saswavlo-meToduri filmi da gzamkvlevi
saswavlo-meToduri filmi da gzamkvlevi
saswavlo-meToduri filmi da gzamkvlevi
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kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi (<strong>saswavlo</strong>-<strong>meToduri</strong> <strong>filmi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>gzamkvlevi</strong>)filmsa <strong>da</strong> gzamkvlevze muSaobdnen:paata papavanaTia nacvliSvilinato maxarobliZemaka maxarobliZeqeTi ficxelauriproeqtis koordinatori:naTia nacvliSvilistili <strong>da</strong> koreqtura:maia menabdeydis dizaini:besik <strong>da</strong>nelia2
sarCeviSesavali............................................................................................................................ 5didi wignebis erToblivi kiTxva............................................................................... 18mniSvnelovani sityvebi................................................................................................23<strong>da</strong>fiqrdi, <strong>da</strong>wyvildi, gauziare ............................................................................... 303orientirebuli kiTxva ................................................................................................ 35mkiTxvelTa Teatri ...................................................................................................... 42urTierTswavleba ......................................................................................................... 49
Sesavali`kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi~ warmoadgens <strong>da</strong>mxmare meTodur masalassaqarTvelos skolebis maswavleblebisTvis. warmodgenili <strong>gzamkvlevi</strong>sa<strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>rTuli <strong>filmi</strong>s ZiriTadi mizania, xeli Seuwyos maswavleblebswignierebaze orientirebuli saklaso garemosa <strong>da</strong> <strong>saswavlo</strong> procesisorganizebaSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, TiToeuli moswavlis akademiuri warmatebisyvelaze myari safuZvelia nebismier saganSi. masala moicavs kiTxvisswavlebisa <strong>da</strong> swavlis saukeTeso, mravalgzis aprobirebul meTodebs,romelTa gamoyenebac sagrZnoblad gaaumjobesebs moswavleTa kiTxviTunar-Cvevebs. mocemuli meTodebi maRali efeqturobiT gamoirCeva <strong>da</strong> maTi<strong>saswavlo</strong> procesSi <strong>da</strong>nergva swrafad iZleva sasurvel Sedegs. amgvarad,warmodgenili masalis <strong>da</strong>muSavebis gziT, maswavleblebi SeZleben, kideverTxel gaiazron kiTxvis mniSvneloba TavianT saganSi (sagnobriv jgufSi),gamokveTon efeqturi kiTxvis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi <strong>da</strong> aRiWurvon kiTxvisswavlebis ramdenime saukeTeso meTodiT.5`kiTxvis efeqturi meTodebi" moicavs or komponents: <strong>saswavlo</strong> meTodurfilmsa <strong>da</strong> mis gzamkvlevs. gTavazobT ramdenime ZiriTad rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias,romelic gagiadvilebT warmodgenili meTodebis efeqturad <strong>da</strong>nergvas<strong>saswavlo</strong> praqtikaSi:masalis efeqturi gamoyenebisaTvis, aucilebelia filmsa <strong>da</strong>gzamkvlevze paralelurad muSaoba. konkretuli meTodi filmSiwarmodgenilia sagakveTilo situaciebis meSveobiT, <strong>gzamkvlevi</strong>ki films Teoriuli mimoxilviT avsebs <strong>da</strong> maswavlebels meTodisganxorcielebis safexurebis aRweras sTavazobs;sasurvelia, maswavleblebma yuradRebiT <strong>da</strong>amuSaon <strong>gzamkvlevi</strong>sSesavali, sa<strong>da</strong>c is mTavari konceptualuri sakiTxebia ganxiluli,romelic eqvsive meTodis safuZvelsa <strong>da</strong> ideur sayrdens warmoadgens<strong>da</strong> mxolod amis Semdeg ga<strong>da</strong>vidnen calkeuli meTodebis ganxilvaze;warmodgenil masalas maswavlebeli SeiZleba gaecnos rogorcindividualurad, aseve, kolegebTan erTad. Tumca, mniSvnelovaniiqneba, Tu SeirCeva iseTi samuSao formati (mag. kaTedra, sagnobrivijgufebi), romelic maswavleblebs diskusiisa <strong>da</strong> mosazrebebisurTierTgaziarebis saSualebas miscems. aseTi reJimi xels Seuwyobsrogorc, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, Sinaarsis siRrmiseul gaTavisebas, aseve, meTodebis<strong>da</strong>nergvis procesis etapobriv <strong>da</strong> mizanmimarTul ganxorcielebas;meTodebis <strong>da</strong>nergvis procesSi, gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobakolegebis TanamSromlobasa <strong>da</strong> urTierTswavlebas eniWeba.urTierTswavlebis yvelaze gavrcelebul formad ki SeiZlebawyvilebSi muSaoba CaiTvalos, rodesac ori kolega winaswar Tanxmdebakonkretuli meTodis gamoc<strong>da</strong>ze, ganixilavs erTmaneTis gakveTilisgegmebs, eswreba erTmaneTis gakveTils <strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs TavianTSeniSvnebsa <strong>da</strong> mosazrebebs uziarebs;meTodebis <strong>da</strong>nergvis procesSi mocemuli Tanmimdevrobis <strong>da</strong>cvaaucilebeli ar aris. maswavlebels SeuZlia, upiratesoba romelimekonkretul meTods mianiWos, imis mixedviT, Tu kiTxvis romelaspeqtze (gamarTuli kiTxva, leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba,wakiTxulis gageba <strong>da</strong> a.S.) surs muSaoba mocemul etapze;
maswavleblebs SeuZliaT, SemoqmedebiTad miudgnen TiToeul meTods;SeuZliaT maTi a<strong>da</strong>ptireba konkretuli klasis saWiroebebisa <strong>da</strong>xelmisawvdomi resursebis mixedviT; SeuZliaT Secvalon teqsti,gamoiyenon moswavleTa <strong>da</strong>jgufebisa <strong>da</strong> klasis organizebisgansxvavebuli aqtivobebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. mTavaria, meTodis idea <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadifazebi SenarCundes.Tanamedrove qarTul skolaSi kiTxvis swavlebis aqtualobaze yuradRebaramdenime mniSvnelovani faqtoris gamo gavamaxvileT. kerZod:efeqturi kiTxvis unari, praqtikulad yvela saganSi, swavlisa <strong>da</strong>akademiuri warmatebis fun<strong>da</strong>mentia. vinai<strong>da</strong>n moswavleebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvasaganSi gansxvavebuli tipis teqstebTan uwevT muSaoba, kiTxvisswavleba scildeba mSobliuri enis programis farglebs <strong>da</strong> sagnobrivikaTedrebis pasuxismgeblobebs uerTdeba;kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom Tu bavSvma cxra wlis asaks ise ga<strong>da</strong>abija,rom kiTxvis sabaziso unarebi arasaTanadod Camouyalib<strong>da</strong>, misiSemdgomi akademiuri moswreba didi saSiSroebis winaSe dgeba. kiTxvaSiwarumatebeli bavSvebis umravlesoba (sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kvlevis mixedviT,<strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 80-90%) skolis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebamde warumatebel moswavledgvevlineba. kiTxvis unaris ganmtkiceba <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi safexuris gavlisSemdegac, anu sabazo <strong>da</strong> saSualo safexurebzec Zalze mniSvnelovania.es gulisxmobs <strong>saswavlo</strong> procesis gamdidrebas axali meTodebiTa <strong>da</strong>strategiebiT <strong>da</strong> mravalferovani sakiTxavi masaliT. aseve, aqtualuriakiTxvisa <strong>da</strong> weris, rogorc swavlis fun<strong>da</strong>menturi unarebis integrireba<strong>saswavlo</strong> procesSi;saqarTveloSi Catarebulma kvlevebma arasaxarbielo suraTi <strong>da</strong>gvanaxa.2006 wels saqarTvelom monawileoba miiRo wignierebis saerTaSoriso,farTomasStabian kvlevaSi, romelic 9-10 wlis bavSvTa kiTxvis unarisSefasebas isaxav<strong>da</strong> miznad. msoflios 45 qveynis bavSvebi qarTvelbavSvebTan erTad iRebdnen monawileobas kvlevaSi: isini erTsa <strong>da</strong> imavedros, erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave teqsts kiTxulobdnen <strong>da</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>rTul testurSekiTxvebs pasuxobdnen. aRniSnuli kvlevis mixedviT, qarTvel bavSvebssaSualoze <strong>da</strong>bali miRwevebi aqvT, bolo<strong>da</strong>n me-9 adgili 45 qveyanaSi;bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSic <strong>da</strong>grov<strong>da</strong> kiTxvis/wignierebis donis amaRlebaze orientirebuli pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri codna <strong>da</strong>gamocdileba. ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> ramdenime programa, romlis farglebSicmaswavleblebma mniSvnelovan warmatebebs miaRwies kiTxvis meTodebis<strong>da</strong>nergvaSi. imarTeba kiTxvis swavlebis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnilikonferenciebi, xorcieldeba trening-programebi, ibeWdeba specialuriliteratura <strong>da</strong> a. S.saqarTveloSi skolebis ganaxleba <strong>da</strong> sistemuri ganviTareba realurprocesad iqca. skolis liderebi, administratorebi <strong>da</strong> maswavleblebi,eZeben <strong>da</strong> sul ufro xSirad mimarTaven moswavleTa akademiur miRwevebzeorientirebuli <strong>saswavlo</strong> procesis organizebis Tanamedrovemidgomebs. Tu wignierebis donis amaRlebas skolis marTva-ganviTarebisganzomilebaSi ganvixilavT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi Cndebawignierebaze orientirebuli skolebi.6rogorc aRvniSneT, warmodgenili masala, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, efeqturi kiTxvisstrategiebzea fokusirebuli, rac SemTxveviTi srulebiT ar aris. kiTxva<strong>da</strong> wera swavlis yvelaze Zlieri sayrdenebia ara mxolod mSobliuri enisa <strong>da</strong>literaturis, aramed nebismieri sagnis programaSi. maswavleblebs kargadesmiT, rom moswavlis akademiuri warmateba mniSvnelovna<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mokidebuliimaze, Tu ramdenad efeqturi mkiTxvelia moswavle. imedi gvaqvs, es masala
gamoTqvams varaudebs wasakiTxi Temisa <strong>da</strong> Sinaarsis Sesaxeb. varaudebiubiZgebs mkiTxvels, Camoayalibos konkretuli molodinebi teqstTan<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, yuradRebiT gaagrZelos momdevno monakveTebis kiTxva <strong>da</strong>ga<strong>da</strong>amowmos, ramdenad gamarTl<strong>da</strong> misi varaudebi;gansazRvravs teqstis elementebis aqtualobas. SeuZlia gamijnosmTavari <strong>da</strong> meorexarisxovani aspeqtebi wakiTxul teqstSi. imsjelos,romeli sityva, termini, fraza Tu wina<strong>da</strong>deba Seicavs yvelazemniSvnelovan azrebs teqstis konstruirebisa <strong>da</strong> gagebisaTvis;erTmaneTTan akavSirebs wakiTxuli teqstis elementebs <strong>da</strong> cdilobs,gaamTlianos kiTxvis procesSi miRebuli informacia. kiTxvis procesSimniSvnelovania sami ZiriTadi tipis kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>myareba:1. teqstis erTi nawilis <strong>da</strong>kavSireba amave teqstis sxva nawilTan.2. teqstis <strong>da</strong>kavSireba sakuTar gamocdilebasTan.3. teqstis <strong>da</strong>kavSireba garesamyarosTan.cdilobs, Caswvdes wakiTxuls, rogorc kiTxvis procesSi, aseve kiTxvis<strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg. <strong>da</strong>skvnebi gamoitanos teqstSi mocemuli wanamZRvrebisan movlenebis safuZvelze;kiTxvis yvela etapze svams Sesabamis SekiTxvebs teqstis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaaspeqtis Sesaxeb. mkiTxvelis mier <strong>da</strong>smuli SekiTxvebi SeiZlebaSeexebodes teqstis wakiTxvis mizans, Sinaarss, struqturas, calkeulimonakveTis arss <strong>da</strong> a. S.kiTxvis procesSi akvirdeba <strong>da</strong> acnobierebs avtoris Sexedulebebs,ganwyoba-<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebs; aanalizebs aRweril movlenebs, amuSavebsavtoriseul argumentebs, <strong>da</strong>skvnebsa <strong>da</strong> faqtobriv informacias, rackritikuli wignierebis safuZvels warmoadgens;akvirdeba <strong>da</strong> monitorings uwevs sakuTari azrovnebis process (mimarTavsmetakognicias), raTa gamoavlinos xarvezebi gagebaSi. mimarTavs kiTxvisa<strong>da</strong> gagebis Sesabamis strategiebs, raTa aRmofxvras Cavardnebi azriskonstruirebaSi.efeqturi mkiTxvelis Camoyalibebis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri procesi ori gziTmimdinareobs:81.2.maswavlebeli Tavad uCvenebs moswavleebs gamarTuli kiTxvis magaliTs,gaazrebuli kiTxvis strategiebs <strong>da</strong> uCvenebs maTi gamoyenebis xerxebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvakonteqstSi. moswavleebi akvirdebian demonstrirebul unarebs <strong>da</strong>cdiloben, Tava<strong>da</strong>c gamoiyenon isini kiTxviTi <strong>da</strong>valebebis Sesrulebisdros. miznobrivi <strong>da</strong>valebebis micemiT, maswavlebeli uZRveba kiTxvis amaTu im strategiis gavarjiSebis process <strong>da</strong> drouli komentarebiT exmarebakonkretuli unarebis <strong>da</strong>xvewas.maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs mravalferovan teqstebs <strong>da</strong> Sesabamissaklaso an saSinao kiTxviT <strong>da</strong>valebebs. moswavleebi individualurad anjgufebSi kiTxuloben, rasac sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva zepiri an weriTi <strong>da</strong>valebebisSesruleba mosdevs.
wignierebis ganviTarebisZiriTadi aspeqtebikiTxvis unaris Camoyalibeba <strong>da</strong> ganviTareba ramdenime ZiriTad aspeqtsmoicavs. esenia:-------zepiri metyveleba;wignisa <strong>da</strong> teqstis maxasiaTeblebis codna;fonetikuri codna / anbanis codna;leqsikuri maragi / sityvebis codna;mTliani sityvebis amocnoba;gamarTuli kiTxva (uSecdomod, saTanado siCqariT, gamometyvelebiT);gageba / gaazreba / mniSvnelobis konstruireba.9Sesabamisad, kiTxvis swavleba <strong>da</strong> swavla moswavleebis mier zemoT CamoTvlilikomponentebis gavarjiSebasa <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebas gulisxmobs. TiToeulkomponents Casaxvisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis garkveuli etapebi gaaCnia. magaliTad,wignisa <strong>da</strong> teqstis maxasiaTeblebs bavSvebi 2-<strong>da</strong>n 6 wlamde asakSi swavloben.qvemoT kiTxvis TiToeul komponents mokled mimovixilavT.zepiri metyvelebawignierebis, anu wera-kiTxvis erT-erTi ZiriTadi safuZveli <strong>da</strong> winapirobazepiri metyvelebaa. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, Tu ra sabazisounar-Cvevebs flobs bavSvi skolaSi swavlis <strong>da</strong>wyebisas. maswavleblebimravalferovani saSualebebiT uwyoben xels moswavleTa enobrivganviTarebas zepiri metyvelebis kuTxiT. magaliTad: araformaluri anstruqturirebuli saubriT, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sirTulis SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smiT,saintereso Temebze diskusiis warmarTviT <strong>da</strong> a. S. demonstrirebissaSualebiT, maswavleblebi awvdian moswavleebs sakuTari azrebisa <strong>da</strong>Sexedulebebis gamoxatvis efeqtur modelebs <strong>da</strong> cdiloben, Tanmimdevrulad<strong>da</strong>exmaron moswavleebs mravalferovan sametyvelo situaciebSi.mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma gaiTvaliswinos bavSvis enobriviganviTarebis kanonzomierebebi adreul asakSi (<strong>da</strong>badebi<strong>da</strong>n eqvs wlamde).xuTi wlis asakSi bavSvebi praqtikulad uSecdomod iyeneben mSobliuri enisgramatikas. amitom sawyis periodSi Tavisufali gamoxatvis saSualebis micemaufro mniSvnelovania, vidre Secdomebis gasworebaze koncentrireba, racsagrZnoblad aferxebs bavSvis mier enobrivi formebis gamoyenebas.
