Helhetlig planlegging og utvikling av miljøvennlige ... - ciens

Summary
Title: Comprehensive planning and development of environmentally friendly marinas
Year: 2011
Author: Eli Rinde (NIVA), Hartvig Christie (NIVA), Morten Clemetsen (UMB), Jon
Guttu (NIBR), Viggo Jean-Hansen (TØI), Tone Kroglund (NIVA), Martin Lund-Iversen
(NIBR), Anders Often (NINA), Knut Bjørn Stokke (UMB)
There is a large and growing pressure on land use in the coastal zone. This is particularly
the case along the Skagerrak coast and especially with respect to marinas. The same areas
are also desired for many other purposes. Other regions have lower development
pressure in the coastal zone. But increased building of cottages, and increased investment
in tourism and travel, leads to an increased need for comprehensive planning and
development of marinas also in these areas.
In southern Norway, marinas are often placed in sheltered bays and inlets. These areas
often have large marine biological conservation values (e.g. important habitats such as
shallow soft bottom areas in the coastal zone and sea grass beds). At the same time these
areas were settled by people a long time ago, and therefore are important for cultural
values and different outdoor activities.
Through comprehensive planning, it will be possible to develop environmentally-friendly
marinas that do not impair the landscape, natural and cultural values, while also providing
added value through the facilitation of multiple uses and local development. This
includes various forms of business, stimulation of different types of outdoor recreation,
conservation/awareness of various local cultural and natural values and development of
social meeting places and tourism. A prerequisite for a marina to be environmentally
friendly is preparation for an environmentally friendly public transport for the users of
the marinas and the areas nearby, and that the conditions are set for environmentally
friendly operation. This includes effective solutions to minimize the emission of
hazardous wastes and for good handling and receipt of garbage and discarded boats.
To achieve comprehensive planning and development of environmentally friendly
marinas, good legal framework and guidelines are needed. It is also necessary to have
good knowledge of the location, design and operation. Additionally, it is also important
to consider the development of marinas in a larger perspective. Important topics are an
overall consideration of natural and cultural values on land and at sea, recreation,
tourism, local development, transportation solutions and needs, as well as safety aspects.
For all these issues it is necessary to look at what is optimal or to be avoided in terms of
location, design and operation to create an environmentally friendly marina. The report
points out both positive and negative aspects of marinas for the various themes.
This report provides an overview of the number of small boats and marinas in Norway
and regional differences in extent and application. It gives the status of knowledge of key
issues for the development of environmentally friendly marinas, an overview of key
legislation and guidelines and examples of current practice with regard to planning and
operations. The final chapter provides a thematic overview of the key aspects that must
be processed for the development of environmentally-friendly and value-added smallboat
marinas, and points out the most important knowledge gaps in order to assess what
will be an optimal location and design in terms of multi-use and conservation of cultural
and natural resources in the area.
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