Kkartografia

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Soris (40 000 km), xolo yvelaze mokle paralelipolusebTan axlos aris ganlagebuli.polusebis SemaerTebel wrexazebs meridianebiewodeba. sigrZiT yvela meridiani toloa. amitom, romganasxvaon isini, sawyis meridianad pirobiTadarCeulia meridiani, romelic gaivlis londonismaxloblad grinviCis observatoriaze. mas sawyis,nulovan an grinviCis meridians uwodeben. is agreTve2nawilad yofs dedamiwas-aRmisavleT da dasavleT.nax.. gradusTa badis elementebi: P-polusebi, R-ekvatori, L-paraleli, M-meridianigradusTa bades ukavSirdeba cnebebigeografiuli ganedisa da grZedis Sesaxeb.geografiuli ganedi ewodeba manZils ekvatoridanCrdiloeTiT an samxreTiT mocemul wertilamde,gamosaxuls gradusebSi. imisda mixedviT, Tu romelnaxevarsferoSi mdebareobs wertili, ganasxvavebenCrdiloeTis da samxreTis ganedebs. geografiuligrZedi ewodeba manZils sawyisi meridianidanaRmosavleTiT an dasavleTiT mocemul wertilamde,14
agreTve gamosaxuls gradusebSi. ganasxvavebenaRmosavleTis da dasavleTis grZedebs. geografiulganedis da grZeds geografiul koordinatebsuwodeben.gradusTa badeze manZilebi gamoisaxebagradusebSi. imisaTvis, rom ganvsazRvroT 1 gradusissigrZe ekvatoris garSemowiruloba, anu 40 000 kmunda gavyoT 360 gradusze, Sedegad miviRebT 111 km-s.amrigad ekvatorzr 1 gradusis sigrZe 111 km-ia. maRalganedebSi, anu polusebisaken paralelebis sigrZisSemcirebasTan erTad is mcirdeba. 1 gradusis sigrZisdamokidebuleba geografiul ganedze gamoisaxebaSemdegi formuliT:L=111,2cos f,sadac f -geografiuli ganedia, xolo L- 1gradusis Sesabamisi sigrZea.12 cneba kartografiuli proeqciis Sesaxebkartografiuli proeqcia ewodeba dedamiwiselifsoidis sibrtyeze gamosaxvis xerxs, anudedamiwis elifsoidis geografiul rukad gardaqmnisxerxs.mecnierebis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva periodebSidedamiwis elifsoididan sibrtyeze gadasvlis drosgamoiyeneboda sxvadasxva meTodebi. Tumca es xerxebiSemuSavda ara uSualod dedamiwis elifsoidisaTvis,aremed ciuri sferosaTvis- cis varskvlavTa rukisSesadgenad. amisaTvis antikur saberZneTSi dawyebuliCvens welTaRricxvamde me-6 saukunidan daiwyes e.w.perspeqtiuli proeqciebis gamoyeneba. im drosmecnierebi cdilobdnen ciuri sfero ramenairadgadmoetanad rukaze, xolo mis sizustesa damaTematikur uzrunvelyofaze naklebad fiqrobdnen.es gasagebicaa, radganac im dros maTematikurmacnierebas jer ar SeeZlo amgvari proeqciebis15
Page 1 and 2: Eelizbar elizbaraSviliKkartografia(
Page 3 and 4: Seiswavlis dedamiwis formis gansazR
Page 5 and 6: da a.S. Semdeg daiwyes mosaxleobis
Page 7 and 8: amisa pirveli operaciis Catarebisas
Page 9 and 10: ganvixiloT manZilebisa da farTobebi
Page 11 and 12: masalebis damuSavebis safuZvelze. a
Page 13: geometriuli nivelireba saSualebas i
Page 17 and 18: Seesabameba mTeli wrfe. es bunebriv
Page 19 and 20: wrewirebis rkalebs. saSualo meridia
Page 21 and 22: dan 1:1 000 000-mde) da wvrilmasSta
Page 23 and 24: janmrTelobis dacvisistoriuli sxvada
Page 25 and 26: 3. dasaxlebuli punqtebis gamosaxva.
Page 27 and 28: 4. izoxazebis xerxi. rukaze izoxazs
Page 29 and 30: daniSnulebis mixedviT ganasxvaveben
Page 31 and 32: cnobilia Tbili ( wiTeli, narinjisfe
Page 33 and 34: icvlebamwvane narinjisferi lurjdeba

Kkartografia

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