wignisa <strong>da</strong> teqstismaxasiaTeblebis/konceptebis codnawignisa <strong>da</strong> teqstis maxasiaTeblebis gacnobiereba mkiTxvelis ganviTarebisaucilebeli, fun<strong>da</strong>menturi elementia. <strong>da</strong>mwyeb mkiTxvels Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiTun<strong>da</strong> Camouyalibdes warmodgenebi teqstis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis, agebulebisa<strong>da</strong> moqmedebis wesebis Sesaxeb. Tu ojaxsa <strong>da</strong> sabavSvo baRSi bavSvi wigniergaremoSi imyofeba <strong>da</strong> eCveva nabeWd teqstebs, is adreul asakSive, advilad<strong>da</strong> bunebrivad iTvisebs wignisa <strong>da</strong> teqstis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva maxasiaTebels. magramTu skolamdel asakSi bavSvi wignier garemoSi ar imyofeba, mas miznobrivi<strong>da</strong>xmareba esaWiroeba.wignsa <strong>da</strong> nabeWd teqsts ramdenime ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli gaaCnia, romelicbavSvma adreul asakSi un<strong>da</strong> aiTvisos. kerZod:nabeWdi teqsti Seicavs informacias. maSinac ki, roca bavSvi`kiTxvobanas” TamaSobs, suraTebisa <strong>da</strong> sakuTari mexsierebisgamoyenebiT (miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, sityvebs sworad kiTxulobs Tu ara), isteqstis arsebiTi maxasiaTeblis codnas amJRavnebs;wigns gaaCnia konkretuli elementebi, romlebic garkveuli wesiT arisorganizebuli. magaliTad, wigns aqvs y<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> saTauri. mas hyavs avtori.qarTulenovani teqsti iwereba <strong>da</strong> ikiTxeba garkveuli mimarTulebiT(marcxni<strong>da</strong>n marjvniv <strong>da</strong> zemo<strong>da</strong>n qvemoT). Tu bavSvi warmatebiTmiuTiTebs an misdevs nabeWd teqsts, roca xmamaRla ukiTxaven, isteqstis mimarTulebis konceptis codnas amJRavnebs;nabeWdi teqsti Sedgeba iseTi elementebisagan, rogoricaa aso,sityva <strong>da</strong> wina<strong>da</strong>deba. <strong>da</strong>mwyebi mkiTxveli Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT mijnavserTmaneTisagan am formebs, eufleba teqstis `<strong>da</strong>sawyisisa” <strong>da</strong>`<strong>da</strong>sasrulis” cnebebsa <strong>da</strong> sasven niSnebs (mag. wertili, mZime, kiTxvisniSani <strong>da</strong> sxv.).wignisa <strong>da</strong> teqstis maxasiaTeblebis swavlebisaTvis mTel msoflioSi farTodgamoiyeneba erToblivi kiTxvis meTodebi, didi wignebi, plakatze gadidebulileqsebi <strong>da</strong> sxv. aseve, mniSvnelovania interaqciuli/erToblivi weris,enobrivi praqtikis, teqstis <strong>da</strong>nawevrebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva efeqturi strategiebisa<strong>da</strong> meTodebis gamoyeneba.aranakleb mniSvnelovania, pirveli klasSi swavlis <strong>da</strong>wyebisTanave SemowmdesbavSvebis mier teqstis maxasiaTeblebis codna, risTvisac specialurimartivi testebi gamoiyeneba.10
fonetikuri codna / anbanis codnafonetikuri codna asoebsa <strong>da</strong> bgerebs, anu grafemebsa <strong>da</strong> fonemebs SorismimarTebebis codnas gulisxmobs. is, aseve, moiTxovs imis gacnobierebas,rom asoebis kombinirebiT sityvebi, anu mniSvnelobis matarebeli erTeulebimiiReba (ix. teqstis maxasiaTeblebi). asoebsa <strong>da</strong> bgerebs Soris pir<strong>da</strong>piriurTierTmimarTeba qarTuli enis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia. Tumca, amenobrivma faqtorma kiTxvis swavlebis pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur midgomebSi ramdenime,Cveni azriT, mecnieruli kuTxiT ga<strong>da</strong>saxedi mosazrebis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebasSeuwyo xeli. kerZod, specialuri mecnieruli kvlevis gareSe, miCneulia,rom kiTxvis swavlebis holistur midgomebs, rogoricaa sityvebis amocnoba,mokle ambebis SeTxzva <strong>da</strong> a. S. dro ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vuTmoT <strong>da</strong> bavSvebi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d,asoebisa <strong>da</strong> marcvlebis swavlebiT <strong>da</strong>vakavoT.11saqarTveloSi anbanis swavlebisa <strong>da</strong> fonetikuri varjiSebis sakmaod didigamocdilebaa, rac e.w. gogebaSviliseul meTodikasTanaa gaigivebuli.maTi efeqturoba gamocdili <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mtkicebulia, Tumca un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, romTavad iakob gogebaSvili 1865 wlis «qarTuli anbanisa <strong>da</strong> pirveli sakiTxaviwignis» gamocemaSi specialurad maswavlebelTaTvis am sakiTxs Semdegnairadganixilavs:`yvela axali miiRebis maSin, rodesac ZvelSi SeamCneven naklulevanebas. ranaklulevaneba aqvs Cveulebriv anbanebis meTods? pirveli <strong>da</strong> umTavresinaklulevaneba am meTodisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom anbani iwyebis asoebidgan.asoebi calcalke ara sagans ar aCveneben, ara hazrs ara xatven. amitom swavlis<strong>da</strong>wyeba asoebidgan ymawvilisaTvis aris mavnebeli. ai, misces ymawvilsxelSi anbani <strong>da</strong> eubnebian: es aso aris a, es b <strong>da</strong> sxvani. ymawvilis TavSi,rasakvirvelia, ara hazri ar ixateba. amitom pirvelive Sexvedrazed ymawvilsswavla eCveneba, rogorc erTi uazro sagani. am meTods, maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, SeuZlianprvelaTve SeaZulos swavla ymawvilsa <strong>da</strong> waarTvas mas wadili swavlisa!meTodi zoloTovisa, romelze<strong>da</strong>c aris Sedgenili es anbani, arRvevszemoxsenebuls naklulevanebas. es anbani iwyebis sityvebidgan. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me,ymawvili pirvelve <strong>da</strong>inaxavs swavlaSi hazrsa; amitom, rom yvela sityvaxatavs raime azrsa, aCenebs raime sagansa. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, pirvelaTve ymawviliSexe<strong>da</strong>vs swavlas, rogorc gonivrul sagans <strong>da</strong> waxalisdeba……. ai, ymawvilsmaswavlebelma waakiTxa sityva: de-<strong>da</strong>. ymawvili warmoidgens Tavis de<strong>da</strong>sa,amasTanave Tavis saxls, mamas, Zmebs, adgils. erTi sityviT, es erTi sityvaramdenme sagans moagonebs, ramdenme hazrs warmoudgens gonebaSi ymawvilsa.moswavle igrZnobs maSinve kavSirs bunebasa, cxovrebasa <strong>da</strong> swavlas Sua.<strong>da</strong> radganac yovels ymawvils uyvars buneba <strong>da</strong> cxovreba, swavlaze<strong>da</strong>cwaxalisdeba. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, ymawvili am meTodzed TiTon kiTxvas ufrogonivrulaT swavlobs, - eCveva kiTxvas marcvlebis <strong>da</strong> ar asoebis CaTvliT........iqmneba bevrma gankvirvebiT Tqvas: rogor un<strong>da</strong> iswavlos sityvebis kiTxvaymawvilma, roca asoebi jer ar icis. SeuCvevroba aris mizezi am gankvirvebis.roca maswavlebeli gaicnobs am meTodsa, maSin advilaT eCveneba swavla amanbanSi...~
ogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, wera-kiTxvis swavlebis gogebaSviliseuli xedva <strong>da</strong> anbanisa<strong>da</strong> sakiTxavi signebis pirveli gamocemebi swored analitikur meTods efuZneba.am meTodis amosaval debulebebs, misi azriT, warmoadgens e.w. `winamZRoliaqtivobebi”; martivi saubrebi bavSvisaTvis nacnob Temebze, maTTvis gasagebenaze; xatva; suraTebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva vizualuri elementebis Semotana; bavSvebisaTvissaintereso <strong>da</strong> gasagebi teqstebi, mdi<strong>da</strong>ri leqsikuri maragiT.swavlebis am, analitikuri (dRevandeli gagebiT, holisturi) midgomis mixedviT,bavSvi, dekodirebis (gogebaSvilis sityvebiT, `TiTon kiTxvis”) <strong>da</strong>wyebamde,eCveva teqstTan urTierTobas <strong>da</strong> ufro didi leqsikuri erTeulebi<strong>da</strong>nnel-nela ga<strong>da</strong>dis marcvlebsa <strong>da</strong> aso-bgerebze. amitom, mniSvnelovania, romfonetikis swavleba mTlian teqstebze muSaobasTan iyos integrirebuli. efeqturadilustrirebuli mcire teqstebis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> e.w. enobrivi praqtikismeTodi xels uwyobs bavSvebSi sityvebis amocnobis unaris ganviTarebas, risSemdegac isini advilad ga<strong>da</strong>dian fonetikur varjiSebze.fonetikis swavleba mravalferovani xerxebiT aris SesaZlebeli. yvelamoswavles erTi <strong>da</strong> igive dro <strong>da</strong> Tanmimdevroba ar sWirdeba anbanisSesaswavlad. mniSvnelovania, rom fonetikis swavleba mTlian teqstebzemuSaobasTan un<strong>da</strong> iyos integrirebuli, magaliTad, enobriv praqtikasa <strong>da</strong>Sinaarsis gaazrebas <strong>da</strong>ukavSirdes. moswavlem, SesaZloa, sityva amoikiTxos,magram misi mniSvneloba ar esmodes. amitom mniSvnelovania, rom wasakiTxisityvebis didi umravlesoba bavSvis sametyvelo enis Semadgeneli iyos.leqsikuri maragi / sityvebis codnakargad aris cnobili, rom teqstis gagebis erT-erTi umTavresi winapirobasityvebis mniSvnelobis codnaa. amitom sityvaTa maragis gafarToeba <strong>da</strong>sityvebs Soris kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>myareba efeqturi kiTxvis mniSvnelovaniaspeqtia.Tumca, aranakleb mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>euflon ucnobsityvebTan muSaobis iseT strategiebs, rogoricaa: konteqsturi gasaRebebisgamoyeneba, sityvis nawilebis gaazreba, sityvebs Soris kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>myareba<strong>da</strong> a. S.maswavleblebs SeuZliaT axal <strong>da</strong> ucxo sityvebTan muSaobis iseTi meTodebisgamoyeneba, rogoricaa: mniSvnelovani sityvebi, sityvis gamomZieblebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.mTliani sityvebis amocnoba12sityvis amocnoba moiTxovs fonetikur codnas, sityvis struqturis analizs,konteqsturi gasaRebebis gamoyenebas, vizualuri suraTis gaxsenebas,konfiguracias <strong>da</strong> sxv. mkiTxvelebi Semdegi strategiebis gamoyenebiTamoicnoben sityvebs:iseTi, ukve nanaxi sityvebis cnoba-identificireba, romlebic adreulteqstebSi xSirad gvxvdeba;
konfiguraciuli gasaRebebis gamoyeneba. zogjer sityvis formaexmareba mkiTxvels amocnobaSi. mag. grZeli <strong>da</strong> mokle sityvebi. vinai<strong>da</strong>nbevri sityva formiT Zlier hgavs erTmaneTs, konfiguraciisgamoyeneba sakmarisi ar aris;sityvis agebulebis amocnoba (morfologiuri an struqturulianalizi). <strong>da</strong>mwyeb mkiTxvelebs sWirdebaT sityvis nawilebis (fuZe,TavsarTi, bolosarTi <strong>da</strong> a. S.) swavleba <strong>da</strong> gacnobiereba;konteqsturi gasaRebebi. kargi mkiTxvelebi cdiloben, gaiazronwakiTxuli <strong>da</strong> yuradRebas aqceven garemomcvel sityvebs, wina<strong>da</strong>debisSinaarss, abzacis arss, raTa ase amoicnon ucnobi sityvis mniSvneloba.13gamarTuli kiTxvayvela Cvengani, gansakuTrebiT ki maswavleblebi, advilad amovicnobTgamarTuli kiTxvis maxasiaTeblebs.pirvel rigSi, kiTxva gamarTulia, roca mkiTxveli kiTxulobs uSecdomod <strong>da</strong>swrafad. Cumad kiTxvis dros mkiTxveli avtomaturad amoicnobs sityvebs,calkeuli sityvebis dekodirebis gareSe, <strong>da</strong> imgvarad ajgufebs maT, romteqstis Sinaarss advilad igebs. gamarTul mkiTxvels xmamaRla wakiTxvaZalisxmevis gareSe <strong>da</strong> gamometyvelebiT SeuZlia. wakiTxuli bunebrivadJRers <strong>da</strong> zepir metyvelebas hgavs. roca moswavle gamarTulad kiTxulobs,sasven niSnebTan mcire pauzebs akeTebs, kiTxulobs intonaciebiT.zemoT aRwerili suraTisagan gansxvavebiT, gamarTul kiTxvas ver <strong>da</strong>varqmevT,roca bavSvi kiTxulobs nela <strong>da</strong> didi ZalisxmeviT; borZikobs zogierTisityvis wakiTxvis dros, zog sityvas orjer an metjerac kiTxulobs, zogierTsityvas saerTod gamotovebs <strong>da</strong> dro<strong>da</strong>dro teqstSi mocemul sityvebs sxvasityvebiT Caanacvlebs. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom bevri sityvis win yovndeba,mZimesa <strong>da</strong> wertilTan pauzas ar akeTebs.rogorc Cans, gamarTuli kiTxva aris xidi sityvis amocnobasa <strong>da</strong> gagebasSoris, amitom gamarTuli kiTxvis swavlebas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>eTmos.bavSvebi, romlebic gamarTul kiTxvaSi warmatebas ver aRweven, mZimeSedegis winaSe dganan, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, Tu ramdenad gonebagaxsnilni arian.samwuxarod, Zalian didia imis albaToba, rom mTeli cxovrebis manZilze cudmkiTxvelebad <strong>da</strong>rCebian.gamarTul kiTxvas skolebSi sakmarisi yuradReba ar eTmoba. sabednierod,mTel msoflioSi, mkvlevarni <strong>da</strong> praqtikosi maswavleblebi sul ufro metaduRrmavdebian gamarTuli kiTxvis mniSvnelobas.mocemuli masalis mizania, ukeT gavacnobieroT, ras gveubneba kvlevagamarTuli kiTxvis mniSvnelobis, aseve, misi ganviTarebis ZiriTadifaqtorebis Sesaxeb.
