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# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

npnynbsfcmjt!ebdwb!fwsplbwTjstb!eb!tbrbsUwfmpTj!`!<br />

lboponefcmpcjt!TfebsfcjUj!bobmj{j<br />

lia Todua<br />

SoTa murRulia<br />

evrokavSirSi integracia saqarTvelos xelisuflebis<br />

deklarirebuli mizania. saqarTvelosa<br />

da evrokavSirs Soris 1995 wlis 15 dekembers<br />

dadebuli partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis<br />

SeTanxmebis 43-e muxlis mixedviT ki `saqarTvelosa<br />

da (evropul) gaerTianebas Soris ekonomikuri<br />

kavSirurTierTobaTa ganmtkicebis mniSvnelovani<br />

piroba aris saqarTvelos arsebuli da momavali<br />

kanonmdeblobis miaxloeba gaerTianebis kanonmdeblobasTan.<br />

saqarTvelo ecdeba, rom misi kanonmdebloba<br />

TandaTanobiT Seesabamos gaerTianebis<br />

kanonmdeblobas.~<br />

xelSekrulebis amave muxliT gansazRvrulia<br />

qarTuli kanonmdeblobis evropulisadmi har monizaciis<br />

prioritetuli sferoebi. maT Soris erTerTs<br />

<strong>momxmareblebis</strong> <strong>dacva</strong> warmoadgens.<br />

am statiis mizania momxmarebelTa dacvis<br />

evrokavSiris da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis<br />

Sedareba imis dasadgenad, Tu ramdenad Semcirda<br />

manZili maT Soris da, Sesabamisad, ramdenad<br />

xorcieldeba partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis<br />

xelSekrulebiT dasaxuli mizani da ra aris<br />

damatebiT gasakeTebeli am miznis misaRwevad.<br />

momxmarebelTa <strong>dacva</strong> evropul TanamegobrobaSi<br />

momxmarebelTa uflebebis <strong>dacva</strong>s evropis<br />

umetes qveynebSi didi xnis tradicia gaaCnia. 1972<br />

wels parizSi gamarTul evropis qveynebis meTaurTa<br />

konferenciaze, sxva TemebTan erTad momxmarebelTa<br />

uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebic iqna ganxiluli da<br />

politikosTa azri am sferoSi erTiani politikis<br />

SemuSavebis aucileblobaze Sejerda.<br />

am miznis misaRwevad 1975 wels evropis<br />

ekonomikurma kavSirma miiRo momxmareblis<br />

dacvis da informirebis pirveli (`winaswari~)<br />

programa, romelic am sferoSi dRemde ZiriTad<br />

strategiul dokuments warmoadgens. sainteresoa<br />

momxmarebelTa dacvis aucileblobis dasabuTeba,<br />

romelsac programa gvTavazobs: axali nedleulis<br />

aRmoCena, axali warmoebis meTodebis gamoyeneba,<br />

komunikaciis saSualebebis ganviTareba, bazrebis<br />

gafarToeba, gasaRebis axali meTodebis SemoReba<br />

xels uwyobs sxvadasxva saxeobis produqciis<br />

zrdas. yovelwliurad izrdeba bazarze<br />

gasayidad gamotanili saqonlisa da momsaxurebis<br />

mravalferovneba, izrdeba momxmareblis arCevani,<br />

rac udavod dadebiTi faqtia sabazro ekonomikis<br />

principebis danergvis kuTxiT. magram momxmarebeli,<br />

romelic mcire zomis bazrebze gadawyvetilebas<br />

iolad iRebda, gazrdil bazarze dambalansebeli<br />

faqtoris rols veRar asrulebs. igi kargad<br />

organizebuli warmoebis da gasaRebis sistemebis<br />

nawili gaxda, romelzec zemoqmedeba kargad<br />

dagegmili sareklamo kampaniebiT xorcieldeba.<br />

axal pirobebSi mwarmoebeli da gamyidveli ufro<br />

metad gansazRvraven bazris pirobebs, vidre<br />

momxmarebeli. es situacia xSirad azaralebs<br />

momxmarebels da aucilebels xdis mis <strong>dacva</strong>s<br />

pirvel rigSi saTanado informirebis saSualebiT.<br />

programiT ganisazRvra momxmarebelTa<br />

uflebebis dacvis 5 ZiriTadi mimarTuleba:<br />

• momxmareblis janmrTelobis da<br />

usafrToebis <strong>dacva</strong>;<br />

•<br />

<strong>dacva</strong>;<br />

momxmareblis ekonomikuri interesebis<br />

• rCeva, daxmareba da kompensacia;<br />

• momxmareblis informirebuloba da<br />

ganaTleba;<br />

• <strong>momxmareblebis</strong> `mosmena~ da masTan<br />

dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebebSi misi monawileobis<br />

uzrunvelyofa.<br />

momxmareblis janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis<br />

dacvis kuTxiT programaSi ganisazRvra ZiriTadi<br />

3

# 108 biuleteni<br />

prioritetebi: sakvebi produqtebi; kosmetika da<br />

sarecxi saSualebebi; grZelvadiani moxmarebis<br />

saojaxo teqnika; avtomobilebi; saTamaSoebi;<br />

tansacmeli; saSiSi nivTierebebi; sakveb<br />

produqtebTan SexebaSi myofi sagnebi; wamlebi;<br />

sasuqebi; cxovelebis sakvebi da veterinaruli<br />

produqcia.<br />

programis mixedviT momxmareblis ekonomikuri<br />

interesebis <strong>dacva</strong> gulisxmobs momxmareblis<br />

<strong>dacva</strong>s vaWrobis `agresiuli~ meTodebisagan,<br />

rogoricaa: xelSekrulebiT myidvelis uflebebis<br />

SezRudva, arakeTilsindisieri sakredito<br />

pirobebi, gadaxdis moTxovna momxmareblis mier<br />

winaswar SeukveTavi produqciis miwodebisas,<br />

xelSekrulebis standartuli pirobebi da<br />

sxva. aucilebelia agreTve momxmareblis <strong>dacva</strong><br />

naklovani saqonlis miwodebiT da arasaTanado<br />

momsaxurebis gaweviT miyenebuli zianisgan. zianis<br />

anazRaureba unda xdebodes swrafi, efeqturi<br />

da naklebad xarjiani meTodis gamoyenebiT. am<br />

procesSi momxmareblisaTvis uzrunvelyofili<br />

unda iyos konsultaciebi da daxmareba.<br />

momxmarebelis dacvisTvis mniSvnelovania<br />

agreTve, rom mas saqonlis/momsaxurebis SeZenis<br />

dros msgavs produqciebs Soris adekvaturi<br />

arCevanis gakeTebis saSualeba hqondes. amisaTvis igi<br />

sakmaris informacias unda flobdes. produqciis<br />

etiketsa da reklamas SecdomaSi ar unda Seyavdes<br />

momxmarebeli. mimwodebels unda SeeZlos am saxiT<br />

warmodgenili informaciis sizustis Sesabamisi<br />

meTodebiT damtkiceba.<br />

programis mixedviT momxmareblis ganaTleba<br />

moicavs bavSvebis, mozardebisa da ufrosebisaTvis<br />

codnis miwodebas sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb.<br />

ZiriTadi midgomebia: momxmareblis ganaTlebis<br />

xelSewyoba; maswavleblebis kvalifikaciis<br />

amaRleba da informaciis farTod gavrceleba.<br />

garda amisa, momxmarebelTa uflebebze gavlenis<br />

mqone gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas unda xdebodes<br />

am procesSi maTi CarTva da konsultireba.<br />

programis miRebis dRidan 33 wlis manZilze<br />

mis Sesasruleblad evrokavSirma ramodenime<br />

aTeuli normatiuli aqti miiRo. es kanonmdebloba<br />

qvemoT pirobiTad sam nawilad davyaviT:<br />

•<br />

loba;<br />

• produqciis/momsaxurebis usafrTxoeba;<br />

momxmareblis adekvaturi informi rebu-<br />

• momxmareblis ekonomikuri da samar Tlebrivi<br />

interesebis <strong>dacva</strong>.<br />

1. produqciis/momsaxurebis usafrTxoeba<br />

evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba<br />

momxmareblis erT-erT ZiriTad uflebas<br />

SeZenili produqciis an miRebuli momsaxurebis<br />

fizikuri usafrTxoebis ufleba warmoadgens.<br />

momxmareblis janmrTelobas, sicocxles, mis<br />

usafrTxoebas SeZenili nawarmi an miRebuli<br />

momsaxureba safrTxes ar unda uqmnides.<br />

rogorc aRvniSneT, momxmareblis dacvis<br />

evropuli Tanamegobrobis pirvelive (1975<br />

wlis) programaSi CamoTvlilia prioritetuli<br />

produqciis tipebi momxmareblis usafrTxoebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. esenia pirvel rigSi iseTi<br />

produqtebi, romelic adamianis sxeulSi xvdeba<br />

(sakvebi produqtebi, wamlebi, maTTan SexebaSi<br />

myofi masalebi) an sxeulTan uSualo kontaqtSia<br />

(kosmetika, tansacmeli, saTamaSoebi, sarecxi da<br />

sabanao saSualebebi, higienuri nivTebi), aseve<br />

mometebuli safrTxis Semcveli saqoneli da<br />

mowyobiloba (avtomobilebi, saojaxo teqnika,<br />

samomxmareblo danadgarebi, samomxmareblo qimikatebi,<br />

m.S. detergentebi, sasuqebi, pesticidebi).<br />

produqciis usafrTxoebaze momxmareblis<br />

uflebis uzrunvelyofa Semxvedri valdebulebebis<br />

saSualebiT xorcieldeba. kerZod:<br />

1) mwarmoebeli valdebulia bazarze mxolod<br />

usafrTxo produqcia ganaTavsos;<br />

2) saxelmwifo valdebulia uzrunvelyos/<br />

akontrolos, rom bazarze mxolod<br />

momxmareblisTvis usafrTxo produqcia iyos<br />

ganTavsebuli.<br />

tradiciulad, evropis qveynebSi saxelmwifos<br />

mier bazarze ganTavsebuli produqciis<br />

usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis gavrcelebul<br />

saSualebas TiToeuli tipis nawarmisTvis<br />

standartis dadgena warmoadgenda. produqcia,<br />

romelic standarts ar Seesabameboda, bazarze ar<br />

daiSveboda. anu standarti, faqtobrivad, kanonis<br />

donis dokumenti iyo, standartTan Sesabamisoba ki<br />

_ savaldebulo.<br />

gavixsenoT, rom evropuli ekonomikur Tanamegobrobas<br />

erT-erTi ZiriTad Semadgeneli<br />

komponents erTiani bazari warmoadgens.<br />

Tanamegobrobis sadamfuZneblo dokumentiT<br />

erTiani bazris SigniT gauqmda sabaJo<br />

gadasaxadebi da SezRudvebi, aikrZala produqciis<br />

gadaadgilebis raime saxis raodenobrivi<br />

SezRudva, an aseTi SezRudvis efeqtis mqone raime<br />

saxis regulacia. gamonaklisebi daiSva mxolod<br />

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu raime konkretuli tipis<br />

4

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

saqonlis import-eqsportis SezRudva aucilebelia<br />

sazogadoebrivi usaxrTxoebisTvis, adamianTa<br />

janmrTelobis dacvisTvis, raime istoriuli an<br />

kulturuli faseulobebis usafrTxoebisTvis da a.S.<br />

cxadia, produqciis TiToeuli tipisTvis<br />

dadgenili savaldebulo erovnuli standartebi<br />

qveynebs Soris produqciis Tavisufali<br />

gadaadgilebisTvis seriozul bariers warmoadgenda.<br />

erTi da imave nawarmisTvis sxvadasxva<br />

qveyanaSi dawesebuli standartebi erTmaneTisgan<br />

gansxvavdeboda. es gansxvavebebi xSirad wminda<br />

istoriuli mizezebiT aixsneboda, zogjer ki<br />

swored ucxouri produqciisgan erovnuli bazris<br />

<strong>dacva</strong>ze iyo mimarTuli.<br />

evropis TanamegobrobaTa sasamarTloSi<br />

araerTi saqme iqna aRZruli erovnuli standartebis<br />

gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg, im safuZvliT, rom<br />

maTi gamoyeneba erTiani bazris principebs<br />

ewinaaRmdegeboda. magaliTad, erT-erTi aseTi<br />

saqme 1 exeboda frangul liqiors Cassis de Dijon (15-<br />

20% alkoholis SemcvelobiT), romelic germaniis<br />

alkoholuri produqciis makontrolebelma<br />

federalurma organom ar dauSva germaniis<br />

bazarze im motiviT, rom germanuli standartiT<br />

xilis liqiorSi alkoholis Semcveloba 25%-ze<br />

naklebi ar unda yofiliyo. sakiTxis ganxilvisas<br />

evropuli Tanamegobrobis sasamarTlom ganmarta,<br />

rom Tanamegobrobis SigniT produqciis<br />

gadaadgilebis SezRudva dasaSvebia mxolod<br />

imdenad, ramdenadac amas moiTxovs sazogadoebrivi<br />

jan<strong>dacva</strong>, da daamata kidev erTi mizezi, romelic<br />

Semdgom sadamfuZneblo xelSekrulebis teqstSic<br />

Sevida: importis raodenobrivi SezRudva<br />

agreTve momxmarebelTa dacvis mizeziTac ariso<br />

SesaZlebeli. Tumca germaniis alkoholuri<br />

produqciis makontrolebelma federalurma organom<br />

ver daasabuTa liqiorSi alkoholis minimaluri<br />

Semcvelobis SezRudvis aucilebloba adamianTa<br />

janmrTelobis an momxmareblis ekonomikuri<br />

interesebis dacvisTvis da sabolood franguli<br />

liqiori daSvebuli iqna germanul bazarze.<br />

am kazusSi kargad Cans problema, romlis winaSec<br />

evropuli Tanamegobroba 70-80-ian wlebSi idga:<br />

erovnuli standartebi, Tavisi dawvrilmanebuli<br />

moTxovnebiT, produqciis Tavisufali gadaadgilebisaTvis<br />

barierebs qmnida. arada maTi<br />

sruli gauqmeba momxmareblis usafrTxoebisTvis<br />

iyo dauSvebeli. aucilebeli iyo erToblivi,<br />

harmonizebuli evropuli standartebis miReba. es<br />

procesi mimdinareobda, Tumca Zalzed nela _ axali,<br />

yvela qveynisTvis misaRebi standartebi yvela<br />

calkeuli produqtisTvis unda SemuSavebuliyo,<br />

1. saqme #120/78<br />

rac did dros saWiroebda. amave dros Zalzed<br />

rTuli iyo maTi damtkicebac: Tanamegobrobis<br />

sabWos imdroindeli proceduriT teqnikuri<br />

harmonizaciis direqtivebis dasamtkiceblad<br />

yvela wevri qveynis (Sesabamisi sferos) ministris<br />

Tanxmoba iyo savaldebulo.<br />

amitom 1985 wels evropuli Tanamegobrobis<br />

sabWom miiRo rezolucia 2 , romliTac daadgina axali<br />

midgoma produqciis standartebisadmi. ZiriTadi<br />

novacia imaSi mdgomareobda, rom teqnikuri<br />

specifikaciebi da standartebi (rogorc erovnuli,<br />

aseve evropuli) nebayoflobiTi statusis mqone<br />

dokumentebad gamocxadda. rezoluciaSi naTqvamia:<br />

mwarmoebels SeuZlia awarmoos produqcia, romelic<br />

ar Seesabameba standarts, magram am SemTxvevaSi<br />

igi valdebulia amtkicos, rom misi produqcia<br />

usafrTxoa. rezoluciis mixedviT Tanamegobrobis<br />

direqtivebiT unda dadgindes usafrTxoebis 3<br />

arsebiTi moTxovnebi TiToeuli tipis<br />

produqciisTvis. evropaSi moqmed standartizaciis<br />

organizaciebs maT mier SemuSavebul standartebSi<br />

direqtiviT dadgenili usafrTxoebis arsebiTi<br />

moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebis miTiTeba miecaT.<br />

dadginda, rom gamoqveyndeba im standartebis<br />

siebi, romelic am moTxovnebs akmayofilebs.<br />

produqciis Sesabamisoba aseT standartebTan<br />

erT-erTi saSualeba iqneba mwarmoeblisTvis imis<br />

samtkiceblad, rom misi produqcia usafrTxoebis<br />

moTxovnebs Seesabameba. rezoluciaSi naTqvamia,<br />

rom erovnuli makontrolebeli organoebi<br />

valdebulni arian harmonizebul standartTan<br />

SesabamisobaSi myofi nawarmi usafrTxod miiCnion.<br />

dakonkretebulia agreTve, rom imisaTvis, rom<br />

mewarme hqondes Tavisi nawarmis usafrTxoebis<br />

mtkicebis sxvadasxva saSualebebs Soris arCevanis<br />

SesaZlebloba, produqciis bazarze gatanamde misi<br />

yovelgvari winaswari savalebulo Semowmeba an<br />

nebarTvis gacemis procedura unda gauqmdes. Tumca<br />

erovnul organoebs sruli ufleba aqvT Seamowmon<br />

bazarze ganTavsebuli produqcia da Tu aRmoCnda,<br />

rom produqcia usafrTxo ar aris, amoiRon igi<br />

bazridan (an, Tu aseTi informacia winaswar aqvT, _<br />

ar dauSvan produqcia bazarze).<br />

am rezoluciis safuZvelze dRemde 20-<br />

mde tipis saqonlis usafrTxoebis arsebiTi<br />

moTxovnebis da am usafrTxoebis Semowmebadadasturebis<br />

procedurebis aRmweri direqtivebi<br />

momzadda. maTi CamonaTvali statiis danarTSia<br />

2. Council Resolution of 7 May 1985 on a new approach to technical<br />

harmonization and standards<br />

3. sainteresoa produqciis “usafrTxoebis” ganmarteba,<br />

romelsac rezolucia gvTavazobs: bazarze unda ganTavsdes<br />

mxolod iseTi produqcia, romelic, saTanado montaJis da<br />

movla-patronobis, agreTve daniSnulebisamebr gamoyenebis<br />

pirobebSi ar warmoadgens saSiSroebas adamianebisTvis, Sinauri<br />

cxovelebisTvis an nivTebisTvis.<br />

5

# 108 biuleteni<br />

mocemuli. aq gvinda kidev erTxel ganvmartoT,<br />

Tu ra gansxvavebaa konkretul direqtivaSi<br />

Camoyalibebul usafrTxoebis moTxovnebsa da mis<br />

safuZvelze SemuSavebul standartebs Soris: `axali<br />

midgomis~ direqtiva, rogorc wesi, produqtis<br />

teqnikur aRwerilobas ki ar iZleva, aramed<br />

ayalibebs zogad moTxovnebs nawarmis dizainisadmi<br />

(magram ar gvTavazobs konkretul gadawyvetas).<br />

produqciis standartebs ki es zogadi moTxovnebi<br />

ufro konkretuli, teqnikuri aRwerilobis doneze<br />

dahyavs.<br />

magaliTad, axali midgomis erT-erTi<br />

direqtiva manqana-danadgarebis usafrTxoebas<br />

aregulirebs 4 . direqtivis 30-gverdian danarTSi<br />

CamoTvlilia manqana-danadgarebis usafrTxoebis<br />

arsebiTi moTxovnebi, magaliTad iseTi,<br />

rogoricaa:<br />

• danadgars unda eweros misi dasaxeleba da<br />

daniSnuleba, agreTve usafrTxo moxmarebisTvis<br />

saWiro informacia/miTiTebebi;<br />

• danadgars Tan unda axldes amomwuravi<br />

instruqcia;<br />

• danadgari moulodnelad ar unda gaeSvas;<br />

• SesaZlebeli unda iyos danadgaris swrafi<br />

da usafrTxo gamorTva da es gamosarTavi iolad<br />

misagnebi unda iyos<br />

• operators unda hqondes sakmarisi adgili<br />

moZraobisTvis;<br />

• operatoris ganTavsebis adgili iseTi<br />

unda iyos, rom mas gamonabolqvi airis sunTqva ar<br />

uxdebodes;<br />

moTxovnebs akmayofilebs~. es ganmarteba sakmaod<br />

bundovania, amitom praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT<br />

mniSvnelovania debuleba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor<br />

mowmdeba produqciis `usafrTxoeba~. bunebrivia,<br />

aq pirvel planze `axali midgomis~ direqtivebTan<br />

da Sesabamis standartebTan Sesabamisoba gamodis.<br />

magram Tu konkretuli produqciisTvis aseTi<br />

dokumentebi ar arsebobs, produqciis usafrTxoba<br />

fasdeba misi SesabamisobiT:<br />

• evrokavSiris rekomendaciebTan am<br />

tipis produqciis usafrTxoebis SefasebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT;<br />

5<br />

• erovnul standartTan, romelic evropul<br />

standarts ar Seesabameba;<br />

• kargi praqtikis magaliTebTan (usafrTxoebis<br />

kuTxiT);<br />

• teqnologiis Tanamedrove donesTan;<br />

• momxmarebelTa<br />

(usafrTxoebis kuTxiT).<br />

molodinebTan<br />

rogorc aRvniSneT, `axali midgomis~<br />

rezoluciiT aikrZala bazarze daSvebisTvis<br />

nawarmis winaswari savaldebulo Semowmeba sajaro<br />

organoebis mier. sanacvlod, mwarmoebels daevala<br />

uzrunvelyos, rom mis mier bazarze ganTavsebuli<br />

nawarmi usafrTxo iyos, anu usafrTxoebis arsebiT<br />

moTxovnebs akmayofilebdes. usafrTxoebis moTxovnebisadmi<br />

produqciis Sesabamisobis dadasturebis<br />

(atestaciis) misaReb saSualebebad<br />

daSvebuli iqna:<br />

• sertificireba da Sesabamisi niSnis dasma<br />

damoukidebeli organos mier;<br />

•<br />

cvla;<br />

SesaZlebeli unda iyos muSaobis siCqaris<br />

• Semowmeba (testireba) damoukidebeli<br />

organos mier;<br />

• ar unda iyos xanZris gaCenis an afeTqebis<br />

saSiSroeba;<br />

da a.S.<br />

im produqciisTvis, romlisTvisac `axali<br />

midgomis~ direqtivebi jer ar SemuSavebula,<br />

usafrTxoebis moTxovnebs 92/59/EEC direqtiva<br />

aregulirebs. formaluri ganmartebiT produqcia<br />

iTvleba `usafrTxod~, Tuki normalur (an<br />

winaswar gaTvlad) pirobebSi misi gamoyeneba<br />

sarisko ar aris, an `produqciis xasiaTTan<br />

SedarebiT minimaluri riskis matarebelia~ da<br />

`usafrTxoebis da janmrTelobis dacvis mkacr<br />

4. direqtiva 98/37/EC, romelic 2006 wels Seicvala 2006/42/EC<br />

direqtiviT<br />

• Sesabamisobis Sefaseba da deklarireba<br />

Tavad mwarmoeblis mier;<br />

• sxva meTodi, romelic konkretuli<br />

produqciis usafrTxoebis moTxovnebis damdgen<br />

direqtivaSi SeiZleba iyos miTiTebuli.<br />

rezoluciaSi zogadad deklarirebul<br />

am procedurebs cxovrebaSi gasatareblad<br />

meti dakonkreteba esaWiroeboda. 1989 wels<br />

Tanamegobrobam miiRo rezolucia Sesabamisobis<br />

Sefasebisadmi globaluri midgomis Sesaxeb 6 . 1990 ki<br />

5. igulisxmeba is qveyana, sadac produqciis gayidva xdeba<br />

6. Council Resolution of 21 December 1989 on a global approach to conformity<br />

assessment<br />

6

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

wels am rezoluciis Sesasruleblad miRebuli iqna<br />

93/465/EEC gadawyvetileba, romliTac dadginda<br />

usafrTxoebis moTxovnebisadmi produqciis<br />

Sesabamisobis dadasturebis ramodenime alternatiuli<br />

sqema (moduli), romlTa Soris mewarmes<br />

aqvs arCevanis Tavisufleba 7 (ix. cxrili #1 da<br />

diagrama 1).<br />

unda aRiniSnos, rom `axali midgomis~<br />

koncefcia da Sesabamisi direqtivebi adgens im<br />

moTxovnebs, romelsac nawarmi unda akmayofilebdes<br />

imisTvis, rom bazarze iqnes daSvebuli. praqtikaSi<br />

es direqtivebi aqtualuria axali, an seriozulad<br />

modificirebuli produqciisTvis. rac Seexeba<br />

bazarze ukve arsebuli produqciis kontrols, am<br />

sakiTxs aregulirebs 1992 wlis 92/59/EEC direqtiva<br />

produqciis zogadi usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb 8 .<br />

