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Taalvariatie en taalbeleid - Marc van Oostendorp

Taalvariatie en taalbeleid - Marc van Oostendorp

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Engels te sprek<strong>en</strong> (ongeveer 80% <strong>van</strong> de bevolking verklaarde e<strong>en</strong> gesprek in die<br />

taal te kunn<strong>en</strong> voer<strong>en</strong>)<br />

• Conclusie: de relatie tuss<strong>en</strong> taal <strong>en</strong> nationale id<strong>en</strong>titeit is in Nederland e<strong>en</strong><br />

andere dan in sommige andere land<strong>en</strong>. M<strong>en</strong> is <strong>en</strong>erzijds vrij gemakkelijk bereid<br />

die taal op te gev<strong>en</strong>, maar wil haar tegelijk ook puur houd<strong>en</strong>.<br />

• De Nederlandse Taalunie. Sinds 1980 werk<strong>en</strong> de Nederlandse <strong>en</strong> Vlaamse (vroeger:<br />

Belgische) overheid sam<strong>en</strong> in de Nederlandse Taalunie. Al het beleid <strong>van</strong> beide<br />

regering<strong>en</strong> op het gebied <strong>van</strong> taal <strong>en</strong> literatuur (spellingsregeling, uitreiking<br />

staatsprijz<strong>en</strong>, ondersteuning lerar<strong>en</strong> Nederlands in het buit<strong>en</strong>land) wordt door de<br />

NTu uitgevoerd. De instelling is gevestigd in D<strong>en</strong> Haag. Vlaamse <strong>en</strong> Nederlandse<br />

<strong>taalbeleid</strong>sgedacht<strong>en</strong> kom<strong>en</strong> er sam<strong>en</strong>. Interessant is dat de oorspronkelijke<br />

doelstelling<strong>en</strong> <strong>van</strong> de oprichters sterk op het versterk<strong>en</strong> <strong>van</strong> de e<strong>en</strong>heidstaal gericht<br />

war<strong>en</strong> (e<strong>en</strong> 'Belgische' doelstelling), maar dat de aandacht de laatste tijd iets komt te<br />

verligg<strong>en</strong> naar taalvariatie (e<strong>en</strong> 'Nederlandse' gedachte).<br />

2. De erk<strong>en</strong>ning <strong>van</strong> streektal<strong>en</strong><br />

Achtergrond. In 1992 tek<strong>en</strong>de de Nederlandse regering het Europees Handvest voor<br />

Regionale Tal<strong>en</strong> of Tal<strong>en</strong> <strong>van</strong> Minderhed<strong>en</strong>; dit werd in 1996 geratificeerd door het<br />

parlem<strong>en</strong>t. In eerste instantie was het bedoeld voor de erk<strong>en</strong>ning <strong>van</strong> het Fries, maar al<br />

snel volgd<strong>en</strong> Nedersaksisch <strong>en</strong> Limburgs. De regering heeft nu nog e<strong>en</strong> aanvraag voor<br />

erk<strong>en</strong>ning <strong>van</strong> het Zeeuws in behandeling.<br />

(1) (Europees Handvest)<br />

For the purposes of this Charter:<br />

a. "regional or minority languages" means languages that are:<br />

i. traditionally used within a giv<strong>en</strong> territory of a State by nationals of<br />

that State who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of<br />

the State's population; and<br />

ii. differ<strong>en</strong>t from the official language(s) of that State;<br />

it does not include either dialects of the official language(s) of the State or<br />

the languages of migrants;<br />

(…)<br />

c. "territory in which the regional or minority language is used" means the<br />

geographical area in which the said language is the mode of expression of<br />

a number of people justifying the adoption of the various protective and<br />

promotional measures provided for in this Charter;<br />

d. "non-territorial languages" means languages used by nationals of the State<br />

which differ from the language or languages used by the rest of the State's<br />

population but which, although traditionally used within the territory of<br />

the State, cannot be id<strong>en</strong>tified with a particular area thereof.<br />

(2) (Memorandum <strong>van</strong> toelichting)<br />

Differ<strong>en</strong>t languages:<br />

32. These languages must clearly differ from the other language or languages<br />

spok<strong>en</strong> by the remainder of the population of the state. The charter does not<br />

concern local variants or differ<strong>en</strong>t dialects of one and the same language.<br />

However, it does not pronounce on the oft<strong>en</strong> disputed question of the point at<br />

which differ<strong>en</strong>t forms of expression constitute separate languages. This question<br />

dep<strong>en</strong>ds not only on strictly linguistic considerations, but also on psychosociological<br />

and political ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>a which may produce a differ<strong>en</strong>t answer in<br />

each case. Accordingly, it will be left to the authorities concerned within each<br />

state, in accordance with its own democratic processes, to determine at what<br />

point a form of expression constitutes a separate language.<br />

2

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