gageba/gaazreba/mniSvnelobis konstruirebateqstis Sinaarsis gageba <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelobis konstruireba kiTxvis umTavresiamocanaa. Tu mkiTxveli kiTxulobs sityvebs, magram ver igebs wakiTxulis azrs,kiTxvis procesi uSedegod mimdinareobs. teqstis gageba masSi gadmocemuliazrebis/ideebis gacnobierebasa <strong>da</strong> gonebaSi gamTlianebas gulisxmobs. rocamoswavle kiTxvis procesSi akvirdeba gagebis process, man icis, ra gaigo <strong>da</strong> raver gaigo. kvleva <strong>da</strong> praqtika gviCvenebs, rom adreuli asaki<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli,moswavleebs SeuZliaT sakuTari gagebis monitoringi <strong>da</strong> am mizniT specialuristrategiebis gamoyeneba. amisaTvis maswavlebelma demonstrirebis meTodi <strong>da</strong>swavlebis efeqturi aqtivobebi un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos.maswavleblebi mimarTaven iseT aqtivobebs, rogoricaa: varaudebis gamoTqma,SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma, winare codnis gaaqtiureba, kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>myareba, erToblivikiTxva, orientirebuli kiTxva <strong>da</strong> a. S.kiTxvis swavlebis CarCokiTxva samsafexuriani procesia <strong>da</strong> TiToeul safexurze garkveuli qmedebebisSesrulebas gulisxmobs. qvemoT kiTxvis TiToeuli safexuri cxrilis formiTaris mocemuli.14
wignierebaze orientirebuli skolara maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeva wignierebaze orientirebuli skola?skolis administracia <strong>da</strong> maswavleblebi kargad acnobiereben<strong>da</strong> aRiareben efeqturi kiTxvisa <strong>da</strong> weris unarebis ganviTarebismniSvnelobas nebismieri sagnis swavlebasa <strong>da</strong> swavlaSi;maswavleblebi floben kiTxvis swavlebis efeqtur meTodebs <strong>da</strong>regularulad iyeneben maT <strong>saswavlo</strong> procesSi;moswavleebs eZlevaT saSualeba, xSirad waikiTxon <strong>da</strong> imsjelonwakiTxulis garSemo, TviT gakveTilebis msvlelobis procesSi, <strong>da</strong> aramxolod Sin, saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebaze muSaobis dros;skolaSi arsebobs mdi<strong>da</strong>ri biblioTeka teqstebiTa <strong>da</strong> wyaroebiT;yvela sagnobrivi jgufis kaTedraze arsebobs kiTxvisa <strong>da</strong> werisswavlebis wliuri gegma, romelic naTlad gamoxatavs moswavleebis mierkiTxvis unaris <strong>da</strong>uflebis gzaze misaRwev Sedegebs;maswavleblebi euflebian <strong>da</strong> erTmaneTs uziareben kiTxvis swavlebisefeqtur meTodebs; aanalizeben moswavleebis, gansakuTrebiT- problemuri mkiTxvelebis saWiroebebs <strong>da</strong> iyeneben adekvaturmidgomebs;maswavleblebi aqtiurad muSaoben ojaxebTan, raTa <strong>da</strong>exmaron mSoblebswignieri garemos SeqmnaSi; awvdian maT Sesabamis rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebs.17
didi wignebiserToblivi kiTxvameTodis Sesaxebarsebobs wignis ramdenime ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli. <strong>gzamkvlevi</strong>s SesavalSiukve visaubreT am maxasiaTeblebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mwyebi mkiTxvelis mier maTigacnobierebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. aq mokled gavixsenebT, Tu ra un<strong>da</strong>icodes bavSvma wignis Sesaxeb:wigns aqvs garkveuli forma <strong>da</strong> ZiriTadi elementebi (wignis wina <strong>da</strong> ukanamxareebi, y<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> misi elementebi, rogoricaa saTauri, ilustracia,avtori, mxatvari <strong>da</strong> sxv.);vkiTxulobT nabeWd teqsts <strong>da</strong> ara ilustraciebs;teqsts aqvs mimarTuleba (<strong>da</strong>sawyisi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sasruli). kiTxvas viwyebTmarcxni<strong>da</strong>n marjvniv <strong>da</strong> mivyvebiT zemo<strong>da</strong>n qvemoT;teqsti Sedgeba sityvebisagan. TiToeuli sityva Seicavs garkveul azrs.sityvebis erToblioba qmnis wina<strong>da</strong>debas;sityvebi Sedgeba asoebisa <strong>da</strong> marcvlebisagan, romlebic azrs argamoxatavs;teqstSi gvxvdeba sasveni niSnebi. TiToeuli sasveni niSani garkveulrols asrulebs.am maxasiaTeblebis codna bavSvebs kiTxvis dros wignze yuradRebiskoncentrirebasa <strong>da</strong> azris gamotanaSi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros. Tu moswavles uWirsama Tu im maxasiaTeblis gageba, xelmeored un<strong>da</strong> avuxsnaT.aseve, kargad aris cnobili, rom yvela patara mkiTxvelisaTvis sasargebloawera-kiTxvis e. w. holisturi midgomiT muSaoba.holisturi midgoma bavSvis ganviTarebis filosofias efuZneba. am midgomis<strong>da</strong>mcvelebi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulni arian, rom bavSvi kiTxvasa <strong>da</strong> weras iseveswavlobs, rogorc laparaksa <strong>da</strong> mosmenas - cdisa <strong>da</strong> Secdomis meTodiT <strong>da</strong>enis praqtikuli <strong>da</strong> aqtiuri gamoyenebiT.holisturi midgoma yuradRebas amaxvilebs teqsti<strong>da</strong>n azris gamotanismniSvnelobaze. motivacia kiTxvis swavlis procesSi uaRresad mniSvnelovna<strong>da</strong>ris miCneuli <strong>da</strong> amitomac avTenturi (realuri, konkretuli), sainteresoliteraturis gamoyeneba, teqstebiT mdi<strong>da</strong>ri garemos Seqmna imisaTvis, rommozardebs kiTxvis motivacia gavuRvivoT, am meTodis qvakuTxedia.18erTi mxriv, wignis (teqstis) maxasiaTeblebis aTvisebisa <strong>da</strong>, meore mxriv,holisturi midgomis saukeTeso meTodia `didi wignis erToblivi kiTxva”.meTodis gamoyenebis Sedegad, moswavle SeZlebs moisminos, adekvatura<strong>da</strong>Riqvas <strong>da</strong> gadmosces martivi informacia misTvis nacnob Temebze <strong>da</strong>
gamoxatos Tavisi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba wakiTxulis mimarT; gamoimuSaos wignTanmuSaobis sawyisi Cvevebi, gaarCios wignis garekani, Tavfurceli <strong>da</strong> ZiriTaditeqsti, saTauri, avtoris saxeli <strong>da</strong> gvari, ilustraciebi, pirobiT niSnebi;kiTxvisas gamoiyenos misTvis xelsayreli xerxi (magaliTad, TiTis gayoleba).meTodis gamoyeneba<strong>saswavlo</strong> procesSimeTodis ZiriTad resurss didi wignebi warmoadgens, romlebic SeiZlebaTqven TviTon <strong>da</strong>amzadoT. qvemoT mocemulia sasargeblo rCevebi:19,,didi wigni~ aris gazeTis zomis wigni, 4-i<strong>da</strong>n 16 gver<strong>da</strong>mde. aseT wignSiteqsti didi asoebiTaa mocemuli, ise, rom garkveul distanciaze msxdommabavSvebma wakiTxva SeZlon. es niSnavs, rom asoebi 3,5 sm.-<strong>da</strong>n 5 sm.-mde zomisun<strong>da</strong> iyos. sasurvelia, TiToeul gverdze martivi naxatebic ganTavsdes.es <strong>da</strong>exmareba bavSvebs, ukeT aRiqvan teqstis Sinaarsi. didi wignis teqsti<strong>da</strong>werili un<strong>da</strong> iyos msxvili, muqi <strong>da</strong> kargad xilvadi asoebiT - ise, rom maTi<strong>da</strong>naxva Sori<strong>da</strong>n SeiZlebodes. teqsti ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos didi <strong>da</strong> misi zoma un<strong>da</strong>Seesabamebodes bavSvebis gamocdilebas.didi wignis Seqmnas garkveuli winaswari samuSao sWirdeba. pirvel rigSi,iseTi teqsti un<strong>da</strong> SeirCes, romlis wakiTxvac ramdenjerme, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvamizniT iqneba SesaZlebeli. xSirad aseT did wignebs ageben garkveuli qargismixedviT, romelSic ramdenjerme meordeba erTi <strong>da</strong> igive sityva Tu fraza,raTa moswavlem ukeT <strong>da</strong>imaxsovros igi. SeiZleba aTjer an ocjer <strong>da</strong>gWirdeTerTi <strong>da</strong> imaves wakiTxva, raTa moswavleebma <strong>da</strong>imaxsovron, romeli wina<strong>da</strong>debara azrs gadmoscems. Tavi<strong>da</strong>n bavSvebi sityvebis amokiTxvaze ar muSaoben,vinai<strong>da</strong>n maT ar ician kiTxva / dekodireba. isini vizualurad imaxsovrebenmTlian sityvebs <strong>da</strong> wina<strong>da</strong>debebsac ki. bavSvebi mTlianobaSi aRiqvamenteqsts, <strong>da</strong> ara nawil-nawil. isini „kiTxuloben~ auditoruli mexsierebiT.bevri aseTi gakveTilis Catareba <strong>da</strong>gWirdebaT, sanam aso-bgerebis wakiTxvasaswavliT, radgan maT jer un<strong>da</strong> SeZlon, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 150 sityvis amocnobamainc. isini jer ver amoikiTxaven, magram <strong>da</strong>imaxsovreben, ra weria.erT-erTi kvlevis mixedviT, erTi konkretuli sityva aCvenes 500 amerikel<strong>da</strong> kanadel bavSvs (5 wlis asakSi). 99%-ma amoicno, ra ewera. es iyo sityva„makdonaldsi“. es sityva, marTalia, rTulia, magram bavSvebi xSirad xe<strong>da</strong>venabraze am sityvas, akvirdebian, imaxsovreben <strong>da</strong> amoicnoben.SemogTavazebT teqstis ramdenime nimuSs/qargas:1.mimarTvisa <strong>da</strong> gamoxmaurebis qarga.mag: ,, mura <strong>da</strong>Tvo, mura <strong>da</strong>Tvo, ras xe<strong>da</strong>v?me vxe<strong>da</strong>v yviTel ixvs, romelic me miyurebs”...2.mimdevrobiTi wyoba.mag: ,,orSabaTs Cems sanaxavad mefe movi<strong>da</strong>,magram me saxlSi ar <strong>da</strong>vxvdi.samSabaTs Cems sanaxavad mefe <strong>da</strong> dedofali movidnen, magram me saxlSiar <strong>da</strong>vxvdi.oTxSabaTs Cems sanaxavad mefe, dedofali <strong>da</strong> ufliswuli movidnen,magram me saxlSi ar <strong>da</strong>vxvdi”...
3.CamoTvlaze agebuli qarga.mag: ,,xuTi patara ixvi saTamaSod gavi<strong>da</strong> jer mindorze, Semdeg kidev ufroSors, mindvris gaRma. rodesac de<strong>da</strong> ixvi ukan wamovi<strong>da</strong>, oTxi patara ixvisirbiliT gamoedevna.oTxi patara ixvi saTamaSod gavi<strong>da</strong>...~4. gameorebiTi qarga.mag: `- vin akakunebs Cems fanjaraze?- es me var, - ambobs kata;- es me var, - ambobs virTxa;- vin akakunebs Cems fanjaraze?- es me var, - ambobs Cxikvi;-es me var, - ambobs qaTami...~didi wignisTvis arsebobs teqstis sxva variantebic:gamocanebi (gamocana iwereba erT gverdze, pasuxi _ meore (gasaSlel) gverdze);anekdotebi (anekdotis didi nawili iwereba erT gverdze, xumrobis <strong>da</strong>sasruli__ momdevno, ga<strong>da</strong>saSlel gverdze);cnebebi (es SeiZleba exebodes uamrav sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Temas: cxovelebs, weliwadisdroebs, sayvarel nivTebs, cnobil a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, sportis saxeobebs <strong>da</strong> sxv...).maswavlebels SeuZlia, airCios teqstis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva varianti, raTa kiTxvisprocesi ufro saintereso <strong>da</strong> saxaliso gaxados.erToblivi kiTxva SeiZleba Cautardes mTel klass an mcire jgufebs (Tu klasSiSeqmnilia ramdenime mcire jgufi, romelic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva samuSaoze muSaobs).meTodis msvlelobaSemoikribeT bavSvebi wignTan axlos, rom kargad xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen teqsts <strong>da</strong>, amavedros, erTianobis ganwyoba SeeqmnaT. <strong>da</strong>amagreT wigni <strong>da</strong>faze, TvalsaCinoadgilas. amrigad, Tqveni xelebi Tavisufalia <strong>da</strong> SegiZliaT miadevnoTteqsts, romelsac kiTxulobT. gamoiyeneT saCvenebeli joxi, rom miuTiToTyoveli sityva, romelsac kiTxulobT. scadeT, waikiTxoT teqsti gabmulad<strong>da</strong> Tavisuflad. gaxsovdeT, Tqven un<strong>da</strong> misceT magaliTi bavSvs <strong>da</strong> aswavloT,rogoria gamarTuli kiTxva.<strong>da</strong>iwyeT wignis mimoxilva. esaubreT bavSvs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras moismens.Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad waikiTxeT saTauri. Txzulebis gacnoba <strong>da</strong>iwyeT saTaurisganxilviT, garekaniT <strong>da</strong> saTauris gverdiT. Tu wigni <strong>da</strong>suraTebuli gaqvT,SegiZliaT bavSvebTan erTad axsnaT suraTi. e.i. jer aCveneT suraTi <strong>da</strong> sTxoveT,gamoTqvan varaudi, raze iqneba saubari.20Semdeg waikiTxeT teqsti xmamaRla <strong>da</strong> gamometyvelebiT, TiTqos xels ayolebTsityvas, frazas, romelsac kiTxulobT. waikiTxeT cocxali xmiT, arc ZalianCqara <strong>da</strong> arc Zalian nela, ise rom bavSvma SeZlos, Tvali miadevnos Tqven mierwakiTxul sityvebs.
SegiZliaT SeyovndeT, viTom SeTxveviT <strong>da</strong> sTxovoT mosawavleebs, gikarnaxonmomdevno savaraudo sityva an fraza, an winaswar giTxran, ra moxdeba Semdeg.SegiZliaT monacvleobiT, bavSvebTan erTad waikiTxoT teqsti. aseve,SegiZliaT, erTxmad waikiTxoT gverdi: bavSvebTan erTad kiTxulobTim sityvebs, romlebsac Tqven miuTiTebT. teqstis wakiTxvis kidev erTisaSualeba arsebobs _ eqos tipis gunduri kiTxva: Tqven kiTxulobT xazs<strong>da</strong> Semdeg moswavleebi erTxmad „kiTxuloben~ imave xazs, Tqven ki amdros uTiTebT sityvebs (sinamdvileSi bavSvebi ki ar kiTxuloben, arame<strong>da</strong>moicnoben sityvebs).moswavlebs sTxoveT, teqstis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg upasuxon imave teqstisSesaxeb <strong>da</strong>smul kiTxvebs. es SeiZleba iyos Ria (saazrovno) kiTxvebi.21SegiZliaT meore dRes gamoiyenoT igive teqsti. xelmeored waikiTxoT mTeljgufTan erTad an individualurad. gamoiyeneT kiTxvis saxaliso formebi;mag. pirveli striqoni waikiTxon gogonebma, meore - biWebma; an waikiTxos man,visac Zma hyavs, an visac <strong>da</strong> hyavs; waikiTxos man, vinc diliT fafa Wama; visacfiso (ZaRli) hyavs; visac cisferi Tvalebi aqvs <strong>da</strong> a.S.airCieT ori-sami <strong>da</strong>valeba qvemoT mocemuli <strong>da</strong>valebebis sii<strong>da</strong>n. teqstzesamuSaod SegiZliaT moifiqroT sxva savarjiSoebic.maswavlebels SeuZlia:<strong>da</strong>afaros sityvas xeli an baraTi <strong>da</strong> sTxovos moswavles, konteqstismixedviT mixvdes, ra imaleba baraTis ukan. aseve, SesaZlebelia, aCvenossityvis pirveli aso an pirveli ori aso, sTxovos bavSvs, konteqstismixedviT gamoicnos, ra sityvaa <strong>da</strong> a.S.<strong>da</strong>weros 4 - 5 wina<strong>da</strong>deba teqsti<strong>da</strong>n qaRaldis grZel, viwro furclebze<strong>da</strong> bavSvs sTxovos maTi <strong>da</strong>lageba magnitur <strong>da</strong>faze an jibeebian tiloze(SegiZliaT tilos naWriT winaswar SekeroT jibeebiani sakidi);<strong>da</strong>Wras nawil-nawil wina<strong>da</strong>deba <strong>da</strong> bavSvs sTxovos maTi sworad <strong>da</strong>wyoba;mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebs <strong>da</strong>ugrovdebaT garkveuli raodenobissityvebis maragi (romlebsac amoicnoben), maswavlebels SeuZlia, auriossityvis baraTebi <strong>da</strong> bavSvebs sTxovos, <strong>da</strong>ukavSiron es sityvebi teqstSiarsebul sityvebs, an im sityvebs, romlebic imave asoTi iwyeba, anriTmulad erTnairad JRers, an erTnair marcvlebs Seicavs <strong>da</strong> a.S. aagon,,sityvebis kedeli~ ( kedelze Camoamwkrivon raRac niSnis mixedviTmsgavsi sityvebi) <strong>da</strong> yoveldRiurad ivarjiSon maT amocnobaSi;sTxovos moswavleebs; moiniSnon sityvebi, romlebic romelime sagansaRwers, an gamoxatavs viRacis grZnobas, viRacis namoqme<strong>da</strong>rs <strong>da</strong> a.S.aurios patara baraTebi, romlebzec gamosaxulia asoebi <strong>da</strong> bavSvebssTxovos, teqstSi moiZion igive asoebi;auxsnas punqtuaciis funqcia.
wignis erToblivi kiTxvis mokle instruqciebimoemzadeT erToblivi kiTxvisaTvis. yuradRebiT SearCieT gakveTilisTvisteqsti. <strong>da</strong>amzadeT wigni, romelsac ramdenjerme gamoiyenebT(mravaljera<strong>da</strong>d moixmarT). <strong>da</strong>mwyebi mkiTxvelebisaTvis teqsti SeiZlebaiyos simRera an zRapari, romelic advilad saambobia. sasurvelia, gamoiyenoTimgvari informaciis momcveli Tema, romelic bavSvebs ainteresebT.<strong>da</strong>wereT teqsti didi asoebiT, rom moswavleebma Sori<strong>da</strong>n SeZlon ,, wakiTxva“.gaaformeT teqsti ilustraciebiT.pirveli wakiTxva:1. winaswar mimoixileT teqsti moswavleebTan erTad. waikiTxeT saTauri<strong>da</strong> avtori. Tu bavSvebi <strong>da</strong>mwyebi mkiTxvelebi arian, auxseniT, romsaTauri aris wignis saxelwodeba; rom es saTauri gveubneba, Tu razeiqneba wigni. hkiTxeT maT, ras eubneba saTauri; sTxoveT, am saTaurismixedviT ivaraudon, raze iqneba teqstSi saubari. Tqveni mxriv, SeavseTsaubari Tqveni ,,xmamaRali nafiqriT~ )Tqven mier warmoTqmuli azrebiteqstze <strong>da</strong>fiqrebis modelirebas axdens).2. waikiTxeT avtoris saxeli (Tu, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, is mocemulia). auxseniT,rom avtori aris pirovneba, romelmac es wigni <strong>da</strong>wera; hkiTxeT, rasmeniaT mis Sesaxeb.3. uTxariT, ras iswavlian am gakveTili<strong>da</strong>n, ras un<strong>da</strong> miaqcion yuradReba.4. ` kvlav waikiTxeT saTauri <strong>da</strong> aCveneT bavSvebs ydis ilustracia.moswavleebs sTxoveT, am ilustraciis mixedviT, winaswar gamoTqvanvaraudi, ris Sesaxeb gviambobs wigni, an ra SeiZleba iswavlon teqsti<strong>da</strong>n.5. warudgineT wigni bavSvebs raime saxaliso gziT. mag. gamoiyeneT aqtivoba`gaseirneba ilustraciebSi~ - Tu wigni <strong>da</strong>suraTebulia, aCveneTilustraciebi <strong>da</strong> moswavleebTan erTad, suraTebis meSveobiT gadmoeciTambavi.6. Semdeg waikiTxeT teqsti cocxali xmiT, gamometyvelebiT. gaayoleTxeli frazebsa <strong>da</strong> sityvebs, romlebsac kiTxulobT _ arc Zalian Cqara,arc Zalian nela. yuradReba mimarTeT teqstis arsze.7. SeyovndiT, raTa ganmartoT teqstis monakveTi, romelic waikiTxeT.aqcenti wakiTxulis arsze gaakeTeT. <strong>da</strong>imaxsovreT, rom bavSvs Tqvenun<strong>da</strong> misceT Tavisufali kiTxvis, <strong>da</strong>interesebuli <strong>da</strong> moazrovnemkiTxvelis magaliTi. sTxoveT bavSvebs, Tava<strong>da</strong>c gaakeTon komentarebi.8. SeCerdiT <strong>da</strong> bavSvebs sTxoveT, ivaraudon teqstis gagrZeleba,gansakuTrebiT sanam axal gverdze ga<strong>da</strong>xvalT. rodesac kiTxvas<strong>da</strong>asrulebT, komentari gaakeTeT winaswar moswavleebis mier gamoTqmulim versiebze, romlebic gamarTl<strong>da</strong>.9. kiTxvis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg hkiTxeT moswavleebs, ra ganwyoba SeeqmnaT,an raze <strong>da</strong>fiqrdnen <strong>da</strong> ratom?SegiZliaT Semdeg gakveTilebze isev miubrundeT teqsts:1. kvlav waikiTxeT teqsti, moiwvieT moswavleebi, rom TqvenTan erTadwaikiTxon: Tqven kiTxulobT garkveul wina<strong>da</strong>debebs <strong>da</strong> bavSvebiimeoreben. sTxoveT, TqvenTan erTad, jgufurad waikiTxon teqsti __Tqvenc <strong>da</strong> bavSvebic erTdroulad kiTxulobT.222. moiwvieT moswavleebi raTa Teatralizeburad waikiTxon teqsti,JestikulaciiTa <strong>da</strong> saxis mimikiT miyvnen moqmedebas.3. <strong>da</strong>toveT teqsti klasSi, raTa bavSvebma SeZlon <strong>da</strong>moukideblad wakiTxva.Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, teqstis patara versiebi <strong>da</strong>urigeT moswavleebs,raTa SeZlon kiTxvaSi varjiSi. maT SeuZliaT ikiTxon individualurad,partniorTan erTad, morigeobiT, an rogorc erTma mTlianma jgufma.