92/59/EEC direqtivis mixedviT,<br />

Tanamegobrobis qveynebi valdebulni arian<br />

Seqmnan bazarze ganTavsebuli produqciis<br />

momxmareblisTvis usafrTxoebis Semmowmebeli<br />

sajaro organo. darRvevebis (anu safrTxis<br />

Semcveli produqciis) aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi am<br />

organos damrRvevis dasjis uflebamosilebac<br />

unda gaaCndes. damrRvevis dasjis RonisZiebebi<br />

unda iyos efeqturi (Sedegiani 9 ) da adekvaturi<br />

(proporciuli).<br />

direqtivaSi miTiTebulia, Tu konkretulad<br />

ra uflebamosilebani unda gaaCndeT produqciis<br />

usafrTxoebis Semmowmebel organoebs. maT unda<br />

SeeZloT:<br />

1. Seamowmon bazarze ganTavsebuli<br />

nebismieri produqciis Tvisebebi usafrTxoebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT, amoiRon bazridan produqciis<br />

nimuSebi da Cautaron maT saTanado testebi,<br />

agreTve moiTxovon yvela saWiro informacia<br />

saTanado pirebisgan;<br />

2. im SemTxvevaSi Tu produqcia garkveul<br />

pirobebSi SesaZloa sarisko iyos:<br />

• moiTxovon, rom produqcias gaaCndes<br />

mkafio da iolad gasagebi gamafrTxilebeli<br />

warwera am qveynis oficialur enaze;<br />

• ar dauSvan nawarmi bazarze, sanam igi<br />

srulebiT usafrTxo ar gaxdeba;<br />

3. im nawarmisTvis, romelic SesaZloa<br />

momxmarebelTa garkveuli jgufisTvis iyos<br />

7. Tumca konkretuli produqciis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis<br />

direqtivebiT es CamonaTvali zogjer SezRudulia<br />

8. 2001 wels Seicvala 2001/95/EC direqtiviT<br />

9. im gagebiT, rom damrRvevs gauqres ganmeorebis survili<br />

sarisko: moiTxovon, rom momxmarebelTa es jgufi<br />

droulad da saTanadod gafrTxilebuli iyos am<br />

riskis Sesaxeb;<br />

4. im nawarmisTvis, romelic SesaZloa saxifaTo<br />

iyos: usafrTxoebis Semowmebis periodSi droebiT<br />

akrZalon aseTi produqciis miwodeba, SeTavazeba<br />

da reklama;<br />

5. saxifaTo nawarmisTvis: akrZalon misi<br />

bazarze ganTavseba da miiRon yvela saWiro zoma am<br />

akrZalvis ganxorcielebisTvis; xolo Tu saxifaTo<br />

nawarmi ukve ganTavsebulia bazarze:<br />

• moiTxovon an organizeba gauwion<br />

mis dauyovnebliv amoRebas bazridan da<br />

momxmarebelTa gafrTxilebas am nawarmTan<br />

dakavSirebuli saSiSroebis Sesaxeb;<br />

• moiTxovon, an koordinireba<br />

gauwion an, Tu saWiroa, organizeba gauwion,<br />

mwarmoebelTan da distributorTan erTad,<br />

momxmareblisgan produqciis ukan gamoTxovas<br />

da Sesabamis pirobebSi mis ganadgurebas.<br />

bazris srulfasovani monitoringisTvis unda<br />

arsebobdes produqciis Semowmebis seqtoruli<br />

programebi produqciis kategoriebis da saSiSroebebis<br />

mixedviT; unda xorcieldebodes<br />

Tavad am Semowmebis procedurebis monitoringi,<br />

perioduli Sefaseba da daxvewa; momxmareblebs<br />

an sxva dainteresebul mxareebs unda<br />

hqondeT SesaZlebloba waradginon saCivrebi<br />

makontrolebeli organoebis saqmianobis Taobaze.<br />

yvela im SemTxvevaSi, roca Tanamegobrobis<br />

wevri qveynis makontrolebeli organo miiRebs<br />

gadawyvetilebas raime nawarmis bazarze ardaSvebis,<br />

an bazridan amoRebis an momxmareblidan<br />

gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, man unda gaugzavnos Sesabamisi<br />

Setyobineba evrokomisias, romelic informaciis<br />

swrafi gacvlis sistemis (RAPEX) meSveobiT<br />

awvdis mas Tanamegobrobis yvela qveynis saTanado<br />

organoebs, raTa maTac droulad SeZlon Sesabamisi<br />

zomebis miReba.<br />

gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT erT momentze:<br />

rogorc aRvniSneT, axali midgomis Tanaxmad<br />

mewarme ar aris valdebuli nawarmis bazarze<br />

ganTavsebisTvis raime nebarTa aiRos. magram igi<br />

valdebulia, nawarmis bazarze ganTavsebamde<br />

Seamowmos misi Sesabamisoba usafrTxoebis<br />

moTxovnebisadmi, iqonios am Sesabamisobis<br />

damadasturebeli dokumentacia da dausvas<br />

nawarms Sesabamisobis niSani. SeiZleba daisvas<br />

kiTxva, ratom Seiwuxebs Tavs mewarme Sesabamisobis<br />

deklaraciis momzadebaze produqciis bazarze<br />

ganTavsebamde, Tuki ganTavsebisTvis am deklaraciis<br />

wardgena raime sajaro organoSi saWiro ar aris<br />

7

# 108 biuleteni<br />

saqme imaSia, rom bazris Semmowmebel erovnul<br />

organoebs yovel momentSi aqvT ufleba Seamowmon<br />

mewarmis mier bazarze ganTavsebuli produqciis<br />

usafrTxoeba da amisaTvis maT ufleba aqvT<br />

moiTxovon mewarmisgan usafrTxoebaze Semowmebis<br />

damadasturebeli dokumentacia. Tu aseTi<br />

dokumentacia dauyovnebliv ar iqna warmodgenili,<br />

mewarme dadanaSaulebuli iqneba imaSi, rom mas ar<br />

gaumzadebia es dokumentacia produqciis bazarze<br />

ganTavsebamde, rac kanonmdeblobis darRvevaa da<br />

mewarmes seriozuli jarimebis gadaxda mouwevs.<br />

garda amisa, Tu produqciis usafrTxoebis mis<br />

mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi sakmarisad<br />

damajerebeli ar iqna, bazris Semmowmebeli organo<br />

wamoiwyebs produqciis testireba-Semowmebis<br />

procedurebs, romelTa mimdinareobis periodSi<br />

droebiT SeCerdeba am produqciis daSveba bazarze.<br />

bunebrivia, mewarmes es mdgomareoba seriozul<br />

zarals uqadis. amitom cdiloben mewarmeebi,<br />

rom maTi produqciis usafrTxoeba rac SeiZleba<br />

avtoritetuli sasertifikacio organos mier iyos<br />

dadasturebuli. Tumca, ra Tqma unda, Tuki bazris<br />

Semmowmebel organos gauCndeba eWvi produqciis<br />

usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebiT, arc erTi organos<br />

sertifikati misTvis ar warmoadgens Seferxebas<br />

Semowebis CatarebisTvis. bunebrivia avtoritetuli<br />

sertifikatis mqone produqcia saSualod ufro<br />

iSviaTad mowmdeba, vidre sxva produqcia. amdenad,<br />

miuxedavad siZvirisa, mewarmeebi dainteresebulni<br />

arian avtoritetuli organizaciebis mier TavianTi<br />

produqciis usafrTxoebis sertificirebaSi.<br />

sursaTis uvnebloba<br />

gansakuTrebul SemTxvevas warmoadgens<br />

sursaTi. sursaTis kontrols aregulirebs<br />

direqtiva 89/397/EEC 10 . am direqtivis mixedviT<br />

sursaTi eqvemdebareba inspeqtirebas ara<br />

mxolod bazarze ganTavsebis Semdeg, aramed misi<br />

warmoebis (an importis), gadamuSavebis, Senaxvis,<br />

transportirebis, distribuciis da gayidvis<br />

nebismier etapze. Semowmeba xorcieldeba winaswari<br />

Setyobinebis gareSe da moicavs daTvalierebas,<br />

nimuSebis amoRebas da analizs, momsaxure personalis<br />

higienis Semowmebas, dokumentaciis Semowmebas<br />

da aslebis gadaRebas, sawarmos Sida kontrolis<br />

sistemebis Semowmebas da maTi monacemebis Seswavlas.<br />

Semowmebas eqvemdebareba:<br />

• sawarmos teritoria, Senobebi, garemo,<br />

satransporto saSualebebi, manqana-danadgarebi,<br />

mowyobilobebi;<br />

• sursaTis momzadebisTvis da warmoebisTvis<br />

gamoyenebuli nedleuli, ingredientebi,<br />

10. 2008 wlis 1 ianvridan mis magivrad amoqmedda 882/2004<br />

regulacia.<br />

teqnologiuri danamatebi;<br />

• naxevarfabrikatebi;<br />

• mza produqcia;<br />

• sursaTTan kontaqtSi mosuli an aseTi<br />

kontaqtisTvis gamiznuli masalebi;<br />

• masalebi da procesebi, romelic gamoiyeneba<br />

dasufTavebisTvis an remontisTvis, pesticidebi;<br />

• sursaTis momzadebis an warmoebis<br />

procesebi;<br />

• sursaTis etiketireba da wardgena;<br />

• Senaxvis/prezervaciis meTodebi.<br />

damatebiT SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes<br />

gasaubrebebi sawarmos xelmZRvanelTan da<br />

TanamSromlebTan; sawarmoSi arsebuli gamzomi<br />

instrumentebis Cvenebebis aReba; kompetenturi<br />

organos mier saTanado gazomvebis Catareba maT<br />

mier motanili, an sawarmoSi arsebuli xelsawyoebis<br />

meSveobiT. yvela piri valdebulia xeli Seuwyos<br />

inspeqtors mis muSaobaSi. Tumca, ra Tqma unda,<br />

inspeqtoris mier arasaTanado qmedebis SemTxvevaSi 11<br />

mewarmes aqvs Civilis ufleba.<br />

mniSvnelovania agreTve 178/2002 regulacia,<br />

romliTac sursaTis warmoebis, gavrcelebis<br />

da gayidvis sferoSi moqmed operatorebs<br />

ekisrebaT damatebiTi valebuleba sursaTis<br />

da misi Semcveli komponentebis mikvlevadobis<br />

uzrunvelyofisTvis, raTa bazarze safrTxis<br />

Semcveli produqciis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi<br />

SesaZlebeli iyos pirvelwyaros swrafi migneba<br />

da saSiSorebis aRmofxvra. am mizniT sursaTis<br />

sferoSi moqmedi operatorebi valdebulni arian<br />

zedmiwevniT arRicxon, Tu visgan miiRes sursaTi<br />

an sursaTis warmoebaSi gamoyenebuli esa Tu is<br />

ingredienti da vis miawodes Tavisi nawarmi. isini<br />

valdebulni arian, moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, mTeli<br />

es informacia saTanado organoebs miawodon 12 .<br />

garda amisa, bazarze ganTavsebul sursaTs unda<br />

gaaCndes saTanado warwerebi, misi mwarmoeblis<br />

iolad identificirebisa da moZebnisaTvis.<br />

sajaro kontrolis aRwerili procedurebis<br />

ganxorcielebisas sakvebis usafrTxoebis<br />

ramodenime maxasiaTebeli mowmdeba. maT Soris<br />

sakvebis higienis moTxovnebis <strong>dacva</strong>, sakveb<br />

11. zogadad inspeqtirebis organoebi unda moqmedebdnen EN<br />

45004 standartis Sesabamisad<br />

12. garda amisa, sursaTis yvela operatori specialuri<br />

proceduriT registrirebuli unda iyos.<br />

8

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

produqtebSi (an naxevarfabrikatebSi) danamatebis,<br />

an narCenebis/dambinZureblebis arseboba da maTi<br />

koncentracia, agreTve sakvebTan SexebaSi myofi<br />

masalebi. Tavis mxriv es maxasiaTeblebi agreTve<br />

kanonmdeblobiT aris daregulirebuli:<br />

sakvebis higienis moTxovnebi dRes<br />

ganisazRvreba (EC)852/2004 regulaciiT 13 ,<br />

romlebic sasursaTo biznesis yvela stadias<br />

moicavs, pirveladi warmoebidan mis gayidvamde.<br />

rac Seexeba sakvebi produqciis Semcvelobas,<br />

am sferoSi Tanamegobrobis kanonmdeblobiT<br />

detalurad reglamentirebulia sakvebSi gemos,<br />

feris, sunis, an sxva Tvisebebis Secvlis mizniT<br />

daSvebuli danamatebi da maTi koncentracia<br />

saboloo produqtSi, sxvadasxva dambinZurebel<br />

nivTierebaTa an damuSavebis narCenebis daSvebuli<br />

koncentraciebi sakveb produqtebSi, sakvebis<br />

radiaqtiuli dabinZureba, aseve damokidebuleba<br />

genmodificirebuli organizmebis gamoyenebiT<br />

miRebul sasursaTo produqciasTan. evrokavSirSi<br />

dRes sakvebis usafrTxo Semcvelobis ganmsazRvreli<br />

moqmedi ZiriTadi aqtebis CamonaTvali ixileT II<br />

danarTSi.<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba: standartizacia<br />

da sertifikacia<br />

sabWoTa kavSirSi produqciis usafrTxoeba<br />

uzrunvelyofili iyo daxuruli bazriT<br />

da yvela nawarmis Sesabamisi `gost~-ebisTvis<br />

savaldebulo Sesabamisobis moTxovniT. inerciiT<br />

standartebisadmi igive midgoma gagrZelda sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris daSlis Semdegac. `samewarmeo safuZvlebis<br />

Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos respublikis 1991 wlis 25<br />

ivlisis kanonis mixedviT mewarme pasuxs agebs<br />

Sesabamisi standartebis pirobebis darRvevisaTvis.<br />

`saqarTvelos respublikaSi standartizaciisa<br />

da sertifikaciis Sesaxeb~ saxelmwifos meTauris<br />

1994 wlis 17 ianvris #7 brZanebulebis mixedviT:<br />

`standartebis moTxovnebi savaldebuloa yvela ...<br />

pirisTvis, romelic SeimuSavebs, amzadebs, awvdis<br />

(realizacias ukeTebs), SeakeTebs produqcias da<br />

asrulebs samuSaoebs (momsaxurebas) 14 . `produqciis<br />

SemuSaveba, warmoeba, miwodeba, realizacia, Senaxva,<br />

gadazidva, gamoyeneba, eqspluatacia da SekeTeba,<br />

samuSaoebis (momsaxurebis) Sesruleba standartebis<br />

moTxovnebis darRveviT ... akrZalulia~ 15 .<br />

13. cxoveluri warmoSobis sursaTisTvis damatebiT moqmedebs<br />

(EC)853/2004, (EC)854/2004 regulaciebi da 2002/99/EC direqtiva<br />

14. “saqarTvelos respublikaSi standartizaciisa da sertifikaciis<br />

Sesaxeb” saxelmwifos meTauris 1994 wlis 17 ianvris brZanebuleba<br />

#7, muxli 7, punqti 4, nawili 2<br />

15 iqve, muxli 10, p. 2<br />

Tumca Semdgom brZanebulebaSi<br />

dakonkretebulia, rom savaldebuloa saxelmwifo<br />

standartebis mxolod is moTxovnebi, romlebic<br />

uzrunvelyofen adamianis sicocxlesa da<br />

usafrTxoebas, garemos <strong>dacva</strong>s, SeTavsebadobas,<br />

urTierTSenacvlebadobas,<br />

resursebis<br />

momWirneobas, SefuTvis da niSandebis wesebs da<br />

savaldebulo wesebTan Sesabamisobis kontrolis<br />

meTodebs, xolo moTxovnebi, romlebic produqciis<br />

xarisxis samomxmareblo maxasiaTeblebs adgenen,<br />

sarekomendacio xasiaTisaa.<br />

brZanebulebiT dadginda standartebis<br />

moTxovnasTan produqciis an sawarmoo procesis<br />

Sesabamisobis dadgenis proceduris (sertifikaciis)<br />

ori saxe: savaldebulo da nebayoflobiTi<br />

sertifikacia.<br />

“saqarTvelos teritoriaze produqciis<br />

realizacia, romelic eqvemdebareba savaldebulo<br />

sertifikacias, Sesabamisobis serTifikatis gareSe<br />

akrZalulia”. 16<br />

“savaldebulo sertifikacia tardeba<br />

standartebisa da sxva normatiuli dokumentebis<br />

im savaldebulo moTxovnebis Sesabamisobaze,<br />

romlebic uzrunvelyofen produqciis<br />

usafrTxoebas, adamianis sicocxlis, janmrTelobas,<br />

moqalaqeebis qonebisa da garemos <strong>dacva</strong>s.<br />

produqcia, romelic eqvemdebareba savaldebulo<br />

serTifikacias, ganisazRvreba standartebis<br />

savaldebulo moTxovnebis Sesabamisad<br />

an saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa<br />

kabinetis mier dadgenili nusxis mixedviT” 17<br />

1994 wlis 29 agvistos saqarTvelos ministrTa<br />

kabinetma miiRo aseTi dadgenileba, romliTac<br />

savaldebulo sertifikacias daqvemdebarebuli<br />

produqciis nusxa ganisazRvra. es nusxa praqtikulad<br />

mTel samomxmareblo saqonels moicavda: Tambaqos,<br />

alkoholur sasmelebs, praqtikulad yvela<br />

sasursaTo nawarms, eleqtroteqnikur saqonels,<br />

xelsawyoebs, tansacmels, fexsacmels, samkurnalo<br />

saSualebebs, samSeneblo masalebs da aS. (ix. danarTi<br />

III).<br />

savaldebulo sertificirebis gavlis<br />

moTxovnis da standartebis savaldebulo<br />

moTxovnebTan produqciis Sesabamisobis <strong>dacva</strong><br />

administraciulad uzrunvelyofili iyo<br />

standartizaciis, metrologiisa da sertifikaciis<br />

departamentisadmi centraluri mmarTvelobis<br />

16. iqve, muxli 24<br />

17. iqve, muxli 23, punqti 1<br />

9

# 108 biuleteni<br />

organos statusis 18 miniWebiT, romelsac<br />

ufleba hqonda ganexorcielebina saxelwifo<br />

zedamxedveloba standartebis moTxovnebis<br />

<strong>dacva</strong>ze produqciis SemuSavebis, warmoebis,<br />

miwodeba/realizaciis, Senaxvis, gadazidvis,<br />

eqspluataciis da SekeTebis stadiebze, agreTve<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis arsebobaze.<br />

standartebis moTxovnebisadmi produqciis<br />

Seusabamobis aRmoCenisas departaments SeeZlo 19 :<br />

• gaeca miweriloba darRvevis aRmosafxvrelad;<br />

• aekrZala produqciis realizacia da<br />

gamoyeneba;<br />

• SeeCerebina Sesabamisobis sertifikatis<br />

moqmedeba da Sesabamisi niSnis gamoyenebis ufleba;<br />

• daewesebina damrRvevisTvis jarimebi da<br />

sxva ekonomikuri sanqciebi;<br />

• aReZra saqme sasamarTloSi an arbitraJSi.<br />

sagadasaxado inspeqciis 1994 wlis 13<br />

maisis brZanebiT dadginda agreTve jarimebi<br />

standartebis darRvevisTvis. kerZod, iuridiuli<br />

pirebi, romlebmac moaxdines iseTi produqciis<br />

realizacia, an iseTi momsaxurebis gaweva, romelic<br />

standarts ar Seesabameba, valdebulni iyvnen am<br />

produqciis an momsaxurebis sruli Rirebuleba<br />

jarimis saxiT saxelmwifo biujetSi gadaericxaT.<br />

jarimis dakisreba standartizaciis, metrologiis<br />

da sertifikaciis departamentis miwerilobiT<br />

xorcieldeboda da amoRebuli jarimis 20% amave<br />

departamentis angariSze gadairicxeboda 20 .<br />

saqonlis sertifikaciis ganxorcieleba damoukidebeli<br />

sasertifikacio organoebis kompetenciaSi<br />

Sedioda, romelTa akreditacias standartizaciis,<br />

metrologiisa da sertifikaciis departamenti<br />

axorcielebda 21 . Tumca, `aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi`<br />

departaments sertificirebis Catarebis da<br />

18. saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1994 wlis 16<br />

martis 159 dadgenileba, muxli 1<br />

19. “saqarTvelos respublikaSi standartizaciisa da sertifikaciis<br />

Sesaxeb” saxelmwifos meTauris 1994 wlis 17 ianvris #7<br />

brZanebuleba, muxlebi 15-16, agreTve saqarTvelos respublikis<br />

ministrTa kabinetis 1994 wlis 29 agvistor #604 dadgenileba<br />

„standartebsa da gazomvis saSualebebze saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis<br />

Sesaxeb“<br />

20. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTauris 1995 wlis 13 seqtembris<br />

