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# 108<br />
biuleteni<br />
arCevanis ufleba gulisxmobs momxmareblis<br />
uflebas, mowodebuli saqonlidan da gasawevi<br />
momsaxurebidan airCios misTvis sasurveli, xolo<br />
monopoliuri bazris pirobebSi damakmayofilebeli<br />
xarisxis produqciis miRebis garantias.<br />
anazRaurebis ufleba gulisxmobs dasabuTebuli<br />
pretenziis dakmayofilebas, e.i. uxarisxo<br />
saqonlis SeZenisas an aradamakmayofilebeli<br />
momsaxurebis gawevis SemTxvevaSi kompensaciis<br />
miRebis uflebas. aseve, samarTlebrivi dacvis<br />
meqanizmebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobas, rogorc<br />
seriozuli, aseve mcire pretenziebis warmoSobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi. anazRaureba gulisxmobs, rogorc<br />
materialur, aseve moralur zarals.<br />
materialuri zarali _ es exeba yvelanair<br />
fulad danaxarjebs (mkurnaloba, xanZris Semdgomi<br />
remonti da a.S.).<br />
moraluri zarali _ es aris stresi, romelsac<br />
adamiani Rebulobs misi uflebis darRvevis<br />
Sedegad. momxmarebels moraluri zaralis<br />
anazRaurebis moTxovna SeuZlia im SemTxvevaSi,<br />
Tu is miyenebulia gamyidvelis an damamzadeblis<br />
konkretuli qmedebebis Sedegad.<br />
samomxmareblo ganaTlebis ufleba gulisxmobs<br />
momxmareblis mier iseTi codnisa da unar-<br />
Cvevebis miRebis uflebas, romelTa saSualebiT<br />
yovelTvis SeZlebs sakuTari samomxmareblo<br />
uflebebis dacvas, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis<br />
realizaciis sferoebze zegavlenas.<br />
ZiriTad saWiroebaTa dakmayofilebis ufleba<br />
gulisxmobs momxmareblis gadarCenis uzrunvelsayofad<br />
sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis sursaTiTa<br />
da momsaxurebiT (kveba, samosi, TavSesafari,<br />
sanitaruli pirobebi, jandacva, ganaTleba)<br />
dakmayofilebis uflebas.<br />
ufleba jansaRi garemos arsebobaze gulisxmobs<br />
jansaRi ekologiuri garemos arsebobas,<br />
romlis pirobebSic SesaZlebelia mosaxleobis<br />
sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis usafrTxoebis<br />
uzrunvelyofa. es ufleba moicavs aucileblobas<br />
daculi iqnes da gaumjobesdes garemo pirobebi<br />
axlandeli da momavali TaobebisaTvis.<br />
ufleba mousminon gulisxmobs saxelmwifo<br />
organoebis valdebulebas mousminon momxmarebels<br />
da kompetenciis farglebSi da kanonis<br />
Sesabamisad uzrunvelyon maTi uflebebis dacva.<br />
momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva<br />
sxvadasxva ganviTarebul qveynebSi<br />
Tanamedrove msoflios erT-erTi aqtualuri<br />
problemaa momxmarebelTa dacva. miTumetes<br />
aqtualobas iZens igi sabazro ekonomikis gardamaval<br />
etapze, tradiciuli sameurneo kavSirebis rRvevisa<br />
da axali urTierTobebis formirebis periodSi.<br />
cnobilia, rom sabazro urTierToba, TavisTavad,<br />
ar aris daculi konkurenciis SemzRudavi da<br />
momxmarebelTa uflebebis Semlaxavi faqtorebisgan.<br />
amasTan, cnobilia, rom momxmareblis saukeTeso<br />
damcveli jansaRi konkurenciaa. Tumca, rogorc<br />
msoflio praqtika adasturebs, sabazro struqtura<br />
ar aris daculi arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis<br />
da monopolieri qmedebisgan. gansakuTrebuli<br />
problemaa momxmareblis gauTviTcnobierebloba<br />
samomxmareblo sakiTxebSi, sakontraqto sistemebis,<br />
sagarantio pirobebis da momxmarebelTa informirebis<br />
damoukidebeli sistemebis ararseboba da<br />
sxva.<br />
momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva pirdapir<br />
kavSirSia saxelmwifoSi samomxmareblo bazris<br />
zedamxedvelobis sistemis gamarTul muSaobasTan.<br />
momxmarebeli saxelmwifos Tanadgomis gareSe<br />
daucvelia. amitom msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi,<br />
momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvas Sesabamisi<br />
saxelmwifo da mravalricxovani sazogadoebrivi<br />
organizacia axorcielebs. erTgvarovani midgoma<br />
momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT ar<br />
arsebobs. saqarTvelosTvis momxmarebelTa<br />
uflebebis dacvis kanonmdeblobis srulyofa<br />
da evrokanonmdeblobasTan daaxloebisTvis<br />
saintereso iqneba gavecnoT amerikis SeerTebuli<br />
Statebis, didi britaneTis, safrangeTis, belgiis,<br />
poloneTis da litvis momxmarebelTa uflebebis<br />
dacvis modelebs. zemoaRniSnuli qveynebi SevarCieT<br />
Semdegi kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT:<br />
• amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi: qveyana<br />
romlis prezidentma jon kenedim 1962 wlis 15 marts<br />
kongresisadmi gagzavnil mimarTvaSi pirvelad<br />
Camoayaliba momxmarebelTa oTxi ZiriTadi ufleba<br />
da safuZveli Cauyara momxmarebelTa uflebebis<br />
dacvis institutis Camoyalibebas;<br />
• didi britaneTi. momxmarebelTa uflebebis<br />
dacvis inglisuri modeli warmoadgens<br />
decentralizebul sistemas da sainteresoa<br />
msoflio sakanonmdeblo sivrcisaTvis.<br />
• safrangeTi _ qveyana, sadac momxmarebelTa<br />
uflebebis dacvis instituciuri mowyoba<br />
dafuZ nebulia Zlier centralizebul administrirebaze.<br />
• belgia _ sadac momxmarebelTa uflebebis<br />
dacvis ZiriTad funqcias asrulebs ekonomikuri<br />
profilis samsaxurebi.<br />
• poloneTi da litva _ qveynebi, romlebic<br />
saqarTvelosTvis gansakuTrebulad sainteresoa,<br />
socialisturi banakis warmomadgenlobidan -<br />
poloneTi da sabWoTa kavSiris respublikiebidan<br />
litva – vfiqrobT, CvenTvis saintereso iqneba maTi<br />
magaliTi, Tu rogor gaxdnen evrogaerTianebis<br />
wevri qveynebi da gansakuTrebiT ki am qveynebSi<br />
mimdinare momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis<br />
transformaciis procesi.<br />
rogoc aRvniSneT, momxmarebelTa uflebebis<br />
39
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