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a aris tyekafi?tyekafi aris tyeSi gamoyofili gansazRvruli farTobisadgili, romelzec moniSnulia mosaWreli xeebi da tyidangamijnulia vizirebiT (TvalsaCino niSnuliT), an bunebrivisazRvrebiT. amasTanave tyekafis nomrisa da farTobisaRmniSvneli boZiT. boZze unda mieTiTos gamoyofis adgili,weli da Wris saxe. tyekafis farglebs gareT Wra, unebarTvo(ukanono) Wrad iTvleba. tyekafis gamoyofa xdebatyeTmowyobis masalebis safuZvelze. tyekafis gamoyofatyeSi xdeba misi eqspluataciaSi gadacemamde erTi wliTadre. dgeba misi aTviseba-damuSavebis dokumenti, romelSicmocemulia, tyekafis forma da gamoyofis drosgansazRvruli ZiriTadi maCveneblebi: tyekafis farTobi,Semadgenloba, sixSire, saxeobis mixedviT mosaWreli xe-tyismaragi kubur metrebSi, merqnis saSualo maragi 1-ha-ze, xisReros saSualo moculoba, mozardis sixSire da mosaWrelimerqniani saxeobebi. tyekafze TiToeul mosaWrel merqnianxe-mcenares aqvs Tavisi individualuri nomeri da damRafesvis yelTan. nomeri iwereba tyekafis dokumentSi daaRniSnuli xis moWris kanonierebas aRniSnavs. unomro dadaudamRavi xis moWra, iTvleba unebarTvo (ukanono) Wrad.fizikurma Tu iuridiulma pirma, romelsac gaaCniatyiTsargeblobis licenzia, tyekafze Wris dawyebamde undawarmoadginos da adgilobriv satyeo samsaxurTan SeaTanxmostyekafis aTvisebis teqnologiuri ruka - dokumenti,romelic Seicavs informacias farTobis, reliefis, niadagis,Wris formis, moris Trevis saxeebis, xe-tyis zeda sawyobisadgilis, dasatvirTi moednis, xe-tyis sazidi gzebisganlagebis, tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis uzrunvelyofis,eroziisagan dacvis da tyekafze arsebuli mozardisSenarCunebis Sesaxeb. ras niSnavs koromis simwifis asaki?koromis simwifis asaki aris asaki, romelSic koromi iZensraodenobriv da xarisxobriv maCveneblebs, romelic yvelazemetad Seesabameba sameurneo miznebs. ganasxvavebenraodenobrivi simwifis asaks (asaki, romelSic erTi asakisa dasaxeobis xeebisagan Semdgari koromi mocemul pirobebSiaRwevs cocxali xis merqnis maqsimalur odenobas), sasaqonlosimwifis (asaki, romelSic SeiZleba miRebul iqnes samasalemerqnis maqsimaluri odenoba), "biologiuri" simwifis (asaki,romlis Semdgom iwyeba erTi asakis koromis swrafi daSla) dasxva saxis simwifis asaks. sxvadaxva asakis xeebisan Semdgari38
koromisaTvis cneba "simwifis asaki" praqtikulad ar gamoiyeneba.praqtikaSi gamoyenebuli simwifis asaki TiToeulisaxeobisaTvis unda dgindebodes saxelmwifo organoebis mierfarTo teritoriis garemo pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. ras niSnavs koromis sixSire?sixSire gansazRvravs xeTa dgomis simWidroves. normalurkoromSi (tyis ubanSi), sadac xeTa dgomis simWidrove imdenadxSiria, rom iq SeuZlebelia xis Camateba, miCneulia 1,0sixSiris koromad. aqedan gamomdinare koromis sixSireSeiZleba iyos 0,9; 0,8; 0,7; 0,6; 0,5; 0,4; 0,3; 0,2; 0,1. ra aris merqnis maragi?merqnis maragi aris mozardi xeebis varjis saerTo moculoba(gamosaxuli kuburi metrebiT erT heqtarze). Cveulebrivgamoiyeneba "saZire maragi" anu merqnis saerTo maragi,kerweroebisa da jirkebis CaTvliT. e.w. "likviduri maragi"anu maragi, romelic SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnas sameurneomniSvnelobiT, 10-15%-iT naklebia, vidre "saZire maragi".likvidur maragSi Sedis rogorc samasale, ise saSeSe merqani. ras niSnavs likviduri merqani (likvidi)?likviduri merqani aris merqnis nawili, romelic SeiZlebagamoyenebul iqnas adamianis mier. amaSi Sedis gaqerqilisamasale merqani da gauqerqavi saSeSe merqani. zogadadmiRebulia, rom likviduri merqani Seadgens merqnis saerTomaragis daaxloebiT 87%-s. tyis Wris ra wesebi moqmedebs Cvens qveyanaSi?Wris wesebis safuZvlebi mocemulia saqarTvelos kanonSi“saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi”. Wra regulirdeba am kanoniTaseve misgan gamomdinare debulebebiT, saqarTvelosprezidentis brZanebulebiT da sxva normatiuli aqtebiT. amwesebis dacva savaldebuloa yvela uwyebisaTvis, romelTagamgeblobaSic imyofeba tyeebi, agreTve fizikuri daiuridiuli pirebisaTvis, romlebic ewevian tyeSi nebismieriWris saxeobiT merqnis damzadebas.saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs ZiriTadad samisaxis Wris wess: mTavari sargeblobis, movliT da specialurWrebs. Tavis mxriv, es Wrebic iyofa sxvadasxva saxeebad.tyis Wris saxeebis SerCeva warmoebs merqnian saxeobaTabiologiuri da ekologiuri Taviseburebebis, tyis tipebis,tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis, eroziis winaaRmdeg39
Page 4 and 5: dReisaTvis saqarTvelos tyeebi mTlia
Page 6 and 7: uwevdnen prefeqtebi, romlebic daniS
Page 8 and 9: sakrebulo Sedgeba 4 wlis vadiT arCe
Page 10 and 11: TviTmmrTvelobis reformis dadebiTi d
Page 12 and 13: adgilebSi ki aseTi formaluri gadace
Page 14 and 15: harmoniuli SeTavseba. aseve mniSvne
Page 16 and 17: wina wlebis “gamocdilebidan” ga
Page 18 and 19: aRar gagrZelda. es iyo erT-erTi kar
Page 20 and 21: aris saeklesio tyeebi, anu tyeebi,
Page 22 and 23: ganxilvebis organizeba, garemosdacv
Page 24 and 25: saSeSe da samasale resursis savarau
Page 26 and 27: 6. adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyis ma
Page 28 and 29: 5. sofel sasaSis tye, sadacramdenim
Page 30 and 31: 13-16. ukanono Wrebisa da Wris wese
Page 32 and 33: “tyis kodeqsis” 35-e muxlis 1-l
Page 34 and 35: zedamxedvelobaadgilobrivi TviTmmarT
Page 36 and 37: zepiri direqtivebi da miTiTebebi ad
Page 38 and 39: SeiZleba satyeo miwebis sxvadasxva
Page 40 and 41: garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT, nabeli
Page 42 and 43: mcire ganmartebebi aqtualur sakiTxe
Page 46 and 47: niadagis mdgradobis, ferdobTa eqspo
Page 48 and 49: Semdeg ar unda davides 0,6-ze qvevi
Page 50 and 51: an ,,saSeSe merqnis kanonierebis da
Page 52 and 53: saxerxebi. xe-tyis saxerx sawarmoeb
Page 54 and 55: gamoyenebuli literatura1. adgilobri

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