da ivltoda (q. cx., I,26, 19).IV yalibis -o sufiqsiani formebi ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasoba-Si~ vnaxeT:mir mefe wylulebiTa Seurvebulman grZno, romel mokvdebis igi(batoniS., II, 85).aRva-gzen-Ø // __aRa-gzen-Ø // __aRa-gzn-a // aRa-gzn-ohaRvagzen yovli gulisTqma, aRvlaRen va maRla qedi (arC., I, 269);maSin gamoCnda cxadad, raJams gesma umTavresisa Senisa qarTladmoyvaneba, da aRegzen SuriTa borotad (q. cx., I, 197, 5);gulisa Cemsa aseTi cecxli aegzna, romel Tmoba da sixaruli orivedamiwua (vis., 289, 9).paraleluri formebi sxva ZeglebSi aRmoCnda:Sambisa pirsa gardaxda, cecxli daagzo kvesiTa (vefx., 192, 4);aegzno nakvercxali da garecxils gvanda (saba, mogz., 200);maSin aRegzno risxviTa murvan-yru (batoniS., II, 79).vi-can-Ø // __i-can-Ø // __i-cn-a // i-cn-oSevsTvale: `ramaz mefeo, vcan Seni danapirebi (vefx., 419, 2);Tu kacni vinme ginaxvan bediTni da maTi ambavi vera scaniT, ra sakuirvelia(am., 12, 6);ra axla ican sawuTro dasabamiTgan mzrunavi,mibrZane misi Semxebi vin darCa gauTxunavi?! (daviTiani, 101. 526, 3);aw mivediT darielamdis da vscaniT ese (sam. Zegl., I, 401);69

da vcan sicruvenni Senni, romelTa bWe RmerTi iyos! (q. cx., II, 93, 13).S 3 piris formaTagan I yalibis formebi ufro xSirad gvxvdeba:maSin scna xanTa mefeman Sesvla iamanTagan (am., 130, 1);Sen, Semoqmedi, ver gicna, ver miswvda miuwdomelsa (T. I, 15. 7, 2).iman gvikiTxa, gvicna (saba, mogz., 170);da scna ese alaTemur, aiyara bargiTa da dedawuliTa (q. cx., II, ).arCilisa da ioane batoniSvilis TxzulebebSi erTimeoris gverdi-Taa -a da -o sufiqsiani formebi:ra gamicna, Tayvanismca, ena iwyo SesamkobraT (arC., II, 255, 3);usazomod gaexara, scno sacolo qalwuli hyva (arC., I, 168. 263, 1).arCilTan Tu -a sufiqsiani formebi sWarboben -o bolosarTianebs,`kalmasobaSi~, piriqiT, IV yalibis -o sufiqsia umravlesobaSi:da icna boqaulTuxucesman, romel ese iyo aznaurTagani raWisa(batoniS., II, 117);meTodimac ra gamoscno berisa mun yofa, siyvaruliT moikiTxa daSeitkbo didad (batoniS., II, 60).2) calkea aRsaniSni I da IV yalibTa monacvleobis iseTi SemTxveva,roca formobrivi paralelizmi S 1 _ S 2 pirebSia warmodgenili, S 3 pirSiparalelizmi ar dasturdeba: e. i. erT-erTi paradigmaa nakluli. rodesacI paradigmaa nakluli, amis magaliTi `davakel _ davakle~, `gavsZel _ gavsZle~fuZeTa mixedviT monacvle zmnebia.dava-kel-Ø // dava-kl-edaa-kel-Ø // daa-kl-e______ // daa-kl-oqristianman uTxra: mahmadi rad daakelo ( saba, s.s., 72);razom gamsaja sofelman, cda ar davakel sikvdimdi,ar gavstydi, arc Seuzardi, vire ar movhkvdi, manamdi (arC., II, 1095, 1);ase gavaCineT da gavarigeT, rom rac zogisa mosaklebeli iyo, moukeliT,da zogi, rogorc ZvelTagan yofiliyo, agreve gavarigeT (sam.Zegl., II, 410).paraleluri -e sufiqsiani formebi ki `visramiansa~ da `qarTliscxovrebis~ erT-erT nusxaSi vnaxeT:rais mizezisaTuis davikle aqamdisi siymisa sixaruli (vis., 182, 32);70

Ä Cemda, nu ukue da-same-vakle didebasa didisa amis RmrTisa armazissa,anu Se-same-vsceT sityuad ebraelTa Tana, gina moguTa Tana smenisa(q. cx., I, 89, 12).S 3 piris -o bolosarTiani zmnebi `daviTianSi~, da sulxan-sabasTxzulebebSi dadasturda:wyalman mravali aklo, Semcirda,meaTis Tvemdi mTa wyals Sescilda (daviTiani, 256. 549, 1);wavida, xuTasi marCili daTvala da aTi daaklo (saba, s.s., 115).ra jenovanis TemSi SevediT, kldem iklo da tyem imata (saba, mogz.,154);vinaTgan nebsiT daaklo, saidumlo ara Sesruldebis (saba, swavl.,292, 163).SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom aq `daakla~ formis uqonloba omonimiisaganTavis aridebis faqts warmoadgens. es ukananskneli mokvdinebis Sinaarsismqone zmnas rom ar damsgavseboda, enam IV yalibis -o sufiqsianiformiT Caancvla.gavs-Zel-Ø // gavs-Zl-egas-Zel-Ø // gas-Zl-e______ // gas-Zl-oveRar gavuZel, igica movkal guliTa xeliTa (vefx., 900, 4);veRar gauZel Svid zafxul mowyeniT cudad gdebasa (T. I, 23. 68, 2);amiT gavsZle, romel ramin Sensa guerdiT iyo (vis., 119, 27);veRar gavsZleT uRomoba, guriisken viwyeT reba (arC., II, 568, 2).saintereso viTarebaa `daviTianSi~. poetur nawilSi avtori yovel-Tvis I yalibs mimarTavs, IV yalibis -e sufiqsian formas ki daviT guramiSvilimxolod anderZ-minawerSi, gauleqsav nawilSi xmarobs:movkvdi, damrCa unaTlavi, ver SeviZel me simwiriT,vinc monaTlavs, me mas vlocav codvilisa Cemis piriT (daviTiani,23. 10, 3);Cemis ÃeliT meti ver SeviZle da sxva veravis vendev amis mouparaobismizezebiTa (daviTiani, 284).paraleluri formebi `samarTlis ZeglebSic~ aRmoCnda. saxeldobr,-e bolosarTiani zmna 1125 wlis daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZSi aRmoCnda, I71

yalibis umwkrivisniSno formebi ki XVIII saukunis wyalobis sigelSi davaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulSi dadasturda:da ver uZle datevebad sawuToÁsa, vidre ara damiteva me sawuToman(sam. Zegl., II, 19);da Tu meti SeviZeliT, mets movarTmevT didebulebasa Tquensa (sam.Zegl., II, 425);rameTu Cven asre SeviZeliT da davwereT (sam. Zegl., I, 225).S 3 piris -o sufiqsiani formebi sxvadasxva ZeglSi gamovlinda:rad davviwydi, ra mivscildi, rad ver gasZlo, ra misWirda? (vefx.,836, 2);mere kula veRar gauZlo gulman da mivida sarkumelTa zeda (vis.,247, 16);veRar gaZlo, man icocxla xani rame dia mcire (T. I, 83. 190, 1);mis gamo veRar SeiZlo man qveynis patronobani (daviTiani, 53, 186, 4);avsityvam mefis unaxaoba veRar gasZlo da wavida maTad naxvad (saba,s.s., 32);Tvinier uflis vervin SeuZloTavis Tvisisa mtkiced mcveloba (arC., I, 244. 98, 7).yalibTa zemoT ganxilul monacvleobas mieuTvneba `davaskven _ davaskvne~,`Sevigen _ Sevigne~ tipis monacvleoba im gansxvavebiT, rom aq ukveIV yalibis paradigmaa nakluli, saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi aRniSnulzmnaTa S 3 piris -o sufiqsiani formebi ar dadasturda. Tumca`daaskvno~ forma arc axal saliteraturo qarTulSi gvxvdeba:dava-skven-Ø // dava-skvn-edaa-skven-Ø // daa-skvn-edaa-skvn-a // ______aRsaniSnavia, rom paraleluri warmoebis formebi mxolod arCil-Tan, erTsa da imave poemaSi Segvxvda:gamomistumra, wamovel, kaci Tan gamomatana,mec neba davrTe, davaskven me misi aq wamotana (arC., II, 419, 2);viTa daaskven gawirva Sen Cemi gul-nalebisa (arC., II, 388, 4);davaskvneT omi algeTzed, mivmarTeT guliT magarTa (arC., II, 635, 1).72

ac Seexeba S 3 piris -a bolosarTian formebs, sam avtorTan eqvsiodezmna moviTvaleT:farsadans wina daaskvna gagzavna mociqulisa (vefx., 309, 1).vera romelman daaskvna (saba, s.s., 65);arCives, mefem daaskvna Tavisis elCis gagzavna (arC., II, 484, 1).Sevi-gen-Ø // Sevi-gn-eSei-gen-Ø // Sei-gn-eSei-gn-a // ____me sarkmelTa gardavadeg, ra Sevigen, ar mohyides (vefx., 1123, 1);sibnelisagan Tavisi gza veRara SevigeniT (am., 431, 8);ra mravali gulisTqma Sevqmen, mis senis Tavi Sevigen (saba, s.s., 92).arCilis poemaSi dadasturda -e sufiqsiani forma. aqve vnaxeT aRniSnulizmnis -ev sufiqsiani formac:ra SevigneT misi mosvla avemzadeT Cvenc saomrad (arC., II, 548, 1);Tumc maSin ver SevigneviT, merme Segveqna Civili (arC., II, 687, 4).S 3 piris -a bolosarTi sxvadasxva ZeglSia:Seigna mislva mefisa misad ukana mdevelad (vefx., 95, 4);Tavisa gza da kuali veRara Seigna (am., 255, 1);ra daudasturda moabads visis qalwuloba, Tavisa gza veRara Seignamijnurobisagan (vis., 55, 32);Seigna vazirman, yovelive amxanagTa xriki iyo (saba, s.s., 18);ra amaTi xma Seigna, yarCixaxans uwyo daRva (arC., II, 600, 4).3) saSuali qarTulis Cven mier Seswavlil ZeglebSi `Sereuli paradigmis~nimuSs warmoadgens Semdegi magaliTi:va-mcen-Ø // ___a-mcen-Ø // ________ // a-mcn-oes I da IV yalibTa monacvleobis is SemTxvevaa, roca S 1 _ S 2 pireb-Si I yalibis uniSno formebia mxolod warmodgenili (ar Cans -e bolosarTi),S 3 pirSi ki, piriqiT, ar dasturdeba I yalibis -a sufiqsiani formada piris niSnad marto -o bolosarTi gvxvdeba:mis xisgan sWame, romlisgan gamcen, dagidev sjulia (T. II, 7. 48, 2);73

aramed eklesiaTa wmidaTa da kacTa RmrTis msaxurTa ekrZalebodeT,viTarca igi gamcen kuransa Sina Cemsa (q. cx., I, 238, 4);sakmao wmindani gyoliaT qarTvelTa da gmadlob, romel kargad Semamcencxovrebasa maTsa (batoniS., II, 161);da yovelni igi mcnebani Senni, romelni mamcen, davimarxen (sam.Zegl., I, 124).mravlad gvxvdeba S 3 pirSi -o sufiqsi:Tvalman guls amcno caTa Sveneba (daviTiani, 243. 445, 1);amcno ese mwyemsoba da aswava winamZRroba petres (saba, swavl., 208,645);Tav-uyav mamasa Sensa da dedasa Sensa, viTarca gamcno Sen ufalman(sam. Zegl., I, 105);maSin miumcno gurielsa saqme ese (q. cx., II, 501, 18).wyvetilis formaTa paraleluri warmoebis calke jgufs qmnianzmnebi, romlebic aRniSnul mwkrivs I da II yalibebis mixedviT iwarmoeben.aseTia `davSver _ davSvri~, `gardavÃed _ gardavÃdi~, `movkued _ movkudi~,`SevsceT _ SevscTi~, `Sevkerb _ Sevkrbi~ formaTa mixedviT monacvlezmnebi.`davSver _ davSvri~ da `gardavÃed _ gardavÃdi~ formobrivi paralelizmiI da II yalibTa monacvleobis iseTi magaliTia, roca saSualiqarTuli I yalibs aZlevs upiratesobas, II yalibis zmnebi ki iSviaTobaswarmoadgens: magaliTad, `davSver _ davSvri~ monacvleobisas I yalibis10 zmnasTan II yalibis mxolod 1 zmna dadasturda:me davSver viTa wesia saurav-gadaxdilisa (vefx., 546, 1);davSueriT omiTa da Rone vera avigeT, romelmca moreul viyveniT(am., 301, 4);vinaÁTgan gvixileniT Cven glaxakni da moSveriT CvenTvis (saba,swavl., 207, 642).II yalibis -i sufiqsiani zmna gamovlinda Teimuraz II-is poemaSi. amaveavtorTan I yalibis formebic aRmoCnda:mikvirs, dReo, rad ver daSver grZel saubar ambis TqmiTa? (T. II, 17.128, 1);74

vuTxraT: `rad daSvri tyuilzed, rad sTqvi ar iyo wesio (T. II, 122.2, 1).igive iTqmis `gardavÃed _ gardavÃdi~ formaTa monacvleobaze: I yalibiszmnebi Segvxvda TiTqmis yvela avtorTan, II yalibisa _ iSviaTad:gvyves laSqarni uTvalavni, wylisa pirsa gardavxediT (vefx., 197, 2);da eseviTariTve sakÂrvelebiTa mravalni gamoiÃsnna aman wmidamanÃelisagan warmarTTaÁsa, romlisa aRwerasa TanawarvÃed simravlisaTÂssakÂrvelebaTaÁsa, RmrTisa moyvareno (abus. tb., 61, 89).paraleluri warmoeba `daviTianSi~ da arCilis poeziaSi gamovlinda:me Sensa mcnebas gardavÃe, amad aRara miwame (daviTiani, 264. 23, 2);amaze wavÃdi, mcnebas gardavÃdi (daviTiani, 163. 14, 3);naTlisReba Sevagine, sjuls gardavÃed siWabukebs (arC., I, 65. 6, 1);JamTa simuxTlem ese qmna, gardavÃdiT me da i sari (arC., I, 89. 61, 3).saSuali qarTuli Tu zemoT ganxilul SemTxvevebSi I yalibis formebsaniWebs upiratesobas, `movkued_ movkudi~, `movsceT _ movscTi~ formaTamonacvleobisas aRniSnuli enobrivi periodis samwerlobo Zegleb-Si, piriqiT, II yalibis -i mwkrivisniSniani formebi dominireben:vai Tavsa Cemsa, romel ara winve movkued, raTamca ara smenil iyoyurTa CemTa (q. cx., I, 99, 12).`visramianSi~ formobrivi paralelizmi dadasturda:rad ar movkued mamisa Cemisagan winaT (vis., 52, 17);rad ar masve kargsa yofasa Sigan myofi movkudi?! (vis. 225, 38).TiTqmis yvela danarCen ZeglSi II yalibis zmnebi Segvxvda.analogiuri viTarebaa `SevsceT _ SevscTi~ formaTa mimarTebisas:gamwire da meca movsceT (vis., 238, 10);Ä Cemda, nu ukue da-same-vakle didebasa didisa amis RmrTisa armazissa,anu Se-same-vsceT sityuad ebraelTa Tana, gina moguTa Tana smenisa(q. cx., I, 89, 13);kvlav Tavsa dagmobs: `uWkuod SevcTio viTa suleli (bes., 57. 74, 1);Sevscdi da mwyemssa wauvel, gaudeq mrudaT Zovnasa (daviTiani, 108.584, 1);risTvis Camogyev baasSi, rad Sevscdi, ra damefeTa? (arC., II, 128, 1).75

`SevkerbiT _ SevkrbiT~ formaTa monacvleoba JamTaaRmwerlisTxzulebis sxvadasxva nusxaSi gvxvdeba. saxeldobr, I yalibis zmna vaxtangisSemdegdroindel (v) xelnawerSia, xolo II yalibis -i mwkrivisniSnianiforma rumianceviseul nusxaSi dasturdeba:Cven yovelni amad SevkerbiT, raTa ganvagoT xaraja Tqueni da brZanebaTqueni aRvasruloT (q. cx., II, 217, 4);ara gandgomad SevkrbiT, aramed raTa ganvagoT saqme Tqueni da xarkigangiCinoT (q. cx., II, 215, 18).I da II yalibTa monacvleobis magaliTia `davxaS _ davxSi~ paralelizmi.I yalibis zmna `vefxistyaosanSia~:ukmovixaS kari, Cemgan maTi Wvreta vera cnesa (vefx., 1120, 4).paraleluri forma basili ezosmoZRvris TxzulbaSia:aqa davÃSi sityÂsa wyoba (q. cx., II, 150, 3).I yalibis formad CaiTvleba besikis poeziaSi gamovlenili `damix-Sev~ zmnac, romlidanac istoriulad momdinareobs IV yalibis `damixSe~forma. Tumca, es ukanaskneli saSuali qarTulis masalaSi ar dadasturebula:samarTliani gza daagde, damixSev kari! (bes., 8. 3, 4).saintereso forma aRmoCnda `daviTianSi~. `qacvia mwyemsis~ erT epizodSigvxvdeba `dasci~ zmna. safiqrebelia, es ukanaskneli `dasca~ zmnisII piris formaa, I yalibis `daec~ zmnis paralelurad warmoebuli:dav-ec-Ø // dav-s-c-ida-ec-Ø // da-s-c-ida-s-c-a // da-s-c-aTumca, aSkaraa, amgvari forma daviT guramiSvilis poemaSi mosazRvreriTmiTaa ganpirobebuli:vinc ekalzed dasciaxive, zed acviRmerTman dagzardosT (daviTiani, 198. 1128, 3).saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi moviZieT iSviaTi formebic, romlebicwarmoebis tipiT II yalibis zmnebs miekuTvneba. umarcvlo sayrden morfemasTangamovlenili -i mwkrivis niSani maT -e bolosarTian IV yalibiszmnaTa paralelur formebad migvaCnevinebs. Tumca, formobrivi parale-76

lizmi mxolod S 1 _ S 2 pirebSi dasturdeba. `avenTi~ zmnis arseboba `vefxistyaosanSi~da Teimuraz I-is `Sami-farvanianSi~ ar aris Sepirobebulipoeturi sazomiT:avenTi, damwves mamisa saxmilTa dauSrtobelTa (vefx., 330, 1);ra Sen brwyinvaled aenTi, me dasawvavad mza var da (T. I, 19. 35, 1).aseve ver davadastureT S 3 piris `gerga~ forma, magram `daviTianSi~gvxvdeba `gergi~ zmna, romelic sayrdeni morfemis struqturiTa da -imwkrivis niSniT II yalibis formad moiazreba. saleqso metri arc am SemTxvevaSiwarmoadgens amgvari warmoebis safuZvels:Tu Sen gergi wilad, ficxlav saqorwiladmamas vTxov dasturs (daviTiani., 244. 454, 3).III da IV yalibTa monacvleobis magaliTia `vsZli(v)e _ vsZle~ formaTaparalelizmi, romelic saSuali qarTulis ZeglTa enaSi dadasturda:vs-Zli(v)-e // vs-Zl-es-Zli(v)-e // s-Zl-es-Zli(v)-a // s-Zl-oparaleluri formebi samive pirSia realizebuli:danRizSi qiziyis bolos vZlieT lekTa da mravali aRvxoceT(batoniS., I, 20).`qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ JamTaaRmwereli aRniSnuli zmnis wyvetilsIII yalibiT warmoadgens:garna iqmna qceuleba bedisa xuarazmSas saxlisa da yovlgan viZlie(q. cx., II, 173, 18).igive zmna juanSerTan IV yalibiTaa warmoebuli:ara ZaliTa CemiTa vsZle TarÃans, aramed ZaliTa dambadebeliTa CemisaTa(q .cx., I, 154, 14).juanSerisave TxzulebaSi gamovlinda am zmnis formobrivi paralelizmi.erTi frazis sxvadasxva xelnawerSi sxvadasxva yalibia warmodgenili.kerZod, XV saukunis anaseul nusxaSi IV yalibis formaa, XVII _XVIII saukuneTa mariamiseul da maCabliseul xelnawerebSi ki III yalibis`vsZliveT~ ikiTxeba:77

ara ZaliTa CueniTa, arca simÃniTa, arca sibrZniTa, arca simravli-Ta spaTaTa vsZleT mterTa, aramed juariTa uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesiTa(q. cx., I, 140, 14).S 3 piris III da IV yalibis formebi gverdi-gverdaa arCilis poemebSi,ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasobaSi~, `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~. magaliTad, ar-Cilis SemoqmedebaSi erT -a sufiqsian formasTan xuTi -o bolosarTianizmnaa. TviT poema `visramianSia~ paraleluri formaTwarmoeba:Sensa eSmaksa borotsa veras cdiT veras dasZlia (arC., I, 214. 662, 3);sixarulman sZlo Wmunvasa, daswyda ru cremlTa denisa (arC., I, 195.501, 2).`kalmasobaSi~ erT -a bolosarTian zmnasTan sami -o sufiqsianizmna gamovlinda:da masca sZliva berman, romelmanca moaxsena iamamans (batoniS., II,177);aman sZlo avariis mTavarsa, mWadijvars mdgomaresa (batoniS., II, 188).`qarTlis cxovrebaSic~ analogiuri viTarebaa. paraleluri warmoebadasturdeba TxzulebebSi `matiane qarTlisa~ da `istoriani da azmaniSaravandedTani~:sZlia da aota banaki maTi (q. cx., I, 56, 17);sZlo Trdat da Ãelad Seipyra da iotes banaki guTTa (q. cx., I, 68, 14);da sZlia liparitve, da gaaqcia mefe (q. cx., I, 301, 19);xolo giorgi mefeman sZlo sikeTiTa, sibrZniTa da ZÂr-uÃsenebeliqmna (q. cx., I, 316, 4);da sZlia amir-bubaqar da aota ufrosi Zma, da dajda aTabagad (q.cx., II, 63, 1);amas Sina sZlo msjavrisa da simarTlisa mqonebelman, da gaaqcivnesherni, didebulni aznaurni da lekni (q. c., II, 19, 10).wyvetilis mwkrivis warmoebaSi yalibTa monacvleobis gansakuTrebulsaxeobas warmoadgens iseTi tipis monacvleoba, roca sami yalibiiyris Tavs konkretuli mwerlis enaSi. saSuali qarTulis samwerloboZeglebidan aseTi SemTxveva arCilis erT poemaSi dadasturda. aq erTmane-Tis gverdiT I, II da IV yalibebi gvxvdeba: paraleluri variantebi mxolodS 1 pirSi gamovlindeba:78

moskovs, stambols da ispaans, mas SigniT mTa da baramdi,Cemis saxelis Zeglebi yovlgan davasev manamdi (arC., II, 1095, 4);xuTasTav Subi davasviT kacTa da zogma hunesa (arC., II, 940, 4).IV yalibis formaTa gamoCena orivegan mosazRvre riTmiT unda aixsnas:xisiysac xma dagvivarda, ambobdes laSqris mosvlasve,daTuna iqiT gavgzavne, mters xrmali veRar davasve (arC., II, 1006, 4);raRac darCa sasikvdine, Sen laxvari me damase,rad ar mamklav, rad gindivar, damabere, damanase (arC., II, 1040, 3).zemoTqmulis Sejamebisas davaskvniT: gansaxilveli enobrivi periodisZeglebis mixedviT wyvetilis warmoebaSi yalibTa monacvleobis ramdenimeSemTxveva dadasturda:1) zmnaTa garkveuli jgufi wyvetils erTdroulad I da IV yalibebiTiwarmoebs.2) ramdenime zmna paralelur formebs I da II yalibebiT warmoadgens.3) erTi zmna wyvetils III da IV yalibebiT iwarmoebs.4) gamovlinda oriode iSviaTi forma, romelic SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs,II da IV yalibTa monacvleobazec vimsjeloT.5) aqve dadasturda SemTxveva, roca erTi zmna wyvetilis mwkrivs paraleluradsami yalibiT iwarmoebs (I, II da IV).4.4. wyvetilis mesame subieqturi piris warmoebaZvel qarTulSi wyvetilis warmoebaze saubrisas zogadad S 3 pirisgamoxatvasac SevexeT. aqve aRvniSneT gansxvaveba, romelic am sakiTxTandakavSirebiT Zvelsa da axal saliteraturo enebs Soris gamoikveTa. saxeldobr:Tu Zvel qarTulSi mesame subieqtur pirs mx. ricxvSi -a da –o,iSviaTad ki -n da -d bolosarTebi gamoxatavda, Tanamedrove enas mxolod-a da -o sufiqsebi SemorCa; Zvel samwerlobo enas mr. ricxvSi aRniSnulipiris gadmosacemad -es da iSviaTad -ed bolosarTi hqonda. -es sufiqsidaerTvoda rogorc gardamaval, ise gardauval zmnebs. mogvianebiT -es79

olosarTi mxolod moqmedebiTi da saSual-moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebsSemorCa, gardauval zmnebTan am ukanasknels -en afiqsi Caenacvla, romelicsabolood -nen bolosarTma Secvala. dRes aRniSnul formebSi normad-nen sufiqsis darTva iTvleba. –es-is -en sufiqsiT Canacvleba jer kidevsaSual qarTulSi daiwyo. saSual qarTulSive moxda misi -nen niSniTSecvla. amis faqtebi mravlad moipoveba saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi.saSuali qarTulis enobriv masalaSi -a da -o sufiqsebis SesaxebaRar visaubrebT. yalibTa monacvleobaze msjelobisas yuradReba mesamesubieqtur pirSi formobriv paralelizmze SevaCereT, sadac paralelizmisSesaZlo SemTxvevebSi -a sufiqsian formaTa aSkara upiratesoba dadasturda.gamovlinda iseTi zmnebi, romelTac Cven mier Seswavlil ZeglebSi-a sufiqsianTa paralelurad Teoriulad dasaSvebi -o bolosarTianiformebi ver daeZebna. Tumca, amave masalaSi iseTi faqtebic daiZebna,roca subieqtis -o niSans SesaZlo -a varianti ar moepoveba.rac Seexeba mr. ricxvs, aq yuradRebas mxolod gardauval zmnebzeSevaCerebT, sadac erTmaneTs –es, -en, -nen afiqsebi enacvleba. saSualiqarTuli enis is periodia, sadac samive bolosarTi Tanaarsebobs. aRniSnulsufiqsTa ganawilebaSi araerTgvarovani suraTia, Tumca, zogjerxerxdeba konkretul avtorTan viTarebis qronologiuri Tu Janrobrivimotivacia. saSuali qarTulis adreuli safexuris ZeglebSi -en da -nensufiqsebi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba. `vefxistyaosanSi~ gardauval zmnaTa mesamesubieqturi piris mravlobiTobis gamosaxatavad mxolod -es bolosar-Tia. `amirandarejaniaSi~ ramdenime -en da -nen niSniani forma martoodengviandel danarTSia. magaliTad, erT winadadebaSi orive forma dasturdeba:ra laxtebis cemiT daiRalnen, laxtebi welSi Caipyres da ÃeldaÃelerTmanerTsa zeda Sescvivden (am., 737, 1).`visramianSi~ ki oriode -en sufiqsiani zmnaa, ar Cans -nen bolosar-Ti:siyuarulisa uarakoisa Sedegad uarakosave saerTmanerTosa uwyalogamwiraobasa mihxuden (vis., 267, 7).ver davadastureT -en da -nen niSnebi XII _ XIII saukuneTa istoriulsabuTebsa da lapidarul warwerebSi da arc abuseriZe-tbelis 1233 wliT80

daTariRebul TxzulebaSi. aq yvelgan mxolod -es sufiqsi gvxvdeba. SeiZlebodaTavad ZeglTa moculobiTac agvexsna maTSi axal mawarmoebelTauqonloba. magram epoqisa da ZeglTa Sinaarsis gaTvaliswineba viTarebasTvalnaTels xdis. mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad ar icvleba rogorc amaveperiodis, ise momdevno saukuneTa samarTlis Zeglebsa da istoriulTxzulebebSi. aqac -es sufiqsis ueWveli upiratesoba aSkaravdeba.Zveli viTarebaa SenarCunebuli istoriul TxzulebaTa krebulSic`qarTlis cxovreba~. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ ena jer kidev Zveli qarTulia.igi mxolod iwyebs saSuali qarTulis niSnebis aTvisebas~ (qarTliscxovreba, I, 1955, 046). -en da -nen sufqsebi did iSviaTobas warmoadgens e.w. Zveli ciklis saistorio TxzulebaTa krebulSi. TiTo-TiTo formajuanSeris istoriis danarT nawilSi vnaxeT, saxeldobr, orive zmna XVIIIsaukunis nusxaSia, sadac ioane zedaznelis wminda mowafeze, Sio mRvimelzemogviTxrobs CanarTis avtori. TviT ZiriTad teqstSi ki mxolod -es sufiqsia yvelgan:da yovelsa garemos soflebsa moviden sxuani uricxuni sulni monazonebad(q. cx., I, 211, 12).-nen sufiqsiani zmnac amave epizodSia:da mwyemsad idgnen mgelni virTa (q. cx., I, 211, 13).erTi -en sufiqsiani zmna laSa giorgis-droindel mematianesTan anaseulnusxaSic moviZieT:esdenad siSoresa Sina mividen, romel arca Tu saxeli qarTvelobisaismoda (q. cx., I, 369, 12).Zveli ciklis TxzulebaTagan basili ezosmoZRvris istoriaSicgvxvdeba erTi -en bolosarTiani zmna:ficxlad damorCilden SiSiTa da siyuaruliTa misiTa (q. cx., II, 369, 12).Zveli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ nusxebi XV _ XVIII saukuneebSia gadawerili,Tumca, pirvelwyaroebi gacilebiT adrindel saukuneebs ekuTvnisda, Sesabamisad, axali –en/-nen afiqsebic ar Cans. xelnawerTa avtorebimaqsimaluri sizustiT cdiloben dedniseul formaTa SenarCunebas. gadamwerTacocxali metyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli axali formebi maincaRweven aRniSnul ZeglTa enaSi.81

e. w. axali ciklis istoriaTa krebulSi Semaval TxzulebaTa Sorisberi egnataSvilis `axali qarTlis cxovrebaa~ erTaderTi, sadac -nensufiqsiani formebi Zvel -es bolosarTian zmnebs _ umniSvnelod, -en bolosarTianebski 2-jer aRematebian:da Zlierad Seibnen mun aRaTangi xerxeuliZe da kaxi aslaniSvilidaviT da ornive daiÃocnen mun (q. cx., II, 408, 27);da romelnime kaxni aiyarnen da gahyvnen colSvilianad Teimurazs(q. cx., II, 400, 29);warmoemarTnes da movides xunans da daibanakes mun xunans, romelars gatexili-Ãidi (q. cx., II, 417, 4-5);Serigden dadiani da gurieli (q. cx., II, 361, 24).rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mkvlevarni miiCneven, beri egnataSvilissaxeliT cnobili istoria vaxtang VI-is `swavlul kacTa~ komisiismier aris damuSavebuli 1745 wels. danarCeni ori momdevno teqsti ki arSeiZleba CaiTvalos vaxtangiseulad. isini mxolod XVIII saukunis II naxevrisnusxebSia daculi. am Tvalsazrisis marTebulobas mxars uWers imkvlevis Sedegi, romelic axali `qarTlis cxovrebis~ TxzulebebSi -es,-en, -nen sufiqsTa ganawilebaze vawarmoeT. aRmoCnda, rom am TvalsazrisiTmaTSi sruliad gansxvavebuli viTarebaa. axali `qarTlis cxovrebis~II da III teqstebSi, piriqiT, -es bolosarTiani zmnebi mniSvnelovnad sWarbobendanarCenebs. rac imaze metyvelebs, rom am ukanasknelTa Sedgena-damuSavebasxva avtorTa mier ganxorcielda, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi zemoaRniSnulienobrivi sakiTxi beri egnataSvilis teqstTan iqneboda SesabamisobaSi.beri egnataSvilis istoriis erTsa da imave epizodSi erTi da igivezmna sxvadasxva sufiqsiT gvxvdeba:merme Seiyarnes baraTianni (q. cx., II, 344, 5);Seiyarnen da moadgnen tfiliss (q. cx., II, 344, 2);Seibnes mun gofanTosa da iqmna brZola Zlieri (q. cx., II, 376, 3);daiwyo samduravi da mteroba Camovarda orTaves Sina esreTviTari,rome aqeT es Seiyara da iqiT isi, da Seibnen (q. cx., II, 376, 13).82

dasturdeba `Semoiqces // Seiqcen // Seiqcnen~ paraleluri formebic,rac imaze migvaniSnebs, rom prefiqsian vnebiTebSi normad damkvidrebuliTavisebureba am droisaTvis ukve safuZvlianad waSlilia:warmostyuevnes da warmoiRes mravali natyuenavi da Semoiqces Zleva-Semosilni(q. cx., II, 416, 12);xolo yizilbaSni Seiqcen gamarjvebulni (q. cx., II, 376, 21);maSin sZlia aTabagma da Seiqcnen qarTvelni (q. cx., II, 347, 19).aqve mravlad SeiZleba iseTi faqtebis damowmebac, roca paraleluriwarmoeba erT winadadebaSia:da mieriTgan aRiyarnes da warvidnen (q. cx., II, 379, 29);iZlivnes spa qarTvelTa da ukun iqcen (q. cx., II, 356, 20);ra miewia rostom mefe nodars, gamoubrunden orniv Zmani CxeiZeni,Semoebnen, iomes da daÃocnes iginica (q. cx., II, 422, 14).paraleluri formaTwarmoeba gamovlinda axali `qarTlis cxovrebis~II teqstSic:da aRiyarnen da warviden da miadgnen cixesa birTÂsisa (q. cx., II,469, 23);amisa Semdgomad aRiyarnes da warvides (q. cx., II, 452, 23).gardauval zmnaTa mesame subieqtis mravlobiTobas upiratesad -esbolosarTi gamoxatavs, rogorc XVIII saukuneSi Sedgenil vaxtang VI-issamarTlis wignTa krebulSi, aseve XII _ XVIII saukuneTa saero sakanonmdebloZeglebSi. -en da -nen sufiqsebi ki sxvadasxva saukuneebis sigelgujrebSiaqa-iq iSviaTad gvxvdeba.-nen bolosarTian formas gamoavlens XIV saukunis `Zegli erisTav-Ta~:da Semdgomad mciredisa euflnen yovelsa queyanasa Cuensa (sam.Zegl., II, 102).msgavsi formebia vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignSi da amave periodis(1721 w.) garigebis sigelSi:imas yazaxni daesxnen da is cxvari Zalad wausxes (sam. Zegl., I, 204);rome Tianelnic Semogvexvewnen amas, da Cvenc es gaugoneT ase da amrigad(sam. Zegl., II, 335).ufro iSviaTad -en bolosarTiani formebi dasturdeba:83