mniSvnelovanisityvebimeTodis Sesaxebmdi<strong>da</strong>ri leqsikuri maragi pir<strong>da</strong>pir aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli teqstis gaazrebasa<strong>da</strong> siRrmiseul wvdomasTan, radganac Tu moswavlisaTvis gaugebariateqstSi mocemuli konkretuli sityvis mniSvneloba, bunebrivia, ufrometad bundovania azri. es ki yvelaze TvalsaCinod vlindeba aRweriT(eqspozitorul) teqstebze muSaobis dros, romelTa mizania sagnobrivicodnis SeZena bunebismetyvelebis, istoriis, xelovnebis ama Tu imsakiTxebze, aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, maTSi gvxvdeba specializebuli anspecifikuri terminologia.23imis gamo, rom mdi<strong>da</strong>ri leqsika mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs gagebas,sityvebze muSaobas, sasurvelia, sagangebo yuradReba <strong>da</strong>eTmos swavlebisdros. saamisod ki mxolod yuradReba sakmarisi ar aris. aucilebelia,<strong>da</strong>igegmos <strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes konkretuli aqtivobebi. Cven mierSemoTavazebuli meTodi `mniSvnelovani sityvebi~ swored am mxriv arissaintereso. is efeqturad gamoiyeneba aRweriT teqstebze muSaobisas,rogorc <strong>da</strong>wyebiT, ise sabazo safexurze.meTodis mizania, moswavleebs ganuviTardeT aramxolod axal sityvebzemuSaobisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva konteqstSi maTi adekvaturad gamoyenebis unar-Cveva,aramed SeZlon teqstis gageba <strong>da</strong> mTavari <strong>da</strong> meorexarisxovani informaciisgarCeva.meTodis gamoyenebis Sedegad, moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>wyebiT safexurze:aqtiurad erTvebian kiTxvis procesSi;<strong>da</strong>moukideblad <strong>da</strong> interesiT ecnobian sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Temaze Seqmnilaramxatvrul teqstebs;gamoxataven sakuTar <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT,avlenen esTetikuri <strong>da</strong> eTikuri Sefasebis survils;axerxeben teqstSi mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> naklebmniSvnelovani sityvebisgamoyofas <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis aqtivobebSi maT sworad <strong>da</strong> adekvaturadgamoyenebas;umdidrdebaT leqsikuri maragi;uviTardebaT msjelobis, wakiTxuli teqstis gagebisa <strong>da</strong> analizisunarebi.
xolo sabazo safexuris bolos, zemoT CamoTvlilTan erTad:kiTxuloben <strong>da</strong> aanalizeben sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva periodis, qveynisa <strong>da</strong>kulturis teqstebs maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebisa <strong>da</strong>problematikis TvalsazrisiT;mniSvnelovan sityvebze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis safuZvelze, axerxeben informaciiskategorizebas, <strong>da</strong>xarisxebas mTavar <strong>da</strong> meorexarisxovan informaciad.meTodis garkveuli sixSiriT gamoyenebis Semdeg, Tqven Tavad <strong>da</strong>inaxavTmniSvnelovan winsvlas aRweriTi teqstebis gagebisa <strong>da</strong> gaazrebis mxriv.qvemoT ganxiluli msvlelobis gacnobisas, mixvdebiT, rom aRniSnuli meTodiZalian martivad SeiZleba ganaxorcieloT.meTodis gamoyeneba<strong>saswavlo</strong> procesSiTuki ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetT am meTodis gamoyenebas <strong>saswavlo</strong> procesSi, pirvel rigSi,SearCieT aRweriTi tipis teqsti. misi moculoba <strong>da</strong> sirTule <strong>da</strong>mokidebuliaimaze, Tu romel safexursa <strong>da</strong> asakobriv jgufTan gegmavT gakveTilisCatarebas. magaliTad: Tu mesameklaselTaTvis gWirdebaT teqsti, maSin,sasurvelia, is ar Seicavdes 100 - 150 sityvaze mets <strong>da</strong> ucnobi an rTulisityvebis raodenoba ar aRematebodes 6 - 7 sityvas. samuSaod yvelamoswavlisaTvis gaamzadeT teqstis TiTo egzemplari <strong>da</strong> 10 cali webovanibaraTi e.w. `stikeri~. jgufuri muSaobisaTvis moifiqreT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis<strong>da</strong>valebebi (ix. qvemoT), TiToeuli <strong>da</strong>wereT erTi feris imden baraTze,ramdenkacianic un<strong>da</strong> iyos jgufi. gaamzadeT <strong>da</strong>fa an didi formatis qaRaldisityvebis kedlis Sesaqmnelad.<strong>da</strong>fiqrdiT, riTi SeZlebT teqstze muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde sasurveli ganwyobisSeqmnas, moswavleTa <strong>da</strong>interesebasa <strong>da</strong> konkretul sakiTxze arsebuli winarecodnis gaaqtiurebas. amis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>smiT,`gonebrivi ieriSiT~, `asociaciuri rukiTa~ <strong>da</strong> a.S. sasurvelia, Tqven miergamoyenebuli meTodi gaamravalferovnoT TvalsaCinoebiT: fotosuraTiT,ilustraciiT an sxva nebismieri vizualuri masaliT.magaliTad: SeitaneT teqsti uZvelesi tomis _ inkebis cxovrebaze. u24
inkebiinkebi anu `mzis Svilebi~ indielTa uZvelesi tomi iyo. XI-XII saukuneebSi isini samxreT amerikaSi dRevandeli perusteritoriaze cxovrobdnen. mecnierebis mosazrebiT,titikakas tbis sanapiroze uxsovari droi<strong>da</strong>n cxovrobdnenindielTa tomebi. erT-erTma tomma, keCuam miatova esadgilebi <strong>da</strong> Crdilo-<strong>da</strong>savleTisken, mdinaris napiras<strong>da</strong>saxl<strong>da</strong>. 100 wlis Semdeg keCuas tomma <strong>da</strong>aarsa qalaqi,romelic inkebis saxelmwifos de<strong>da</strong>qalaqi gax<strong>da</strong>. am qalaqserqva `xosxo~, rac maT enaze `centrs~, `Wips~, am SemTxvevaSiki, de<strong>da</strong>miwis centrs niSnav<strong>da</strong>. am tomma Tavisi mmarTvelobisqveS gaaerTiana mezobeli tomebi <strong>da</strong> maRalganviTarebuliimperia Seqmna.mogvianebiT, rodesac inkebis saxelmwifo konkistadorebma<strong>da</strong>ipyres (isini gaRatakebuli espaneli vaWrebi <strong>da</strong> oqrosmaZieblebi iyvnen), am qalaqis saxeli Secvales <strong>da</strong> mas `kusko~uwodes. igi istoriaSi dRemde ase moixsenieba. kuskoSi inkebmaaages SesaniSnavi taZrebi. isini mzis Tayvanismcemlebi iyvnen<strong>da</strong> swored amitom yvelaze lamazi <strong>da</strong> didebuli maT qalaqSimzis taZari iyo, romelSic mxolod mmarTvels, inkas, hqon<strong>da</strong>Sesvlis ufleba. taZris Si<strong>da</strong> nawili <strong>da</strong> ezo oqroTi <strong>da</strong>Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkuli figurebiT iyo morTuli .cnobilia, rom inkebi kargad flobdnen astronomias,geometrias, geografias, qirurgias, agronomias <strong>da</strong> a.S.amas mowmobs Tun<strong>da</strong>c maTi kalen<strong>da</strong>ri, romlis mixedviTac,weliwadi iyofo<strong>da</strong> oTx drod <strong>da</strong> mTvaris 12 Tved. TveSi ki29 dRe iyo. wlis bolosTvis umatebdnen ramdenime dRes,rac maTi gamoTvliT srul wels akl<strong>da</strong>. es iyo Tanamedrovekalendris 30-e <strong>da</strong> 31-e dReebi.inkebi mTebSi agebdnen qalaqebs, kargad flobdnen gzebismSeneblobis teqnikasac. ganaviTares mesaqonleoba, soflismeurneoba <strong>da</strong> irigacia (morwyvis sistema). mohyav<strong>da</strong>Tkartofili, qeri. moSinaurebuli hyav<strong>da</strong>T lama, radganacsamxreT amerikis mTebSi cxenebi ar iyo. mcenare pomidoricinkebi<strong>da</strong>n momdinareobs. TviT saxelwodeba `tomati~ inkurisityvi<strong>da</strong>n, `tomatli<strong>da</strong>n~ momdinareobs. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gavrcel<strong>da</strong>igi evropaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mas meore saxeli `pomo doro~ Searqves,rac italiurad `oqros vaSls~ niSnavs. evropelebi amnayofs didxans ar miirTmevdnen <strong>da</strong> mxolod dekoratiuli<strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT gamoiyenebdnen.
inkebis ganviTarebis maRal doneze metyvelebs isic, rommaT sakuTari ena hqon<strong>da</strong>T, ukravdnen sasule <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sartyaminstrumentebze, keramikisa <strong>da</strong> sxva masalisagan amzadebdnenulamazes WurWelsa <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva ornamentiT SemkulnivTebs; moipovebdnen <strong>da</strong> amuSavebdnen oqrosa <strong>da</strong> vercxls.inkebis imperia Zalze didi <strong>da</strong> Zlevamosili iyo, magram masSimcxovreb tomebs Soris ar arsebob<strong>da</strong> erTianoba, riTacisargebles evropelebma. kerZod, XVI saukunis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi<strong>da</strong>iwyo espanelTa Semosevebi. maT sur<strong>da</strong>T, xelSi CaegdoTinkebis simdidre, rasac miaRwies kidec. ase <strong>da</strong>eca <strong>da</strong>ganadgur<strong>da</strong> inkebis erT dros mdi<strong>da</strong>ri <strong>da</strong> uZleveli imperia.
ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad, SesaZlebelia aCvenoT foto, romelzec inkebisqalaqis nangrevebia gamosaxuli, <strong>da</strong>svaT kiTxvebi:_ ras xe<strong>da</strong>vT fotoze?_ vinmes xom ar unaxavs es foto?warmarTeT mcire diskusia am Temaze.mas Semdeg, rac klasSi Seiqmneba saTanado ganwyoba, aCveneT moswavleebsteqsti <strong>da</strong> auxseniT maT, rom am teqstze muSaoba mouwevT meTodisgamoyenebiT, romelsac `mniSvnelovani sityvebi~ ewodeba. uTxariT, romam meTodis mixedviT muSaoba maT Zalian waadgebaT, rogorc axali anmniSvnelovani sityvebis <strong>da</strong>maxsovrebaSi, aseve, teqstis Sinaarsis ukeTgagebaSic. gaafrTxileT, rom maT <strong>da</strong>urigdebaT teqsti aT baraTTanerTad. winaswar gansazRvrul droSi (dro ganisazRvreba teqstissididisa <strong>da</strong> sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT) yuradRebiT un<strong>da</strong> waikiTxonigi <strong>da</strong> baraTebze amoweron maTi azriT, teqstis Sinaarsis gasaazrebladyvelaze mniSvnelovani aTi sityva (TiTo baraTze iweren TiTo sityvas).Tuki mogeCvenebaT, rom am meTodis ganxorcielebis pirvel etapze 10-10 sityvis <strong>da</strong>xarisxeba did dros wagarTmevT, SegiZliaT jer sityvaTaufro naklebi raodenobiT <strong>da</strong>iwyoT (5 - 6 sityva) <strong>da</strong> nel-nela gazardoTmaTi odenoba 10 - mde.27rodesac yvela moswavle <strong>da</strong>asrulebs teqstze muSaobas, sTxoveT ormaTgans, <strong>da</strong>faze an winaswar momzadebul didi formatis qaRaldze(qaRaldi umjobesia im TvalsazrisiT, rom mogvianebiT SeZlebT,es sityvebi gamoakraT saklaso oTaxSi, rac saSualebas mogcemT,Tavisufal dros araerTxel miubrundeT maT) <strong>da</strong>iwyon sityvebissvetebis Seqmna. pirveli moswavle horizontalurad ganaTavsebsTavis baraTebs, meore ki sityvebs, romlebic mis baraTebzec meordeba,pirvelis qvemoT miakravs (anu <strong>da</strong>iwyebs vertikaluri svetis Seqmnas),xolo <strong>da</strong>narCens isev horizontalur rigSi ganaTavsebs. momdevnoetapze, rodesac yvela moswavle analogiuri principis gamoyenebiTganalagebs sityvebs <strong>da</strong>faze (an formatze), <strong>da</strong>iTvaleT TiToeuli sityvaramdenjer meordeba, anu moaxdineT maTi ranJireba <strong>da</strong> gamoavlineTyvelaze reitinguli sityvebi.<strong>da</strong>akvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs <strong>da</strong> warmarTeT diskusia Semdeg sakiTxebze:_ romeli sityvebi SeirCa yvelaze xSirad? ratom?_ rogor fiqrobT, rom ar yofiliyo sityva `tomi~, moakldebo<strong>da</strong> Tu aramniSvnelovani informacia teqsts?_ Tqveni azriT, yvelaze naklebreitingul sityvebs ra <strong>da</strong>tvirTva aqvTteqstSi? <strong>da</strong> a.S.
