January 2010 - Karunikan

am{Xw k` Dt]£n°p∂hcp≠mImw. _mlyambn
C{]Imcw sNøm\p≈ ImcW߃ t\csØ
kqNn∏n®Xpt]mse k`bpsS \nbaßfn¬ \n
t∂m ]ncnhpIfn¬ \nt∂m Hgnhm°s∏SpItbm
Fs∂ms°bmhmw.
_mlyamb {]hrØnbpw B¥cnI
Xocpam\hpw
Hcp am\pjnI {]hrØnbv°v \nba]camb ^
ew (efficacy) DfhmIWsan¬ B hy‡nbpsS
_mlyamb {]hrØn B¥cnIamb Xocpam\Øn
s‚ shfn®Ønembncn°Ww. ChnsS Hcp hy‡n
k` Dt]£n°p∂ ss\ømanI {]hrØnbv°v
]ment°≠ \S]Sn{Iaw F¥msWt∂m AXv
F{]Imcw sNbvXncn°Wsat∂m Im\≥ \nba
Øn¬ {]Xn]mZn°p∂n√. AXpsIm≠v Hcp ss\
ømanI {]hrØn km[phmIp∂Xn\v Im\≥ \nb
aw A\pimkn°p∂ LSIßfmb icnbmb Adn
hpw kzmX{¥yhpw {]hrØn sNøm\p≈ ]IzX
bpw D≈bmƒ ItØmen°mk` hn´pt]mIW
sa∂ Dt±itØmsS hnizmksØtbm, k`m`cW
kwhn[m\sØtbm X≈n∏dbptºmƒ Abmƒ
k` hn´pt]mbXmbn ]cnKWn°mhp∂XmWv.
Hu]NmcnIXsb∂ hntijWw
k` Dt]£n°p∂ ss\ømanI {]hrØnbnse
Hu]NmcnIXsb∂ \mahntijWamWv Cu
hnjbØnse G‰w {][m\s∏´ kwKXn. Cu \ma
hntijWw eØo≥ \nbakwlnXbn¬ aq∂v
{]mhiyhpw, ]uckvXy \nbakwlnXbn¬ c≠p
{]mhiyhpw D]tbmKn®v ImWp∂p≠v.
1. {InkvXob hnizmknIƒ cq]wsImSp°p∂
ss{]h‰v Atkmkntbj≥ ss\ømanI hy‡n
(juridic personality) BIWsan¬ \nbam\pkrX
A[nImcnbpsS Hu]NmcnIamb Hcp Un{In D≠m
bncnt°≠XmWv (CIC. c. 322/1). (]uckvXy \nba
kwlnXbn¬ CXn\v Xpeyamb Imt\m\bn√).
2. cq]Xm sa{Xm\v Xs‚ cq]XmXn¿Øn°p
≈n¬ Hu]NmcnI Un{In hgn Hcp k\ymkk`
ÿm]n°mw. (]cnip≤ knwlmk\hpambn C
°mcyw t\csØ BtemNn®ncn°Ww) (CIC. c. 579)
cfr CCEO. c. 506/3).
3. Hcp k\ymkk`bv°v s]m¥n^n°¬ ]Zhn
e`n°Wsan¬ ]cn: knwlmk\Øns‚ Hu]
NmcnI Un{In (formal decree) BhiyamWv (CIC.c.
589; cfr also CCEO. c. 505).
ta¬ {]kvXmhn® kmlNcyßfnse√mw Hu]
NmcnIamb F∂ \mahntijWwsIm≠v A¿∞
am°p∂Xv taev]d Un{InIƒ Hcp {]hrØn
sNøp∂Xn\p≈ _mlyamb F√m \S]Sn{Iaß
fpw ]q¿Ønbmbncn°Wsa∂mWv. F∂m¬ _m
lyambn GsX√mw \S]Sn{IaßfmWv Hcmƒ k`
Dt]£n®p t]mIptºmƒ ]q¿Ønbmt°≠Xmtbm
]ment°≠Xmtbm D≈sX∂v \nbaØn¬ ]d
n´n√. ]ckytam (public) Ip{]kn≤tam
(notorious) Bb Hcp {]hrØnbv°v km[yamb sX
fnhpIƒ BhiyamWv. F∂m¬ Hu]NmcnIambn
k` Dt]£n°p∂ {]hrØnsb taev]d KW
Øn¬ \n∂v \nbaZmXmhv th¿Xncn®mWv ImWp
∂Xv. X∑qew Hu]NmcnIambn k` Dt]£n®p
F∂Xn\v _mlyamb sXfnhpIƒ am{Xw t]mcm
F∂v hy‡amWv. AXn¬ IqSpX¬ Ft¥m
"formal' F∂ \mahntijWw e£yam°p∂p≠v.
AX\pkcn®v Hcmƒ Hu]NmcnIambn k` Dt]
£n°p∂ {]hrØn hy‡n]camb Hcp {]Jym]\
ambncn°Ww. Cu {]hrØn ""Rm≥ ItØmen°m
k` Dt]£n°p∂p'' F∂ Hcp {]Jym]\amImw.
hy‡n]camb Xocpam\w
Npcp°Øn¬ Hcp {]hrØn HcmfpsS a\ ns‚
\nbXamb \n›b{]Imcambncn°Ww. CXv
XnI®pw hy‡n]camb Hcp Xocpam\ambncn°pw.
AXpsIm≠v AØcsamcp Xocpam\w FSp°p∂
hy‡n sNøm≥ t]mIp∂ {]hrØnbpsS {]m[m\y
sØ∏‰n Adnhpw B {]hrØn hgn B{Kln°p
∂ e£yw t\SnsbSp°m\p≈ a\ ns‚ \n›b
hpap≠mIWw. a\ ns‚ Cu \n›bamWv Hcp
{]hrØnbpsS Hu]NmcnI kz`mhw \n¿Æbn°p
∂Xv. am{Xhpa√, Cu {]hrØn k`bpambp≈
AbmfpsS Iq´mbvasb _m[n°p∂Xn\m¬ B
{]hrØnbpsS kXymhÿ AYhm hkvXp\njv
TX Dd∏phcpØnbncn°Ww. CXv Dd∏phcpØm≥
P\phcn 2010
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