Checklist of Baltic Sea Macro-species - IOW

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Number of species / km 2 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.009 0.011–0.014 0.024–0.025 0.037–0.050 0.059–0.069 0.069 0.073–0.109 0.152–0.242 0.260–0.458 0.059 0.109 0.260 0.073 0.458 Figure 4. Diversity of macro-species per sub-basin. The sub-basins all differ in size. When the total number of species per sub-basin is compared to the size of the sub-basin it is clear that the smaller sub-basins near the western border of the Baltic Sea have the highest number of species per unit area (Table 1). These are followed by the UNESCO world natural heritage site of The Quark and the Åland Sea, both much further north. When the species diversity of these areas is compared to that of adjacent areas there is an almost ten-fold increase in the border areas (Kattegatt/Great Belt/Arkona Basin or Bothnian Sea/The Quark/ Bothnian Bay). One of the common factors for these areas is that they function as narrow border zones between two larger bodies of water with quite different characteristics, such as salinity and average temperature. The actual number of species differs widely between these areas but the same effect is evident. Other factors may also affect the mean species diversity per unit area. The amount of data collected in the various sub-basins affects the number of species found simply because the possibility of finding more species increases as more data are collected. Nevertheless, effect of the border zones is still apparent. Table 1. Macro-species diversity per sub-basin in descending order. 8 Sub-basin km 2 Total no. of species Species/km 2 The Sound 2278 1044 0.458 Little Belt 2942 764 0.260 Kiel Bay 3382 818 0.242 Bay of Mecklenburg 4636 707 0.152 Great Belt 7765 849 0.109 Kattegat 22102 1607 0.073 The Quark 4509 313 0.069 Åland Sea 4433 260 0.059 Gulf of Gdańsk 5806 292 0.050 Arkona Basin 16502 603 0.037 Gulf of Finland 29901 759 0.025 Archipelago Sea 11077 261 0.024 Gulf of Riga 18796 270 0.014 Bornholm Basin 41970 441 0.011 Bothnian Bay 33224 298 0.009 Western Gotland Basin 27876 246 0.009 Northern Baltic Proper 41114 275 0.007 Bothnian Sea 63650 383 0.006 Eastern Gotland Basin 74985 294 0.004
2. Checklist documentation and distribution data for Baltic Sea macrophyte species The checklist for Baltic Sea macrophyte species compiled within the HELCOM Red List project currently includes 531 taxa of macroalgae, aquatic vascular plants, charophytes and bryophytes. The list also contains 3052 of the most common synonyms, variations or subspecies. These data make it possible to establish the distribution of each species across the Baltic Sea. Figure 5 shows species diversity per sub-basin. 2.1 Expert Team Chair: Georg Martin (Estonia) Paulina Brzeska (Poland), Martynas Bučas (Lithuania), Anna Doronina (Russia), Karin Fürhaupter (Germany), Marika Gerb (Russia), Elena Glazkova (Russia), Vadims Jermakovs (Latvia), Gustav Johansson (Sweden), Hans Kautsky (Sweden), Kirsi Kostamo (Finland), Nikolay Kovalchuk (Russia), Kaire Torn (Estonia). Bothnian Bay Bothnian Sea + The Quark 116 162 Archipelago Sea 68 Åland Sea Gulf of Finland Northern Baltic Proper 131 187 132 Gulf of Riga Gulf of Gdask Eastern Gotland Basin Western Gotland Basin Bornholm Basin Arkona Basin 73 86 106 114 171 192 The Sound 275 Bay of Mecklenburg 173 Kiel Bay 228 Great Belt + Little Belt 317 Kattegat 401 0 100 200 300 400 500 Number of species 51–100 101–150 151–200 201–250 251–300 301–401 162 116 2.2 Taxonomy The taxonomy of the macrophyte species follows the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS www.marinespecies.org, last edit: 2 February 2011). The taxonomy of species not included in WoRMS (72 mainly freshwater vascular plant species) follows national or international databases in the following order: German FloraWeb (www. floraweb.de) > Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS; www.itis.gov) > World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP, 2011 http://apps. kew.org/wcsp). 317 401 275 162 131 68 132 114 106 73 187 Taxonomically the checklist contains nearly exclusively species. Only in four exceptional cases is the genus listed (Batrachospermum, Gymnogongrus, Spirogyra, Zygnema). Although records for subspecies or variations exist for several countries, these are compiled under the respective species level, with the subspecies/ variation listed within the ‘synonym’ category. 171 192 86 317 173 228 Figure 5. Number of macrophyte species per Baltic Sea sub-basin. 9
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