amgvari diskusia <strong>da</strong>exmareba moswavleebs, kidev erTxel miubrundnen SerCeulsityvebs, gaiTavison <strong>da</strong> gaiazron maTi mniSvnelobebi <strong>da</strong> ukeT Cawvdnenteqstis Sinaarss. am mxriv, aseve mniSvnelovania gakveTilis Semdgomi etapi,sa<strong>da</strong>c maT ukve jgufuri muSaoba mouwevT.<strong>da</strong>urigeT moswavleebs winaswar <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli feradi baraTebi, romlebzecukve mocemulia konkretuli <strong>da</strong>valebebi. sTxoveT maT, <strong>da</strong>jgufdnenbaraTebis ferTa mixedviT, SeurCieT an SearCevineT sityvebis kedli<strong>da</strong>nsityva/sityvebi, romlis gamoyenebiTac un<strong>da</strong> Seasrulon <strong>da</strong>valebebi <strong>da</strong>mieciT konkretuli dro am samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis. jgufebis raodenobaindividualurad un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvroT. sasurvelia, jgufSi moswavleTaodenoba 4 - 5-s ar aRematebodes.<strong>da</strong>valebebi jgufebisaTvis:gaakeTeT am sityvis `asociaciuri ruka~;miubrundiT teqsts <strong>da</strong> amoiwereT wina<strong>da</strong>deba an wina<strong>da</strong>debebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c essityvaa gamoyenebuli;am sityvis gamoyenebiT SeadgineT oTxi, erTmaneTisgan SinaarsiTgansxvavebuli wina<strong>da</strong>deba;<strong>da</strong>fiqrdiT, sad SeiZleba SegxvdeT an gaigonoT es sityva;CamowereT am sityvis sinonimebi (an antonimebi);<strong>da</strong>xateT ori an meti ilustracia, romelic gamoxatavs am sityvismniSvnelobas;sxeulis moZraobiT ganasaxiereT es sityva;<strong>da</strong>sviT kiTxvebi am sityvis gamoyenebiT.moswavleebi muSaoben jgufebSi <strong>da</strong> asruleben zemoT mocemuliCamonaTvali<strong>da</strong>n mxolod erTi tipis <strong>da</strong>valebas. SearCeven prezentators <strong>da</strong>akeTeben prezentacias. umjobesia, TiToeuli jgufuri namuSevris wardgenisSemdeg <strong>da</strong>svaT kiTxvebi:_ ramdenad saintereso iyo am <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesruleba?_ ra saxis sirTuleebs waawydiT muSaobis dros? <strong>da</strong> a.S.28gaiTvaliswineT, rom rac ufro meti dro <strong>da</strong>eTmoba sityvebze muSaobas <strong>da</strong> metsityvas gamoiyenebT sityvebis kedli<strong>da</strong>n, miT ufro maRali iqneba teqstisgagebis done. amitom Tu dro mogcemT amis saSualebas, amuSaveT jgufebi
imave <strong>da</strong>valebebze, amjerad ukve sxva sityvebis gamoyenebiT, an mieciT axali<strong>da</strong>valebebi, an <strong>da</strong>valebebi jgufebs Soris ga<strong>da</strong>anacvleT <strong>da</strong> a.S.amgvarad, jgufuri namuSevrebis ganxilvis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg, SesaZlebelia,sakiTxi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvarad SeajamoT: <strong>da</strong>awerinoT 5 wT-iani esse. magaliTad:`vin iyvnen inkebi?~ an `ra Seqmnes inkebma mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> saintereso?~ anmokle reziume imisa, Tu ra Seiswavles. aseve, SesaZlebelia, <strong>da</strong>asuraTebinoTteqsti. saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebad ki sTxoveT, moiZion <strong>da</strong>matebiTi informaciaaRniSnul sakiTxze.29
<strong>da</strong>fiqrdi,<strong>da</strong>wyvildi,gauziaremeTodis Sesaxeb`<strong>da</strong>fiqrdi – <strong>da</strong>wyvildi – gauziare~ aris meTodi, romelic saSualebasaZlevs moswavles, Camoayalibos sakuTari azri <strong>da</strong> gauziaros is sxvebs.igi erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi meTodia, romelic:aviTarebs moswavleTa zepirmetyvelebis, komunikaciis, Sejamebisa <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>skvnebis gakeTebis unar-Cvevebs;ayalibebs analitikur azrovnebas;aCvevs moswavleebs sxvaTa azris pativiscemas, mosmenasa <strong>da</strong>TanamSromlobas;ganapirobebs moswavleTa CarTulobas sagakveTilo procesSi.meTodi samsafexuriania <strong>da</strong> TiToeul safexurze konkretulad arisgansazRvruli moswavleTa saqmianoba:I. <strong>da</strong>fiqrdi _ moswavleebi individualurad fiqroben <strong>da</strong>smul SekiTxvaze;I I . <strong>da</strong>wyvildi _ moswavleebi wyvildebian <strong>da</strong> ganixilaven mofiqrebulpasuxs;III. gauziare _ moswavleebi wyvilebSi ganxilul pasuxs klass uziareben.meTodis msvlelobaes meTodi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saganSi, swavlebis nebismiersafexurze. efeqturia orive tipis teqstebTan samuSaod: SegiZliaT moargoTrogorc naratiul, aseve aRweriTi xasiaTis nawarmoebebs. gamoiyenebawakiTxvamde, kiTxvis procesSi <strong>da</strong> kiTxvis Semdeg.imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma efeqturad SeZlon am meTodis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiTteqstebis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba, esaubreT maT meTodis Sesaxeb. uTxariT, rom`<strong>da</strong>fiqrdi – <strong>da</strong>wyvildi – gauziare~, rogorc es saxelwodebi<strong>da</strong>n Cans, 3safexurs moicavs. auxseniT, ra moeTxovebaT TiToeul safexurze.30Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad SearCieT teqsti, moifiqreT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sviT SekiTxvagamowvevisaTvis, romelic uSualod ukavSirdeba Sesaswavl sakiTxs/Temas.kiTxvis <strong>da</strong>sma <strong>da</strong> maTze pasuxis Zieba <strong>saswavlo</strong> procesis erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi komponentia. SekiTxvis <strong>da</strong>sma sagrZnoblad aaqtiurebssakiTxis Seswavlis motivacias, CarTulobas. exmareba moswavles,gansazRvros mocemuli teqstis wakiTxvis mizani. Cven ki gvexmareba,ganvsazRvroT moswavleTa gagebis done.Tumca SekiTxvis <strong>da</strong>smas axlavs ori problema:moswavleTa pasiuroba: roca kiTxvas vsvamT mTeli klasis winaSe, moswavleTamcire raodenobas, zogjer ki aravis surs Tavisi nebiT pasuxis gacema.kiTxvaze pasuxs scemen aqtiuri moswavleebi, morcxvi <strong>da</strong> pasiuri moswavleebiki, rogorc wesi, Tvals gvarideben.31pasuxis mosafiqreblad arasworad gansazRvruli dro: kiTxvis <strong>da</strong>smisSemdeg maswavlebeli, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, erT wamis Semdeg iTxovs pasuxs. rogorcki erT-erTs gamoiZaxeben, <strong>da</strong>narCeni fiqrs wyvets. moswavleTa umravlesobafiqrobs, cotaa imis albaToba, rom pasuxs swored mas mosTxoven, amitompasuxze fiqrs Tavs arideben.am ori problemis ga<strong>da</strong>Wras gvTavazobs `<strong>da</strong>fiqrdi – <strong>da</strong>wyvildi –gauziare~. meTodis specifiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, romTav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad moswavle pasuxs mewyviles uziarebs, Semdeg ki mTel klass),moswavles aqvs pasuxismgebloba mewyvilisa <strong>da</strong> klasis winaSe: konkretuladgamoyofili drois Semdeg moswavle an misi mewyvile valdebulia, waradginosrogorc sakuTari, aseve partnioris naazrevi.aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, es meTodi yvela moswavles aqtiurad rTavs sagakveTiloprocesSi.<strong>da</strong>fiqrdipirvel etapze moswavleebi fiqroben TavianT pasuxze. es aris dro,romelic gamoyofilia e.w. `Cumi fiqrisaTvis~, rac saSualebas aZlevsmoswavles, kargad moifiqros <strong>da</strong> Camoayalibos pasuxi. SekiTxvis sirTuli<strong>da</strong>ngamomdinare, moswavles mosafiqreblad SeiZleba mieces 10 wami<strong>da</strong>n 2 wuTamde.moswavle pasuxis Camoyalibebas cdilobs arsebuli (winare) codnisgaaqtiurebiT.am safexurze moswavleebs uviTardebaT pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba.moswavleebi cdiloben, kargad Camoayalibon saTqmeli/pasuxi, vidre<strong>da</strong>iwyeben partniorTan diskusias. SegiZliaT iaroT klasSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>akvirdeT,Tu ras weren (im SemTxvevaSi, Tu muSaoben samuSao furcelSi), an mousminoTmaT saubars, raTa gaarkvioT, romel maTgans esmis sakiTxis arsi. esgauqarwylebs moswavleebs survils, isxdnen pasiurad, mewyvilis namuSevrisime<strong>da</strong>d.
moswavleebs TavianTi azris <strong>da</strong>fiqsireba werilobiTac SuZliaT. amisaTvisgamoiyeneT samuSao furceli, romelic maT individualurad un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>urigdeT. gaziarebis etapze, swored am furcelze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT SeuZliaTprezentaciis gakeTeba. furcels, SesaZloa, angariSis saxe misceT, racgamogadgebaT moswavleTa saboloo Sefasebisas (samuSao furceli ix.qvemoT).<strong>da</strong>wyvildiSemdeg moswavle uwyvildeba mis gverdiT mjdoms an erTiandeba jgufSi.Tu Tqven SesTavazebT mewyvilis Tavisi nebiT SerCevas, isini popularulmoswavleebs amjobineben, amitom winaswar gansazRvreT wyvilSi moswavleTavinaoba.ramdenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi (<strong>da</strong>axl. 1-3 wuTi) moswavleebi ganixilavenTavianT ideebs, pasuxebs.rogorc cnobilia, moswavleebs sakiTxis gaazrebaSi exmareba saubari/diskusia. saubris dros moswavleebi TavianT pasuxebze xelaxla fiqroben <strong>da</strong>axali ideebi ebadebaT.isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom bavSvi, romelic simorcxvis gamo Tavsikaveb<strong>da</strong> pasuxis gacemisagan, mewyvilesTan mainc ganixilavs Tavis ideas.es aris erT-erTi saSualeba, rom moswavle gaxdes Tav<strong>da</strong>jerebuli, TavisSexedulebebze Tamamad isaubros.Tu SeniSnavT, rom wyvili<strong>da</strong>n romelime moswavle dialogSi erTpirovnuladdominirebs, SegiZliaT CaerioT <strong>da</strong> reglamentis reJimze ga<strong>da</strong>iyvanoT. amSemTxvevaSi, Tqven aZlevT TiToeul mewyviles garkveul salaparako dros.mag. moswavle #1 <strong>da</strong> #3 iwyeben diskusias. 60 wamis Semdeg wyveten <strong>da</strong> sTxovT<strong>da</strong>narCenebs, TavianTi azrebi gamoTqvan.gauziaremas Semdeg, rac wyvilebi erTmaneTis pasuxebs moismenen, rasac 3 wuTze metidro ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>uTmoT, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, TavianTi azriklass gauziaron.moswavleebs ufro meti survili aqvT, gamoTqvan TavianTi azri <strong>da</strong>wyvilebisSemdeg, radgan pasuxze pasuxismgeblobas wyvili iyofs. <strong>da</strong>wyvilebisSemdeg moswavleebi saTqmels ufro lakonurad ayalibeben, radgan hqon<strong>da</strong>TsaSualeba, emsjelaT, ganexilaT mofiqrebuli pasuxi.32gaziarebaSi maT samuSao furcelic exmarebaT, romelic SejamebisaTvisgamoadgebaT, am sqemas, pirobiTad, SesaZloa angariSis formac ki vuwodoT.
samuSaofurceliSekiTxva me ra vifiqre mewyvilem raifiqraragavuziareTerTmaneTs33Cemi saxeli: ____________________mewyvile:____________________
gaziarebisaTvis, SesaZloa, gamoiZaxoT TiToeuli wyvili an, ubralod,gamohkiTxoT im moswavleebs, romelTac xeli aqvT aweuli. SegiZliaTmoswavleebi gamoiZaxoT SemTxveviTi SerCevis gziT. <strong>da</strong>nomrili joxebian furclebi CayareT qudSi, TiToeul nivTs miusa<strong>da</strong>geT saklaso siaSimoswavlis nomeri. amoiReT romelime joxi/qaRaldi <strong>da</strong> Sesabamis moswavleshkiTxeT, ras ambob<strong>da</strong> diskusiisas misi mewyvile. umravlesoba bavSvebisa,ar usmens erTmaneTs. maT mxolod is axsovT, ras laparakobdnen TviTon.Tu gamoiyenebT am strategias, isini iswavlian partnioris mosmenas.mniSvnelovania, rom moswavlem iseve kargad SeZlos saubari <strong>da</strong> msjelobapartnioris ideebsa Tu pasuxze, rogorc sakuTarze.kargi iqneba, Tu moswavleTa naazrevi, samuSao furclis gar<strong>da</strong>, didiformatis qaRaldze an <strong>da</strong>faze <strong>da</strong>fiqsirdeba. am saqmianobaSi SegiZliaTmoswavle <strong>da</strong>ixmaroT.roca <strong>da</strong>rwmundebiT, rom moswavleebma kargad gaiazres micemuli kiTxva/sakiTxi, gaagrZeleT gakveTili <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sviT momdevno SekiTxva.es meTodi eyrdnoba konstruqtivizmis Teorias. codna konstruirdeba,roca piradi gamocdileba, winare codna upirispirdeba axal ideebsa <strong>da</strong>situaciebs. pirvel etapze, roca moswavleebs vTxovT, <strong>da</strong>fiqrdnen <strong>da</strong>Camoayalibon pasuxi <strong>da</strong>smul SekiTxvaze, moswavleebi cdiloben winarecodnis gaaqtiurebas, riTac mzaddeba nia<strong>da</strong>gi axali codnis <strong>da</strong>saSeneblad.<strong>da</strong>wyvilebis etapze moswavleebi iwyeben TavianTi codnis konstruirebasdiskusiis gziT <strong>da</strong> arkveven, Tu ra ician ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb. aseTiaqtiuri procesi ar aris maTTvis xelmisawvdomi tradiciul gakveTilebze,roca isini pasiuri msmenelebis rolSi gamodian.es meTodi aviTarebs Semdeg unar-Cvevebs: mosmena, informaciis gaziareba,sxvaTa azris Sejereba, perifrazireba, azris sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocema.moswavle pasuxismgebelia, Tavisi pasuxi/idea mewyviles gauziaros. aseve,pasuxismgebelia, mewyvilis idea, azri, pasuxi sxva wyvils an mTel klassgauziaros. amitom cdilobs, kargad mousminos partniors, <strong>da</strong>imaxsovrosinformacia <strong>da</strong> saTqmeli sakuTari sityvebiT gadmosces.kvleva cxadyofs, rom Cven gvWirdeba dro, raTa kargad gaviazroT axaliinformacia <strong>da</strong> ideebi. roca maswavlebeli erTbaSad awvdis moswavlesdidi raodenobiT siaxles, umetesi nawili ikargeba. Tu moswavles xSiradSevTavazebT am meTods, gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi miRebuli informaciisumetesi nawili advilad <strong>da</strong>rCeba maT mexsierebaSi.34
orientirebulikiTxvameTodis Sesaxeborientirebuli kiTxva erT-erTi popularuli meTodia <strong>da</strong> mas msofliosmraval skolaSi iyeneben maswavleblebi. orientirebuli kiTxvamonakveTebad <strong>da</strong>yofil teqstTan muSaobas gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong> kiTxvissamive fazas moicavs (wakiTxvamde, kiTxvis dros, wakiTxvis Semdeg).pirvel fazaze maswavlebeli aqtiur rols asrulebs, raTa moswavleebisaTanadod moemzadon kiTxvis <strong>da</strong>sawyebad. am fazaze moswavleebiaaqtiureben winare codnas, ganixilaven teqstis mniSvnelovanleqsikur erTeulebs (sityvebs, cnebebs, terminebs), ayalibeben teqstiswakiTxvis mizans/<strong>da</strong>niSnulebas <strong>da</strong>, demonstrirebisa <strong>da</strong> praqtikulivarjiSis gziT, iviTareben efeqturi kiTxvisa <strong>da</strong> gagebisaTvis saWirounarebs. kiTxvis procesSi, maswavleblis mier <strong>da</strong>smuli SekiTxvebisgamoyenebiT, moswavleebi cdiloben, gaakontrolon gagebis procesi.am fazaze moswavleebi mimarTaven gagebisaTvis saWiro iseT qmedebebs,rogoricaa: wakiTxulis Sejameba, <strong>da</strong>skvnebis gamotana, SekiTxvebis<strong>da</strong>sma, varaudis gamoTqma <strong>da</strong> a. S. aseve, moswavleebi cdiloben, gaarkvion,Tu ra ver gaiges saTanadod <strong>da</strong> rogor aris SesaZlebeli gaazrebaSiwarmoqmnili xarvezebis <strong>da</strong>Zleva. wakiTxvis Semdeg maswavlebeli uZRvebadiskusias, romelic mocemuli teqstis wakiTxvis Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel mizanzefokusirebulia.35orientirebuli kiTxvis meTodi Semdegi ZiriTadi safexurebis gavlasgulisxmobs:1. Sesavali• ra iciT am sakiTxis/Temis Sesaxeb?2. varaudebis gamoTqma• ras geubnebaT saTauri? ras Seexeba es teqsti? ratomfiqrobT ase?• ras geubnebaT y<strong>da</strong>ze <strong>da</strong>/an teqstSi mocemuliilustraciebi?• ras mogviTxrobs es teqsti? ratom fiqrobT ase?3. varaudebis <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stureba an modificireba• axla ras fiqrobT? ras grZnobT? ratom gagiCn<strong>da</strong>T es azri/ganc<strong>da</strong>?• SegiZliaT Tqveni varaudebis <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stureba? xom ar SecvliTvaraudebs?• ra moxdeba amis Semdeg? ratom fiqrobT ase?
4. gaazreba/refleqsia• teqstis romeli adgilebis moSveliebiT SegiZliaT Tqvenivaraudebis <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stureba?• teqstis romeli adgilebis wakiTxvis Sedegad SeitaneTcvlilebebi Tqvens varaudebSi?orientirebuli kiTxva ramdenime <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT gamoiyeneba,kerZod:• moswavle iazrebs sityvebis mniSvnelobas <strong>da</strong> cdilobs maT SoriskavSiris gabmas;• moswavle aaqtiurebs winare codnas teqstis sakvanZo TemasTan<strong>da</strong> ZiriTad sakiTxebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT;• moswavle gaavarjiSebs kiTxvisa <strong>da</strong> gagebis sabaziso unarebs(varaudis gamoTqma, Sejameba, SekiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma <strong>da</strong> sxv.);• moswavle eCveva teqstis wakiTxvis miznis Camoyalibebas kiTxvis<strong>da</strong>wyebamde;• moswavle swavlobs, Tu rogor miadevnos Tvalyuri gagebisprocess <strong>da</strong> rogor ga<strong>da</strong>Wras gaazrebis dros wamoWriliproblemebi.orientirebuli kiTxva xels uwyobs moswavleebs, ukeT gaiazron <strong>da</strong>siRrmiseulad <strong>da</strong>amuSaon naratiuli (TxrobiTi) teqstebi. aRniSnulimeTodis gamoyenebisas, moswavleebs uviTardebaT kritikuli azrovneba _isini swavloben kiTxvis <strong>da</strong>smas, varaudebis gamoTqmas <strong>da</strong> argumentirebulmsjelobas. meTodi gamoiyeneba rogorc <strong>da</strong>wyebiT, aseve sabazo safexurze.orientirebuli kiTxvis meTodi maswavlebels saSualebas aZlevs, yveladonis moswavles gaaazrebinos <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amuSavebinos Tun<strong>da</strong>c rTuli teqsti.SenarCunebul iqnas yuradReba <strong>da</strong> interesi teqstis kiTxvis mTeli procesisganmavlobaSi <strong>da</strong> moswavle bolomde gatacebul mkiTxvelad <strong>da</strong>rCes.orientirebuli kiTxvis meTodi miznad isaxavs moswavleTa aqtiur CarTvaskiTxvis procesSi, interesis aRZvras, zneobriv-esTetikur RirebulebaTaCamoyalibebas. moswavles SeuZlia, kritikulad aRiqvas, gaaanalizos masala,ganixilos misi Rirseba <strong>da</strong> mniSvneloba.orientirebuli kiTxvis meTodi saSualebas iZleva, moswavle gavideserovnuli <strong>saswavlo</strong> gegmiT <strong>da</strong>saxul miznebsa <strong>da</strong> Sedegebze. kerZod:36moswavle <strong>da</strong>moukideblad kiTxulobs <strong>da</strong> adekvaturad aRiqvamssxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis teqsts, gadmoscems maT Sinaarss;gamoxatavs sakuTar <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas wakiTxulis mimarT;avlens eTikuri <strong>da</strong> esTetikuri Sefasebis survils;konkretuli sakiTxis <strong>da</strong>samuSaveblad, iyenebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvastrategias;Txzavs <strong>da</strong> werilobiT gadmoscems sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis mcire zomisteqsts;avlens TviTgamoxatvis survils.
