Evaluarea si interventia in criza data de violenta - Dr. Radu Vrasti ...
Evaluarea si interventia in criza data de violenta - Dr. Radu Vrasti ...
Evaluarea si interventia in criza data de violenta - Dr. Radu Vrasti ...
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<strong>Radu</strong> <strong>Vrasti</strong> Ghid Practic <strong>de</strong> Interventie <strong>in</strong> Criza<br />
Faptul ca o femeie este dispusa sa <strong>de</strong>zvaluie <strong>violenta</strong> domestica la care a fost supusa<br />
este o problema <strong>in</strong> care sunt implicate multiple variabile <strong>in</strong>dividuale <strong>si</strong> contextuale. Marcus <strong>si</strong><br />
Braaf (2007) arata ca pe langa ru<strong>si</strong>nea, jena <strong>si</strong> sentimentele <strong>de</strong> v<strong>in</strong>ovatie care <strong>in</strong>sotesc aceste<br />
episo<strong>de</strong>, exista importante variabile care fac ca o femeie sa fie reticenta precum:<br />
i) frica <strong>de</strong> a nu fi crezuta;<br />
ii) frica <strong>de</strong> a fi ju<strong>de</strong>cata <strong>si</strong> criticata;<br />
iii) frica <strong>de</strong> razbunare a faptuitorului;<br />
iv) frica ca locul un<strong>de</strong> a ajuns nu este potrivit pentru problemele sale;<br />
v) cred<strong>in</strong>ta ca acest serviciu nu este capabil sa-i ofere protectie <strong>si</strong> ajutor.<br />
Femeile abuzate nu recunosc sau nu vor sa admita <strong>in</strong>tot<strong>de</strong>auna ca comportamentul<br />
partenerului lor este abuziv. In cazul <strong>in</strong> care exista suspiciunea ca femeia aflata <strong>in</strong> programul<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>terventie <strong>in</strong> <strong>criza</strong> a fost t<strong>in</strong>ta unui act <strong>de</strong> <strong>violenta</strong> domestica lucratorul <strong>in</strong> <strong>criza</strong> trebuie sa<br />
<strong>de</strong>clanseze procedura <strong>de</strong> screen<strong>in</strong>g care are ca scop tocmai <strong>de</strong>celarea comportamentelor<br />
abu<strong>si</strong>ve care ori sunt trecute sub tacere <strong>de</strong> femeie or nu sunt constientizate ca atare. Screen<strong>in</strong>g<br />
pentru <strong>violenta</strong> domestica trebuie facut ori <strong>de</strong> cate ori o femei cu probleme emotionale sau<br />
p<strong>si</strong>hosomatice se adreseaza programului <strong>de</strong> <strong>criza</strong> <strong>si</strong> el face parte d<strong>in</strong> evaluarea istoriei<br />
personale a subiectului. Importanta acestui screen<strong>in</strong>g este subl<strong>in</strong>iata <strong>si</strong> <strong>de</strong> raportarile lui Jones<br />
<strong>si</strong> Bonner (2002) care au chestionat 159 femei prezentate la o cr<strong>in</strong>ica <strong>de</strong> obstetrica <strong>si</strong> au ga<strong>si</strong>t ca<br />
10,7% d<strong>in</strong> ele au fost abuzate <strong>de</strong> partenerii lor sau <strong>de</strong> Leserman <strong>si</strong> colab. (1996) care au<br />
<strong>in</strong>tervievat 239 femei care s-au prezentat pentru probleme gastro-<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>ale <strong>si</strong> la care au ga<strong>si</strong>t<br />
un procent <strong>de</strong> 66,5% abuzuri. Astfel, screen<strong>in</strong>gul pentru <strong>violenta</strong> domestica a fost <strong>in</strong>clus <strong>in</strong><br />
procedura standard <strong>de</strong> evaluare a sanatatii fizice <strong>si</strong> p<strong>si</strong>hice a femeilor care se prez<strong>in</strong>ta <strong>in</strong><br />
servicul <strong>de</strong> <strong>criza</strong>, servicul <strong>de</strong> urgenta, serviciile <strong>de</strong> obstetrica <strong>si</strong> g<strong>in</strong>ecologie sau la medicul <strong>de</strong><br />
medic<strong>in</strong>a generala <strong>si</strong> este parte <strong>in</strong>tegranta a rut<strong>in</strong>a <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>grijire a unei femei care se prez<strong>in</strong>ta la<br />
aceste facilitati <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>grijire a sanatatii. Inclu<strong>de</strong>rea screen<strong>in</strong>gului <strong>in</strong> evaluarea sanatatii generale<br />
este expre<strong>si</strong>a crim<strong>in</strong>alizarii actelor <strong>de</strong> <strong>violenta</strong> domestica <strong>si</strong> a <strong>in</strong>stitutionalizarii masurilor <strong>de</strong><br />
combatere a ei (Bumiller, 2010) <strong>si</strong> toti lucratorii d<strong>in</strong> domeniul sanatatii <strong>si</strong> mai ales pe cei d<strong>in</strong><br />
prima l<strong>in</strong>ie <strong>de</strong> raspuns, sunt man<strong>data</strong>ti sa aplice acasta procedura. In anexa Nr. 2 se prez<strong>in</strong>ta<br />
protocolul universal <strong>de</strong> screen<strong>in</strong>g care este <strong>de</strong> fapt algoritmul <strong>de</strong> i<strong>de</strong>ntificare <strong>si</strong> <strong>in</strong>grijire a<br />
femei cu probleme <strong>de</strong> abuz domestic (Middlesex, London Health Unit, Ontario, 2000).<br />
Atunci cand face acest screen<strong>in</strong>g, lucratorul <strong>in</strong> <strong>criza</strong> trebuie sa fie precaut, nu trebuie sa<br />
fie altc<strong>in</strong>eva <strong>de</strong> fata, trebuie sa explice <strong>de</strong> ce pune astfel <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>trebari, sa a<strong>si</strong>gure femeia <strong>de</strong><br />
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