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# 108 biuleteni<br />
dacva pirdapir kavSirSia saxelmwifoSi bazris<br />
zedamxedvelobis sistemis muSaobasTan, amitom<br />
am or sferos _ bazris zedamxedvelobas da<br />
momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvas erToblivad<br />
ganvixilavT.<br />
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi<br />
aSS-s ar gaaCnia erTiani yovlismomcveli<br />
kanonmdebloba, romelic gansazRvravs, ro gorc<br />
saqonlis da momsaxurebis xarisxs, ise momxmarebelTa<br />
da gamyidvelTa uflebebs. amdenad aSS-<br />
Si momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis principebi<br />
gvxvdeba saxelSekrulebo samarTalsa da<br />
kongresis mier miRebul sxvadasxva kanonebSi<br />
(moixsenieba rogorc `federalur kanonebi~ an<br />
`federalur sakanonmdeblo aqtebi~), federaluri<br />
kanonebis safuZvlebze federaluri saxelmwifo<br />
organoebis mier dadgenil wesebsa da normativebSi,<br />
federaluri saxelmwifo organoebis an sasamarTlos<br />
mier miRebul dadgenilebaSi (miReba xorcieldeba<br />
konkretul SemTxvevebSi).<br />
garda amisa momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis<br />
principebi gvxvdeba federaluri saxelisuflo<br />
organoebis gancxadebebSi, romlebic ganmartaven<br />
kanons. da bolos, calkeuli Statebis da qalaqebis<br />
municipalitetebi, maTi kompetenciis farglebSi,<br />
axorcieleben samarTaldamcav saqmianobas momxmarebelTa<br />
uflebebis dacvis kanonebis aRsrulebis<br />
sferoSi.<br />
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aSS-Si<br />
momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvas, kompetenciis<br />
farglebSi, emsaxureba Semdegi federaluri<br />
organoebi:<br />
• federaluri vaWrobis komisia;<br />
• samomxmareblo saqonlis usafrTxoebis<br />
komisia (damoukidebeli saxelmwifo maregulirebeli<br />
organo);<br />
• sakvebi produqtebis da medikamentebis<br />
xarisxis sanitaruli zedamxedvelobis sammar -<br />
Tvelo (Sedis janmrTelobis dacvis da socialuri<br />
uzrunvelyofis saministros SemadgenlobaSi);<br />
• kvebis produqtebis inspeqtirebis da usafrTxoebis<br />
samsaxuri (Sedis soflis meurnebis<br />
saministroSi);<br />
• sasaqonlo niSnebis da patentebis ofisi (Sedis<br />
vaWrobis saministros SemadgenlobaSi;<br />
• avtosagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebis erovnuli<br />
sammarTvelo (Sedis transportis saministros<br />
SemadgenlobaSi);<br />
• kavSirgabmulobis saSualebaTa federaluri<br />
komisia (damoukidebeli maregulirebeli saxelmwifo<br />
organo);<br />
• fasiani qaRaldebis da birJebis komisia<br />
(damoukidebeli maregulirebeli saxelmwifo<br />
organo).<br />
aSS-Si arsebobs kidev ramdenime saxelmwifo<br />
organo, romelic aregulirebs sabanko sferos,<br />
karZod:<br />
1. fuladi operaciebis makontrolebeli<br />
samsaxuri (Sedis finansTa saministros<br />
SemadgenlobaSi);<br />
2. Semnaxveli dawesebulebebis sazedamxedvelo<br />
kancelaria;<br />
3. federaluri sarezervo sistema;<br />
4. depozitebis dazRvevis federaluri<br />
korporacia.<br />
didi britaneTi<br />
momxmarebelTa sferos ZiriTadi<br />
sakanonmdeblo aqtebia<br />
1. 1987 wlis kanoni `momxmarebelTa<br />
usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb~;<br />
2. 1990 wlis kanoni `sursaTis usafrTxoebis<br />
Sesaxeb~;<br />
3. 1994 wlis gankarguleba produqtebis<br />
saerTo usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb;<br />
4. 1998 wlis kanoni `konkurenciis Sesaxeb.~<br />
did britaneTSi moqmedebs bazris<br />
zedamxedvelobis decentralizebuli sistema<br />
(ix. sqema 1). centralur mTavrobas da adgilobriv<br />
xelisuflebas Soris dadebulia SeTanxmeba<br />
(Enforcement Concordar) produqciis usafrTxoebis<br />
da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis kanonebis<br />
cxovrebaSi gatarebis Sesaxeb.<br />
did britaneTSi produqciis (m.S. sursaTis)<br />
usafrTxoebis da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis<br />
sferoSi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis umravlesobis<br />
dacvis kontrolze pasuxismgebelia adgilobriv<br />
xelisuflebasTan arsebuli Trading Standards-is<br />
departamentebi (Trading Standards Departments), romel-<br />
Tac zedamxedvelobis sakiTxebSi uflebamisileba<br />
zemoxsenebuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze vaWrobis<br />
da mrewvelobis samTavrobo departamentma (DDTI)<br />
mianiWa. Trading Standards-is departamentebi maRalkvalificiuri<br />
specialistebiT dakompleqtebuli<br />
damoukidebeli organizaciebia, romelTac adgilobrivi<br />
xelisufleba qiraobs zedamxedvelobis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad da, Sesabamisad, angariSvaldebulic<br />
maT winaSe arian.<br />
momxmarebelTa ekonomiuri interesebis<br />
(samom xmareblo krediti, macdunebeli reklama,<br />
uZravi qonebiT vaWroba da a.S.) dacvis da jansaRi<br />
konkurenciis sferoSi zedamxedvelobis organos<br />
keTilsindisieri vaWrobis sammarTvelo (Office of Fair<br />
Trading - OFT) warmoadgens. yvela dargSi jandacvasa<br />
da Sromis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb kanonis dacvaze<br />
zedamxedveloba adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan<br />
arsebul garemos departamentebs ekisrebaT.<br />
adgilobrivi xelisufleba zedamxedvelobis<br />
am sferoSi angariSvaldebulia jandacvis da<br />
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi samTavrobo saagentos<br />
(Health & Safety Executive - HSE) winaSe. sasursaTo<br />
40
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