meTodis gamoyeneba <strong>saswavlo</strong> procesSi(meTodi rom ufro naTeli gaxdes, mkiTxvelisaTvis magaliTebi moyvanili iqnebaSarl peros yvelasaTvis kargad nacnobi zRapri<strong>da</strong>n `wiTelqu<strong>da</strong>~.)teqsti winaswar <strong>da</strong>yaviT ramdenime nawilad. mniSvnelovania, rom teqstigawydes sakvanZo sakiTxebTan, raTa moswavleebma Semdeg monakveTSimocemuli siuJetis Sesaxeb gamoTqvan varaudi;gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi gaakeTeT mokle mimoxilva nawarmoebis avtorze (amsaubars nu <strong>da</strong>uTmobT 5 wuTze mets);moswavleebs ganumarteT, rom teqsti nawil-nawil un<strong>da</strong> waikiTxon <strong>da</strong>yoveli nawilis Semdeg mouwevT SeCereba. auxseniT, rom am pirobis <strong>da</strong>cvaZalian mniSvnelovania, radgan, erTi mxriv, un<strong>da</strong> gaiazron ukve wakiTxulimonakveTi, axsnan gaugebari sityvebi, Seecadon, sakuTari sityvebiTgadmoscen Sinaarsi, <strong>da</strong>svan kiTxvebi wakiTxulis irgvliv, gascen pasuxebimaswavleblis mier <strong>da</strong>smul kiTxvebs <strong>da</strong>, meore mxriv, gamoTqvan varaudebimomdevno nawilis Sesaxeb;37moswavleTa gamowvevis mizniT, gamoiyeneT aqtivoba: `leqsikurierTeulebiT ambis Sedgena~;SearCieT teqsti<strong>da</strong>n 4-5 sityva, romelic amokrefilia SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvaradzusti varaudebis misaniSneblad, magram, amave dros, ar amJRavnebsnawarmoebis saidumlos;CamouwereT es sityvebi <strong>da</strong>faze (magaliTad: gogona, mgeli, tye, bebia,monadire) <strong>da</strong> sTxoveT moswavleebs, am sityvebis gamoyenebiT, 5 wT-isganmavlobaSi SeTxzan patara ambavi <strong>da</strong> SeurCion saTauri;moswavleebi weren individualurad (an wyvilebSi);sTxoveT moswavleebs, survilis mixedviT gamovidnen `saavtoro skamze~<strong>da</strong> mTeli klasis winaSe waikiTxon maT mier SeTxzuli ambavi. (`saavtoroskami~ es aris specialurad morTuli skami, romelic gamoiyeneba mxolodim SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moswavleebi TviTon arian ,,avtorebi~) moswavleebigamodian <strong>da</strong> kiTxuloben, rogorc ,,avtorebi,~ Tanaklaselebi taSiTajildoveben maT;amis Semdeg moswavleebs gaacaniT miTiTeba (instruqcia), rom dResgamoiyeneben `varaudebis sqemas~. <strong>da</strong>faze gaakariT winaswar <strong>da</strong>xazuli`varaudebis sqema~ <strong>da</strong> sTxoveT moswavleebs, ga<strong>da</strong>ixazon;auxseniT, ras niSnavs `varaudebis sqema~ <strong>da</strong> rogor un<strong>da</strong> imuSaon masze(varaudebis sqemis Sevseba SeuZliaT moswavleebs I I I klasi<strong>da</strong>n zemoT).
varaudebis sqemarogor fiqrobT,ra moxdeba?ratom fiqrobTase?sinamdvileSi ramox<strong>da</strong>?saTauriswakiTxvis SemdegI monakveTiswakiTxvis SemdegII monakveTiswakiTxvis SemdegIII monakveTiswakiTxvis Semdegmoswavleebs waukiTxeT saTauri <strong>da</strong> sTxoveT, <strong>da</strong>fiqrdnen <strong>da</strong> gamoTqvanvaraudi, Tu raze iqneba saubari am teqstSi; Semdeg sTxoveT, Seavsoncxrilis I grafa: `rogor fiqrobT, ra moxdeba?~ <strong>da</strong> II garafa: `ratomfiqrobT ase?~ (am grafaSi moswavleebma un<strong>da</strong> miuTiTon, ra miniSnebaaqvT saamisod. TiToeuli pauzisaTvis gamouyaviT dro, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 5-7wT.)moviyvanoT magaliTi: waukiTxeT saTauri _ `wiTelqu<strong>da</strong>~ <strong>da</strong> hkiTxeT:rogor fiqroben, raze iqneba saubari am zRaparSi? moswavleebi gamoTqvamenvaraudebs <strong>da</strong> Tan miuTiTeben, rom radgan saTauria `wiTelqu<strong>da</strong>~, albaTmTavari moqmedi gmiri iqneba bavSvi, romelsac wiTeli qudi axuravs... (annebismieri sxva pasuxi, romelic saTaurTan iqneba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli)amis Semdeg sTxoveT, waikiTxon pirveli nawili <strong>da</strong> Seavson III grafa:`sinamdvileSi ra mox<strong>da</strong>?~moviyvanoT magaliTi: moswavlem ki gamoTqva varaudi, rom mTavari moqmedigmiri iqneba bavSvi, romelsac wiTeli qudi axuravs, magram wakiTxvis Semdeg<strong>da</strong>azusta, rom marTlac es yofila patara gogona, romelsac bebiam mouqsovawiTeli qudi <strong>da</strong> radgan mu<strong>da</strong>m es qudi axuravs, wiTelqu<strong>da</strong> Searqves.moswavleebs sTxoveT, gamoTqvan axali varaudebi, ra moxdeba SemdegnawilSi? <strong>da</strong> ra miniSneba aqvT saamisod. teqstis meore nawilSiganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb axali varaudebi I <strong>da</strong> II svetSiSeitanon.38ase gaimeoreT II <strong>da</strong> III monakveTis wakiTxvis Semdeg (vidre moswavleebiukanasknel monakveTs ar waikiTxaven).
SeniSvna: varaudebis gamoTqmis dros <strong>da</strong>icaviT garkveuli kanonzomiereba,raTa yovelTvis erTi <strong>da</strong> igive moswavle ar aqtiurobdes. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva pauzisdros moswavleebs mieciT saSualeba, gamoTqvan azri ise, rom mTeli klasiiyos CarTuli am procesSi (sasurvelia, maswavlebelma Tavi Seikavosmoswavlis mier gamoTqmuli azris komentirebisgan).kiTxvis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg moismineT moswavleTa gamoxmaurebawakiTxulis Sesaxeb. <strong>da</strong>usviT SekiTxvebi:- ras fiqrobT wakiTxulis Sesaxeb? ras grZnobT?- ra grZnoba <strong>da</strong>geuflaT, rodesac Tqveni varaudi gamarTl<strong>da</strong>? (an,piriqiT, ar gamarTl<strong>da</strong>)- riT hgavs <strong>da</strong> riT gansxvavdeba nawarmoebi Tqven mier SeqmniliTxzulebisagan?- ra aris nawarmoebis `de<strong>da</strong>azri~?- Tqven rom avtori iyoT, rogor ganagrZobdiT? (an rogor<strong>da</strong>asrulebdiT nawarmoebs?)39am SekiTxvebis irgvliv SeiZleba gaimarTos minidiskusia.<strong>da</strong>sasruls, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT weriTi aqtivoba: `gmiris ruka~; gamoyaviTori mTavari gmiri <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axasiaTeT sqemis gamoyenebiT. sqema Tqven TviTon<strong>da</strong>uxazeT <strong>da</strong>faze an winaswar gaamzadeT didi formatis qaRaldze <strong>da</strong> auxseniTmoswavleebs, rogor un<strong>da</strong> imuSaon masze.gmiris rukaI gmiriII gmiriTviseba:Tviseba:argumenti:argumenti:
moviyvanoT magaliTi:gamoyaviT 2 mTavari gmiri: wiTelqu<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mgeli;sTxoveT moswavleebs, ga<strong>da</strong>ixazon sqema samuSao furcelze (an rveulSi)<strong>da</strong> Seavson individualurad. amisTvis SeuZliaT isev <strong>da</strong>ubrundnenteqsts <strong>da</strong> erTxel kidev gaiazron.gmiris rukawiTelqu<strong>da</strong>mgeligulubryviloborotiwiTelqu<strong>da</strong>m ar ico<strong>da</strong>rogori saSiSi iyo tyeSimarto gaCereba <strong>da</strong> mgelTanlaparakimivar<strong>da</strong> mgelibebias <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>ylapa. Semdegmivar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>fexsacmelebian-wiTelqudianadga<strong>da</strong>ylapa gogonaSeiZleba gamoyoT ara erTi, aramed 2-3 <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSan-Tviseba.SeiZleba argumenti teqsti<strong>da</strong>n moiyvanoT, an moswavlem Tavisi naazrevi<strong>da</strong>weros (magram, am SemTxvevaSi, ukeTesia argumenti teqsti<strong>da</strong>n, raTamoswavle kvlav <strong>da</strong>ubrundes teqsts <strong>da</strong> ufro kargad gaiazros).bolos moswavleebma un<strong>da</strong> gamoitanon namuSevrebi <strong>da</strong> gaakran <strong>da</strong>faze ankedelze <strong>da</strong> gaakeTon prezentacia.SeiZleba gamoiyenoT aqtivoba `gaseirneba galereaSi~, rodesacmoswavleebi gakveTilis bolos aTvaliereben erTmaneTis namuSevrebs <strong>da</strong>namuSevris qveS akeTeben werilobiT komentarebs.40SefasebisTvis, SegiZliaT, winaswar SeadginoT `Sefasebis rubrika~.gTavazobT erT-erT nimuSs:
Sefasebis rubrikakriteriumebi / doneebiI<strong>da</strong>baliII<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeliIIIsaSualoIVmaRali<strong>da</strong>moukideblad kiTxulobsteqsts <strong>da</strong> igebs mis Sinaarsssvams kiTxvebs informaciisukeT gasaazreblad41am-gamoTqvams varauds <strong>da</strong>yarebs argumentiTaxasiaTebs nawarmoebisgmirs <strong>da</strong> afasebs missaqcielsSeiZleba saSinao <strong>da</strong>valebad misceT (an klasSi SeasruloT) TavisufaliTema, magaliTad:• rogor ganagrZobdi am zRapars?• Sen rom wiTelqu<strong>da</strong>s (bebiis, mglis, monadiris) adgilze yofiliyavi, rogormoiqceodi?• ,,miswereT werili wiTelqu<strong>da</strong>s~;• ,,gaasamarTleT mgeli~ <strong>da</strong> a.S.<strong>da</strong>valebebis mravalferovneba Tqvens SemoqmedebiT fantaziazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.
mkiTxvelTaTeatri`mkiTxvelTa Teatri~ advilad SeiZleba iqces bavSvebis sayvarel meTo<strong>da</strong>d,vinai<strong>da</strong>n is TamaSis bevr elements aerTianebs.rogorc cnobilia, gamarTuli kiTxvis swavlebis erT-erTi saukeTesosaSualebaa gameorebiTi kiTxva. gameorebiTi kiTxvis formebia:eqos tipis kiTxva – maswavlebeli xmamaRla kiTxulobs teqstismonakveTs, moswavleebi imeoreben;gunduri kiTxva _ maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> moswavleebi erTad, erTxmadkiTxuloben teqsts;monacvleobiTi kiTxva _ pirvel striqons/wina<strong>da</strong>debas kiTxulobsmaswavlebeli, meore striqons/wina<strong>da</strong>debas _ moswavleebi;<strong>da</strong> `mkiTxvelTa Teatri~ romelic aris swavlebis meTodi, romelicgulisxmobs naratiuli teqstis moswavleebis mier kiTxvas rolebSi.`mkiTxvelTa Teatri~ gamoiyeneba rogorc <strong>da</strong>wyebiT, aseve sabazo safexurze.aRniSnuli meTodi:aviTarebs gamarTuli kiTxvis unars-Cvevas;aviTarebs mosmenisa <strong>da</strong> metyvelebis unar-Cvevebs;unergavs moswavles sakuTari SesaZleblobebis rwmenas;aviTarebs socialur, TanamSromlobiT <strong>da</strong> interpersonalurunar-Cvevebs;zrdis bavSvis TviTSefasebas;unergavs moswavles kiTxvis siyvaruls.maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom moswavleebi, romelTac ar uyvarT kiTxva,didi surviliTa <strong>da</strong> siyvaruliT varjiSoben gameorebiT kiTxvaSi <strong>da</strong>monawileoben `mkiTxvelTa TeatrSi~. es aris saSualeba, rom moswavleebsaraganzrax `vaiZuloT~ teqstis ramdenjerme wakiTxva maSin, roca umetesobawigns/teqsts mxolod erTxel kiTxulobs.42`mkiTxvelTa Teatris~ <strong>da</strong>gegmva <strong>da</strong> ganxorcieleba iolia. ar moiTxovsxangrZliv mzadebas, kostiumebs, teqstis <strong>da</strong>zepirebas, <strong>da</strong>dgmas (igulisxmebareJisura), dekoracias. speqtaklisgan gansxvavebiT, ar aris SezRuduli amelementebiT. `mkiTxvelTa Teatris~ ganxorcieleba martiv warmosaxvazea<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.
erT-erTi maswavlebeli, romlisTvisac prioritetuli iyo SegnebulikiTxvis swavleba mesame klasis moswavleebisaTvis, aRniSnavs, rom mox<strong>da</strong>usiamovno faqti – misi moswavleebi iyvnen Zlierebi Segnebul kiTxvaSi,gamarTul kiTxvaSi ki arc Tu ise warmatebulebi. Tumca maswavlebelmamiagno gasaRebs. `mkiTxvelTa Teatri~ misTvis aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> jadosnurigamosavali. sul raRac 10 kviraSi moswavleebs mniSvnelovani winsvlahqon<strong>da</strong>T gamarTuli kiTxvis unaris ganviTarebaSi. erTwliani muSaobisSedegad ki moswavleebma meoTxe klasis stan<strong>da</strong>rts miaRwies.meTodis mimdinareoba43Tu Tqven ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetT am meTodis gamoyenebiT gakveTilis Catarebas,saintereso resursebi teqstis saxiT SegiZliaT moiZioT saitzewww.readerstheatregeo.wikispaces.com es aris qarTulenovani saiti,romelzec SegiZliaT <strong>da</strong>registrirdeT, atvirToT Tqven mier moZiebuliteqstebi <strong>da</strong> gauziaroT STabeWdilebebi sxva maswavleblebs.rolebis ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebapirvel rigSi, moZebneT naratiuli tipis teqsti. umjobesi iqneba,Tu SearCevT zRapars, mcire zomis piesas an moTxrobas. gansazRvreT,ramdeni roli gaqvT, moniSneT TiToeuli maTgani. dialogebs SorismonakveTebi ki ga<strong>da</strong>unawileT mTxrobelebs.rogor moviqceT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu meti roli gaqvT, jgufi ki pataraa?aseT dros SegiZliaT SearCioT gamosavali:erT moswavles mieciT ramdenime roli;amoiReT an SeuTavseT roli sxva personaJs;konkretuli mTxrobelis magivrad, gamoiyeneT TviTon personaJimTxrobelad. rac imas gulisxmobs, rom personaJi kiTxulobsmTxrobelisaTvis gankuTvnili teqstis im nawils, romelicuSualod mas exeba, mis qmedebas asaxavs (mag. kalaTi<strong>da</strong>n viRebwiTel vaSls <strong>da</strong> vkbeC).im SemTxvevaSi, roca roli naklebia <strong>da</strong> jgufi didia:<strong>da</strong>anawevreT personaJebi orad an metad, Sesabamisad, teqsticgaiyofa;<strong>da</strong>anawevreT mTxrobelebis teqsti.mas Semdeg, rac moZebniT teqsts <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>anawilebT rolebs, esaubreTbavSvebs im aqtivobebis Sesaxeb, romelTa ganxorcielebasac gegmavTkviris ganmavlobaSi. gaacaniT meTodi `mkiTxvelTa Teatri~, <strong>da</strong>usaxeTkviris ganmavlobaSi misaRwevi Sedegebi. waukiTxeT nawarmoebi saTanado
intonaciisa <strong>da</strong> Jestikulaciis gamoyenebiT, raTa moswavleebs interesiaReZraT rogorc nawarmoebis, aseve meTodisadmi. amis Semdeg ga<strong>da</strong>unawileTteqsti. es sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvarad SegiZliaT ganaxorcieloT:<strong>da</strong>faze CamouwereT konkretuli miniSnebebi <strong>da</strong> Tavad moiniSnonteqstSi saTanado adgilebi;iseTi teqsti <strong>da</strong>urigeT, sa<strong>da</strong>c ukve winaswar iqneba moniSnuli maTTvisgankuTvnili roli;<strong>da</strong>usaxeleT roli <strong>da</strong> sTxoveT, rom CainiSnon.muSaobis formebisTxoveT, rom individualurad gaecnon teqsts. miaqcion yuradReba rogorcsakuTar rols, aseve teqstis <strong>da</strong>narCen nawilsac. raTa SeZlon teqstismTlianobaSi aRqma <strong>da</strong> Tanmimdevrobis gaTaviseba. SesTavazeT muSaobissxva<strong>da</strong>sxva forma:individualuri - moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad amuSaveben teqsts;wyvilebSi - <strong>da</strong>awyvileT moswavleebi, miabareT susti mkiTxveli kargmkiTxvels; sTxoveT, rom <strong>da</strong>xmareba gauwios, mousminos <strong>da</strong> miscessasargeblo rCevebi;jgufuri - ganumarteT, rom rolze muSaobisas didi mniSvneloba aqvsTanamSromlobas, amitom aucileblad gamoadgebaT megobruli SeniSvna<strong>da</strong> komentari. <strong>da</strong>jgufeba SeiZleba moxdes am principiT: mTxrobelimTxrobelTan, personaJebi mTxrobelebTan an mxolod personaJebierTad. am SemTxvevaSi TiToeul moswavles rolis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba-<strong>da</strong>xvewaSimeti mrCeveli eyoleba.Tqvenzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli muSaobis rogor stils SearCeven Tqveni moswavleebi,Tumca ajobebs, Tu etapobrivad SesTavazebT individualur, wyvilebSi <strong>da</strong>jgufebSi muSaobas. gaiTvaliswineT, rom individualur muSaobas ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvetimniSvneloba aqvs. jgufuri muSaobis Semdeg moswavlem aucileblad un<strong>da</strong>imuSaos <strong>da</strong>moukideblad, raTa kargad gaiazros xarvezebi, CauRrmavdesSecdomebs <strong>da</strong> gamoasworos.mosamzadebeli periodi44winaswar ganusazRvreT dro mosamzadebeli periodisaTvis (SesaZloa esiyos 1-2 kvira). mosamzadebel periodSi igulisxmeba teqstze muSaoba,varjiSi rolisaTvis saTanado intonaciiisa <strong>da</strong> Jestikulaciis SerCevaSi,rekvizitebis <strong>da</strong>mzadeba. SegiZliaT am saqmianobas pirobiTad `repeticiebic~<strong>da</strong>arqvaT. <strong>da</strong>muSavebuli teqstis saboloo prezentacias ki `warmodgena~.