#353 brZanebuleba „saqarTvelos respublikaSi standartizaciis,<br />

metrologiisa da sertifikaciis ganviTarebis xelSewyobisa<br />

da finansuri uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb“<br />

21. saqarTvelos respublikis ministrTa kabinetis 1994 wlis 16<br />

martis 159 dadgenilebiT damtkicebuli debuleba, muxli II,<br />

p.21<br />

sertifikatis gacemis uflebac gaaCnda 22 .<br />

aRniSnuli aqtebis aRwerili debulebebi<br />

(garda jarimebisa) TiTqmis ucvlelad gadavida<br />

1996 wlis 6 seqtembris kanonebSi `standartizaciis<br />

Sesaxeb~ da `produqciis da momsaxurebis<br />

sertifikaciis Sesaxeb~, agreTve 1996 wlis 20 martis<br />

kanonSi `momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb~.<br />

`produqciis da momsaxurebis sertifikaciis<br />

Sesaxeb` 1996 wlis 6 seqtembris kanonis mixedviT<br />

savaldebulo sertifikacias daqvemdebarebuli<br />

produqciis nusxis Sedgenis ufleba mieca rogorc<br />

saqstandarts, aseve aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis<br />

nebismier organos. 1997-2000 wlebSi aRmasrulebeli<br />

xelisuflebis sxvadasxva organoebis mier<br />

miRebuli iqna ramodenime normatiuli aqti 23 ,<br />

romliTac savaldebulo sertifikacias daqvemdebarebuli<br />

produqciisa da momsaxurebis<br />

nusxa seriozulad gaizarda. 2000 wlis 14 ivniss<br />

saqarTvelo msoflio savaWro organizaciis<br />

wevri gaxda da sxva valdebulebebTan erTad<br />

savaldebulo standartizaciidan nebayoflobiT<br />

standartizaciasa da sertifikaciaze gadasvlis 24<br />

22. iqve, muxli III, p.12<br />

23. esenia magaliTad:<br />

esenia magaliTad:<br />

• saqarTvelos urbanizaciisa da mSeneblobis saministrosa da<br />

saqstandartis 1997 wlis 20 oqtombers N75/125 erToblivi<br />

brZaneba “savaldebulo sertifikacias daqvemdebarebuli<br />

samSeneblo masalebis, konstruqciisa Dda sxva samSeneblo<br />

produqciis nusxis damtkicebis Sesaxeb”<br />

• saqarTvelos turizmisa da kurortebis saxelmwifo departamentisa<br />

da saqarTvelos standartizaciis, metrologiisa<br />

da sertifikaciis saxelmwifo departamentis 1998 wlis 4<br />

maiss N69/122 erToblivi brZaneba “saqarTveloSi turistuli<br />

da sastumro momsaxurebaze savaldebulo sertifikaciis<br />

SemoRebis Sesaxeb”<br />

• saqarTvelos transportisa da komunikaciebis saministrosa<br />

da saqarTvelos standartizaciis, metrologiisa da ser-<br />

Tifikaciis saxelmwifo departamentis 1998 wlis 18 maiss<br />

N28/176 erToblivi brZaneba “saqarTveloSi saavtomobilo<br />

transportSi momsaxurebaze savaldebulo sertifikaciis<br />

etapobrivad SemoRebis Sesaxeb”<br />

• “saqarTvelos teritoriaze savaldebulo sertifikaciis<br />

daqvemdebarebuli saqonlis Semotanis samuSaoTa organizaciis<br />

srulyofis Sesaxeb”. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo<br />

sabaJo departamentisa da saqarTvelos standartizaciis,<br />

metrologiisa da sertifikaciis saxelmwifo departamentis<br />

1998 wlis 27 aprilis N45/78 erToblivi brZanebis me-2<br />

danarTi “saqarTveloSi Semotanili savaldebulo sertifikacias<br />

daqvemdebarebuli saqonlis CamonaTvali”<br />

• saqarTvelos standartizaciis, metrologiisa da serTifikaciis<br />

saxelmwifo departamentis Tavjdomaris 2000 wlis<br />

8 Tebervlis N16 brZaneba “saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis momsaxurebaze<br />

savaldebulo sertifikaciis SemoRebis Sesaxeb”<br />

24. msoflio savaWro organizaciis wevrobasTan dakavSirebul<br />

valdebulebaTa es interpretacia aRebulia 2002 wlis 27 ivnisis<br />

saqarTvelos prezidentis #313 brZanebulebidan „saqarTvelo-<br />

Si savaldebulo sertifikaciidan nebayoflobiT sertifikaciaze<br />

etapobrivad gadasvlis RonisZiebata Sesaxeb“.<br />

10

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

valdebuleba aiRo. am valdebulebisSesrulebis<br />

mizniT 2002 wlis 8 agvistos damtkicebul<br />

savaldebulo sertifikacias daqvemdebarebul<br />

produqciis da momsaxurebis axal nusxaSi 25 calke<br />

CamoTvlilia produqcia, romlis Sesabamisobis<br />

dasadastureblad sertificireba savaldebulo<br />

ar aris _ sanacvlod sakmarisia Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb<br />

(mwarmoeblis) deklaracia.<br />

standartebisadmi damokidebulebis<br />

seriozuli cvla saqarTveloSi 2005 wels daiwyo.<br />

am wlis 24 ivniss `produqciis da momsaxurebis<br />

Sesaxeb~ da `standartizaciis Sesaxeb~ kanonebSi<br />

Sevida Sesworebebi, ramac srulebiT Secvala am<br />

kanonebis arsi. kerZod, Semotanili iqna Semdegi<br />

novaciebi:<br />

1. gauqmda standartebis savaldebulo da<br />

arasavaldebulo nawilebis cneba da standarti<br />

erTmniSvnelovnad da mTlianad arasavaldebulo<br />

gamoyenebis dokumentad gamocxadda 26 . standartis<br />

SemuSavebis ufleba nebismier pirs aqvs. `standartis~<br />

statusis miniWebisTvis sakmarisia dokumentis<br />

aseTad registracia saqarTvelos standartebis,<br />

teqnikuri reglamentebisa da metrologiis<br />

erovnul saagentoSi.<br />

2. SesrulebisTvis savaldebulo teqnikuri<br />

Sinaarsis normatiuli dokumentebis<br />

aRsaniSnavad dafuZnda termini `teqnikuri<br />

regla menti” 27 .standartebisgan gansxvavebiT<br />

teq nikur reglamentebs aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis<br />

an damoukidebeli maregulirebeli<br />

organoebi SeimuSaveben da normatiuli aqtebis<br />

damtkicebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli proceduriT<br />

amtkiceben. kanonis mixedviT teqnikuri<br />

reglamentebi<br />

produqciis/momsaxurebis<br />

usafrTxoebis mizniT miiReba da misi gamoyeneba<br />

25. 2002 wlis 8 agvistos saqarTvelos transportisa da komunikaciebis<br />

ministris, saqarTvelos urbanizaciisa da mSeneblobis<br />

ministris, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris, saqarTvelos<br />

turizmisa da kurortebis saxelmwifo departamentis Tavmjdomaris,<br />

saqarTvelos standartizaciis, metrologiisa da sertifikaciis<br />

saxelmwifo departamentis Tavmjdomaris erToblivi<br />

brZaneba N 230 “saqarTveloSi savaldebulo sertifikacias<br />

daqvemdebarebuli produqciis da momsaxurebis nusxis damtkicebis<br />

Taobaze”<br />

26. kanoni „standartizaciis Sesaxeb, muxli 2, p. „a“<br />

ar unda qmnides teqnikur bariers saerTaSoriso<br />

vaWrobisTvis.<br />

3. mkafiod ganimarta, rom sertifikaciis,<br />

anu Sesabamisobis Sefasebis procesi, garda<br />

standartebis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobisa, aseve<br />

teqnikur reglamentebTan Sesabamisobis Sefasebac<br />

moicavs.<br />

4. savaldebulo sertifikacia daSvebuli<br />

iqna mxolod kanoniT pirdapir gansazRvrul<br />

SemTxvevebSi 28 .<br />

5. srulebiT axleburad daregulirda<br />

produqciis usafrTxoebis da bazarze daSvebis<br />

sakiTxebi. kanonis midgomebi am sakiTxebSi<br />

evropis `axal midgomas~ waagavs 29 , Tumca arsebobs<br />

mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi. kerZod, qarTuli<br />

`axali midgoma~ SemdegSi mdgomareobs:<br />

i. iseve, rogorc evrokavSirSi, bazarze<br />

ganTavsebuli produqciis usafrTxoeba uzrunvelyofilia<br />

mewarmis zogadi valdebulebiT<br />

(pasuxismgeblobiT), rom mis mier bazarze gan-<br />

Tavsebuli produqcia momxmareblisTvis usafrTxo<br />

iyos, xolo nawarmis im tipebisTvis, romlisTvisac<br />

SemoRebulia teqnikuri reglamentebi an<br />

sxva savaldebulo normebi da wesebi, mewarme<br />

valdebulia uzrunvelyos, rom misi produqcia<br />

am moTxovnebs Seesabamebodes. raime nebarTva,<br />

Semowmeba, sertifikati an bazarze daSvebis<br />

sxvagvari savaldebulo procedura ar arsebobs.<br />

kanonis axali redaqciia saqarTvelos farglebSi<br />

produqciis teqnikur reglamentTan<br />

28. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom ZalaSi darCa “momxmarebelTa<br />

uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb” kanonis me-3 muxli, romlis mixedviT:<br />

“produqcia, romelzec sakanonmdeblo aqtebiTa da standartebiT<br />

gansazRvrulia moTxovnebi, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyos<br />

momxmareblis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis, garemos usafrTxoeba,<br />

agreTve momxmareblis qonebisTvis zianis miyenebis Tavidan<br />

acilebis aucilebeli pirobebi, eqvemdebareba savaldebulo<br />

sertifikacias<br />

ikrZaleba saqonlis (maT Soris importulis) realizeba, samuSaoTa<br />

Sesruleba da momsaxurebis gaweva am punqtis pirvel<br />

abzacSi miTiTebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisobis damadasturebeli<br />

sertifikaciis gareSe. saqarTvelos teritoriaze saqonlis<br />

Semosatanad nebarTvis safuZveli sabaJo organoebSi wardgenili<br />

sertifikati, romelsac gascems an cnobs saqarTvelos<br />

saTanado rwmunebis mqone organo”<br />

27. saqarTvelos Tanamedrove kanonmdeblobaSi termini<br />

“teqnkuri reglamenti” Semovida 1999 wlis 25 ivnisis kanoniT<br />

“standartizaciis Sesaxeb”. kanonis mixedviT es iyo samarTlebrivi<br />

aqti, romelic gansazRvravda produqciis an momsaxurebis<br />

savaldebulo teqnikur maxasiaTeblebs uSualod, an standartebze<br />

miTiTebiT. Tumca, amave dros Tavad stanradtebic<br />

miiCneoda “nawilobriv savaldebulo” dokumentebad, rac sakmao<br />

gaugebrobas qmnida. kanonis mixedviT saqonlis an momsaxurebis<br />

teqnikur reglamentTan Sesabamisobis damowmeba savaldebulo<br />

iyo, Tumca ar iyo miTiTebuli, aseTi damowmeba ra proceduriT<br />

unda ganxorcielebuliyo.<br />

ZalaSi darCa agreTve am kanonis safuZvelze SemuSavebuli<br />

“savaldebulo sertifikacias daqvemdebarebuli produqciis<br />

saqarTvelos teritoriaze Semotanis wesi” da 2007 wlis 1 ianvramde,<br />

sanam axali “sabaJo kodeqsi” amoqmeddeboda, saqarTveloSi<br />

saqonlis Semotanisas xarisxis Sesabamisobis sertifikatis<br />

warmodgena savaldebulo iyo (1998 wlis kanonis „sabaJo<br />

tarifebisa da gadasaxadebis Sesaxeb“ me-13 muxlis me-3 punqti)<br />

29 kanonis zogierTi muxli “produqciis zogadi usafrTxoebis<br />

Sesaxeb” evrokavSiris 2001/95/EC direqtivis debulebebis<br />

zusti Targmania. aseTebia magaliTad muxli 6 (Seesabameba<br />

direqtivis me-2 muxls), me-7 muxli (Seesabameba direqtivis me-3<br />

da me-5 muxlebs), 25-e muxli (direqtivis me-8 muxli)<br />

11

# 108 biuleteni<br />

Sesabamisobis dadasturebis/Sefasebis or<br />

saSualebas cnobs:<br />

a. mwarmoebeli (savaraudod sakuTari<br />

Za le biT Tavisi nawarmis Semowmebis safuZvelze)<br />

adgens Sesabamisobis deklaracias, sadac kisrulobs<br />

pasuxismgeblobas konkretuli reglamentis<br />

moTxovnasTan produqciis Sesabamisobaze. es<br />

deklaracia sul cota 5 wlis manZilze unda<br />

inaxebodes mewarmesTan da moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi<br />

waredginos bazris zedamxedvel organos;<br />

b. mwarmoebeli produqcias warudgens<br />

sertifikaciis akreditebul organos, romelic<br />

amowmebs produqciis Sesabamisobas teqnikuri<br />

reglamentis moTxovnebTan da dadebiTi Sedegis<br />

SemTxvevaSi iZleva Sesabamisobis sertifikats.<br />

Sefasebis am procedurebidan pirveli<br />

savaldebuloa, meore ki nebayoflobiTi, `garda<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

SemTxvevebisa~. Sefasebis aRwerili procedurebis<br />

gavlis Sedegad xdeba produqciis niSandeba<br />

Sesabamisobis erovnuli niSniT. Tu niSandeba<br />

xorcieldeba ara mewarmis, aramed sasertifikacio<br />

organos mier, produqciaze aRniSnuuli unda iqnes<br />

agreTve am organos saidentifikacio kodi.<br />

Sesabamisobis aRiarebis es erovnuli sqemebi<br />

moqmedebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu produqcia<br />

warmoebulia saqarTveloSi an fasdeba Sesabamisoba<br />

qarTul erovnul teqnikur reglamentebTan.<br />

saqarTveloSi teqnikur reglamentad aRiarebul<br />

ucxo qveynis normatiul dokumentTan Sesabamisobis<br />

Sefasebisas ki produqciis warmoSobis qveynis<br />

(da ara im qveynis, sadac es teqnikuri Sinaarsis<br />

normatiuli dokumenti moqmedebs!) Sesabamisobis<br />

Sefasebis procedura 30 unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.<br />

am proceduriT gaTvaliswinebuli Sesabamisobis<br />

dadasturebis dokumentis warmodgena (savaraudod<br />

sabaJo organoebisTvis) sakmarisia produqciis<br />

saqarTvelos bazarze ganTavsebisTvis.<br />

Tu Cven am sqemas zemoT aRweril evropul<br />

sqemas SevadarebT, vnaxavT, rom saqarTveloSi<br />

dRes samoqmedod SemoRebulia produqciis<br />

usafrTxoebis dadasturebis evropuli Svidi<br />

modulidan mxolod ori: A da G. es niSnavs,<br />

rom mewarme, romelic imports ar eweva, ar aris<br />

dainteresebuli Tavis sawarmoSi magaliTad<br />

xarisxis uzrunvelyofis sistemis danergviT,<br />

vinaidan saqarTvelos bazarze daSvebisTvis da<br />

funqcionirebisTvis es mas araviTar upiratesobas ar<br />

aZlevs (Tundac yvelaze soliduri sasertifikacio<br />

organos mier iyos es sistema sertificirebuli).<br />

30. 1996 wlis kanoni “produqciis da momsaxurebis sertifikaciis<br />

Sesaxeb“, 2008 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT, muxli 13, p. 4<br />

magram ufro mniSvnelovania is, rom<br />

evrokavSiris Sesabamisobis Sefasebis A moduli<br />

ar mdgomareobs ubralod Sesabamisobis<br />

deklaraciis xelmowerasa da am furclis 5 wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi SenaxvaSi, rogorc amas axali qarTuli<br />

kanonmdebloba gulisxmobs. evrokavSirSi mewarmis<br />

mier xelmoweril Sesabamisobis deklaracias<br />

Tan unda erTvodes teqnikuri dokumentacia,<br />

romelic am Sesabamisobas amtkicebs da asabuTebs.<br />

esenia: produqciis Semcvelobis aRwera, warmoebis<br />

procesis aRwera, gaTvlebis, gazomvebis, testebis<br />

Sedegebi da sxva, ris safuZvelzec mewarmem daaskvna,<br />

rom misi produqcia konkretuli teqnikuri<br />

reglamentis moTxovnebs Seesabameba. rogorc zemoT<br />

aRvwereT, swored es dokumentacia (moTxovnis<br />

SemTxvevaSi) aZlevs evrokavSiris qveynebis<br />

bazrebis makontrolebel organoebs saSualebas<br />

iolad darwmundnen konkretuli produqciis<br />

usafrTxoebaSi. am dokumentaciis gareSe<br />

Sesabamisobis deklaracias araviTari daniSnuleba<br />

ar gaaCnia. mewarmis xelmowera deklaraciaze<br />

swored im teqnikuri monacemebis dadasturebas<br />

da maT sisworeze pasuxismgeblobis aRebas niSnavs.<br />

Torem produqciis normatiul moTxovnebTan<br />

Sesabamisobaze mewarme isedac agebs pasuxs,<br />

yovelgvari deklaraciis safuZvelze. savaraudod,<br />

qarTvelma kanonmdebelma am deklaraciis arsi ver<br />

gaigo da amgvari `gamartivebiT~ igi srulebiT<br />

ufunqcio faratina qaRaldad aqcia!<br />

ii. axali kanonmdeblobis SemoRebiT<br />

gaurkveveli gaxda arsebuli standartebis<br />

funqcia. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, evrokavSirSi<br />

usafrTxoebis direqtivaTa moTxovnebTan<br />

produqciis Sesabamisobis dadasturebis erTerTi<br />

saSualebas produqciis evrostandartebTan<br />

Sesabamisobis Sefaseba/dadastureba warmoadgens.<br />

standartebi faqtobrivad, mewarmes usafrTxoebis<br />

moTxovnebis Sesrulebis sxvadasxva misaReb<br />

variantebs sTavazobs. saqarTvelos axali<br />

kanonmdebloba aseT SesaZleblobas ar uSvebs _ raime<br />

qarTuli standartisadmi produqciis Sesabamisoba<br />

sakmarisi ar aris teqnikuri reglamentis<br />

moTxovnisadmi am produqciis Sesabamisobis<br />

dadasturebisTvis. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom axali<br />

kanonmdeblobiT saqarTvelos standartebi<br />

Tumca ar gauqmebula, magram srulebiT ufunqcio,<br />

`TamaSgare~ mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda.<br />

iii. mouwesrigebelia samomxmareblo bazris<br />

kontrolis sakiTxic. rogorc zemoT aRvwereT,<br />

produqciis usafrTxoebisadmi evropuli midgoma<br />

gulisxmobs barierebis maqsimalurad moxsnas<br />

produqciis bazarze daSvebisas, rac balansdeba<br />

bazarze ganTavsebuli produqciis usafrTxoebis<br />

aucilebeli sajaro kontroliT. 2001/95/EC<br />

direqtivaSi kategoriulad moTxovnilia, rom<br />

qveynebma unda Seqmnan makontrolebeli organoebi,<br />

awarmoon bazris sistematiuri kontroli da mkacrad<br />

12

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

dasajon usafrTxoebis moTxovnaTa damrRvevi<br />

mewarmeebi. saqarTvelos axali kanonmdebloba<br />

iTvaliswinebs bazris makontrolebeli organoebis<br />

arsebobis SesaZleblobas da adgens maT uflebebs<br />

(romelic zusti analogia evrokavSirSi bazarze<br />

gatanili saqonlis usafrTxoebis makontrolebeli<br />

erovnuli organoebis zemoT aRwerili<br />

uflebebisa), magram ar miuTiTebs aseT organoebs.<br />

SesaZloa, es logikuric gveCvenos im fonze, rom<br />

dRemde saqarTveloSi sul 10-mde teqnikuri<br />

reglamentia damtkicebuli, romelic momsaxurebis<br />

an samomxmareblo produqciis usafrTxoebas<br />

ramdenadme exeba 31 . magram saqarTvelos mTavrobis<br />

2006 wlis 24 Tebervlis dadgenilebidan<br />

gamomdinare saqarTvelos teritoriaze teqnikur<br />

reglamentebad erTbaSad uzarmazari raodenobis<br />

dokumentebi iqna aRiarebuli 32 . esenia:<br />

• evrokavSiris `axali midgomis~ da<br />

`globaluri midgomis~ direqtivebi, `maTTan<br />

harmonizebuli evropuli normebi da teqnikuri<br />

regulirebis saerTaSoriso normatiuli aqtebi da<br />

dokumentebi~,<br />

sxvadasxva qveynebis normebidan yvelaze naklebad<br />

momTxovni.<br />

CamoTvlili dokumentebi savaraudod<br />

mTel samomxmareblo bazars moicavs. logikuri<br />

iqneboda daniSnuliyo sajaro organo,<br />

romelic yvela am dokumentis moTxovnisadmi<br />

saqarTvelos bazarze ganTavsebuli produqciis<br />

Sesabamisobas Seamowmebda. Tumca, Tavad davaleba<br />

sakmaod rTulia. dRevandel realobaSi Zneli<br />

warmosadgenia saqarTveloSi iseTi sajaro organos<br />

arseboba, romelsac detaluri informacia eqneba<br />

yvela CamoTvlili ucxouri dokumentis Sinaarsis<br />

Sesaxeb, rom araferi vTqvaT am dokumentebSi<br />

aRweril moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebis<br />

organizebis SesaZleblobebze.<br />

jerjerobiT ki, unda vaRiaroT, rom<br />

produqciis usafrTxoeba saqarTveloSi mxolod<br />

deklaratiulia, kanonmdebloba formalurad<br />

`waagavs~ evropuls, Tumca arsebiTad ufunqcioa,<br />

rig SemTxvevebSi uSinaarso da rac mTavaria<br />

realuri ganxorcielebis zomebs moklebuli.<br />

• 36 qveynis (ix. danarTi 5) `teqnikuri<br />

regulirebis sferoSi moqmedi dokumentebi,<br />

romlebic gansazRvraven produqciis<br />

maxasiaTeblebs an masTan dakavSirebul procesebs da<br />

warmoebis meTodebs, Sesabamisi administraciuli<br />

debulebebis CaTvliT, romelTa <strong>dacva</strong>c<br />

savaldebuloa am qveynebSi~.<br />

garda amisa, gagrZelda dsT-s qveynebis<br />

teqnikuri regulirebis sferos savaldebulo<br />

dokumentebis (`gostebi~, samSeneblo normebi da<br />

wesebi, sanitaruli wesebi da normebi) moqmedeba.<br />

Sedegad miviReT paradoqsuli situacia _ qarTuli<br />

standarti nebayoflobiTi dokumentia, rusuli<br />

`gosti~ ki _ savaldebulo.<br />

bunebrivia, sxvadasxva qveynis teqnikur<br />

normatiul dokumentebis erTdroulad<br />

moqmedebisas mosalodnelia, rom aRmoCndes<br />

dokumentebi, romelic erTi da imave produqcias<br />

gansxvavebul moTxovnebs uyenebs. am SemTxvevaSi<br />

moqmedebs `produqciis da momsaxurebis Sesaxeb~<br />

kanonis 31 muxli, romlis mixedviT sakmarisia,<br />

produqcia moqmedi normebidan erT romelimes<br />

akmayofilebdes. realobaSi es niSnavs, rom mewarmes<br />

ufleba eZleva airCios saqarTveloSi moqmedi<br />

31. sul saqarTveloSi dreisTvis damtkicebulia 27 teqnikuri<br />

reglamenti. aqedan 11 akreditaciis sakiTxebs aregulirebs, 5<br />

_ metrologias, 9 satransporto sferos, erTi _ sasmeli wylis<br />

xarisxs da erTi _ sakvebis fortifikaciis sakiTxebs. damtkicebuli<br />

reglamentebis CamonaTvali ixileT me-4 danarTSi.<br />

32. ufro zustad, savaldebulod aRiarebuli iqna CamoTvlili<br />

dokumentebis is nawilebi da moTxovnebi, romlebic produqciis<br />

usafrTxoebis uzrunvelmyof maxasiaTeblebs exeba<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba: sursaTis<br />