ganZlierden nebiTa da brZanebiTa SeniTa... da danipyrnes sapatronodtaxti SvidTave saqarTveloTani (sam. Zegl., II, 353).sxvadasxva saukunis samarTlebriv ZeglebSi erT zmnur fuZesTan paraleluri(-es da -nen sufiqsiani) warmoeba gamovlinda: XVIII saukunisRmrTaebis gujarSi Zveli formaa, XVII saukunis sxva sakanonmdebloZeglSi ki _ axali....moiwivnes SuamdinariT aTormetni ese wmidani mamani (sam. Zegl., II,367);odes moiwivnen uRmrToni lekni saflavsa da monastersa wmidisadaviTisasa, wmidani mRdelT-monazonni da krebulni mosres (sam. Zegl., II,230).XII _ XVIII saukuneTa da XIX saukunis damdegis saero sakanonmdebloZeglebSi -en//-nen afiqsTa simcire logikuria. mdivan-Semdgenelni icavenim Zvel mwignobrul stils, romelic naklebad Seesabameba maT Tanamedrovecocxal metyvelebas.gardauval zmnebTan -en//-nen bolosarTTa regularuli fiqsaciaXVII saukunidanaa SesaZlebeli. Teimuraz I-Tan isini iSviaTad, magram maincgvxvdeba. aq -es, -en, -nen afiqsebi raodenobrivad ise Seefardeba er-TmaneTs, rogorc 64 : 4 : 2. avtori zogjer aRniSnul bolosarTebs erTsada imave fuZesTan iyenebs. magaliTad, `leilmajnunianSi~ samive sufiqsierT zmnasTan dasturdeba:saflavze dadgen mSobelni, sanTels unTeben Sameb da (T. I, 52. 215,13);kars miudgnen mociqulni leilisa ded-mamaTa (T. I, 31. 51, 1);zed moadges Rame bnelsa mas SuqTagan daumalsa (T. I, 35. 83, 4).sagangebo yuradRebis Rirsia sulxan-saba orbelianis Txzulebebi.specialur literaturaSi SeniSnaven: `damaxasiaTebelia, rom saba orbeliani,avtori `sibrZne sicruis wignisa~, romlis ena arsebiTad axaliqarTulia, Txzulebas `swavlani anu qadagebani~ Zveli qarTuli sasulieromwerlobis stiliT wers. ra Tqma unda, sulxan-saba orbeliani am SemTxvevaSiver axerxebs Zveli qarTulis verc morfologiuri da vercsintaqsuri normebis dacvas _ Zveli qarTuli ar iyo misTvis bunebriviliteraturuli metyveleba, Zveli qarTulis normebi mas SeTvisebuli84

hqonda xelovnurad, Zveli teqstebis kiTxva-Seswavlis Sedegad, magramstilis mxriv sulxan-saba aRwevs Zveli qarTuli sasuliero ZeglebisenasTan saocar msgavsebas~ (gigineiSvili 1959: 33).`sulxan-saba orbeliani sruliad ar cdilobs Tavis uflebebSiaRadginos Zveli qarTuli ena, magram zog SemTxvevaSi _ garkveuli stilistikuridaniSnulebiT _ igi didi mxatvruli ostatobiT iyenebs ZveliqarTuli saliteraturo enisaTvis damaxasiaTebel gramatikul formebsac~(gewaZe 1969: 40).gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss exmianeba Cveni kvlevis Sedegic. `swavlan-Si~ 58 -es sufiqsiani formis gamoyenebas uTuod stilisturi funqciaakisria, amgvari arqaizaciiT sasuliero Janris TxzulebisaTvis niSandoblivikoloritis Seqmna.Tumca, amave nawarmoebSi Zvel formaTa gverdiT 9 -en da 3 -nen sufiqsianizmnac dasturdeba.sainteresoa `mieqcen~ forma. es im zmnaTagania (moiqces, dairRues),romlebic prefiqsian vnebiTTa Zvel enaSi moqmed wess ar emorCilebian _-n formants -es sufiqsis win ar CairTaven da amitom Tavisebur zmnaTarigSi dgebian. Zvel qarTulSi aRniSnuli zmna mxolod `mieqces~ formiTgvxvdeba. mogvianebiT, roca -es sufiqsi -en bolosarTma Secvala, mosalodneli`mieqcen~ forma unda yofiliyo, rac am TxzulebaSi dadasturdakidec, e. i. Zveli gramatikuli norma axali formantiT aRiWurva:raodenni uSviloni Svilier iqmnes, raodenni mkvdarni aRdges, raodennimadliTa aRvsebulni saxlad Tvisad mieqcen (saba, swavl., 206, 637).am winadadebaSi gverdi-gverdaa Zveli da axali warmoeba.am nawarmoebSivea paraleluri warmoebis iseTi SemTxveva, roca -esda -en bolosarTebi erTsa da imave zmnur fuZesTanaa gamovlenili:da yovelnive mociqulni Zvir-ZviriTa tanjviTa moswydes da dadvessuli cxovarTaTvis qristesaTa (saba, swavl., 208, 645);uwesoni iyvnen da nametnavisa miRebiTa viTarisa risxviTa moswydenda Sjulis kidobanica mieRoT (saba, swavl., 215, 667).sruliad gansxvavebuli viTarebaa `sibrZne sicrueSi~. saero Tematikisigav-arakTa krebulSi gardauval zmnaTa did umravlesobas mr. ricxv-85

Si piris niSnad Tanamedrove qarTuliseuli -nen sufiqsi daerTvis, 74-nen sufiqsiani formis gverdiT 40 -en da 21 -es bolosarTiani zmnaa:moiwivnes sadac iyo saflavi da kidobani igi, daTxares, poves dagamoiRes (saba, s.s., 9);Seicilnen da yadTan saCivnelad wavidnen (saba, s.s., 115);jalabni momZulden da gaveyare (saba, s.s., 86).paraleluri warmoeba zogjer aqac gvxvdeba:slvasa Sina mekobreni Sexvden, samni gaeubnes da man xma ar gasca(saba. s.s., 15);erTi aqlemi da erTi viri, diaR daRletilni, daZmobilden da Tavispatrons gaeparnen (saba, s.s., 54);damoyvrden, didad gaiwyvnen (saba, s.s., 112);samniv gamoebnes da erTad mividnen (saba, s.s., 62).paraleluri warmoeba iSviaTad erT zmnasTan realizdeba:ra mivida mefe, moegebnes, dasves (saba, s.s., 35);ra misi saxeli vaxsene, momegebnen kacni (saba, s.s., 94).zogjer ki samive afiqsia erT fuZesTan:ZoRan romelTa vaWarTa moecaT, igini mun daxvdes (saba, s.s., 15);karga damxvden: gamaTbes, malxines, gamanebieres (saba, s.s., 94);daxvden mefisa vaWarni, cnes maTi mparaoba (saba, s.s., 15);ganTiad movida yadi da mowameni da igi mteri molaca mivides (saba,s.s., 24);mividen masTan (saba,s.s., 27);mividnen mefe da vaziri (saba, s.s., 109).Tu `swavlanSi~ `moiqcen~ zmna -n formantis gareSea, `sibrZne sicrueSi~Zveli norma ukve aRarsad Cans. samive SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli zmna-n elementiT dasturdeba:moiqcnen da masve mZorze SuRli daiwyes (saba, s.s., 145).-en bolosarTiani forma Segvxvda TxzulebaSi `mogzauroba evropa-Si~. CvenTvis saintereso epizodSi Txroba religiur Temas Seexeba:wminda pavle mociquli rom movida aq pirvelado da qriste qadagao,maSinve moiqcen Cveni mamanio (saba, mogz., 225).86

Tumca sulxan-sabas Cven mier Seswavlil nawarmoebTa Soris -es, -en,-nen afiqsTa ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT viTareba am ZeglSi SedarebiTufro axali qarTulisebria. aq Zalze iSviaTia -es sufiqsiani gardauvalizmnebi, samagierod TiTqos Tanabrad gvxvdeba -en da -nen bolosarTebi:francisebma gvicnes. mogvegebnes (saba, mogz., 200);eqvsi fluris Txova dagviwyes, Zliv xuTas marCils dagvjerden(saba, mogz., 155);ar momeSvnen. wmidis papis sasaxleSi damayenes (saba, mogz., 205).nawarmoebSi dasturdeba paraleluri warmoebac. erT frazaSi -enda -nen sufiqsiani formebi gverdi-gverd Cndeba:yoveli kardinali TviTo TviTo movida da xels akoces da gamobrundnenda dasxden (saba, mogz., 171);darbaiselni mogvegebnen. SegviZRven (saba, mogz., 211).zogjer ki -en da -nen bolosarTebi erT winadadebaSi erTsa da imavezmnasTan gvxvdeba:gabrundnen, papas Tayuanisces. gamobrunden (saba, mogz., 171).XVII _ XVIII saukuneebis mweralia arCilic. magram sulxan-saba orbelianisagangansxvavebiT, mis poeziaSi Zvel formebs ufro xSiradvxvdebiT. magaliTad, poemaSi `gabaaseba Teimurazisa da rusTvelisa~gardauval zmnebTan 107 –es, 54 -en da 23 -nen sufiqsiani forma davadastureT.marTalia, `visramianSi~ -en bolosarTiani formebi Warboben, maincmTlianobaSi suraTi ar icvleba.aqac bevri iseTi magaliTis damowmeba SeiZleba, roca erT zmnurfuZesTan -es, -en, -nen afiqsebi cvlian erTmaneTs. magaliTad, poemaSi `gabaasebaTeimurazisa da rusTvelisa~ avtori mezobel taepebSi mimarTavsZvelsa da axal warmoebas:avs dRes Seaswro giorgim qali gamdeli, xadumi,ra gamoscildes lomisas, xma aris mo dasadumi (arC., II, 664, 4);gamoscilden lomisasa, ukan mohyva maT giorgi (arC., II, 665, 1).`visramianSi~ -es da -nen afiqsebia erT zmnasTan:yovlgniT movidnen mZlevelni laSqarni gamarjvebulni (arC., I, 143.77, 1);87

movides yovlgniT laSqarni, mindori veRar itevdes (arC., I, 162. 214, 1).aRsaniSnavia, rom erTsa da imave poemaSi aRmoCnda `gagveqcnes~,`gamoeqces~, `gaeqcnen~ formebi. erT SemTxvevaSi Tu norma daculia, meoregan-n formantia CarTuli zmnaSi, ramdenjerme ki -nes bolosarTs -nenenacvleba:somxebi Tu gamoeqces, ra gikvirs Txisgan-uTxia (arC., II, 928, 4);rac gadagvrCa, mal gagaveqcnes, vin-vis wina wauswrobda (arC., II, 555, 1);yvela uomrad gaeqcnen, es vin ar gaikvirosa? (arC., II, 235, 3).es faqti Zveli gramatikuli normis moSlaze metyvelebs.-es, -en, -nen afiqsTa ganawilebis amsaxveli suraTi kidev ufro sainteresodXVIII saukunis mweralTa SemoqmedebaSi gamoiyureba. XVIII saukuneenis ganviTarebis is etapia, roca axali qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeliformebi ukve kargadaa damkvidrebuli rogorc cocxal metyveleba-Si, ise samwerlobo enaSi, magram Zveli qarTulidan momdinare enobrivinormebi jerac ZalaSia. amis mizezi Tavad Zeglis Sinaarsi SeiZlebaiyos, an calkeuli avtoris survili, Zveli samwerlobo tradiciis gamgrZelebladdarCes. amitomac araerTgvarovani viTarebaa Teimuraz II-is,besikis, daviT guramiSvilis SemoqmedebaSi.Teimuraz II-is nawarmoebebSi mcirediT sWarboben axali formebiZvels. mniSvnelovania, rom aq -es da -nen afiqsTa gadanawilebisas gadamwyvetiTviT nawarmoebis Janria. leqsebsa da poemebSi aSkarad SeimCneva-es sufiqsTa simravle, xolo prozaul nawarmoebebSi piriqiT, -es sufiqsianizmnebi axal -nen sufiqsian formebze orjer naklebia. magaliTad,Cven mier moZiebuli 21 -es bolosarTidan 15 poeziaze modis, 6 ki `TimsarianSi~gvxvdeba. 24 -nen bolosarTidan 16 `TimsarianSia~, danarCeni 8 _poetur TxzulebebSi. sagulisxmoa, rom poeziaSi gamovlenili 15 -es sufiqsidan13 Segvxvda poemaSi `sarke TqmulTa~ anu `dRisa da Ramis gabaaseba~.TiTqmis yvela maTgani poemis sasuliero nawilSia, sadac Zveli daaxali aRTqmis ambebia moTxrobili. religiuri Tematika ki TavisTavadZvel formebs gulisxmobs. Tumca poemis sasuliero nawilSi iSviaTad-nen bolosarTiani formebic gvxvdeba, iseve rogorc saeroSi _ -es bolosarTianebi:rad aRiZrneso warmarTni, erman izraxa cudaTa (T. II, 37. 299, 2);88

iyo sibere isakis, mas daubryvildes Tvalnia (T. II, 14. 104, 1);mis nayofis gemos naxviT ig daecnen Wamisagan (T. II, 6. 42, 3).sparsulidan Targmnil `TimsarianSi~ -nen bolosarTis siWarbeclogikuria. sayofacxovrebo Temebze Seqmnil igav-arakTa krebulSi avtoriufro axal formebs aZlevs upiratesobas:spiloebi sul dairujnen da daiwvnen (T. II, 158, 17);da daRondnen vezirebi da munajirebi (T. II, 144, 27).davimowmebT paralelur formaTwarmoebasac, romelsac Teimuraz IImimarTavs xandaxan. `TimsarianSi~ -es da -en sufiqsebia gverdigverd:Semokrbes dResa erTsa Svidnive igi vezirni (T. II, 146, 30);ra brZaneba esmaT, yvelani Semokrben (T. II, 204, 28-29).XVIII saukunis II naxevris poeti besiki Zvel warmoebas mihyveba. mispoeziasa da pirad werilebSi ufro naklebad axal formebsac vxvdebiT.aq -en da -nen sufiqsian zmnaTa ricxvi TiTqmis Tanabaria:cremliT aRmevsnes mwirni Tvalebi (bes., 4. 5, 3);oTxnive Zmani SeiTqvnes, SarvaSis-Zeni mZlevelni (bes., 29. 3,3);TiTo mjiRi erTmanerTsa Semohkres da Seitaknes (bes., 48. 5 1);ros gaSvelden, wacaiqcnen, erTi iqiT, erTi aqeT! (bes., 49. 10, 1);ganeSornen Seuswrebelsa Sesamatsa nayofsa mas politikisas (bes.,106).`besikis TxzulebebSi dadasturebuli arqauli movlenebisxvedriTi wona gacilebiT ufro metia axali qarTuli saliteraturoenisaTvis damaxasiaTebel formebTan SedarebiT... jer kidev ZlieriaZveli qarTuli enis enobrivi normebis gavlena, magram am normebs besikibolomde ver icavs. amis dadasturebas warmoadgens axali qarTulisaliteraturo enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlenebis arsebobis faqti~(JRenti 1989: 163).gardauval zmnebTan mesame subieqtis mravlobiTobis aRmniSvnelafiqsebze warmoebuli dakvirvebac uTuod exmianeba sayovelTaod cnobilazrs imis Sesaxeb, rom daviT guramiSvilma poeziaSi axali qarTuli saliteraturoenis damkvidrebas yvelaze didi samsaxuri gauwia. `daviTianSi~TiTqmis arsad gvxvdeba -es sufiqsi gardauval zmnebTan. aq yvelgan89

-en da -nen bolosarTebia. aRsaniSnavia, rom am ukanasknelTa ricxvi TiTqmisTanabaria:magram kvlav Sescden mis gzaTa, ra codvis burman monisa,Cacvivden codvis morevTa, gza ver scnes madlTa fonisa (daviTiani,47. 145, 3-4);gamoesalmnen mefesa qarTvelni muÃlzed xveviTa (daviTiani, 102. 540,1);kacs waekidnen gogo da biWi (daviTiani, 199. 134, 1).aris paraleluri warmoebis SemTxvevebic:aRiZren erni, izraxes cudisa mideb-modeba (daviTiani, 28. 6, 3);SeiTqvnen erni, aRiZrnen cudisa ganZraxebada (daviTiani, 38. 82, 4).`kalmasobaSi~, marTalia, -en da -nen bolosarTiani zmnebi Zvel -essufiqsian formebs sagrZnoblad sWarboben, Zvel warmoebas mainc Tavisiadgili uWiravs:da odes dauaxlovdes urTierTsa mewinaveni sparsTa da qarTvelTani,pirvelsave kveTebasa Sina mamacad ekveTnes qarTvleni (batoniS., II, gv.120);amazed bevri icines da madlobelni ornive kerZoni ganSorden er-Timeores (batoniS., II, 8);da esreT Zleulni ganibnivnen sparsebi da mxedarni qristesni moadgnenbaxtrianis cixesa (batoniS., II, 111).aq sakmaod bevria iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca erT winadadebaSia Zvelida axali formebi:aRiZrnen bilwni ese da moiwivnes manglissa, romelsa ewoda kvelTa(batoniS., II, 91);ixiles ra beri, yovelnive miesalmnen da moikiTxnes urTierTi dadasxden eseni (batoniS., II, 140);Semoexiznen qarTvelT da dasaxlden eseni (batoniS., II, 228).`kalmasobaSi~ dasturdeba imis magaliTic, roca erT winadadebaSierTsa da imave zmnasTan realizdeba Zveli da axali warmoeba:da odes mtarvalni da sxvani ukve sparsni warviden saxlad Tvisada iyvnen mocul gankvirvebiTa didiTa, movides idumal kacni naTesaviTsomexni (batoniS., II, 118).90

gardauval zmnaTa mesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTobis afiqsTaSesaxeb saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi mopovebul masalas Tu mTlianobaSiSevavlebT Tvals, aseTi suraTi gamoikveTeba:saSuali qarTulis adreuli xanis (XII _ XIII ss.) ZeglebSi -esafiqsia ZiriTadi. `vefxistyaosanSi~ is erTaderTi mawarmoebelia rogorcgardamaval, ise gardauval zmnebSi. `amirandarejaniaSi~ mxolodmermindel danarTSia ramdenime axali forma; `visramianSi~ erTgan Tu SevxvdiTaxal warmoebas. Semdgom saukuneebSi -es sufiqsis gverdiT axalimawarmoeblebi Cndeba. -en//-nen afiqsTa regularuli fiqsacia XVII saukunidanxerxdeba, magram -es bolosarTi mainc inarCunebs Zvel pozicias.XVIII saukunidan moyolebuli ki avtorTa umravlesoba axal warmoebasirCevs.-en da -nen sufiqsTa urTierTmimarTebas rac Seexeba, isini saSualqarTulSi Tanaarseboben. Tumca, yvelgan aSkaraa -nen bolosarTis upiratesoba.SevecadeT, maT ganawilebaSi garkveuli wesrigi dagvenaxa: prefiqsianivnebiTebi ufro xSirad -nen sufiqsian warmoebaze ewyobian; donianivnebiTebi da d Tanxmovanze fuZedasrulebuli sxva zmnebi ufro metad-en bolosarTs dairTaven; saSual-vnebiTebi da uniSno vnebiTebi SualedurmdgomareobaSi arian. xSirad ki paralelur formaTa gamoyenebasstilisturi daniSnuleba aqvs.4.5. brZanebiTis formebisauRlebel erTeulTa raodenobaze msjelobisas mimovixileTTvalsazrisebi, romlebic zmnis uRlebis sistemaSi zogierTi mwkrivisa-Tvis adgilis miCenas Seexeboda. sadavo mwkrivTa Sorisaa e. w. `II brZanebiTic~,romelic wyvetilisagan mxolod funqciiTa da subieqturi mesamepiris niSnebiT gansxvavdeba.gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisisamebr, brZanebiTis formebs ganvixilavTara rogorc damoukidebel sauRlebel erTeuls, aramed rogorc wyvetilisformobriv variantebs, misgan mxolod mesame subieqturi piris niSnebiTgansxvavebuls. sawarmoebeli fuZis principi safuZvelSive gamori-91

cxavs oden funqciiT gansxvavebul formaTa damoukidebel mwkrivebad mi-Cnevas.T. uTurgaiZis azriT, wyvetilisagan II brZanebiTis gamocalkevebaSesaZlebeli xdeba maTi konversiuli wyvilebis meSveobiT:wyv: kavS: brZ:damxate ~ davixate damxato ~ davixato damxate ~ davixatodaxate ~ daixata daxato ~ daixatos daxate ~ daixatos(uTurgaiZe 1996).magram kavSirebiTsa da brZanebiTSi konversiul wyvilTa formobrividamTxvevisas maTi gansxvaveba amjerad ukve mxolod `sintaqsuri garemoTixerxdeba~. morfologiis sferoSi sintaqsuri inventaris Semotanada maTi gamoyenebiT klasifikaciis problemis gadaWra viTarebas mxolodarTulebs da tradiciul gramatikaTa odindel qaosSi gvabrunebs.brZanebiTis formaTa gankerZoebulad mimoxilva emsaxureba mizans,saSuali qarTulis masalaze dayrdnobiT wyvetilis formebTan maTiidenturoba vaCvenoT: gansaxilvel formaTa warmoeba wyvetilis warmoebisanalogiuria. brZanebiTis formebi iziareben TiTqmis yvela im Taviseburebas,rac wyvetilis mwkrivze msjelobisas gaxda sacnauri.I yalibiT warmoebuli wyvetilis sxva danarCen zmnaTa msgavsadbrZanebiTis formebSic iSviaTia mx. ricxvis narTaulxmovniani `movkali~tipis zmnebi. isini aqac ZiriTadad mxatvrul teqstebSia. poeziaSi maTigamovlena umetes SemTxvevebSi saleqso sazomiT aixsneba. narTaulxmovnianformaTa damowmeba umTavresad XVII saukunidanaa SesaZlebeli. Tumca`vefxistyaosanSic~ vnaxeT `movkali~ tipis zmna, romelic mxolod sariTmoerTeuladaa aq gamoyenebuli:amas gkadreb, ar egebis martosagan waslva Seni,Tana ymaTa wamogatan imsaxuren, iaxleni (vefx., 1006, 2).poeturi aucilebloba Seapirobebs amgvari formebis gamoCenas TeimurazII-is, besikis, daviT guramiSvilis, arCilis poeziaSic:ubrZana: radgan codna gaqvs, leqsebi gamosTqvenioginaxavs yvelas, mogwonsca sul Cemni danawernio (T. II, 123. 15, 3);sad fernamkrTalsa martorqis Zalsa,ZliTRa upyrian sikvdilni mzani!92

gawirvad misuls soflis gansasrulsmuSTari Svebad Seamecani (bes., 63. 6, 8);amas gwer grigol kremen-Cukeli,girCev, cotadre Wamas ukeli (bes., 78);kargad ganwyobiT magrad Sekariigvrivad uqmen kidobans kari (daviTiani, 253. 521, 1);qna SiSiT kankaliTqva: `RmerTo, mamkali (daviTiani, 226. 315, 4);magiT sxvas nu emsgavseT, Tqven maRal-xarT da sxva qeni,Tvar kacobas nuRar ityviT da pirutyvni dairqveni (arC., I, 28. 69, 4);saxli davagdo, damrCeba, viT monagleji, naxevi,es Seni usamarTloba, uwyalov, modi, naxevi (arC., I, 38. 154, 4).dasaxelebul SemTxvevebSi riTmaa `movkali~ tipis zmnaTa gamovlenissafuZveli, momdevno taepebSi ki muxlTa Tanabarzomiereba:tansa rac ginda uyavi, Tavs nu Semiryeo (daviTiani, 82. 395, 1);uTxar: ukanve qeni navardi (daviTiani, 244. 454, 2);noem gauSva sarkmliT yorani,scani, Tu RmerTman wyalT uyo rani (daviTiani, 257. 550, 2);batoni Tu jdes mowyeniT, uTqmelad dasulebuli,nurc Sen icini, maTTana dumeni suldaRebuli (arC., I, 9. 54, 2);TaTbiri hqeni, mand ixme, RrubliT mze aRar daWmundes (arC., I, 153.146, 3).I yalibis zmnaTa mx. ricxvis formebTan narTauli -i kidev ufroiSviaTad prozaul teqstebSi Segvxvda:raca gTxovos fasi, mieci (T. II, 193, 17);moiqeci, cxovaro warwymedilo (saba, swavl., 49);Tuca risxva gnebavs Cemi, momkali da amikle (saba, s.s. 149);me Sengan gamigonia sanduravi Cemzed, da ra aris sagani, miTxari me(batoniS., II, 232).93

sainteresoa, rom brZanebiTis arqaul formaTagan `movkalT~ tipisiSviaTi zmnebi umetesad prozaul TxzulebebSi dasturdeba, poeziaSi kimaTi gamoCena TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi leqsTwyobis sakiTxia.istoriuli da samarTlebrivi xasiaTis ZeglebSi aseTi formebi aqaiqaaSemorCenili.leonti mrovelis TxzulebaSi `movkalT~ zmna mariamiseul (XVII s.)xelnawerSia:yovelman qarTvelTaganman romelman povos saWurveli, mokalT igi(q. cx., I, 20, 11).juanSeris istoriaSic Segvxvda aseTi zmnebi. mariamiseul nusxaSidadasturda amgvari warmoeba:Cem zeda da Tquen zeda sworad mowevnuli ars gansacdeli ese, aramedesreT ipyarT, viTarca ara mowevnul ars Tquen zeda (q. cx., I, 148, 1);uTxarT mefesa xuasros: pirvelad ganemzadeT brZolad Cuenda (q.cx., I, 200, 10).es ukanaskneli XVIII saukunis I meoTxedis Teimuraziseul xelnawerSiukve narTauli xmovniT aris warmodgenili (uTxariT).XVI saukunis anaseul xelnawerSi Zveli qarTuliseuli formaa, romelsacXVII saukunis mariamiseul da XVIII saukunis maCabliseul nusxeb-Si axali warmoeba enacvleba:Tayuanis-eciT juarsa da vsZloT mtersa, romelman ara Tayuanisces,mokalT (q. cx., I, 174, 1).vatang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulSi, kerZod, berZnuli samar-Tlis qarTul versiaSi dadasturda `movkalT~ tipis zmna:rameTu ese, romeli vsTqua, gulisxma yavT da daideviT gonebasaTquensa (sam. Zegl., I, 132).sulxan-sabas nawarmoebebidan mxolod `swavlanSi~ Segvxvda am tipisarqauli formebi. Tumca, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, stilisa dagramatikul formaTa arqaizacias aq sxva daniSnuleba aqvs, Seqmnas ZveliqarTuli saliteraturo enis iluzia. amitomac gverdi-gverdaa Zveli daaxali warmoeba:gulisxma-yavT locvasa zeda, moubarno, Tu viTarisa satanjvelisaTana-mdeb xarT! (saba, swavl., 26);94

gulisxma-yaviT, viTar sanatrel ars adgili uflisa da saxliRmrTisa (saba, swavl., 164, 503);sayvarelno, amiT scanT siborote memTvralobisa (saba, swavl., 217, 676);da scanTca marTlmadidebelTa, rameTu samni saÃmar aried puri,Rvino da wyali ziarebad (saba, swavl., 42);scaniT, rameTu ese igi ars ganzaveba (saba, swavl., 43).poeziaSi moZiebuli brZanebiTis Zveli qarTuliseuli formebidanTiTqmis yvela maTgani leqsis sazoms emsaxureba.magaliTad, `vefxistyaosanSi~ axali qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeliformis gamoyeneba Teqvsmetmarcvlian taepSi muxlTa (`rvulTa~) TanabarmarcvlianobasdaarRvevda, amitomac avtorma Zvel formas mimarTa:marTal xarT, momkalT, ra gesmas ambavi gakvirvebuli (vefx., 744, 2).aseTive safuZveli aqvs `momkalT~ tipis zmnaTa gamoCenas TeimurazI-is poetur nawarmoebebSi:hqenT, wadiT galiliasa, mun naxoT _ mielodebiT (T. I, 152. q-4);scanT, ucilod gardaxdebis _ kaci iqmso rasac avad (T. I, 41. 126, 4);icanT RmerTi ukeTesi, sjobs kerpTagan ganyeneba (T. I, 95. 282, 2).igive iTqmis besikis poeziaSi dadasturebul arqaul formebzec.marcvalTa Tanafardoba Seapirobebs maT arsebobas rogorc `rZal-dedam-Tilianis~ Teqvsmetmarcvlian striqonSi, ise muxambazis formiT dawerili`tano tatanos~ taepis monapire muxlebSi:miupyarT yuri mTqmelsaca, amisa warmomCenelsa (bes., 48. 1, 4);mkvdari mijnuri damitireT, damfalT samares (bes., 7. 5,4).analogiuri viTarebaa daviT guramiSvilis `qacvia mwyemsSi~:scanT, maT qnes sarfa ra, aWamva fanfaraedemT xilT nacvlad (daviTiani, 243. 442, 3).roca qristianobasTan dakavSirebul Temebs exeba `kalmasobaSi~,sasuliero JanrisaTvis niSandoblivi enisa da stilis misadagebas ioanebatoniSvili amgvari formebiTac cdilobs:yovelTa mamaT anu uarhyavT qristeÁ da anu Sekrulni SegiyvaneTSinagan eklesiisa Tqvenisa (batoniS., II, 129);hyavT igi, Cven ukve xrwnadisa soflisa amis didebaman vera gangvayenossiyvarulsa mas qristesa (batoniS., II, 129).95

ac Seexeba nawilobriv reducirebadi sayrdeni morfemis mqoneuniSno brZanebiTis formebs, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, Zveli qarTulidanSemorCenili es iSviaTi zmnebi dadasturda `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ dasulxan-saba orbelianis `swavlanSi~. TiTo-TiTo zmnas ioane batoniSvilis`kalmasobaSi~ da arCilis poemebSic SevxvdiT.leonti mrovelis mariamiseul xelnawerSi oriode forma vnaxeT:miarTu mcxeTas mefesa mas warmarTTasa (q. cx. I, 86, 7);da sada povne vnebani igi cecxlisani, cecxliTa dawuen, da nacariSeasu romelni maT esviden (q. cx., I, 130, 2).XVIII saukunis maCabliseul da dadianiseul nusxebSi am zmnas `Seasv~forma scvlis.aseTive zmnis formebia juanSeris istoriaSic:reca egeviTarive gÂrgÂni misca vaxtangs, da rqua: `daarqu ege petres~(q. cx., I, 167, 17);ukeTu gnebavs, raTa mogce gÂrgÂni, aRuTqu vin ese dgas Cuen zeda,raTa hbrZodi mtersa misTa da miiRe misgan gÂrgÂni (q. cx., I, 167, 22);dadeg winaSe pirsa mterisasa da erisa Cuenisasa, da arqu yovelTa:`Tayuanis-eciT juarsa da vsZloT mtersa (q. cx., I, 173, 20);ra gnebavs sTqu, da yoveli migce (q. cx., I, 214, 15).JamTaaRmwerlis TxzulebaSic vnaxeT naxevrad reducirebadi sayrdenimorfemis Semcveli zmna:warved da Tqu, rameTu Sen mohkal kaci igi (q. cx., II, 210, 15).sulxan-saba orbeliani am tipis arqaul formas `swavlanSi~ mimar-Tavs iq, sadac religiur sakiTxze msjelobs:miTxar me, sxva raRa moiTminen eseTi, romel jojoxeTisa satanjvelTamsgavsi iyos anu sasufevelTa sixarulis damviwyebi, _ sTqu aw (saba,swavl., 177, 544).brZanebiTis analogiuri forma dadasturda poeziaSic, Tumca arCilis`visramianSi~ mis gamovlenas poeturi aucileblobiT ver avxsniT:uTxra: `arquT viss aq mosuls, numc eqneba dRe mowyenis~ (arC., I, 187.431, 3).saSuali qarTulis enobriv masalaSi aseve iSviaTia umarcvlo sayrdenimorfemis Semcveli brZanebiTis formebic. poeziaSi Tu poeturi96

aucileblobiTaa isini gamoyenebuli, prozaSi maTi gamovlena miewerebaavtoriseul cdas, Seqmnas Zveli qarTuli enis iluzia:gardaeTx uxvad, nugeSis mquxvadmas miaxmaren zenari cani (bes., 63. 6, 3);SeirtyT sartyeli sjulisa, simxnisa, guladobisa (arC., I, 53. 286, 1);avis sityvis aRmoSvebad enas Sensa kbilni daadg,gijobs, iwvrTna, daadumo, garedamac bage moadg (arC., I, 92. 80, 1-2);daarTx, ukve daarTx manoes Zis Zlierisebr lom-lekvi myviraliTamnad Cven Soris ZleviT (bes., 85, 24);marqv, romeliRa mogiteos mamaman? (saba, swavl., 163, 500);daadg Tavsa missa gÂrgÂni qvisa misgan patiosnisa (sam. Zegl., II, 53);mived da acnobe Cemi qiziyis qveyaniT misvla monasters da arqvlocva-kurTxevaca (batoniS., I, 11);nu geSinin, ganved da zedan daesx mterTa maT SenTa (batoniS., II, 84).sainteresoa, rom umwkrivisniSnodaa warmodgenili brZanebiTis ise-Ti formebic, romelTa sayrdeni morfema aseve umarcvloa, magram mwkrivisniSnad -e sufiqsi ivaraudeba, e. i. uniSno warmoeba IV yalibis zmneb-Tan dasturdeba. amgvari ram ucxoa Zveli qarTulisaTvis.Teimuraz II-is poemaSi IV yalibis umwkrivisniSno brZanebiTis formasaleqso sazomis samsaxurSia:aRimsTv, aRkarvdi, migvale, Rame vlen, anu dRisia! (T. II, 12. 93, 2).enisa da stilis arqaizaciiT gatacebis ufro cxadi magaliTia IIIyalibis umwkrivisniSno zmnis dadastureba. Tumca arCilTan aseTi faqtisarseboba poeturi aucileblobiTaa ganpirobebuli:RmerTo Zliero, gulT mecniero,momxed wyalobiT Sen-mieriTa (arC., I, 243. 90, 2).Zvel qarTulSi wyvetilis mwkrivSi TxrobiTi da brZanebiTi kilosII piris formebs urTierTisagan mxolod subieqtis niSani ganasxvavebda _brZanebiTs subieqturi niSani ar hqonda, TxrobiTs ki hqonda:brZ. mo-kal!Txr. mo-h-kalmo-kal-T!mo-h-kal-TZveli qarTuliseuli dapirispireba axal saliteraturo enas aRarSemorCa. formobrivi gansxvaveba `amJamad mxolod TanxmovniT dawyebul97

fuZeebSi xerxdeba ($ 52): meore sub. pirs wyvetilSi niSani unda, brZanebiTSi_ ara. esec im SemTxvevaSi Tu zmna erT-piriania an or-piriani, magramgardamavali, Tanac pird.-obieqturi piri mesamea... formobrivi gansxvavebawyvetilsa da brZanebiTs Soris daikargeba, a) Tu zmna or-pirianiada pird.-obieqturi piri pirveli,... b) igivea maSinac, Tu zmna sam-pirianiada pird.-obieqturi romelic unda iyos, Tundac mesame, radganac aqorganve formaSi mesame piris obieqturi niSani eqneba~ (SaniZe 1980: 431-432).`jer kidev Zvel qarTulSi daiwyo gaugebroba da formebis aRreva.es gaugebroba TandaTan izrdeboda da matulobda saSual qarTulSi... waiSalaformaluri gansxvaveba brZanebiTsa da TxrobiTs Soris~ (SaniZe1981: 218). gaTanabrebis procesi saSual qarTulSi ukve dawyebulia. amitomacCven mier Seswavlil samwerlobo ZeglebSi subieqturi piris niSanibrZanebiTis xsenebul formebTan iSviaTobas ar warmoadgens. igi ZiriTadadXVII saukunidan gvxvdeba. Teimuraz I-isa da Teimuraz II-is poeziaSialag-alag dadasturda brZanebiTis prefiqsiani (S 2 ) formebi:hqenT, wadiT galiliasa, mun naxoT _ mielodebiT (T. I, 152. q-4);scaniT, sibrZnisa trfialno, Zalni sityvaTa Tqmulisa (T. I, 3. 3, 1);hrqva maT ieso: `ganhxseniT, vidodes Cemis ZaliTa! (T. II, 34. 269, 4);gulisxma hyaviT, CemgniTa Sesxma riT gaibedoTa (T. II, 117. 3, 1);mibrZana: `radgan codna gaqvs, leqsebi gamosTqvenio (T. II, 123. 15, 3).besikis, daviT guramiSvilis, arCilis SemoqmedebaSi ki amgvari formebisakmaod xSiria:aRlese ena damamSvidaro,dasWer savseni gamaflidaro! (bes., 62. 2, 6);Zowni bageni Cemni mdageni,Cemda saubrad aRsZar enani! (bes., 95. 8, 2);mihgvalen, mzeo, mzisad aziiT simdablis-qvabad oqroisZRvnobiT mur-gundrukebis kmevad mefeT mefisad (bes., 86, 33);gaswyer, dasWer da daxive mtyuvanT tyuilis gudebi (daviTiani, 65.275, 2);scan am leqsTa igavi, Targmne Tu giyvardeo (daviTiani, 79. 373, 2);98

aw daswynardi, nu SfoTav-borgav, nu gaqvs zmirinT zinzlad Sveba(daviTiani, 148. 1, 2);solaRis cixe moSaleT, dascaleT gaRma mÃaria (daviTiani, 99. 514,2);mtanjven, sTmeo: aw viT davTmo, viT umankov tredo-gvrito(daviTiani, 73. 335, 1);scan, italias markozs swers, vityvi imasTan momtansa (arC., II, 173, 2);Tana warhÃed warmavalsa, waruvali moigonen (arC., I, 247);mefev, daswynardi, nu sjavrob, yuri mamigde, gonia (arC., II, 102, 1);gza kapnovani dastove, Seitkbe cad aRmavali! (arC., I, 109. 107, 3).TxrobiTisa da brZanebiTis xsenebul formaTa Zveli qarTuliseuligarCeva kidev ufro xSir SemTxvevaSia ugulebelyofili sulxan-sabasTxzulebebSi da ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasobaSi~:mWads rad sWamT, kidobanSi ori TeTri funTuSa Zevs da isa sWame-To (saba, s.s. 101);sadac xeli jdes melniani karTa, igi iqmneba da SevipyraT, da racgenebos, hqmeno (saba, s.s. 108);miTxar me, sxva raRa moiTminen eseTi, romel jojoxeTisa satanjvelTamsgavsi iyos anu sasufevelTa sixarulis damviwyebi, _ sTqu aw(saba, swavl., 177, 544);cecxlisa alno, mswrafl daswveniT Ãorcni Cvenni! (saba, swavl., 64);gamoscan, Tu risaTvis uwodeT saxeli ese? (batoniS., I, 66);da hyven asoni Cvenni mkurnal yovelTa senTa (batoniS., II, 80);dastkbi gansvenebiT wiaRTa Sina miyrdnobili axlisa meuRlisa Tana(batoniS., II, 38).prefiqsiani da uprefiqso formebi zogjer erTsa da imave TxzulebaSia:amiT avi kacia leon, nu ginebs sicocxle misi da mokal (saba, s.s.66);mohkalT da sisxls me gardavixdio (saba, s.s., 56);Cven rac giTxraT, is dawere (batoniS., II, 24);bero, ras dasdev, daswere, rac gTxran, saZRvno ki aviRoT (batoniS.,II, 25).99