saukeTeso variantia teqstis Setana orSabaTs, kviris <strong>da</strong>narCeni dReebi<strong>da</strong>eTmoba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis aqtivobebs. kviris bolos ki <strong>da</strong>igegmeba warmodgena.ar aris savaldebulo repeticiebs mTeli sagakveTilo procesi <strong>da</strong>uTmoT,amisaTvis SegiZliaT yoveldRiurad gamoyoT 10-15 wuTi, moswavleebs kiurCioT, rom individualurad imuSaon saxlebSi.moswavleebs aucileblad moasmenineT gamarTuli kiTxvis nimuSi.amisTvis SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT zRaprebis audioCanawerebi an aCvenoTromelime msaxiobis mxatvruli kiTxvis nimuSi. audio an videomasalisnaxvis Semdeg aucileblad moawyveT ganxilva. asaubreT sakuTar emociebze,STabeWdilebebze. <strong>da</strong>afiqreT im xerxebze, romelsac iyenebs msaxiobisaTqmelis gamosaxatad. SeafasebineT maTi gamosvla. es maT garkveulibarierebisa <strong>da</strong> kompleqsebis <strong>da</strong>ZlevaSi <strong>da</strong>exmarebaT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, miiRebenkonkretul miTiTebebs, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong> warmarTon muSaoba.45aucileblad esaubreT TeatrTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul terminebze. kargi iqneba,Tu moswavleebs warmodgena eqnebaT iseT sityvebze, rogoric aris piesa,reJisori, scena, kulisi, replika, rekviziti <strong>da</strong> a. S. <strong>da</strong>afiqreT maTmniSvnelobaze.asaubreT moswavleebi speqtaklebSi rekvizitebis rolze, <strong>da</strong>tvirTvaze.moifiqron, ra rekvizitebi SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>sWirdeT, rom warmodgena ufrosaintereso <strong>da</strong> sanaxaobrivi gaxdes. ras moiZieben Sin, ris <strong>da</strong>mzadebasSeZleben <strong>da</strong>moukideblad. Seqmnan jgufebi, ga<strong>da</strong>inawilon <strong>da</strong>valeba, imsjelon<strong>da</strong> moifiqron, rogor <strong>da</strong>amzadeben rekvizitebs, rogor <strong>da</strong>exmarebianerTmaneTs. ecadeT, rom yvela moswavle iyos integrirebuli am saqmianobaSi.amiT jgufSi gundurobis, erTsulovnebis muxts SeitanT. moswavleebigaacnobiereben, ra mniSvnelovania erTmaneTis <strong>da</strong>xmareba miznis miRwevaSi.sasurvelia, CarToT am saqmianobaSi xatvis an xelovnebis maswavlebeli.SefasebamniSvnelovania, moswavleebma gaacnobieron, rogor Sefasdebian. saukeTesoinstrumentia rubrika, romelic SeiZleba iyos rogorc TviTSefasebis,aseve maswavleblis mier moswavlis Sefasebis forma. aqve gTavazobTrubrikis nimuSs, romliTac SegiZliaT ixelmZRvaneloT an romlismixedviTac Tqveneuli varianti <strong>da</strong>amzadoT. kargi iqneba, Tu am saqmeSi Tqvensmoswavleebsac CarTavT <strong>da</strong> kriteriumebs Tavad SeimuSaveben.
kriteriumis#kriteriumi1gasaumjobesebelia2<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebelia3saukeTesoa1kiTxulobssaTanadointonaciiT2kiTxulobsuSecdomod3kiTxulobssaTanado tempiT4yuradRebiTaa,ismens sxviswakiTxuls, artovebs Tavisreplikebs5iyenebs saTanadoJestikulacias<strong>da</strong> mimikasrubrika SegiZliaT gamoakraT kedelze, rom TvalsaCino iyos yvelasaTvis. moswavleebs ar<strong>da</strong>aviwydebaT, raze un<strong>da</strong> gaamaxvilon yuradReba muSaobisas. ar <strong>da</strong>tovoT maTi gamosvlaSeufasebeli. waaxaliseT maTi mcdeloba, SeniSvnasa <strong>da</strong> rCevas moswavleebi erTmaneTisganufro advilad, umtkivneulod iReben. amitom sTxoveT erTmaneTis Sefasebac. auxseniT, romSeniSvna delikaturad, koreqtulad un<strong>da</strong> miscen erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong> ar <strong>da</strong>iSuron komplimentebi,<strong>da</strong>afason, Tuki moewonebaT megobris gamosvla. sTxoveT TviTSefasebac. kritikulad, magramobieqturad un<strong>da</strong> afasebdnen sakuTar gamosvlas, ris miRwevac, <strong>da</strong>meTanxmebiT rom, ZalzeZnelia, Tumca SesaZlebeli, Tu aZlevT swor nimuSs <strong>da</strong> xSirad mimarTavT Sefasebis am tips.
mosawvevi <strong>da</strong> afiSaSegiZliaT moswavleebs SesTavazoT maTTvis sasurveli stumrebis<strong>da</strong>patiJeba. SeiZleba eseni iyvnen sxva klasis moswavleebi <strong>da</strong> maswavleblebi.warmodgenaze mSoblebic <strong>da</strong>patiJeT <strong>da</strong> amas tradiciis saxe mieciT.magaliTad: yoveli Tvis bolo paraskevs moawyveT mkiTxvelTa TeatrisdRe. SegiZliaT warmodgena patarebisaTvis gamarToT, amiT maT uCvenebTgamarTuli kiTxvis nimuSs. ase wakiTxuli zRapari, moTxroba Tu piesa maTarasodes <strong>da</strong>aviwydebaT, rac mTavaria, kiTxvisadmi siyvaruli gauRvivdebaT,kiTxvas saintereso saqmianobad aRiqvamen. Tqveni moswavleebisaTvis kimayurebeli didi stimuli iqneba, rom Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan ufro <strong>da</strong>xvewon is unarebi,romelic kargi prezentaciisaTvisaa saWiro.47stumrebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>amzadebineT mosawvevebi. Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad gaacaniT,zoga<strong>da</strong>d, mosawvevis forma <strong>da</strong> struqtura, SegiZliaT nimuSic miutanoT.sTxoveT, rom moifiqron mosawvevis dizaini <strong>da</strong> gaaformon teqstiT.SesTavazeT afiSis <strong>da</strong>mzadebac. <strong>da</strong>afiqreT afiSis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaze: ratomkeTdeba, ra elementebisagan Sedgeba (igulsxmeba informaciuli <strong>da</strong>vizualuri mxare).afiSaze un<strong>da</strong> iyos miTiTebuli:piesis/zRapris/moTxrobis <strong>da</strong>saxeleba;avtori;personaJebi;warmodgenis gamarTvis dro <strong>da</strong> adgili.afiSaze, SesaZloa, <strong>da</strong>matebuli iyos informacia, citata nawarmoebi<strong>da</strong>n,vizualuri gamosaxuleba, romliTac ufro metad miizi<strong>da</strong>ven <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>aintereseben mayurebels.amis Semdeg aCveneT nebismieri saxis afiSa <strong>da</strong> SesTavazeT <strong>da</strong>mzadeba.warmodgenamas Semdeg, rac Tqveni moswavleebi mzad iqnebian warmodgenisaTvis, saklasooTaxSi gamoyaviT adgili scenisaTvis. amisaTvis gamoiyeneT saklaso oTaxiswina nawili. gansazRvreT personaJebis ganlageba.warmodgenis ramdenime stili arsebobs:tradiciulad, moswavleebi sxe<strong>da</strong>n an dganan naxevarwreze;ganlagebulni arian sworad, rigSi <strong>da</strong> ise kiTxuloben teqsts;moZraoben scenaze, asruleben iseT moqmedebebs, romlebicaRwerilia teqstSi.
scenari uWiravT erT xelSi, vinai<strong>da</strong>n JestikulaciisaTvis meore xeliTavisufali un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT. personaJebs Tavisuflad SeuZliaT, imoZraonscenaze, Seasrulon is moqmedebebi, romelic teqstSia aRwerili.mTxrobels ar sWirdeba teqstis <strong>da</strong>zepireba. Tumca un<strong>da</strong> icodes sakuTarimonakveTi imdenad kargad, rom kiTxvis dros pir<strong>da</strong>pir iyurebodes, arhqondes Tavi mudmivad teqstSi Carguli. moswavlem rols un<strong>da</strong> Caxedosmxolod TvalebiT, <strong>da</strong> ara TaviT.erT-erTma mTxrobelma un<strong>da</strong> waradginos teqstis saxelwodeba <strong>da</strong> avtori.SesaZloa, raime iTqvas Tavad nawamoebze. wardgenis Semdeg un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icadon,sanam personaJebi <strong>da</strong>ikaveben sakuTar adgilebs.bolo sityvebi un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas nela <strong>da</strong> ritmulad, rom auditoria mixvdeswarmodgenis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebas. ramdenime wamis ganmavlobaSi mTxrobelebi erTadgilze Cerdebian, xuraven scenarebs <strong>da</strong> Tavs ukraven mayureblebs.gaiTvaliswineT, rom es ubralod SemoTavazebaa, arCevani aris Tavisufali.Tqven SegiZliaT, moifiqroT axali detalebi, romlebic, Tqveni azriT, ufrosainteresosa <strong>da</strong> saxalisos gaxdis meTods.warmodgenis Semdegwarmodgenis Semdeg aucileblad SeavsebineT rubrika, warmarTeT diskusiakiTxvebze:ras grZnobdiT warmodgenisas?mogewonaT Tu ara Tqveni dRevandeli gamosvla? ratom?ram Seuwyo xeli Tqvens warmatebas/warumateblobas?ras SecvlidiT Semdegi warmodgenisTvis? <strong>da</strong> a. S.isaubreT maTi gamosvlis Zlier mxareebze, <strong>da</strong>ufaseT mondomeba.gaaazrebineT, ramdenad mniSvnelovani iyo Tanadgoma <strong>da</strong> urTierT<strong>da</strong>xmarebissurvili warmatebis miRwevaSi. Tu moswavleebs warmatebulobis ganc<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>euflebaT, mkiTxvelTa Teatri maTi sayvareli saqmianoba gaxdeba. meTodiaucileblad <strong>da</strong>exmareba moswavleebs emociur zr<strong>da</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> motivaciis,pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis amaRlebaSi.48
urTierTswavlebameTodis SesaxeburTierTswavlebis meTodi aris Zalze efeqturi saSualeba SegnebulikiTxvis unaris gasaviTareblad. igi XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi anna braunisa<strong>da</strong> anna-maria palinskaris mier problemur mkiTxvelTa <strong>da</strong>xmarebis mizniTSemuSav<strong>da</strong>. meTodi efeqturia <strong>da</strong>wyebiT <strong>da</strong> sabazo safexurze, rogorcaRweriT, ise TxrobiT teqstebze samuSaod.49palinskaris ganmartebiT, urTierTswavlebis meTodis gamoyenebis drosteqstis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva monakveTis irgvliv maswavlebelsa <strong>da</strong> moswavleebs SorismuSaoba dialogis formatSi mimdinareobs, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kognituri (saazrovno,azrovnebis sferosTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli) <strong>da</strong> metakognituri (azrovneba,<strong>da</strong>kvirveba sakuTari azrovnebis procesze) aqtivobebis gamoyenebiT. esenia:Sejameba;kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma;bundovani adgilebis axsna-ganmarteba;varaudebis gamoTqma.meTodis msvlelobis dros moswavleebi iTavseben maswavleblis rols.isini teqstze muSaoben mcire jgufebSi <strong>da</strong> Tavad warmarTaven `swavlebisa~<strong>da</strong> `swavlis~ process. amgvarad, es aris maTi erToblivi mcdeloba, ukeTCawvdnen teqstis arss <strong>da</strong> gaiazron masSi mocemuli informacia. meTodSigamoyenebuli oTxive aqtivoba Zalze mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> fun<strong>da</strong>menturiaSegnebuli kiTxvis unaris gasaviTareblad. TiToeuli maTgani konkretulmizans emsaxureba <strong>da</strong> konkretul unar-Cvevebs aviTarebs <strong>da</strong>, rac mTavaria,xels uwyobs moswavlis `karg mkiTxvelad~ formirebas.Sejameba _ aris erT-erTi urTulesi etapi teqstis kiTxvis dros. albaTyvelas SeginiSnavT, rogor uWirT moswavleebs, lakonurad <strong>da</strong> gasagebadgadmoscen yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia. `urTierTswavlebis~ meTodispirvel safexurze, jgufebs evalebaT ama Tu im pasaJis Sejameba. isinierToblivad msjeloben sakvanZo detalebis Sesaxeb, rac maTTvis ufrogasagebs xdis, rogor amokribon teqsti<strong>da</strong>n mTavari informacia <strong>da</strong> maTisinTezi moaxdinon. am dros moswavleebs uviTardebaT Sejamebis, analizisa<strong>da</strong> wakiTxulis gaazrebis unarebi. Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad, rodesac moswavleebipirvelad iwyeben urTierTswavlebis meTodis gamoyenebiT teqstze muSaobas,isini mxolod mcire erTeulebis, wina<strong>da</strong>debis an abzacis Sejamebas axerxeben,xolo mogvianebiT ukve mTliani monakveTis gaazrebac efeqturad gamosdiT.kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma _ kargi mkiTxveli svams SekiTxvebs wakiTxulis irgvliv,rac exmareba mas kiTxvis procesSi etapobrivad gaiazros Sinaarsi. meTodismsvlelobis am etapze moswavleebs evalebaT, <strong>da</strong>svan SekiTxvebi, risTvisacmaT koncentrireba un<strong>da</strong> moaxdinon teqstze, siRrmiseulad gaiazronkonteqsti <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svan sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis SekiTxvebi. xSirad SeiZleba jgufSi
gaCenilma SekiTxvam <strong>da</strong>va <strong>da</strong> azrTa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaoba gamoiwvios. am SemTxvevaSi,maswavleblis miTiTebiT, isini Tavi<strong>da</strong>n ubrundebian teqsts, raTa ukeTgaigon igi. amgvarad, kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma efeqturs xdis gagebis process.axsna-ganmarteba _ kargi mkiTxveli kiTxvis procesSi, iq sa<strong>da</strong>c ucnobsityvas, an bundovan mosazrebas aRmoaCens, Cerdeba <strong>da</strong> cdilobs, gaiazroskonkretuli sityvis, wina<strong>da</strong>debis Sinaarsi. urTierTswavlebis meTodismesame etapic swored amas iTvaliswinebs. Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad moswavleebimaTTvis gaugebar adgilebs moiniSnaven, acnoben megobrebs <strong>da</strong> cdiloben,Tavadve moaxerxon maTi axsna, konteqsti<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, an winare codnasTan<strong>da</strong>kavSirebis gziT, an maswavleblis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT. es etapi gansakuTrebiTmniSvnelovania im moswavleebisTvis, romelTac hgoniaT, rom kiTxvis mizanimxolod sityvebis sworad amokiTxvaa (dekodirebaa) <strong>da</strong> teqstis miRma raigulisxmeba, maTTvis umniSvneloa. axsna-ganmartebis fazaze, rodesacmaT moeTxovebaT, gaarkvion <strong>da</strong> naTeli mohfinon bundovan adgilebs, aseTimoswavleebic ki cdiloben, miubrundnen wakiTxuls <strong>da</strong> megobrebis anmaswavleblis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT gaigon igi. teqstis amgvari <strong>da</strong>muSaveba Zalianefeqturia ucxo enis gakveTilebzec. vinai<strong>da</strong>n enis Seswavlis dros xSiria,rodesac moswavleebi TiToeuli sityvisa <strong>da</strong> frazis mniSvnelobazefiqrs Tavs arideben <strong>da</strong> teqsti<strong>da</strong>n mxolod zogadi informaciis amoRebiTkmayofildebian.varaudebis gamoTqma SesaZlebelia rogorc teqstis wakiTxvamde, isemisi wakiTxvis Semdgom. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxvels exmareba saTauri,ilustracia an qveTavi. meore SemTxvevaSi ki mas uwevs, TviT teqstSi moZebnosmcire miniSnebebi. Cven mier ganxiluli meTodis meoTxe etapze moswavleebmaun<strong>da</strong> gamoTqvan varaudebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>fiqrdnen, ra SeiZleba moxdes teqstismomdevno monakveTSi. amitom isini cdiloben, yuradRebiT gaecnon teqsts,raTa mxedvelobi<strong>da</strong>n ar gamorCeT avtoris mier gakeTebuli miniSnebebi,gamoTqvamen hipoTezebs. momdevno monakveTs ukve didi interesiT ecnobian,raTa <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>sturon an uaryon maT mier gamoTqmuli varaudi. es ki efeqturiaim mxriv, rom uviTardebaT warmosaxvisa <strong>da</strong> fantaziis unarebi. amrigad,am meTodSi Semavali kognituri aqtivobebis gamoyenebiT, moswavleebsuvarjiSdebaT an uviTardebaT mniSvnelovani unarebi <strong>da</strong> moazrovnemkiTxvelebad yalibdebian. isini:efeqturad iyeneben winare codnas teqstis gaazrebis dros;kiTxvis dros akvirdebian teqstis gagebis process <strong>da</strong> azustebengaugebar/bundovan adgilebs;yuradRebas amaxvileben ZiriTad <strong>da</strong> sakvanZo sakiTxebze;axdenen informaciis sinTezs kiTxvis procesSi;50gamudmebiT akeTeben aRmoCenebs, rogorc teqstis kiTxvisas, ise misiwakiTxvis Semdgom;
svamen SekiTxvebs;SeuZliaT teqstis ara mxolod sworad wakiTxva, aramed misi gaazreba<strong>da</strong> sakuTari azrovnebis procesze <strong>da</strong>kvirveba, radganac uwevT teqsTanmravalgzis mibruneba <strong>da</strong> misi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvarad ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba.mniSvnelovania isic, rom muSaobis amgvari forma iZulebuls xdis jgufisTiToeul wevrs, aqtiurad CaerTos procesSi <strong>da</strong> Tamamad gamoTqvas sakuTarimosazrebebi. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, xels uwyobs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari unaris mqone moswavleTaurTierTTanamSromlobas.meTodSi Semaval aqtivobaTa zemoT mocemuli Tanmimdevroba ar arisga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti. Tqven SegiZliaT, Tqveni klasis saWiroebebisa <strong>da</strong> swavlebisstilis Sesabamisad, SecvaloT igi. SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>amatoT an CaanacvloTaqtivobebi. oTxkacian jgufebSi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d am aqtivobebis gamoyenebiTmimdinareobs teqstis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba, Tumca sainteresos xdis samuSao processmexuTe aqtivobis _ vizualizebis <strong>da</strong>mateba (Tuki, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, amissaSualebas iZleva moswavleTa raodenoba klasSi). am rolis Sesrulebisas,moswavleebma teqstis wakiTxvis Semdgom un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnan ilustraciebi, anuwarmoidginon <strong>da</strong> gaakeTon Canaxatebi TiToeul wakiTxul epizodze, rac xelsuwyobs fantaziisa <strong>da</strong> warmosaxvis unaris ganviTarebas.51im SemTxvevaSi, Tu klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba ar iZleva saSualebas, romjgufi Tanabari raodenobis wevrebiT <strong>da</strong>kompleqtdes, SegiZliaT TiTo<strong>da</strong>valeba or bavSvs gaunawiloT an maT <strong>da</strong>mkvirveblis funqcia SeuTavsoT.imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma efeqturad imuSaon, girCevT,urTierTswavlebis meTodis gamoyenebamde, garkveuli dro <strong>da</strong>uTmoT masSiSemavali aqtivobebis Seswavlas, anu <strong>da</strong>gegmoT <strong>da</strong> CaataroT gakveTilebiTiToeul maTganze: Sejameba, kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>sma, axsna-ganmarteba, varaudebisgamoTqma, vizualizeba. mas Semdeg, rac <strong>da</strong>rwmundebiT, rom moswavleebiwarmatebiT axerxeben am aqtivobebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT teqstebis <strong>da</strong>muSavebas,SegiZliaT efeqturad gamoiyenoT zemoT <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli meTodi <strong>saswavlo</strong>procesSi.meTodis gamoyeneba<strong>saswavlo</strong> procesSiTav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad SearCieT kargad struqturirebuli aRweriTi an TxrobiTitipis teqsti, romelic saSualebas mogcemT, moswavleebi jgufebSi,urTierTswavlebis meTodis gamoyenebiT amuSaoT. amitom teqstis moculoba<strong>da</strong> Sinaarsi gaTvlili un<strong>da</strong> iyos imaze, rom jgufis wevrebma SeasrulonmeTodiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela tipis samuSao, anu misi TiToeuli nawilis(abzacis) irgvliv <strong>da</strong>svan kiTxvebi, <strong>da</strong>azuston bundovani adgilebi anterminebi, Seajamon wakiTxuli monakveTi <strong>da</strong> gamoTqvan varaudebi.teqstis SerCevis Semdeg, SeecadeT, TiToeuli jgufisaTvis SeqmnaTsaxelmZRvanelo sqema, sa<strong>da</strong>c konkretulad iqneba miTiTebuli movaleobebi.iqve miuTiTeT magaliTebi an kiTxvis saxiT CamoayalibeT Sesasrulebelisaqmianoba, riTac ufro gaumartivebT maT teqstze muSaobas.