uvnebloba<br />

rac Seexeba sursaTis uvneblobas, saqarTvelos<br />

dRevandeli kanonmdeblobiT formalurad<br />

Seqmnilia minimaluri normatiuli baza am sferos<br />

met-naklebad misaRebi regulirebisTvis, Tumca<br />

umetesi normatiuli debulebis moqmedeba<br />

droebiT SeCerebulia.<br />

moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT regulirebas<br />

eqvemdebareba sursaTis Semcveloba, kerZod,<br />

`sursaTisa da Tambaqos Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos<br />

kanonis mixedviT:<br />

• garda gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa ikrZaleba<br />

mavnebeli sakvebdanamatebis gamoyeneba;<br />

• dgindeba sakveb produqtebSi danarCeni<br />

sakvebdanamatebisa da maTi gardaqmnis produqtebis<br />

Semcvelobis zRvrulad dasaSvebi doneebi;<br />

• dgindeba sakveb produqtSi an mis zedapirze<br />

mcenareTa dacvis an niadagis damuSavebis<br />

saSualebebis an sasuqebis, an maTi daSlis an<br />

sxva nivTierebebTan urTierTqmedebis Sedegad<br />

miRebuli nivTierebebis zRvrulad dasaSvebi<br />

doneebi.<br />

konkretulad sursaTSi sxvadasxva danamatebis<br />

da dambinZurebelTa Semcveloba regulirdeba<br />

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri<br />

dacvis ministris mier 2001 wlis 16 agvistos<br />

damtkicebuli ori dokumentiT:<br />

13

# 108 biuleteni<br />

1. #301/n brZanebiT damtkicda sanitaruli<br />

wesebi da normebi `higienuri moTxovnebi<br />

sasursaTo nedleulisa da kvebis produqtebis<br />

xarisxisa da usafrTxoebisadmi`. es dokumenti<br />

adgens sakveb produqtebSi da sursaTis nedleulSi<br />

toqsikuri elementebis (tyvia, dariSxani, kadmiumi,<br />

vercxliswyali, spilenZi, TuTia, levomicetini<br />

da tetraciklinis jgufis antibiotikebi, agreTve<br />

sakvebi antibiotikebi: grizini da bacitracini,<br />

nitrozaminebi, pesticidebi, radionuklidebi da<br />

sxv.) zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentraciebs, agreTve<br />

produqciis savaldebulo mikrobiologiur<br />

maCveneblebs: produqciis minimalur masas, romlis<br />

Semowmebisas ar unda aRmoCndes paTogenuri (an<br />

pirobiT-paTogenuri) mikroorganizmebi.<br />

2. #311/n brZanebiT damtkicda<br />

`sakvebdanamatebis gamoyenebis sanitaruli wesebi<br />

da normebi~, romliTac regulirdeba sxvadasxva<br />

sakvebdanamatebis (konservantebi, antioqsidantebi,<br />

emulgatorebi, saRebavebi, damatkboblebi,<br />

nitratebis da nitritebis da sxva) zRvrulad<br />

dasaSvebi koncentracia saboloo produqtSi,<br />

agreTve dgindeba gamoyenebisTvis daSvebuli da<br />

akrZaluli sakvebdanamatebi (ix. danarTi 6)<br />

dadgenilia agreTve sanitaruli wesebi<br />

da normebi mTeli rigi kvebis mrewvelobis<br />

sawarmoebisTvis da savaWro obieqtebisTvis (ix.<br />

danarTi 7). `sursaTis xarisxis da uvneblobis<br />

Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni iTvaliswinebs<br />

sursaTis operatorTa kontrolis mTel rig<br />

zomebs:<br />

• iseve, rogorc evropaSi, sursaTis<br />

mwarmoebeli sawarmo (agreTve Semnaxveli,<br />

damfasoebeli an bazarze ganmTavsebeli)<br />

valdebulia saxelmwifo registracia gaiaros<br />

(moTxovna SeCerebulia 2009 wlis 31 dekembramde);<br />

• gaTvaliswinebulia sursaTis operatorebis<br />

rogorc gegmiuri, aseve gaufrTxilebeli<br />

inspeqtireba (2009 wlis 31 dekembramde mxolod<br />

gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi) da dadgenilia misi<br />

wesebi;<br />

• dadgenilia sursaTis mikvlevadobis<br />

moTxovnebi, romlebic Seesabameba evrokavSiris<br />

kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs: mwarmoebeli/<br />

distributori valdebulia zustad aRricxos,<br />

Tu visgan miiRo da vis miawoda warmoebuli<br />

sursaTi. bazarze ganTavsebul sursaTs unda<br />

hqondes saTanado etiketi misi mwarmoeblis<br />

identificirebisTvis. mewarme valdebulia<br />

iqonios safrTxeebis Sida kontrolisa da<br />

mikvlevadobis sistemebi (SeCerebulia 2010 wlis 1<br />

ianvramde maRali riskis sawarmoebisTvis, 2011 wlis<br />

1 ianvramde yvela sxva sursaTis gadamamuSavebeli<br />

sawarmoebisTvis da 2012 wlis 1 ianvramde cxovelTa<br />

sakvebis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebiTvis).<br />

amdenad, migvaCnia rom, saqarTvelos gaaCnia<br />

sakmarisi normatiuli baza sursaTis usafrTxoebis<br />

evropuli donis ZiriTadi moTxovnebis<br />

uzrunvelsayofad da rom ara kontrolTan<br />

dakavSirebuli kanonmdeblobis debulebebis<br />

droebiTi SeCereba, saqarTveloSi sakvebis<br />

usafrTxoeba misaReb doneze SeiZleba yofiliyo.<br />

2. momxmareblis adekvaturi informireba<br />

produqciis etiketi<br />

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis<br />

mimarTulebiT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />

sakiTxia produqciis etiketireba, radgan<br />

momxmarebeli etiketze miTiTebuli informaciis<br />

safuZvelze iRebs gadawyvetilebas, romlis<br />

damoukideblad gadamowmeba mas, umetes<br />

SemTxvevebSi, ar SeuZlia. sabazro ekonomikis<br />

dros arsebuli konkurenciis pirobebSi ara marto<br />

momxmareblis interesebis, aramed zogadad bazris<br />

`sijansaRis~ dasacavad mniSvnelovania momxmareblis<br />

<strong>dacva</strong> araswori informaciis miwodebisgan.<br />

swored amitom evrogaerTianebis qveynebSi<br />

dafasoebuli sasursaTo produqciis etiketireba<br />

da reklamireba harmonizirebulia.<br />

sakvebi produqtebis etiketirebis saerTo<br />

pirobebs 2000/13/EC direqtiva aregulirebs 33 .<br />

damatebiT miRebulia mTeli rigi direqtivebi,<br />

romelic ama Tu im konkretuli sakvebi<br />

produqtebisaTvis damatebiT moTxovnebs ayeneben.<br />

2000/13/EC direqtivis mTavari debulebaa:<br />

sasursaTo produqciis etiketsa da reklamas<br />

SecdomaSi ar unda Sehyavdes momxmarebeli<br />

produqciis Semadgenelobisa da Tvisebebis<br />

Sesaxeb. direqtivis mixedviT dafasoebuli sakvebi<br />

produqtebis etiketze savaldebuloa Semdegi<br />

monacemebis miTiTeba:<br />

produqciis dasaxeleba/aRniSvna:<br />

saubaria konkretuli sasursaTo produqtis<br />

evrokavSiris normebiT gansazRvrul dasaxelebaze,<br />

an aseTis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiris<br />

romelime wevr qveyanaSi miRebul dasaxelebaze. am<br />

dasaxelebaSi aucilebelia mieTiTos produqciis<br />

fizikuri mdgomareobac (gayinuli, koncentrati,<br />

fxvnili da sxva).<br />

33. direqtivis moTxovnebi vrceldeba dafasoebul sasursaTo<br />

produqciaze, romlebic yovelgvari Semdgomi gadamuSavebis<br />

gareSe gaTvlilia saboloo moxmarebisTvis. es moTxovnebi ar<br />

vrceldeba im produqciaze, romelTa eqsporti xorcieldeba<br />

evrogaerTianebis sazRvrebs gareT.<br />

14

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

sityva `xorcis~ gamoyeneba dasaxelebaSi<br />

2001/101/EC direqtiva zRudavs etiketSi sityva<br />

`xorcis~ gamoyenebas. kerZod, dadgenilia sxvadasxva<br />

tipis produqtSi cximis da SemaerTebeli qsovilis<br />

minimaluri zRvruli Semcveloba, romlis drosac<br />

am sityvis gamoyeneba dasaxelebaSi daiSveba.<br />

wonis/moculobis erTeulebi<br />

aucilebelia sursaTze misi neto wonis<br />

an moculobis miTiTeba. Txevadi sursaTis<br />

SemTxvevaSi mieTiTeba gramebSi an litrebSi, sxva<br />

sursaTis SemTxvevaSi _ gramebi an kilogramebi.<br />

ingredientebis CamonaTvali:<br />

sakvebi produqtis etiketze unda mieTiTos<br />

masSi Semavali yvela ingredienti. CamonaTvalSi<br />

ingredientebis Tanmimdevroba dgindeba maTi<br />

wonis klebis mixedviT, anu pirvelad mieTiTeba<br />

woniT yvelaze didi ingredienti 34 . unda mieTiTos<br />

ingredientebis zusti dasaxeleba, Tumca<br />

sxvadasxva direqtivebi konkretul gamonaklisebsac<br />

iTvaliswinebs. etiketze aucilebelia<br />

ingredientebis moculobis miTiTebac.<br />

rigi produqciisTvis dasaSvebia etiketze<br />

ar mieTiTosteqnologiur procesSi damxmare<br />

nivTierebad gamoyenebuli ingredientebi,<br />

romlebic saboloo produqtis SemcvelobaSi ar<br />

Sedis,. aseTi produqciaa:<br />

• gadaumuSavebeli xili da bostneuli;<br />

• Zmari;<br />

• gaziani mineraluri wylebi;<br />

• rZe, karaqi da sxva rZis nawarmi.<br />

Tu produqtis dasaxeleba Seicavs erTerTi<br />

ingredientis saxels, aucilebelia am<br />

ingredientis gaswvriv wonasTan erTad mieTiTos<br />

misi procentuli wili mTlian produqtSi.<br />

ingredienti, romelic Tavis mxriv<br />

sxva ingredientSic Sedis, anu ormagad aris<br />

warmodgenili, ar saWiroebs etiketze orjer<br />

miTiTebas.<br />

malfuWebadi produqtebi<br />

malfuWebadi produqciis etiketze<br />

savaldebuloa Semdegi informaciis miTiTeba:<br />

• vargisianobis vada;<br />

• Senaxvisa da gamoyenebis specialuri wesebi;<br />

• mwarmoeblis, SemfuTavis an oficialuri<br />

warmomadgenlobis dasaxeleba da misamarTi;<br />

• warmoSobis adgili;<br />

• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moxmarebis<br />

instruqcia;<br />

• sasmelSi, sadac alkoholis Semcveloba<br />

1,2%-s aRemateba aucilebelia SemadgenlobaSi<br />

alkoholis procentuli Tanafardobis miTiTeba.<br />

SeufuTavi produqtis gayidvis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

es informacia produqtis gasayid adgilas unda<br />

iyos gamokruli.<br />

vargisianobis vada<br />

vargisianobis Sesaxeb informacia unda<br />

Seicavdes produqtis daSvebuli moxmarebis bolo<br />

vadis konkretul dRes, Tves da wels. im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

Tu vargisianobis vada ar aRemateba 3 Tves,<br />

nebadarTulia mxolod dRisa da Tvis miTiTeba.<br />

Tu produqciis vargisianoba 18 Tves ar aRemateba,<br />

maSin sakmarisia Tvisa da wlis miTiTeba, xolo<br />

Tu vargisianoba 18 Tveze metia maSin sakmarisia<br />

mxolod wlis miTiTiTeba.<br />

vargisianobis TariRis miTiTeba ar aris<br />

savaldebulo Semdeg produqtebze:<br />

• gadaumuSavebeli xili da bostneuli;<br />

• Rvino da sxva sasmeli, romlis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi alkoholis Semcveloba 10 procents<br />

aRemateba;<br />

• ualkoholo gamagrilebeli sasmelebi;<br />

• xilis wvenebi da neqtari, romlebic 5<br />

litrian WurWelSia Camosxmuli da gankuTvnilia<br />

sazogadoebrivi dawesebulebebisaTvis;<br />

• pur-funTuSeuli, sakonditro nawarmi;<br />

• Zmari;<br />

• sufris marili;<br />

• natexi Saqari;<br />

• saReWi rezini;<br />

• porciebad SefuTuli nayini.<br />

Rrmad gayinuli sakvebi produqtebi<br />

34. gamonakliss Seadgenen “alergenebi”, romelTa miTiTeba Sesa-<br />

Zlebelia siis dasawyisSi, miuxedavad Semcvelobisa<br />

Rrmad gayinuli sakvebi produqtebis<br />

gayivnis, SefuTvis, etiketirebisa da kontrolis<br />

15

# 108 biuleteni<br />

wesebi dadgenilia 89/108/EEC direqtiviT. aseTi<br />

produqtis etiketze aucilebelia aRniSvna `Rrmad<br />

gayinuli~.<br />

msgavsi produqtebis gayidvis dros etiketze<br />

damatebiT unda iyos miTiTebuli:<br />

• Senaxvis vada (vargisianoba);<br />

• saboloo momxmarebelTan produqciis<br />

Senaxis vada;<br />

• Senaxvis dros aucilebeli temperatura da<br />

Sesabamisi mowyobiloba.<br />

maionizebeli sxivebiT damuSavebuli<br />

produqtebi<br />

maionizebeli dasxivebis meTodiT<br />

damuSavebuli produqciis SemTxvevaSi<br />

aucilebelia etiketze mkafiod miTiTebuli iyos<br />

amis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxs aregulirebs direqtiva<br />

nomeri 1999/2/EEC.<br />

genetikurad modificirebuli produqtebi<br />

genetikurad modificirebuli organizmebis<br />

gamoyenebiT miRebuli sakvebis gamoyeneba<br />

regulirdeba 1830/2003 regulaciiT. mis mixedviT<br />

genetikirad modificirebuli organizmebis<br />

Semcveli sakvebi produqtebis etiketze unda<br />

mieTiTos maTi zusti dasaxeleba da Sesabamisi<br />

kodi, agreTve sxva informacia imis Sesaxeb,<br />

produqtis warmoebis ra etapze iqna gamoyenebuli<br />

genmodificirebuli organizmi.<br />

kaloriulobis miTiTebis wesebi<br />

direqtiva 90/496/EEC adgens produqciaze<br />

kaloriulobis miTiTebis wesebs. mis mixedviT<br />

kaloriulobis miTiTeba nebayoflobiTia, Tumca<br />

etiketze da reklamaSi romelime nivTierebis<br />

kaloriulobaze aqcentis gakeTebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

produqtze kaloriulobis miTiTeba savaldebulo<br />

xdeba. kaloriulobaze informacia unda mieTiTos<br />

100 gramze an mTlian moculobaze gaangariSebiT.<br />

vitaminebi da mineralebi damatebiT unda mieTiTos<br />

procentebSi.<br />

kofeini da qinini<br />

direqtiva 2002/67/EC aregulirebs kofeinis<br />

da qininis Semcvelobis miTiTebas etiketze.<br />

direqtiviT dadgenilia zRvari, romlis<br />

gadaWarbebis SemTxvevaSic aucilebelia kofeinis<br />

Semcvelobis miTiTeba (litrSi 150 miligrami).<br />

am SemTxvevaSi etiketze unda gakeTdes warwera<br />

`Seicavs kofeins~.<br />

Cvil bavSvTa sakvebi<br />

Cvil bavSvTa sakvebze aucilebelia damatebiT<br />

Semdegi informaciis miTiTeba 35 :<br />

• asaki, romlis Semdegac dasaSvebia<br />

produqciis miReba. es asaki ar unda iyos 4 Tveze<br />

naklebi. Tu moxmarebis asaki 4-dan 6-Tvemdea maSin<br />

etiketze aucileblad unda mieTiTos gluteinis<br />

Semcveloba;<br />

• aucilebelia cilebis, naxSirwylebis da<br />

cximis Semcvelobis, agreTve kaloriulobis,<br />

mineralebis da vitaminebis procentuli<br />

Semcvelobis miTiTeba 100 gram produqtze<br />

gaangariSebiT.<br />

xilis wvenebi da msgavsi produqcia<br />

direqtiva 2001/112/EC adgens xilis wvenebis<br />

etiketze damatebiT aRsaniSnavi informaciis<br />

CamonaTvals. kerZod, etiketze garkveviT unda<br />

iyos miniSnebuli:<br />

•<br />

narevs;<br />

Tu produqti Seicavs sxvadasxva xilis<br />

• Tu produqti Seicavs damatkboblebs;<br />

• Tu produqti mTlianad an nawilobriv<br />

koncentratisgan aris damzadebuli.<br />

Jele, marmeladi, jemi da msgavsi produqtebi<br />

direqtiva 2001/113/EC adgens jemis, marmeladis,<br />

Jeles da msgavsi produqtebis etiketze damatebiT<br />

misaTiTebeli informaciis CamonaTvals:<br />

• xilis Semcveloba 100 gramze gaangariSebiT;<br />

• Saqris Semcevloba jemSi;<br />

• gogirdis orJangis Semcveloba Tu igi<br />

aWarbebs 10 mg/kg-s.<br />

kosmetikuri saSualebebi<br />

direqtiva 76/768/EEC kosmetikuri<br />

saSualebebis SemcvelobasTan erTad aregulirebs<br />

SefuTvis etiketirebis sakiTxebs.<br />

kosmetikuri saSulebebis etiketze<br />

miTiTebuli informacia unda iyos advilad<br />

gasarCevi da ar unda iSlebodes moxmarebis Sedegad.<br />

35 Cvil bavSvTa sakvebi rZis Semcveli produqtebis<br />

etiketirebis wess gansazRvravs 2000/13/EC direqtiva, xolo<br />

xorblisgan damzadebuli sakvebi danamatebis etiketirebis<br />

wess aregulirebs 2006/125/EC direqtiva<br />

16

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

kerZod, aucileblad miTiTebuli unda iyos:<br />

• evrogaerTianebaSi moqmedi mwarmoeblis<br />

an im piris saxeli (dasaxeleba) da misamarTi,<br />

romelic pasuxismgebelia konkretuli kosmetikuri<br />

saSualebis evrogaerTianebis Sida bazarze<br />

Semotanasa da gayidvaze.<br />

• Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb informacia<br />

Sesabamisi wonisa da moculobis miTiTebiT<br />

• Senaxvis vada. Tu produqciis Senaxvis vada<br />

ar aRemateba 30 Tves unda gakeTdes warwera `Senaxvis<br />

vada ...-mde~;<br />

• Tu produqtis Senaxvis xangrZlivoba<br />

aRemateba 30 Tves, aucilebelia etiketze mieTiTos<br />

gaxsnis Semdeg vargisianobis periodi;<br />

• produqtis usafrTxo moxmarebis<br />

gansakuTrebuli wesebi;<br />

• warmoebis adgili, an aRniSvna, romelic<br />

warmoebis adgilis dadgenis SesaZleblobas<br />

iZleva;<br />

• produqtis Tvisebebi.<br />

es informacia miTiTebuli unda iyos im wevri<br />

qveynis saxelmwifo enaze, sadac xdeba produqciis<br />

realizacia.<br />

sabavSvo saTamaSoebi<br />

direqtiva 88/378/EEC aregulirebs bazarze<br />

sabavSvo saTamaSoebis Semotanis da misi<br />

usafrTxoebis sakiTxebs. am direqtiviT agreTve<br />

gansazRvrulia saTamaSoze an mis etiketze<br />

savaldebulo informaciis CamonaTvali, romelic<br />

unda iyos iolad kiTxvadi:<br />

• CE niSani, rac adasturebs produqtis<br />

usafrTxoebis maxasiaTeblebis konkretuli<br />

direqtivis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobas (ix.<br />

qvemoT);<br />

• mwarmoeblis an evropis bazarze produqciis<br />

Semomtanis da warmomdgenis saxelwodeba da<br />

misamarTi; SesaZlebelia mwarmoeblis Sesaxeb<br />

informaciis Semokleba, Tu igi pirdapir miuTiTebs<br />

konkretul mwarmoebelze.<br />

mcire zomis saTamaSoebis SemTxvevaSi zemoT<br />

moyvanili informacia SesaZlebelia TandarTul<br />

furcelze mieTiTos, aseT SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia<br />

momxmareblis gafrTxileba, raTa igi gaecnos<br />

TandarTul furcelze miTiTebul informacias.<br />

garda amisa, garkveuli tipis saTamaSoebisTvis<br />

dadgenilia savaldebulo warwerebi, romelic<br />

etiketze usafrTxoebis mizniT unda gakeTdes:<br />

• Tu arsebobs albaToba, rom saTamaSo saxifaTo<br />

iyos 36 Tvemde asakis bavSvebisaTvis, etiketze unda<br />

gakeTdes warwera `ar aris gankuTvnili 36 Tvemde<br />

bavSvebisaTvis~ (an 3 wlamde bavSvebisTvis).<br />

• Tu saTamaSo `funqcionaluria~, anu<br />

arsebiTad ufrosebisTvis gankuTvnili xelsawyos<br />

mcire zomis modelia, romelsac igive funqciebi<br />

gaaCnia, saTamaSoze an mis SefuTvaze unda gakeTdes<br />

warwera `yuradReba! gamoyeneba dasaSvebia ufrosebis<br />

meTvalyureobiT~.<br />

• Tu saTamaSo saSiS qimiur nivTierebs Seicavs,<br />

_ saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis etiketirebis wesi<br />