ZanebiTis subieqturi niSnis mqone formaTa daZebna aqa-iq istoriulsabuTebSi, samarTlis Zeglebsa da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zogierTTxzulebaSicaa SesaZlebeli:Semcvalebelni amisni Sescvalen RmerTo, sjulisagan Senisa (ist.sab., I, 156, 33);ese rom Tquas sjulma, rome damnaSave kacs Tavi mosWer anu gastanjeo...(sam. Zegl., I, 212);ukeTu mefeman Secvalos mefobisa da Ãelmwifobisa misisaTuis, mefeoyovelTa mefeTa qriste, Sen igi Sehscvale mefobisa da patronobisamisisagan (sam. Zegl., II, 197);hyav adre brZanebuli Senda (q. cx., I, 214, 3);ra nebavs, sTqu da yoveli migce (q. cx., I, 214, 15);qeTevan dedofali Tu gaTaTrdes, nuras awyeno da, Tu ar gaTaTrdes,awame da sasjeliT mohkalo (q. cx., II, 401, 18);daswynardiT, kacno, rameTu ara ars naTesavi qarTvelTa kacismkvleli (q. cx., II, 209, 3).wyvetilis TxrobiTi da brZanebiTi kilos formaTa garCevis Zveliwesi naSTis saxiT Semonaxulia mxolod `ved~ Ziris mqone zmnebSi:Txr.: mo-x-ved-(i) __ brZ.: mo-ved-(i) → mo-digamoTqmulia azri (SaniZe 1980: 177), rom `modi~ miRebulia `moved~zmnis fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegad, sxva TvalsazrisiT (gogolaSvili1984: 65-66), amgvari varaudis daSvebas ramdenime winaaRmdegoba axlavs,kerZod: a) zmnuri fuZis gamartiveba mosalodnelia mxolod bolokidurpoziciaSi; b) Tu v-s dakargva SesaZleblad iTvleba, Ziriseuli e xmovnisgauCinarebisaTvis fonetikuri safuZveli ar arsebobs; g) `modi~ formaSi-i xmovani ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos `moved(i)~ zmnaSi gamovlenili -i elementistolfasad, radgan pirveli maTgani nulTan ar monacvleobs da amniSniT II yalibis zmnebTan dadasturebul -i niSans esadageba. meoreformaSi ki is Tavisuflad varirebs nulTan da I yalibis -i elementadaamiCneuli.brZanebiTis `moved(i)~ formis `modi~ zmniT Canacvleba jer kidevsaSual qarTulSia Cveulebrivi movlena. maTi damowmeba Cven mier mopove-100

ul masalaSi sistemebr xerxdeba, Tumca zogierT ZeglSi axali formaar Cans.magaliTad, `modi~ forma `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mxolod axal nawilSi,saxeldobr, beri egnataSvilis teqstSi dadasturda:modi Cuen Tana da gaTaTrdi (q. cx., II, 336, 25).Zveli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gadamwerni cdiloben, daicvan dednisa-Tvis damaxasiaTebeli stili da gramatikuli formebi. magram amgvarimcdelobis miuxedavad, iSviaTad cocxali enisaTvis niSandoblivi warmoebaciCens Tavs. zogjer ki Zveli normisa da Tanamedrove metyvelebisa-Tvis niSneuli formis Tavisebur nazavs vxvdebiT. magaliTad, `matianeqarTlisas~ WalaSviliseul xelnawerSi `gamoved~ zmna ikiTxeba. amaveTxzulebis mariamiseul da maCabliseul nusxebSi ki mas `gamod~ formascvlis, sadac -i elementia gauCinarebuli. xelnaweris Semsruleblebmaaxal formas -i elementi Camoaciles da amgvarad Seecadnen Zveli warmoebisaTvismis morgebas:gamoved, Cuen wargiyvanoT afxazeTad, Sen dajde mefed da mama SenidarCes garegniT (q. cx., I, 267, 10).XII _ XIII saukuneTa ZeglebSi `moved(i)~ _ `modi~ zmnebi Semdegnairadnawildeba. `visramianSi~ Zveli warmoebis formebi 4.jer aRematebianaxals. magram Zveli qarTuliseuli formebi aq fonetikurad saxecvlilia,zogi maTgani Zireuli v Tanxmovnis gareSea, zogsac v-sTan erTadaseve Zireuli -d Tanxmovani aqvs Camokvecili. ar dasturdeba Zveli literaturuliformebi:aw adre moed, didxan erTad vinadiroT da gavixarneT (vis., 102, 18);wae, ZiZao, samaxaroblo sTxoe Sahros (vis., 110, 2);he gulmagaro, adeg da wamodi (vis., 218, 7).`amirandarejanianSi~ Zveli da axali formebi TiTqmis Tanabradgvxvdeba. aqac Zveli warmoebis zmnebi Zireuli v Tanxmovnis gareSea:Tu Wabuki xar, gamoed da Semaqcieo! (am., 36, 11);awe, Cemsa mzesa, wadiT da axlos nadiri mominaxeTo! (am., 4, 10).rusTaveli aRniSnuli zmnis brZanebiTs axali formiT warmoadgens:fatman uxmo: `modi, mnaxe, marto varo Tavis wina (vefx., 1247, 4).101

mxolod oTxiode zmna Tu vnaxeT Zveli warmoebiT da oTxive SemTxvevaSi_ fonetikurad saxecvlili. organ Zveli formis gamoyeneba taepSimuxlTa Tanabarmarcvlianobas emsaxureba:nuRara sdgaT, waediTo, kvla mogvxedna risxviT caman (vefx., 442, 2);CaepareniT, CaediT wynarad, nu Cqarad mxltomelni (vefx., 1121, 3).sxvagan aseTi forma sariTmo erTeulia:dabnedilsa nu damagdeb, miSvele ra, marge, move,sofels myofsa uSenosa kacsa vismca Sevepove (vefx., 498, 3).erT SemTxvevaSi ki Zveli warmoebis zmnis CarTva poeturi aucileblobiTar unda ixsnebodes:raca giTxra, Cem magier rostans hkadre, mied srasa (vefx., 728, 1).abuseriZe tbelis XIII saukunis TxzulebaSi, Zeglis moculobidangamomdinare, CvenTvis saintereso brZanebiTis mxolod erTi forma Segvxvdada isic Zveli warmoebiT:ismine Cemi, bolok-basili, da warved udabnosa klarjeTisasa, romelsahrqÂan opizaÁ (abus. tb., 57, 37).rac Seexeba XVII _ XVIII saukneTa Zeglebs, aRniSnul formaTa gadanawilebisTvalsavzrisiT, aqac araerTgvarovani viTarebaa.Teimuraz I-is poeziaSi mxolod axal warmoebas SevxvdiT:wadi, ras hyovni, rasa mrji Sen sulo amosulo da (T. I, 20. 44, 4).Teimuraz II-isa da besikis nawarmoebebSi orive warmoeba dasturdeba.Teimuraz II poemebSi ufro Zvel formebs mimarTavs, `TimsarianSi~ ki_ axals:hrqva kaen Tvis Zmas abelsa: `moved, ganvideT velobiT (T. II, 7. 53, 3);midi da uCumrad imis logins qveS Sewev (T. II, 211, 29);mived, yaribo, uTxar bulbulsa (bes., 5. 3, 1);bulbulo, gadi, am baRidam Senis nebiTa (bes., 6. 1, 3).daviT guramiSvilis poeziaSi Zveli warmoeba TiTqmis ar dasturdeba:wadi da masve evedre, daeÃsen cudsa borgvasa! (daviTiani, 66. 286, 2).arCili ki Zvel qarTuliseul formebs iSviaTad mimarTavs da maSinacyovelTvis leqsis saWiroebiTaa ganpirobebuli maTi gamoyeneba:sixaruliT wadiT laSqars, Tuca sisxli genTxeodes (arC., I, 54. 287,1);102

movediTo, SeiyareT umankoT da ubiwoda (arC., I, 137. 21, 3);movediT, daimkvidreniT, es TqvenTvis ganmzadebuli (arC., I, 44. 205, 2).sulxan-sabas TxzulebebSi nacnobi suraTia: `mogzauroba evropaSi~mxolod axali warmoebis formebi gvxvdeba, `swavlanSi~ axal warmoebasTiTqmis versad vxvdebiT, `sibrZne sicruisaSi~ ki uamravi axali formisgverdiT Zveli qarTuliseuli mxolod ramdenime zmna dasturdeba:wadiT, jer uwin Cemi Tavi naxeo da merme me mnaxeo (saba, mogz., 162);ukeTu sasixarulo rame mogces RmerTman, moved eklesiad (saba,swavl., 24);warved baRdadad xuro nazarisasa, es uZRven (saba, s.s., 13);wadi, aseTi saWmeli momitaneo (saba, s.s., 21).ioane batoniSvili mxolod Zvel warmoebas arCevs:moved, geamboro, ufalman wargimarTos yovelni qmnulni xelTa SenTani!(batoniS., I, 2).Zvel qarTulSi wyvetilis mwkrivis brZanebiTi kilos formebTan mesamesubieqtur pirs mx. ricxvSi -n, xolo mravlobiTSi _ -ed sufiqsebigamoxatavda. rogorc l. baramiZe varaudobs, `maT kavSiri unda hqondeTsxva sistemasTan, romelic gadmonaSTis saxiT gvxvdeba Zveli qarTuliswerilobiT ZeglebSi... SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom isini sxvadasxva sistemaswarmoadgendnen. Zveli qarTulis ZiriTadi sistemis paraleluri sistema,SesaZloa, marTlac dialeqturi warmoSobisa iyos (v. Tofuria, b. foCxuaz. sarjvelaZe).am paraleluri sistemidan unda iyos nasesxebi n da ed awmyos xolmeobiTSida brZanebiTSi. SesaZlebelia, ZiriTad sistemaSi brZanebiTebsarc hqonodaT sagangebo piris niSnebi, radganac brZanebiTi isedac gamorCeuliaintonaciiT, rac axal qarTulSi maTi gamokveTis saSualebaa~(baramiZe 2003: 34, 39).axal saliteraturo enas III piris brZanebiTi aRar SemorCa. misifunqciebi sxva mwkrivebs daekisra.saSual qarTulSi III piris brZanebiTis formaTa umetesoba istoriulida samarTlebrivi xasiaTis ZeglebSi Segvxvda. lapidarul warwerebsada istoriul sabuTebSi, samarTlis Zeglebsa Tu `qarTlis cxovre-103

is~ TxzulebebSi isini ZiriTadad dalocvisa da wyevla-SeCvenebis Sinaarsismqone frazebSi dasturdeba:adiden RmerTman mefeTa mefe kostantine, Ze daviTisi, amen! (lapid.warw., II, 176, 216);vinca ese gangebuli Cueni salocveli mefobisa maTisaÁ Secvalos,iyavn wyeul (eqvT. Tay., 27, 5);Semcvalebelni amisni iyvnen krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul da damamtkicebelniRmerTman akurTxen da wmidaman dedaqalaqman (ist. sab., I, 184);vinc es Cemgan qmnili sacilobelad SehqmnaT: anu saqmiTa, anu sityviTa,RmerTman mogÃaden patiJi Seundobeli (ist. sab., I, 124);icvalebied da ganvarden igini natamalisagan maTisa, da SvilnimaTni daiTxied (sam. Zegl., II, 379).samarTlis ZeglebSi brZanebiTis III piris formebi gvxvdeba iseTkonteqstebSic, romlebic miTiTebis, brZanebis, Segonebis Sinaarsisaa:ganvedin brZolisagan da miiqecin saxed Tvisad (sam. Zegl., I, 109);aramed uxucesi igi nawili mas saZulelisasa miecin (sam. Zegl., I, 119).msgavsi semantikis mqone III piris brZanebiTis formebia `qarTliscxovrebaSic~:romeli ityoda queyanasa zeda Tavsa TÂssa Zed RmrTisad, mokuedino(q. cx., I, 96, 4);da kma geyavn Cemgan brZaneba ese (q. cx., I, 107, 3);grwmenin ieso qriste, Ze RmrTisa cxovrebisaTÂs yovlisa soflisaÃorciTa mosruli (q. cx., I, 115, 10);da saxelsa zeda qristessa sikudili cxovrebad giCndin, romliTawaruvali cxovreba moigo (q. cx., I, 129, 23);adiden RmerTman da daamyaren orTave cxovrebaTa Sina patronni (q.cx., I, 363, 23);ukeTu visme nebavn, dauteven mamuli da warmovedin Cem Tana (q. cx.,II, 239, 3).saSuali qarTulis mxatvrul teqstebSi aRniSnuli formebi arqaulisamkaulia, romelsac avtori saWiroebisamebr moixmars. rogorc poeziaSi,ise prozaSi III piris brZanebiTis formebi TiTqmis yovelTvis imSesityvebaSia, sadac uflisadmi Txovnaa aRvlenili:104

RmerTman aTaswel acocxlen mefoba Tqueni (am., 325, 1);dausrulebel yavn RmerTman dideba da gamarjueba mefobisaTquenisa (am., 360, 3).rogorc cnobilia, `amirandarejanianis~ XVII saukuneze uadresixelnaweri ar mogvepoveba. sxva nusxebSi am Zvel formebs axali warmoebaenacvleba.Svilo, mogecin Sen RmerTman msTvad cvarisagan ciTao (T. II, 15. 118, 2);movedin, eva, tiriliTa ars mowveva! (bes., 37. 2, 1);Seni uxvi mowyaleba Sors nu wamgvareo,movedin mowyalebiTa, isev Semyareo! (daviTiani, 80. 377, 4);RmerTman ganagen mefoba Tqveni, mravalwel grZelobdes (arC., II, 875, 4).amave funqciiT dasturdeba isini `kalmasobaSi~ da `swavlanSi~:hoi dedofalo, sasoebiTa Zisa Senisa da RvTisa CvenisaTa, misa SeswireoxaÁ CvenTvis da Tanamaval meyavn Cven wyalobaÁ Seni (batoniS., II, 84);numca daiTxeva nelsacxebeli, aramed glaxakTa miecin ganvaWrebulidrahkani (saba, swavl., 220, 686);movediT, codvilno, moiswrafed uflisa mimarT, dauteveniT Zvelniigi naqmarni Tqvenni (saba, swavl., 160, 488).am ukanasknelSi III piris brZanebiTis forma konteqstTan Seusabamoa,rac niSnavs, rom sulxan-sabas Tanamedrove enaSi CvenTvis sainteresoformaTa funqcia ukve sakmaod bundovania.kidev ufro xelovnuria `ipoed~ zmna arCilis leqsSi:mans vityvi Znels saTargmnosa, Semdgomi aso ionebs,mamulad ara TarSe aqvs, ipoed warsvlad ionebs (arC., I, 280. 28, 2).amgvarad, brZanebiTis formebi saSuali qarTulis enobriv masalaSiumTavresad axali warmoebiT gvxvdeba, Tumca amave ZeglebSi dasturdebabrZanebiTis Zveli qarTuliseuli formebic. maTi nawili poeziaSi Tuumetesad leqsis saWiroebiT gamoiyeneba, sxvagan maTi funqcia Zvelikoloritis Seqmnaa. zogjer ki maT gamoCenas aseTi mizezebiT veravxsniT.105

4.6. T a v i s e b u r e b a n iprefiqsiani vnebiTis wyvetilis formaTa warmoebissakiTxebi saSual qarTulSiZvel qarTulSi (i/e) prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi wyvetilissamive pirSi (agreTve II brZanebiTis II piris formebSi) subieqtis mravlobiTobisassistematurad gamoavlenen -en formants. mesame pirSi aRniSnulielementi xmovniT dawyebuli bolosarTis gavleniT reducirdeba (SaniZe1980: 447):dav-i-mal-en-i-Tda-i-mal-en-i-Tda-i-mal-n-esSev-e-bral-en-i-TSe-e-bral-en-i-TSe-e-bral-n-eses formanti warmoSobiT pird. obieqtis mravlobiTobis niSania,romelic zmnas moqmedebiTidan konversiis Sedegad gadmohyva, `radganacpasivi mravlobiTSi fuZed aqtivis infiqsian formas iyenebda~ (SaniZe 1980:446):S Op. Sda-m-mal-en Sen Cuen ___da-v-i-mal-en-i-T CuenZveli qarTulisaTvis es ganuxreli normaa, romelic prefiqsianvnebiTebs sxva saxis vnebiTebisagan gamoarCevs.pasiur zmnaTa am Taviseburebas ar iziarebs mxolod ori zmna. eseniamoiqces da dairRues `yvela SesaZlo zmniswiniTa da vnebiTis (i, e)niSniT~ (imnaiSvili... 1996: 302).jer kidev Zvelsave qarTulSi daiwyo gaTanabrebis procesi: gamonaklismazmnebma saerTo wesisamebr -en formanti miiRes. amave periodisa-Tvis saTanado vnebiTTa gavleniT aRniSnuli formanti saSuali gvariszmnebsac daerTvis (imnaiSvili... 1996: 303).axal qarTulSi aRniSnuli warmoeba poeziis enas SemorCa. `Tumcaexlac ZalaSia aRmosavlur kiloebsa da saliteraturo qarTulSi. mar-Talia, es Zala Zalze Sesustebulia da uinfiqso warmoeba TandaTan ufromet gasaqans poulobs, magram infiqsiansac ramdenadme Tavisi adgilidResac SerCenili aqvs~ (SaniZe 1980: 447). Tanamedrove saliteraturo ena-Si odindeli normis naSTi S 3 pirSia SemorCenili. S 3 piri asaxavs enis im106

safexurs, roca jer kidev moqmedebda Zveli norma, subieqtis -es niSaniki -en bolosarTma Secvala. pird. obieqtiseuli -n formantisa da -en bolosarTisSexvedram mogvca -nen sufiqsi, romelic dRes mr. ricxvSimdgari S 3 piris niSnad iTvleba (SaniZe 1980: 447):dav-i-mal-e-TSev-e-bral-e-Tda-i-mal-e-TSe-e-bral-e-Tda-i-mal-nenSe-e-bral-nensaSuali qarTuli ena prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris znaTa wyvetiliswarmoebisas Zvel qarTuls mihyveba. norma daculia TiTqmis yvelgan, rogorcpoetur, ise arapoetur teqstSi:missa mnaxavsa suldgmulsa kacsa ver SeveyareniT (vefx., 116, 3);zogni amas ityuian: ara pativi dagudva da ar movewoneniTo (vis., 67,38);qristes mier sabrxe Seimusra da ganvereniT (bes., 28);nu SeawuxebT sulsa wmidasa romliTaca aRibeWdeniT (sam. Zegl., II,383);daRacaTu Cven SeuZlebel viyveniT, aramed brZanebaTa misTa veRaraurC veqmneniT (q. cx., I, 346, 16-17);Cven siciviT kinaRam davixoceniT da Sen raodeni ofli gdeniao?(batoniS., I 156).Cven mier Seswavlil teqstebSi yvelgan warmoebis Zvel wess emorCilebagamonaklisi zmnebic:avwyuiteT laSqari da SemoviqeciT mSvidobiT (am., 188, 9);lomi agviCnda usaxo, Cven gaveqeciT rbeniTa (T. I, 65. 42, 3);xolo viqeciT nakuTad Ãorcisad (sam. Zegl., II, 350);rameTu ara SevinaneT, arca gulisxma vyavT, arca jerovnad moviqeciTgzaTa mimarT uflisaTa (q. cx., I, 322, 21).zogjer prefiqsiani vnebiTebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebasiziareben sxva zmnebic. esenia saSual-moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebi. amis mizezi,SesaZloa, medio-aqtiv formaTa garegnuli ier-saxec iyos: saTavisoqcevis formebi -i prefiqsian vnebiTebTanaa gaTanabrebuli. aRniSnuli kategoriiszmnebSi zogjer Tu riTmaa -en formantis gamoCenis sababi, iSviaTadamis magaliTebi prozaul teqstebSicaa:107

magra ver vpoveT igi yma, miT vera gavixareniT (vefx., 116, 2);Rvino vsviT da gavixareniT (saba, s.s., 85);CuÀn, viTa Senda momarT sasoebaÁ guqonda egre gavixareniT dasamwirvelod TquÀn mogaÃseneT (ist. sab., 191, 44).`amirandarejanianSi~ erTmaneTis paraleluradaa saSual-moqmedebi-Ti gvaris zmnaTa -en formantiani da am formantis uqoneli formebi:da davweviT da daviZineniT, viTa mimwuxri iqmna (am., 396, 3);da didi xani vitireT (am., 613, 6);ara ars xili ese ama queyanisao, vityueTo (am., 338, 3);vibrZoleT sami dRe da gavaqcieniT da davixoceniT (am., 110, 1);da Cuen warviswrafeT da omsa zeda mivediT (am., 570, 6).am nawarmoebSi Zveli norma bolomdea daculi, darRvevis faqtebiTiTqmis ar SegviniSnavs. vnaxeT ucnauri zmnac, romelic saSual-moqmedebiTi(v-i-laR-ob-e) da sufiqsiani vnebiTi (aR-v-laR-en) gvaris zmnaTa kontaminaciuriforma unda iyos, prefiqsiani vnebiTis kvalobaze warmoebuli:ga-rasme-vlaRobeniT qaoz qosisZisa sityvasa zedan (am., 701, 5).sagulisxmoa, rom sulxan-saba orbelianis `swavlanSi~ -en formantssaSual-vnebiTis oriode zmnac dairTavs:romlisa mier gamovscviveniT samoTxiT saSvebliT da migvetaca damigveRo patiosneba Cveni (saba, swavl., 137, 412).saSuali qarTulis enobriv masalaSi alag-alag axleburi warmoebacSeiniSneba. axlebur warmoebas (Zveli normidan gadaxvevas) zogjerpoeturi aucileblobis gamo mimarTavs mwerali:hkvirobden Cveni mWvretelni, mgonia, kidec gvZraxesa,maT ar icoden, Tu Cvena gavebiT ra gvars maxesa (daviTiani, 102. 536,4).guramiSvili Tu muxlTa TanabarmarcvlianobisaTvis moixmobs axleburformas, arCilTan is sariTmo erTeulad gamoiyeneba:mamiloces, imerelni, qarTvelebi, merme mesxiT,Seuzaxe: `didebulno, ras saqmezed Tavs damesxiT (arC., II, 696, 2).zogjer ki Zvel normas mwerali gangeb aridebs Tavs. es ZiriTadadprozaul teqstSi gvxvdeba:108

viaxeliT. fexs gakoceT (saba, mogz., 188);iqidam aRar daviZariT (saba, mogz., 239).amave zmnas aseve -en formantis gareSe sulxan-saba xmarobs `swavlanSi~,sadac, Zeglis Tematikidan gamomdinare, metwilad Zveli qarTulisaTvisniSandoblivi zmnebi Warbobs:qristesTvis aRiZariT, qristesTvis moSveriT (saba, swavl., 206, 638).`swavlanSi~ axali qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebis gamo-Cenas ki m. kobalaZe Semdegnairad xsnis: homiletikuri literaturis amnimuSSi arqauli formebi Cveulebrivi movlenaa. `maTi meSveobiT, cxadia,sxva TaviseburebebTan erTad qmnis sulxan-saba orbeliani Zveli qarTulisaliteraturo enis iluzias, Tumca arc erT Taviseburebas ar icavsbolomde. ar icavs, radganac mas mxolod STabeWdilebis Seqmna sWirdebada ara Zveli qarTulis aRdgena, rac, cxadia, XVII _ XVIII saukuneebis mijnazeSeuZlebeli iyo (iv. gigineiSvili, 1959, gv. 36). ase rom gramatikulmovlenaTa arqaizacia `swavlanSi~ unda ganvixiloT, rogorc saTqmelisada SerCeuli Janris specifikidan gamomdinare aucilebloba~ (kobalaZe1995: 129).unda aRiniSnos, rom Zveli normis darRvevaTa meti wili `viqmneniT~da `viyveniT~ formebze modis. Zvel qarTulSi isini sinonimur wyvilswarmoadgenen. gamoTqmulia azri, rom `viqmneniT~ da `viyveniT~ zmnebisxvadasxva dialeqtur wres unda ekuTvnodnen (imnaiSvili... 1996: gv. 158).isini xSirad zmna-Semasmenlis zmnur nawilad gvevlinebian. Tu Zvel saliteraturoenaSi subieqtis mravlobiTobisas yovelTvis dairTaven -enelements, saSuali qarTulis enobriv ZeglebSi aRniSnuli zmnebi araiSviaTadam formantis gareSec gvxvdeba:v-i-qmn-en-i-T → v-i-qmen-i-Tv-i-yv-en-i-T → v-i-yav-i-TSesaZloa, `viqmeniT~ zmnaSi n bgeris gauCinareba disimilaciuri dakargvisSedegi ufroa, vidre Zveli qarTuli enis sistemaSi moqmedi morfologiurinormis moSlis faqti. mniSvnelovania, rom axleburi warmoebiTmxolod aRniSnuli zmnis (viqmeniT) formebi gvxvdeba im teqstebSi,sadac arqauli stilia maqsimalurad SenarCunebuli. es Seexeba samar-Tlebrivi da istoriuli xasiaTis Zeglebsa da agreTve ramdenime Txzu-109

lebas, sadac religiuri Tematika dominirebs. Tu ara fonetikuri faqtoriT,amgvari Janris ZeglebSi Zveli warmoebis zmnaTa gverdiT erTi anori axali formis gamoCena, sxva arafriT aixsneba.`qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ `iqmeniT~ zmna gviandel CanarTSi vnaxeT, romelsacsxva xelnawerSi `iqmneniT~ forma enacvleba:da iqmeniT borotad mkvlel Semoqmedisa Tquenisa (q. cx., I, 37, 5).`viyaviT~ forma ZiriTadad XVII saukunidan gvxvdeba. manamde is enformantiTaa warmodgenili:davSueriT omiTa da Rone vera avigeT, romelmca moreul viyveniT(am., 301, 4).`sibrZne sicruisa~ da `mogzauroba evropaSi~ ramdenjerme gamoavlensaxal formas:dRisiT damaluli viyaviT da RamiT viarebodiT (saba, s.s., 103);oTxni Zmani viyaviT colianebi (saba, s.s., 86);im Rames iq viyaviT (saba, mogz., 160).prefiqsian vnebiTTa wyvetilis formebSi subieqtis mravlobiTobisasaseTi warmoeba (-en elementis gareSe) XVII saukunidan iwyeba. Tumca`vefxistyaosanSi~ vnaxeT erTi axleburi warmoebis zmna, magram aq -enformantis gamotovebas Tavisi safuZveli aqvs. kerZod, zmnasTan subieqtadkrebiTi saxelia Sewyobili:Tqva: `qaravani egviptiT gamovemarTeT eriTa (vefx., 1021, 1).saintereso suraTia arCilis poeziaSi. aq Zvelsa da axal warmoebasSoris Tanafardobaa. 14 -en formantian zmnas 13 axali (-en formantisuqoneli) forma udgas gverdiT. -en elementian formaTa umravlesobariTmis an sxva saleqso sazomis gamoa moxmobili. iSviaTad ki aseTi mizeziar Cans, magram axali warmoebaa:lianis velsa vewieT, maT xorcTa Subni uyaviT (arC., II, 823, 2).Cven xelT arsebuli enobrivi masalis mixedviT SeiZleba davaskvnaT,rom saSual qarTulSi prefiqsiani vnebiTis warmoebis Zveli qar-Tuliseuli Tavisebureba kvlav ZalaSi rCeba. -en formanti TiTqmis yovelTvisaawarmodgenili. XVII saukunidan mxatvrul nawarmoebebSi ukveicvleba warmoebis tipi, magram umniSvnelod. -en formantiani formebi110

umetesad poeziis enaSi gvxvdeba da ganpirobebulia ZiriTadad leqsis sa-WiroebiT.miv-ec-(i) da miv-e-c-i`micema~ zmnis vnebiTi da moqmedebiTi gvaris formebi wyvetilispirvelsa da meore pirSi erTmaneTs emTxveva. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaZvel qarTulSi umwkrivisniSnodaa warmodgenili, mogvianebiT nulovanmawarmoebels narTauli xmovani Caenacvla. vnebiTi gvaris zmnas ki rogorcZvelad, ise dRes mwkrivis niSnad nulTan armonacvle -i xmovani mierTvis:S O ir. O pir.moq.: me kacs sityva mivec(i)S O ir.vn.: me Svebas ___ miveci.aRniSnul zmnaTa formebSi gamovlenil -e xmovanze azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa.erTi SexedulebiT, is vnebiTi gvaris prefiqsia, meore TvalsazrisiT_ Ziriseuli (gogolaSvili 1985: 95; imnaiSvili... 1996: 158). amTaviTvedavZenT, rom Cveni msjelobisaTvisac es ukanaskneli Tvalsazrisia amosavali.Tu davuSvebT, rom -e prefiqsia, maSin amgvari kvalifikacia sadavoxmovnisa winaaRmdegobaSi mova sayrdeni morfemis principTan, romelsacsafuZvlad morfemaTa kanonzomieri urTierTSepirobebuloba udevs, nul-Tan monacvle sufiqsi marcvlovan sayrden morfemas gulisxmobs, e. i. moqmedebiTigvaris formaSi (miv-ec-(i)) -e Ziriseulia. Tumca, -e xmovnis Ziriseulobasmxars ar uWers amave zmnis vnebiTi gvaris forma, sadacnulTan armonacvle -i mwkrivis niSani sayrden morfemad odenTanxmovnianZirs moiazrebs (miv-e-c-i). magram dRevandeli viTareba meoreulia da vnebiTigvaris formaSi istoriulad ori -e xmovania navaraudevi (SaniZe1980: 551): erTi vnebiTis prefiqsiseuli da meore _ Ziriseuli, romelicreduqciis Zalis mqone -i mwkrivis niSnis gavleniT ikargeba:*miv-e-ec-i → miv-e-c-iamitomac dRes sxvadasxva yalibiT iwarmoebs moqmedebiTi da vnebi-Ti gvaris formebs warmoSobiT erTi Ziris (ec) zmna. moqmedebiTi gvaris111

forma wyvetilis warmoebis I yalibia, xolo vnebiTisa _ II yalibi. Sesabamisad,moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnisaTvis Ziria ec, vnebiTi gvarisTvis ki _ -c:moq. (I)vneb. (II)miv-ec-(i) miv-e-c-imi-ec-(i) mi-e-c-imis-c-ami-e-c-asaSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi orive yalibis zmnaTa damowmeba xerxdeba.I yalibis (moqm. gvaris) formebi ufro xSirad gvxvdeba, vidre IIyalibis (vneb. gvari). amasTan moqmedebiTi gvaris formaTa didi nawili -ielementis gareSea warmodgenili:me pasuxi ara gavec, viTa Smagi SevkrTi dia (vefx., 343, 3);aviRe da samamasaxlisoisa samsaxureblisa Cuenisagan barevani sofelida mivec opizarTa satrapezod (ist. sab., 33, 3);romelman ciTa uwvime da dari moec mziani (T. I, 14. 95, 2);romelman moguec Ãorci Seni, raTa mosaÃseneblad Senda vhyofdeT(q. cx., II, 88, 12);raic aTiaTas TeTrad Rirdes, xuTi aTasad Zliv gavyidi da egregardavec yuelai (sam. Zegl., II, 58).vnaxeT moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnaTa sasxviso da saTaviso qcevis formebic:da Tqveni mkÂdri da nasyidi sofeli nabaxtevi wagarTviT da gagieciT(sam. Zegl., II, 228);Tavs viec qva-xe da SemovsZaxe (daviTiani, 162. 3, 3).iSviaTad -i elementiani formebic Segvxvda:radgan erTs avs kacs mimeci, me aRar vikadreb amis gamocvlaso (saba,s.s., 11);Tasi gTxoes da Sen ar mieci,Svilsa da sarZlos orsav gvieci (daviTiani, 202. 155, 1-2).alag-alag II yalibis vnebiTi gvaris formebic dasturdeba. umetesinawili moZiebuli formebisa `vefxistyaosanSi~ vnaxeT:daveci, davbndi, wamixda Zali mxarTa da mklavisa (vefx., 341, 2);va, krulia dRemca igi, me miveci amirbarsa (vefx., 313, 3);kvla daveci dabnedili, gulsa sisxli gardmeTxia (vefx., 343, 4);112

mona Semodga, miveci saqmesa gakvirvebulsa (vefx., 339, 1);me muna myofi miveci Svebasa metis-metasa (vefx., 477, 1).vnebiTis formebi besikisa da arCilis poeziaSi, prozauli teqstebidanki `visramianSi~ Segvxvda:amad miveci daucdelad sulTqmasa xSirsa (bes., 91. 5,4);brangvsa Segtyorce, bayvs eci, vis CveviT sisxli gwyuroda (bes., 71.2, 4);rad aRudgomlad daveci, Tu metome var me revis? (arC., I, 90. 62, 3);rad ar aspitisa guelisa zari Sevsui? rad ar nadirTa same miveciSesaWmelad? (vis., 225, 36).gavaZe _ gavaZeve formaTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvisgavaZe _ gavaZeve formebs saerTo odenTanxmovniani (Z) Ziri akavSirebs.amaTgan pirveli IV yalibis zmnaa, meore wyvetils III yalibiT iwarmoebs.`gavaZe~ forma axal saliteraturo enaSi `gavaZeve~ zmnam Secvala.semantikurad identur am or zmnas formobrivad mxolod -ev sufiqsiganasxvavebs, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom `avagev~ tipis Sualeduri forma undaarsebuliyo:*gava-Zev-Ø*gaa-Zev-Ø*gaa-Z(e)v-a → gaa-Z-oI yalibis es savaraudo forma saSuali qarTulis Cven mier mokvleulenobriv masalaSi ar SegviniSnavs. ramdenime avtorTan mxolod ZveliqarTuliseuli `gavaZe~ IV yalibis formebi Segvxvda:gamaZe, Sen mogZuldi da uxanobasa me mayuedreb (vis., 266, 35);rom ar gamwire sikvdilad, aRar gamaZe gare me (T. I, 13. 83, 1);Ture igi guSindeli davriSi marTals ubnobda, da cudad gavaZeo(saba, s.s., 126);rac mindoda yvela mqonda, me naklebi guls ar maZe,mun simravle spa-laSqarTa, Cemni mterni yovlgniT vaZe (arC., II, 379, 2).113

