Catalogue of the Living Bivalvia of the Eastern Pacific Ocean ...

supported by the observation in the USNM of a sample of V. borealis
labelled Cape May, Albatross Station2023 while the Albatross Station for C.
gouldii is 2923; it may be speculated that a label may have been misread.
60.The South American representatives are obviously referable to Cyclocardia,
but the deeper lunule and overhanging umbones are suggestive of
Cardites (Link 1807). It is possible that the group should be accorded
subgeneric status within Cyclocardia.
61. Crassatellacea superfamily nom. transi. et amend. is proposed to
exclude the astartids, and to comprise the families Crassatellidae and Scambulidae
characterized by an internal alivincular ligament. Though distantly
related to astartids, similarities are due to convergence (Boyd & Newell
1968).
62. Astartacea superfamily nom. transi. is proposed to contain the familles
Astartidae (Orbigny 1844) and Opinidae (Chavan 1952), characterized
by an external, opisthodetic, parivincular ligament. Similarities to the super
family Crassatellacea are the result of convergence.
63. Astarte lozzgirostra (Orbigny 1846) though clearly astartid, is with
doubt assigned to the genus Astarte. The total lack of lunule and vestigial
escutcheon, the long, narrow, and deeply sunk ligament and the anomalous
antiboreal distribution, suggest a careful review is required. Some features
suggest affinity with Eriphylinae (Chavan 1952).
64.Clinocardiinae (Kafanov 1975) was not recognized by Keen (1980) who
includes Clinocardiunz (Keen 1936) in the subfamily Laevicardiinae (Keen
1936). I am inclined to accept Kafanov's division on the basis of shell
ultrastructure and consider it useful to segregate Clinocardium and Serripes
(Gould 1841) from Laevicardium (Swainson 1840) and similar forms.
65. Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson 1860), though usually only
accorded subgeneric rank in Mactra, is sufficiently distinct to be elevated to
full genus. The thick shell, fibrous periostracum and hinge structure support
this interpretation.
66.The presence of a third horse clam in the fauna will be a surprise to many
workers. The species, to be named by B.Roth (in. flit.) has a limited subtidal
distribution in California and was first recognized as distinct by Dinnell and
Martini (1974) who erroneously referred it to Venus pajaroana (Conrad
1857).
67. Tellina scobizzata (Linné 1758) was listed from the Galapagos Islands
(Schwengel 1938), but is a member of the Australian fauna.
68. Tellitza virgata (Linné 1758) said to occur in Magellan Strait (Bertin
1878), is probably a misplaced specimen of Indo-Pacific T. cumingii (Hanley
1844).
69. Macalia californiensis (Bertin 1878) was incorrectly described from
California; the material probably was Japanese and referable to Tellina
bruguieri (Hanley 1844).
70. Macoma hesperus (Dall 1908) is known only from the holotype,
described from the Gulf of Panama, but the Albatross Station (2355) is
Caribbean and the specimen is probably Tellina brevifrons (Sowerby 1834).
71. Psamnzotreta gubernaculum (Hanley 1844) described from Real Llejos
and included by various workers in the west coast fauna, the holotype
label states "India" and the species is, according to Keen (1971), probably
identical to P. praerupta (Salisbury 1934).
72. Psammotreta plebeia (Hanley 1844) described from Real Llejos, is
extralimital. The type is labelled west Africa, and probably is referable to P.
cumana (Costa 1829) from Senegal.
73. Semele clydosa nonz. nov. is proposed for the preoccupied
Amphidesma putzctatum (Sowerby 1833). The specific name is derived from
the Greek klydon, waves, referring to the concentric undulations of the shell.
74. Semele medioamericana (Pilsbry & Lowe 1932) described from
Nicaragua has not since been collected, and probably represents displaced
Caribbean S. proficua (Pultney 1799).
75. Semele pacifica (Dall 1915) the type location was incorrectly stated to
be Catalina Island, California. This Panamic species does, however, extend
north into the Gulf of California.
76. Seznelina nuculoides (Conrad 1841) recorded from the eastern Pacific
by Hoffstetter (1952) as a subfossil from Atacama, is probably referable to
S. subquadrata (Carpenter 1857). S. nuculoides is limited to the west
Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean.
77. Theora lubrica (Gould 1861) has been introduced from Japan to
several Californian locations (Hardy 1970; Seapy 1974) and is probably
established at Newport Bay and in Los Angeles Harbour.
78. Tagelus violascens (Carpenter 1857) may be a synonym of T. dombeii
(Lamarck 1818).
79. Donax bellus (Deshayes 1855) described from Acapulco, Mexico, has
not since been recognized. According to Keen (1971) it probably represents
the Atlantic D. variabilis (Say 1832).
80. Dotzax carpetzteri (H.Adams & A .Adams 1856) renamed for material
said to have come from the Gulf of California, is presently lost. No decision
on the status of this taxon can be made until the type interval is located.
81. Donax flexuostts (Gould 1853) described from California probably
represents misplaced Caribbean D. striatus (Linné 1767).
82. lphigenia altior (Sowerby 1833) probably is the same as lphigetzia
laevigata auctt not Gmelin 1791 cited by Carpenter (1857) which he considered
a Brazilian species (fide H. Adams & A.Adams 1856).
83. Trapezium californicum (Conrad 1837) though described from California,
is in fact Hawaiian and referable to the widely distributed Indo-
Pacific species T. oblongunz (Linné 1758).
84. Trapeziunz liratum (Reeve 1843) has been introduced to the west coast
of North America with Japanese seed oysters. Specimens have been collected
at Elkho rn Slough, California (Bonnot 1935) and Ladysmith Harbour,
British Columbia. The species does not seen to have become established.
85. Polymesoda (Rafinesque 1828) includes species a that inhabit brackish
to fresh waters, but shell valves are frequently found near river mouths and
in estuaries.
86. Polynzesoda convexa (Deshayes 1855) described from Central America
has not since been collected, the generic assignment is not obvious, and
the type not located; thus it is best considered a nom. dub.
87. Vezztricolaria lepidoglypta (Dall 1902) described in error from Acapulco,
Mexico is extralimital, possibly, according to Keen (1971), the west
Pacific Venus foveolata (Sowerby 1853).
88. Chione califoriziensis (Broderip 1835) is accepted in preference to
Venus leucodon (Sowerby 1835) though the later has page priority, following
Carpenter (1864) as the first reviser.
89. Chiozze schottii (Dall 1902) described from Humboldt Bay in the Gulf
of Panama, probably is a ballast shell, perhaps, according to Olsson (1961)
the Atlantic Venus striatula (Costa 1778).
90. Mercenaria apodema (Dall 1902) was also described from Humboldt
Bay, Gulf of Panama (see note 89), probably a ballast shell referable to the
Atlantic Venus campechietzsis (Gmelin 1791).
91. Mercenaria kennicottii (Dall 1871) described from Neah Bay,
Washington.Dall also referred to a single valve from Monterey, California,
but no similar material has since been collected. I suspect the northern
accord is referable to the Japanese Venus stimpsoni (Gould 1861), and the
southern valve to ballast or misplaced Atlantic V. mercenaria (Linné 1758).
92. Mercenaria mercenaria (Linné 1758) is an Atlantic species introduced
to San Francisco Bay, Newport, California, and possible other locations. It
is possibly established at Humboldt Bay, California (Hanna 1966).
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