gansazRvrulia Sesabamisi direqtiviT, Tumca<br />

saTamaSoze aucilebelia damatebiT SesaZlo<br />

safrTxeebis da maTi Tavidan acilebis saSualebelis<br />

miTiTeba. saTamaSoze unda gakeTdes warwera<br />

`yuraReba! mxolod .. .. wels zemoT bavSvebisaTvis.<br />

gamoyeneba dasaSvebia ufrosebis meTvalyureobiT~.<br />

• Tu bavSvis borblebiani sagorao<br />

fexsacmelebi iyideba rogorc saTamaSo, maSin<br />

aucilebelia masze Semdegi warweris gakeTeba:<br />

`yuradReba! gamoiyeneT damcavi aqsesuarebi~.<br />

gamoyenebis instruqciaSi detalurad unda<br />

iyos axsnili moxmarebis wesebi da arsebuli<br />

saSiSroebebi.<br />

• wylis saTamaSoebze unda gakeTdes warwera<br />

`yuradReba! gamoyeneba nebadarTulia mxolod<br />

damdgar wyalSi ufrosebis meTvalyureobiT~.<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba<br />

saqarTveloSi produqciis etiketirebis<br />

sakiTxebi daregulirebulia `momxmarebelTa<br />

uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT.<br />

kanonis me-6 muxlSi CamoTvlilia is savaldebulo<br />

informacia, romelic gamyidvelma werilobiT<br />

an zepirad unda miawodos momxmarebels. amave<br />

muxliT dadgenilia is savaldebulo informacia,<br />

romelic sakvebis, kosmetikuri, samkurnalo da<br />

sayofacxovrebo qimiis produqciis etiketze an<br />

iarliyze unda iyos miTiTebuli:<br />

• produqciis dasaxeleba da saxe;<br />

• produqciis damamzadeblis safirmo<br />

saxelwodeba da misamarTi, im qveynis dasaxeleba,<br />

sadac damzadebulia produqcia;<br />

• saqonlis vargisianobis vada (saqonlis<br />

gamoyenebis bolo TariRi an damzadebis TariRi da<br />

17

# 108 biuleteni<br />

Senaxvis vada);<br />

• saqonlis wona an/da moculoba;<br />

• im teqnikuri reglamentis an/da standartis<br />

dasaxeleba, romlis moTxovnebsac Seesabameba<br />

produqcia;<br />

• produqciis ZiriTadi samomxmareblo<br />

Tvisebebis nusxa, sakvebis produqciisaTvis<br />

_ aseve kaloriuloba, vitaminizebuloba,<br />

janmrTelobisaTvis mavne nivTierebaTa<br />

Semcveloba da maT SesaZlo ukuCvenebebze<br />

miTiTeba calkeuli daavadebis dros gamoyenebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, damzadebis procesSi gamoyenebuli<br />

sakvebdanamatebis sia;<br />

• produqciis Sedegiani da usafrTxo<br />

gamoyenebis wesebi da pirobebi, agreTve Senaxvis<br />

specialuri pirobebi.<br />

kanonis mixedviT, sayofacxovrebo-teqnikuri<br />

produqciis gayidvis dros aucilebelia Semdegi<br />

informaciis miTiTeba:<br />

• produqciis dasaxeleba da saxe;<br />

• produqciis damamzadeblis safirmo<br />

saxelwodeba da misamarTi, im qveynis dasaxeleba,<br />

sadac damzadebulia produqcia;<br />

• im teqnikuri reglamentis an/da standartis<br />

dasaxeleba, romlis moTxovnebsac Seesabameba<br />

produqcia;<br />

• produqciis Sedegiani da usafrTxo<br />

gamoyenebis wesebi da pirobebi, agreTve Senaxvis<br />

specialuri pirobebi;<br />

• damamzadeblis<br />

(Semsruleblis,<br />

gamyidvelis) mier daTqmis SemTxvevaSi sagarantio<br />

vada an/da sxva valdebulebebi.<br />

Tu produqciis zomis simciris gamo an sxva<br />

sapatio mizeziT am informaciis etiketze miTiTeba<br />

SeuZlebelia, igi unda ganTavsdes produqciis<br />

yovel erTeulze TandarTul furcelze an<br />

warmoebaSi miRebuli nebismieri sxva formiT.<br />

am kanoniT gansazRvruli moTxovnebi sakvebis,<br />

kosmetikuri, samkurnalo da sayofacxovrebo<br />

qimiis produqciis etiketirebaze nawilobriv<br />

Seesabameba 2000/13/EC direqtiviT dadgenil<br />

wesebs. Tumca evrogaerTianebaSi arsebobs sxva<br />

detaluri moTxovnebi, romlebic saqarTvelos<br />

kanonmdeblobiT savaldebulo araa. saqarTveloSi<br />

aucilebelia etiketze teqnikuri reglamentis<br />

an/da standartis miTiTeba, evropaSi es wesi rig<br />

produqtebze nebayoflobiTia (CE aRniSvna).<br />

saqarTvelos kanoni sursaTisa da Tambaqos<br />

Sesaxeb etikets gansazRvravs: `sursaTTan<br />

dakavSirebuli nebismieri sityva, informacia,<br />

savaWro niSani, dasaxeleba, ilustracia an simbolo,<br />

ganTavsebuli SefuTvaze, iarliyze, sayelurze an<br />

beWedze~. amave kanoniT gansazRvrulia sursaTis<br />

da sakvebi danamatebis definicia, rac evrokavSirSi<br />

gamoyenebul definicias Seesabameba.<br />

`sursaTisa da Tambaqos Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos<br />

kanonis me-5 muxlSi daregulirebulia dasxivebis<br />

daSveba da dasxivebuli sursaTis niSandebis gareSe<br />

gayidvis akrZalva. am muxlis moTxovnebi Seesabameba<br />

1999/2/EC direqtivas.<br />

`saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis niSandebisa<br />

da etiketirebis wesis Sesaxeb~ debulebaSi 36<br />

konkretuladaa miTiTebuli etiketirebis da<br />

aRniSvnebis wesebi, romelic sakmaod amomwuravadaa<br />

mocemuli.<br />

`produqciis da momsaxurebis sertificirebis<br />

Sesaxeb~ kanonis me-14 muxlSi daregulirebulia<br />

produqciis niSandeba Sesabamisobis erovnuli<br />

niSniT. igi daiSveba Tu Catarebulia Sefasebis<br />

teqnikuri reglamentiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

yvela procedura. Sesabamisobis erovnuli<br />

niSani daitaneba pirdapir prodeqtze, xolo<br />

Tu produqciis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare<br />

es SeuZlebelia _ SefuTvaze. niSani unda iyos<br />

xiluli, advilad garCevadi da moucilebadi.<br />

rodesac Sesabamisobis SefasebaSi monawileobs<br />

akreditirebuli organo, misi saidentifikacio<br />

kodi daitaneba produqciaze Sesabamisobis<br />

erovnul niSanTan erTad.<br />

`bavSvTa bunebrivi kvebis dacvisa da<br />

xelSewyobis, xelovnuri sakvebis moxmarebis Sesaxeb~<br />

saqarTvelos kanonis 21-e muxlSi detaluradaa<br />

aRwerili etiketze misaTiTebeli informacia,<br />

romelic srulad akmayofilebs 2006/125/EC<br />

direqtivis moTxovnebs.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos<br />

kanonmdeblobaSi 2000/13/EC direqtivis moTxovnebi<br />

ZiriTadad asaxulia. Tumca zemoT aRwerili<br />

rigi konkretuli produqciis Sesaxeb damatebiTi<br />

informaciis miTiTebis daregulireba jerjerobiT<br />

mowesrigebuli ar aris.<br />

36. damtkicebulia Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis<br />

ministris 2003 wlis 7 aprils #80 brZanebiT. mirebulia<br />

“janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb” kanonisa da “saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis<br />

Sesaxeb” kanonebis Sesabamisad.<br />

18

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

SecdomaSi Semyvani reklama<br />

rogorc aRvniSneT, evrogaerTianebis Sida<br />

bazarze warmodgenili produqcia Zalzed<br />

maravlferovania. aseT mravalferovnebaSi<br />

mwarmoeblisTvis produqciis gasaRebis erT-erT<br />

umniSvnelovanes instruments reklama warmoadgens.<br />

sabazro ekonomikis qveynebSi igi farTod gamoiyeneba<br />

da saTanado regulirebis gareSe misi saSualebiT<br />

momxmareblis SecdomaSi Seyvana gamoricxuli ar<br />

aris. arakeTilsindisieri reklama aseve sazianoa<br />

Tavisufali konkurenciisTvis. amave dros reklamis<br />

gansxvavebuli regulireba evropis sxvadasxva<br />

qveyanaSi saqonlis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis<br />

barieri SeiZleba yofiliyo.<br />

yovelive zemoTqmulis gamo saWirod<br />

CaiTvala evrokavSirSi reklamis regulirebisadmi<br />

erTiani midgomebis SemuSaveba da kanonmdeblobis<br />

harmonizacia arakeTilsindisieri reklamis<br />

erTiani kriteriumebis dasadgenad. am sakiTxebis<br />

dasaregulireblad evropulma sabWom miiRo 84/450/<br />

EEC direqtiva. Semdgomi wlebis ganmavlobaSi am<br />

direqtivam bevri cvlilebebi ganicada da 2006 wels<br />

aucilebeli gaxda misi kodificireba 2006/114/EC<br />

direqtiviT.<br />

am direqtivebis mizans warmoadgens mewarmis<br />

<strong>dacva</strong> SecdomaSi Semyvani reklamisagan, agreTve<br />

dasaSvebi SedarebiTi reklamis pirobebis<br />

gansazRvra. direqtivebis mixedviT:<br />

• arasarwmuno reklama aris yvela reklama,<br />

romelsac momxmarebli an is piri vizec aris<br />

mimarTuli es reklama SecdomaSi Sehyavs an SecdomaSi<br />

Seyvanas cdilobs. Sedegad SeiZleba daziandes<br />

momxmareblis da konkurentis ekonomikuri<br />

interesebi.<br />

• SedarebiTi reklama aris reklama, romelic<br />

pirdapir an iribad miuTiTebs konkurentze<br />

an iseT saqonelze da momsaxurebaze, romelic<br />

SeTavazebulia konkurentis mier.<br />

direqtivis mixedviT reklamis<br />

arasarwmunoobis dasadgenad ganxiluli unda iyos<br />

misi Semadgeneli nawilebi, gansakuTrebiT Semdegi<br />

informacia:<br />

• reklamis damkveTis dasaxeleba;<br />

qoneba; SesaZleblobebi; sakuTrebis ufleba an<br />

warmatebebi.<br />

reklamis arasarwmunoebis Sesafaseblad<br />

gamoiyeneba agreTve arasamarTlian samewarmeo<br />

praqtikis Sesaxeb 2005/29/EC direqtivis me-6 da<br />

me-7 muxlebi. es muxlebi gansazRvravs mewarmis<br />

„damabnevel“ qmedebas an umoqmedobas. mewarmis<br />

qmedeba iTvleba „damabnevlad“, Tu igi iZleva<br />

araswor informacias da saSualo momxamrebeli<br />

SecdomaSi Sehyavs. mewarmis umoqmedoba iTvleba<br />

damabnevlad, Tu saSualo momxmarebelisaTvis<br />

swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad saWiro<br />

informaciis miwodeba ar xdeba.<br />

SedarebiTi reklama CaiTvleba dasaSvebad, Tu<br />

Sesrulebulia Semdegi pirobebi:<br />

• ar xdeba konkurentis safirmo markis,<br />

savaWro niSnis an sxva ganmasxvavebeli niSnis,<br />

agreTve konkurentis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis<br />

diskreditacia;<br />

• konkurentis safirmo/savaWro niSnis<br />

gamoyeneba ar xdeba arakeTilsindisierad;<br />

• ar xdeba safirmo niSniT an savaWro markiT<br />

daculi produqciis an momsaxurebis imitacia;<br />

• SesaZlebelia rekalmis damkveTis da misi<br />

konkurentis saxelis, produqciis da momsaxurebis<br />

erTmaneTisgan gasxvaveba da ar moxdeba maTi<br />

erTmaneTSi aRreva.<br />

• xdeba erTi da igive daniSnulebis da<br />

SesaZleblobebis saqonlisa an momsaxurebis<br />

Sedareba.<br />

am wesebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi dazaralebuls<br />

(anu konkurents) SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos an<br />

Sesabamis administarciul organos.<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos kanoni<br />

`reklamis Sesaxeb~ 2006/114/EC direqtivis TiTqmis<br />

yvela debulebas Seicavs:<br />

• saqonlisa da momsaxurebis saxeoba;<br />

vargisianoba; Semadgenloba; damzadebis da<br />

gasayidad gatanis meTodi da TariRi; raodenoba;<br />

gamoyenebis wesebi; xarisxi; damzadebis adgili;<br />

moxmarebisgan mosalodneli Sedegebi da sxva;<br />

• agreTve saqonlisa da momsaxurebis<br />

miwodebis pirobebi; Sesabamisi fasi an am fasis<br />

daTvlis wesi;<br />

• kanonis Tanaxmad arasaTanado reklama aris<br />

arakeTilsindisieri, arasarwmuno, araeTikuri,<br />

aSkarad yalbi an sxva reklama, romelSic darRveulia<br />

misi Sinaarsis, drois, adgilis an gavrcelebis wesis<br />

Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili<br />

moTxovnebi. es ganmarteba mTlianad Seesabameba<br />

direqtiviT dadgenil termins.<br />

2005 wlis bolodan kanons daemata me-12<br />

•<br />

1<br />

muxli SedarebiTi reklamis Taobaze, romelic<br />

19

# 108 biuleteni<br />

identuria 2006/114/EC direqtivis Sesabamisi<br />

moTxovnebisa.<br />

• kanonis me-4 TavSi detaluradaa gawerili<br />

saxelmwifos mier reklamis sferoSi kontrolis<br />

meqnizmebi.<br />

rac Seexeba kanoniT dadgenili moTxovnebis<br />

dacvis uzrunvelyofas, `adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobebis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT gare reklamis<br />

regulireba TviTmmarTvelobebis eqskluziur<br />

uflebamosilebas warmoadgens. adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis organo uflebamosilia miiRos<br />

gadawyvetileba arasaTanado reklamis srulad<br />

an nawilobriv SeCerebis da kontrreklamis<br />

ganxorcielebis Taobaze. misi moTxovniT damrRvevi<br />

valdebulia dauyovnebliv SeaCeros arasaTanado<br />

reklama da 10 dReSi gaavrcelos kontrreklama.<br />

kontrreklama unda garceldes imave saSualebiT<br />

da TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc arasaTanado reklama.<br />

misi Sinaarsi unda SeuTanxmdes adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis organos.<br />

reklamis Sesaxeb TviTmmarTvelobebis mier<br />

miRebuli gadawyvetileba da kontrreklamebi<br />

praqtikaSi ar gvxvdeba, rasac ori mizezi SeiZleba<br />

hqondes: an ar arsebobs msgavsi darRvevebi, an<br />

adgilobrivi xelisufleba ver akontrolebs<br />

am sferos. Cveni azriT, meore mizezi ufro<br />

realuria.<br />

fasis miTiTeba<br />

gamWirvale bazari da zusti informacia<br />

xels uwyobs momxmarebelTa uflebebis <strong>dacva</strong>s da<br />

Sesabamisad jansaRi konkurenciis Camoyalibebas<br />

bazarze moqmed sawarmoebsa da warmodgenil<br />

produqcias Soris.<br />

evrogaerTianebam miznad daisaxa mis wevr<br />

qveynebSi am sakiTxis mogvareba da momxmareblis<br />

dacvis maRali donis miRweva. maT Soris<br />

momxmareblisaTvis detaluri da gasagebi<br />

informaciis miwodeba saqonlis fasis Sesaxeb.<br />

am gadawyvetilebis sisruleSi moyvana<br />

dakavSirebuli iyo rig problemebTan, radgan<br />

arsebobs produqtebi, romelTa gasayidi fasi<br />

damokidebulia momxmareblis mier Sesyidul<br />

raodenobaze (magaliTad, sabiTumo vaWroba).<br />

garda amisa, rigi produqciisTvis SeiZleba ar iyos<br />

unificirebuli produqciis erTeuli, romlis<br />

mimarT ganisazRvreba fasi.<br />

am sakiTxebis dasaregulireblad da<br />

momxmareblis uflebebis dasacavad evropulma<br />

sabWom miiRo direqtiva 98/6/EEC, romlis<br />

transpozicia (gadatana) evrogaerTianebis wevri<br />

qveynebis erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi 2000 wlis 18<br />

martamde unda momxdariyo.<br />

ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, romlebic<br />

daregulirebulia 98/6/EEC direqtiviT:<br />

• produqciis gasayidad SeTavazebis dros<br />

gasayid fasTan erTad unda momxdariyo erTeulis<br />

fasis miTiTeba. gasayid fasSi igulisxmeba<br />

produqciis saboloo fasi, romelic moicavs yvela<br />

gadasaxads, maT Soris dRg-s. xolo erTeulis fasi<br />

aris erTi kilogrami, litri, kvadratuli an kuburi<br />

metri produqciis saboloo fasi, romelic agreTve<br />

moicavs yvela gadasaxads. damatebiT SeiZleba<br />

gamoyenebuli iyos evrokavSiris qveynebSi moqmedi<br />

sxva sazomi erTeuli, romelic mosaxleobisaTvis<br />

martivad aRqmadia.<br />

• gamyidvelma gasayidi da erTeulis fasi<br />

unda miuTiTos maqsimalurad gasagebad, raTa<br />

momxmarebels gauioldes arCevanis gakeTeba.<br />

• reklama, romelSic naCvenebia gasayidi fasi,<br />

unda moicavdes informacias erTeulis faszec.<br />

• erTeulis fasis miTiTeba ar aris saWiro, Tu<br />

erTeulis fasi gasayidi fasis identuria. agreTve<br />

im produqciaze, romlebic gatanilia auqcionze;<br />

warmoadgenen xelovnebis nimuSs an antikvars.<br />

• produqciaze, romlis gasayidi fasis<br />

gansazRvra SeuZlebelia momxmareblis gareSe, unda<br />

mieTiTos mxolod erTeulis fasi. igulisxmeba<br />

iseTi produqcia, romelic winaswar ar aris<br />

SefuTuli da saWiroeben awonvas an azomvas.<br />

evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs SeuZliaT<br />

SeimuSavon im produqciis CamonaTvali, romlebzec<br />

ar vrceldeba am direqtivis moTxovnebi, Tumca aseT<br />

gadawyvetilebas sWirdeba saTanado dasabuTeba.<br />

direqtivis moTxovnebis erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi<br />

gadatanasTan erTad unda ganisazRvros is sanqciebi,<br />

romlebic daekisreba gamyidvels Sesabamisi<br />

moTxovnebis darRvevisaTvis.<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba<br />

saqarTveloSi fasebis am doneze regulireba<br />

ar xdeboda, Tumca `momxmarebelTa uflebebis<br />

dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-6 1 muxliT<br />

garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi es sakiTxi<br />

nawilobriv daregulirebuli iyo. kerZod:<br />

`1. gamyidveli valdebulia uzrunvelyos<br />

gasayid produqciaze gasayidi da erTeuli<br />

fasis miTiTeba. erTeuli fasis miTiTeba ar aris<br />

aucilebeli, Tu is gasayidi fasis identuria.<br />

20

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

2. fasebis miTiTeba ar aris aucilebeli, Tu:<br />

_ produqti warmodgenilia momsaxurebis<br />

gawevis mizniT;<br />

_ produqciis realizacia xdeba auqcionze an<br />

gasayidad warmodgenilia xelovnebis nimuSebi an/<br />

da antikvaruli nivTebi;<br />

_ produqcia winaswar ar aris SefuTuli da<br />

aiwoneba an/da aizomeba momxmareblis Tvalwin.~<br />

kanonis gardamaval debulebebSi agreTve<br />

miTiTebuli iyo is RonisZiebebi da vadebi,<br />

romlebic unda ganxrocielebuliyo Sesabamisi<br />

organoebis mier. magaliTad ekonomikis saministros<br />

unda SeemuSavebina im produqciis CamonaTvali,<br />

romelzec ar gavrceldeboda fasebis miTiTebis es<br />

wesi.<br />

rogorc vxedavT, 98/6/EEC direqtivis didi<br />

nawili saqarTveloSi moqmedebda. sainteresoa is<br />

faqti, rom me-6 1 muxli kanonSi 2007 wlis 1 ianvridan<br />

amoqmedda, magram am kanonSi 2007 wlis 29 ivniss<br />

Setanili cvlilebebiT es moTxovnebi gauqmda da<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom fasebis Sesaxeb momxmareblis<br />

informirebis valdebuleba gamyidvels moexsna, rac<br />

udavod ukangadadgmuli nabijia momxmarebelTa<br />

uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT.<br />

saqonelze gasayidi da erTeulis fasis<br />

miTiTiTeba, romlis mizanic saqonlis fasisi<br />

Sesaxeb momxmareblisaTvis ufro detaluri<br />

informaciis miwodebaa, saqarTveloSi ar<br />

moqmedebs, Sesabamisad, momxmareblisTvis rTulia<br />

optimaluri gadawyvetilebis miReba da swori<br />

arCevanis gakeTeba.<br />

xelSekrulebis usamarTlo pirobebi<br />

samomxmareblo urTierTobebis gavrcelebuli<br />

formaa e.w. `standartuli~ xelSekrulebebi,<br />

anu xelSekrulebebi, romlis teqsti mxareTa<br />

mier uSualod ar aris SeTanxmebuli da emyareba<br />

gamyidvelis/mimwodeblis mier winaswar<br />

Camoyalibebul standartul formas. rogorc wesi,<br />

gamoucdeli momxmarebeli aseTi xelSekrulebis<br />

guldasmiT Seswavlas ver axerxebs, ris Sedegadac<br />

mewarmes eZleva SesaZlebloba, xelSekrulebis<br />

teqstSi iseTi debulebebi gaiTvaliswinos,<br />

romelic momxmareblis uflebebs usamarTlod<br />

zRudavs. aseT SemTxvevebSi rogorc evrokavSiris,<br />

aseve saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba daCagruli<br />

mxaris <strong>dacva</strong>s iTvaliswinebs.<br />

evropis gaerTianebis 93/13/EEC direqtivis 37<br />

mixedviT xelSekrulebis iseTi pirobebi,<br />

romelic iwvevs xelSekrulebis mxareebs Soris<br />

ufleba-movaleobaTa araTanabar, arasamarTlian<br />

gadanawilebas (momxmareblis sazianod) `xelSekrulebis<br />

usamarTlo pirobebad~ miiCneva.<br />

direqtivis mixedviT aseTi pirobebis<br />

magaliTebia:<br />

• gamyidvelis (mimwodeblis) mTlianad an<br />

nawilobriv ganTavisufleba pasuxismgeblobisgan<br />

misi qmedebis an gaufrTxileblobis Sedegad<br />

momxmareblis sicocxlis an janmrTelobisTvis<br />

miyenebuli zianisTvis;<br />

• momxmareblis uflebebis SezRudva<br />

gamyidvelis mier xelSekrulebiT aRebul<br />

valdebulebaTa Seusruleblobis an arasrulad<br />

Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi, maSin rodesac gamyidvelis<br />

igive uflebebi ar izRudeba;<br />

3. momxmareblis ekonomikuri da<br />

samarTlebrivi uflebebis <strong>dacva</strong><br />

momxmareblis uflebaTa es jgufi<br />

ramodenime nawilisgan Sedgeba. am statiaSi Cven<br />

ar SevexebiT momxmareblis <strong>dacva</strong>s momsaxurebis<br />

konkretul sferoebSi, rogoricaa transporti,<br />

telekomunikacia, televizia, eleqtronuli<br />

vaWroba. aq ar iqneba gaSuqebuli agreTve<br />

momxmareblelTa interesebis dacvis evropisaTvis<br />

specifiuri koleqtiuri SesaZleblobebi _ es<br />

sakmaod moculobiTi Temaa, romelic momavalSi<br />

calke ganxilvas saWiroebs. am statiaSi Cven<br />

ganvixilavT momxmarebelTa zogad uflebebs<br />

samomxmareblo kontraqtebTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

mewarmis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebs naklovan<br />

nawarmze, SecdomaSi Semyvan reklamaze, agreTve<br />

samomxmareblo kreditTan dakavSirebul<br />

sakiTxebs.<br />

• upirobo valdebulebebis dakisreba<br />

momxmareblisTvis, maSin roca gamyidvelze<br />

dakisrebul valdebulebaTa Sesruleba iseT<br />

pirobebzea damokidebuli, romelic mTlianad<br />

am ukanasknelis gankargvis sferoSi imyofeba;<br />

an momxmareblis davaldebuleba, raTa man<br />

xelSekrulebiT dakisrebuli yvela valdebuleba<br />

Seasrulos, miuxedavad imisa, asrulebs Tu ara<br />

gamyidveli Tavis valdebulebebs;<br />

• uflebis miniWeba gamyidvlisTvis, mis<br />

mier xelSekrulebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi ar<br />

daubrunos momxmarebels am ukanasknelis mier<br />

winaswar gadaxdili Tanxa;<br />

• uflebis miniWeba gamyidvelisTvis,<br />

momxmareblis mier xelSekrulebis gauqmebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi ar daubrunos momxmarebels am<br />