-ev sufiqsiT misi garTuleba saSuali qarTulis dialeqtebSi `avagev~tipis sxva zmnaTa analogiiT unda momxdariyo. axalma formam samwerloboenaSic iCina Tavi.enis ganviTarebis axal etapze aRniSnul formaSi -ev sufiqsi fuZiseuladiqna gaazrebuli. I yalibis zmnam xelaxla miiRo mwkrivis mawarmoebelida amjerad III yalibis formad mogvevlina:gava-Zev-egaa-Zev-egaa-Zev-aamgvari warmoebisaTvis, savaraudod, masTan mniSvnelobiT daaxloebul`ganvuteve~ zmnasac unda Seewyo xeli, romlis fuZiseuli -ev elementic,SesaZloa, istoriulad CvenTvis saintereso -ev sufiqss ukavSirdebodes.Tumca, sawerlobo enis arc erT etapze `ganvaZe~ zmnis analogiuri`ganvute~ forma ar SeiniSneba. magram gvaqvs Zveli qarTuliseuli`gavamxne~ da axali qarTuliseuli `gavamxneve~ formebi, romlebic aseve-ev sufiqsiT upirispirdebian urTierTs:gava-mxn-e gava-mxnev-egaa-mxn-e gaa-mxnev-egaa-mxn-o gaa-mxnev-abundovani rCeba -ev sufiqsis funqcia warmodgenil magaliTebSi.Tumca, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom es ukanasknelni (ganvaZeve, gavamxneve)warmoadgenen axal saliteraturo enaSi damkvidrebul formebs, sadacodindeli -ev sufiqsia SemorCenili.siarulisa da mdgomareobis aRmniSvneli zogizmnis Taviseburebarig Taviseburebas siarulisa da mdgomareobis aRmniSvneli `uniSnovnebiTisa~ da saSuali gvaris zogierTi zmnac avlens. es Seexeba `ved~,`Ãed~, `jed~, `deg~, `wev~ fuZeebisagan warmoebul formebs da oriodesxva zmnas.114

`ved~ da `Ãed~ fuZeebisagan nawarmoebi zmnuri formebi Zvel qar-TulSi sistematurad gamoiyeneboda. es sinonimuri mniSvnelobis zmnebi Iyalibisaa da wyvetils uniSnod iwarmoeben saSual qarTulSic:mo-ved-Ø, gardav-Ãed-ØsaSuali qarTulis samwerlobo ZeglebSi fonetikuri faqtoris gavleniTisini xSirad saxecvlilni warmogvidgebian. saxeldobr, sityvisabsolutur boloSi orive zmna Tanxmovans kargavs. amaT beds iziareben`jed~ fuZisagan nawarmoebi zmnebic:mo-ved → mo-ve, gardav-Ãed → gardav-Ãe, dav-jed → dav-jeamgvari fonetikuri cvlilebis mizezi, rogorc miuTiTeben, xSiradxmarebul formaTa gacveTaa. aRniSnuli zmnebi ki im leqsikis nawilia,romelic enaSi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba.aRniSnuli fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegad es zmnebi formalurad-e bolosarTiani wyvetilis IV yalibis zmnebs waagavs, sadac -e xmovani-ed elementis naSTia.amgvarad saxecvlili ar Segvxvedria msgavsi semantikis `deg~ da`wev~ fuZiani zmnebi, rac g da v bgeraTa Ziriseulobaze migvaniSnebs, gansxvavebiT`jed~, `ved~, `Ãed~ fuZeTa im -ed elementis TanxmovniTi nawilisagan,romlis gamoyofac aRniSnuli formebidan SesaZlebladaa miCneulizogierTi mosazrebiT (Ciqobava 1942: 69; Tofuria 1942: 491; qavTaraZe1954: 320).`vefxistyaosanSi~ mxolod amgvari bolomokvecili fuZeebi gvxvdeba,arsad dasturdeba `ved~, `Ãed~, `jed~ sruli formebi:Sina move, uar gavÃe, sxva damerTo Wiri Wirsa (vefx., 350, 3);davje, rusTvelman gavleqse misTvis gul-laxvar-sobili (vefx., 7, 3).sxvagan ki saliteraturo formaTa gverdiT maTi Tanxmovanmokvecilivariantebicaa:romel waxued da uSobeli asuli gaaTxove? (vis., 44, 4);nadirobad moxue xorasniT da dia advilad mogxuda nadiri (vis.,114, 6);da mun qmnilTa sakÂrvelebaTa mis taZrisa aRSenebisaTa TanawarvhÃe,romeli ars orRarTas (abus. tb., 61, 84);115

da eseviTariTve sakÂrvelebiTa mravalni gamoiÃsnna aman wmidamanÃelisagan warmarTTaÁsa, romlisa aRwerasa TanawarvhÃed simravlisaTÂssakÂrvelebaTaÁsa, RmrTisa moyvareno (abus. tb., 61, 89).`vefxistyaosnis~ garda, saSuali qarTulis TiTqmis yvela ZeglSisaliteraturo (`moved~) formaTa gverdiT xSirad `vel~ fuZiani zmnebicgvxvdeba:sevdis baRs Sevel SenaRonebi (bes., 3. 1, 1);da warsulman avgvale raWiT mTani myinvareni da mived digors (bes.,104);Tu CemTan moxvel, unda mogekiTxe da mSvidobiT mosvla geTqva(batoniS., II, 243);romel moxved Sen esodensa ukve sibrmesa Sina (batoniS., II, 43).`movel~ tipis formebi jer kidev Zvel qarTulSia SeniSnuli. miCneulia,rom `vel~ varianti `val~ fuZis analogiiT unda gaCeniliyo enaSi(`ved~ fuZes `val~ enacvleba I seriis mwkrivebSi) (gogolaSvili 1980: 67).Tumca arsebobs Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac `vel~ SemTxveviTi anmTlad axlad gaCenili fuZe ar aris qarTulSi. ukve adreuli periodidanval-/vel- monoliTur fuZeebad gaigeboda qarTulSi. amitomac `SesaZlebeliamaTi Seracxva gaxmovanebiT dapirispirebul fuZeTa rigSi~(jorbenaZe 1980: 231). amJamad igi ZiriTadad qarTl-kaxursa da mTis dialeqtebSiaSemorCenili. saSuali qarTulis zog samwerlobo ZeglSi SeiniSnebatendencia `ved~ _ `vel~ fuZeTa mier gavlenis sferoTa gadanawilebisa.kerZod, `vel~ fuZe mx. ricxvis formebTan gvxvdeba, mr. ricxvSisaliteraturo formebi dasturdeba mxolod. ricxvSi Senacvlebis amgvarifaqtebis regularuli damowmeba arCilTan gramatikuli normis iluziasqmnis:magram beds ar emduroda, ra me mivel RmerTs madlobda (arC., II, 283, 4);damrTo manc neba viTa me, warvediT Cemsa walkotsa (arC., I, 8. 6, 1).rac Seexeba `deg~ fuZian zmnebs, Tanxmovanmokvecili (*avdeg → avde)variantebi ar dasturdeba wyvetilis TxrobiTi kilos formebTan: sa-Suali qarTulisaTvis `deq~ fuZiani zmnebia Cveulebrivi, sadac q fuZiseulig Tanxmovnis dayruebis Sedegadaa miRebuli. aRniSnulis analogiiT116

araiSviaTad saSuali qarTulis enobrivi periodis ZeglebSi `jed~ fuZe-Si q Tanxmovania gamovlenili:dilaze avdeq, winawin wavel kaciTa oriTa (daviTiani, 72. 726, 1);movel da davjeq taxtzeda naTelmosili, mziani (arC., II, 287, 4).saSuali qarTulis sxva ZeglebSi sakmaod Wreli suraTia; aRniSnulisemantikis zmnaTa fonetikurad saxecvlili sxvadasxva forma araiSviaTaderTi mwerlis enaSi erTmaneTis paraleluradac SeiniSneba. yvelamaTgani wyvetils mxolod I yalibiT iwarmoebs. zogjer ki fonetikuricvlilebis Sedegad formalurad IV yalibis zmnebs emsgavsebian.sityvis auslautSi Tanxmovnis dakargvis ganxilul SemTxvevaTarigSi dgeba `mive~ da `gaveqe~ zmnebic. isinic I yalibis formebia, romlebicc bgeris gauCinarebiT IV yalibiT warmoebul wyvetilis formebs mogvagonebengaregnulad:miv-e ← miv-ec-Ø gave-qe ← gave-qec-Øwyvetilis TxrobiTi kilos formebTan saSuali qarTulis CvenganSeswavlil TxzulebebSi aseTi faqtebi iSviaTia:ros mewalkote saxe naamivnaxe da mive cremliT salami (bes., 14. 1, 4);rZalman uTxra: `gamogeqe, raT momdevdi Sesapyroblad? (bes., 49. 13,1).II. II kavSirebiTi1. II kavSirebiTis warmoeba Zvel qarTulSiII seriis erT-erTi mTavari sauRlebeli erTeulia II kavSirebiTi,romlis gadmosacemadac Zvel qarTulSi ixmareboda -o, -a, -e sufiqsebi.zogjer ki oriode zmnaSi -i niSani gamoiyeneboda.saenaTmecniero literaturSi gamoTqmulia azri, rom aRniSnulimwkrivis mawarmoebel elementTagan pirvandelia -e, xolo -a da -o afiqsebi_ gviandeli. arn. Ciqobavas am mosazrebis mxardasaWerad Semdegi argumentebimohyavs: `1) d/n-Ti nawarmoeb vnebiTTa koniunqtivi, e-Ti nawarmoe-117

i: ganmdidr-d-e-s, amaRl-d-e-s... gankac-n-e-s, ganWabuk-n-e-s... aseTi vnebiTiuZvelesi formaciisa da misi Cvenebac saTanado wonis mqonea; 2) koniunqtivipirvelis -e formantiT warmoeba yvela zmnaSi: hpoeb-d-e-s,mdidrdeb-od-e-s... da sxv. koniunqtivs pirvelSi Cven unda gvqondes Senaxulikoniunqtivi meoris pirvandeli daboloeba, iseve, rogorc namyo usrulSigvaqvs namyo ZiriTadisa da namyo CveulebiTis daboloebani; 3)zmna misca axlac e-Ti awarmoebs koniunqtiv meores, amas garda, zogjerzmnebs, romelTac amJamad ukve -a aqvsT Cveulebrivad, SemounaxavT e-nianiformebic; Cven Zveli qarTulis normebis mixedviT vityodiT: Svas, iÃsnas,qmnas... magram teqstebSi e-nian formebsac wavawydebiT: mag.: STaegznes,vqmne, Sves, davicveT, viÃsne~ (Ciqobava 1929: 116-117). `Wanuris gramatikulanalizSi~ arn. Ciqobava ambobs: `-a awarmoebs kavSirebiTs pirvels megrulSic;es -a unda iyos qarTulSi kavSirebiTis mawarmoebeli ZiriTadisufiqsis -e-s kanonzomieri Sesatyvisi (Ciqobava 1936: 139). v. Tofuriac miiCnevs,rom II kavSirebiTis mawarmoebel sufiqsTagan `ZiriTadi -e undaiyos~ (Tofuria 1967: 167); n. kotinovi Tvlis, rom kavSirebiTi kilosgamoxatva zmnaSi ramdenime sufiqsiT qarTulSi meoreuli movlenaa. kav-SirebiTis uZvelesi specifikuri mawarmoebelia -e. mkvlevari aRniSnuliTvalsazrisis sabuTad ramdenime garemoebas asaxelebs: `1) -e kavSirebi-Tis mawarmoeblad gvevlineba qarTuli enis ganviTarebis yvela safexurze;2) igi awarmoebs kavSirebiTis yvela formas (kavSirebiT pirvels _vwrede; kavSirebiT meores _ gavwiTlde, davdne; kavSirebiT mesames _ gaswiTlebodes,gasdnobodes); 3) -e Zvel qarTulSi erTaderTi sufiqsia imzmnaTa kavSirebiTisa, romlebSic aRniSnulia saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqtismravlobiToba (davwerne me igini, daswerne Sen igini); 4) -e-s mxarsuWers sxva qarTveluri enebis monacemebic. zanuris -a warmoadgens -e-skanonzomier Sesatyvisobas. mag.: bzumumta (=vzomavde), bzuma (=vzomo), xolosvanurSi moipoveba misi identuri -e sufiqsi. mag.: Ãedendes (=modiodes),anÃes (=movides); 5) -e kavSirebiTis niSnad gvxvdeba yvela qarTuldialeqtSi met-naklebad; 6) -e sufiqsis pirveladobaze metyvelebs is faqtic,rom im formebSi, sadac dRevandel qarTulSi kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad-a an -o gvaqvs, Zvel qarTulSi bevrgan -e gvqonda~ (kotinovi 1959:388-389).118

wyvetilis -e sufiqsis genezisis Sesaxeb arsebuli TvalsazrisebizemoT mimovixileT. gaurkvevelia Tavad II kavSirebiTis -e bolosarTiswarmomavloba. arn. Ciqobavas azriT, megrulSi I kavSirebiTis formasTan-a sufiqsis paralelurad dadasturebuli ee bolosarTi fonetikuradgamartivebuli saxea ere `rom~ damxmare sityvisa. svanurSi ki ere am mniSvnelobiTdResac ixmareba (Ciqobava 1936: 142). qarTulisa da megrulis monacemTagaTvaliswinebiT g. rogavam gamoarkvia, rom -ev sufiqsiani fuZesaerToa wyvetilisa da II kavSirebiTisaTvis. magram gansxvavebuliawarmoSobiT am mwkrivTa mawarmoebeli afiqsebi. Tu wyvetilis -e -ev sufiqsidanmomdinareobs, sxvagvaria II kavSirebiTis -e bolosarTis genezisi,megrulSi igi ere sityvidan aris warmomdgari, rogorc es manamdearn. Ciqobavam ivarauda. mkvlevars dasaSvebad miaCnia kavSirebiTis -e mawarmoeblisere sityvidan momdinareobis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli varaudi(rogava 1945: 447-453).v. Tofuria namyos saxeobaTa saerTo -e niSanze saubrisas ar gamoricxavswyvetilisa da kavSirebiTis -e sufiqsTa warmomavlobis identurobas,arc gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss miiCnevs dauSveblad, romlis mixedviTackavSirebiTis -e, SesaZloa, ere-sgan momdinareobdes: `sakiTxidgas namyosa da kavSirebiTis -e niSanTa urTierTobis Sesaxeb: warmoSobiTorive erTi da igive formantia, Tu kavSirebiTis -e marTlac ere-sganmomdinareobs~ (Tofuria 1955: 459).II kavSirebiTs awarmoebs -a sufiqsic, romelic, sayovelTaod gaziarebuliTvalsazrisisamebr, meoreulia. ucnobia -e da -a sufiqsTa urTierTmimarTebisdetalebi, `-a sufiqsi -e-s fonetikuri variantia Tu Tavis-Tavadi, damoukidebeli afiqsia gansxvavebuli funqciisa, romelmac SemdgomSeiZina kavSirebiTis funqcia~ (gogolaSvili 1984: 76). b. gigineiSvilida z. sarjvelaZe varaudoben, rom kavSirebiTis -a saerTo-qarTveluri/*-e/-sgan momdinareobs, romelic qarTul-zanuri erTianobis donezeunifikaciis tendenciiT gabatonda: `unifikaciis tendenciam kavSirebiT-Si mxolod saerTo-qarTveluri /*-e/-sagan momdinare /a/ gaabatona (gigineiSvili...1973: 83).sxvadasxvagvaradaa axsnili samecniero lieraturaSi -o sufiqsiswarmomavlobac. n. maris azriT, -o sufiqsi miRebulia kavSirebiTis -a ma-119

warmoebelTan fuZiseuli v-s SerwymiT (mari 1925: 161). es Tvalsazrisi gaziarebuliadeetersis mier (deetersi 1930: 150). g. rogavas -o sufiqsispirvelsaxed -e bolosarTi miaCnia: `-ev sufiqsiani aoristis fuZe safuZvladunda edvas kavSirebiT meoresac. am varaudis daSveba dakavSirebulia-o sufiqsis genezisis sakiTxTan, saxeldobr: -o sufiqsiani kavSirebiTispirvandeli afiqsi unda yofiliyo -e sufiqsi. kavSirebiTis -o undaiyos miRebuli fuZiseul -ev sufiqsTan kavSirebiTis -e-s SerwymiT: davwer-o← *davwer-v-e ← *davwer-ev-e~ (rogava 1945: 652).sxva mosazrebiT, kavSirebiTis -o mawarmoebeli Zvelsave qarTulSiTavisTavadi afiqsia da ara fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegi. b. gigineiSvilida z. sarjvelaZe fiqroben, rom `kavSirebiTi kilos -o iseve TavdapirveliaqarTul morfologiur inventarSi, rogorc sxva -o-s Semcveliformebi. igi araa miRebuli Ÿe/ve da Ÿa/va difTongebis SerwymiT. amazemetyvelebs opozicia dasaxelebuli segmentebisa [o] segmentTan~ (gigineiSvili...1973: 82).rac Seexeba -i sufiqss, II kavSirebiTis niSnad igi mxolod `wodeba~zmnaSi gvxvdeba. es ukanaskneli ki Zvel qarTulSi moxmobis, darqmevismniSvnelobiT ixmareba. a. SaniZis azriT, `-i gadmosulia am zmnaSi odianizmnebis I kavSirebiTis analogiiT. icod-i, uwyod-i, tirod-i-s, iqmnod-i-an,h-xadod-i-an qmnis analogiis safuZvels, rom gadamwerma saanalizo zmniswod fuZeSi od savrcobi sufiqsad miiCnios da kavSirebiTSi, rogorcodian zmnebs Sehferis, i daurTos~ (SaniZe 1945: 843). b. gigineiSvilis varaudiT,SesaZloa, aseTi analogiiT warmomdgari formebi aRmoaCndes odelementis Semcvel sxva zmnebs, rogoricaa koda, Secodeba (gigineiSvili1964: 213-225).Zvel qarTulSi II kavSirebiTis mawarmoebel afiqsTa ganawilebisSesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazrebaa.samecniero literaturaSi damkvidrebuli Sexedulebisamebr II kav-SirebiTis mawarmoebel afiqsTa ganawilebaze saubrisas yuradReba wyvetiliswarmoebazea gamaxvilebuli. aRniSnuli mosazrebiT, wyvetiliswarmoebis tipi Seapirobebs II kavSirebiTis -e, -a, -o bolosarTTa gamovlenas.wyvetilisa da II kavSirebiTis sufiqsTa kanonzomierebad qceulam urTierTmimarTebas saurTierTo determinaciis erT-erT faqtad miiC-120

nevs b. jorbenaZe. formantTa determinacia `formantTa mizez-SedegobrivurTierTdamokidebulebas gulisxmobs~ (jorbenaZe 1980: 272). xolo saur-TierToa (samimarTebo) determinacia, `roca erTi enobrivi monacemi gulisxmobsmeore enobrivi monacemis arsebobas, magram ara rogorc sayrdens~(jorbenaZe 1980: 273). swored im niSniT, rom sayrdenis funqciaagamoricxuli, gansxvavdeba igi geneturi determinaciisagan. Tumca, `mar-Talia, zogjer iq fonetikuri faqtoris Carevasac varaudoben da maSinodindel genetur determinaciasTan unda gvqondes saqme, magram amJamadam principiT midgoma xsenebuli sakiTxisadmi SeuZlebeli xdeba, radganes kanonzomiereba ukve iseT formebSic iCens Tavs, sadac raime fonetikurifaqtoris arseboba gamoricxulia. igulisxmeba kanonzomiereba, romlismixedviTac namyo ZiriTadSi damowmebuli -e sufiqsi II kavSirebiTSi-o sufiqss varaudobs, nul-sufiqsi (axla: `narTauli~ -i elementianiformebi) _ -a sufiqsis arsebobas, xolo sufiqsian da mesame tipis (uniSno)vnebiTSi damowmebuli -i sufiqsi ki imave II kavSirebiTSi -e sufiqsisaucileblobas:namyo ZiriTadi: da-v-wer-e mo-v-kal(i) gav-Tb-iII kavSirebiTi: da-v-wer-o mo-v-kl-a ga-v-Tb-e~ (jorbenaZe 1980: 290).Zvel qarTulSi moqm. gvaris zmnebTan II kavSirebiTis mawarmoebel-Ta ganawilebis Sesaxeb a. SaniZe ambobs: `a aris im SemTxvevaSi, Tu wyvetiliuniSnoa: Sevipyar _ Sevipyra, movkal _ movkla, Sevkar _ Sevkra,STavicu _ STavicua da misT.e moudis c fuZis zmnebs: mivsce, davsce da misT. da agreTve vSveda davicve zmnebs.o moudis danarCen zmnebs: davwero, Sevkero, Sevkribo, aRvzardo,aRvavso da sxv. am niSanTagan a da o im SemTxvevaSi aqvs II kavSirebiTs(anu II myofads), Tu masTan Sewyobili pird. obieqti mxolobiT ricxvSidgas. xolo, Tu igi n-arian mravlobiTSi dgas, maSin zmnaSi pird. obieqtismravl. ricxvis aRmniSvneli n gaCndeba da a niSanica da o-c e-dgadakeTdeba; mag.: Sevipyra igi _ Sevipyrne igini, aRvzardo igi _ aRvzardneigini da misT...121

is zmnebi, romelTac kumSvadi fuZis bolokidurad n aqvT, II kavSirebiTSie-s gviCveneben: raÁTa vqmne, ganvxrwne, ganvryune da misT.~ (SaniZe1976: 98-99).vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTagan prefiqsian vnebiTebTan _ -o bolosarTi,sufiqsian da uniSno vnebiTebTan ki -e sufiqsia warmodgenili a. SaniZiseultabulebSi (SaniZe 1976: 112, 116).wyvetilTan mimarTebaSia ganxiluli II kavSirebiTis mawarmoebelTagamovlenis sakiTxi ivane da vaxtang imnaiSvilebis wignSi `zmna Zvel qar-TulSi~:1. o ixmareba yvela im SemTxvevaSi, roca wyvetilSia ev-wer-e _ v-wer-ov-a-q-e _ v-a-q-o2. roca wyvetilSi zmnas mwkrivis niSani ar moepoveba, II kavSirebiTSia moudis:v-Tqu _ v-T-qu-ada-v-a-b _ da-v-a-b-amo-v-kal _ mo-v-kl-aSe-v-Txaz _ Se-v-Txz-akumSvadi zmnebis meore nawili (wyvetilSi uniSnod rom ixmareboda)II kavSirebiTSi e-s gviCvenebs. esaa umTavresad is zmnebi, romelTac fuZisbolo bgerad n aqvT:aR-v-a-gzen _ aR-v-a-gzn-ev-a-grZen _ v-a-grZn-ev-qmen _ v-qmn-ev-i-jmen _ v-i-jmn-easeTia v-ze daboloebuli ori zmnac, siarulis aRmniSvneli slvada Ãdoma zmnebi da zogi sxva zmna:v-Sev _ v-Sv-eda-v-i-cev _ da-v-i-cv-emo-ved _ mo-vid-emo-u-Ãed _ mo-u-Ãd-eaR-v(h)fxuer _ aR-v-(h)-fxur-em-v-ec _ mi-vs-c-e122

3. zmnebs, romelTac wyvetilSi mwkrivis niSnad i moudis, II kavSirebiTSiueWvelad e daerTvis:gan-v-e-r-i _ gan-v-e-r-eda-v-e-c-i _ da-v-e-c-evh-rwmen-i _ vh-rwmen-eda-v-ber-d-i _ da-v-ber-d-egan-v-rcx-i _ gan-v-rcx-e4. II kavSirebiTis mwkrivis niSnad i ixmareboda zogjer wodebazmnaSi (imnaiSvili...i 1996: 188-191).2. II kavSirebiTis warmoeba axal qarTulSiaxal saliteraturo enaSi II kavSirebiTs -o, -a, -e sufiqsebi awarmoebs.igive kriteriumebia gaTvaliswinebuli aRniSnul sufiqsTa ganawilebisasaxal qarTulSi, riTac mkvlevarTa umravlesoba Zvel qarTulSixsenebul sakiTxze msjelobisas xelmZRvanelobs. e. i. aqac II kavSirebi-Tis warmoebas wyvetilis warmoeba Seapirobebs.arn. Ciqobava `Wanuris gramatikul analizSi~ ambobs: `qarTulSi amdrois sawarmoeblad sami sufiqsi ixmareba: -e (d-Ti nawarmoeb vnebiTeb-Tan metwilad da zog sxva gardauval zmnebTan), -a da -o gardamaval zmnebTan da -i-T, -e-Ti nawarmoeb vnebiTebTan: Tu -i anda nuli gvaqvs mawarmoeblad,aq -a gveqneba (davkar _ davkra, vTqvi _ vTqva, davabi _ davaba),Tu aoristSi -e aris, aq -o iqneba mawarmoebeli sufiqsi (gavakeTe _ gavakeTo,vwere _ vwero)~ (Ciqobava 1936: 142).aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT moqm. gvaris zmnebze a. SaniZe SeniSnavs:`am mwkrivis warmoebas mWidro kavSiri aqvs wyvetilis warmoebas-Tan. is zmnebi, romelTac niSani ara aqvT wyvetilSi, an Tu aqvT, narTaulii, aq niSnad miiReben a-s (ofianebs garda), yvela danarCeni ki (emianebsgarda) miiReben -o-s, maT Soris ofianebic... erTad-erTi moqm. gvaris zmna,romelsac II kavSirebiTi eniT aqvs nawarmoebi, aris cema (mi-, ga-, da- dasxv.): mivsce, misce, misces~ (SaniZe 1980: 433-434). vnebiTi gvaris zmnebs racSeexeba, a. SaniZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs iseT SemTxvevebze, roca prefiq-123

sian vnebiTebTan mosalodneli -a da -o sufiqsebis nacvlad -e bolosar-Ti gamovlindeba. aseTia n formantis mqone mr. ricxvis formebi: `n infiqsisxmareba mravlobiTSi erT cvlilebas iwvevs, romelic axasiaTebdaZvel qarTuls da axasiaTebs axal qarTulsac, ramdenadac Zveli warmoebadResac xmarebaSia: rogoric unda iyos mwkrivis niSani mxolobiTSi(a,Tu o), sul erTia, mravlobiTSi, n infiqsis xmarebis SemTxvevaSi, es ni-Sani e-d Seicvleba~ (SaniZe 1980: 448-449). martooden e niSans miiReben sufiqsianida uniSno vnebiTebic (SaniZe 1980: 451).II kavSirebiTis warmoebas wyvetilis mwkrivTan mimarTebaSi ganixilavsa. kiziriac. -a -e, -o afiqsTa ganawilebisas kriteriumebad ki gardamavloba-gardauvalobasada fuZekumSvadobas moixmobs: `II kavSirebiTiiwarmoeba namyo wyvetilisagan Semdegi wesiT: Tu zmna gardauvalia (donianivnebiTi, uniSno vnebiTi da zogi saSuali gvaris zmna), II kavSirebi-Tis niSnad gvaqvs -e, Tu gardamavalia, gvaqvs -a da -o. -a gvaqvs im SemTxvevaSi,roca wyvetilSi zmna fuZekumSvadia, uniSnoa, -o gvaqvs danar-Cen SemTxvevaSi~ (kiziria 1974: 101).II kavSirebiTis mawarmoebel elementTa sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gansxvavebulmosazrebas warmoadgens g. gogolaSvili. avtoris azriT, gadamwyvetimniSvneloba eniWeba ara Tavad wyvetilisa da II kavSirebiTis ur-TierTmimarTebas, aramed _ am mimarTebis safuZvels. amitomac problemasSemdegnairad warmoaCens: `namyo ZiriTadis warmoeba aris ganmsazRvreliII kavSirebiTis warmoebisa, Tu am nakvTTa warmoebas raime sxva safuZveliaqvs? anda, namyo ZiriTadis fuZes emyareba II kavSirebiTi Tu orive am nakvTisaTvissaerTo fuZea sayrdeni~ (gogolaSvili 1984: 79). avtori problemisgadaWris gzebsac am mimarTulebiT eZebs. wyvetilis -e sufiqsian(III da IV yalibis) formebs II kavSirebiTis -o bolosarTiani formebi Seesatyviseba.es Sesabamisoba kanonzomieria. xolo iq, sadac es wesi pirukuar moqmedebs (e. i. roca II kavSirebiTi -o sufiqsiTaa nawarmoebi, Sesabamisiwyvetilis formebSi ki -e ar Cans), adgili aqvs formobriv paralelizms.paraleluri formebia II kavSirebiTSi: icnas//icnos, igrZnas//igrZnos,Caflas//Caflos, daamynas//daamynos, dadvas//dados. paralelizmidasturdeba Sesabamisi wyvetilis formebSic (gogolaSvili 1984: 80-81).Tu -o sufiqsis gamovlenasTan SeiniSneba myari Sesabamisoba wyvetilisa124

da II kavSirebiTis warmoebas Soris, urTierTmimarTeba wyvetilis I da IIyalibis zmnebsa da Sesabamisi II kavSirebiTis formaTa Soris gansxvavebulia,aq gvaris faqtoric iCens Tavs, wyvetilis formaTa nawils II kav-SirebiTi -e sufiqsiT ewarmoeba, nawils ki _ -a sufiqsiT. -a da -e sufiqs-Ta gadanawilebisas gadamwyvetia ukve sayrdeni morfemis struqtura. `sayrdenimorfemis struqtura Seapirobebs II kavSirebiTis -a da -e formantebisgamovlenas I da II yalibis zmnebTan (axal qarTulSi ZiriTadadvnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi), oRond safuZveli Sepirobebisa sxvagvaria. Tu namyoZiriTadis warmoebisas yuradReba ar eqceva imas, sayrdeni morfemiseulixmovani, romelic reducirdeba, ra xmovania, II kavSirebiTis warmoebisasamas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba~ (gogolaSvili 1984: 91).axal saliteraturo qarTulSi Zveli viTareba mxolod uniSno da -d sufiqsian vnebiTebSi SenarCundeba.moqm. gvaris zmnebTan Tanamedrove qarTulSi, sayrdeni morfemisstruqturis miuxedavad, yvelgan -a bolosarTi gabatonda (garda miscazmnisa). aRniSnuli sufiqsis unifikacia aq ukve damTavrebulia.prefiqsian vnebiTebSi paralelizmis SemTxvevebma iCina Tavi. -e sufiqsianformaTa gverdiT -a bolosarTiani zmnebic gamovlindeba da, piriqiT,-a sufiqsian zmnebs zogjer -e bolosarTiani formebic axlavs.rogorc avtori ambobs, prefiqsiani vnebiTebisa da moqm. gvaris zmnaTaSemTxvevaSi `axali sistemis Camoyalibebis procesTan da zogjer ukveCamoyalibebul viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme~ (gogolaSvili 1984: 85).saSual qarTulSi xsenebuli mwkrivis kvlevisas mniSvnelovania isgansxvaveba, rac am niSniT Zvelsa da axal saliteraturo enebs SorisgamoikveTa.rogorc vnaxeT, warmoebis tipi ar Secvlila im zmnaTaTvis, romelnicwyvetils III da IV yalibiT iwarmoeben, esenia zmnebi, romlebic IIkavSirebiTSi -o bolosarTs miiReben (avaSen-e _ avaSen-o, avag-e _ avag-o).im zmnaTagan, romelTac wyvetili I da II yalibiT ewarmoeba, Zveli qar-Tuliseuli viTareba uniSno da d sufiqsianma vnebiTebma Semogvinaxes. esukanasknelni rogorc Zvel, ise axal saliteraturo enaSi II kavSirebiT-Si -e sufiqss dairTaven (gavTb-i _ gavTb-e, davberd-i _ davberd-e). I da IIyalibis zmnaTagan arsebiTi cvlileba Seexo moqm. da prefiqsiani vnebiTi125

gvaris zmnebs. saxeldobr, Tu Zvel saliteraturo enaSi moqm. gvariszmnebi mwkrivis mawarmoeblad II kavSirebiTSi -e da -a sufiqsebs miiReben,axal qarTulSi warmoebis tipi gamartivda, mxolod -a bolosarTi mogvevlinamwkrivis mawarmoebel elementad, e. i. moqm. gvaris zmnebTan moxda-a sufiqsis unifikacia. prefiqsian vnebiTebs rac Seexeba, axal saliteraturoenaSi maTTan paraleluri warmoeba kvlavac rCeba.sainteresoa, ra viTarebaa am TvalsazrisiT saSuali qarTulis samwerloboZeglebSi. II kavSirebiTis warmoebisas aRniSnuli periodis enaicavs Zvel tradicias Tu axali varianti ufro Warbobs masSi. gvxvdebaTu ara paraleluri formaTwarmoeba. Tu gvxvdeba, romeli saukunis ZeglebSiamaTi simravle SesamCnevi. gvainteresebs, romeli avtori mimarTavsZvelsa Tu axal formebs, an arqauli formebis gamoyenebas aqvs Tu aramasTan rame konkretuli safuZveli. ama Tu im mweralTan, ama Tu im teqstSidasturdeba Tu ara paralelizmis SemTxvevebi. am sakiTxTa SeswavlisasarsebiTia Tavad ZeglTa Tematikisa da nawarmoebTa Janris gaTvaliswinebac.3. II kavSirebiTis warmoeba saSual qarTulSi3.1. -a da –e sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTisaSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi II kavSirebiTis -a da -e sufiqsTa gadanawilebaaxali qarTulis msgavsad xdeba, Zveli warmoebis kvali ki mxolodaqa-iq Tu SeiniSneba.es gansakuTrebiT moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebTanaa sacnauri. moqmedebiTigvaris zmnebi TiTqmis mTlianad axal warmoebazea gadasuli. TuZvel qarTulSi maTTan -a da -e mawarmoebelTa gamovlenas sayrdeni morfemisxmovani ganapirobebda, saSuali qarTulis TiTqmis yvela ZeglSiII kavSirebiTis niSnad -a sufiqsi gvxvdeba ganurCevlad imisa, sayrden morfemaSiromeli xmovania gauCinarebuli. aRniSnuli gvaris formebSi -asufiqsis unifikacia jer kidev saSual qarTulSi damTavrebuli Cans, -ebolosarTi ki mxolod naSTis saxiT aris SemorCenili.126

