GrowinG Truffles in South AFriCA sToraGe soluTions For grAin ...

BeHeer voëls in Die winGerD
Uittreksel deur Chris Kriel.
Die kossoekgedrag van skadelike voëls in tafeldruifwingerde is in die
2001/2002 somer-oesseisoen in die Oranjeriviervallei, Noord-Kaap,
ondersoek. Gegrond op ‘n steekproef van 300 geveerde kossoekergedragseienskappe,
is bevind dat voeders met ‘n gemengde voedingspatroon
meer op druiwe voed gedurende die eerste maand van
die oes (November) wanneer slegs sowat 13% van die wingerde ryp
druiwe aan het, as in die daaropvolgende twee maande (Desember en
Januarie). Gedurende die laaste twee maande raak hul voorkeur meer
gerig op insekte en voeding op druiwe aansienlik minder, ten spyte van
die toename en groter beskikbaarheid van druiwe; dus ‘n verskuiwing
in hul voorkeure binne die oesseisoen.
‘n Daaglikse tweeledigheid in voedingspatroon is ook opgemerk, met
voëls wat meer geredelik op druiwe voed van vroegoggend tot laat
namiddag met ‘n aanmerklike afname in die middel van die dag. ‘n
Groter voorkeur in voeding vanaf die bokant van die trosse as vanaf
die sykante en onderkante, is ook aangeteken.
Daar was ook ‘n duidelike verskil in kossoek-voorkeurstrategieë onder
die mees algemene aangetekende spesies in die tye waarin hul nie op
druiwe gevoed het nie. Voëls met ‘n gemengde voedingsvoorkeur het
op ongewerweldes gevoed wat op die wingerdstamme se bas, lower
en op die grond te vinde was.
Graanetende voëls het oor die algemeen hul voeding toegespits op
plantmateriaal, soos sade op die grond, maar het ook gevoed op
druiwe gedurende die vroeë gedeelte van die oesseisoen (November).
Gevolgtrekking
Kennis van voëlgedrag in wingerde maak ‘n belangrike element uit
vir die ontwikkeling van effektiewe skadebeperkende strategieë wat
doelgerig en korrek geïmplementeer kan word.
Skade deur voëls is die hoogste vroeg in die oesseisoen met ‘n duidelik
fiXeD properTY solD as parT of an enTerprise
By LB Vorster, LB Vorster Attorneys.
In a previous article it was stated that the sale of fixed property forming
part of an enterprise that is being disposed of as a running concern
may qualify for payment of VAT at a zero rate (provided certain criteria
of the Value Added Tax Act are met by the parties). Yet another important
act of which the parties in such an event should take cognisance
is the Insolvency Act No 24 of 1936 and in particular Section 34
thereof. Generally this Section is only referred to by parties when selling
or purchasing the everyday business and we are all used to regularly
seeing these notices in the newspaper.
Section 34 requires any person (or legal entity) who intends transferring
a business or the goodwill of a business, or any assets or property forming
part of a business (other than in the ordinary course of business),
to publish notices of such intention in 2 (TWO) editions each of an
Afrikaans and an English newspaper circulating in the area in which the
business is situated and in the Government Gazette, at least 30 days
but no more than 60 days prior to the intended transfer. Failure by the
parties to have the required notices published as prescribed will result
in the transfer of the business (or the relevant portion thereof) being void
against the creditors of the business for a period of 6 (SIX) months from
the date of transfer. In the event that the seller’s estate is being sequestrated
during the 6 (SIX) month period, the transfer will also be void
Tel: 028 313 0136 | Fax: 028 313 0946
Suite 25, 1st Floor, Astoria Village,
Main Road, Hermanus
E-mail: lbvorster@hermanus.co.za
www.attorneys.co.za/lbvorster
20 | aDs & aGri • November 2012
onderskeibare daaglikse tweeledige kossoekpatroon. Pogings om
skade te beperk moet derhalwe aangewend word wanneer wingerde
die trefbaarste is vir voëlskade, byvoorbeeld vroeg in die oesseisoen en
veral by vroegryp kultivars. Afskriktoestelle wat staatmaak op óf visuele
óf gehoor stimuli, hoef slegs in die oggende en laat namiddag gebruik
word wanneer voëls die aktiefste is en geneig is om op druiwe te voed.