37. direqtivis dasaxelebaa: “samomxmareblo xelSekrulebebis<br />

usamarTlo pirobebis Sesaxeb”<br />

21

# 108 biuleteni<br />

ukanasknelis mier winaswar gadaxdili Tanxa,<br />

maSin rodesac gamyidvelis mier valdebulebis<br />

arasrulad Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

momxmareblisTvis kompensaciis gadaxda<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli araa;<br />

• araproporciulad maRali kompensaciis<br />

dakisreba momxmarebelisTvis mis mier<br />

xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebaTa<br />

Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi;<br />

• gamyidvelisTvis xelSekrulebis umizezod<br />

gauqmebis uflebis miniWeba ise, rom momxmarebels<br />

ar hqondes igive ufleba;<br />

• uflebis micema gamyidvelisTvis<br />

ganusazRvreli drois ganmavlobaSi Tavis<br />

survilisamebr gaauqmos xelSekruleba, an<br />

calmxrivad da safuZvliani mizezis gareSe<br />

Secvalos xelSekrulebis pirobebi an misawodebeli<br />

produqciis/momsaxurebis maxasiaTeblebi;<br />

• gaumarTleblad mcire vadis daweseba<br />

momxmareblisTvis SezRuduli vadis<br />

xelSekrulebis avtomatur gagrZelebaze uaris<br />

saTqmelad;<br />

• iseTi valdebulebebis dakisreba<br />

momxmareblisTvis, romelTa winaswar saTanadod<br />

gacnobis saSualeba mas ar gaaCnda;<br />

• uflebis miniWeba gamyidvelisTvis<br />

miwodebis momentSi gansazRvros an gazardos<br />

momsaxurebis fasi, Tuki amave dros momxmarebels<br />

ar aqvs ufleba uari Tqvas momsaxurebis miRebaze<br />

Tuki saboloo fasi winaswar molaparakebulze<br />

mniSvnelovnad maRalia;<br />

• miwodebuli produqciis an gaweuli<br />

momsaxurebis xelSekrulebasTan SesabamisobaSi<br />

yofnis Sefasebis, an xelSekrulebis teqstis<br />

ganmartebis eqskluziuri uflebis miniWeba<br />

gamyidvelisTvis;<br />

• gamyidvelis warmomadgenlebis mier aRebul<br />

valdebulebebze gamyidvelis pasuxismgeblobis<br />

SezRudva;<br />

• momxmareblis Tanxmobis gareSe gamyidvelis<br />

mier Tavis ufleba-movaleobaTa sxva pirisTvis<br />

gadakisrebis daSveba, riTac momxmareblis<br />

interesebi SeiZleba dazaraldes;<br />

• momxmareblis mier marTlmsajulebisTvis<br />

mimarTvis uflebis SezRudva, maT Soris: davis<br />

ganxilvis mxolod saarbitraJo wesze SeTanxmebiT,<br />

an mtkicebulebaTa gamoyenebis akrZalviT, an<br />

mtkicebis tvirTis momxmarebelze dakisrebiT.<br />

unda aRiniSnos, rom zogadad samoqalaqo<br />

urTierTobebSi mxareebs SeuZliaT xelSekrulebis<br />

nebismier usamarTlo pirobebze SeTanxmdnen.<br />

magram Tu adgili aqvs `ara-individualurad<br />

SeTanxmebul~ xelSekrulebas, anu xelSekrulebas,<br />

romelic erTi mxaris mier winaswar iyo<br />

momzadebuli, ise, rom meore mxares (momxmarebels) 38<br />

masSi Camoyalibebul pirobebze zegavlenis<br />

moxdenis saSualeba ar gaaCnda 39 , maSin, direqtivis<br />

mixedviT, aseTi usamarTlo pirobebi baTilad<br />

cxaddeba da momxmareblisTvis maT savaldebulo<br />

Zala ar gaaCniaT. aseT SemTxvevebSi xelSekrulebis<br />

danarCeni pirobebi ZalaSi rCeba.<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT<br />

aRniSnuli tipis xelSekrulebebs `standartuli<br />

xelSekruleba~ ewodeba da saqarTvelos samoqalaqo<br />

kodeqsis 342-348 muxlebi aseT xelSekrulebebSi<br />

usamarTlo moTxovnebisgan mxaris praqtikulad<br />

iseTive donis <strong>dacva</strong>s iTvaliswinebs. kerZod,<br />

dadgenilia, rom meore mxares xelSekrulebis<br />

standartuli pirobebis sul cota gacnobis<br />

saSualeba unda hqondes. amisaTvis es pirobebi<br />

xelSekrulebis dadebis adgilas TvalsaCinod<br />

gamokruli unda iyos da momxmarebels maTi gacnobis<br />

saSualeba unda hqondes. iseve, rogorc zemoT<br />

aRweril direqtivaSi, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo<br />

kodeqsis mixedviT xelSekrulebis standartuli<br />

pirobebis bundovani teqsti unda ganimartos<br />

momxmareblis sasargeblod. Tu am pirobebSi<br />

raime debuleba formiT imdenad uCveuloa, rom<br />

srulebiT gaugebaria momxmareblisTvis da mas<br />

maTi gaTvaliswineba ubralod ar SeuZlia, isini<br />

ar iqceva xelSekrulebis Semadgenel nawilad da,<br />

Sesabamisad, momxmarebeli ver iqneba SeboWili<br />

aseTi debulebebiT. garda amisa, momxmarebelTan<br />

mimarTebaSi baTilad miiCneva standartuli<br />

xelSekrulebis iseTi debulebebi, romelic<br />

`ndobisa da keTilsindisierebis principebis<br />

sawinaaRmdegod sazianoa xelSekrulebis meore<br />

mxarisaTvis~. kanoni agreTve iZleva usamarTlo<br />

pirobebis CamonaTvals, romelic baTilia, Tuki<br />

meore mxare aris `fizikuri piri, romelic ar<br />

eweva samewarmeo saqmianobas~ _ anu momxmarebelia 40 .<br />

es xelSekrulebis iseTi pirobebia, romliTac<br />

dgindeba:<br />

• Seusabamod mokle vadebi momxmareblis mier<br />

mewarmis winadadebis miRebis an uaryofisTvis;<br />

• mewarmis mier nakisr valdebulebaTa<br />

38. evrokavSiris yvela direqtivaSi momxmareblad miiCneva<br />

fizikuri piri, romlisTvisac gansaxilveli urTierToba misi<br />

komerciis, biznesis an profesiis Cveul Semadgenel nawils ar<br />

warmoadgens<br />

39. Tu gamyidveli (mimwodebeli) acxadebs, rom “usamarTlo” piroba<br />

momxmarebelTan individualurad iyo SeTanxmebuli, mtkicebis<br />

tvidTi am ganacxadis dadasturebisTvis mas awveba.<br />

40. vfiqrobT, es ganmarteba farTod unda iyos gagebuli. ganmsazRvreli<br />

unda iyos, am konkretul urTierTobaSi fizikuri<br />

piri gamodis rogorc mewarme, Tu rogorc momxmarebeli<br />

22

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

Sesrulebis Seusabamod xangrZlivi an<br />

ganusazRvreli vadebi;<br />

• mewarmis ufleba dausabuTeblad uari<br />

Tqvas mis mier nakisri valdebulebis Sesrulebaze,<br />

an TviTneburad Secvalos aseTi valdebuleba, an<br />

moiTxovos Seusabamod maRali anazRaureba, an mokle<br />

vadaSi gazardos fasi, an moiTxovos miyenebul<br />

zianze maRali anazRaureba, an ar aanazRauros mis<br />

mier momxmareblisTvis miyenebuli ziani;<br />

• izRudeba momxmareblis kanoniT<br />

miniWebuli ufleba garkveul pirobebSi uari<br />

Tqvas xelSekrulebaze, an uari Tqvas Tavisi<br />

valdebulebis Sesrulebaze manam, sanam meore mxare<br />

ar Seasrulebs aRebul valdebulebas;<br />

• momxmarebels uflebis SezRudva gaqviTos<br />

mis mimarT arsebuli moTxovna misi sakuTari<br />

moTxovniT;<br />

• nivTis naklis gamo an xelSekrulebis<br />

Seusruleblobis gamo mewarmis pasuxismgeblobis<br />

SezRudva;<br />

• momxmarebels uflebis SezRudva uari<br />

Tqvas xelSekrulebaze mimwodeblis mier nakisri<br />

valdebulebis Seusruleblobis an mxolod<br />

nawilobriv Sesrulebisas;<br />

• mimwodeblis ufleba momxmareblis mier<br />

valdebulebaTa Seusruleblobis mizeziT<br />

xelSekrulebis Sewyvetamde ar gaafrTxilos igi<br />

amis Sesaxeb da ar dauniSnos gonivruli vada<br />

valdebulebis Sesasruleblad, rogorc amas kanoni<br />

moiTxovs.<br />

muxliT, romlis mixedviT `momxmarebelsa da<br />

sakuTari sarewis farglebSi movaWre pirs Soris<br />

quCaSi, saxlis win da msgavs adgilebSi dadebuli<br />

xelSekruleba ZalaSia mxolod maSin, Tu<br />

momxmarebeli erTi kviris vadaSi xelSekrulebas<br />

werilobiT ar uaryofs, garda im SemTxvevebisa,<br />

roca xelSekrulebis Sesruleba xdeba misi<br />

dadebisTanave~.<br />

evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba momxmarebelis<br />

ufro seriozul <strong>dacva</strong>s iTvaliswinebs. kerZod,<br />

85/577/EEC 41 direqtivis mixedviT momxmareblis<br />

mier 1 kviris manZilze xelSekrulebis werilobiTi<br />

uaryofis uflebis garda dadgenilia movaWris<br />

valdebuleba werilobiT acnobos momxmarebels<br />

misi am uflebis Sesaxeb da agreTve im piris saxeli<br />

da misamarTi, visac unda waredginos Setyobineba<br />

xelSekrulebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad,<br />

1-kviriani vadis aTvla mxolod momxmareblis<br />

mier amgvari werilobiTi informaciis miRebis<br />

Semdeg iwyeba. bunebrivia, Tuki aseTi Setyobineba<br />

momxmarebels ar miuRia, xelSekrulebis gauqmebis<br />

ufleba SeuzRudavi vadiT grZeldeba.<br />

aseTi <strong>dacva</strong> gaaCnia mxolod im momxmarebels,<br />

romelic Tavad ar aris biznesmeni da dadebuli<br />

xelSekruleba misi saqmianobis Cveulebriv<br />

saxes ar warmoadgens. evrokavSiris sasamarTlos<br />

mier sagangebod ganimarta 42 , rom im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

Tu movaWre `kardakar Sesyidvis~ saSualebiT<br />

wvrili mewarmeebisgan maT biznesis Sesyidvas<br />

axorcielebda, es ukanasknelebi `momxmareblebad~<br />

ar CaiTvlebodnen da 1 kviris vadaSi xelSekrulebis<br />

gauqmebis ufleba maTze ar vrceldeboda.<br />

Sor manZilze dadebuli xelSekruleba<br />

migvaCnia, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis<br />

moTxovnebi `standartuli xelSekrulebis~<br />

usamarTlo pirobebisgan momxmareblis dacvis<br />

Sesaxeb evrokavSiris 93/13/EEC direqtivis<br />

moTxovnebs Seesabameba.<br />

quCaSi dadebuli xelSekruleba<br />

egreT wodebuli `quCaSi dadebuli<br />

xelSekruleba~ niSnavs xelSekrulebas, romelic<br />

daido ara savaWro organizaciaSi, aramed sadme<br />

sxvagan _ quCaSi, momxmareblis saxlSi an mis karebTan<br />

momdgar gamyidvelTan. am xelSekrulebebis<br />

gansakuTrebuloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom<br />

vaWrobisTvis uCveulo situaciis da garemos gamo<br />

momxmarebeli moumzadebelia, igi gadawyvetilebas<br />

spontanurad iRebs, ar aqvs saSualeba kargad<br />

gaiazros Tavisi gadawyvetilebis siswore.<br />

saqarTveloSi aseTi xelSekrulebebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

mosalodneli Secdomebisgan momxmareblis <strong>dacva</strong><br />

gaTvaliswinebulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 336<br />

ekonomikuri urTierTobebisa da<br />

teqnologoiebis ganviTarebis fonze bolo<br />

aTwleulSi gaizarda Sor manZilze dadebuli<br />

xelSekrulebebis raodenoba, rac xels uwyobs<br />

evrokavSiris Sida bazarze saqonlisa da<br />

momsaxurebis Tavisufal mimoqcevas. Tumca<br />

sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom am tipis xelSekrulebis<br />

dros gacilebiT didia arasaTanado qmedebis<br />

saSiSroeba. Sesabamisad, momxmarebelTa uflebebis<br />

<strong>dacva</strong> Sor manZilze dadebuli xelSekrulebebis<br />

dros ufro met mniSvnelobas iZens.<br />

am sakiTxebis dasaregulireblad da<br />

momxmareblis uflebebis dasacavad evropulma<br />

sabWom 97/7/EC direqtiva miiRo.<br />

Sor manZilze dadebuli xelSekruleba<br />

41. direqtivis dasaxelebaa: “savaWro obieqtebis gareT dadebul<br />

xelSekrulebebTan dakavSirebiT momxmareblis dacvis Sesaxeb”<br />

42. evrosasamarTlos saqme 361/89<br />

23

# 108 biuleteni<br />

moicavs mimwodeblis mier organizebuli<br />

sistemis saSualebiT dadebuli xelSekrulebas<br />

momsaxurebisa da saqonlis SeZenaze, romlis<br />

drosac xdeba erTi an ramodenime distanciuri<br />

sakomunikacio saSualebis gamoyeneba. esenia:<br />

• werilobiTi dokumenti misamarTiT an<br />

misamarTis gareSe;<br />

• winswargamzadebuli<br />

werili;<br />

standartuli<br />

• presaSi reklama mza SekveTis<br />

formulariT;<br />

• katalogi;<br />

• satelofono komunikacia pirovnebis<br />

meSveobiT;<br />

• satelefono komunikacia avtomatis<br />

saSualebiT;<br />

• radio;<br />

• videotelefoni;<br />

• videoteqsti;<br />

• eleqtronuli fosta;<br />

• televizori (teleSopi);<br />

• telefaqsi.<br />

momxmarebeli xelSekrulebis dadebamde unda<br />

flobdes Semdeg informacias:<br />

• mimwodeblis vinaoba. Tu xelSekrulebiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebulia winaswari gadaxda, aucilebelia<br />

misamarTis miTiTebac;<br />

• saqonlisa da momsaxurebis ZiriTadi<br />

maxasiaTeblebi;<br />

• saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebuleba<br />

yvela gadasaxadis CaTvliT;<br />

• miwodebis xarjebi, Tu eseTi warmoiSveba;<br />

• gadaxdis da miwodebis/Sesrulebis<br />

detalebi;<br />

• baTilobis pirobebi;<br />

• Sor manZilze sakomunikacio teqnologiis<br />

gamoyenebis xarjebi, Tu isini ukve ar aris Sesuli<br />

fasSi;<br />

• SeTavazebis an fasis moqmedebis vada.<br />

direqtiva adgens Sor manZilze dadebuli<br />

xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis zrvrul vadas:<br />

mimwodebeli valdebulia 30 dReSi Seasrulos<br />

nakisri valdebuleba, Tu xelSekrulebiT sxva<br />

vada ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. vadis aTvla<br />

iwyeba momxmareblis mier SekveTis gakeTebis<br />

dRidan iwyeba. garda amisa, direqtivis mixedviT<br />

momxmarebels SeuZlia yovelgvari mizezis<br />

miTiTebis gareSe xelSekrulebis dadebidan 7<br />

samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi gaauqmos SekveTa da<br />

mimwodebels ar aqvs ufleba mas amisTvis raime<br />

“jarima” daakisros. Tu SekveTis gauqmebis momentSi<br />

mimwodeblis mier produqti ukve gagzavnilia, maSin<br />

momxmarebeli valdebulia misi ukan dabrunebis<br />

(transportirebis) xarjebi dafaros.<br />

aRwerili direqtivis Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo<br />

baza saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs. Sor manZilze<br />

dadebuli xelSekrulebebi iseTive normebiT<br />

regulirdeba, rogorc uSualod dadebuli<br />

da raime damatebiTi uflebebi saqarTvelos<br />

momxmarebels aseT xelsekrulebebSi ar gaaCnia.<br />

naklovanebis mqone produqcia da sagarantio<br />

urTierTobebi<br />

momxmareblisa da gamyidvels/mimwodebels<br />

Soris uTanxmoebis yvelaze xSiri mizezia aris<br />

miwodebuli produqciis/momsaxurebis Sesabamisoba<br />

momxmareblis molodinebTan an mimwodeblis<br />

dapirebebTan. iuridiul enaze rom vTqvaT,<br />

am mdgomareobas naklovani, an xelSekrulebis<br />

pirobebTan Seusabamo saqonlis/momsaxurebis<br />

miwodeba hqvia.<br />

naklovanebis mqone produqciis/momsaxurebis<br />

mimwodebelsa da momxmarebels Soris urTierTobas<br />

evrokavSiris 1999/44/EEC direqtiva aregulirebs.<br />

direqtivis mixedviT gamyidveli/mimwodebeli<br />

valdebulia momxmarebels „xelSekrulebis<br />

Sesabamisi“ saqoneli 43 miawodos. saqoneli iTvleba<br />

„xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad“, Tu:<br />

• Seesabameba gamyidvelis mier xelSekrulebis<br />

dadebisas miwodebul aRweras, an igive xarisxisaa,<br />

rac gamyidvelis mier winaswar naCvenebi nimuSebi;<br />

• gamosadegia im miznisTvis, risTvisac<br />

momxmarebeli mis gamoyenebas apirebs, ris Sesaxebac<br />

man Tavidanve acnoba gamyidvels da miiRo am nivTis<br />

am mizniT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis dasturi;<br />

• gamosadegia im miznisTvis, romlisTvisac am<br />

tipis nivTebi Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba;<br />

43. direqtiva mxolod moZrav nivTebs exeba.<br />

24

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

• gaaCnia iseTi xarisxi da maxasiaTeblebi,<br />

romelic am tipis produqciisTvis normaluria<br />

da gonivrulobis farglebSi mosalodneli iyo<br />

am produqciis xasiaTidan, agreTve reklamidan,<br />

warweridan an mewarmis an misi warmomadgenlis sxva<br />

sajaro ganacxadebebidan gamomdinare.<br />

Tu miwodebuli saqoneli xelSekrulebas<br />

ar Seesabameba, momxmarebels SeuZlia gamyidvels<br />

misi (ufaso 44 ) SekeTeba an gamocvla mosTxovos, rac<br />

gamyidvelma gonivrul vadaSi unda Seasrulos.<br />

Tu es SeuZlebelia, an Zalzed did xarjebTan, an<br />

did vadebTan, an momxmareblis SewuxebasTan aris<br />

dakavSirebuli, momxmarebels sanacvlod SeuZlia<br />

moiTxovos miRebuli saqonlis fasis Semcireba an<br />

xelSekrulebis moSla (gauqmeba). yvela aRwerili<br />

ufleba momxmarebels aqvs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu:<br />

• nakli aRmoCenilia saqonlis miRebidan 2<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi 45 da<br />