-a sufiqsia warmodgenili iq, sadac sayrden morfemaSi -a xmovanimoiazreba:magra giTxra pirvel xvalme, seni me mWirs raca Wirad (vefx., 126, 4);romelsaca queyanasa SemiCinoT, Tavi Cemi ara Seviwyalo, anu aRgisrulosawadeli anu movikla Tavi (am., 202, 5);Wirni rad aRvZra saCemod, saqmeni rad davimaSe? (T. I, 116, 4);aseTs saqmesa iqms, Senve Tavsa Semoikra da aRara geSvelos ra(saba, s.s., 27);RmerTman nu romeli mijnuri daapyras eseTsa unebelsa yofasaguldamwuari da dauTmobeli (vis., 279, 24);aTas wel versiT SeuvalT, Tu zed dagvixSan karia (vefx., 1379, 4).-a sufiqsia II kavSirebiTis niSani zmnebSi, romelTa sayrden morfemaSicsxva xmovania reducirebuli anda umarcvloa:aR-Tu-uTqua aRnaTquemi Seni ufalsa RmerTsa Sensa, ara daayeno aRsrulebaÁmisi (sam. Zegl., I, 120);ukeTu Zalad ara STavacvaT xalaTi ese, imkacvris beri ese qar-TvelTagan (batoniS., II, 176);da miumcno manca egreT, raTa paemansa Sekrben erTad, da daamÃuanabaRa yaeni da daipyran Ãelmwifoba (q. cx., II, 258, 14);da samdRvirod RÂnoÁ Jamsa sTulisasa Semsgavsebulad mosulisaSinaT moarTuan msaxurTa monastrisaTa yovelTa erTi sawyavi (ist. sab.,56, 8);romel gixuaiSnoT mefeT-mefisa winaSe, da gagiSuas mSuidobiT (am.,143, 3);guli asre dauyenos, egonos Tu Toki abas,erTi rame salaRobo zed xumroba wamoabas (arC. II, 17, 3);viT siTboT vardman yvavili, suni gamosces iama,dabuÃebulman, nazamTrma mÃari aRisxas Wiama (daviTiani, 55. 200, 2).Zveli qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, II kavSirebiTSi -a bolosarTidasturdeba im zmnebSic, romelTa sayrden morfemaSi -e xmovania gauCinarebuli.moqmedebiTi gvaris formaTa II kavSirebiTis amgvar warmoebazegadasvla saSual qarTulSi ukve dasrulebulad gamoiyureba. amaze migvaniSnebsaRniSnuli periodis adreul ZeglebSi -a sufiqsis gamovlena127

yvelgan, sadac, Zveli tradiciisamebr, -e bolosarTi iyo mosalodneli.amis magaliTebi ki mravladaa:rome damxsna SeWirveba, eSma bilwi asapyre (vefx., 130, 2);da Tavman mefobisa Tquenisaman, erTi turfa aseTi ram giZRuna, romekacisa Tualisagan egeTi ara naxul iyoso (am., 198, 9);anu movkvde anu Sevigna mizezi mwuxarebisa misisa (T. II, 140, 8);ganvrcxaT samoselni sulTa CvenTani cremliTa mduRariTa (saba,swavl., 188, 582);avi saqme, avi sityva guliT aRar gaicado,ra ese hqna, daxalasde, nawvelman gamoica do (arC., II, 1126, 4);dedam ra Svas Ze, pirvelTa WirT aRar moiÃsenebsa (daviTiani, 31. 31,1);aramed romelman ara daicvas sawoli TÂsi wmidad, ara jer ars misTana daTmena (q. cx., II, 121, 10);es yvelam SevityeviT, rom, vinc vis mouWras, erTi didi mterobaisic aris (sam. Zegl., I, 307);Tqva, `naqmari nuTu migZnan, marjve sityva moviaxlo (bes., 56. 66, 3);vazirT sityva unda Seamowmon da, romeli amjobinon, igi daaskvnan(saba, s.s., 45);vici, ragind kargada gwvrTna, maSinca mmzer isev mterad (arC., I, 40.171, 1);ukeTu ara daiSTo Tavi Seni da ganryvna frTeni sulisa Senisani(saba, swavl., 149, 453).bolo magaliTSi zmnasTan narian mravlobiTSi pird. obieqtia Sewyobili,norma -e bolosarTs moiTxovs kavSirebiTis niSnad. garda amisa,`ryven~ Zireul morfemaSi -e xmovania gauCinarebuli da mainc axaliwarmoeba gvxvdeba. Tumca `swavlanSi~, religiuri Janris nawarmoebSi,gamomdinare TviT Zeglis xasiaTidan, mosalodneli iyo, Zvel warmoebasSevxvedrodiT.msgavsi SemTxveva arCilTanacaa. Tumca pird. obieqtis mixedviT ricxvSimonacvle zmnasTan mx. ricxvSi mdgari pird. obieqtia Sewyobili:droa Sevide saunjes Zvelad xel-miuyofelsa,ganvaxvna larTa zardaxSa, gauyo yovlsa sofelsa (arC., I, 142. 69, 2).128

es cxadyofs imas, rom XVII saukunisTvis moqmedebiTi gvaris zmneb-Tan II kavSirebiTis -a sufiqsiani warmoebis unifikacia ukve didi xnisdasrulebulia. aqa-iq naSTis saxiT Semonaxul -e bolosarTian formebsaczogjer Tavisi safuZveli aqvs.Cven mier Seswavlil saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi moqmedebiTi gvaris-e bolosarTiani aTiode forma dadasturda. maTi umravlesoba `qmne~da `iÃsne~ zmnebia da isini `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ gvxvdeba.juanSeris istoriaSi aseTi 4 zmna moviZieT:romel ginda Cemgan, me vqmne aw (q. cx., I, 184, 1).juanSerisave Txzulebis sxvadasxva xelnawerSi igive zmna orivesufiqsiTaa warmodgenili. `qmnes~ forma gvxvdeba 1633-1646 wlis mariamiseulnusxaSi, romelsac XVIII saukunis dadianiseul nusxaSi `qmnas~ enacvleba:da ubrZana, raTa gamonaxos Ãevsa mas Sina adgili samonastre daaRaSenos eklesia, da qmnes monastrad (q. cx., I, 178, 1).aqve, anaseul (XV s.) da dadianiseul (XVIII s.) xelnawerebSi aris`giÃxsnes~ zmna, romelsac ramdenime sxva xelnawerSi (WalaSviliseuli(XVI s.-is II naxevari), mariamiseuli (1633-1646 ww.), maCabliseuli (1736 w.),janaSviliseuli (XVIII s.-is Sua wlebi)) -a sufiqsiani forma cvlis:maSin gixilos Sen Wirsa Sina da giÃsnes RmerTman (q. cx., I, 162, 19).amave fuZis mqone zmnebi -e sufiqsiT dasturdeba leonti mrovelisistoriaSi:da madlobda RmerTsa da evedreboda, raTa moxednes wyalobiT ersamas SecTomilsa da iÃsnes eSmakisagan (q. cx., I, 92, 16);man gixilos Wirsa Sina da giÃsnes Sen (q. cx., I, 105, 21).`samarTlis ZeglebSic~, kerZod, moses samarTalSic vnaxeT moqmedebiTigvaris -e sufiqsiani forma:romelman qmnes boroti winaSe uflisa RmrTisa Senisa dagardahÃdes mcnebaTa misTa (sam. Zegl., I. 109).moqmedebiTi gvaris formebi II kavSirebiTis -e bolosarTiT gvxvdebaTeimuraz I-Tan da Teimuraz II-sTan. Teimuraz I `mijnurT ambavSi~ -esufiqss leqsis sazomisaTvis unda mimarTavdes:maT misi cxeni mihyvandaT, netar misTana Sexva ra!129

sxva msgavsi iosebisa, veWob, dedaman Sves ara! (T. I, 65. 40, 4).Teimuraz II-is poemaSi `sarke TqmulTa~ saxarebiseuli Tematika undaganapirobebdes Zveli qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli warmoebis gamoyenebas:Sen muclad iRo da Sve Ze, ieso ewodisao (T. II, 27. 216, 4).sxva avtorebTan igive zmna mxolod -a bolosarTiT gvxvdeba. magaliTad,daviT guramiSvili, roca iesos Sobaze gviambobs, aRniSnulzmnasTan -a sufiqss moixmars:ocdaxuTs marts gabriel angelozman axara,zegardmo mokiTxva hrqva: yrma Svao patara (daviTiani, 117).sulxan-sabasTanac -a bolosarTiT gvxvdeba es zmna:mamaman Svili Svas eseTi da mzrdelman aRzardos msgavsi amiso (saba,s.s., 66).arCilic mxolod -a sufiqsian warmoebas mimarTavs:aha, miudges qalwuli, Svas Zeo-gankvirvebuli (arC., II, 138, 2);sxva am bediTa nuRar Svas, riT raebada maT visi (arC., 173. 312, 2).Tu gaviziarebT gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss imis Sesaxeb, rom `viec~zmnaSi e sayrdeni morfemiseulia, maSin kavSirebiTis `vice~ formaSi -emawarmoeblis arseboba logikuria da rusTaveli am SemTxvevaSi amgvarwarmoebas mxolod riTmis saWiroebiT ar mimarTavs:gnaxe sulTan gauyrelman, fici asre davamtkice:aw damexsen, sikvdilamdis vitiro da Tavsa vice (vefx., 863, 3);arvis uTxra suliersa, saficari momec mtkice,fici fica saSineli: `Tavicao kldeTa vice!~ (vefx., 1141, 4).saleqso sazomiT ver avxsniT -e bolosarTis gamoyenebas sxvataepSi:modi da gavxsnaT, SevigneT, saWurWle Tu ra zomia (vefx., 1352, 2).`vefxistyaosanSive~ igive zmna -a mawarmoebliT gvxvdeba:ra Semoviden indoeTs, Sevigna maTi gvaroba,vuCveno Cemi Zal-guli da Cemi meomaroba (vefx., 534, 2);mefe brZanebs: `ra SevignaT, guli Cveni raT ixsnebis? (vefx, 1171, 1).130

`Sevigna~ formebia Teimuraz II-is `TimsarianSi~ da sulxan-sabas`sibrZne sicrueSic~:anu movkvde anu Sevigna mizezi mwuxarebisa misisa (T. II, 140, 8);me ugunuri nu ggonivarT, vera Sevigna ra (saba, s.s., 130).aRniSnuli zmna -e bolosarTiT dasturdeba `visramianSic~. rogorccnobilia, `visramianis~ qarTuli xelnawerebi gviandeli xanisaa. Tumca,aqac auxsnelia jer kidev am periodisaTvis iSviaTi warmoebis formaTagamovlena:raca SemiZlia, moviWirveb, romel gulisa Cemisa nadebi ver Seignes(vis., 132, 14).zemoT ganxilul formaTagan yvelas, rogorc Zveli qarTulisaTvisiyo Cveulebrivi, sayrden morfemaSi -e xmovani aqvs gauCinarebuli (-qmen-,-Ãsen-, -ec-, -gen-, -Sev-).gairkva, rom saSual qarTulSi moqmedebiTi gvaris I da II yalibiszmnebi II kavSirebiTs axali qarTulis msgavsad iwarmoeben. TiTqmis yvelaZeglSi -a sufiqsi gvxvdeba mawarmoeblad. -e bolosarTi ki, romelicZvel qarTulSi Cveulebriv gamovlindeboda iq, sadac Zireul sayrdenmorfemaSi e xmovani iyo gauCinarebuli, Cven mier mokvleul masalaSi sakmaodiSviaTia. am iSviaT formaTagan zogierTis gamoyenebas Tu leqsTwyobismizeziT an Tavad Zeglis TematikiT avxsniT, ramdenime maTganisarseboba zogjer amgvari mizezebis miRma rCeba.sayrdeni morfemiseuli xmovani Seapirobebda -a da -e II kavSirebi-Tis sufiqsTa ganawilebas prefiqsian vnebiTebTan Zvel qarTulSi. aq mkafiodiyo gansazRvruli -a da -e bolosarTTa gamovlenis areali.kerZod, uniSno da -i elementiani wyvetilis mqone zmnebi, romelTafuZiseul sayrden morfemaSi e xmovania gauCinarebuli, II kavSirebiTs -ebolosarTiT iwarmoebda; xolo is uniSno da -i elementiani wyvetilismqone zmnebi, romelTa Zireul morfemaSi nulTan monacvle e xmovani ardasturdeboda, II kavSirebiTSi mwkrivis niSnad -a sufiqss dairTavdnen.axal qarTulSi formaTa paralelizmma iCina Tavi. `aris SemTxvevebi, rocaprefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi II kavSirebiTis -e sufiqsian formebsuCndeba paraleluri, -a sufiqsiani formebi da piriqiT, -a sufiqsian131

formebs uCndeba -e sufiqsiani paraleluri formebi (gogolaSvili 1984:88-89).saSual qarTulSi viTareba gansxvavebulia. sayrdeni morfemiseulixmovani TiTqos ukve kargavs Zvel funqcias da masze moniSnuli sademarkacioxazic fermkrTaldeba. saSual qarTulSi ukve moCans paraleluriformebi, Tumca am formobriv paralelizmSi -a sufiqsis upiratesobacikveTeba, gansxvavebiT axali qarTulisagan, sadac II kavSirebiTis es orimawarmoebeli Tanabrad gvevlineba paralelur afiqsebad. saSuali qarTulisZeglebSi vxvdebiT zmnebs, romelTa sayrden morfemaSic e xmovanimonacvleobs nulTan, xolo II kavSirebiTis tradiciuli -e sufiqsisgverdiT -a mawarmoebelic aris. piriqiT ki ar xdeba: Cven mier mokvleulmasalaSi ver davadastureT vercerTi faqti, roca sayrden morfemaSi araris nulTan monacvle e xmovani, II kavSirebiTs ki -a sufiqsis paralelurad-e bolosarTic awarmoebs. SeiZleba, vifiqroT, saSuali qarTulienis ganviTarebis is etapia, roca am tipis prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvariszmnaTa II kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad jer mxolod -a bolosarTi gvevlineba.saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa didinawili, ra Tqma unda, sayrdeni morfemiseuli xmovnis mixedviT iwarmoebsII kavSirebiTs. zmnebi, romelTa sayrden morfemaSi ar aris nulTanmonacvle e xmovani, -a sufiqss dairTavs mwkrivis mawarmoeblad. yvelaZeglSi analogiuri viTarebaa:sxva mefe dajdes indoeTs, me mertyas Cemi xrmalia? (vefx., 558, 4);ra igi maT Seebnes, igi asi kaci zeda gardaesxas (am., 185, 6);Sen rom SemcdrobiT daiwva, sisxli rad Cemsa qedobiT? (T. I, 20. 45,4);yovelTave sTvalavs da swers, raTa mierTvas qristesa (saba, swavl.,126, 376);raRas Seveswra, an Tu daveswrasiWabukesa qve damdebare? (arC., I, 238. 68, 7);roca daifqvas, rogorc gagxvdeT fqvili, ise gaiyaviT, radgan gakliaTfqvili (batoniS., I, 201);132

vinicoba aris, romlisgan maradis RmerTman dagvicvas swored, CvensaveqveyanaSi erTi-erTmanerTisagan SfoTi aRiZras (sam. Zegl., II, 434);Tu warvide, ubralo eri moisras (q. cx., II, 290, 6);ukeTu enebos mokudineba Seni, me movikla da ara Sen (q. cx., II, 197, 16);sadaca iqadagos saxareba ese, munca iTquas dedakaci ese (q. cx., I,86, 12).rac Seexeba zmnebs, romelTa sayrden morfemaSic e xmovani monacvleobsnulTan, mxolod mcire nawili dairTavs II kavSirebiTSi -e bolosarTs:miT viswavlebiT mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa (vefx., 781, 4);nuTu anazdad gatydes da Senve geces (vis., 215, 15);pirispir WvretiT ganvnaTldeT, miveceT didsa Svebasa (T. II, 119.. 16,3);nu Semiyvaneb Rrma zRvaTa, rom ar davinTqeo (daviTiani, 81. 384, 1);ra aRvides dasasrulsa, kibeTa xarisxi Seimusros da qveCamoingres(saba, swavl., 116, 340);eklesia qvaTa odesme dairRues da aRaSenian miTve qviTa (q. cx., I,164, 15).nawili zmnebisa, romelTa sayrden morfemaSic nulTan monacvle exmovania, -a sufiqsiT iwarmoebs II kavSirebiTs. amgvari warmoeba SeiniSnebasaSuali qarTulis rogorc adreuli, ise mogviano periodis yvelaJanris ZeglSi:Svid dRis Semdgomad warirRvnas cxoveli uSen-SenobiT (T. II, 10. 71,4);erTs Wazed rom modido saxli feCiani daidgas, rom aTi magisTanamaSina daetios, aTi Tvali wisqvili iqneba (daviTiani, 286).sulxan-sabasTan -a sufiqsiani warmoeba sxvadasxva Tematikis TxzulebaSidasturdeba. -a bolosarTi gvxvdeba ara mxolod `sibrZne sicrue-Si~, sadac axali formebi Cveulebrivia, is dasturdeba `swavlanSic~, sadacdidaqtikur-moralisturi Txroba umetesad sasuliero Temebs Seexeba,rac, Sesabamisad, Zvel samwerlobo normebs gulisxmobs:amiT scan, rome ulvaSni da wverni misni Tan aRmoifxvras (saba, s.s.,10);133

da viTarca marglasa Sina frTxil iyos kaci, raTa ekalTa wil araaRmoifxvras jejili (saba, swavl., 84, 225).amave TxzulebaSia:moiRe da dasTxie miwaTa da ra ganibnas, arRara ixilvebian da uCinar(saba, swavl., 332, 247 B).axal warmoebas ufro xSirad mimarTavs arCili:gijobs, iwvrTna, daidumo, garedamec bage miadg (arC., I, 92. 80, 2);gaikrtnas, Cajdes vards Sua, maSin hkravs rast-muRamebsa (arC., I, 139.41, 3).amgvari warmoeba xSiria samarTlis ZeglebSic. vaxtang VI-is mierSedgenil samarTlis wignTa krebulSi, saxeldobr, berZnuli samarTlisqarTul versiaSi dasturdeba aseTi -a bolosarTiani formebi:ukeTu vinme qalwuli qali, dauniSnavi visganme, ganixrwnas, cotasxans SeiCvenos kaci igi (sam. Zegl., I, 152);ukeTu Tavis Sua ezoSi xe edgas visme da imisma fesuma mezoblissaxlis saZirkvels avnos rame, brZanebiTa mTavrisaTa ZiriTurT aRmoifxuras(sam. Zegl., I, 189).aseTi formebis damowmeba kidev SeiZleboda, Tumca, Cven mier mokvleulmasalaSi ufro sainteresoa formobrivi paralelizmi, romelicdasturdeba zmnebTan, romelTa sayrden morfemaSic e xmovani monacvleobsnulTan. -a da -e bolosarTTa paraleluri gamoyeneba yvelaze xSiri`qmen~ zmnis II kavSirebiTSia. Tavidanve aRvniSnavT, rom -a bolosarTianiwarmoeba aSkarad sWarbobs -e sufiqsian formebs. -a bolosarTiani warmoebisdamowmeba SesaZlebelia Cven mier Seswavlili Zeglebis udides nawilSi,mxatvrulsa Tu aramxatvrul teqstebSi, poetursa Tu gauleqsavTxzulebebSi. magaliTad, `vefxistyaosanSi~, `visramianSi~, `daviTianSi~,`sibrZne sicrueSi~, `samarTlis ZeglebSi~ aRniSnuli zmnis mxolod -asufiqsiani formebi gvxvdeba:me waval da Sen dagagdeb, iqmnas Seni saqadeli! (vefx., 880, 4);Seundobeli risxva movides Tquengan mas zeda da agreca iqmnas nebada wadili Tqueni (vis., 33, 18);sjobs, rom Cven erTni SeviqnaT, ageb gveRirsos Zilebi (daviTiani,60. 240, 4);134

maT yvelas eqmnas wylis gamo danTqma,me SenTan Cemi vamkvidro aRTqma! (daviTiani, 253. 523, 1);ukeTumca odesme aRdginebul iqmnas axali raÁme qalaqi samefosaSina imereTisasa, ... visargeblo meca romelimesa nawiliTa misgan SemosvlisaTa(sam. Zegl., II, 562);raTa srul iqmnas wyaloba da wadili patronisa tkbilisa da saxierisalaSqarTa da spaTa misTa zeda (q. cx., II, 35, 11);da mivida Zisa Tana lang-Temurisa, da evedreboda, raTamca TanaSemweeqmnas mamisa misisa (q. cx., II, 467, 28);amisTÂs hyo saqme igi, raTa sacnaur iqmnas cixisa myofTa mier kadnierebamaTi (q. cx., II, 470, 25).`qmen~ zmnis II kavSirebiTis paraleluri warmoeba dasturdeba `qar-Tlis cxovrebaSi~. kerZod, leonti mrovelisa da juanSeris TxzulebaTasxvadasxva xelnawerSi sxvadasxva formiT vnaxeT dasaxelebuli zmnis IIkavSirebiTi. magaliTad, -a bolosarTiani forma vnaxeT leonti mrovelisTxzulebis erT-erT CanarTSi, romelic XVIII saukunis I meoTxedis TeimuraziseulxelnawerSia da agreTve juanSeris istoriis erT-erTCanarTSi, romelic 1803 wliT TariRdeba:raTa me viyo ganmgebel cxovrebisa maTisa, xeli aRupyra da SevewiomaT, da aravin mterTagani mZle eqmnas maT (q. cx., I, 38, 13);da ukeTu ara gza geqnas, iyav saxlad da sarwmunod mnebebelad (q.cx., I, 211, 3).-e sufiqsian warmoebas vxvdebiT leonti mrovelis TxzulebaTa da`matiane qarTlisas~ sxvadasxva nusxaSi:Cueneba ese Seni ars, rameTu adgili ese Sen mier iqmnes samoTxe (q.cx., I, 102, 4);ukeTu uRono iqmnes yofa Cueni, umjobes ars, raTa SevideT saber-ZneTad da mivmarToT qristianeTa, vidreRara Seiginos Svili Cueni warmarTTamier (q. cx., I, 249, 10).sainteresoa, rom paraleluri formebi erTsa da imave nusxaSi aRmoCnda.magaliTad, leonti mrovelis WalaSviliseul xelnawerSi `iqmne~zmnas anaseuli xelnaweris `iqmna~ forma cvlis. aseve leonti mroveli-135

save istoriaSi anaseuli nusxis `iqmnas~ zmna enacvleba mariamiseulixelnaweris `iqmnes~ formas:rameTu Senve gÂpyren da Senve yav ese Cuen zeda, da ubralo iqmnesisxlisa Cuenisagan, axovano (q. cx., I, 73, 9);esreTve iyos waryvaneba Seni, odes ege ekali, romeli ars garemosSensa, yoveli iqmnes vardis furcel sulnel (q. cx., I, 85, 2).maSin roca juanSeris istoriis anaseuli xelnaweri `eqmnes~ formasinaxavs, am ukanasknels broseseul, WalaSviliseul, dadianiseul variantebSi`eqmnas~ zmna cvlis:da evedreboda, raTa ipyras Svili misi mamulsa Sina missa, da mouraveqmnes igi sparsTa mefesa winaSe (q. cx., I, 144, 16).aq broseseul, WalaSviliseul, dadianiseul variantebSi `eqmnas~formaa damowmebuli.ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasoba~ da sulxan-saba orbelianis `swavlani~saukeTeso magaliTebia imisa, roca aRniSnuli zmnis paraleluriformebi erTi avtoris erTsa da imave TxzulebaSia. Tumca, konkretulisafuZveli -e da -a bolosarTian formaTa gadanawilebas ar moeZebnebasulxan-sabas nawarmoebSi, sadac xsenebuli zmnis II kavSirebiTis Zveli(-e sufiqsiani) formebi raodenobrivad CamorCeba -a sufiqsian formebs:ukeTu ara aRasrula sawadeli Seni, ixile, Tu viTar gulklebulmisa iqmne da kvnesiT RmerTsa Seasmino (saba, swavl., 96, 268);da saSvebelni sasufevlisani dausrulebelni ukunisamde maSin ixiloSen, ukeTu sofelsa amas sZlio da eSmaksa mre eqmna (saba, swavl., 165,507).aseve ar aris motivirebuli -e da -a bolosarTTa ganawileba ioanebatoniSvilis `kalmasobaSi~:odes iqmnebis droÁ, raTa winamZRvar gveqmna saqarTvelosa zeda(batoniS., II, 97);ukeTu aw amas zeda geqmne morCil, mermeRa mawvio me sjuli mamadisa(batoniS., II, 104).Tanabari sixSiriT gvxvdeba isini arCilTanac:mnaTobT Suqi ar moakldes, duxWirT eqmnas turfada viT (arC., II, 51, 4);136

Semwynarebeli obolTa mZle eqmnes Tvissa mZlevelsa (arC., I, 73. 6,2).SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saSual qarTulSi -e bolosarTis tradiciuladgils -a sufiqsi ikavebs. Tqmulis safuZvels Cven mier moZiebuli paraleluriformebi gvaZlevs. magaliTad, gesmas//gesmes zmnasTan -a bolosarTianiformebi dasturdeba `vefxistyaosanSi~, `visramianSi~, TeimurazI-Tan, arCilTan, sulxan-sabas `swavlanSi~, samarTlis ZeglebSi:marTal xarT, momkalT, ra gesmas ambavi gakvirvebuli (vefx., 744, 2);waed, romel ara gesmas sityua gulisa dambnedeli (vis., 248, 31);sayvirTa ismas maSin xma, samkvdreTi aiyarosa (T. I, 129. 25, 2);raca gmsaxuro, mogesmas, mowmad myves Tqveni sadria (arC., II, 429, 2).-e bolosarTi am zmnasTan gvxvdeba `swavlansa~ da samarTlis ZeglebSi.Tumca aq aRniSnuli bolosarTis paralelurad -a sufiqsis arsebobacfaqtia:enuqi aRfrindebis SemTxvevad gabrielisa, raTa esmas saidumlo dafaruliangelozTagan (saba, swavl., 47, 103);ixile da ganekrZale, raTa mogces RmerTman da ara gesmes Ãma igisazareli (saba, swavl., 71, 183);da gvesmas Ãma saSineli maT RrubelTa ganpobisa da uwodoT quxilad(sam. Zegl., II, 349);da raTa gvesmes sanatreli igi ÃmaÁ (sam. Zegl., II, 142).paraleluri formaTwarmoeba `Ãsen~ Zireuli morfemis mqone zmnaTaII kavSirebiTTanac gvxvdeba. Tu samarTlis ZeglebSi es zmna -e sufiqsiTaris warmodgenili, `visramianSi~, Teimuraz II-is `Timsariansa~ da arCilispoemebSi igi -a bolosarTiT gvxvdeba.1470 wliT daTariRebul Sewirulobis wignSi -e mawarmoebeli i-prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnasTan aris:da raTa viÃsne saukuneTa satanjvelTagan da Rirs-myos nawilsamarTalTasa da xilvad naTlisa pirisa misisasa RmerTman utyuelman (sam.Zegl., II, 142).`visramianSi~ -e prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnasTan ramdenjermeSegvxvda -a sufiqsi:137

anu didsa wyalsa Tavsa Cavigdeb, romel daveÃsna Cemsa yofasa (vis.,92, 32);romel daveÃsna Wirsa da Senisa saeWuisagan gamovide (vis., 196, 3);guli mivsce ama mzesa, daveÃsna visis Wirsa (vis., 252, 22);nuTu esre daeba erTxel, romel veRaraiT RoniTa daeÃsna (vis., 176,27).e gaxmovanebis Zireuli morfemis mqone (Ãsen) zmnasTan II kavSirebi-Tis mawarmoeblad -a sufiqsi gvxvdeba Teimuraz II-is `TimsarianSi~:rom aseTsa SeWirvebasa da SiSsa davexsnaTo (T. II, 167, 17).-a sufiqsiani formis gamoyeneba arCilis poemebSi riTmiT an romelimesxva saleqso sazomiT ar aris Sepirobebuli:sjobs, gamityde, Camomexsna, Tvarem moggvri TvalTa namas (arC., II,74, 3);agre yofas dia gijobs, lxiniT sofels Seeqceo,umecrebas Camoexsna, Cems mcnebazed moiqceo (arC., I, 200. 542, 4);raca etlsa gaebedos, vin daexsnas anu sveso? (arC., I, 165. 243, 2).`Sev~ Zireuli morfemis mqone prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnaTa IIkavSirebiTSi paraleluri formebi davadastureT ramdenime ZeglSi, ker-Zod, -a sufiqsiani forma vnaxeT `daviTianSi~, arCilis poemebsa da vaxtangVI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulSi:nu goneb, kidev Ãelaxla viSva da movkvdeo,an misebr jojoxeTSigan meRa mivideo (daviTiani, 128. 52, 1);dawere da, vir ar naxo, Sen ar mohkvde, iyo zeze,qvabsa iSvas beTlemisas, sad miuSvan xari bzeze (arC., II, 140, 3);aRmcixoceba qveyana, sad Senebr iSvas arjali (arC., I, 204. 583, 1);ra sxva sxvas gvarsa miudges, miT iSvas, miT moSendeba (arC., I, 281.41, 2);ukeTu dedis mucliTgan brma iSvas vinme anu senTagan dabrmavda,man rom anderZi qmnas uwignod,... daijereba (sam. Zegl., I, 160).Teimuraz II-is `sarke TqmulTaSi~ da sulxan-sabas `swavlanSi~ kiaRniSnuli zmnis II kavSirebiTs -e bolosarTi awarmoebs:qriste rom iSves RamiTa, iyos ra Seni qmniloba (T. II, 29. 230, 2);138

amisTvis eneba yovelTa Svilier yofa, nu ukve Svilisa misgan iSvesqriste (saba, swavl., 304, 162).Cven mier Seswavlil ZeglebSi prefiqsian vnebiTTa II kavSirebiTSiformobrivi paralelizmi gamovlinda `Wer~ Zireuli morfemis SemcvelzmnasTan, romelic gaqcevis, velad gaWris mniSvnelobiT ixmareba. -e sufiqsigamoyenebulia `vefxistyaosansa~ da besikis `rZal-dedamTilianSi~:va Tu gaviWre, gaWrilsa sada, glax, damwvavs sam-ali (vefx., 699, 1);guli mindors ar gaiWres, ar iirmos, arca iTxos (vefx., 658, 2);Tu mkvdaria, meca movkvde, kldes gardviWre dafarulad (bes., 57. 71, 3).amave Txzulebis erT-erT xelnawerSi `kldes gaviWra~ frazaamovikiTxeT.aRniSnuli zmnis II kavSirebiTis -a bolosarTiani formebi ki dasturdebarogorc poetur, ise arapoetur teqstSi, saxeldobr,`amirandarejanianis~ damatebaSi, Teimuraz I-is `leil-majnunianSi~, `sibrZnesicrueSi~, arCilis galeqsil `visramianSi~:esreT viTa martorqa dedis mucliT gamoiWras, egre sagebliT axltis(am., 717, 8);ityvis: `momca bedman xelqmna, aw gaviWra, netar, me sad?~ (T. I, 29. 38, 4);daRonda: `viri arsad gardameWras da ar davkargoo (saba, s.s., 70);gaiWras velad, gavardes, cudi xeloba swadevdes (arC., I, 136. 16, 3).imave Zireuli morfemis (Wer) mqone zmna sxva mniSvnelobiTacgvxvdeba, saxeldobr, Wris, kveTis Sinaarsis matarebeli. paraleluriformebi II kavSirebiTisa am zmnasTanac dasturdeba. magaliTad, ioane batoniSvilis`kalmasobaSi~ vkiTxulobT:da mere ganaCina sulTanman sikvdili biZinasi esegvariTa saxiTa,raTa TviTeuli asoÁ sxeulisa misisa moiWras saxsarTa Sina (batoniS., II,116).-a sufiqsiTvea warmodgenili es zmna vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wign-Ta krebulSi, berZnuli samarTlis qarTul versiaSi:xolo ukeTu ara SeeZlos da ara hqondes ra, marcxena xeli moeWras(sam. Zegl., I, 141).Tumca iqve es zmna -e sufiqsiT gvxvdeba:139

vincavin mÃedari wavlen laSqarsa, iq rom daiWres da gzaze mokudes,da iq qna anderZi sam kacs winaSe anu ors kacTana,... daijereba (sam.Zegl., I, 160-161).erTi avtoris erTsa da imave ZeglSi arsebuli formobrivi paralelizmiskidev erTi saukeTeso magaliTia sulxan-sabas `swavlanSi~ gamovleniliSemTxveva. `ryven~ Zireuli morfemis Semcvel prefiqsiani vnebi-Ti gvaris zmnas II kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad erTgan Tu -e sufiqsi mier-Tvis, meoregan mas -a bolosarTi moudis:igi saqme dauteos da sxvasa romelsame saubarsa iwyos Tqmad, Tucasaqme igi ara ganiryvnes (saba, swavl., 27-28).frinvelnica ganhyrian, ra ganeryvnas frTeni da daumwikvldes TvisiTanakrteniTa (saba, swavl., 159, 486).rogorc mokvleulma masalam cxadyo, II kavSirebiTSi paraleluriformebi prefiqsian vnebiTTagan ewarmoeba mxolod im zmnebs, romelTasayrden morfemaSic e xmovani monacvleobs nulTan. Tu Zvel qarTulSiam zmnebs II kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad yovelTvis -e sufiqsi moudis, sa-Sual qarTulSi -e sufiqsis gverdiT ukve -a bolosarTic gvxvdeba _ ufrometic, am tipis (e gaxmovanebis) zmnebSi II kavSirebiTs umetesad -a sufiqsiawarmoebs. SevecadeT, paralelizmis Cven mier moZiebuli faqtebismixedviT miaxloebiT mainc gangvesazRvra -e bolosarTian da -a bolosarTianformaTa Tanafardoba. aRmoCnda, rom yvela SemTxvevaSi -a sufiqsianzmnaTa ricxvi Sesabamisi zmnis -e bolosarTian formebs aRemateba.magaliTad, gesmas//gesmes formaTa Sepirispirebisas gairkva, rom -a sufiqsianiformebi TiTqmis oTxjer sWarbobs -e bolosarTian formebs, andacviSva//iSves zmnaTa wyvilSi -a sufiqsiani formebi -e sufiqsian formebsTiTqmis 10-jer aRematebian. amgvar zmnebTan -e bolosarTis gverdiT -asufiqsi gvxvdeba nebismieri Janris ZeglSi, poetursa da arapoetur teqstSi.paralelizmis faqtebi dasturdeba am periodis rogorc adreuli,ise mogviano xanis ZeglebSi. avtoris enobrivi pozicia unda Seapirobebdesparalelur formaTagan erT-erTis arCevans. Tumca erTsa da imaveTxzulebaSi erTsa da imave zmnasTan dadasturebuli paraleluri formaTwarmoebisSemTxvevebs ukve axali qarTulis faqtebad miviCnevT.140