gTavazobT aseTi sqemis nimuSs:urTierTswavlebismeTodiSemajamebelikiTxvebis<strong>da</strong>msmeliamsaxvelivaraudebisgamomTqmeliajamebs teqsts <strong>da</strong>gamoyofs mTavarideassvams SekiTxvebswakiTxuli teqstisirgvlivazustebs teqstSiarsebul gaugebarsityvebs <strong>da</strong>bundovanadgilebsgamoTqvamsvaraudebsmomdevnoepizodTan<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiTmagaliTad:1. ra arismTavari idea?2. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>drazea saubari?magaliTad:1. ratom?2. rogor arisaRwerili?magaliTad:1. ras niSnavssityva - ?2. rogorgesmiT fraza- ?magaliTad:1. Cemi azriT....2. am epizodi<strong>da</strong>ngamomdinare.....<strong>da</strong>amzadeT samuSao furceli jgufis wevrebisaTvis. masze aucilebladmiuTiTeT visTvis aris gankuTvnili (anu masze un<strong>da</strong> imuSaos: kiTxvebis<strong>da</strong>msmelma, Semmjamebelma, amxsnelma Tu varaudebis gamomTqmelma) <strong>da</strong>gamoyaviT Tavisufali sivrce, sa<strong>da</strong>c moswavleebi gaakeTeben mokleCanawerebs.52Tu am tipis samuSao furcels originalur saxes miscemT, an raimeilustracias <strong>da</strong>urTavT, rasakvirvelia, ufro metad ganawyobT moswavleebssamuSaod.
samuSao furclis nimuSi:1.jgufis erTi wevris samuSao areilustracia /minaweri2.jgufis meore wevris samuSao are3.jgufis mesame wevris samuSao are4.jgufis meoTxe wevris samuSao areaseve, sasurvelia, TiToeuli jgufisTvis SeqmnaT saprezentacio sqema, sa<strong>da</strong>cganTavsdeba maTi samuSao furclebi <strong>da</strong> sabolood Sejamdeba jgufis mier gaweulisaqmianoba. magaliTad:urTierTswavlebismeTodiSemajamebelikiTxvebis<strong>da</strong>smaaxsnavaraudebisgamoTqma
meTodis mimdinareoba ganvixiloT qvemoT mocemuli teqstis (`yvelaferiWianWvelebis Sesaxeb~) magaliTze. pirvel etapze ganawyveT moswavleebiteqstze samuSaod. motivaciis Sesaqmnelad, SegiZliaT, <strong>da</strong>svaT kiTxvebi. mag.gaixseneT yvelaze mSromeli <strong>da</strong> Ronieri arsebebi. an gamoiyeneT raime mcireaqtivoba: `gonebrivi ieriSi~, `asociaciuri ruka~ <strong>da</strong> a.S.<strong>da</strong>yaviT klasi jgufebad <strong>da</strong> gaacaniT teqstze muSaobis strategia. gaaxseneT,ras gulisxmobs urTierTswavlebis meTodiT teqstis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba <strong>da</strong> raSiexmareba is maT. kargi iqneba, Tu Tavad moaxdenT demonstrirebas <strong>da</strong>miscemT konkretul nimuSs. anu waukiTxavT teqstis erT monakveTs (abzacs).SeasrulebT jgufis TiToeuli wevris savaraudo funqcias. amiT moswavleebssaSualebas miscemT, <strong>da</strong>akvirdnen Tqveni azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebis process.gaakeTeben <strong>da</strong>skvnebs, rogor aris SesaZlebeli amis ganxorcieleba.54
yvelaferi WianWvelebisSesaxebwarmoudgenelia pikniki WianWvelebis gareSe. maT xom ase ZalianuyvarT narCenebiT piris Catkbaruneba. isini Zalze sainteresoarsebebi arian, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom <strong>da</strong>upatiJebel stumrebadiTvlebian. albaT yvelas SeginiSnavT, rogor miacunculebensufri<strong>da</strong>n namcecebs, Tavisze orjer meti zomis tvirTs ezidebian<strong>da</strong> cdiloben, ar <strong>da</strong>tovon umciresi narCenic ki. isini sakmaodgonieri arsebebi arian. zamTris sarCos Segrovebas zafxulSiiwyeben. TiToeul marcvals piriT Suaze kvneten, rom ar aRmocendes<strong>da</strong> sakvebad uvargisi ar gaxdes. Tu SeamCnies, rom <strong>da</strong>nestian<strong>da</strong>,<strong>da</strong>obebisgan <strong>da</strong>sacavad aSroben kidevac <strong>da</strong> gasaSrobad mxolod kargamindSi gamoaqvT. amindis gamocnoba ki maT ar eSlebaT, TamamadSeiZleba vendoT: Tuki <strong>da</strong>vinaxavT, rom WianWvela marags aSrobs,ese igi ar gawvimdeba. amgvar saqmianobas WianWvelebi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d,erToblivad asruleben.WianWvelebi miwisqveSa gvirabebSi, xan ki miwisagan aSenebulborcvebSi ojaxebad cxovroben. zogi maTgani mcenareTa RruebSiibudebs. TiTo ojaxSi 300 000-mde WianWvelaa. WianWvelebis ojaxiSedgeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wevrisagan. yovel maTgans mkacrad gansazRvrulifunqcia aqvs. dedofali qmnis ojaxs <strong>da</strong> debs kvercxebs. ojaxis<strong>da</strong>arsebis Semdeg TiTqmis arasodes tovebs budes. debs aTasobiTkvercxs, romlisganac, Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad, muSa WianWvelebi iCekebian.maT ganawilebuli aqvT funqciebi: zrunaven dedoflis gamokvebaze,awesrigeben an afarToeben budes, icaven ojaxs mtrisagan, uvlianpatarebs, imarageben sakvebs. TiToeuli maTgani Tavis movaleobascxovrebis bolomde asrulebs. muSa WianWvelebi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d,mdedrebi arian. mamri WianWvelebis cxovreba Zalian xanmoklea.maTi umTavresi movaleobaa, gaanayofieron mdedri, ris Semdegacixocebian.WianWvelebs ostaturad aqvT mowyobili sacxovrebeli. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vadimisa, rom maT budes mxolod erTi Sesasvleli aqvs, igi bevrioTaxisagan Sedgeba. TiToeul maTgans Tavisi <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba aqvs.yvelaze didi - dedoflis samyofelia, sa<strong>da</strong>c igi kvercxebs debs.aq mxolod muSa WianWvelebs aqvT Sesvlis ufleba, raTa sakvebimiutanon dedofals <strong>da</strong> kvercxebi specialurad gakeTebul sabavSvooTaxebSi ga<strong>da</strong>zidon. arsebobs gantvirTvis oTaxebic, sa<strong>da</strong>cmuSa WianWvelebi xangrZlivi Sromis Semdeg isveneben. aseve, aqvTsakuWnao, sakvebis maragis Sesanaxad. budeSi isini temperaturasacawesrigeben. zafxulSi binis Si<strong>da</strong> sivrces zrdian, amisTvis saxuravszemoT weven an oTaxebis kedlebs afarToeben. zamTarSi piriqiTiqcevian: budis kedlebs a<strong>da</strong>bleben, riTac Si<strong>da</strong> sivrce mcirdeba <strong>da</strong>siTbo matulobs.
arsebobs WianWvelebis zogierTi saxeoba, romelic Zarcvavs mezobelojaxebs, paravs maT kvercxebs <strong>da</strong> gamoCekil WianWvelebs iyenebsmonebad. `monebi~ imave samuSaos asruleben, rac, wesiT, sakuTarojaxSi un<strong>da</strong> SeesrulebinaT. zogi exmareba maT patarebis movlaSi,zogi sakvebis mopovebaSi, <strong>da</strong>narCenebi icaven budeebs. aseve, cnobiliaWianWvelebis saxeoba, romlis warmomadgenlebic, imis gamo, rom SromaezarebaT, sxvis budeebSi saxldebian <strong>da</strong> muSa WianWvelebs sakuTarSvilebs azrdevineben.amgvarad, WianWvelaTa cxovrebis wesze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis Sedegad,entemologebi – mecnierebi, romlebic mwerebs Seiswavlian, amboben,rom WianWvelebi yvelaze maRalganviTarebuli arsebebi arian.dReisaTvis, 6000-mde saxeoba arsebobs. Tumca bevri maTgani jerkidev Seuswavlelia. amitom, SesaZlebelia, maTi raodenoba momavalSikidev gaizardos. WianWvelebis sicocxlis xangrZlivoba, saSualod, 1welia, Tumca mdedri WianWvelebi 20 wlamdec ki cocxloben.56
teqstis pirveli abzacis wakiTxvis Semdeg SegiZliaT SeaxsenoT maT, rom:Semajamebeli axdens teqstis Sejamebas <strong>da</strong> jgufSi svams amasTan<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul SekiTxvebs, magaliTad:ra aris am monakveTis mTavari idea?ra gavigeT am nawyveti<strong>da</strong>n WianWvelebis Sesaxeb? <strong>da</strong> a.S.Semajamebeli Tavad warmarTavs jgufSi am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul diskusias<strong>da</strong> cdilobs, saboloo <strong>da</strong>skvnebi samuSao furcelze moiniSnos.magaliTad:am monakveTi<strong>da</strong>n Cans, rom WianWvelebi mSromeli <strong>da</strong> Ronieriarsebebi yofilan <strong>da</strong> amindis gamocnobac ki SeZlebiaT.57kiTxvebis <strong>da</strong>msmeli svams SekiTxvebs wakiTxulis irgvliv. magaliTad:ris Sesaxeb aris saubari am nawyvetSi?rogor emzadebian WianWvelebi zamTrisTvis? <strong>da</strong> a.S.sasurvelia, man moiniSnos yvela kiTxva, romelic am monakveTis irgvlivgaCndeba.amxsneli cdilobs, jgufis wevrebisTvis gaugebar sityvebsa <strong>da</strong>bundovan adgilebs naTeli mohfinos. am kuTxiT warmarTavs diskusiasjgufSi, magaliTad:ras niSnavs `sarCos Segroveba~? <strong>da</strong> a.S.igi iwers jgufis wevrebisagan miRebul ganmartebebs. magaliTad:`sarCos Segroveba~ gulisxmobs sakvebis momaragebas.varaudebis gamomTqmeli, wakiTxuli pasaJi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,cdilobs, <strong>da</strong>fiqrdes <strong>da</strong> gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba, rogor SeiZlebagagrZeldes ambavi Semdeg monakveTSi <strong>da</strong> Tavis varaudebs Seu<strong>da</strong>rebsjgufis sxva wevrebis mosazrebebs. sabolood miRweul SeTanxmebaswerilobiT <strong>da</strong>afiqsirebs furcelze. magaliTad:am abzacis bolo wina<strong>da</strong>debi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, Semdeg nawilSialbaT saubari iqneba maT sxva erTobliv saqmianobaze an erToblivcxovrebaze.TiToeuli am ganmartebis Semdeg gamoikiTxeT, iyo Tu ara raimebundovani an gaugebari, <strong>da</strong>asmevineT SekiTxvebi, ganusazRvreT teqstispirvel nawilze muSaobis dro <strong>da</strong> jgufebs saWiro masalebi <strong>da</strong>urigeT:teqstebi;baraTebi;saxelmZRvanelo sqema meTodze samuSaod;calkeuli jgufisaTvis gankuTvnili saprezentacio sqemebi(SegiZliaT isini winaswar ganaTavsoT kedlebze).
Tvali miadevneT TiToeuli jgufis saqmianobas, miaqcieT yuradReba, romCaniSvnebi <strong>da</strong>rigebul baraTebze awarmoon; sworad warmarTon diskusia, sworadga<strong>da</strong>anawilon dro, anu Tanabari dro <strong>da</strong>uTmon calkeuli monakveTebisganxilvas.muSaobis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg jgufis TiToeuli wevri axdens sakuTarinamuSevris prezentacias <strong>da</strong> samuSao furcels aTavsebs (akravs) maTTvisgankuTvnil sqemaSi (ix. zemoT). imisaTvis, rom es procesi organizebuladwarimarTos, umjobesia, pirveli nawilis prezentacia klasis winaSe mxoloderTma jgufma gaakeTos, <strong>da</strong>narCenebma ki is gansxvavebuli mosazrebebiTSeavson.momdevno etapebzec am principiT grZeldeba muSaoba, im gansxvavebiT, romTiToeuli nawilis <strong>da</strong>muSavebis Semdeg jgufSi rolebi icvleba, rac imasgulisxmobs, rom gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi yvela moswavles mouwevs oTxive(an xuTive) tipis <strong>da</strong>valebis Sesruleba. saboloo jamSi ki aseTi suraTiSeiqmneba: klasis winaSe jgufebi TiTo prezentacias warmoadgenen, magramsaprezentacio sqemebs srulad Seavseben.<strong>da</strong>skvniT etapze aucileblad SeafaseT maTi namuSevrebi <strong>da</strong> gamokiTxeT:gauWir<strong>da</strong>T Tu ara muSaoba?ra iyo rTuli?romeli rolis Sesruleba iyo yvelaze saintereso?<strong>da</strong>exmara Tu ara maT amgvari muSaoba teqstis gagebaSi?58
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