• naklis aRmoCenidan ori Tvis vadaSi<br />

momxmarebelma acnoba mimwodebels/gamyidvels<br />

aRmoCenili naklis Sesaxeb.<br />

garda amisa, saqonlis miwodebidan 6<br />

Tvis ganmavlobaSi moqmedebs momxmareblis<br />

„udanaSaulobis prezumfcia.“ anu, Tu saqonlis<br />

nakli am vadaSi iqna aRmoCenili, iTvleba, rom<br />

nakli saqonlis miwodebisas arsebobda (garda<br />

im SemTxvevebisa, roca es aSkarad SeuZlebelia<br />

saqonlis an naklovanebis bunebidan gamomdinare).<br />

saqonelze TandarTuli sagarantio<br />

xelSekrulebiT mimwodeblis aRwerili<br />

valdebulebebi SeiZleba mxolod gaizardos an<br />

dakonkretdes (magaliTad, mieTiTos misamarTi,<br />

sadac SeiZleba mimarTva saqonlis SekeTebs an<br />

gamocvlis moTxovniT).<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba 46 agreTve<br />

iTvaliswinebs momxmareblis uflebas naklovani<br />

saqonlis miwodebis SemTxvevaSi mosTxovos<br />

gamyidvels misi SekeTeba (naklis gamosworeba),<br />

gamocvla, fasis Semcireba an xelSekrulebis moSla<br />

da gadaxdili Tanxis dabruneba 47 . sainteresoa,<br />

rom saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT momxmarebels<br />

agreTve ufleba aqvs saqonlis SekeTebis, an<br />

SekeTebis xarjebis anazRaurebis, an gamocvlis<br />

moTxovnebi uSualod saqonlis damamzadebels<br />

44. gadagzavnis xarjebis CaTvliT<br />

wauyenos an daubrunos mas uxarisxo saqoneli da<br />

moiTxovos masSi gadaxdili Tanxis anazRaureba 48 .<br />

iseve, rogorc eropaSi, aqac moqmedebs momxmareblis<br />

„udanaSaulobis prezumfcia“: gamyidveli/<br />

damamzadebeli valdebulia daakmayofilos<br />

momxmareblis moTxovnebi, Tu ver daamtkicebs,<br />

rom naklovanebebi warmoiSva momxmareblis mier<br />

sargeblobisa da Senaxvis wesebis darRveviT 49 .<br />

Tumca saqarTveloSi momxmarebels aRwerili<br />

pretenziebis wardgenis ufleba mxolod saqonlis<br />

damamzadeblis mier dadgenili sagarantio vadis<br />

ganmavlobaSi gaaCnia. Tu aseTi vada dadgenili<br />

ar aris, momxmarebels aRniSnuli moTxovnebis<br />

wardgenis ufleba moZravi nivTebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

sul 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi aqvs, uZravi nivTebisTvis<br />

ki _ 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom<br />

arc Tu iSviaTad saqarTveloSi iyideba saqoneli,<br />

romelTaTvis mwarmoebels ramodenime kviriani<br />

an 2-3 Tviani sagarantio vada aqvs dadgenili,<br />

kanonis debulebaTa viwrod ganmartvis SemTxvevaSi<br />

aseTi saqonlis SemZeni momxmarebeli ufro metad<br />

zaraldeba, vidre im saqonlisa, romlisTvisac<br />

sagarantio vada dadgenili saerTod araa.<br />

sainteresoa, rom evrodireqtivisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT saqarTveloSi dadgenilia<br />

gamyidvelis/damamzadeblis mier saqonlis<br />

naklovanebis aRmofxvris sakmaod mkacri<br />

vadebi: damamzadeblisTvis es vada 10 dRea,<br />

gamyidvlisTvis ki 20 dRe momxmareblis mier<br />

Sesabamisi moTxovnis wayenebis momentidan.<br />

momxmareblis mier saqonlis gamocvlis moTxovnis<br />

Sesrulebis maqsimalur vadad ki 1 Tvea dadgenili.<br />

am vadebis gadacilebis SemTxvevaSi gamyidveli/<br />

damamzadebeli valdebulia yoveli gadacilebuli<br />

dRisTvis momxmarebels saqonlis Rirebulebis 1<br />

procentis odenobis pirgasamtexlo gadauxados 50 .<br />

am moTxovnis nebayoflobiT Seusruleblobis<br />

Taobaze davis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo<br />

uflebamosilia gamyidvels/damamzadebels<br />

ja ri ma daakisros 51 , romelic „momxmareblis<br />

moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis nebayoflobiTi<br />

wesis daucvelobisTvis sarCelis fasis odenobiT“<br />

ganisazRvreba 52 . vfiqrobT, rom importirebuli<br />

saqonlis SemTxvevaSi es moTxovnebi SesaZloa<br />

48. iqve, p.3<br />

49.iqve, p. 5<br />

50. „momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb“ kanonis me-17 muxlis<br />

Tanaxmad<br />

45. meoradi saqonlisTvis _ 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

46. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 487-497 muxlebi da “momxmarebelTa<br />

uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb” kanonis 13-29 muxlebi<br />

47. kanoni “momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb”, muxli 13,<br />

p.1 da 4<br />

51. savaraudod, igulisxmeba, rom es “jarima” aris Tanxa,<br />

romelic gamyidvelma/damamzadebelma saxlemwifos unda gadauxados.<br />

garda am Tanxisa, bunebrivia, sasamarTlo gamyidvels/<br />

damamzadebels momxmareblisTvis miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebasac<br />

daakisrebs<br />

52. imave kanonis me-9 muxlis Tanaxmad<br />

25

# 108 biuleteni<br />

gaumarTleblad mkacri iyos.<br />

momxmareblisTvis miyenebuli zianis<br />

anazRaureba<br />

evrogaerTianebis qveynebSi arsebobda<br />

gansxvavebuli sanqciebi naklovani produqciis<br />

gayidvis Sedegad warmoqmnili zianis anazRaurebis<br />

Sesaxeb. es garemoeba xels uSlida evrogaerTianebis<br />

Sida bazarze konkurenciis ganviTarebas da<br />

saqonlis Tavisufal mimoqcevas. gansxvavebuli<br />

pasuxismgeblobis dros evrogaerTianebis<br />

wevr qveynebSi momxmarebelTa uflebebi<br />

araerTgarovnadaa daculi.<br />

Sesabamisad 1985 wels miRebuli 85/374/<br />

EEC direqtiviT moxda naklovan produqtebze<br />

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebis harmonizacia<br />

evrogaerTianebis wevr qveynebSi. am direqtivis<br />

Tanaxmad damamzadebeli pasuxs agebs misi<br />

produqtis naklovanebiT gamowveul zianze.<br />

direqtivis mixedviT:<br />

• „produqti“ aris yvela moZravi sagani.<br />

is SeiZleba iyos sxva moZravi an uZravi sagnis<br />

Semadgeneli nawili. am direqtivis Tanaxmad<br />

produqti moicavs eleqtroenergiasac.<br />

• `damamzadebeli~ _ konkretuli produqtis<br />

an produqtis detalis mwarmoebeli, an is piri vinc<br />

mwarmoebels warmoadgens.<br />

direqtivis mixedviT piri romelic<br />

komerciuli mizniT (gayidva, gaqiraveba da<br />

sxva) evrogaerTianebis teritoriaze Semoitans<br />

naklovan produqcias, pasuxismgebelia iseve<br />

rogorc damamzadebeli. Tumca damamzadeblis<br />

pasuxismgebloba amis Sedegad ar izRudeba/<br />

mcirdeba. Tu ver xdeba damamzadeblis<br />

identificireba, maSin mimwodebeli agebs pasuxs<br />

naklovan produqtze. Tu warmoqmnili zianisaTvis<br />

pasuxismgebelia erTze meti piri, maSin isini pasuxs<br />

ageben solidarulad.<br />

damamzadebeli<br />

Tavisufldeba<br />

pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu igi daamtkicebs, rom:<br />

• produqti ar aris mis mier mimoqcevaSi<br />

Semotanili;<br />

• produqtis mimoqcevaSi Semotanis dros ar<br />

arsebobda is naklovaneba, romelmac gamoiwvia ziani<br />

an igi Semdgom periodSi warmoiqmna;<br />

• produqtis warmoeba ar momxdara<br />

komerciuli mizniT;<br />

• produqtis mimoqcevaSi Semotanis dros<br />

arsebuli mecniuerul-teqnikuri done ar iZleoda<br />

naklovanebis dadgenis saSualebas;<br />

• mis mier nawarmoebi produqtis nawilis<br />

naklovaneba gamowveulia araswori konstruqciiT.<br />

damamzadeblis pasuxismgebloba ar mcirdeba,<br />

Tu ziani produqtis naklovanebiTa da mesame<br />

piris qmedebis Sedegad warmoiqmna. sxvadasxva<br />

garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT damamzadeblis<br />

pasuxismgebloba SeiZleba Semcirdes an mTlianad<br />

moixsnas, Tu ziani produqtis naklovanebasTan<br />

erTad dazaralebulis braleulobiT aris<br />

gamowveuli.<br />

am direqtivis Tanaxmad ziani moicavs:<br />

• sikvdiliT da sxeulis dazianebiT<br />

gamowveul zians;<br />

• sxva sagnis dazianebas an ganadgurebas, Tu<br />

igi gamowvulia naklovani produqtiT. msgavsi<br />

SemTxvevebisTvis direqtiviT gansazRvrulia<br />

specialuri kriteriumebi.<br />

mniSvnelovania, rom kavSiri produqtis<br />

naklovanebasa da warmoqmnil zians Soris<br />

dazaralebulma Tavad unda amtkicos.<br />

zianis anazRaurebaze moTxovnis<br />

xandazmuloba Seadgens 3 wels im dRidan,<br />

rodesac momCivanma produqtis naklovanebis,<br />

warmoqmnili zianis da damamzadeblis vinaobis<br />

Sesaxeb Seityo. damamzadebeli Tavisufledeba<br />

pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu zianis gamomwvevi<br />

produqtis mis mier bazarze gasayidad gamotanidan<br />

gasulia 10 weli da dazaralebuls ar aRuZravs<br />

sarCeli am periodis ganmavlobaSi.<br />

es direqtiva ar gamoiyeneba radiaciuli<br />

SemTxvevebiT gamowveuli zianis dros, romlis<br />

Sesaxebac arsebobs evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis mier<br />

ratificirebuli saerTaSoriso SeTanxmeba.<br />

wevr qveynebs SeuZliaT gaiTvaliswinon<br />

sikvdilis an sxeulis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

mwarmoeblis jamuri pasuxismgeblobis zRvrebi,<br />

rac 70 milion ekiuze naklebi ar unda iyos.<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba<br />

`momxmarebelTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~<br />

saqarTvelos kanoniT gansazRvrulia naklovani<br />

produqtebis Sedegad momxmareblisTvis<br />

miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis regulireba.<br />

kerZod me-10 muxlSi ganxilulia qonebrivi<br />

pasuxismgebloba. momxmareblis mier saqonlis<br />

konstruqciuli, sawarmoo da receptuli<br />

naklovanebiT miyenebuli zarali eqvemdebareba<br />

srul anazRaurebas. momxmareblis sicocxlis,<br />

janmrTelobis da qonebisaTvis miyenebuli zarali<br />

eqvemdebareba anazRaurebas saqonlis vargisianobis<br />

dadgenis vadebSi, xolo Tu aseTi vada gansazRvruli<br />

26

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

ar aris, maSin saqonlis damzadebidan 10 wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi. damamzadebeli Tavisufldeba<br />

pasuxismgeblobisagan Tu damtkicda, rom zarali<br />

gamowveulia dauZleveli Zalis zemoqmedebiT an<br />

momxmareblis mier saqonlis Senaxvis an sargeblobis<br />

wesebis darRvevis Sedegad.<br />

xandazmulobis vadebi gansazRvrulia<br />

saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT, romlis<br />

Tanaxmadac xandazmulobis saerTo vada 10 wels,<br />

xolo saxelSekrulebo moTxovnis xandazmuloba<br />

3 wels, uZrav nivTebTan dakavSirebiT 6 wels<br />

Seadgens.<br />

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom 85/374/EEC direqtiviT<br />

gansazRvruli moTxovnebi saqarTveloSi<br />

Sesrulebulia.<br />

samomxmareblo krediti<br />

evrogaerTianebis wevr qveynebSi sakmaod<br />

ganviTarebulia safinanso bazari, rac mravali<br />

saxis sakredito urTierTobebs moicavs. kreditis<br />

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani saxeobaa samomxmareblo<br />

krediti, rac ZiriTadad produqciis da<br />

momsaxurebis SesaZenad gamoiyeneba.<br />

evrogaerTianebis qveynebSi samomxmareblo<br />

kreditze gansxvavebuli pirobebis arseboba xels<br />

uSlida produqciisa da momsaxurebis Tavisufal<br />

mimoqcevas evrogaerTianebis Sida bazarze.<br />

gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi regulireba<br />

aferxebda moqalaqeebis mier evrokavSiris sxva<br />

qveyanebSi kreditis aRebas, rac saqonlisa da<br />

kapitalis Tavisufal mimoqcevas aferxebda.<br />

am problemis gadasaWrelad aucilebeli<br />

gaxda evrokavSiris Sida bazrisTvis momxdariyo<br />

samomxmareblo kreditis pirobebis nawilobrivi<br />

unificireba. igulisxmeba kreditis aRebis<br />

pirobebis, xelSekrulebis formisa da masSi<br />

misaTiTebeli savaldebulo informaciis<br />

unificireba. Tumca es ar gulisxmobs identuri<br />

saprocento ganakveTis dadgenas sxvasxva qveynebSi.<br />

aq saubaria momxmareblis uflebis <strong>dacva</strong>ze, radgan<br />

kreditis pirobebisa da sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis<br />

Sesaxeb zusti informaciis miwodeba momxmarebels<br />

swori arCevanis gakeTebis saSualebas aZlevs.<br />

Tumca unificirebas uaryofoTi mxareebic aqvs.<br />

ar SeiZleba yvela tipis da zomis samomxmareblo<br />

kreditze vrceldebodes erTnairi pirobebi.<br />

magaliTad, Zalian mcire zomis sakredito<br />

xelSekrulebebisTvis<br />

unificirebuli<br />

moTxovnebis Sesruleba azrs kargavs, vinaidan<br />

isini sakmao danaxarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />

aseT mcire kreditebze (direqtivis mixedviT _<br />

”gansakuTrebuli saxis samomxmareblo kreditebis”)<br />

qvemoT aRwerili wesebi ar vrceldeba 53 .<br />

samomxmareblo kreditid pirobebis unificirebis<br />

sakiTxs aregulirebs 87/102/EEC direqtiva 54 .<br />

direqtivis ZiriTadi moTxovnebi Semdegia:<br />

• sakredito xelSekruleba unda daidos<br />

werilobiTi formiT da xelSekrulebis erTi<br />

egzempliari unda miiRos momxmarebelma.<br />

• sakredito xelSekrulebaSi aucileblad<br />

miTiTebuli unda iyos `realuri~ saprocento<br />

ganakveTi, rac gulisxmobs kreditis mTliani<br />

xarjebis procentul Tanafardobas kreditis<br />

saxiT aRebul TanxasTan. Cveulebrivad dadgenil<br />

procentis garda „realur“ procentSi igulisxmeba<br />

kreditis aReba-gastumrebisas momxmareblis mier<br />

dasafari yvela gadasaxadi. direqtivaSi amgvari<br />

xarjebis detaluri CamonaTvali aris miTiTebuli<br />

da TiToeuli maTganis SemTxvevaSi moyvanilia<br />

”realuri” saprocento ganakveTis gamoangariSebis<br />

formula. aqve miTiTebulia is xarjebic, romelic<br />

ar unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli saprocento<br />

ganakveTis gaangariSebisas, rogoricaa magaliTad im<br />

sabanko angariSis Senaxvis xarji, romlis meSveobiTac<br />

xdeba kreditiT aRebuli Tanxebis gankargva, garda<br />

im SemTxvevisa, rodesac momxmarebels ar aqvs bankis<br />

arCevanis Tavisufleba, an sakredito angariSis<br />

Senaxva gansakuTrebiT Zviria.<br />

• sakredito xelSekrulebaSi unda mieToTos<br />

is pirobebi, romlis drosac SesaZlebelia<br />

`realuri~ saprocento ganakveTis Secvla;<br />

aucilebelia gadaxdis ganrigis da konkretuli<br />

Tanxebis miTiTiTebac; agreTve im xarjebis<br />

miTiTeba, romelic ar Sedian `realuri~ saprocento<br />

ganakveTis gaangariSebis formulaSi, magram maTi<br />

gadaxda SeiZleba mouwios momxmarebels sakredito<br />

xelSekrulebis pirobebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi.<br />

Tu SeuZlebelia konkretuli Tanxis daTvla,<br />

aucilebelia, mieTiTos savaraudo Tanxa an am<br />

Tanxis gamoangariSebis wesi.<br />

• samomxmareblo kreditis reklamirebis<br />

dros aucilebelia sxva xarjebTan erTad mieTiTos<br />

53. qvemoT aRwerili direqtiva ar vrceldeba Semdegi tipis samomxmareblo<br />

kreditebze:<br />

• kreditebi miwis an Senobis SesaZenad, an Senobis remontis-<br />

Tvis;<br />

• uprocento kreditebi;<br />

• kreditebi, romelTa dafarva erTianad xorcieldeba.<br />

• kreditebi, romlTa Tanxac naklebia 200 ECU-ze an metia<br />

20000 ECU-ze<br />

• kreditebi, romelTac momxmarebeli iRebs 3-12 TviT da gadaxdebis<br />

raodenoba ar aRemateba 4-s.<br />

54. direqtivis Tanaxmad ”sakredito xelSekruleba” ara mxolod<br />

sabanko kredits, aramed konkretuli pirobebis sanacvlod yvela<br />

saxis gadaxdis gadavadebas moicavs. Tumca realobaSi msgavsi<br />

saqmianobebi umetesad safinanso institutebis daxmarebiT xorcieldeba.<br />

27

# 108 biuleteni<br />

`realuri~ saprocento ganakveTi. im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

Tu zusti informaciis gadacema rTulia, unda<br />

mieTiTos reprezentabeluri magaliTi.<br />

• xelSekrulebiT dadgenili unda<br />

iyos miwodebuli produqciis ukan waRebis<br />

procedura, gansakuTrebiT iseT SemTxvevebSi,<br />

roca momxmarebeli am gadawyvetilebas ar<br />

eTanxmeba (igulisxmeba iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac<br />

momxmarebeli ar Seasrulebs xelSekrulebiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebas).<br />

• sakredito xelSekrulebam ar unda SezRudos<br />

momxmareblis ufleba momwodeblis mimarT. es<br />

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania iseT SemTxvevebSi,<br />

rodesac irRveva sakredito xelSekrulebaSi<br />

miTiTebuli saqonelis an momsaxurebis miwodebis<br />

pirobebi.<br />

direqtivis Tanaxmad evrogaerTianebis wevr<br />

qveynebma unda moaxdinon kreditis gamcemi pirebis<br />

identificireba da awarmoon maTi kontroli.<br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba<br />

saqarTveloSi finansuri bazari da sabanko<br />

momsaxureba bolo wlebSi sakmaod ganviTarda.<br />

bolo 3 welia dainerga sxvadasxva axali sabanko<br />

momsaxureba da kreditis saxeoba. SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

rom sabanko seqtori mTliani Sida produqtis<br />

sakmaod did nawils qmnis. am wlebSi daixvewa<br />

sxvadasxva saqonlisa da momsaxurebis distribuciis<br />

meqanizmebic da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maRaziebi da<br />

bankebi sakmaod kargad urTierTTanamSromloben.<br />

Sesabamisad, ganvadebiT gayiduli saqonlisa da<br />

momsaxurebis moculoba gacilebiT gaizarda da<br />

igi samomxmareblo kreditis erT-erT yvelaze<br />

gavrcelebul saxeobas warmoadgens saqarTveloSi.<br />

Sesabamisad, sainteresoa ganvixiloT<br />

saqarTveloSi samomxmareblo kreditis regulireba<br />

momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT.<br />

`momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb~<br />

saqarTvelos kanonSi samomxmareblo kreditze<br />

da mis regulirebaze araferi ar aris naTqvami.<br />

`saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis~ 623-628<br />

muxlebSi samarTlebrivad daregulirebulia<br />

sesxis xelSekrulebis zogadi principebi. Tumca<br />

es muxlebi ufre metad sesxis gamcemis interesebs<br />

iTvaliswinebs vidre momxmareblis <strong>dacva</strong>s.<br />

sainteresoa is faqti, rom sesxis xelSekrulebis<br />

formas 624 muxli Semdegnairad gansazRvravs: `sesxis<br />

xelSekruleba ideba zepirad. mxareTa SeTanxmebiT<br />

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes werilobiTi formac.<br />

zepiri xelSekrulebis dros misi namdviloba ar<br />

SeiZleba dadgindes mxolod mowmeTa CvenebiT.~<br />

samoqalaqo kodeqsis 867-873 muxlebi ki<br />

gansazRvravs zogad pirobebs sabanko kreditisaTvis,<br />

rac nawilobriv mimarTulia momxmarebelTa<br />

uflebebis <strong>dacva</strong>ze.<br />

868-e muxlis me-4 da me-5 abzacSi naTqvamia:<br />

`sakredito xelSekrulebis dadebisas unda<br />

ganisazRvros saprocento ganakveTis zrdisa da<br />

Semcirebis zRvari da cvlilebaTa minimaluri<br />

Sualedi~, `kreditis gamcemi movalea misaRebi<br />

formiT Seatyobinos msesxebels kreditisaTvis<br />

saprocento ganakveTi~ _ es muxli nawilobriv<br />

Seesabameba zemoT moyvanil direqtivas, Tumca<br />

ar aris dakonkretebuli, romel saprocento<br />

ganakveTzea saubari. igulisxmeba, rom `realuri~<br />

saprocento ganakveTis miTiTebis valdebuleba da<br />

misi gamoTvlis wesebi saqarTveloSi ar moqmedebs.<br />

samoqalaqo kodeqsis 871-e muxli iTvaliswinebs<br />

sabanko xelSekrulebis vadaze adre Sewvetis<br />

pirobebs, rac SesabamisobaSia direqtivasTan.<br />

saqarTvelos kanoni `komerciuli bankebis<br />

saqmianobis Sesaxeb~ ar aregulirebs 87/102/EEC<br />

direqtiviT gansazRvrul moTxovnebs.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samomxmareblo kreditTan<br />

dakavSirebiT momxmarebelTa uflebebis <strong>dacva</strong><br />

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

ar aris.<br />

28

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biuleteni<br />

gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />

1. Vademecum on European standardisation , EC 2003, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/standards_policy/vademecum/index.htm<br />

2. Guide to the implementation of directives based on the New Approach and the Global Approach, EC, 2000, http://ec.europa.eu/<br />

enterprise/newapproach/legislation/guide/index.htm<br />

3. evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba<br />

4. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba<br />

`axali midgomis~ direqtivebi<br />

danarTi 1<br />

1. 2006/95/EC (Secvala „Zveli midgomis“ direqtiva 73/23/EEC), dabali Zabvis samomxmareblo danadgarebi<br />