3.2. prefiqsiani vnebiTis II kavSirebiTisformaTa warmoebis TaviseburebaZvel qarTulSi prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebSi subieqtis mravlobiTobaII kavSirebiTSi sistematurad n formantiT gamoixateboda:da-v-i-mal-n-e-T Se-v-e-bral-n-e-Tda-i-mal-n-e-T Se-e-bral-n-e-Tda-i-mal-n-e-nSe-e-bral-n-e-nrogorc ukve wyvetilis mwkrivze saubrisas aRvniSneT, es en→nformanti warmoSobiT pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiTobis niSania, romeliczmnas moqmedebiTidan konversiis Sedegad gadmohyva:da-m-mal-n-e Sen Cuen _ da-v-i-mal-n-e-T CuenZveli qarTulisaTvis es ganuxreli normaa, romelic prefiqsianvnebiTebs sxva saxis vnebiTebisagan gamoarCevs.gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba, rolmelicZvel saliteraturo enaSi II kavSirebiTs axasiaTebda da romelicen→n formantis gamoyenebas ukavSirdeba:`n infiqsis xmareba mravlobiTSi erT cvlilebas iwvevs, romelicaxasiaTebda Zvel qarTuls da axasiaTebs axal qarTulsac, ramdenadacZveli warmoeba dResac xmarebaSia: rogoric unda iyos mwkrivis niSanimxolobiTSi (a Tu o), sul erTia mravlobiTSi n infiqsis xmarebis SemTxvevaSi,es niSani e-d Seicvleba; magaliTebi:mx. 1.3. gavekra wavekido2.3. gaekra waekido3.3. gaekras waekidosSdr.Sdr.mr. 1.3. gavekrneT, gavekraT wavekidneT, wavekidoT2.3. gaekrneT, gaekraT waekidneT, waekidoT3.3. gaekrnen waekidnenTqmulis Tanaxmad, `veswrebi~ zmna (daveswar, Seveswar) am mwkrivSia-s mogvcems mxolobiTSi: Seveswra (`netai ki im bednier dRes Seveswra~,141

Wav., 368, 30), mravlobiTSi ki es a im SemTxvevaSi darCeba (isic 1-lsa dame-2 pirSi), Tu warmoeba axalia (SeveswraT, SeeswraT), magram Zveliwarmoebis Tanaxmad e-d gadakeTdeba: SeveswrneT, SeeswrneT, Seeswrnen~(SaniZe 1980: 449).Tumca Tanamedrove saliteraturo enaSi ukve myarad moikida fexiaxalma warmoebam. mxolobiTi ricxvis kvalobazea warmoebuli ara mxolodpirveli da meore piris formebi, mxolobiTSi gamovlenili mwkrivisniSani gvxvdeba me-3 subieqtur pirSic. `Tanamedrove saliteraturoqarTulSi kavSirebiTi meoris sakiTxi gadawyvetilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos:davimaloT, daimaloT, daimalon... davewioT, daewioT, daewion _ gabatonebuliformebia (davimalneT, daimalneT, daimalnen... davewivneT, daewivneT,daewivnen _ kavSirebiT meoreSi iSviaTad Tu Segvxvdeba~ (Tanamedrovenormebi 1986: 186).saSuali qarTulis Cven mier Seswavlil teqstebSi ZiriTadad Zvelisaliteraturo norma moqmedebs. aRniSnuli norma gatarebulia yvela ZeglSi,yvela Janrisa da Tematikis TxzulebaSi, rogorc prozaul, ise poeturnawarmoebSi:miT SevewivneT tariels, turfadca unda xseneba (vefx., 5, 3);ugangebod veras mizmen, Se-ca-mebnen xmelTa spani (vefx, 1027, 1);aw SeviyarneT da wina mivegebneT (am., 130, 4);ara, Zmao, odes kacni orni erTgan Seiyarnen, vin Cuenni moyuarenia,me majobineben (am., 460, 11);me SoriT mWuretdiT, mijnurno, romel ar dameaxlneT, Tuara daiwuebiT(vis., 202, 21);Tu Cemodenni Wirni mTasa daemarTnen, wylisa naculad masca sisxligamoecemis (vis., 283, 26);moviWirvoT, aRar viyvneT Wirsa Wirzed dasarTavad (T. I, 31. 51, 4);sawols gars Semoexvivnen, TvalTa ar miscen rulebi (T. II, 66. 528,2);lazaresa daTavestumrneT creml-zRvaTa (bes., 41. 15. 2);Semomayaren miwa, yorebiar damexvivnen yoran-borebi (bes., 53. 46, 6);142

ganiswavleniT, jambazebr wareT,rom ar CascvivdeT, daiwvneT mwareT (daviTiani, 275. 33, 4);maT qnes piroba, vTxooTo RmerTsa,Tu daizardnen, vrToT erTmanerTsa (daviTiani, 190. 72, 2);visca ewvivneT, masca TqvenTvis asre aqmnevinos-meTqi (saba, s.s., 147);i-e mariamobisTvis wmida papas ebZana Cemi wirva moisminono da Cemganeziarneno (saba, mogz., 200);sixaruliTa uoxWnoiTa damTvrali moviwivneT samyofsa mas angelozTasa(saba, swavl., 190, 589);aw ukve hgonebTa, Zmano, mkvdarni ese, romelni qristes mier miicvalnen,arRara aRdgena (saba, swavl., 73, 189);da ukeTu aw Zleulni ukuniqceviT, sadRa miviltvneT sircxvileulni(batoniS., II, 128);magaze meti ubedureba ra iqneba, rom suliT unda warwymdes daxorciT Tavis mSoblis mamuliTgan daikargnen (batoniS., I, 12);erTmaneTs mswraflad miveSvelneT da yovlisfriT, rac ki SeiZlebodes,gavisarjneT (sam. Zegl., II, 434);Tu didebulni gaiyarnen, erTi ukeTesi sofeli sauxucesod aiRonda sxuaÁ Sua gaiyon (sam. Zegl., I, 469);aramed iyvnen Ãelni Tquenni viTarca Ãelni Cemni, raTa ara viZlivneTsruliad (q. cx., I, 173, 15);da modi SevificneT, mivideT da amovswyvitoT yizilbaSni (q. cx., II,406, 21);da amisTÂs glaxakni RamiT folocTa Sina vidodian, raTa SeemTxÂvnenmefesa (q. cx., II, 272, 1);iÃseniT dawunebulni, usajeT samarTali marTali, raiTa marTalTaTana daewesneT (ist. sab., I, 170, 88).saSuali qarTulis enobriv masalaSi moviZieT ramdenime aTeulifaqti imisa, roca Zvel samwerlobo enaSi moqmedi norma darRveulia: subieqtismravlobiTobisas prefiqsian vnebiTTa II kavSirebiTSi zmnaSiaRar aris n formanti, mwkrivis niSnad ki mosalodneli -e bolosarTismagier -a an -o sufiqsi gvxvdeba. amgvari warmoeba axali qarTulisaTvisTu Cveulebrivia, saSuali qarTulisaTvis siaxles warmoadgens.143

axali warmoeba saSuali qarTulis samwerlobo ZeglTa umravlesobaSidadasturda. aseTi forma pirvelad `amirandarejanianSi~ Segvxvda:xvale ciskrisa Jamsa Ãams, rome zedan davesxaTo (am., 152, 6).amave frazaSi igive sityva sxva xelnawerebs sxvadasxvagvaradSemounaxavs. vnaxeT rogorc Zveli forma `davesxneTo~, aseve uCveulo(davesxnaTo) forma, romelic Zveli da axali warmoebis aRreviT undaiyos romelime gadamweris mier xmarebuli.amis Semdeg mxatvrul teqstTagan msgavsi warmoeba XVII saukunispoetis, Teimuraz I-is TxzulebaSi davadastureT. saxeldobr, poemaSi `wamebaqeTevan dedoflisa~ -o sufiqsiani zmna vnaxeT:Tu ar ewamoT, nu waxvalT, aq damemowameniTa (T. I, 132. 52, 3).XVII saukunidan moyolebuli II kavSirebiTis xsenebuli formebi,Tumca iSviaTad, magram ukve TiTqmis yvela ZeglSi Segvxvda.Teimuraz II-sTan aseTi formebi vnaxeT rogorc poetur, ise prozaulteqstSi. `TimsarianSi~ da poemaSi `sarke TqmulTa~ TiTo-TiTo -a bolosarTianizmna aRmoCnda:rom aseTsa SeWirvebasa da SiSsa davexsnaTo (T. II, 167, 17);gars Semoertyan sawolsa, moecvasT misi are-da (T. II, 69. 555, 2).poetur nawarmoebTagan axali qarTulisebri formebi Segvxvda besikis,daviT guramiSvilis da arCilis TxzulebebSi:qmars uTxra: `adre viswrafoT, saxls vepatronoT Cqarao (bes., 61.99, 2);sjobs, rom Cven erTni SeviqnaT, ageb gveRirsos Zilebi (daviTiani,60. 240, 4).arCilis TxzulebebSi axali warmoebis aTamde zmna vnaxeT:sxvas ambavsa CamovexsnaT, gavaTaoT modi jer es (arC., II, 264, 4);an Tu stumari gewviosT, Zalisgan ufro eCvenoT,Tqveni ar gqondes, sxvisi ram inaTxovroT da uCvenoT (arC., I, 44.212, 2-3).am ukanasknelze SeiZleba vifiqroT, poeti axali enisaTvis niSandoblivformas sariTmo erTeulad iyenebs. analogiuri viTarebaa SemdegmagaliTSic:razomnica dReni gvesxnes, sawuTrosa xeli vyaroT,144

moyvrulad da sayvarelad erTmanerTsa SeveyaroT (arC., I, 172. 298, 1-2).Tumca imave zmnis -i prefiqsiani forma arc sariTmo erTeulia daarc saleqso sazomis sxva SemTxvevad ganixileba:dilas SevsxdeT samindorod da mizeziT nadirobis,isre cxenze SeviyaroT, jari Sesxdes erT-pirobis (arC., II, 521, 1).aqvea am zmnis mesame subieqturi piris formebi Zveli warmoebiT:saCoqeT ra Seiyarnen, uwin man waiwioso (arC., I, 8. 44, 3);Semoiyarnen darbazsa, dRe warTon sma da mReriTa (arC., I, 39. 163, 1).prefiqsian vnebiTTa II kavSirebiTSi paraleluri warmoebis faqtebiarCilTan zogjer erTsa da imave TxzulebaSi dasturdeba. poemaSi `gabaasebakacisa da soflisa~ axal, -o sufiqsian formas erTgan Tu momdevnotaepis `davrToT~ zmnis mosazRvre riTmad miviCnevT, sxva magaliTSiaseTi mizezi aRar aris:am erTiT gamoizardnen Raribni, yvelas ayono (arC., I, 41. 184, 3);maS riT davrCeT, isic bZaneT da an riT gamovizardoT?Sen ambob da dagemowmoT, Cvenca sityva sityvas davrToT (arC., I, 47;235, 1-2);Tqvenc damemowmneT yovelni, moggondesT, TiTze ikbinoT (arC., I, 50.257, 4).poemaSi `gabaaseba Teimurazisa da rusTvelisa~ paralelizmis kideverT magaliTs vxvdebiT, roca Zveli da axali warmoebis Tanaarseboba araris ganpirobebuli leqsTwyobis aucileblobiT:Tu vinme dagxvdes, ras hqvian, SeebaT mosvlad Cvenamdin? (arC., II,939, 3);kargi Turme ar gndomia, maS SevebneT erTmanerTsa (arC., II, 479, 2);dilas SevebneT sigriliT, amas sxva rCeva ar unda (arC., II, 628, 4);orjel galaxulT SevebneT, vinca xarT omis mndomia (arC., II, 629, 4).mxatvrul nawarmoebTagan axali warmoeba poeturTan erTad arapoeturteqstSic gvxvdeba. sulxan-saba orbelianis TxzulebaTagan `sibrZnesicruesa~ da `mogzauroba evropaSi~ TiTo-TiTo magaliTs Tu SevxvdiT,`swavlanSi~ TxuTmetamde aseTi zmna moviTvaleT:145

me da Sen RmerTs Sesayrelad vundodiT da aw gulis nebas vewioTmeTqi(saba, s.s., 103);dResa erTsa gaxsna da gasca ganZi uricxvi glaxakTa zeda, raTaevedron RmerTsa Zisa boZebisa misisaTvis (saba, s.s., 7);mis msgavsad, TviT is iyo da aw patronis Cemis Svili wagigvria daviTRa veubnaTo? (saba, s.s., 55);ese ars ziareba, raTa Tana ziar qristesa viqmnaTo (saba, swavl.,281, 138).sainteresoa, rom saSuali qarTulis Cven mier mimoxiluli Zeglebidanyvelaze meti axali forma sulxan-sabas `swavlanSi~ vnaxeT:SvilTa da SvilisSvilTad maTisa TeslisaTvis vamzadebT samarxo-Ta akldamaTa da didebulTa monasterTa, raTa igini daeflan (saba,swavl., 79, 209);arian omTa Sina da kacTagan, arian wyalTa da TovlTa mier damxecTaganac moiklan ucbad (saba, swavl., 323, 226).kidev ufro sainteresoa is, rom amgvar formaTa umravlesoba imepizodebSia, sadac avtori religiur problemebze msjelobs:Cvenca miviswrafoT sulierisa mkurnalisa, raTa aRiÃocnes codvaniCvenni sinanulisa da aRsarebisa mier (saba, swavl., 40, 77);raTa mas Tana daemkvidroT ukunisamde (saba, swavl., 78, 207);locvisa darulebadmde mwuxar da sulTqmiT mkvnesare eCvenoTqristesa, _ rada ar iRwviT? (saba, swavl., 135, 405);aubneben enaTa zakviT, reca eCvenon mowyaled (saba, swavl., 91, 250);arian wyromaTa da omTa Sina mokvden, anu wyalTa, TovlTa Sina moiToSon(saba, swavl., 323, 207).`swavlanSi~ formobrivi paralelizmis SemTxvevebic moviZieT:xolo Tqven miirbineT mRdelmoZRvarTa Tana, raTa ganeSoroT codvasada aRsareba da sinanuli ÃelTa Sina misceT (saba, swavl., 135, 405);ganekrZaleniT, raTa ara SexvideT jojoxeTsa da ara ganeSorneTdidebasa RmrTisasa (saba, swavl., 29, 35);Tana-gvac, raTa ara daviTroT, vinaiTgan esreT ars simTrvale (saba,swavl., 216, 672);146

ganvZReT saWmliTa wmidiTa amiT da daviTvrneT sulieriTa sa-RmrToTaÁTa amis sasmeliTa (saba, swavl., 105, 299);da igini saxmrad iyos Tqvenda da Tqven ara msaxur maTda da miegoTgonebasa (saba, swavl., 194, 601);movegneT TavTa CvenTa da davadgneT nebasa meufisasa (saba, swavl.,190, 587).Cven mier Seswavlili Zeglebidan ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasoba~yvelaze mogviano periodis nawarmoebia. Tumca prefiqsian vnebiTTa Cven-Tvis saintereso formebi aq iseTive iSviaTobaa, rogoric sulxan-sabas`sibrZne sicrueSi~:maSa, berebi xom ara varT, rom mefis sityviT anu sxva Cvenis ufrosissityviT daveWerinoT visme (batoniS., II, 139);Cems mowafeebs am mizeziT gavamxel, rom egebis Tvisi codva moiSalonda Seircxvinon xalxisgan (batoniS., II, 233);gamoarCies, Tu viTar saxiTa Seeban mtersa (batoniS., II, 92);da izraxda, nuTu moiklan eseni xelTagan mterTasa (batoniS., II,120).`kalmasobaSi~ formobriv paralelizmsac vxvdebiT:ginda SeemcnaT ama mumiaTa xasiaTTa da Tqvens leqsikonSi ganmartebaamaTi daweroT (batoniS., II, 243);garna ese SeiZleba, romel iqonioT filosofiurni da maTematikuriwignebi da gulisxmebiT ikiTxoT, maSin iqneba mcired SeemcneT (batoniS.,II, 236).prefiqsiani vnebiTis CvenTvis saintereso formebi istoriulsa dasamarTlebriv ZeglebSic dadasturda. mniSvnelovania, rom aq swored mesamesubieqturi piris formebTan gamovlinda axleburi warmoeba.1722 wlis `RmrTaebis gujarSi~ vkiTxulobT:viTarmed vemsgavsoT maRalsa mas (sam. Zegl., II, 377).XVII saukunis erT-erT saero-sakanonmdeblo ZeglSic aris aseTiforma:da vinca amis mamulSi idges, gamoecalon (sam. Zegl., II, 233).XVIII saukuneSi erekle II-is mier ganwesebul ZeglebSic dadasturdaaxali formebi:147

Tu Tavs dasxma amjobinon, Tavs daesxan (sam. Zegl., II, 426);rogorc daCemebuli aris da ganwesebuli, ise unda Sevidnen da daixiznon(sam. Zegl., II, 512).analogiuri warmoebis formaa XIX saukunis dasawyisis erT-erT saero-sakanonmdebloZeglSic:nebadarTul meqmnas ganvagrZo dasja mebr uwinaresisa, raTa aRvirsxmuliiqmnan borotmoqmedebani (sam. Zegl., II, 562).CvenTvis saintereso zmnebi vnaxeT vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTakrebulSi, romelic XVIII saukunis dasawyisSia Sedgenili:da yovelni Seiqnen mocliT da dagrovden monastersa da saydarsaqristesasa, da evedron ufalsa gulis wmindiTa (sam. Zegl., I, 239);Tu xelmwifes ukan Svilebic mal miicvalon da SviliSvili darCes,mas unda miscen Ãelmwifoba (sam. Zegl., I, 270);Tu waikidnon kacni orni, erTi wveriani da erTi uwveruli (sam.Zegl., I, 290).am ukanasknelSi Zveli warmoebis kvalia SemorCenili, zmnaSi Semonaxulian formanti, magram -e sufiqsis nacvlad ukve -o bolosarTi mierTviszmnur formas. es magaliTi Zvelisa da axlis simbiozis sainteresoSemTxvevaa.vaxtang VI-is krebulSi, siriul-romauli samarTlis qarTuli versiiserT-erT TavSi gverdi-gverd gvxvdeba Zveli da axali formebi, Tumca-o bolosarTian zmnaSi isev SemorCenila n formanti. es SemTxvevacSeiZleba CaiTvalos konkretuli mdivan-mwignobris cdad, Zveli saliteraturonormis kvalis wauSlelad mimarTos axal warmoebas:Tu vinc Zmani gaiyarnen da gaiyon mamuli da saqoneli, da kacTa winagaiyarnon da ara dasweron gasamyrelos wigni marTali, uwignoT gayofarisac da gayra ar aris WeSmariti (sam. Zegl., I, 257).prefiqsian vnebiTTa II kavSirebiTis axali formebi kidev ufro didiiSviaTobaa `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~. axali qarTulisebri warmoeba vnaxeTaxali `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mesame teqstSi:maSin miumcno Sah-Tamaz Samxalsa, romelsa ewoda Cerqez, da sul-Tansa Saqisasa da yarabaRelTa, da garemoTa yovelTa yizilbaSTa, raTaSemwe-eyon dauTxansa (q. cx., II, 513, 30).148

Cven mier Seswavlil ZeglebSi prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi subieqtismravlobiTobisas II kavSirebiTs Zvel qarTulSi moqmedi wesisamebriwarmoeben. magram amave periodisaTvis ukve Zvelis wiaRSi axaliformebic ikideben fexs. axal warmoebas XII saukunidan vxvdebiT `amirandarejanianSi~.Tumca, xsenebuli forma, SesaZloa, aq gviandelic iyos.XVII saukunidan moyolebuli ki TiTqmis yvela ZeglSi gamovlinda aseTiformebi. poetursa da arapoetur nawarmoebebSi, mxatvrul teqstebsa Tuistoriulsa da sakanonmdeblo ZeglebSi Tanabari sixSiriT maTi gamoCenaTiTqos Slis sazRvars samwerlobo enis saSualsa da axal periodebsSoris. poeziis enaSi axali formebis arsebobas verc mxolod leqsis sa-WiroebiT avxsniT, radgan iSviaT SemTxvevaSi aseT formebs Tu leqsTwyobisromelime instrumentad miviCnevT, umeteswilad isini sruliad damoukidebladCndebian. `samarTlis Zeglebsa~ da `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Cvenmier damowmebuli mesame subieqturi piris formebi cxadyofen, rom `gavekraT,gaekraT, gaekran~, `wavekidoT, waekidoT, waekido~ paradigmebs arsebobisufleba aqvs ara mxolod axal saliteraturo enaSi, maTi arsebobafaqtia TviT mogviano periodis saSuali qarTulis donezec.3.3. -en/-nen daboloebisaTvis II kavSirebiTSiZvel qarTulSi moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebs II kavSirebiTSi -nen bolosarTimoudioda. aRniSnul sufiqsSi Semavali n pirdapiri obieqtissimravles gamoxatavda, e mwkrivis mawarmoebeli elementia, xolo bolokidurin mesame subieqtur pirs aRniSnavda mravlobiT ricxvSi. amavemwkrivSi aRniSnuli bolosarTi daerTvoda prefiqsiani vnebiTis formebsmaSin, roca mesame subieqturi piri mr. ricxvSi idga:da-wer-n-e-n man iginida-i-wer-n-e-n- iginixsenebul formaTa gavleniT mogvianebiT -nen sufiqsi gavrceldasxva mwkrivebsa da sxva tipis zmnebSic:`a) sufiqsiansa da uniSno vnebiTis II kavSirebiTSi:rom isini daberdnen, gaTbnen149

) Kyovelgvari vnebiTis wyvetilSi:daitanjnen, daberdnen, gaTbneng) `vida~ zmnis wyvetilsa da II kavSirebiTSi:movidnen, wavidnen da sxv.d) yovelgvari zmnis savrcobian mwkrivebSi:werdnen, itanjebodnen, Tbebodnen da misT.-nen daboloebis agre gavrcelebam moSala gansxvaveba me-3 piris mr.ricxvis formebSi, erTi mxriT, uwyvetelsa da awmyos kavSirebiTs Soris(resp. I xolmeobiTsa da myofadis kavSirebiTs Soris) yovelgvar zmnaSida, meore mxriT, wyvetilsa da II kavSirebiTs Soris vnebiTi gvaris zmnebsada `vida~-Si (aq gansxvaveba darCa moqm.´ gvaris zmnebSi da medioaqtivebSi)~(SaniZe 1980: 452-453).axal saliteraturo qarTulSi -nen sufiqsi II kavSirebiTSi aRniSnavsmesame subieqturi piris mravlobiTobas prefiqsiani (da-i-mal-nen),sufiqsiani (da-ber-d-nen) da uniSno (ga-xm-nen) vnebiTi gvaris zmnebTan, sa-Tanado prefiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris formaTa kvalobaze warmoebul statikurvnebiTebTan (e-kid-nen) da saSual-vnebiTTa nawilTan (i-dg-nen). e. i. IIkavSirebiTis CvenTvis saintereso formaTagan aRniSnuli cvlileba SeexoZiriTadad uniSno da sufiqsiani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebsa da `vida~ zmnas:gaTb-e-n → gaTb-nenrom daberd-e-n → daberd-nenmovid-e-n → movid-nenes gansxvaveba garkveulwilad aisaxa saSual qarTulSic. TavidanveaRvniSnavT, rom saSuali qarTulis Cven mier mimoxilul ZeglebSi -nenbolosarTi arc Tu ise xSirad Cndeba da pozicias isev Zveli warmoebainarCunebs. kvlavac -en sufiqsiani warmoebaa aRniSnul zmnebTan rogorcadreuli periodis, ise mogviano xanis teqstebSi. -en sufiqsia yvelganmxatvrul Tu istoriulsa da samarTlebriv ZeglebSi:ar dagmorCilden, Serisxdi risxviTa kvla da kvlaciTa (vefx., 418, 4);ra Semoviden indoeTs, Sevigna maTi gvaroba (vefx., 534, 2);nuTu kvla mixvden mijnurni erTmanerTisa xlebasa (vefx., 1254, 4);Cemisa tanisagan Seni siyuaruli da Cemi suli sworad gamoviden(vis., 87, 3);150

Tu mijnurobisagan egzomni Wirni momxuden (vis., 180, 20);brZana: `moviden mtarvalni, maTac hyon erTi piria (T. I, 132. 48, 3);Sors myofni amad natroben, mogaxlden-iyvneT enasmiT (T. I, 143. 8, 3);dasxden qalebis pirispir, arvin daiSlis amaso (T. II, 72. 579, 2);rome Cems ukan aseTis zalumis xelmwifis xelSi ar Cacvivden Cemnidazrdilni ymani da Cemgan Senaxulni qveyanani (T. II, 142, 4);Tu ese astyden, ver vgoneb, gardavlon Cimi-didgori (bes., 80);Tu ar aRsrulden, kideva aT-aTi maze sarTio,mieciT Tanasworada, ara iyos ra xlaTio (daviTiani, 107. 576, 3);vame, Tu Sors gzas wavide, sagZlad vera-ra waviRo,win mebaJeni damixvden, rac mTxoon, is ver gaviRo (daviTiani, 123. 6, 2);yoveli kaci xarbia, ukanis aramc gamimterden da mixrikon rame (saba,s.s., 19);raTa etlTa RmrTisaTa aRmÃedrden da Seviden mariam mSobelisa CemisaTana (saba, swavl., 161, 493);ukeTu ara aRviarneT, yovelnive mun wina dagvixvden (saba, swavl.,40, 77);Tu dasxden brZenni, sibrZneTa mneniSesxmad amisda erTad krebulad (arC., I, 239. 71, 3);warviden da inadiron qoCobas da myviralobas (arC., I, 38. 160, 2);maSinc daSorden erTmanerTs, xundic vin Seuyarosa (arC., I, 210. 633, 4);rom ar gaTaTrden, xom cxovndebian (batoniS., I, 12);da pirvelad aiZulebda maT, raTa dauteon qriste da Seudgen maxmedsa(batoniS., II, 137);aman scna suliTa, romel mxedroba mefis Teimurazisa da iraklisaiZleodnen WarelTagan da auwya mefeTa, raTa ara warviden maTzeda(batoniS., II, 209);romelsa ara darCes vaJi, brZanebiTa R~TisaTa qalni dapatronden(sam. Zegl., I, 316);Tu vinme ipyras mamakaci qmris colisa Tana siZvasa, moswyden orniveigi erTad (sam. Zegl., I, 118);odes mefe, aTabagi, qarTlisa erisTavi, spasalari da yovelni eris-Tavni da Kyovelni mRdelT-moZRuarni Semokrben mcxeTas (sam. Zegl., II, 47);151

da viTar ganTendes da locva aRasrulon, warviden yovelni saxidTÂsad da ganisuenon (sam. Zegl., II, 50);amaze didad gafrTxilden, rom am ganwesebis winaaRmdegi ar Seiqnen(sam. Zegl., II, 527);raTa yovelni ZRuniTa Semokrben da didiTa sixaruliTa movidenbrZanebasa mefisasa da qorwilsa sameufosa (q. cx., I, 81, 11);maSin somexTa mogzavnes varaz-baqarissa mociquli da rques, raTaSekrben da moirTon Zali berZenTagan, da ganaxunen karni kavkasianTanida gamoiyvannen ovsni da lekni, da winaaRudgen sparsTa (q. cx., I, 136, 6);ukeTu ganZlierden sparsni Cuen zeda, sayudeli Cueni aqa yofadars (q. cx., I, 178, 2);nu ukue igi Turqni gamoviden devnad, da moswyÂdnes amiT RoniTa (q.cx., I, 349, 19);da man erekle mefeman tfiliss da mcxeTas da ujarmos qadagniganavlinna, raTa yovelni qristeaneni eklesiasa Seviden (q. cx., I, 375, 18);da ezraxa, raTa ganudgen yaens (q. cx., II, 239, 14);da ukeTu igini gaerTden, mravali boroti guewios Cuen maT mier (q.cx., II, 502, 9).-nen bolosarTi II kavSirebiTis xsenebuli formebidan umeteswiladuniSno vnebiTebsa da `vida~ zmnasTan gvxvdeba. Tumca, aqac aseTi warmoebasakmaod iSviTia.XII-XIII saukuneTa Zeglebidan -nen sufiqsiani formebi mxolod `vefxistyaosansa~da `amirandarejanianSi~ Segvxvda. uniSno vnebiTTa II kav-SirebiTis -nen sufiqsiani zmnebi aqa-iq mainc gamoeria, Sesabamisi sufiqsianivnebiTebi ki ver vnaxeT:Sen mogceT cixe-qalaqi, mogyvnen cotani ymania (vefx., 416, 4);magra Seviwio RmerTi da ara SerCnen sisxlni patronisa Cemisani(am., 175, 9).XVII-XVIII saukuneebis mxatvrul nawarmoebTagan ramdenime aseTiforma moviZieT Teimuraz II-sTan, sulxan-saba orbelianis `swavlansa~ daarCilis poemaSi `gabaaseba kacisa da soflisa~. daviT guramiSvilTanmxolod `vida~ zmnis II kavSirebiTi vnaxeT -nen bolosarTiT:ra mividnen, alayafis kars dauWers yafiCebi (T. II, 60. 480, 1);152

qalni Sehyvnen TamaSisTvis, erTmanerTzed Senajari (T. II, 65. 523, 3);ra qalni adgnen, sawoliT gamovlen, iqnas jrani-da (T. II, 66. 527, 1).SevniSnavT, rom `swavlanSi~ CvenTvis saintereso formebidanumetesoba uniSno vnebiTia da yvela maTgani A variantSia:romelTa ese Tavs idvan SekrZalvad, igini ganZRnen RmrTisa mier(saba, swavl., 314, 186);raTa yovelni mkvdarni aRdgnen da Ãorcni Seimosnen da yovelnimis winaSe gaisajnen (saba, swavl., 331, 222).es ukanaskneli zmna am teqstSi sxvagan ramdenjerme Segvxvda -en sufiqsiT:raTa ganiRviZon Zilisagan da aRdgen locvad da vedrebad uflisa(saba, swavl., 212, 658).xsenebuli Txzulebis A variantSi gverdi-gverd vnaxeT -en da -nenbolosarTiani formebi:da odes miiwevian aRsasrulni, maSinRa mokvdnen da ver ganernen (saba,swavl., 322, 205);arian wyromaTa da omTa Sina mokvden, anu wyalTa, TovlTa Sina moiToSon(saba, swavl., 323, 207).arCilTanac uniSno vnebiTebi gamovlinda axali mawarmoebliT:mekobres ra kars miadgnen mZebnelni Sesacnevelad,Tuca dainans, sad wava, me vhyevar misasevelad (arC., I, 42. 186, 3);pirs warmogidgnen Tamamad mocile da modavebi (arC., I, 44. 204, 2).arCilisave poemaSi `saqarTvelos zneobani~ igive zmna -en bolosar-TiTaa:Tu vinme cxeniT an qveiT TavisTvin laparakobden,gnaxon da Senken warmodgen, Senc midi Tu kamaTobden (arC., I, 9. 55, 2).Zneli mosaZebnia aseTi formebi ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasobaSi~.aqac mxolod uniSno vnebiTis damowmeba SevZeliT:raTa ara SescTnen sxvaTagan kiTxulTa zeda (batoniS., II, 234).rac Seexeba istoriul TxzulebaTa krebuls, `qarTlis cxovrebas~da samarTlis Zeglebs, saZiebeli formebi SedarebiT ufro xSirad amukanasknelSi gamovlinda. saerTod, logikuria II kavSirebiTis formaTasimravle iuridiuli xasiaTis teqstebSi. aRniSnul Zeglebs, rogorc153

cnobilia, sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva enobrivi poziciis mdivan-mwignobarniqmnidnen. calkeul sigel-gujrebSi da ganwesebebSi, bunebrivia, TuerTi da imave tipis zmnasTan Zveli warmoebis uamrav formas Soriszogjer axali warmoebis kvalic gaCndeba. aRvniSnavT imasac, rom iuridiulZeglTa ena yvelaze axlos dgas maTi avtor-SemoqmedTa Tanamedrovesazogadoebis cocxal sasaubro enasTan, romelTanac saliteraturo enamet-naklebad yovelTvis daSorebulia. im droisaTvis cocxal metyvelebaSiukve kargad damkvidrebulma gramatikulma formebma swored amZeglTa enaSi iCina Tavi.samarTlis ZeglebSi uniSno vnebiTis -nen bolosarTiani zmnebiTiTze CamosaTvlelia. adreuli periodis ZeglTagan -nen vnaxeT XIII saukunisZeglSi `kurTxeva mironisa~:modgnen yovelTa monasterTa moZRuarni da winamZRuarni da maTiTawesiTa winamoÁsxden efiskoposTa (sam. Zegl., II, 49).uniSno vnebiTis axali formebi gviandeli xanis Zeglebidan erekleII-is periodis sigel-gujrebSi da ganwesebebSi gvxvdeba. erekle II-is 1749wlis gujarSi pativisa da adgilis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT:raJams ikurTxos mefe da dajdes taxtsa zeda, episkopozni ama wesi-Ta dahsxdnen (sam. Zegl., II, 399).analogiuri formaa 1722 wlis ZeglSi `mdevrobis ganweseba erekleII-isa~:Tu win daxvedra amjobinon, win dauxvdnen (sam. Zegl., II, 426).vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulSi -nen sufiqsi SegvxvdauniSno vnebiTebTan, sufiqsian vnebiTebTan da `vida~ zmnasTan:ukeTu modavesTan saCivarSi dadgnen da pasuxi miscen, kargia, Tuarada wavidnen da mividnen sasamarTloSia (sam. Zegl., I, 176-177);romelmanca kacma kacsa aginos, da Cumad qrTami gaiRos, da Serigdnenda mosamarTlesTan aRar iCivlon, ...amisaTvis ganipatiJos (sam. Zegl.,I, 156);ra rom dapirdapirdnen, gauSvan da Seution (sam. Zegl., I, 482).`qarTlis cxovrebas~ rac Seexeba, II kavSirebiTis CvenTvis sainteresoformebi aqa-iq mxolod calkeul nusxaSi aRmovaCineT. uniSno vnebiTisada `vida~ zmnis -nen bolosarTiani formebi XVIII-XIX saukuneTa xelna-154

werebSi gamovlinda. aRniSnul zmnaTa paraleluri warmoebis ramdenimeSemTxveva leonti mrovelis, juanSeris, sumbat daviTis-Zis TxzulebebSidavZebneT.magaliTad, leonti mrovelis Txzulebis mariamiseul nusxaSi Tu`dadgen~ zmna gvxvdeba, 1748 wlis saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerSi mas -nenbolosarTiani forma enacvleba:da odes gamobrwyinden mTiebni igi, naxon Tu sada dadgen, da muncaaRemarTnen juarni ese qristesni (q. cx., I, 121, 2).juanSeris istoriaSic aseve `dadgnen~ zmnaa mariamiseul nusxaSi,xolo 1839 wlis broseseul da XVIII saukunis Sua wlebis dadianiseulxelnawerebSi `dadgnen~ zmna ikiTxeba:da ubrZana, raTa mieaxlnen vaxtangs da dadgen TÂnier brZolisa (q.cx., I, 171, 3).juanSerisave istoriis WalaSviliseul xelnawerSi `vida~ zmnis IIkavSirebiTi Zveli formiT gvxvdeba. aqve amave zmnas sxva xelnaweri -nenbolosarTiT aCens:nu ukue Seviden saberZneTad sparsni da moaoÃron igi (q. cx., I, 182, 8).sumbat daviTis-Zis Txzulebis mariamiseuli xelnaweris `vida~zmnis -en sufiqsian formas 1736 wlis maCabliseul xelnawerSi axali `Sevidnen~zmna cvlis:da man erekle mefeman tfiliss da mcxeTas da ujarmos qadagniganavlinna, raTa yovelni qristianeni eklesiasa Seviden, da yovelni mogunida cecxlismsaxurni, romelnicaRa ara moinaTlnen, moisrnen (q. cx.,I, 375, 18).amgvarad, saSuali qarTulis ZeglTa enobrivi masalis mimoxilvamgviCvena, rom aRniSnuli kategoriis zmnaTa II kavSirebiTSi kvlavac Zveli(-en daboloebiani) warmoeba rCeba, axali warmoeba iSviaTia. -nen bolosarTiumeteswilad uniSno vnebiTebTan da `vida~ zmnasTan Cndeba. es ukanasknelikidev ufro iSviaTia sufiqsian vnebiTebTan.155