Waar wingerdskade erg is of waar voëls nie maklik afgeskrik kan word
nie, kan die gebruik van geperforeerde sakkies oor die trosse oorweeg
word wat genoegsame beskerming aan die top en kante van die tros
bied, daar waar die tros die kwesbaarste is.
Voordat terreinspesifieke voorsorgmaatreëls egter geïmplementeer word,
moet die werklike skadeveroorsakende voëlspesies geïdentifiseer word,
want dit sal die skadebeperkende program bepaal.
Addisionele inligting moet versamel word rondom faktore wat voëlgedrag
en skade deur voëls vererger, byvoorbeeld, die identifikasie van
algemeen gebruikte vlugroetes van die voëls na die wingerde, die
fisiese lokaliteit en tipe kultivar van die wingerdblok relatief tot aangrensende
blokke, en die afstand van gunstige voëlhabitatte. Só kan
dit moontlik word om areas van die eiendom en blokke wat die ergste
geteister word deur die voëls, te bepaal, wat tot groot hulp kan wees
in die bepaling van gefokusde beheermaatreëls. Onthou egter dat die
gedragspatrone van skadelike voëls grootliks kan verskil tussen die
wingerde en selfs tussen die blokke van dieselfde kultivar. Gevolglik sal
beheermaatreëls nie altyd ewe doeltreffend wees nie. ◊
Bron: Herman, E. and Anderson, M.D. 2007: Foraging Behaviour of Damagecausing
Birds in Table Grape Vineyards in the Orange River Valley, South Africa.
http://www.sasev.org/journal-sajev/sajev-articles/volume-28-2/vol%20
28(2)%20Hermann,%20Anderson%20pp%20150-154.pdf
against the trustee of the seller’s insolvent estate. The devastating effect
that this could have on a purchaser of fixed property is clearly illustrated
in the case of Anton Roos N.O. & Others v Kevin & Lasia Property
Investments CC & Others, (Case number 30533/2001), an unreported
decision of the Transvaal Provincial division:
A company that owned an estate agency sold the business to another
estate agency. The business included, amongst others, a building
complex comprising various shops from which considerable rental
income was derived. Simultaneously with transfer, the existing bond
was cancelled and the new owners registered a new bond in favour of
the institution that financed the purchase price. The required notices in
terms of Section 34 were never published. Within 6 (SIX) months from
the date of transfer of the business, the seller (company) was placed in
liquidation and its creditors applied to the court for an order in terms
of Section 34 of the Insolvency Act that would declare the sale of the
business, including the transfer of the building complex, void against the
said creditors. The court decided in favour of the creditors and consequently
both the transfer of the building complex and the registration of
the bond were declared void.
How does this affect me as a property owner?
The principles confirmed in the court case referred to above may similarly
find application when, for instance:
1. Fixed property is being acquired as an investment and it is then
rented out by the owner who is a registered VAT vendor whereby an
enterprise (rent earning activity) as defined in Section 1 of the Value-
Added Tax Act No 89 of 1991 is established;
2. The enterprise is subsequently sold (subject to the existing agreement
of lease) as a running concern together with the assets necessary for
carrying on business (the fixed property) to a purchaser who is also
a registered VAT vendor; (which will normally qualify the transaction
for payment of VAT at a zero rate).
In such an event it would probably be wise for the purchaser to insist
on publication of the required notices in terms of (and strictly in accordance
with) Section 34 of Act No 24 of 1936 to prevent unknown or
undisclosed creditors of the owner (seller) from laying claim to, amongst
others, the fixed property. ◊