2. 87/404/EEC, wnevagamZle balonebi<br />

3. 88/378/EEC, saTamaSoebi<br />

4. 89/106/EEC, samSeneblo produqcia<br />

5. 89/336/EEC, eleqtromagnituri Tavsebadoba (Seicvala 2004/108/EC-iT)<br />

6. 98/37/EC, manqana-danadgarebi (Seicvala 2006/42/EC-iT)<br />

7. 89/686/EEC, personaluri dacvis mowyobilobebi<br />

8. 90/384/EEC, amwoni instrumentebi<br />

9. 90/385/EEC, saimplantacio samedicino mowyobiloba<br />

10. 90/396/EEC, wvis danadgarebi<br />

11. 92/42/EEC, boilerebi<br />

12. 93/15/EEC, samoqalaqo moxmarebis asafeTqebeli nivTierebebi<br />

13. 93/42/EEC, samedicino mowyobiloba<br />

14. 94/9/EC, feTqebad atmosferoSi gamosayenebeli mowyobiloba<br />

15. 94/25/EC, masalebi TviTSemoqmedebisTvis<br />

16. 95/16/EC, liftebi<br />

17. 97/23/EC, dawnevis xelsawyoebi<br />

18. 98/79/EC, in-vitro samedicino sadiagnostiko mowyobiloba<br />

19. 1999/5/EC, tele-radio mowyobiloba<br />

20. 2000/9/EC, adamianTa gadamyvani sakabelo transporti<br />

21. 2004/22/EC, gamzomi xelsawyoebi<br />

evrokavSirSi sursaTis usafrTxo Semcvelobis<br />

maregulirebeli ZiriTadi normatiuli aqtebi<br />

danarTi 2<br />

1. sursaTis organoleptikuri maxasiaTeblebis Semcvleli danamatebi:<br />

• direqtiva 88/388/EEC, sursaTis aromatizatorebis Sesaxeb;<br />

• direqtiva 89/107/EEC, adamianTa sakvebSi gamosayenebeli danamatebis Sesaxeb;<br />

• direqtiva 94/35/EC, sursaTis damatkboblebis Sesaxeb;<br />

• direqtiva 94/36/EC, sakvebi saRebavebis Sesaxeb;<br />

• direqtivebi 95/2/EC da 96/77/EC, sursaTis sxva danamatebis Sesaxeb;<br />

2. sursaTis dabinZurebis aRkveTa:<br />

• regulacia (EEC)315/93 sakvebSi dambinZureblebTan dakavSirebuli zogadi procedurebis Sesaxeb;<br />

• regulacia (EC)466/2001 zogierTi dambinZureblis maqsimalurad daSvebuli koncentraciis Sesaxeb;<br />

1) hormonaluri da sxva narCenebi sakvebSi<br />

• direqtiva 96/22/EC hormonaluri da Tirostatikuri efeqtis mqone garkveuli nivTierebebis,<br />

agreTve beta-agonistebis, mecxoveleobis fermebSi gamoyenebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb;<br />

• direqtiva 96/23/EC cxoveluri warmoSobis sakveb produqtebSi garkveul nivTierebaTa da narCenebis<br />

monitoringis Sesaxeb;<br />

• regulacia (EC)396/2005 cxoveluri da mcenareuli warmoSobis sakvebSi pesticidebis narCenebis<br />

29

# 108 biuleteni<br />

maqsimaluri dasaSvebi odenobis Sesaxeb;<br />

2) radiaqtiuli dabinZureba<br />

• regulacia (Euratom)3954/87 avariis Sedegad sursaTis radiaqtiuli dabinZurebis maqsimalurad<br />

dasaSvebi donis Sesaxeb;<br />

• regulacia (EEC)2219/89 nebismieri radiaqtiuli avariis Semdeg sursaTis importis specialuri<br />

pirobebis Sesaxeb;<br />

• regulaciebi (EEC)737/90, (EC)686/95, (EC)616/2000 Cernobilis avariis Semdeg mesame qveynebidan sasoflo-sameurneo<br />

nawarmis importis regulirebis Sesaxeb;<br />

3) sakvebTan kontaqtisTvis gamiznuli masalebi da nivTebi:<br />

• regulacia (EC)1935/2004 sakvebTan kontaqtisTvis gamiznuli masalebisa da nivTebis Sesaxeb (zogadi<br />

sakiTxebi) da konkretuli masalis maregulirebeli direqtivebi:<br />

• 78/142/EEC, vinilqloridis monomeris Semcveli masalebi da nivTebi;<br />

• 84/500/EEC, keramikuli sagnebi;<br />

• 93/10/EEC, meoradi celulozis gamoyeneba;<br />

• 93/11/EEC. elastomerebis Semcveli masalebi da nivTebi;<br />

• 2002/72/EC da 82/711/EEC, plastmasis masalebi da nivTebi;<br />

3. genmodificirebuli organizmebis saSualebiT miRebuli sasursaTo produqciis regulireba:<br />

• direqtiva 90/219/EEC genetikurad modificirebuli mikroorganizmebis gancalkevebulad gamoyenebis<br />

Sesaxeb;<br />

• direqtiva 2001/18/EC genetikurad modificirebuli mikroorganizmebis garemoSi ganzrax gaSvebis<br />

regulirebis Sesaxeb;<br />

• regulacia (EC)1946/2003 genetikurad modificirebuli organizmebis transasazRvro gadaadgilebaTa<br />

Sesaxeb;<br />

• regulacia (EC)1829/2003 genetikurad modificirebuli sursaTis da cxovelTa sakvebis Sesaxeb;<br />

1995 wlidan saqarTveloSi savaldebulo sertifikacias<br />

daqvemdebarebuli produqciis nusxa<br />

danarTi 3<br />

produqcia, romelzedac savaldebulo sertifikacia SemoRebuliaa 1995 wlis 1 ianvridan<br />

• Tambaqos nawarmi<br />

• alkoholiani sasmelebi<br />

produqcia, romelzedac savaldebulo sertifikacia SemoRebulia 1995 wlis 1 ivlisidan<br />

• sayofacxovrebo xis damamuSavebeli dazgebi<br />

• xelis eleqtromeqanikuri instrumentebi<br />

• sayofacxovrebo da analogiuri eleqtroxelsawyoebi<br />

• kabeli da sadenebi<br />

• avtomatur xelsawyoTa gadamrTvelebi<br />

• danadgarebis dasakompleqtebeli da SemaerTebeli mowyobilobani teqnikuri ganaTlebis nakeTobani<br />

• dabal voltiani marTvis mowyobilobani<br />

• danadgaris damcavi mowyobilobani<br />

• dabali simZlavris transformatori da analogiuri mowyobilobani SesaduRebeli mowyobiloba<br />

• gadasaadgilebeli eleqtorsadguri<br />

• qimiuri denis wyaro<br />

• xelis eleqtroinstrumentebi<br />

• dabali simZlavris eleqtroZravebi<br />

• gamzomi xelsawyoebi<br />

• signalizaciis sistemebi<br />

• saTamaSo avtomatebi<br />

• telefonisa da fototelegrafis aparatebi<br />

• eleqtrokarebi<br />

• samedicino eleqroxelsawyoebi da aparatura<br />

• samedicino eleqtromowyobilebani<br />

• samedicino xelsawyoebi<br />

30

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biuleteni<br />

produqcia, romelzedac savaldebulo sertifikacia SemoRebulia 1995 wlis 1 seqtembridan<br />

• xorci da xorcis subproduqtebi<br />

• Tevzi da Tevzis nawarmi<br />

• rZe da rZis produqtebi, kvercxi, naturaluri Tafli, cxoveluri warmoSobis kvebis produqtebi<br />

• bostneuli da zogierTi Zirxveni<br />

• kakali, Txili, citrusebi da sakvebi nayofi<br />

• yava, Cai, saneleblebi<br />

• marcvleuli purisaTvis (xorbali, qeri, Wvavi da sxva)<br />

• fqvilovani da burRuleuli warmoebis produqcia<br />

• cximi: cxoveluri da mcenareuli<br />

• xorcis, Tevzis, kiborCxalisa da wylis sxv uxerxemlo cxovelebis nawarmi<br />

• Saqari da Saqriani sakonditro nawarmi<br />

• kakao da misi produqtebi<br />

• xoblis, fqvilis, saxameblisa da rZisgan miRebuli produqcia, fqvilovani sakonditro nawarmi.<br />

• bostneulis, xilis da Txilis gadamuSavebis produqtebi, konservebi da sxvadasxva kvebis produqtebi<br />

da kvebiTi danamatebi<br />

• mtkanri, mineraluri da samkurnalo sasmeli wyali<br />

• ualkoholo sasmelebi-Zmari<br />

• marili<br />

produqcia, razedac savaldebulo sertifikacia SemoRebulia 1996 wlis 1 ianvridan<br />

• satransporto saSualebebi, maTi Semadgeneli nawilebi<br />

• motocikleti, motoroleri, mopedi da maTi misabmelebi, velosipedebi instrumentebi almasis,<br />

sazeinklo-samontaJo, merqansaWreli<br />

• sasoflo-sameurneo mciregabaritiani traqtorebi da motoblokbi, sayofacxovrebo aparatura momuSave<br />

mkvriv, Txevad da gazisebr sawvavze, sabavSvo etlebi, saTamaSoebi<br />

• foladis milebi<br />

• gazqurebi<br />

• sainformacio teqnika da sakancelario mowyobilobani<br />

• kino-foto teqnika<br />

• savabSvo asortimentis bambis qsovilebi<br />

• sabavSvo fexsacmelebi<br />

• TeTreulis samkervalo nawarmi bavSvebisaTvis, xelovnuri tyavi<br />

• TeTreulis trikotaJis nawarmi bavSvebisaTvis<br />

• trikotaJis sacurao nawarmi bavSvebisaTvis<br />

• windis nawarmi bavSvebisaTvis<br />

• msubuqi nawarmi, romelic uSualod kontaqtSia adamianis sxeulTan, sinTeturi amiaki<br />

• qimiuri boWko da Zafi<br />

• kaprolaqti<br />

• samkurnalo saSualebebi<br />

• minis qilebi konservebisaTvis<br />

• boTlebi<br />

• benzini<br />

• dizelis sawvavi<br />

• sawvavi mazuTi<br />

• sanaTi navTi<br />

• saaviacio navTi<br />

• Txevadi gazi<br />

• navTobbitumi<br />

• sakedle masalebi<br />

• cementi<br />

• naxSiri<br />

• Siferi<br />

• Spaleri<br />

• saxuravis rbili masala<br />

• rkina-betonis konstruqciebi da nakeTobani<br />

• safanjre blokebi da karis blokebi<br />

• sanitaruli-higienuri nawarmi<br />

31

# 108 biuleteni<br />

• samedicino Spricebi da nemsebi ineqciisaTvis<br />

• samedicino mowyobilobani<br />

• Savi da feradi liTonis WurWeli<br />

• mineraluri sasuqi, sarecxi saSualebani<br />

• pesticidebi<br />

• saburavi da rezinis nakeTobani<br />

• kinolentebi<br />

• xis naxerxis filebi, asanTi, fanera, aveji<br />

• individualuri dacvis saSualebani<br />

• kalciumis karbidi<br />

• qaRaldi da qaRaldis nawarmi<br />

dReisTvis arsebuli qarTuli teqnikuri reglamentebi.<br />

danarTi 4<br />

akreditaciis sistemis teqnikuri reglamentebi:<br />

1. `zogadi moTxovnebi laboratoriebis akreditaciisadmi~<br />

2. `zogadi moTxovnebi Sesabamisobis Semfasebeli organoebis (serTifikaciis organoebis) akreditaciisadmi;<br />

3. akreditirebuli sertifikaciis organoebis da laboratoriebis saqmianobis sainspeqcio kontrolis<br />

Catarebis wesi;<br />

4. `akreditirebuli iuridiuli da fizikuri pirebis, akreditaciis sistemis monawileTa da akreditaciis<br />

moTxovnaTa Semcvleli dokumentebis reestris warmoebis wesi~<br />

5. akreditaciis centris akreditaciis sabWos reglamenti<br />

6. ssip `akreditaciis erTiani erovnuli organo – akreditaciis centris akreditaciis wesebi da<br />

procedurebi<br />

7. `zogadi moTxovnebi laboratoriebis akreditaciisadmi~<br />

8. zogadi moTxovnebi Seasabamisobis Semfasebeli organoebis (serTifikaciis organoebis akreditaciisaTvis)<br />

9. akreditebuli sertifikaciis organoebis da laboratoriebis saqmianobis sainspeqcio kontorlis<br />

da zedamxedvelobis Catarebis wesi<br />

10. akreditebuli iuridiuli da fizikuri pirebis akreditaciis sistemis monawileTa da<br />

akreditaciis moTxovnaTa Semcveli dokumentebis reestris warmoebis wesi<br />

11. akreditaciis centris akreditaciis sabWos reglamenti.<br />

metrologiis teqnikuri reglamentebi<br />

1. dakanonebuli gazmovis saSualebebis tipis damtkicebis erovnuli niSnis SemoRebis da gazomvis sa-<br />

Sualebaze datanis wesi<br />

2. dakanonebuli gazomvis saSualebebis pirveladi da perioduli damowmeba<br />

3. saxelmwifo kontrols daqvemdebarebuli (dakanonebuli) gazomvis saSualebebisadmi moTxovnebi<br />

4. cdomilebaTa xarisxis gaTvaliswinebiT dakanonebuli gazomvis saSualebaTa klasifikacia<br />

5. saxelmwifo etalonebis Senaxvisa da gauqmebis wesi<br />

transportis sferos maregulirebeli teqnikuri reglamentebi<br />

1. `meqanikuri satransporto saSualebis gadakeTebis wesebi~<br />

2. `sxvadasxa kategoriis avtosantransporto saSualebis testirebis perioduloba~<br />

3. `avtosantransporto saSualebaTa mimarT wayenebuli teqnikuri moTxovnebi da testirebis me-<br />

Todebi, romlebTan Sesabamisobis dadgenis mizniTac tardeba gzisTvis vargisobaze testireba~<br />

4. `avtosatransporto saSualebis gzisTvis vargisobaze savaldebulo perioduli testirebis<br />

firniSebis forma da damzadebis wesebi~<br />

5. `mwvane~, `ufro mwvane da usafrTxo~, `evro 3 usafrTxo~ da `evro 4 usafrTxo~ satvirTo avtomobilebisa<br />

da misabmelebisaTvis xmauris, gamonabolqvis, teqnikuri da usafrTxoebis moTxovnebTan Sesatyvisobisa<br />

da gzisTvis vargisobis testis sertifikatebis gacemisa da gamoyenebis wesi.<br />

6. `avtosatransporto saSualebebis servisis wesi~<br />

7. `saaviacio SemTxvevebisa da incidentebis samsaxurebrivi mokvlevis wesi~<br />

8. `saaviacio teqnikis teqnikuri momsaxurebis wesi~<br />

32

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biuleteni<br />

9. `sahaero xomaldebis eqspluatantis serTificirebis wesi~<br />

sxva teqnikuri reglamentebi:<br />

1. sursaTis fortifikaciis teqnikuri reglamenti<br />

2. sasmeli wylis teqnikuri reglamenti<br />

danarTi 5<br />

qveynebi, romelTa `teqnikuri regulirebis sferoSi moqmedi dokumentebi, romlebic<br />

gansazRvraven produqciis maxasiaTeblebs an masTan dakavSirebul procesebs da warmoebis<br />

meTodebs, Sesabamisi administraciuli debulebebis CaTvliT, romelTa <strong>dacva</strong>c<br />

savaldebuloa am qveynebSi~, saqarTveloSi aRiarebulia teqnikur reglamentebad:<br />

1. avstralia<br />

2. avstriis respublika<br />

3. axali zelandia<br />

4. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi<br />

5. belgiis samefo<br />

6. didi britaneTisa da CrdiloeT irlandiis gaerTianebuli samefo<br />

7. germaniis federaciuli respublika<br />

8. daniis samefo<br />

9. espaneTis samefo<br />

10. estoneTis respublika<br />

11. islandiis respublika<br />

12. irlandia<br />

13. italiis respublika<br />

14. iaponia<br />

15. kviprosis respublika<br />

16. kanada<br />

17. koreis respublika<br />

18. latviis respublika<br />

19. litvis respublika<br />

20. luqsemburgis didi sahercogo<br />

21. maltis respublika<br />

22. meqsikis SeerTebuli Statebi<br />

23. niderlandis samefo<br />

24. morvegiis samefo<br />

25. poloneTis respublika<br />

26. portugaliis respublika<br />

27. saberZneTis respublika<br />

28. safrangeTis respublika<br />

29. slovakeTis respublika<br />

30. sloveniis respublika<br />

31. ungreTis respublika<br />

32. CexeTis respublika<br />

33. fineTis respublika<br />

34. SvedeTis samefo<br />

35. Sveicariis konfederacia<br />

36. israelis saxelmwifo<br />

33

# 108 biuleteni<br />

sakvebdanamatebis nusxa, romelTa gamoyeneba akrZalulia<br />

sakvebi produqtebis wamroebisas<br />

danarTi 6<br />

kodi sakvebdanamatebis dasaxeleba teqnologiuri funqciebi<br />

E121<br />

citrusi wiTeli-2<br />

saRebavi<br />

(CITRUS RED 2)<br />

E123 amaranti<br />

(AMARANTH)<br />

saRebavi<br />

E240<br />

E924a<br />

E924b<br />

formaldehidi<br />

(FORMALDEHYDE)<br />

kaliumis bromati<br />

(POTASSIUM BROMATE)<br />

kalciumis bromati<br />

(CALCIUM BROMATE)<br />

saRebavi<br />

fqvilisa da puris gamaumjobeseli<br />

fqvilisa da puris gamaumjobeseli<br />

danarTi 7<br />

sursaTis warmoebis, transportirebis, Senaxvis da realizaciis maregulirebeli<br />

qarTuli sanitaruli wesebi da normebi:<br />

1. `sanitaruli wesebi rZis mrewvelobis sawarmoebisaTvis~<br />

2. `sanitaruli wesebi meRvineobis sawarmoebisaTvis~<br />

3. `sanitaruli wesebi sasmeli da mineraluri wylis damamuSavebeli da Camosasxmeli sawarmoebisaTvis~<br />

4. `sanitaruli wesebi macivrebisaTvis~<br />

5. sanitaruli wesebi `xorcis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis mowyoba, aRWurva da eqspluatacia~<br />

6. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `nayinis sawarmoebis mowyoba, aRWurva da eqspluatacia~<br />

7. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `ualkoholo sasmelebisa da xileuli wylebis sawarmoebis mowyoba,<br />

aRWurva da eqspluatacia~<br />

8. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `higienuri moTxovnebi sasursaTo vaWrobis sawarmoebisadmi~<br />

9. `sanitaruli wesebi sursaTis sabiTumo bazrebisaTvis~<br />

10. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `puris, funTuSeulisa da sakonditro nawarmis warmoeba~<br />

11. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `Txilis gadamamuSavebeli warmoeba~<br />

12. sanitaruli wesebi da normebi `Tevzis produqciis warmoeba da realizacia~<br />

34

# 108<br />

biuleteni<br />

produqciis usafrTxoebis dadasturebis sqemebi<br />

(modulebi) 93/465/EEC gadawyvetilebis mixedviT<br />

cxrili 1<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

D<br />

E<br />

F<br />

G<br />

H<br />

modulis dasaxeleba<br />

warmoebis Sida kontroli<br />

tipiuri nawarmis EC-<br />

Semowmeba (type-approval, typeexamination)<br />

Sesabamisoba tipiur<br />

nawarmTan<br />

warmoebis xarisxis<br />

dadastureba<br />

nawarmis xarisxis<br />

dadastureba<br />

nawarmis Sesabamisobis<br />

dadastureba (verifikacia)<br />

erTeulis Sesabamisobis<br />

dadastureba (verifikacia)<br />

xarisxis uzrunvelyofis<br />

sruli sistemis<br />

dadastureba<br />

modulis aRwera<br />

moicavs nawarmis daproeqtebis da warmoebis fazebs.<br />

mewarme Tavad amowmebs Tavisi produqciis<br />

Sesabamisobas direqtivasTan, adgens Sesabamisobis<br />

deklaracias da asvams niSans produqciaze.<br />

Sesabamisobis deklaracias Tan unda axldes<br />

teqnikuri dokumentacia, romelic asabuTebs<br />

produqciis Sesabamisobas Sesabamisi direqtivis<br />

usafrTxoebis moTxovnebTan. Sesabamisobis<br />

deklaracia inaxeba mewarmesTan sul cota 10 wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi da moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi waredgineba<br />

bazris makontrolebel organos.<br />

proceduras SesaZloa daematos damoukidebeli<br />

organos mier ganxorcielebuli warmoebis an<br />

nawarmis perioduli Semowmebebi .<br />

xorcieldeba produqciis daproeqtebis fazaSi.<br />

samagaliTo nawarmis Semowmeba tardeba da<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikati gaicema damoukidebeli<br />

organos 1 mier.<br />

xorcieldeba B modulis Semdgom, warmoebis fazaSi,<br />

Tavad mewarmis mier. mewarme adgens Sesabamisobis<br />

deklaracias da asvams niSans produqciaze.<br />

SesaZloa daematos perioduli Semowmebebi<br />

damoukidebeli organos mier.<br />

xorcieldeba B modulis Semdgom, warmoebis fazaSi.<br />

damoukidebeli organo amowmebs da adasturebs<br />

warmoebis procesSi xarisxis uzrunvelyofis<br />

sistemas da saboloo produqciis inspeqtirebis da<br />

testirebis sistemas (anu EN ISO 9002 standartTan<br />

Sesabamisobas)<br />

xorcieldeba B modulis Semdgom, warmoebis fazaSi.<br />

damoukidebeli organo amowmebs da adasturebs<br />

saboloo produqciis inspeqtirebis da testirebis<br />

sistemas (anu EN ISO 9003 standartTan Sesabamisobas)<br />

xorcieldeba B modulis Semdgom, warmoebis<br />

fazaSi. damoukidebeli organo amowmebs nawarmis<br />

Sesabamisobas tipiur (samagaliTo) nawarmTan da<br />

gascems Sesabamisobis sertifikats<br />

moicavs nawarmis daproeqtebis da warmoebis<br />

fazebs. TiToeuli calkeuli nawarmi mowmdeba<br />

damoukidebeli organos mier, romelic gascems<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikats<br />

moicavs nawarmis daproeqtebis da warmoebis<br />

fazebs. damoukidebeli organo amowmebs xarisxis<br />

uzrunvelyofis sistemas nawarmis daproeqtebis<br />

da warmoebisas, agreTve saboloo produqciis<br />

inspeqtirebis da testirebis sistemas (anu EN ISO<br />

9001 standartTan Sesabamisobas)<br />

55. aq da Semdgom igulisxmeba Notified Body, anu kompania, romelic evrokomisiis mier aRiarebulia (daniSnulia) konkretuli<br />

direqtivis moTxovnebis Sesabamisobis Semowmebis organod. aRiareba/daniSvna xdeba Tanamegobrobis romelime qveynis<br />

wardginebiT. “axali midgomis” TiToeul direqtivas Tan axlavs am direqtivis miznebisTvis aRiarebuli Semowmebis<br />

organoebis sia.<br />

35

# 108 biuleteni<br />

produqciis Sesabamisobis procedurebis gavlis alternatiul<br />

SesaZleblobaTa amsaxveli gamartivebuli sqema 56<br />

diagrama 1<br />

daproeqtebis<br />

warmoebis faza<br />

MODULE A<br />

MODULE C<br />

mewarme<br />

MODULE B<br />

MODULE D<br />

MODULE E<br />

MODULE F<br />

MODULE G<br />

MODULE H<br />

56. sqema aRebulia dokumentidan: Guide to the implementation of directives based on the New Approach and the Global Approach, EC, 2000<br />

36

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