3.4. -o sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTi, paralelizmebi-o sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTi -e sufiqsian wyvetils Seesabameba. -esufiqsi ki wyvetilSi III da IV yalibis zmnebs moudis. rogorc samecnieroliteraturaSic aRniSnaven, es Sesabamisoba (-e sufiqsiani wyvetili _-o sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTi) myaria (gogolaSvili 1984: 81). xsnebuli mimarTebaugamonaklisoa saSuali qarTulis Cven mier ganxilul Zegleb-Sic. ganurCevlad Janrisa da Tematikisa. -o bolosarTs dairTaven II kav-SirebiTSi wyvetilis rogorc III, ise IV yalibis zmnebi. esenia gardamavalizmnebi, saSual-moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebi, prefiqsiani da statikurivnebiTebi:ar davTmoT, ra vqmnaT, sevdasa, miTxar, ra movugvaroTa (vefx., 717, 3);Tu mibrZanoT, mogaÃsenoT, raca vicodeo (am., 14, 3);Semomfice awve, romel visis siyuaruli aRar gqondes da arcaRaodes daekaro (vis., 174, 7);Sen ara ganiZarco codva da ego ukurneblad, arcaRa gvelad sagonebeliyo (saba, swavl., 159, 487);vazis mrgvelTan is ar vaqo, vinc mis nacvlad ZeZvi dargo,masze suli ar warvswymindo, ra gind ÃorciT davikargo (daviTiani,50. 169, 4);ra SeimatoT, ra irgoT, sul xmiT yviriliT iqmodiT?Tvara yovelman sicruve izRvioT, mwaris iq modiT (arC., I, 14. 98, 4);aw ganvisvenoT da xvale vityodeT sxvaTaTvis hswavlaTa (batoniS.,II, 146);nu ugulebels hyof Ãarsa anu karaulsa Zmisa Senisasa, romeli dacemuliyos gzasa zeda, aramed Seewio mas da aRadgino (sam. Zegl., I, 116);ar xar Sen kadnier brZolad mefisa, aramed me gebrZolo mona monasa(q. cx., I, 189, 11);moiyide sxuaÁ umZimesi Zeli da aRitÂrTe zurgiTa SeniTa, moawiowinaSe taZrisa Cemisa. da amisi ra myofeli mogwyÂdo ueWuelad yovliTurT,raÁca ars Seni (abus. tb., 61, 93).roca -o sufiqsian II kavSirebiTze vsaubrobT, sxva problemaTagverdiT Cveni yuradRebis areSi formobrivi paralelizmebic eqceva. II156

kavSirebiTis gamoxatvaSi momxdari zogi cvlilebis qronologiuri sazRvrebisdadgenisas z. sarjvelaZe ambobs: `Zveli qarTuli enis boloperiodSi SeiniSneba cvlilebebi II kavSirebiTis alomorfTa ganawileba-Si... xdeba agreTve -o alomorfis gavrceleba Tavdapirveli a-sa da e-s nacvlad~(sarjvelaZe 1984: 451-452). saSuali qarTulis Cven mier mokvleulmasalaSi amgvari faqtebis aRnusxva ar gagvWirvebia. SevecadeT, mogveniSnakonkretuli magaliTebi, romelTa arseboba realuria ara mxolodsxvadasxva ZeglSi da sxvadasxva avtorTan, isini zogjer erT mweralTanacgvxvdeba. paraleluri formaTwarmoebis SemTxvevebi sul ramdenimezmnasTan davadastureT:viubno // viubna-o bolosarTi am zmnis II kavSirebiTTan vnaxeT `amirandarejanian-Si~:aw waviyuanoT Sina da mun viubnoT, nuTu ara gaguces gza (am., 206, 6).sxva xelnawerSi igive zmna imave SesityvebaSi -a daboloebiTgvxvdeba (viubnoT).-a bolosarTian zmnebs SevxvdiT `vefxistyaosanSi~, arCilis, ioanebatoniSvilis, sulxan-sabas TxzulebebSi:kvlaca miTxra: `ra geubna mtyuansa da Sen muxTalsa (vefx., 517, 3);maT ro iubnan, Cven ra gvrjis, vinca daaTros arayma? (arC., II, 67, 4);kargi, mere viubnaT amgvarebisTvis (batoniS., I , 69).uswro // SeveswraaRniSnuli zmnis II kavSirebiTSi -o bolosarTia gamoyenebuli sulxan-sabas,arCilis TxzulebebSi, `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~:da Tqven uswroT saÃmrad Tqvenda yofad (saba, swavl., 195, 602);aw Cuenca uswroT da gardavstacoT qeba maqebelTa da SemsxmelTa(q. cx., II, 69, 17);TxuTmetis dRisa mTvaresa SeWurva vin sul daaswros (arC., I, 6. 30,1).-a sufiqsi ki bevr ZeglSi Segvxvda:kacman ver aswras Tvalisa daxafva, dawamwameba (vefx., 292, 1);157

morielis nakbenarsa, sjobs, momaswra fazar-xufo (daviTiani, 65.272, 2);vame Tu, sulo, giswras Ramemada SegaSinos gzazed ramema! (daviTiani, 222, 289, 1);rom Tu sikvdilman miswras, an sxvis mizeziT imisa dadgma ver SeviZlo,is oci Tumani isev ukanve mierTvas (daviTiani, 286);masve Ramesa waviden, xval Cvenman Zmam ar dagvaswraso (saba, s.s.,127);imereTs ar gardagaswras, dacev tye an ugzebia (arC., II, 545, 2);da Tu mzem uswras da gaTendes, dRisiT mzisiT Tu uÃelmwifod moklas,mis magivrad is unda mokudes (sam. Zegl., I, 303);Tu purobas Rame Semoeswras (sam. Zegl., II, 85, 31);sadedoflos Tavadsa an aznauriSvilis gayraSi dedoflis saxlTxucesimdivanbegTan unda daeswras (sam. Zegl., I, 268);meliqi, mamasaxlisi, nacvali da qeTxudebi unda daiswras da iseunda misces nixri (sam. Zegl., I, 499).Sevipyro // Sevipyra-o bolosarTiani formebi:ara gulisxmahyof sikvdilsa qristessa SenTvis, raTa gancvifrebamanSegipyros (saba, swavl., 30, 38);visac Svilman Seaginos da avad miepyros mamasa missa (sam. Zegl.,206).aqac -a sufiqsiani formebi Warboben aSkarad:qali Sevipyra, mis ymisa ambavi vaambobino (vefx., 226, 2);mnebavs, raTa mrTeli SevipyraTo (am., 5, 7);RmerTman nu romeli mijnuri daapyras eseTisa uneblisa yofasaguldamwuari da dauTmobeli (vis., 279, 24);vinc upatiod miepyras, colic misi hgavs baRasa (T. I, 142. 4, 4);nu Svilo, adamis tomi xrikiania, ar Segipyraso (saba, s.s., 131);kaci Tu eSxman Seipyras, mimowmeT aris wameba (arC., I, 129. 24, 1);Seipyras sxuaman kacman qalaqsa Sina da Seaginos igi (sam. Zegl., I,118);Se-Tu vinme ipyras qali qalwuli... (sam. Zegl., I, 119);158

da Tayuani-sces mefeman mdablad kaTalikozsa, daupyras Ãeli marjuenekaTalikozman (sam. Zegl., II, 51);vin upatiosnes ars Cemsa, romelman daipyras upatiosnesi sajdomi?(q. cx., II, 80, 9);ara jer ars, raTamca naSobman dedakacisaman daipyras mefoba daara Zeman TÂTmpyrobelisa mefisa mamakacisaman (q. cx., II, 224, 19);raTa Sekrben erTad da Seipyran alaTemur da mihgvaron ulo yaens(q. cx., II, 252, 12);da miumcno manca egreT, raTa paemansa Sekrben erTad, da daamÃuanabaRa yaeni da daipyran Ãelmwifoba (q. cx., II, 258, 14);raTa me viyo ganmgebel cxovrebisa maTisa, xeli aRupyra da SevewiomaT da aravin mterTagani mZle eqmnas maT (q. cx., I, 38, 13);aramed Sevipyra yuavi isi, mzrdeli Cemi, SevWamo da ganvisueno ordRe (q. cx., I, 190, 16);aw warmoemarTe mandiT Sen da aqaT me da orTave SevmusroT abaRa,da Cuen davipyraT queyana misi (q. cx., II, 258, 9).vscno // vscna-o bolosarTiani II kavSirebiTis sul ramdenime forma Segvxvda.isini ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasobasa~ da sulxan-sabas `swavlanSi~:da viTar giswavies, minda gamovscno (batoniS., II, 21);raTamca scno Sen wesi da ganzraxvaÁ damTxveulisa mis avqsonisa(batoniS., II, 236);qveynierni mefeni ukeTu msaxurTa TvisTa viTar warmavalsa keTilsauyofen da igi ara ganekrZaleba, viTari patiJi miiRos mas zeda, viTariboroti Seacnos? (saba, swavl., 172, 530).-a sufiqsiani formebi ki TiTqmis yvela ZeglSi vnaxeT:misi vera vcna WoradRa, var visTa gzaTa mkvlevelad (vefx., 184, 4);Seni veravin vera cnas, Seni simuxTle sad are (vefx., 1201, 2);aw Tu sjobs, ese ambavi cnan, raca garemonia (vefx., 141, 4);nuTu vinme yma darComiliyos misi da misiT vcnaTo (am., 19, 3);rome ara micnano (am., 610, 5);rome misi gulis-nadebi verca misman perangman scnas da verca misisaTavisa Tmaman (vis., 265, 9);159

Tu Cemi xuaSiadi kacTa cnan, yovelsa win kacsa gavbediTde (vis., 84,24);bolod scnaT yovlTa _ ara var moSaireTa Zmobili (T. I, 60. 3, 4);raTa scnas xelmwifeman, Tu ra gvarad gawvrTnili myolebia (T. II,149, 28);damkariT pirsa da tkaci miqmeniT, Tu scnaT vinc ari! (bes., 88);marTali vscnaT, rac gvijobdes, gulis zRapriT RmerTs ar vscodoT(daviTiani, 61. 249, 2);Sen Tvalebi RmerTman misTvis mogca, _ xedo saxedari,sul gamoscna avi-kargi, rac nasaxi saxed ari (daviTiani, 171. 11, 2);Tu rom merve ricxvis SeZlebuloba vera scnan, saidumlod mkiTxonda movaxseneb (daviTiani, 286);maTi samsaxuri viTa scnas, ras miiWirveben misTvis (saba, s.s., 30);maSin scnaT, odes SexvideT, ra Zalni aqvan am orTa sityvaTa (saba,swavl., 61, 49);raTa codva misi vera scnas moZRvarman (saba, swavl., 297, 144);pirvel RmerTi sxva ar icna, imas pativ-ec mxoloda (arC., II, 181, 1);Tu davirqva anCxaberi, veRar micnan, vinc win midga (arC., II, 650, 3);da ukeTu viTarime sawyeni sargeblisa da didebisa misisa didebulebisada misisa imperiisa vhscna saqmeÁ anu hazri, myis ganvacxado igi(sam. Zegl., II, 475);ukeTu vinme saqoneli moiparos anu Zalad waarTvas visme da gayidos,is saqoneli patronma icnas, ufasod gamoarTvas Tavisi saqoneli(sam. Zegl., I, 202);aw ukve mswrafl movediT, raTa umjobesi wesi da sjuli gamovarCioTda vscnaT, Tu raÁ jer ars (q. cx., I, 40, 38).Seimecnos // Seimecnasparalelizmi am zmnasTanac dadasturda. arCili -o bolosarTianformas mimarTavs, Tumca SeiZleba vifiqroT, poeti aseT formas riTmissaWiroebiTac iyenebdes:ese masa hgavs, vin moyvasad aravin ar Seimecnos,ra Tu mze surviliT visme aqadgan iq aikocnos (arC., I, 83. 2, 3).ioane batoniSvili -a sufiqsian warmoebas arCevs:160

ginda SeemecnaT ama mumiaTa xasiaTTa da Tqvens leqsikonSi ganmartebaamaTi daweroT (batoniS., II, 243).sainteresoa, rom II kavSirebiTis paraleluri -a da -o bolosarTianiformebi erTdroulad erTsa da imave avtorTan SevniSneT. am mxrivsulxan-saba orbeliani da arCili gamoirCevian. ufro metic, formobriviparalelizmis faqti sulxan-sabas erT konkretul TxzulebaSic dadasturda.paraleluri formebi arCilis sxvadasxva TxzulebaSi vnaxeT. poema-Si `saqarTvelos zneobani~ da iambiko leqsebSi -o bolosarTia:TxuTmetis dRisa mTvaresa SeWurva vin sul daaswros (arC., I, 6. 30, 1);vire srul amovidodes, cxenzed Sejdes, miaswros (arC., I, 6. 30, 2);ferxiT msubuqman fexmZimes dgenazed adgil waaswros (arC., I, 6. 30, 4);eridebodes, codvaSi sikvdilsa ar Seeswrosa (arC. I, 120. 14, 2).-a bolosarTi poemebSi da sxva lirikul leqsebSi aRmoCnda:raRas Seveswra, an Tu daveswrasiWabukisa qve damdebare? (arC., 68, 7);vin madls elodes, masmia, Seeswras didsa codvasa (arC., I, 87. 38, 1).amave zmnasTan SevxvdiT paraleluri (-o//-a) formaTwarmoebis magaliTssulxan-sabas `swavlanSi~:ukeTu naTel iRos kacman da miron ara daeswras, rame yos? (saba,swavl., 280, 135).`swavlanSi~ paraleluri formaTwarmoebis SemTxveva sxva zmnasTanacdadasturda:ara gulisxmahyof sikvdilsa qristessa SenTvis, raTa gancvifrebamanSegipyros (saba, swavl., 30, 38);xolo iuda iWirvis da qsovs badesa veragobisasa, raTa zakviT Seipyrasufali (saba, swavl., 146, 445);winamaval eqmneboda iuda erTa usjuloTaTa, raTa Seipyras ZeRmrTisa (saba, swavl., 148, 451);ukeTu kacsa codva ara enebos da iZulebiT sxvaman Seipyras da codos?(saba, swavl., 292, 161);161

ambors-uyofda iuda pirsa moZRvarisasa sicruiT, raTa SeipyranerTa maT, xolo Tqven ambors-uyaviT ferÃTa winamZRvarTa TqvenTaTa siyuaruliT,raTa erTa Seiyvaron (saba, swavl., 148, 451);ra-me miupyraT, Zmano amisTvis ganemzadeniT: rame uTxraT? ra-me miugoT?(saba, swavl., 70, 179);viTarca abedi miupyra simrvlesa nakvercxalTasa da moedvas cecxli,egreTve uTminoeba ra ixilon codvaTa simravleman, zeda Seewebnen(saba, swavl., 111, 321).`sibrZne sicruisaSi~ am zmnis mxolod -a sufiqsiani formebia:sadac xeli jdes melniani karTa, igi iqmneba da SevipyraT, da racgenebos, hqmeno (saba, s.s., 108);nu Svilo, adamis tomi xrikiania, ar Segipyraso (saba, s.s., 130);Sens droSi col-qmarni erTmanerTis yofisaTvis gaiyvanon da Seipyranda daatyvevon vis Jamad qmnilao? (saba, s.s., 150).sulxan-saba orbelianis TxzulebebSi viubno//viubna paraleluriwarmoebis zmnebic gvxvdeba. `swavlanSi~ -o bolosarTiani zmnaa, `sibrZnesicruisaSi~ ki -a sufiqsiani formebia:xolo gareSe da msoflio sityva da zraxva ara viubnoT (saba,swavl., 21);me da Cemi monagebi da es sofeli amaze davuteve, rom dadumebiT viyoda ara viubna (saba, s.s., 81);ra gind bevri iubna, RmerTs Tavi Seni CemTvis moucia (saba, s.s., 22);mis msgavsad, TviT is iyo da aw patronis Cemis Svili wagigvria daviTRa veubnaTo? (saba, s.s., 55).sulxan-sabas gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs am epoqis avtor-SemoqmedTaSoris. misi Txzulebebi gvaZlevs saSualebas, gverdi-gverd vixiloTZveli da axali gramatikuli formebi. maTTvis damaxasiaTebeliagramatikul movlenaTa paralelizmi, anu Zveli, axali da sasaubro qar-Tulis elementebis erTdroulad xmareba, Tumca aris Zveli qarTulismTeli rigi gramatikuli Taviseburebebisa, romlebic mxolod `swavlanisaTvis~aris damaxasiaTebeli. `swavlanSi~ gamovlinda -o sufiqsian formaTadidi nawili. gasagebia, ratomac iCens Tavs SerCeuli Janris speci-162

fikidan gamomdinare aucileblobis miRma avtoris Tanamedrove metyvelebisaTvisniSandoblivi axali formebi.Cven mier Seswavlil ZeglebSi davadastureT ramdenime zmna, romel-Tac II kavSirebiTis savaraudo paralelur (-a//-o) formaTagan mxolod -abolosarTi aqvT:Sevigna (//Sevigno)ra Semoviden indoeTs, Sevigna maTi gvaroba (vefx., 534, 2);mefe brZanebs: `ra SevignaT, guli Cveni raT ixsnebis? (vefx., 1171, 1);anu movkvde anu Sevigna mizezi mwuxarebisa misisa (T. II, 140, 8);me ugunuri nu ggonivarT, vera Sevigna ra (saba, s.s., 130).mogiTxra (//mogiTxro)aTisav TviTo mogiTxra, romeli risac qmnelia (daviTiani, 32. 39, 3);viTarca dasneuldes kaci sxeuliTa da miuTxras Ãelovansa mkunalsa,misis wamlisa mier ganikurnos sxeuli (saba, swavl., 289, 134);mamao, ioane, didad msurs, rom SemoklebiT momiTxra cxovrebaÁ dawamebaÁ ama mowameTaÁ (batoniS., II, 75);xolo aw viwyo da mogiTxra yovelive (q. cx., I, 77, 14);xolo aw mogiTxra silaRe maTi Cuen zeda, da merme vyo neba Seni(q. cx., I, 182, 16);mogiTxra Tquen sakÂrveli ese da esreTve SeuZlebeli martoisa mier(abus. tb., 61, 96).daxSas (//daxSos)aTas wel versiT SeuvalT, Tu zed dagvixSan karia (vefx., 1379, 4);Tumc bage daxSas, Tvalebi cimcimebs, wams ar ifaravs (arC., I, 138. 33, 2).daflas (//daflos)ukeTu upovar glaxaki mokvdes, sxvaman uyidos monagebisagan Tvisisada miTive Semosos da daflas (saba, swavl., 109, 314).gigrZnas (//gigrZnos)aw amxanagTa ar gigrZnan, wadi, maTTanan midia (vefx., 429, 3);suliTa zeda aqa moitane, romel veravin gigrZnaso (vis., 122, 13);virem ar ukuviyrebi, ver igrZnan, smiden retado (T. I, 117. 3, 4);163

mterTa ar gigrZnan sawadi aSkarad anu azriTa (daviTiani, 56. 208, 4);da uwyo Txra queSe zRudesa, da eneba, raTa egreT Seviden, r~ veragrZnan, Tu brZavso (q. cx., I, 213, 11);maSin warmovida sixaruliTa savse, da warvida mas Jamsa afxazeTadve,raTa ver ugZnas rati da ugrZneulad mivides odes ara gonebdes (q.cx., I, 277, 18);qarTvelni ara waritannes, raTa ara agrZnan ardavels myofTa (q.cx., II, 102, 4).meore mxriv, gamovlinda zmnebi, romelTac II kavSirebiTi SesaZloparaleluri formebidan mxolod -o bolosarTiT ewarmoeba : movrwyo(//movrwya), davrgo (//davrga), movimko (//movimka):movrwyoT kaloni igi, sada ganibilwebian gvamni Cvenni cremliTa(saba, swavl., 187, 587);kacman vinme ganuRos runi da morwyos zedasa-zeda xe igi da axarosda gamoiRos nayofi (saba, swavl., 114, 333);Tu kacman ujerod da urigod WarbobiT morwyos bostani (batoniS.,I, 36);anu baRs alva sarosa axlos rgos, morwyos, axios (vefx., 702, 2);xe ra marTlid ar dargo, simrude munve etyobis (arC., I, 156. 161, 1);romelman miwaSi dargos venaxi anu xilnari da misma damnergvelmada misi gasyidva moindomos (sam. Zegl., I, 137);egnatim Tu ar miSvelos, me movimko, raca vTese (T. I, 145: e-4).saSuali qarTulis enobriv masalaSi konkretuli zmnis SemTxvevaSidasturdeba faqtebi, roca -o sufiqsi II kavSirebiTis -e bolosarTianformebs enacvleba.`qarTlis cxovrebaSi~, kerZod, leonti mrovelis Txzulebis XVIIsaukunis nusxaSi `ganveri~ zmnis II kaSirebiTis Zveli forma gvxvdeba:da aw moved Cuenda, miiRe nawili Seni, Tu-ara movideT Senda, sadaciyo da ver ganere ÃelTagan CuenTa cocxali (q. cx., I, 46, 8).igive -e bolosarTiani formaa juanSeris istoriis WalaSviliseulixelnaweris axal nawilSi, romelic 1731 wliTaa daTariRebuli:aw ukeTu Senve gamoxvide brZolad Cemda, mogxuden Cemgan brZolanificxelni, romelTagan verRara ganere (q. cx., I, 154, 12).164

Tumca XV saukunis anaseuli da XVI saukunis meore naxevris nusxebSiimave monakveTSi igive zmna ukve -o bolosarTiTaa warmodgenili(ganvero).-o sufiqsiTve gvxvdeba xsenebuli zmna besikisa da arCilis TxzulebebSi:raTa da Senc ganero safqveliT natexisa mtyorcsa mraval Tve-welmdRevneli(bes., 85, 23);ganvero crusa enasa, xeli vyo saamebelTa (arC., I, 93. 97, 1).III. II xolmeobiTi da Sereuli kavSirebiTiII xolmeobiTi da Sereuli kavSirebiTi is mwkrivebia, romlebic ZveliqarTulidan axal saliteraturo enas aRar SemorCa. II seriis es oriuZvelesi sauRlebeli erTeuli Tanamedrove qarTulSi mxolod zogierTdialeqtSi TuRa dasturdeba.samecniero literaturaSi `xolmeobiTis~ gverdiT sxva terminebicgvxvdeba. esenia: `habitualisi~, `permansivi~ da `namyo mravalgziTi~.uRlebis sistemaSi II xolmeobiTis Setana da mravalgzisobis gaxazvap. kvicariZis gramatikidan momdinareobs. p. kvicariZem yuradReba miaqciaam formas da mis sawarmoebel niSnad (mravalgzisobis maCveneblad)-i miiCnia (abesaZe 1960: 80-81). p. kvicariZes mravalgzisoba zmnis erT-erT`saxed~, aspeqtis erT-erT saxeobad miaCnia da mas `mraval-gzobiTis~ saxeliTaRniSnavs. saxelmZRvaneloSi `qarTuli swormetyveleba~ avtori`mravalgzobiTi saxis~ ganmartebis Semdeg, -i niSnis garda, piris niSnebzecsaubrobs da sailustraciod `vefxistyaosnidan~ moixmobs magali-Tebs (kvicariZe 1888: 124).zogadad `xolmeobiTi im droindeli warmonaqmnia, rodesac zmnisuRleba droTa mixedviT cvlas ar gulisxmobda, uRvlileba aspeqtebisanu procesis saxeobaTa aRniSvnaSi mdgomareobda~ (Ciqobava 1948: 77).`zmnis uRvlilebis dasawyis etapebze gardamavali zmnis ori aspeqti gairCeoda(gangrZobiTi da erTbaSi) da ori nakvTi gvqonda: xolmeobiTi da165

namyo ZiriTadi. xolmeobiTi asrulebda im rols, rac SemdegSi awmyosdaekisra~ (Ciqobava 1948: 80). kerZod, `xolmeobiTis daniSnuleba iyo,gadmoeca ara is, Tu rodis xdeba moqmedeba, aramed eCvenebina, rogor mimdinareobsprocesi; xolmeobiTi miuTiTebda moqmedebis procesis gangrZobiTs(diuratiul) xasiaTze. am mxriv igi upirispirdeboda namyo ZiriTads,rogorc wertilebrivi (momentobrivi) aspeqtis gamomxatvels~ (Ciqobava1948: 126). `namyo mravalgziTi, kacma rom Tqvas, gansazRvruli droar aris: igi gamohxatavs xolme moqmedebas ara romelsame droSi gansazRvruls(namyosa, awmyosa Tu myobadSi), aramed iseTs, romelic yovel-Tvis Cveulebrivia da marad damaxasiaTebelia moqmedi pirisaTvis. amitomunda vifiqroT, rom mravalgziTi namyos formebi qarTuli zmnis uZvelesiformaciis drosa unda iyos~ (SaniZe 1920: 6).II xolmeobiTsa da wyvetils saziaro martivi fuZe aqvT. aRniSnulimwkrivis -i niSani morfologiuri elementia. amitomac mas Seswevs Zala,SekumSos fuZe. `fuZe, romelic saerTod ikumSeba, ar SeiZleba II xolmeobiTSiukumSveli darCes~ (imnaiSvili... 1996: 183).mesame subieqturi piris niSanTagan II xolmeobiTi iyenebs mxolobiTSi-s da mravlobiTSi -an bolosarTebs:mov-kl-i mov-kl-i-T aRva-Sen-i aRva-Sen-i-Tmoh-kl-i moh-kl-i-T aRa-Sen-i aRa-Sen-i-Tmo-kl-i-s mo-kl-i-an aRa-Sen-i-s aRa-Sen-i-andava-b-i dava-b-i-T Seva-mk-i Seva-mk-i-Tdaa-b-i daa-b-i-T Sea-mk-i Sea-mk-i-Tdaa-b-i-s daab-i-an Sea-mk-i-s Sea-mk-i-anrogorc saenaTmecniero literaturaSi miuTiTeben, II xolmeobiTSisubieqturi piris niSnad mr. ricxvSi -ed sufiqsic gvxvdeba (abulaZe 1954:133-139; kiknaZe 1961: 252; sarjvelaZe 1973: 144-145).arn. Ciqobavas azriT, drois kategoriis Camoyalibeba da xolmeobi-Tis poziciebis dasusteba Tanadrouli procesebi unda yofiliyo (Ciqobava1948: 126). Tumca poziciebis dasusteba II xolmeobiTis moSlas ar gulisxmobs.es xangrZlivi procesi iyo. z. sarjvelaZem Zveli qarTulissamwerlobo ZeglTa enaSi moiZia magaliTebi, roca wyvetilisa da II xolmeobiTisformebia urTierTSenacvlebuli. pirvelad aseTi SemTxveva `si-166

nur mravalTavSi~ SeiniSna. amgvari faqtebis arseboba mkvlevars avaraudebinebs,rom `enaSi II xolmeobiTis moSla daiwyo. safiqrebelia, esmwkrivi zog dialeqtSi am droisaTvis ukve moSlilia. sainteresoa, romCven mier moyvanili magaliTebis umravlesoba iseT ZeglebSi aris dadasturebuli,romlebic samxreT saqarTvelos samwerlobo kerebidan momdinareoben.safiqrebelia, rom samxreT qarTul dialeqtur arealSi, romelsacemyareboda VIII-XI saukuneTa qarTuli samwerlobo ena, II xolmeobiTimoiSala~ (sarjvelaZe 1984: 451).i. qavTaraZe ki fiqrobs, rom qarTul saliteraturo enas II xolmeobiTiXVIII saukunis gasulamdis SemorCa. magram ar SeiZleba iTqvas, romsaliteraturo enis teqstebi srulad asaxavs XIII-XVIII saukuneebis yvelakuTxis qarTuli metyvelebis suraTs: `safiqrebelia, dasavlur kiloTaumetesobam da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos baris kiloTa erTma jgufma (zemoqarTluri,mesxur-javaxuri) amgvari warmoeba adreve dakarga, magramliteraturuli tradiciebis ZaliT igi kvlav cocxlobda... TviT saliteraturoenaSi da garkveul dialeqtebSic ukve meCvidmete saukunidan saboloodiCens Tavs analogiur formaTa mniSvnelobis dakargva-daviwyeba,risTvisac damatebiTi sakompensacio saSualeba _ `xolme~ nawilaki xdebaaucilebeli~ (qavTaraZe 1961: 10).rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, II xolmeobiTi, rogorc damoukidebelimwkrivi, axal qarTulSi aRar SemorCa. is mxolod mTis kiloebSi, ingiloursada qiziyurSia Semonaxuli. mravalgzisobis Sinaarsis gadmosacemadTanamedrove saliteraturo ena Zveli, organuli warmoebis formebisnacvlad sxvadasxva saSualebas mimarTavs. zogjer Tu analizur `xolme~nawilakian formebs iyenebs, zogjer sxva mwkrivebs Caanacvlebs. T. zurabiSvilmaSeiswavla aseTi faqtebi da daadgina, rom xolmeobiTobis Sinaarsisgadmosacemad ena iyenebs xSirad I xolmeobiTs, zogjer _ namyouwyvetels, xSirad _ myofads, iSviaTad _ awmyos, zogjer _ namyo Ziri-Tads, I TurmeobiTs da II TurmeobiTs. am ukanasknelT (I T. da II T.) xSiradaxlavT ganmeorebis gamomxatveli zmnizedebic da maTTan erTad mravalgzisobisSinaarsis matarebelia `xolme~ nawilakdarTuli nebismierimwkrivis zmniswiniani Tu uzmniswino forma (zurabiSvili 1965).167

saSuali qarTulis Cven xelT arsebuli samwerlobo Zeglebidanamokrebili masalis mimoxilvam dagvarwmuna, rom aRniSnul ZeglTa enaSiII xolmeobiTi jer kidev cocxalia. xsenebuli mwkrivis formaTa regularulidamowmeba cxadyofs, rom am periodis saliteraturo enaSi IIxolmeobiTi jer isev inarCunebs pozicias. mravalgzisobis Sinaarsisgadmosacemad xolmeobiTis sxva mwkrivebTan erTad saSual qarTulSi IIxolmeobiTi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba. misi sistemuri fiqsacia xerxdeba aramxolod adrindeli periodis teqstebSi, aramed gviandel ZeglebSic.iseT nawarmoebSi, rogoric ioane batoniSvilis `kalmasobaa~, II xolmeobiTiCveulebriv damoukidebeli sauRlebeli erTeulia, e. i. XIX saukunis20-iani wlebisaTvis am mwkrivs jer kidev ar dauTmia sarbieli. igi TiTqmisTanabari sixSiriT gvxvdeba urTierTisagan qronologiurad Tu Janrobrivadgansxvavebul ZeglebSi:naxis, cecxli gauaxldis, wyluli gaxdis ufro wylulad (vefx., 41, 3);ismendian, gahkvirdian, ra atirdis atirdian (vefx., 956, 3);movdiodiT da, Tu sada mÃeci gardaguekidis, ganaRamca rome movkliT(am., 215, 3);gardaÃdian, Tayuani-scian da Seasxian qeba amiran darejanisZesa (am.,309, 1);ra suli Cemi gecis, mkudari gascocxldi (vis., 206, 24);dilasa ra gaiRuiZian, sumiTa, sixaruliTa da simReriTa dasxdian(vis., 150, 21);da ukeTu enebis raÁme basilis, momTxovelisa maxlobelTa mimarTmisTa, gina sxuaTa mier ara momcemelTa, meyseulad SerisxviT amxilis daiZulebiT winaSe missa moawiian (abus. tb., 61, 90);wavidi, ortaRTagan lahri da TeTri aviRi (ist. sab., 146, 33);romelman daipyris kaci velsa gare da moklis igi (sam. Zegl., I, 119);da ukeTu vin dafarviT imoqmedis da Semdgomad scnobdian, kanonsamiscemdian da dautevebdian (sam. Zegl., II, 152);man didebulni awvivnis, Seiyarnian srulobiT (T. I, 38. 102, 2);ra beberma naxis, rom goSias cremli moswydis, ufro cxar-cxaripuri gamoucxvis da aWamis (T. II, 174, 23);kvlav iqiT lekTa Cauxdi, damarTni cisa grexani (bes., 26. 12, 1);168

vinc rom iTxovis qva da talaxi,mas miarTvian xe da balaxi (daviTiani, 260. 575, 2);esreT mterni iyvnen, erTad ver moTavsdian, arcara erTad svian daWamian (saba, s.s., 24);dabla xomaldis fskerSi Cems paqsimadze vijdi da viwvi (saba,mogz., 243);da arca qristianeni SeuSindian satanjvelTa da Seibralnian ÃorcniTÂsni, aramed erTiTa gonebiTa wardgian (saba, swavl., 175 540);dilas SevsxdiT, vinadiriT, SuadRisas SemoviqciT,aw burTobas xeli mivhyviT, mun saZilod ar gaviqciT (arC., II, 293, 1-2);da kvalad pirvelidganve iwyian, aTxuTmetad aRasrulian (batoniS.,I, 196);Sen xar romelman aRadgini qveynisagan glaxaki da skoreTagan aRamaRlidavrdomili (q. cx., I, 153, 21; 154, 1);da odesme durZukTa da didoTa moirTnian da gamoiyvanian xazarni,maSin ewyÂs da verodes sZles xazarTa da yovladve mirian sZlis (q. cx.,I, 66, 11-13);viTar CCÂlnica ZuZuTgan dedisaTa aRitacnian da winaSe dedisa qvazedadaanarcxian, da romelsame Tualni warscÂvdian da romelsame tÂnidaeTxiis (q. cx., II, 175, 15-16).i. qavTaraZem SeniSna, rom Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulSi`xolme~ nawilaki Zalian iSviTad ixmareba II seriis mwkrivebTan (qavTara-Ze 1961: 17). kidev ufro iSviaTia `xolme~ nawilaki saSuali qarTulisCven mier mimoxilul ZeglebSi II xolmeobiTis formebTan. aseTi analizuriwarmoeba mxolod sulxan-sabas `sibrZne sicrueSi~ davadastureT. sainteresoa,rom xolmeobiTis amgvari warmoeba (II xolm. + xolme) mxolodpirvel subieqtur pirTan Segvxvda. Cvens konkretul SemTxvevaSi moubarisakuTar TavTan dakavSirebul ambavs hyveba:romelic uars ityoda, ZaliT movaparsviniT xolme Tavi (saba, s.s., 84);qveS varcli SevudgiT xolme, vcemdiT da vecxli, oqro gamogviyaris(saba, s.s., 98).is faqti, rom `xolme~ nawilakdarTuli II xolmeobiTis formebiZneli mosaZebnia sulxan-saba orbelianis igav-arakTa krebulSi, metyve-169

lebs imaze, rom Tavad II xolmeobiTi am droisaTvis sakmaod Zlieria.`sibrZne sicruisa~ xom axali qarTuliTaa dawerili.Sereul kavSirebiTs uRlebis sistemaSi mogvianebiT miuCines adgili.am Taviseburi warmoebis mwkrivis formebi adreve iqcevda mecnierTayuradRebas. arn. Ciqobava maT `arqaul namyo usruls~, `namyo usrulisxolmeobiTs~, `waqezebiT brZanebiTs~ uwodebda da damoukidebel mwkrivadar Tvlida. `xolmeobiTisagan nawarmoeb namyo usruls Cven vuwodebTarqaul namyo usruls~ (Ciqobava 1948: 52, 62). k. kekeliZem teqstisaTvis`cxovreba saba palestinelisa~ wamZRvarebul gamokvlevaSi `eziarnodian~,`yodian~, `ganaTiodian~ zmnebs `araCveulebrivi, TiTqos dialeqturi formebi~uwoda (kekeliZe 1946: 136).am formaTa Sesaxeb 1945 wels a. SaniZe ambobda: `es gaxlavT paraleluriforma II kavSirebiTisa, romelsac od formantis CarTvis gamo,aspeqti ucvleli srulis nacvlad usruli miuRia, oRond sintaqsurikonstruqcia SeunarCunebia. aseTi forma uTuod meoreuli warmoSobisaa~(SaniZe 1945 b: 843).1948 wels amgvar formebs a. SaniZem Sereuli kavSirebiTi uwoda damwkrivTa sistemaSi warmoadgina. mkvlevari msjelobda: `1. romelsame gansakuTrebulformas SeiZleba damoukidebeli adgili eWiros gramatikul sistemaSiimdenad, ramdenadac mas gansakuTrebuli funqciac gaaCnia. es saerTodebuleba ZalaSia im zmnur formaTaTvisac, romelTac mwkrivebi hqvia.2. qarTuli enis IX-X saukuneTa ZeglebSi gvxvdeba formebi, romlebicver Tavsdeba verc erTis aqamomde cnobili mwkrivis farglebSi.warmoebis TvalsazrisiT isini II serias ekuTvnian _ maT fuZes eyrdnobian,magram zed urTaven od savrcobs, romelic I seriidan aris aRebuli.amis gamo isini orgvar bunebas iCenen: sintaqsuri Taviseburebani II seriismwkrivebisa aqvT (gardamavali zmnebi qvemdebares moTxrobiTSi Seiwyoben,pird. damatebas ki _ saxelobiTSi), xolo erTi morfologiuri kategoriismixedviT isini I seriis mwkrivTa rigebSi dganan: aspeqti usruliaqvT. dro maT momavali aqvT, kilo _ TxrobiTi an kavSirebiTi, zogjerbrZanebiTic. amgvarad, funqciiT isini etolebian mwkrivs, romelic I kav-SirebiTis (an I myofadis) saxeliT aris cnobili. magaliTi: `sayurZeni170

igi misces sxuaTa moqmedTa, romelTa m i s c o d i a n mas nayofi JamTamaTTa~ (maT. 21, 41 C).3. aRniSnuli or-bunebovani mwkrivi uTuod meoreuli warmoSobisaa.amaze miuTiTebs obieqturi n infiqsis Casma zmnis fuZesa da od savrcobsSoris: S e w i r o d i s (man igi), magram: S e w i r n o d i s (man igini).4. uRlebis paradigmebSi am axal mwkrivs adgili SeiZleba mieCinosan I seriaSi, an II seriaSi, magram sjobs II-Si. saxelad SeiZleba ewodos`Sereuli kavSirebiTi~ (SaniZe 1948: 18).Sereuli kavSirebiTis formebi T. cqitiSvilma daZebna ezekieliswignis oSkur da ierusalimur versiebSi (cqitiSvili 1976: 284). xsenebuliformebi daadastura k. daneliam ieremias winaswarmetyvelebis Zveli qar-Tuli versiebis kvlevisas (danelia 1965: 19). Sereuli kavSirebiTisa da SereulixolmeobiTis formebi moiZia z. sarjvelaZemac (sarjvelaZe 1984: 456).l. kiknaZe uwyvetlis xolmeobiTze msjelobisas Sereul kavSirebiTzeambobda: `es axali tipis kavSirebiTi yovelTvis gansxvavebuliarogorc I, ise II kavSirebiTisagan... II xolmeobiTis fuZisagan nawarmoebikavSirebiTis II seriis mwkrivebTan siaxlove sxva ramis mixedviTac Cans:moqm. gvaris zmnaSi gamoxatulia pirdapiri obieqtis mravlobiToba (aRasrul-n-odian...),prefiqsian vnebiTSi aris moqmedebiTis formidan gadmoyolili-n- (eziar-n-odian...), fuZedrekad zmnaSi -e-s magivrad i xmovania(ganaTiodian...)~ (kiknaZe 1961: 248).mogvianebiT mkvlevarma Sereuli kavSirebiTis manamde cnobil formebskidev eqvsi axali forma Semata. formiT Sereuli kavSirebiTis analogiurda funqciiT (romelsac maT konteqsti aniWebs) gansxvavebul formebsl. kiknaZem Sereuli xolmeobiTi daarqva da mwkrivTa sistemaSi damoukidebelsauRlebel erTeulad warmoadgina: `Sereuli kavSirebiTis (iseve,rogorc od-iani zmnebis I kavSirebiTis) mwkrivis niSania i sufiqsi, romelicSereuli xolmeobiTis, II xolmeobiTis da III xolmeobiTs) mwkrivis mawarmoebelicaris. amitom aris, rom Sereuli kavSirebiTisa da SereulixolmeobiTis formebi (iseve, rogorc od-iani zmnebis I kavSirebiTisa dauwyvetlis xolmeobiTis formebi) garegnulad erTnairia~ (kiknaZe 1967: 190).v. imnaiSvilma britaneTis muzeumSi dacul XI saukunis qarTulxelnawerSi Sereuli kavSirebiTis ToTxmeti magaliTi ipova, konteqstis171

mixedviT yvela maTgani momavali drois gamomxatveli kavSirebiTis formaaRmoCnda. `W a m o d i a n forma SeiZleba Sereuli kavSirebiTic iyos daSereuli xolmeobiTic. Tu saxeldobr romeli mwkrivia konkretul SemTxvevaSi,amas gvagebinebs konteqsti: Tu warsuli dro an mravaljer gameorebulimoqmedeba ivaraudeba, mwkrivi xolmeobiTisaa, Tuki momavalidro igulisxmeba _ kavSirebiTisa~ (imnaiSvili 1977: 18).Sereuli kavSirebiTis uRlebis paradigma ase gamoiyureba:vakurTxod-ivakurTxod-i-TakurTxod-iakurTxod-i-TakurTxod-i-sakurTxod-i-anrogorc zemoT aRvniSnavdiT, saSuali qarTulis Cven mier mimoxiluliZeglebidan jer kidev Zvelsave qarTulSi iSviaTobad qceulimwkrivis es formebi mxolod `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Segvxvda. oriodeformis dadastureba movaxerxeT. orive maTgani leonti mrovelis TxzulebebSiaRmoCnda:xolo TÂT mefeni qarTlisani mcxeTiT gaemarTodian somxiTs gzasaabocissa, da maradis esreT hkrfebodes qarTvelni (q. cx., I, 48, 8);mravalni ukue uRmrToni Wirsa STacÂvian, da raJams xadodian wmidasajuarsa, munquesve ganerian Wirisagan da movidodian SemTxuevad patiosnisajuarisa, da mswrafl naTel-iRian da adidebdian patiosansajuarsa (q. cx., I, 124, 9).aRsaniSnavia, rom Cven mier damowmebuli gardauvali zmnis es oriveforma 1633-1646 wlebis mariamiseul nusxaSia SemorCenili. aqve davZenT, romorsave SemTxvevaSi konteqsti xolmeobiTobis Sinaarsis Semcvelia da, Sesabamisad,moZiebul formebs SeiZleba Sereuli xolmeobiTi vuwodoT.davaskvniT, uRlebis sistemis es ori erTeuli iyo Zvel qarTulSi,aRar gvaqvs Tanamedrove saliteraturo enaSi. amaTgan II xolmeobiTi sistemebraris warmodgenili sakvlevi enobrivi periodis yvela ZeglSi. imavesver gavimeorebT Sereul kavSirebiTze. es ukanaskneli enobriv raritetadqceula ara mxolod saSuali qarTulis samwerlobo ZeglebSi, igiiSviaTobas warmoadgens ukve Zvel qarTulSic. konteqstis Sesabamisadman SeiZleba xolmeobiTis Sinaarsic gadmosces.172

Z i r i T a d i d a s k v n e b i1. qarTuli enis ganviTarebis gzaze sami periodis gamoyofa gamarTlebulia.Tumca Zveli da axali qarTulis gverdiT saSuali qarTulismaT tolfas erTeulad gamoyofas realuri safuZveli ar aqvs. esaris e. w. gardamavali etapi Zvelsa da axal qarTuls Soris. XII-XVIII saukuneebis mwerlobis enas ganvixilavT sxvadasxva literaturulitradiciis avtorTa Tu gadamwerTa mier Seqmnil-gadaweriliZeglebis enad, romelSic Tavs iyris sxvadasxva dialeqturi wrisSemonatani Tu Zveli da axali qarTulis enobrivi faqtebi. enobrivformaTa siWrele da mravalferovnebaa is ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli,rac am periods winare da momdevno safexurebisagan gamoarCevs, rogorcTavisTavadsa da gansxvavebul monacems.2. saSual qarTulSi II seriis mwkrivTa warmoebis Sesaswavlad SevjerdiTamosaval poziciaze, romelic mwkrivTa sistemis agebisas sawarmoebelifuZis principis gaTvaliswinebas gulisxmobs. sawarmoebelifuZis principidan gamomdinare, damoukidebel mwkrivad moiazrebamxolod is sauRlebeli erTeuli, romelsac damoukidebeli fuZeaqvs. amis mixedviT gamoiyo oTxi mwkrivi: wyvetili, II kavSirebiTi, IIxolmeobiTi, Sereuli kavSirebiTi.3. saSual qarTulSi wyvetilis warmoebas vikvlevdiT im formobrivijgufebis (yalibebis) farglebSi, romlebic sayrdeni morfemisstruqturis gaTvaliswinebiTaa gamoyofili. es jgufebia uniSno da-i sufiqsiani da -e bolosarTiani zmnebi. uniSno warmoebis (`movkal-Ø~tipis) zmnaTa gverdiT iSviaTi narTaulxmovniani (`movkali~tipis) formebic gamovlinda. mr. ricxvis formebSi (movkal-i-T) TanxmovanTgamyarisfunqciiT gaCenili -i xmovani mx. ricxvis formebSicikidebs fexs. saSuali qarTuli aRniSnul formebSi misi damkvidrebisetapia. es etapi or qveetapad warmogvidgeba: 1. saSuali qarTulisenobrivi periodis dasawyisidan XVI saukunemde da 2. XVI saukunidanam peridis dasasrulamde.Tu `movkali~ tipis zmnebma oTxi aTeuli Seadgina, mr. ricxvis `movkalT~tipis zmnebi mxolod or aTeuls aRwevs. saSuali qarTulis173

ZeglebSi amgvari Zveli qarTuliseuli formebis gamoyenebas umetesSemTxvevaSi Tematika ganapirobebs. wyvetilis xsenebul formaTagangancalkevebiT dganan e. w. II yalibis zmnebi, romelTa -i mwkrivis ni-Sani gansxvavebulia genezisiTa da funqciiT.4. martivia warmoeba -e bolosarTiani wyvetilisa, sadac aseve ori yalibigamoikveTeba (`avaSene~ da `avage~ tipi). saSual qarTulSi amgvarizmnebi did formobriv jgufs qmnian.5. saSuali qarTulis Cven mier Seswavlil ZeglebSi gamoiyo ramdenimeformobrivi jgufi, romlebic wyvetils ori an meti yalibiT iwarmoebs.paralelizmi dadasturda I da IV (davaskven(i) ||| davaskvne), I daII (davSver(i) || davSvri), III da IV (vsZli(v)e || vsZle), II da IV (daec(i)|| dasci) yalibis zmnebTan. gamovlinda SemTxveva, roca romelimezmna erTdroulad sami yalibiT iwarmoebs wyvetils (I, II, IV).paraleluri formaTwarmoeba dadasturda ara mxolod sxvadasxvaepoqis ZeglebSi, aseTi faqtebi erTi avtoris erTsa da imave TxzulebaSicmoipoveba.6. wyvetilis formebSi III subieqturi piris niSnebze dakvirvebisas yuradRebagardauvalma zmnebma miipyres. saSuali qarTulis enobrivi masalisanalizma gviCvena, rom XII-XIII saukuneTa ZeglebSi -es sufiqsirCeba erTaderT mawarmoeblad. Tumca am epoqis calkeul TxzulebaSiaxali afiqsebic Cndeba aqa-iq. -en/-nen bolosarTTa regularulifiqsacia XVII saukunidan xerxdeba.7. brZanebiTis formebs wyvetilis formobriv variantebad ganvixilavT.maTi warmoeba saSuali qarTulis Zeglebis mixedviT ZiriTadad axaliqarTulisebria. aqa-iq SeiniSneba Zveli warmoebis kvalic: III pirisbrZanebiTis -n/-ed arqauli afiqsebi umetesad dalocvisa dawyevla-SeCvenebis Sinaarsis frazebSia SemorCenili.8. TiTqmis mTlianad axali qarTulisebria warmoeba -a da -e sufiqsianiII kavSirebiTisa moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi. Tu Zvel qarTulSi maTgamovlenas sayrdeni morfemiseuli xmovani ganapirobebda, saSualqarTulSi uniSno da -i elementiani wyvetilis mqone moqmedebiTigvaris zmnaTa II kavSirebiTis mawarmoeblad ukve -a sufiqsi gvxvdebayvelgan. -e bolosarTi naSTis saxiTaa SemorCenili. es ukanaskneli174

poeziaSi xSirad leqsis saWiroebiT gamoiyeneba. zogjer mis gamovlenasteqstis Tematika gansazRvravs.prefiqsian vnebiTebTan paraleluri (-a || -e sufiqsiani) formaTwarmoebaikveTeba. paraleluri formebi ewarmoeba zmnebs, romelTa sayrdenmorfemaSi e xmovani monacvleobs nulTan. paraleluri formebierTsa da imave nawarmoebSi dasturdeba.9. saSuali qarTulis samwerlobo ZeglebSi mosalodneli -a da -e bolosarTebisnacvlad arcTu iSviaTad o sufiqsi gvxvdeba, II kavSirebiTsparaleluri afiqsebiT iwarmoebs zogierTi zmna.10. gardauval zmnaTa II kavSirebiTSi III subieqturi piris mravlobiTobisgadmosacemad -nen sufiqsi jer kidev iSviaTia.11. saSuali qarTulis enobriv masalaSi sruliad damoukidebeli adgiliukavia II xolmeobiTs. axal saliteraturo qarTulSi is aRar arsebobs,mxolod zogierT dialeqts TuRa Semounaxavs. saSual qar-TulSi mravalgzisobis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad igi sistematuradgamoiyeneba.12. Sereul kavSirebiTs (Sereul xolmeobiTs), romelic Zvelsave qar-TulSi iSviaTia, saSual qarTulSi gadmonaSTis saxiT SemouRwevia.`qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-erT TxzulebaSi oriode forma mariamiseulxelnawers Semounaxavs.damowmebuli literaturaabesaZe 1960: abesaZe n. gramatikis sakiTxebi XIX saukunis qarTul periodulgamocemebSi. Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiisgamomcemloba, 1960.abulaZe 1954: abulaZe i. qarTuli zmnis iSviaTi formebi VIII-IX ss-is ZeglebismixedviT, Tsu Sromebi. stalinis sax. Tbilisissaxelwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 53, 1954.arabuli 1980: arabuli a. sporadulad gamovlenili III piris -n/-d, -en/-edsufiqsTa funqciisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi. narkvevebi iberiul-kavkasiurenaTa morfologiidan. saq. ssr mecnie-175

ebaTa akademia. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~,1980.arabuli 1992: arabuli a. qarTuli zmnis formaTa semantikuri analizisa-Tvis, saq. mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, enisa da literaturisseria, gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 4, 1992.arabuli 1999: arabuli a. zmnis sauRlebel erTeulTa raodenobis saki-TxisaTvis qarTulSi, enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi. iv. javaxiSvilissax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, 1,1999.baramiZe 2003: baramiZe l. subieqturi mesame piris niSanTa ganawilebisa-Tvis Zvel qarTulSi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetisgamomcemloba, 2003.gewaZe 1952-1953: gewaZe d. mesame piris subieqtis niSani -d Zvel qarTulSi,al. wulukiZis sax. quTaisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuriinstitutis Sromebi, XI, 1952-1953.gewaZe 1969: gewaZe d. mwkrivTa formebis warmoeba sulxan-saba orbelianisTxzulebebSi. qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi,1969.gigineiSvili 1952: gigineiSvili i. i. b. stalinis moZRvreba saerTo-saxalxoenisa da dialeqtebis Sesaxeb da erTiani qarTulisaliteraturo enis sakiTxebi, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba(ike). saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba,III, 1952.gigineiSvili 1959: gigineiSvili i. sulxan-saba orbelianis enisaTvis.sulxan-saba orbeliani. saiubileo krebuli. Tbilisi:stalinis sax. Tbilisis sax. universitetis gamomcemloba,1959.gigineiSvili 1964: gigineiSvili i. od elementis Semcveli erTi zmnuriZiris agebulebisaTvis. saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiismoambe. Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba,t. 34. 1, 1964.176

gigineiSvili... 1973: gigineiSvili b., sarjvelaZe z. [va], […a], [ve], […e] da[o] segmentTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi.mravalTavi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, III, 1973.gogolaSvili 1980: gogolaSvili g. namyo ZiriTadis warmoeba axal qar-TulSi. saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, enisa daliteraturis seria. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~,3, 1980.gogolaSvili 1983: gogolaSvili g. -e da -a sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTisSesaxeb axal qarTulSi. qarTuli sityvis kulturis sakiTxebi.Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, V, 1983.gogolaSvili 1984: gogolaSvili g. dro-kiloTa meore seriis formebiaxal qarTulSi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba,1984.gogolaSvili 1985 a: gogolaSvili g. namyos saxeobaTa warmoebis erTgvarovaniprincipisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi. iberiul-kavkasiurienaTmecniereba (ike), XXIII, 1985.gogolaSvili 1985 b: gogolaSvili g. erTi zmnuri Ziris (cema) SemadgenlobisaTvisqarTulSi. saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiismacne, enisa da literaturis seria. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba`mecniereba~, 1, 1985.gogolaSvili 1988: gogolaSvili g. qarTuli zmnis uRvlilebis sistema,Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1988.gogolaSvili 2004: gogolaSvili g. qarTuli enis periodizaciis saki-TxisaTvis, enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi. iv. javaxiSvilissax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, I, 2004.gorgaZe 1925: gorgaZe s. axali saliteraturo qarTulis istoriidan.`mnaTobi~, Tbilisi, 1, 1925.danelia 1965: Данелия К. Д., Древнегрузинские версии Пророчества Иеремии и ихязык. Автореферат дисертации на соискание ученой степеникандидата филологических наук. Тбилиси, 1965.deetersi 1930: Deeters G., Das Kartvelische Verbum, Leipzig, 1930.177

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SaniZe 1945 a: SaniZe a. qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqcia (sami Satberdulixelnaweris mixedviT). Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTaakademiis gamomcemloba, 1945.SaniZe 1945 b: SaniZe a. mwkrivTa moZRvrebisaTvis, I. sami mwkrivis warmoebisTaviseburebani Zvel qarTulSi. saq. ssr mecniereba-Ta akademiis moambe. Tbilisi, t. VI, 10, 1945.SaniZe 1948: SaniZe a., mwkrivTa moZRvrebisaTvis. V. sxva ucnobi mwkriviqarTulSi. Tbilisis sax. universitetis samecniero sesia(1948 w. 31 maisi _ 5 ivnisi). muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTaTezisebi. Tbilisi: universitetis gamomcemloba,1948.SaniZe 1953: SaniZe a. qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi. Tbilisi: stalinissax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba,I, 1953.SaniZe 1976: SaniZe a. Zveli qarTuli enis gramatika. Tbilisi: Tbilisisuniversitetis gamomcemloba, 1976.SaniZe 1980: SaniZe a. Txzulebani. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba,III, 1980.SaniZe... 1980: SaniZe a., imnaiSvili i., kvaWaZe l. qarTuli enis gramatika.V-VI klasebis saxelmZRvanelo. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba`ganaTleba~, naw. I, 1980.SaniZe 1981: SaniZe a. Txzulebani. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, II,1981.Ciqobava 1926: Ciqobava arn. recenzia: `Н. Я. Марр, Грамматикадревнелитературного грузинского языка". mimomxilveli. tfilisi:saq. saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis gamocema,I, 1926.Ciqobava 1929: Ciqobava arn. riT aris warmodgenili mravlobiTis saxelobiTSidasmuli morfologiuri obieqti Zvels qarTul-Si? tfilisis universitetis moambe. Tbilisi, IX, 1929.Ciqobava 1936: Ciqobava arn. Wanuris gramatikuli analizi. Tbilisi: ssrkmecnierebaTa akademiis saqarTvelos filialis gamocema,1936.182

Ciqobava 1938: Ciqobava arn. dialeqtizmebis sakiTxisaTvis `vefxistyaosan-Si~. enimkis moambe (akad. maris saxelobis enis, istoriisada materialuri kulturis institutis moambe). ssrkmecnierebaTa akademiis saqarTvelos filialis gamomcemloba,III, 1938.Ciqobava 1940: Ciqobava arn. mesame piris subieqtis uZvelesi niSani qarTvelurenebSi, enimkis moambe (akad. maris saxelobis enis,istoriisa da materialuri kulturis institutis moambe).ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis saqarTvelos filialisgamomcemloba, V-VI, 1940.Ciqobava 1942: Ciqobava arn. saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelurenebSi. Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba,1942.Ciqobava 1943: Ciqobava arn. permanisivis (`xolmeobiTis~) istoriuli adgilisaTvisqarTuli zmnis uRvlilebis sistemaSi. saq.ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe. Tbilisi: t. IV, 1,1943.Ciqobava 1948: Ciqobava arn. ergatiuli konstruqciis problema iberiulkavkasiurenebSi. I. nominatiuri da ergatiuli konstruqciisistoriuli urTierToba Zveli qarTuli saliteraturoenis monacemTa mixedviT. Tbilisi: saq. ssrmecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, 1948.Ciqobava 1950: Ciqobava arn. qarTuli enis zogadi daxasiaTeba. qarTulienis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (qegl). Tbilisi: saq. ssrmecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba. I, 1950.Ciqobava 1952: Ciqobava arn. enaTmecnierebis Sesavali. Tbilisi: stalinissax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba,1952.Ciqobava 1954: Ciqobava arn. mravlobiTobis sufiqsTa genezisisaTvis qar-TulSi. iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba (ike). Tbilisi:saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, VI,1954.183

Ciqobava 1966: Ciqobava arn., Zvelisa da axali qarTulis komponentebisa-Tvis `vefxistyaosnis~ enis morfologiursa da sintaqsurstruqturaSi. iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba(ike). Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, XV, 1966.Ciqobava 1967: Чикобава А. С. Грузинский язык, Языки народов СССР, Москва:издательство "Наука", IV, 1967.Ciqobava 1968: Ciqobava arn. martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi. Tbilisi:gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, I, 1968.cqitiSvili 1976: cqitiSvili T. ezekielis wignis Zveli qarTuli versiebi.teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikonidaurTo T. cqitiSvilma. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba`mecniereba~, 1976.ZiZiguri 1978: ZiZiguri S. mTlianoba oRond nairgvarovani. qarTuli enada literatura skolaSi. saq. ssr ganaTlebis saministrossamecniero-pedagogiur Jurnal `skola da cxovrebis~yovelkvartluri damateba, 4, 1978.ZiZiguri 1980: ZiZiguri S. daviT guramiSvilis ena. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba`mecniereba~, 1980.ZiZiguri 1988: ZiZiguri S. sityvis cxovreba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani~,1988.WumburiZe 1982: WumburiZe z. madli dedaenisa. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTasaqarTvelo~, 1982.jorbenaZe 1975: jorbenaZe b. zmnis gvaris formaTa warmoebisa da funqciissakiTxebi qarTulSi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetisgamomcemloba, 1975.jorbenaZe 1980: jorbenaZe b. qarTuli zmnis formobrivi da funqciurianalizis principebi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetisgamomcemloba, 1980.jorbenaZe 1987: jorbenaZe b. balavari mwerlobisa. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1987.jorbenaZe 1998: jorbenaZe b. qarTuli saliteraturo enis periodizaciisaTvis.burji erovnebisa. besarion jorbenaZis sazogadoebisJurnali. Tbilisi: 1, 1998.184

damowmebuli wyaroebiSoTa rusTaveli, vefxistyaosani i. abaSiZis, a. baramiZis, p. ingoroyvas, a.SaniZis, g. wereTlis redaqciiT. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1966.visramiani, gamosacemad moamzades, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTes al.gvaxariam da m. Toduam. Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTaakademiis gamomcemloba, 1962.mose xoneli, amirandarejaniani, gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva daleqsikoni daurTo l. aTanelaSvilma. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba`literatura da xelovneba~, 1967.abuseriZe tbeli, bolok-basilis mSenebloba SuartyalSi da abuseriZeTasagvareulo matiane, 1233 w. teqsti gamosca l. musxeliSvilma.Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba,1941.qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviTs. yauxCiSvilis mier. Tbilisi: `saxelgami~, I, 1955.qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviTs. yauxCiSvilis mier. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTasaqarTvelo~, II, 1959.qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebuli.teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo i.doliZem. Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba,I, 1963.qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, saero sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi (X-XIX ss.).teqstebi gamosca, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi daurTo i.doliZem. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, II, 1965.qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebiIX-XIII ss. Seadgines da gamosacemad moamzades T. enuqi-Zem, v. silogavam, n. SoSiaSvilma. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba`mecniereba~, I, 1984.qarTuli warwerebis korpusi, lapidaruli warwerebi, II, dasavleTsaqarTvelos warwerebi, nakv. I (IX-XIII ss.). Seadgina da185

gamosacemad moamzada v. silogavam. Tbilisi:gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1980.eqvTime TayaiSvili, 1917 wlis arqeologiuri eqspedicia samx. saqarTveloSi.Tbilisi: saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademia, 1960.Teimuraz I, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. teqsti, gamokvleva, leqsikonial. baramiZisa da g. jakobias redaqciiT. tfilisi: `federacia~,1934.Teimuraz II, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. al. baramiZisa da v. TofuriasredaqciiT. Tbilisi: `federacia~, 1932.arCili, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli or tomad, I, al. baramiZisa da n.berZeniSvilis redaqciiT. tfilisi: saqarTvelos muzeumi,1936.arCili, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli or tomad, II, al. baramiZisa da n.berZeniSvilis redaqciiT. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos saxelmwifomuzeumi, 1937.sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, I, sibrZne sicruisa, mogzauroba evropaSi.gamosacemad moamzades s. yauxCiSvilma da r. baramiZem.Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,1959.sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, III, swavlani. gamosacemad moamzada,gamokvleva, SeniSvnebi da leqsikoni daurTo iv. lolaSvilma.Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,1963.besiki, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. al. baramiZisa da v. Tofurias redaqciiT.tfilisi: `federacia~, 1932.daviT guramiSvili, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. i. abaSiZis, al. barami-Zis, n. berZeniSvilis, k. kekeliZis, g. leoniZis, s. CiqovanisredaqciiT. Tbilisi: `saxelgami~, 1955.ioane batoniSvili, kalmasoba, I, k. kekeliZisa da al. baramiZis redaqciiT.tfilisi: `saxelgami~, 1936.ioane batoniSvili, kalmasoba, II, k. kekeliZisa da al. baramiZis redaqciiT.tfilisi: `saxelgami~, 1948.186

SemoklebaTa ganmartebaabus. tb. _ abuseriZe tbeliam. _ amirandarejanianiarC. _ arCilibes. _ besikidaviTiani _ daviT guramiSvilis TxzulebanieqvT. Tay. _ eqvTime TayaiSvilivefx. _ vefxistyaosanivis. _ visramianiT. I _ Teimuraz IT. II _ Teimuraz IIbatoniS. _ ioane batoniSviliist. sab. _ istoriuli sabuTebilapid. warw. _ lapidaruli warwerebisam. Zegl. _ qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebisaba, mogz. _sulxan-saba orbeliani, mogzauroba evropaSisaba, s.s. _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, sibrZne sicruisasaba, swavl. _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, swavlaniq. cx. _ qarTlis cxovreba187

s a r C e v iSesavali1. qarTuli saliteraturo enis periodizaciisaTvis ................................................2-112. II seriis mwkrivTa raodenoba Zvel qarTulSi .........................................................11-163. II seriis mwkrivTa raodenoba axal qarTulSi ........................................................16-244. II seriis mwkrivTa raodenoba saSual qarTulSi .................................................25-26I. wyvetili1. wyvetilis warmoeba Zvel qarTulSi ...................................................................................26-332. wyvetilis warmoeba axal qarTulSi ..................................................................................34-363. wyvetilis mesame subieqturi piris niSanTa sakiTxi Zvelsada axal qarTulSi ...........................................................................36-414. wyvetilis warmoeba saSual qarTulSi ...........................................................................41-424.1 uniSno da -i sufiqsiani wyvetili ...............................................................................42-634.2 -e bolosarTiani wyvetili ..................................................................................................63-674.3 yalibTa monacvleobisaTvis ..............................................................................................67-794.4 wyvetilis mesame subieqturi piris warmoeba ..................................................79-914.5 brZanebiTis formebi .................................................................................................................91-1054.6 Taviseburebani ..............................................................................................................................106-117II. II kavSirebiTi1. II kavSirebiTis warmoeba Zvel qarTulSi ..................................................................117-1232. II kavSirebiTis warmoeba axal qarTulSi .................................................................123-1263. II kavSirebiTis warmoeba saSual qarTulSi ...................................................................1263.1 -a da -e sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTi ..........................................................................126-1403.2 prefiqsiani vnebiTis II kavSirebiTis formaTawarmoebis Tavisebureba ..........................................................141-1493.3 -en/-nen daboloebisaTvis II kavSirebiTSi .......................................................149-1553.4 -o sufiqsiani II kavSirebiTi, paralelizmi .................................................156-165III. II xolmeobiTi da Sereuli kavSirebiTi...........................................165-172ZiriTadi daskvnebi ......................................................................................................................173-175damowmebuli literaturis sia ........................................................................................175-184damowmebuli wyaroebi.................................................................................................................185-186SemoklebaTa ganmartebani ..............................................................................................................187sarCevi .................................................................................................................................................................188188